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Reis R, Dhawle R, Girard R, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, de Witte P, Cabooter D, Du Pasquier D. Electrochemical degradation of diclofenac generates unexpected thyroidogenic transformation products: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134458. [PMID: 38703679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is an environmentally persistent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with thyroid disrupting properties. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) can efficiently remove NSAIDs from wastewater. However, eAOPs can generate transformation products (TPs) with unknown chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, DCF was electrochemically degraded using a boron-doped diamond anode. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the TPs of DCF and elucidate its potential degradation pathways. The biological impact of DCF and its TPs was evaluated using the Xenopus Eleutheroembryo Thyroid Assay, employing a transgenic amphibian model to assess thyroid axis activity. As DCF degradation progressed, in vivo thyroid activity transitioned from anti-thyroid in non-treated samples to pro-thyroid in intermediately treated samples, implying the emergence of thyroid-active TPs with distinct modes of action compared to DCF. Molecular docking analysis revealed that certain TPs bind to the thyroid receptor, potentially triggering thyroid hormone-like responses. Moreover, acute toxicity occurred in intermediately degraded samples, indicating the generation of TPs exhibiting higher toxicity than DCF. Both acute toxicity and thyroid effects were mitigated with a prolonged degradation time. This study highlights the importance of integrating in vivo bioassays in the environmental risk assessment of novel degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dhawle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Romain Girard
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani GR-50132, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department for Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, Evry 91000, France
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Du Pasquier D, Salinier B, Coady KK, Jones A, Körner O, LaRocca J, Lemkine G, Robin-Duchesne B, Weltje L, Wheeler JR, Lagadic L. How the Xenopus eleutheroembryonic thyroid assay compares to the amphibian metamorphosis assay for detecting thyroid active chemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105619. [PMID: 38614220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA) was recently published as an OECD Test Guideline for detecting chemicals acting on the thyroid axis. However, the OECD validation did not cover all mechanisms that can potentially be detected by the XETA. This study was therefore initiated to investigate and consolidate the applicability domain of the XETA regarding the following mechanisms: thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonism, sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibition, thyroperoxidase (TPO) inhibition, deiodinase (DIO) inhibition, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonism, and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) induction. In total, 22 chemicals identified as thyroid-active or -inactive in Amphibian Metamorphosis Assays (AMAs) were tested using the XETA OECD Test Guideline. The comparison showed that both assays are highly concordant in identifying chemicals with mechanisms of action related to THR agonism, DIO inhibition, and GR agonism. They also consistently identified the UDPGT inducers as thyroid inactive. NIS inhibition, investigated using sodium perchlorate, was not detected in the XETA. TPO inhibition requires further mechanistic investigations as the reference chemicals tested resulted in opposing response directions in the XETA and AMA. This study contributes refining the applicability domain of the XETA, thereby helping to clarify the conditions where it can be used as an ethical alternative to the AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000, Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Benoît Salinier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000, Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Katherine K Coady
- Bayer Crop Science, Environmental Safety, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, USA
| | - Alan Jones
- ADAMA US, Environmental Safety, 3120 Highwoods Blvd., Raleigh, NC, 27604, USA
| | - Oliver Körner
- ADAMA, Environmental Safety, Edmund-Rumpler-Strasse 6, 51149, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica LaRocca
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Gregory Lemkine
- Laboratoire WatchFrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000, Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | | | - Lennart Weltje
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions - Ecotoxicology, Speyerer Strasse 2, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - James R Wheeler
- Corteva Agriscience, Zuid-Oostsingel 24D, 4611 BB, Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- Bayer AG R&D Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
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Haigis AC, Vergauwen L, LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, O'Brien JM, Knapen D. Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:1-27. [PMID: 37405877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-species AOP network for THSD which may provide an evidence-based foundation for extrapolating THSD data across vertebrate species and bridging the gap between human and environmental health. This review aimed to advance the description of the taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) in the network to improve its utility for cross-species extrapolation. We focused on the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and adverse outcomes (AOs) and evaluated both their plausible domain of applicability (taxa they are likely applicable to) and empirical domain of applicability (where evidence for applicability to various taxa exists) in a THSD context. The evaluation showed that all MIEs in the AOP network are applicable to mammals. With some exceptions, there was evidence of structural conservation across vertebrate taxa and especially for fish and amphibians, and to a lesser extent for birds, empirical evidence was found. Current evidence supports the applicability of impaired neurodevelopment, neurosensory development (eg, vision) and reproduction across vertebrate taxa. The results of this tDOA evaluation are summarized in a conceptual AOP network that helps prioritize (parts of) AOPs for a more detailed evaluation. In conclusion, this review advances the tDOA description of an existing THSD AOP network and serves as a catalog summarizing plausible and empirical evidence on which future cross-species AOP development and tDOA assessment could build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D, Lemkine GF. Evaluation of the endocrine activity of surface water samples using aquatic eleuthero-embryos-A comparison with in vitro assays. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10911. [PMID: 37475203 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the previous decade, numerous new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed and validated for the detection of endocrine activity of individual chemicals or environmental samples. These NAMs can be largely separated into three categories, in silico tools, in vitro assays, and in vivo assays using organisms or life stages not considered as laboratory animals, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. While in vitro assays provide more mechanistic information, the use of whole organisms such as fish or amphibian embryos provides a more holistic view of the net effects of an environmental sample on hormonal activity. A panel of bioassays was used to test the endocrine activity of several samples from the Danube River at Novi Sad, Serbia. The results of the in vitro assays have been published previously. Here, we present the results of the in vivo assays that were performed at the same time on the same samples. These whole organism assays are based on the use of transgenic fish and amphibian eleuthero-embryos and included the Xenopus Eleuthero-embryo Thyroid Assay (XETA), the Rapid Estrogen ACTivity In Vivo assay (REACTIV), and the Rapid Androgen Disruption Activity Reporter (RADAR) assay. Discrepancies between the different in vitro assays have previously been reported. The results of the in vivo studies also indicate discrepancies between the in vivo and in vitro data with an underestimation of the endocrine activity by the in vitro tests. Therefore, a battery of tests is advised with the initial diagnostic performed with in vivo tests to cover a wider range of modes of action and to allow the appropriate in vitro assay(s) to be selected to confirm the mode of action. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Endocrine activity was quantified in surface water using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vivo results fit with previously reported in vitro results. Higher activity was observed in water samples with in vivo models, which cover a wider range of modes of action. Endocrine activity of surface water samples may be underestimated when measured with in vitro models.
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Huang Z, Gao J, Chen Y, Huan Z, Liu Y, Zhou T, Dong Z. Toxic effects of bisphenol AF on the embryonic development of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1445-1454. [PMID: 36929865 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF), an emerging environmental endocrine disruptor, has been detected in surface waters worldwide and has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The accumulation of BPAF in oceans and its potential toxic effect on marine organisms are important concerns. In this study, the effects of BPAF (10, 100, 1, and 5 mg/L) on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were evaluated, including effects on the survival rate, heart rate, hatchability, morphology, and gene expression in embryos. The survival rate of marine medaka embryos was significantly lower after treatment with 5 mg/L BPAF than in the solvent control group. Exposure to 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L BPAF significantly reduced hatchability. Low-dose BPAF (10 μg/L) significantly accelerated the heart rate of embryos, while high-dose BPAF (5 mg/L) significantly decreased the heart rate. BPAF exposure also resulted in notochord curvature, pericardial edema, yolk sac cysts, cardiovascular bleeding, and caudal curvature in marine medaka. At the molecular level, BPAF exposure affected the transcript levels of genes involved in the thyroid system (dio1, dio3a, trhr2, tg, and thra), cardiovascular system (gata4, atp2a1, and cacna1da), nervous system (elavl3 and gap43), and antioxidant and inflammatory systems (sod, pparβ, and il-8) in embryos. These results indicate that BPAF exposure can alter the expression of functional genes, induce abnormal development, and reduce the hatching and survival rates in marine medaka embryos. Overall, BPAF can adversely affect the survival and development of marine medaka embryos, and BPAF may not be an ideal substitute for BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuebi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhang Huan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in the South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Busquet F, Laperrouze J, Jankovic K, Krsmanovic T, Ignasiak T, Leoni B, Apic G, Asole G, Guigó R, Marangio P, Palumbo E, Perez-Lluch S, Wucher V, Vlot AH, Anholt R, Mackay T, Escher BI, Grasse N, Huchthausen J, Massei R, Reemtsma T, Scholz S, Schüürmann G, Bondesson M, Cherbas P, Freedman JH, Glaholt S, Holsopple J, Jacobson SC, Kaufman T, Popodi E, Shaw JJ, Smoot S, Tennessen JM, Churchill G, von Clausbruch CC, Dickmeis T, Hayot G, Pace G, Peravali R, Weiss C, Cistjakova N, Liu X, Slaitas A, Brown JB, Ayerbe R, Cabellos J, Cerro-Gálvez E, Diez-Ortiz M, González V, Martínez R, Vives PS, Barnett R, Lawson T, Lee RG, Sostare E, Viant M, Grafström R, Hongisto V, Kohonen P, Patyra K, Bhaskar PK, Garmendia-Cedillos M, Farooq I, Oliver B, Pohida T, Salem G, Jacobson D, Andrews E, Barnard M, Čavoški A, Chaturvedi A, Colbourne JK, Epps DJT, Holden L, Jones MR, Li X, Müller F, Ormanin-Lewandowska A, Orsini L, Roberts R, Weber RJM, Zhou J, Chung ME, Sanchez JCG, Diwan GD, Singh G, Strähle U, Russell RB, Batista D, Sansone SA, Rocca-Serra P, Du Pasquier D, Lemkine G, Robin-Duchesne B, Tindall A. The Precision Toxicology Initiative. