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Dai M, Xu Y, Genjebay Y, Lu L, Wang C, Yang H, Huang C, Huang T. Urbanization significantly increases greenhouse gas emissions from a subtropical headwater stream in Southeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173508. [PMID: 38851353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Streams are disproportionately significant contributors to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) effluxes in river networks. In the context of global urbanization, a growing number of streams are affected by urbanization, which has been suggested to stimulate the water-air GHG emissions from fluvial systems. This study investigated the seasonal and longitudinal profiles of GHG (N2O, CH4, and CO2) concentrations of Jiuxianghe Stream, a headwater stream undergoing urbanization, and estimated its GHG diffusive fluxes and global warming potentials (GWPs) using the boundary layer method. The results showed that N2O, CH4, and CO2 concentrations in Jiuxianghe Stream were 0.45-7.19 μg L-1, 0.31-586.85 μg L-1, and 0.16-11.60 mg L-1, respectively. N2O, CH4, and CO2 concentrations in the stream showed 4.55-, 23.70-, and 7.68-fold increases from headwaters to downstream, respectively, corresponding to the forest-urban transition within the watershed. Multiple linear regression indicated that NO3--N, NH4+-N, and DOC:NO3--N accurately predicted N2O and CO2 concentrations, indicating that N nutrients were the driving factors. The Jiuxianghe Stream was a source of atmospheric GHGs with a daily GWP of 7.31 g CO2-eq m-2 d-1 on average and was significantly positively correlated with the ratio of construction land and forest in the sub-watershed. This study highlights the critical role of urbanization in amplifying GHG emissions from streams, thereby augmenting our understanding of GHG emissions from river networks. With global urbanization on the rise, streams experiencing urbanization are expected to make an unprecedentedly significant contribution to riverine GHG budgets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutan Dai
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanhui Xu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | | | - Lingfeng Lu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Mu J, Ding S, Liu SM, Song G, Ning X, Zhang X, Xu W, Zhang H. Multiple isotopes decipher the nitrogen cycle in the cascade reservoirs and downstream in the middle and lower Yellow River: Insight for reservoir drainage period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170625. [PMID: 38320705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Intensive anthropogenic activities, such as excessive nitrogen input and dam construction, have altered the nitrogen cycle in the global river system. However, the focus on the source, transformation and fate of nitrogen in the Yellow River is still scarce. In this study, the multiple isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NH4+ and δ15N-PN) were deciphered to explore the nitrogen cycling processes and the driving factors in the thermally stratified cascade reservoirs (Sanmenxia Reservoir: SMXR and Xiaolangdi Reservoir: XLDR) and Lower Yellow River (LYR) during the drainage period of the XLDR. In the SMXR, algal bloom triggered the assimilation process in the upper layer before the SMX Dam, followed by remineralization and subsequent nitrification processes in the lower water layers. The nitrification reaction in the XLDR progressively increased along both longitudinal and vertical directions to the lower layer of the XLD Dam, which was linked to the variation in the water residence time of riverine, transition and lentic zones. The robust nitrification rates in the lower layer of the lentic zone coincided with the substantial depletion of nitrate isotopic composition and enrichment of both δ15N-PN and δ15N-NH4+, indicating the longer water residence time not only promoted the growth of the nitrifying population but also facilitated the remineralization to enhance NH4+ availability. In the LYR, the slight nitrate assimilation, as indicated by nitrate isotopic composition and fractionation models, was the predominant nitrogen transformation process. The Bayesian isotope mixing model results showed that manure and sewage was the dominant nitrate source (50 %) in the middle and lower Yellow River. Notably, the in-reservoir nitrification was a significant nitrate source (27 %) in the XLDR and LYR. Our study deepens the understanding of anthropogenic activities impacting the nitrogen cycle in the river-reservoir system, providing valuable insight into water quality management and nitrogen cycle mechanisms in the Yellow River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Mu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Su Mei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guodong Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ning
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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3
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Li Y, Tian H, Yao Y, Shi H, Bian Z, Shi Y, Wang S, Maavara T, Lauerwald R, Pan S. Increased nitrous oxide emissions from global lakes and reservoirs since the pre-industrial era. Nat Commun 2024; 15:942. [PMID: 38296943 PMCID: PMC10830459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lentic systems (lakes and reservoirs) are emission hotpots of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas; however, this has not been well quantified yet. Here we examine how multiple environmental forcings have affected N2O emissions from global lentic systems since the pre-industrial period. Our results show that global lentic systems emitted 64.6 ± 12.1 Gg N2O-N yr-1 in the 2010s, increased by 126% since the 1850s. The significance of small lentic systems on mitigating N2O emissions is highlighted due to their substantial emission rates and response to terrestrial environmental changes. Incorporated with riverine emissions, this study indicates that N2O emissions from global inland waters in the 2010s was 319.6 ± 58.2 Gg N yr-1. This suggests a global emission factor of 0.051% for inland water N2O emissions relative to agricultural nitrogen applications and provides the country-level emission factors (ranging from 0 to 0.341%) for improving the methodology for national greenhouse gas emission inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Yuanzhi Yao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 610000, China
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zihao Bian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Shi
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Taylor Maavara
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Shufen Pan
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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4
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Li P, Wallace CD, McGarr