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00180-7. [PMID: 37211341 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of PrecisionTox is to overcome conceptual barriers to replacing traditional mammalian chemical safety testing by accelerating the discovery of evolutionarily conserved toxicity pathways that are shared by descent among humans and more distantly related animals. An international consortium is systematically testing the toxicological effects of a diverse set of chemicals on a suite of five model species comprising fruit flies, nematodes, water fleas, and embryos of clawed frogs and zebrafish along with human cell lines. Multiple forms of omics and comparative toxicology data are integrated to map the evolutionary origins of biomolecular interactions, which are predictive of adverse health effects, to major branches of the animal phylogeny. These conserved elements of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their biomarkers are expect to provide mechanistic insight useful for regulating groups of chemicals based on their shared modes of action. PrecisionTox also aims to quantify risk variation within populations by recognizing susceptibility as a heritable trait that varies with genetic diversity. This initiative incorporates legal experts and collaborates with risk managers to address specific needs within European chemicals legislation, including the uptake of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for setting precise regulatory limits on toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nico Grasse
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, DE
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Spirhanzlova P, Couderq S, Le Mével S, Leemans M, Krief S, Mughal BB, Demeneix BA, Fini JB. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Thyroid Hormone Axis and Brain Development in Xenopus laevis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 113:1298-1311. [PMID: 35753306 DOI: 10.1159/000525719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extensive use of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) throughout the world has brought increased scrutiny on its environmental and health impact. CPF is a cholinergic neurotoxicant; however, exposure to low noncholinergic doses is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental effects in animal models. In this study, we aimed to assess CPF for its potential to disrupt thyroid hormone signalling and investigate the short- and long-term effects on neurodevelopment by using Xenopus laevis. METHODS The thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting potential of CPF was assessed using TH-sensitive transgenic Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The consequences of early embryonic exposure were examined by exposing fertilized eggs for 72 h to environmentally relevant CPF concentrations (10-10 M and 10-8 M). Three endpoints were evaluated: (1) gene expression in whole embryonic brains immediately after exposure, (2) mobility and brain morphology 1 week after exposure, and (3) brain morphology and axon diameters at the end of metamorphosis (2 months after the exposure). RESULTS CPF disrupted TH signalling in Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The expression of genes klf9, cntn4, oatp1c1, and tubb2b was downregulated in response to CPF. Tadpoles exposed to CPF exhibited increased mobility and altered brain morphology compared to control tadpoles. Early embryonic exposure of CPF affected myelinated axon diameter, with exposed animals exhibiting shifted frequency distributions of myelinated axons diameters towards smaller diameters in the hindbrain of froglets. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study provides more evidence of the endocrine and neurodevelopment disrupting activity of CPF. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are warranted to determine the long-term consequences of early CPF exposure on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et d'Essais, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sébastian Le Mével
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Krief
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Bilal B Mughal
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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9
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Caporale N, Leemans M, Birgersson L, Germain PL, Cheroni C, Borbély G, Engdahl E, Lindh C, Bressan RB, Cavallo F, Chorev NE, D'Agostino GA, Pollard SM, Rigoli MT, Tenderini E, Tobon AL, Trattaro S, Troglio F, Zanella M, Bergman Å, Damdimopoulou P, Jönsson M, Kiess W, Kitraki E, Kiviranta H, Nånberg E, Öberg M, Rantakokko P, Rudén C, Söder O, Bornehag CG, Demeneix B, Fini JB, Gennings C, Rüegg J, Sturve J, Testa G. From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures. Science 2022; 375:eabe8244. [PMID: 35175820 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Caporale
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle Leemans
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41463 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Elin Engdahl
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesca Cavallo
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadav Even Chorev
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessandro D'Agostino
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Tullio Rigoli
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Tenderini
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lopez Tobon
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Troglio
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanella
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jönsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Efthymia Kitraki
- Lab of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Eewa Nånberg
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Christina Rudén
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE- 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chris Gennings
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41463 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
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10
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Li J, Li Y, Zhu M, Song S, Qin Z. A Multiwell-Based Assay for Screening Thyroid Hormone Signaling Disruptors Using thibz Expression as a Sensitive Endpoint in Xenopus laevis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030798. [PMID: 35164063 PMCID: PMC8838645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for rapidly screening thyroid hormone (TH) signaling disruptors in vivo considering the essential role of TH signaling in vertebrates. We aimed to establish a rapid in vivo screening assay using Xenopus laevis based on the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay we established previously, as well as the Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA). Stage 48 tadpoles were treated with a series of concentrations of T3 in 6-well plates for 24 h and the expression of six TH-response genes was analyzed for choosing a proper T3 concentration. Next, bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), two known TH signaling disruptors, were tested for determining the most sensitive TH-response gene, followed by the detection of several suspected TH signaling disruptors. We determined 1 nM as the induction concentration of T3 and thibz expression as the sensitive endpoint for detecting TH signaling disruptors given its highest response to T3, BPA, and TBBPA. And we identified betamipron as a TH signaling agonist, and 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) as a TH signaling antagonist. Overall, we developed a multiwell-based assay for rapidly screening TH signaling disruptors using thibz expression as a sensitive endpoint in X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6291-9177
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11
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Sheikh IA, Beg MA. Structural binding perspectives of common plasticizers and a flame retardant, BDE-153, against thyroxine-binding globulin: potential for endocrine disruption. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:841-851. [PMID: 34725837 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human exposure to diverse endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has increased dramatically over several decades with very adverse health effects. Plasticizers and flame retardants constitute important classes of EDCs interfering in endocrine physiology including the thyroid function. Thyroxine (T4) is an important hormone regulating metabolism and playing key roles in developmental processes. In this study, six phthalate and nonphthalate plasticizers and one flame retardant (BDE-153) were subjected to structural binding against thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). The aim was to understand their potential role in thyroid dysfunction using structural binding approach. The structural study was performed using Schrodinger's induced fit docking, followed by binding energy estimations of ligands and the molecular interaction analysis between the ligands and the amino acid residues in the TBG ligand-binding pocket. The results indicated that all the compounds packed tightly into the TBG ligand-binding pocket with similar binding pattern to that of TBG native ligand, T4. A high majority of TBG interacting amino acid residues for ligands showed commonality with native ligand, T4. The estimated binding energy values were highest for BDE-153 followed by nonphthalate plasticizer, DINCH, with values comparable with native ligand, T4. The estimated binding energy values of other plasticizers DEHP, DEHT, DEHA, ATBC, and TOTM were less than DINCH. In conclusion, the tight docking conformations, amino acid interactions, and binding energy values of the most of the indicated ligands were comparable with TBG native ligand, T4, suggesting their potential for thyroid dysfunction. The results revealed highest potential thyroid disruptive action for BDE-153 and DINCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amin Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Rousseau K, Dufour S, Sachs LM. Interdependence of Thyroid and Corticosteroid Signaling in Vertebrate Developmental Transitions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.735487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-embryonic acute developmental processes mainly allow the transition from one life stage in a specific ecological niche to the next life stage in a different ecological niche. Metamorphosis, an emblematic type of these post-embryonic developmental processes, has occurred repeatedly and independently in various phylogenetic groups throughout metazoan evolution, such as in cnidarian, insects, molluscs, tunicates, or vertebrates. This review will focus on metamorphoses and developmental transitions in vertebrates, including typical larval metamorphosis in anuran amphibians, larval and secondary metamorphoses in teleost fishes, egg hatching in sauropsids and birth in mammals. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in the regulation of these life transitions. The review will address the molecular and functional evolution of these axes and their interactions. Mechanisms of integration of internal and environmental cues, and activation of these neuroendocrine axes represent key questions in an “eco-evo-devo” perspective of metamorphosis. The roles played by developmental transitions in the innovation, adaptation, and plasticity of life cycles throughout vertebrates will be discussed. In the current context of global climate change and habitat destruction, the review will also address the impact of environmental factors, such as global warming and endocrine disruptors on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, and regulation of developmental transitions.
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13
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Wu H, Wang J, Xiang Y, Li L, Qie H, Ren M, Lin A, Qi F. Effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on the reproductive health of male rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146745. [PMID: 33794456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a type of brominated flame retardant widely detected in the environment and organisms. It has been reported to cause cytotoxicity and disrupt endocrine system of animals. However, the effect of TBBPA on the reproductive system of male rodents is still controversial. Hence, this meta-analysis aims to determine whether TBBPA exposure damage to the reproductive system of male rodents. In this study, a thorough search of literatures was undertaken to select papers published before December 1st, 2020. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by random model. The results showed a statistically significant association between TBBPA exposure and the reproductive system health of male rodents (SMD = -0.35, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.19). The SMD for the reproductive system index organ weight, sperm quality, hormone levels, and gene expression were 0.03 (95% CI -0.18 to 0.23), -0.47 (95% CI -0.78 to -0.16), -0.51 (95% CI -0.75 to -0.27), and -0.98 (95% CI -1.36 to -0.60), respectively. There was a significant dose-effect relationship between TBBPA exposure and the reproductive health of male rodents, with the SMD values of low, medium, and high doses -0.20 (95% CI -0.34 to -0.05), -0.24 (95% CI -0.56 to 0.07), and -0.48 (95% CI -0.83 to -0.13), respectively. For exposure duration of TBBPA, an exposure time of >10 weeks (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.12) showed more significant effect than an exposure time of ≤10 weeks (SMD = -0.22, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.02). Moreover, TBBPA exposure exhibited significant negative effects on sperm count (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.17) while also reduced the content of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) hormones. To summarize, our meta-analysis indicated that TBBPA had a toxicity effect to the reproductive system of male rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jinhang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ying Xiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, ATC Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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14
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Stavreva DA, Collins M, McGowan A, Varticovski L, Raziuddin R, Brody DO, Zhao J, Lee J, Kuehn R, Dehareng E, Mazza N, Pegoraro G, Hager GL. Mapping multiple endocrine disrupting activities in Virginia rivers using effect-based assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145602. [PMID: 33592464 PMCID: PMC8026610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Water sources are frequently contaminated with natural and anthropogenic substances having known or suspected endocrine disrupting activities; however, these activities are not routinely measured and monitored. Phenotypic bioassays are a promising new approach for detection and quantitation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We developed cell lines expressing fluorescent chimeric constructs capable of detecting environmental contaminants which interact with multiple nuclear receptors. Using these assays, we tested water samples collected in the summers of 2016, 2017 and 2018 from two major Virginia rivers. Samples were concentrated 200× and screened for contaminants interacting with the androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and thyroid receptors. Among 45 tested sites, over 70% had AR activity and 60% had AhR activity. Many sites were also positive for GR and TRβ activation (22% and 42%, respectively). Multiple sites were positive for more than one type of contaminants, indicating presence of complex mixtures. These activities may negatively impact river ecosystems and consequently human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Michael Collins
- Center for Natural Capital, PO Box 901, Orange, VA, United States
| | - Andrew McGowan
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Razi Raziuddin
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Owen Brody
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Jerry Zhao
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Johnna Lee
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Riley Kuehn
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Elisabeth Dehareng
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Nicholas Mazza
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Walt Whitman High School, 7100 Whittier Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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15
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Soto AM, Schaeberle CM, Sonnenschein C. From Wingspread to CLARITY: a personal trajectory. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:247-256. [PMID: 33514909 PMCID: PMC9662687 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the three decades since endocrine disruption was conceptualized at the Wingspread Conference, we have witnessed the growth of this multidisciplinary field and the accumulation of evidence showing the deleterious health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. It is only within the past decade that, albeit slowly, some changes regarding regulatory measures have taken place. In this Perspective, we address some historical points regarding the advent of the endocrine disruption field and the conceptual changes that endocrine disruption brought about. We also provide our personal recollection of the events triggered by our serendipitous discovery of oestrogenic activity in plastic, a founder event in the field of endocrine disruption. This recollection ends with the CLARITY study as an example of a discordance between 'science for its own sake' and 'regulatory science' and leads us to offer a perspective that could be summarized by the motto attributed to Ludwig Boltzmann: "Nothing is more practical than a good theory".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Cheryl M Schaeberle
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Walter KM, Singh L, Singh V, Lein PJ. Investigation of NH3 as a selective thyroid hormone receptor modulator in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:96-104. [PMID: 33745965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for normal vertebrate development and diverse environmental chemicals are hypothesized to cause developmental toxicity by disrupting TH-mediated signaling. The larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging in vivo model of developmental TH disruption; however, the effects of TR antagonism have not yet been studied in zebrafish. NH3, generally considered a potent and specific thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonist, has been used in rodents and Xenopus laevis to characterize phenotypes of TR antagonism. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of NH3 on endpoints previously determined to be TH-sensitive in larval zebrafish, specifically teratology and mortality, photomotor behavior, and mRNA expression of TH signaling genes. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to NH3 via static waterborne exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 10 μM beginning at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) through 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Significant mortality and teratogenesis was observed at 3, 4, and 5 dpf in zebrafish exposed to NH3 at 10 μM. At concentrations that did not cause significant mortality, NH3 did not exert a consistent antagonistic effect on photomotor behavior assays or mRNA expression when administered alone or in the presence of exogenous T4. Rather, depending on the NH3 concentration and larval age NH3 decreased or increased swimming triggered by transition from light to dark. Similarly, inconsistent antagonistic and agonistic effects on mRNA expression of TH signaling genes were noted following treatment with NH3 alone. NH3 did inhibit T4 (30 nM)-induced gene expression; however, this was only consistently observed at a concentration of NH3 (10 μM) that also caused significant mortality. Collectively, these results suggest that NH3 does not act solely as a TR antagonist in larval zebrafish, but instead exhibits complex modulatory effects on TR activity. These data support the hypothesis that NH3 is a selective thyroid hormone receptor modulator. Further studies of NH3 interactions with the zebrafish thyroid hormone receptor are required to characterize the activity of NH3 in target tissues of the larval zebrafish at the molecular level, highlighting the importance of characterizing NH3 effects in specific models of TH-disruption to better interpret its actions in mechanistic screens of environmental chemicals for TH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla M Walter
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Latika Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
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17
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Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Rosenmai AK, Mustieles V, Couderq S, Fini JB, Vela-Soria F, Molina-Molina JM, Ferrando-Marco P, Wielsøe M, Long M, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Olea N, Vinggaard AM, Fernández MF. Assessment of chemical mixtures using biomarkers of combined biological activity: A screening study in human placentas. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:143-154. [PMID: 33444715 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans are simultaneously exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals with limited knowledge on potential health effects, therefore improved tools for assessing these mixtures are needed. As part of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Project, we aimed to examine the combined biological activity of chemical mixtures extracted from human placentas using one in vivo and four in vitro bioassays, also known as biomarkers of combined effect. Relevant endocrine activities (proliferative and/or reporter gene assays) and four endpoints were tested: the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activities, as well as thyroid hormone (TH) signaling. Correlations among bioassays and their functional shapes were evaluated. Results showed that all placental extracts agonized or antagonized at least three of the abovementioned endpoints. Most placentas induced ER-mediated transactivation and ER-dependent cell proliferation, together with a strong inhibition of TH signaling and the AR transactivity; while the induction of the AhR was found in only one placental extract. The effects in the two estrogenic bioassays were positively and significantly correlated and the AR-antagonism activity showed a positive borderline-significant correlation with both estrogenic bioassay activities. However, the in vivo anti-thyroid activities of placental extracts were not correlated with any of the tested in vitro assays. Findings highlight the importance of comprehensively mapping the biological effects of "real-world" chemical mixtures present in human samples, through a battery of in vitro and in vivo bioassays. This approach should be a complementary tool for epidemiological studies to further elucidate the combined biological fingerprint triggered by chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain.
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Physiologie moléculaire et Adaptation, Département "Adaptation du Vivant," UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Physiologie moléculaire et Adaptation, Département "Adaptation du Vivant," UMR 7221 MNHN/CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Molina-Molina
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | | | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jorgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Nicolás Olea
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain.
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18
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Couderq S, Leemans M, Fini JB. Testing for thyroid hormone disruptors, a review of non-mammalian in vivo models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 508:110779. [PMID: 32147522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in profound changes in many vertebrates, notably in mammalian neurodevelopment, although the precise molecular mechanisms of these fundamental biological processes are still being unravelled. Environmental and health concerns prompted the development of chemical safety testing and, in the context of endocrine disruption, identification of thyroid hormone axis disrupting chemicals (THADCs) remains particularly challenging. As various molecules are known to interfere with different levels of TH signalling, screening tests for THADCs may not rely solely on in vitro ligand/receptor binding to TH receptors. Therefore, alternatives to mammalian in vivo assays featuring TH-related endpoints that are more sensitive than circulatory THs and more rapid than thyroid histopathology are needed to fulfil the ambition of higher throughput screening of the myriad of environmental chemicals. After a detailed introduction of the context, we have listed current assays and parameters to assess thyroid disruption following a literature search of recent publications referring to non-mammalian models. Potential THADCs were mostly investigated in zebrafish and the frog Xenopus laevis, an amphibian model extensively used to study TH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Couderq
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
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19
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Following Endocrine-Disrupting Effects on Gene Expression in Xenopus laevis. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:pdb.prot098301. [PMID: 30042138 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot098301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), found in all categories of chemicals, are suspected to be a cause of declining well-being and human health, both as single molecules and as mixtures. It is therefore necessary to develop high throughput methods to assess the endocrine-disrupting potential of multiple chemicals currently on the market that are as yet untested. An advantage of in vivo chemical screening is that it provides a full spectrum of physiological impacts exerted by a given chemical. Xenopus laevis is an ideal model organism to test thyroid axis disruption in vivo as thyroid hormones (THs) are highly conserved across vertebrates and orchestrate tadpole metamorphosis. In particular, NF stage 45 Xenopus laevis are most apt for in vivo screening as at this stage the tadpoles possess all the main elements of thyroid hormone signaling (thyroid receptors, deiodinases transporters) and are metabolically competent, while fitting into multiple well plates, allowing the use of small amounts of test chemicals. One way to assess the endocrine-disrupting potential of chemicals or mixtures thereof is to analyze gene expression in organisms after a short time exposure to the chemical(s). Here we describe a protocol using Xenopus laevis embryos to detect endocrine disruption of the thyroid axis by analysis of gene expression and an alternative protocol for fluorescence read-out using a transgenic GFP-expressing Xenopus laevis line. Taken together, these methods allow detection of subtle changes in TH signaling by EDCs that either activate or inhibit TH signaling in vivo.
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20
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Carlsson G, Pohl J, Athanassiadis I, Norrgren L, Weiss J. Thyroid disruption properties of three indoor dust chemicals tested in Silurana tropicalis tadpoles. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1248-1256. [PMID: 31066086 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Indoor dust contains a multitude of industrial chemicals, and ingestion of dust is considered an important exposure route to organic contaminants. Some of these contaminants have been shown to interfere with the thyroid system, which may result in significant consequences on public health. The amphibian metamorphosis is a thyroid hormone-dependent process, which can be used as an in vivo model for studies on thyroid hormone-disrupting potency. Three contaminants of indoor dust were tested on metamorphosing Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis tadpoles. The tested chemicals were Tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCiPP), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and propylparaben (PrP). Measurements reflecting general growth, development progress and thyroid epithelial cell height were performed on the exposed tadpoles as well as chemical analyses of the exposure water. It was shown that TDCiPP acts as a thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical in metamorphosing tadpoles by causing increased epithelial cell height in thyroid glands after exposure to a nominal concentration of 0.010 mg/L and in higher concentrations. TBBPA caused reductions in general growth of tadpoles at the nominal concentration 0.125 mg/L, and PrP caused acute toxicity at the nominal concentration 12.5 mg/L. However, no evident indications of specific thyroid-disrupting effects caused by TBBPA or PrP were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Norrgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Campbell DEK, Langlois VS. Thyroid hormones and androgens differentially regulate gene expression in testes and ovaries of sexually mature Silurana tropicalis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:172-182. [PMID: 29990494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of ex vivo exposures using testicular and ovarian tissues of sexually mature Western clawed frogs (Silurana tropicalis) were designed to examine molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone (TH) and androgen crosstalk sans hypophyseal feedback as well as investigate potential sex-specific differences. Tissues were exposed ex vivo to either triiodothyronine (T3), iopanoic acid (IOP), one co-treatment of IOP + 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), 5α-DHT, 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT), or testosterone (T). Direct exposure to different androgens led to androgen specific increases in thyroid receptor and deiodinase transcripts in testes (trβ and dio1) but a decrease in expression in ovaries (trβ and dio3), suggesting that male and female frogs can be differently affected by androgenic compounds. Moreover, exposure to select androgens differentially increased estrogen-related transcription (estrogen receptor alpha (erα) and aromatase (cyp19)) and production (estradiol) in ovaries and testes indicating the activation of alternate metabolic pathways yielding estrogenic metabolites. Sex-steroid-related transcription (i.e., steroid 5α-reductase type 2 (srd5α2) and erα) and production (i.e., 5α-DHT) were also differentially regulated by THs. The presence and frequency of transcription factor binding sites in the putative promoter regions of TH- and sex steroid-related genes were also examined in S. tropicalis, rodent, and fish models using in silico analysis. In summary, this study provides an improved mechanistic understanding of TH- and androgen-mediated actions and reveals differential transcriptional effects as a function of sex in frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E K Campbell
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Biology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS) - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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22
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An automated screening method for detecting compounds with goitrogenic activity using transgenic zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203087. [PMID: 30157258 PMCID: PMC6114901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on environmentally relevant chemicals that may interfere with thyroid signaling is scarce. Here, we present a method for the screening of goitrogens, compounds that disrupt the thyroid gland function, based on the automatic orientation of zebrafish in a glass capillary and a subsequent imaging of reporter gene fluorescence in the thyroid gland of embryos of the transgenic zebrafish line tg(tg:mCherry). The tg(tg:mCherry) reporter gene indicates a compensatory upregulation of thyroglobulin, the thyroid hormone precursor, in response to inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis. Fish embryos were exposed to a negative control compound (3,4-dichloroaniline), or a concentration series of known goitrogenic compounds (resorcinol, methimazole, potassium perchlorate, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, ethylenethiourea, phloroglucinol, pyrazole) with maximum exposure concentration selected based on mortality and/or solubility. Exposure to 3,4-dichloroaniline decreased the fluorescence signal. All goitrogenic compounds exhibited clear concentration-dependent inductions of reporter fluorescence 1.4 to 2.6 fold above control levels. Concentration-response modelling was used to calculate goitrogenic potencies based on EC50 values. The new automated method offers an efficient screening approach for goitrogenic activity.
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23
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Escher BI, Aїt-Aїssa S, Behnisch PA, Brack W, Brion F, Brouwer A, Buchinger S, Crawford SE, Du Pasquier D, Hamers T, Hettwer K, Hilscherová K, Hollert H, Kase R, Kienle C, Tindall AJ, Tuerk J, van der Oost R, Vermeirssen E, Neale PA. Effect-based trigger values for in vitro and in vivo bioassays performed on surface water extracts supporting the environmental quality standards (EQS) of the European Water Framework Directive. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:748-765. [PMID: 29454215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effect-based methods including cell-based bioassays, reporter gene assays and whole-organism assays have been applied for decades in water quality monitoring and testing of enriched solid-phase extracts. There is no common EU-wide agreement on what level of bioassay response in water extracts is acceptable. At present, bioassay results are only benchmarked against each other but not against a consented measure of chemical water quality. The EU environmental quality standards (EQS) differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable surface water concentrations for individual chemicals but cannot capture the thousands of chemicals in water and their biological action as mixtures. We developed a method that reads across from existing EQS and includes additional mixture considerations with the goal that the derived effect-based trigger values (EBT) indicate acceptable risk for complex mixtures as they occur in surface water. Advantages and limitations of various approaches to read across from EQS are discussed and distilled to an algorithm that translates EQS into their corresponding bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ). The proposed EBT derivation method was applied to 48 in vitro bioassays with 32 of them having sufficient information to yield preliminary EBTs. To assess the practicability and robustness of the proposed approach, we compared the tentative EBTs with observed environmental effects. The proposed method only gives guidance on how to derive EBTs but does not propose final EBTs for implementation. The EBTs for some bioassays such as those for estrogenicity are already mature and could be implemented into regulation in the near future, while for others it will still take a few iterations until we can be confident of the power of the proposed EBTs to differentiate good from poor water quality with respect to chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Selim Aїt-Aїssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - François Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Sarah E Crawford
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- Laboratoire Watchfrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91 000 Evry, France
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, D-47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ron van der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Vermeirssen
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
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24
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Ghassabian A, Trasande L. Disruption in Thyroid Signaling Pathway: A Mechanism for the Effect of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Child Neurodevelopment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29760680 PMCID: PMC5936967 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are crucial in normal brain development. Transient and mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in pregnancy is also associated with impaired neurodevelopment in the offspring (e.g., 3-4 IQ score loss in association with maternal free thyroxine in the lowest fifth percentile). While inadequate iodine intake remains the most common underlying cause of mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in vulnerable populations including pregnant women, other factors such as exposure to environmental contaminants have recently attracted increasing attention, in particular in interaction with iodine deficiency. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural and synthetic substances with ubiquitous exposure in children and adults including pregnant women. EDCs interfere, temporarily or permanently, with hormonal signaling pathways in the endocrine system by binding to hormone receptors and modifying gene expression. Other mechanisms involve alterations in production, metabolism, and transfer of hormones. Experimental studies have shown that exposures to EDCs affect various brain processes such as neurogenesis, neural differentiation and migration, as well as neural connectivity. Neuroimaging studies confirm brain morphological abnormalities (e.g., cortical thinning) consistent with neurodevelopmental impairments as a result of EDC exposures at standard use levels. In this review, we provide an overview of present findings from toxicological and human studies on the anti-thyroid effect of EDCs with a specific attention to fetal and early childhood exposure. This brief overview highlights the need for additional multidisciplinary studies with a focus on thyroid disruption as an underlying mechanism for developmental neurotoxicity of EDC, which can provide insight into modifiable risk factors of developmental delays in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- NYU Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, United States
- NYU College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Le Blay K, Préau L, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix B. Expression of the inactivating deiodinase, Deiodinase 3, in the pre-metamorphic tadpole retina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195374. [PMID: 29641587 PMCID: PMC5895027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) orchestrates amphibian metamorphosis. Thus, this developmental phase is often used to study TH-dependent responses in specific tissues. However, TH signaling appears early in development raising the question of the control of TH availability in specific cell types prior to metamorphosis. TH availability is under strict temporal and tissue-specific control by deiodinases. We examined the expression of the TH-inactivating enzyme, deiodinase type 3 (D3), during early retinal development. To this end we created a Xenopus laevis transgenic line expressing GFP from the Xenopus dio3 promoter region (pdio3) and followed pdio3-GFP expression in pre-metamorphic tadpoles. To validate retinal GFP expression in the transgenic line as a function of dio3 promoter activity, we used in situ hybridization to compare endogenous dio3 expression to reporter-driven GFP activity. Retinal expression of dio3 increased during pre-metamorphosis through stages NF41, 45 and 48. Both sets of results show dio3 to have cell-specific, dynamic expression in the pre-metamorphic retina. At stage NF48, dio3 expression co-localised with markers for photoreceptors, rods, Opsin-S cones and bipolar neurons. In contrast, in post-metamorphic juveniles dio3 expression was reduced and spatially confined to certain photoreceptors and amacrine cells. We compared dio3 expression at stages NF41 and NF48 with TH-dependent transcriptional responses using another transgenic reporter line: THbZIP-GFP and by analyzing the expression of T3-regulated genes in distinct TH availability contexts. At stage NF48, the majority of retinal cells expressing dio3 were negative for T3 signaling. Notably, most ganglion cells were virtually both dio3-free and T3-responsive. The results show that dio3 can reduce TH availability at the cellular scale. Further, a reduction in dio3 expression can trigger fine-tuned T3 action in cell-type specific maturation at the right time, as exemplified here in photoreceptor survival in the pre-metamorphic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Le Blay
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Préau
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-und Entwicklungsbiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ghislaine Morvan-Dubois
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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26
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Chen X, Li Y, Zhu M, Qin Z. An ex vivo assay for screening glucocorticoid signaling disruption based on glucocorticoid-response gene transcription in Xenopus tails. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:104-112. [PMID: 29628076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for developing in vivo or ex vivo assays to screen the glucocorticoid (GC) signaling disruption of chemicals. Thus, we aimed to establish an ex vivo assay for screening GC signaling disruption based on the GC-response gene transcription in Xenopus laevis tails cultured ex vivo. Firstly, we investigated effects of corticosterone (CORT, a main GC in frogs) on GC-response gene expression, and determined the six genes as molecular endpoints for assaying the GC signaling disruption. CORT in the range of 1.56-400nmol/L was found to up-regulate transcription of the six GC-response genes, exhibiting comparable or higher sensitivity than previously reported assays. To validate this ex vivo assay, then, we examined effects of dexamethasone (a known GC signaling agonist) on GC-response gene expression. Dexamethasone displayed an agonistic action in a concentration-dependent manner, further demonstrating the efficiency of the established assay. Finally, we applied the ex vivo assay to evaluate the GC signaling disruption of bisphenol A (BPA). In accordance with previous reports, we found a concentration-dependent agonistic activity of BPA, showing that the established assay is effective for detecting the GC signaling disrupting activity of environmental chemicals. Correspondingly, the GC signaling agonistic actions of CORT and BPA in ex vivo tails accorded with the observations in vivo, indicating that the ex vivo assay is able to detect the actions of chemicals in vivo. Overall, we established an ex vivo assay that can effectively screen GC signaling disruption of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Leusch FDL, Aneck-Hahn NH, Cavanagh JAE, Du Pasquier D, Hamers T, Hebert A, Neale PA, Scheurer M, Simmons SO, Schriks M. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo bioassays to measure thyroid hormone disrupting activity in water extracts. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:868-875. [PMID: 29107228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals can induce thyroid disruption through a number of mechanisms including altered thyroid hormone biosynthesis and transport, as well as activation and inhibition of the thyroid receptor. In the current study six in vitro bioassays indicative of different mechanisms of thyroid disruption and one whole animal in vivo assay were applied to 9 model compounds and 4 different water samples (treated wastewater, surface water, drinking water and ultra-pure lab water; both unspiked and spiked with model compounds) to determine their ability to detect thyroid active compounds. Most assays correctly identified and quantified the model compounds as agonists or antagonists, with the reporter gene assays being the most sensitive. However, the reporter gene assays did not detect significant thyroid activity in any of the water samples, suggesting that activation or inhibition of the thyroid hormone receptor is not a relevant mode of action for thyroid endocrine disruptors in water. The thyroperoxidase (TPO) inhibition assay and transthyretin (TTR) displacement assay (FITC) detected activity in the surface water and treated wastewater samples, but more work is required to assess if this activity is a true measure of thyroid activity or matrix interference. The whole animal Xenopus Embryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA) detected some activity in the unspiked surface water and treated wastewater extracts, but not in unspiked drinking water, and appears to be a suitable assay to detect thyroid activity in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Natalie H Aneck-Hahn
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Armelle Hebert
- Veolia Research & Innovation, 78600, Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW - Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str.84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steven O Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States
| | - Merijn Schriks
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Vitens Drinking Water Company, 8019 BE, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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28
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Mughal BB, Demeneix BA, Fini JB. Evaluating Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals In Vivo Using Xenopus laevis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1801:183-192. [PMID: 29892825 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7902-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Using in vivo animal model systems for chemical screening can permit evaluation of the signaling pathways implicated. Xenopus laevis is an ideal model organism to test thyroid axis disruption as thyroid hormones are highly conserved across vertebrates. Here, we describe a high-throughput assay using non-feeding embryonic stage transgenic X. laevis (TH/bZip) to screen for thyroid disrupting chemicals using a 3 day exposure protocol. We further describe a protocol to detect endocrine disruption of thyroid axis by the analysis of gene expression using wild-type X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal B Mughal
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département "Adaptation du Vivant", UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle /CNRS, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département "Adaptation du Vivant", UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle /CNRS, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département "Adaptation du Vivant", UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle /CNRS, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
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Gothié JD, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Comparative approaches to understanding thyroid hormone regulation of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:104-115. [PMID: 28545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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Välitalo P, Massei R, Heiskanen I, Behnisch P, Brack W, Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D, Küster E, Mikola A, Schulze T, Sillanpää M. Effect-based assessment of toxicity removal during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 126:153-163. [PMID: 28941401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters contain complex mixtures of chemicals, which can cause adverse toxic effects in the receiving environment. In the present study, the toxicity removal during wastewater treatment at seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was investigated using an effect-based approach. A battery of eight bioassays was applied comprising of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption and fish embryo toxicity assays. Human cell-based CALUX assays, transgenic larval models and the fish embryo toxicity test were particularly sensitive to WWTP effluents. The results indicate that most effects were significantly reduced or completely removed during wastewater treatment (76-100%), while embryo toxicity, estrogenic activity and thyroid disruption were still detectable in the effluents suggesting that some harmful substances remain after treatment. The responsiveness of the bioassays was compared and the human cell-based CALUX assays showed highest responsiveness in the samples. Additionally, the fish embryo toxicity test and the transgenic larval models for endocrine disrupting effects showed high responsiveness at low sample concentrations in nearly all of the effluent samples. The results showed a similar effect pattern among all WWTPs investigated, indicating that the wastewater composition could be rather similar at different locations. There were no considerable differences in the toxicity removal efficiencies of the treatment plants and no correlation was observed with WWTP characteristics, such as process configuration or sludge age. This study demonstrated that a biotest battery comprising of multiple endpoints can serve as a powerful tool when assessing water quality or water treatment efficiency in a holistic manner. Rather than analyzing the concentrations of a few selected chemicals, bioassays can be used to complement traditional methods of monitoring in the future by assessing sum-parameter based effects, such as mixture effects, and tackling chemicals that are present at concentrations below chemical analytical detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Välitalo
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland; Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Riccardo Massei
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ilse Heiskanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Eberhard Küster
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Mikola
- Aalto University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tietotie 1E, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Sillanpää
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Hakuninmaantie 6, 00430, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Tousova Z, Oswald P, Slobodnik J, Blaha L, Muz M, Hu M, Brack W, Krauss M, Di Paolo C, Tarcai Z, Seiler TB, Hollert H, Koprivica S, Ahel M, Schollée JE, Hollender J, Suter MJF, Hidasi AO, Schirmer K, Sonavane M, Ait-Aissa S, Creusot N, Brion F, Froment J, Almeida AC, Thomas K, Tollefsen KE, Tufi S, Ouyang X, Leonards P, Lamoree M, Torrens VO, Kolkman A, Schriks M, Spirhanzlova P, Tindall A, Schulze T. European demonstration program on the effect-based and chemical identification and monitoring of organic pollutants in European surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28629112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern about the adverse environmental and human health effects of a wide range of micropollutants requires the development of novel tools and approaches to enable holistic monitoring of their occurrence, fate and effects in the aquatic environment. A European-wide demonstration program (EDP) for effect-based monitoring of micropollutants in surface waters was carried out within the Marie Curie Initial Training Network EDA-EMERGE. The main objectives of the EDP were to apply a simplified protocol for effect-directed analysis, to link biological effects to target compounds and to estimate their risk to aquatic biota. Onsite large volume solid phase extraction of 50 L of surface water was performed at 18 sampling sites in four European river basins. Extracts were subjected to effect-based analysis (toxicity to algae, fish embryo toxicity, neurotoxicity, (anti-)estrogenicity, (anti-)androgenicity, glucocorticoid activity and thyroid activity), to target analysis (151 organic micropollutants) and to nontarget screening. The most pronounced effects were estrogenicity, toxicity to algae and fish embryo toxicity. In most bioassays, major portions of the observed effects could not be explained by target compounds, especially in case of androgenicity, glucocorticoid activity and fish embryo toxicity. Estrone and nonylphenoxyacetic acid were identified as the strongest contributors to estrogenicity, while herbicides, with a minor contribution from other micropollutants, were linked to the observed toxicity to algae. Fipronil and nonylphenol were partially responsible for the fish embryo toxicity. Within the EDP, 21 target compounds were prioritized on the basis of their frequency and extent of exceedance of predicted no effect concentrations. The EDP priority list included 6 compounds, which are already addressed by European legislation, and 15 micropollutants that may be important for future monitoring of surface waters. The study presents a novel simplified protocol for effect-based monitoring and draws a comprehensive picture of the surface water status across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tousova
- Environmental Institute (EI), Okruzna 784/42, 972 41 Kos, Slovak Republic; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Oswald
- Environmental Institute (EI), Okruzna 784/42, 972 41 Kos, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Slobodnik
- Environmental Institute (EI), Okruzna 784/42, 972 41 Kos, Slovak Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Melis Muz
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Meng Hu
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina Di Paolo
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Zsolt Tarcai
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sanja Koprivica
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Ahel
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jennifer E Schollée
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita O Hidasi
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manoj Sonavane
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité ECOT, Parc ALATA - BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité ECOT, Parc ALATA - BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité ECOT, Parc ALATA - BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Francois Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité ECOT, Parc ALATA - BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean Froment
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadallèen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Catarina Almeida
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadallèen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadallèen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Keesels Road, Coopers Plains 4108, Australia
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadallèen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science & Technology, Dept. for Environmental Sciences, Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sara Tufi
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiyu Ouyang
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Osorio Torrens
- KWR, Watercycle Research Institute, Department of Chemical Water, Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Kolkman
- KWR, Watercycle Research Institute, Department of Chemical Water, Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn Schriks
- KWR, Watercycle Research Institute, Department of Chemical Water, Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Vitens drinking water company, P.O Box 1205, 8001 BE Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew Tindall
- WatchFrog S. A., 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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32
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NTP Research Report on Biological Activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) Structural Analogues and Functional Alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.22427/ntp-rr-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Neale PA, Altenburger R, Aït-Aïssa S, Brion F, Busch W, de Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Denison MS, Du Pasquier D, Hilscherová K, Hollert H, Morales DA, Novák J, Schlichting R, Seiler TB, Serra H, Shao Y, Tindall AJ, Tollefsen KE, Williams TD, Escher BI. Development of a bioanalytical test battery for water quality monitoring: Fingerprinting identified micropollutants and their contribution to effects in surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:734-750. [PMID: 28728110 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters can contain a diverse range of organic pollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial compounds. While bioassays have been used for water quality monitoring, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of individual micropollutants and their relationship to the overall mixture effect in water samples. In this study, a battery of in vitro bioassays based on human and fish cell lines and whole organism assays using bacteria, algae, daphnids and fish embryos was assembled for use in water quality monitoring. The selection of bioassays was guided by the principles of adverse outcome pathways in order to cover relevant steps in toxicity pathways known to be triggered by environmental water samples. The effects of 34 water pollutants, which were selected based on hazard quotients, available environmental quality standards and mode of action information, were fingerprinted in the bioassay test battery. There was a relatively good agreement between the experimental results and available literature effect data. The majority of the chemicals were active in the assays indicative of apical effects, while fewer chemicals had a response in the specific reporter gene assays, but these effects were typically triggered at lower concentrations. The single chemical effect data were used to improve published mixture toxicity modeling of water samples from the Danube River. While there was a slight increase in the fraction of the bioanalytical equivalents explained for the Danube River samples, for some endpoints less than 1% of the observed effect could be explained by the studied chemicals. The new mixture models essentially confirmed previous findings from many studies monitoring water quality using both chemical analysis and bioanalytical tools. In short, our results indicate that many more chemicals contribute to the biological effect than those that are typically quantified by chemical monitoring programs or those regulated by environmental quality standards. This study not only demonstrates the utility of fingerprinting single chemicals for an improved understanding of the biological effect of pollutants, but also highlights the need to apply bioassays for water quality monitoring in order to prevent underestimation of the overall biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Selim Aït-Aïssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - David Du Pasquier
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel A Morales
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Jiří Novák
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helene Serra
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrog, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Beate I Escher
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Spirhanzlova P, De Groef B, Nicholson FE, Grommen SVH, Marras G, Sébillot A, Demeneix BA, Pallud-Mothré S, Lemkine GF, Tindall AJ, Du Pasquier D. Using short-term bioassays to evaluate the endocrine disrupting capacity of the pesticides linuron and fenoxycarb. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28634053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several short-term whole-organism bioassays based on transgenic aquatic models are now under validation by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) to become standardized test guidelines for the evaluation of the endocrine activity of substances. Evaluation of the endocrine disrupting capacity of pesticides will be a domain of applicability of these future reference tests. The herbicide linuron and the insecticide fenoxycarb are two chemicals commonly used in agricultural practices. While numerous studies indicate that linuron is likely to be an endocrine disruptor, there is little information available on the effect of fenoxycarb on vertebrate endocrine systems. Using whole-organism bioassays based on transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles and medaka fry we assessed the potential of fenoxycarb and linuron to disrupt thyroid, androgen and estrogen signaling. In addition we used in silico approach to simulate the affinity of these two pesticides to human hormone receptors. Linuron elicited thyroid hormone-like activity in tadpoles at all concentrations tested and, showed an anti-estrogenic activity in medaka at concentrations 2.5mg/L and higher. Our experiments suggest that, in addition to its previously established anti-androgenic action, linuron exhibits thyroid hormone-like responses, as well as acting at the estrogen receptor level to inhibit estrogen signaling. Fenoxycarb on the other hand, did not cause any changes in thyroid, androgen or estrogen signaling at the concentrations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France; UMR CNRS 5166, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Department of Regulation, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Freda E Nicholson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Giulia Marras
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR CNRS 5166, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Department of Regulation, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Gregory F Lemkine
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France
| | - David Du Pasquier
- Laboratoire WatchFrog S.A., 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Évry, France.
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35
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Ikegami K, Yoshimura T. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:475-485. [PMID: 29223282 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for development, growth, and metabolism. It is also clear that the synthesis and secretion of TH are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Animal models have helped advance our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of TH. The animals' bodies develop through coordinated timing of cell division and differentiation. Studies of frog metamorphosis led to the discovery of TH and their role in development. However, to adapt to rhythmic environmental changes, animals also developed various endocrine rhythms. Studies of rodents clarified the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of the HPT axis. Moreover, birds have a sophisticated seasonal adaptation mechanism, and recent studies of quail revealed unexpected roles for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH in the seasonal regulation of reproduction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in mammals. Thus, we review how animal studies have shaped our general understanding of the HPT axis in relation to biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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36
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Delbaere J, Van Herck SLJ, Bourgeois NMA, Vancamp P, Yang S, Wingate RJT, Darras VM. Mosaic Expression of Thyroid Hormone Regulatory Genes Defines Cell Type-Specific Dependency in the Developing Chicken Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 15:710-725. [PMID: 26559893 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is a morphologically unique brain structure that requires thyroid hormones (THs) for the correct coordination of key cellular events driving its development. Unravelling the interplay between the multiple factors that can regulate intracellular TH levels is a key step to understanding their role in the regulation of these cellular processes. We therefore investigated the regional/cell-specific expression pattern of TH transporters and deiodinases in the cerebellum using the chicken embryo as a model. In situ hybridisation revealed expression of the TH transporters monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and 10 (MCT10), L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1) as well as the inactivating type 3 deiodinase (D3) in the fourth ventricle choroid plexus, suggesting a possible contribution of the resulting proteins to TH exchange and subsequent inactivation of excess hormone at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Exclusive expression of LAT1 and the activating type 2 deiodinase (D2) mRNA was found at the level of the blood-brain barrier, suggesting a concerted function for LAT1 and D2 in the direct access of active T3 to the developing cerebellum via the capillary endothelial cells. The presence of MCT8 mRNA in Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei during the first 2 weeks of embryonic development points to a potential role of this transporter in the uptake of T3 in central neurons. At later stages, together with MCT10, detection of MCT8 signal in close association with the Purkinje cell dendritic tree suggests a role of both transporters in TH signalling during Purkinje cell synaptogenesis. MCT10 was also expressed in late-born cells in the rhombic lip lineage with a clear hybridisation signal in the outer external granular layer, indicating a potential role for MCT10 in the proliferation of granule cell precursors. By contrast, expression of D3 in the first-born rhombic lip-derived population may serve as a buffering mechanism against high T3 levels during early embryonic development, a hypothesis supported by the pattern of expression of a fluorescent TH reporter in this lineage. Overall, this study builds a picture of the TH dependency in multiple cerebellar cell types starting from early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Delbaere
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, P.O. Box 2464, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn L J Van Herck
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, P.O. Box 2464, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele M A Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, P.O. Box 2464, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, P.O. Box 2464, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuo Yang
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J T Wingate
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, P.O. Box 2464, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mengeling BJ, Wei Y, Dobrawa LN, Streekstra M, Louisse J, Singh V, Singh L, Lein PJ, Wulff H, Murk AJ, Furlow JD. A multi-tiered, in vivo, quantitative assay suite for environmental disruptors of thyroid hormone signaling. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:1-10. [PMID: 28662416 PMCID: PMC5558850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in mammalian development warrants the examination of man-made chemicals for its disruption. Among vertebrate species, the molecular components of TH signaling are highly conserved, including the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), their heterodimer binding partners the retinoid-X receptors (RXRs), and their DNA recognition sequences (TREs). This molecular conservation allows examination of potential TH disruption in the tractable, in vivo model system of amphibian metamorphosis. Metamorphosis requires TH signaling for both instigation and progression, and it provides dramatic and well-characterized phenotypes involving different cell fates. Here we describe a quantitative, precocious-metamorphosis assay suite we developed using one-week post-fertilization (PF) Xenopus laevis tadpoles in order to assess disruption of TH signaling. Tadpoles at this developmental stage (Nieuwkoop-Faber (NF)-48) are competent to respond to TH hormone, although not yet producing TH, along many metamorphic pathways, and they are uniform in size. This allowed us to quantify changes in morphology associated with natural metamorphosis (e.g. gill and tail resorption, brain expansion, and craniofacial remodeling) after five days of treatment. Using the same tadpoles from morphological measurements, we quantified a 20-fold increase in TH-induced cellular proliferation in the rostral head region by whole-mount immunocytochemistry. At the molecular level, we used F3-generation tadpoles from a transgenic X. laevis line, which expresses luciferase under the control of a native TRE, to assess the ability of compounds to disrupt TR function. The luciferase reporter showed over 10-fold activation by physiologic concentrations of TH. We used the synthetic TR antagonist NH-3 to demonstrate the feasibility of our assay suite to measure inhibition of TH activity at the level of the receptor. Finally, we assessed the capabilities of suspected TH-disrupting chemicals tetrabrominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE-47) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). We found that BDE-47 displays general toxicity rather than TH disruption, as it did not increase brain width nor affect the TRE-luciferase reporter. However, TBBPA, a suspected TR antagonist, although not effective in antagonizing cell proliferation, significantly inhibited the TRE-luciferase reporter, suggesting that it bears closer scrutiny as a TH disruptor. Overall the assay suite has important advantages over the classical tadpole metamorphosis assays with respect to the uniformity of animal size, small test volume, reproducibility, and short test period. The assays are performed before endogenous TH production and free feeding start, which further reduces complexity and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Mengeling
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616-8519, USA
| | - Yuzhu Wei
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 38, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia N Dobrawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616-8519, USA
| | - Mischa Streekstra
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 38, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Latika Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 38, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J David Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616-8519, USA.
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Guignard D, Gayrard V, Lacroix MZ, Puel S, Picard-Hagen N, Viguié C. Evidence for bisphenol A-induced disruption of maternal thyroid homeostasis in the pregnant ewe at low level representative of human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:458-467. [PMID: 28521160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many uncertainties remain regarding the potential of bisphenol A (BPA) as a thyroid disruptor in mammals and the relevance of experimental data to humans. The relevance of the exposure schemes used in experimental in vivo studies is also a major source of uncertainty when analysing the risk of BPA exposure for human health. In this context, the goals of our study, conducted in an ovine model relevant to human gestation and thyroid physiologies, were to: 1) determine the equivalence of subcutaneous and dietary exposures and 2) determine if environmentally relevant doses of BPA can alter gestational and newborn thyroid functions. The difference between the two routes of exposure was mainly related to the overall BPA exposure and much less to the peak serum concentrations. Interestingly, BPA-GLUC (the main metabolite of BPA) internal exposure via both routes was almost identical. The decrease in thyroid hormones concentration overtime was more accentuated in ewes treated with BPA, particularly with the medium dose (50 μg/(kg.d); SC) for which the maximum BPA concentrations were predicted to be within the 1-10 ng/mL range i.e. very similar to the highest blood concentrations reported in humans. The balance between TT4 and rT3 varied differently between the vehicle and the medium dose group. The mechanisms underlying those modifications of maternal thyroid homeostasis remain to be determined. Our study did not evidence significant modification of TSH secretion or binding to serum proteins but might suggest an effect at the level of deiodinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gayrard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Sachs LM, Buchholz DR. Frogs model man: In vivo thyroid hormone signaling during development. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28109053 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling comprises TH transport across cell membranes, metabolism by deiodinases, and molecular mechanisms of gene regulation. Proper TH signaling is essential for normal perinatal development, most notably for neurogenesis and fetal growth. Knowledge of perinatal TH endocrinology needs improvement to provide better treatments for premature infants and endocrine diseases during gestation and to counteract effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Studies in amphibians have provided major insights to understand in vivo mechanisms of TH signaling. The frog model boasts dramatic TH-dependent changes directly observable in free-living tadpoles with precise and easy experimental control of the TH response at developmental stages comparable to fetal stages in mammals. The hormones, their receptors, molecular mechanisms, and developmental roles of TH signaling are conserved to a high degree in humans and amphibians, such that with respect to developmental TH signaling "frogs are just little people that hop." The frog model is exceptionally illustrative of fundamental molecular mechanisms of in vivo TH action involving TH receptors, transcriptional cofactors, and chromatin remodeling. This review highlights the current need, recent successes, and future prospects using amphibians as a model to elucidate molecular mechanisms and functional roles of TH signaling during post-embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent M Sachs
- UMR 7221 CNRS, Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle, Dépt. Régulation, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221
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Human amniotic fluid contaminants alter thyroid hormone signalling and early brain development in Xenopus embryos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43786. [PMID: 28266608 PMCID: PMC5339866 DOI: 10.1038/srep43786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development in vertebrates. In humans, abnormal maternal thyroid hormone levels during early pregnancy are associated with decreased offspring IQ and modified brain structure. As numerous environmental chemicals disrupt thyroid hormone signalling, we questioned whether exposure to ubiquitous chemicals affects thyroid hormone responses during early neurogenesis. We established a mixture of 15 common chemicals at concentrations reported in human amniotic fluid. An in vivo larval reporter (GFP) assay served to determine integrated thyroid hormone transcriptional responses. Dose-dependent effects of short-term (72 h) exposure to single chemicals and the mixture were found. qPCR on dissected brains showed significant changes in thyroid hormone-related genes including receptors, deiodinases and neural differentiation markers. Further, exposure to mixture also modified neural proliferation as well as neuron and oligodendrocyte size. Finally, exposed tadpoles showed behavioural responses with dose-dependent reductions in mobility. In conclusion, exposure to a mixture of ubiquitous chemicals at concentrations found in human amniotic fluid affect thyroid hormone-dependent transcription, gene expression, brain development and behaviour in early embryogenesis. As thyroid hormone signalling is strongly conserved across vertebrates the results suggest that ubiquitous chemical mixtures could be exerting adverse effects on foetal human brain development.
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de Souza JS, Kizys MML, da Conceição RR, Glebocki G, Romano RM, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Giannocco G, da Silva IDCG, Dias da Silva MR, Romano MA, Chiamolera MI. Perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide alters the thyrotrophic axis and causes thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance in male rats. Toxicology 2017; 377:25-37. [PMID: 27916585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are widely used in agriculture. Recently, several animal and epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand the effects of these chemicals as an endocrine disruptor for the gonadal system. The aim of the present study was to determine whether GBHs could also disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Female pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to a solution containing GBH Roundup®Transorb (Monsanto). The animals were divided into three groups (control, 5mg/kg/day or 50mg/kg/day) and exposed from gestation day 18 (GD18) to post-natal day 5 (PND5). Male offspring were euthanized at PND 90, and blood and tissues samples from the hypothalamus, pituitary, liver and heart were collected for hormonal evaluation (TSH-Thyroid stimulating hormone, T3-triiodothyronine and T4-thyroxine), metabolomic and mRNA analyses of genes related to thyroid hormone metabolism and function. The hormonal profiles showed decreased concentrations of TSH in the exposed groups, with no variation in the levels of the thyroid hormones (THs) T3 and T4 between the groups. Hypothalamus gene expression analysis of the exposed groups revealed a reduction in the expression of genes encoding deiodinases 2 (Dio2) and 3 (Dio3) and TH transporters Slco1c1 (former Oatp1c1) and Slc16a2 (former Mct8). In the pituitary, Dio2, thyroid hormone receptor genes (Thra1 and Thrb1), and Slc16a2 showed higher expression levels in the exposed groups than in the control group. Interestingly, Tshb gene expression did not show any difference in expression profile between the control and exposed groups. Liver Thra1 and Thrb1 showed increased mRNA expression in both GBH-exposed groups, and in the heart, Dio2, Mb, Myh6 (former Mhca) and Slc2a4 (former Glut4) showed higher mRNA expression in the exposed groups. Additionally, correlation analysis between gene expression and metabolomic data showed similar alterations as detected in hypothyroid rats. Perinatal exposure to GBH in male rats modified the HPT set point, with lower levels of TSH likely reflecting post-translational events. Several genes regulated by TH or involved in TH metabolism and transport presented varying degrees of gene expression alteration that were probably programmed during intrauterine exposure to GBHs and reflects in peripheral metabolism. In conclusion, the role of GBH exposure in HPT axis disruption should be considered in populations exposed to this herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Sena de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Malta Letro Kizys
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues da Conceição
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Glebocki
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Magnus Regios Dias da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Departamento de Farmácia, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Chiamolera
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp/EPM, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Endocrinologia Clínica, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional (LEMT), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lillicrap A, Belanger S, Burden N, Pasquier DD, Embry MR, Halder M, Lampi MA, Lee L, Norberg-King T, Rattner BA, Schirmer K, Thomas P. Alternative approaches to vertebrate ecotoxicity tests in the 21st century: A review of developments over the last 2 decades and current status. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2637-2646. [PMID: 27779828 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The need for alternative approaches to the use of vertebrate animals for hazard assessment of chemicals and pollutants has become of increasing importance. It is now the first consideration when initiating a vertebrate ecotoxicity test, to ensure that unnecessary use of vertebrate organisms is minimized wherever possible. For some regulatory purposes, the use of vertebrate organisms for environmental risk assessments has been banned; in other situations, the number of organisms tested has been dramatically reduced or the severity of the procedure refined. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve a complete replacement of vertebrate organisms to generate environmental hazard data. The development of animal alternatives is based not just on ethical considerations but also on reducing the cost of performing vertebrate ecotoxicity tests and in some cases on providing better information aimed at improving environmental risk assessments. The present Focus article provides an overview of the considerable advances that have been made toward alternative approaches for ecotoxicity assessments over the last few decades. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2637-2646. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lillicrap
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Scott Belanger
- Environmental Safety and Sustainability, Global Product Stewardship, Procter & Gamble, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalie Burden
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle R Embry
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mark A Lampi
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lucy Lee
- Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Norberg-King
- National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division-Duluth, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barnett A Rattner
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, US Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag-Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Thomas
- Consultancy for Environmental & Human Toxicology & Risk Assessment (Lyon Agency), L'Isle d'Abeau, France
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Stavreva DA, Varticovski L, Levkova L, George AA, Davis L, Pegoraro G, Blazer V, Iwanowicz L, Hager GL. Novel cell-based assay for detection of thyroid receptor beta-interacting environmental contaminants. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:69-79. [PMID: 27528272 PMCID: PMC5069182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Even though the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with thyroid hormone (TH)-like activities in the environment is a major health concern, the methods for their efficient detection and monitoring are still limited. Here we describe a novel cell assay, based on the translocation of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged chimeric molecule of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the thyroid receptor beta (TRβ) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in the presence of TR ligands. Unlike the constitutively nuclear TRβ, this GFP-GR-TRβ chimera is cytoplasmic in the absence of hormone while translocating to the nucleus in a time- and concentration-dependent manner upon stimulation with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid hormone analogue, TRIAC, while the reverse triiodothyronine (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, or rT3) was inactive. Moreover, GFP-GR-TRβ chimera does not show any cross-reactivity with the GR-activating hormones, thus providing a clean system for the screening of TR beta-interacting EDCs. Using this assay, we demonstrated that Bisphenol A (BPA) and 3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA) induced GFP-GR-TRβ translocation at micro molar concentrations. We screened over 100 concentrated water samples from different geographic locations in the United States and detected a low, but reproducible contamination in 53% of the samples. This system provides a novel high-throughput approach for screening for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interacting with TR beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States.
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Ludmila Levkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anuja A George
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Luke Davis
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States
| | - Vicki Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States
| | - Luke Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Building 41, B602, 41 Library Dr., National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, United States.
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Tao L, Wu JP, Zhi H, Zhang Y, Ren ZH, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Aquatic bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of tetrabromobisphenol-A flame retardant introduced from a typical e-waste recycling site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14663-14670. [PMID: 27234832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While the flame retardant chemical, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), has been frequently detected in the environment, knowledge regarding its species-specific bioaccumulation and trophic transfer is limited, especially in the highly contaminated sites. In this study, the components of an aquatic food web, including two invertebrates, two prey fish, and one predator fish, collected from a natural pond at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site in South China were analyzed for TBBP-A, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The aquatic species had TBBP-A concentrations ranging from 350 to 1970 pg/g wet weight, with higher concentrations in the invertebrates relative to the fish species. Field-determined bioaccumulation factors of TBBP-A in the two aquatic invertebrates were nearly or greater than 5000, suggesting that TBBP-A is highly bioaccumulative in the two species. The lipid-normalized concentrations of TBBP-A in the aquatic species were negatively correlated with the trophic levels determined from stable nitrogen isotope (δ(15)N) (r = -0.82, p = 0.09), indicating that this compound experienced trophic dilution in the current food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Hui Zhi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Pearl River Water Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Zi-He Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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45
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Baumann L, Ros A, Rehberger K, Neuhauss SCF, Segner H. Thyroid disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Different molecular response patterns lead to impaired eye development and visual functions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 172:44-55. [PMID: 26765085 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate thyroid system is important for multiple developmental processes, including eye development. Thus, its environmentally induced disruption may impact important fitness-related parameters like visual capacities and behaviour. The present study investigated the relation between molecular effects of thyroid disruption and morphological and physiological changes of eye development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Two test compounds representing different molecular modes of thyroid disruption were used: propylthiouracil (PTU), which is an enzyme-inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis, and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which interacts with the thyroid hormone receptors. Both chemicals significantly altered transcript levels of thyroid system-related genes (TRα, TRβ, TPO, TSH, DIO1, DIO2 and DIO3) in a compound-specific way. Despite these different molecular response patterns, both treatments resulted in similar pathological alterations of the eyes such as reduced size, RPE cell diameter and pigmentation, which were concentration-dependent. The morphological changes translated into impaired visual performance of the larvae: the optokinetic response was significantly and concentration-dependently decreased in both treatments, together with a significant increase of light preference of PTU-treated larvae. In addition, swimming activity was impacted. This study provides first evidence that different modes of molecular action of the thyroid disruptors can be associated with uniform apical responses. Furthermore, this study is the first to show that pathological eye development, as it can be induced by exposure to thyroid disruptors, indeed translates into impaired visual capacities of zebrafish early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumann
- University of Berne, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Ros
- University of Berne, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Kristina Rehberger
- University of Berne, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Berne, Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Préau L, Le Blay K, Saint Paul E, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix BA. Differential thyroid hormone sensitivity of fast cycling progenitors in the neurogenic niches of tadpoles and juvenile frogs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:138-51. [PMID: 26628040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs in neural stem cell (NSC) niches where slow cycling stem cells give rise to faster cycling progenitors. In the adult mouse NSC niche thyroid hormone, T3, and its receptor TRα act as a neurogenic switch promoting progenitor cell cycle completion and neuronal differentiation. Little is known about whether and how T3 controls proliferation of differentially cycling cells during xenopus neurogenesis. To address this question, we first used Sox3 as a marker of stem cell and progenitor populations and then applied pulse-chase EdU/IdU incorporation experiments to identify Sox3-expressing slow cycling (NSC) and fast cycling progenitor cells. We focused on the lateral ventricle of Xenopus laevis and two distinct stages of development: late embryonic development (pre-metamorphic) and juvenile frogs (post-metamorphic). These stages were selected for their relatively stable thyroid hormone availability, either side of the major dynamic phase represented by metamorphosis. TRα expression was found in both pre and post-metamorphic neurogenic regions. However, exogenous T3 treatment only increased proliferation of the fast cycling Sox3+ cell population in post-metamorphic juveniles, having no detectable effect on proliferation in pre-metamorphic tadpoles. We hypothesised that the resistance of proliferative cells to exogenous T3 in pre-metamorphic tadpoles could be related to T3 inactivation by the inactivating Deiodinase 3 enzyme. Expression of dio3 was widespread in the tadpole neurogenic niche, but not in the juvenile neurogenic niche. Use of a T3-reporter transgenic line showed that in juveniles, T3 had a direct transcriptional effect on rapid cycling progenitors. Thus, the fast cycling progenitor cells in the neurogenic niche of tadpoles and juvenile frogs respond differentially to T3 as a function of developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Préau
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75231, France
| | - K Le Blay
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75231, France
| | - E Saint Paul
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75231, France
| | - G Morvan-Dubois
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75231, France
| | - B A Demeneix
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75231, France.
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48
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More similar than you think: Frog metamorphosis as a model of human perinatal endocrinology. Dev Biol 2015; 408:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Lievens A, Petrillo M, Querci M, Patak A. Genetically modified animals: Options and issues for traceability and enforcement. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Qin Z, Wang H, Li J. A screening assay for thyroid hormone signaling disruption based on thyroid hormone-response gene expression analysis in the frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 34:143-154. [PMID: 26257357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian metamorphosis provides a wonderful model to study the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling disrupting activity of environmental chemicals, with Xenopus laevis as the most commonly used species. This study aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive screening assay based on TH-response gene expression analysis using Pelophylax nigromaculatus, a native frog species distributed widely in East Asia, especially in China. To achieve this, five candidate TH-response genes that were sensitive to T3 induction were chosen as molecular markers, and T3 induction was determined as 0.2 nmol/L T3 exposure for 48 hr. The developed assay can detect the agonistic activity of T3 with a lowest observed effective concentration of 0.001 nmol/L and EC50 at around 0.118-1.229 nmol/L, exhibiting comparable or higher sensitivity than previously reported assays. We further validated the efficiency of the developed assay by detecting the TH signaling disrupting activity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a known TH signaling disruptor. In accordance with previous reports, we found a weak TH agonistic activity for TBBPA in the absence of T3, whereas a TH antagonistic activity was found for TBBPA at higher concentrations in the presence of T3, showing that the P. nigromaculatus assay is effective for detecting TH signaling disrupting activity. Importantly, we observed non-monotonic dose-dependent disrupting activity of TBBPA in the presence of T3, which is difficult to detect with in vitro reporter gene assays. Overall, the developed P. nigromaculatus assay can be used to screen TH signaling disrupting activity of environmental chemicals with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.; Department of Environmental Bio-Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China..
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Environmental Bio-Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Environmental Bio-Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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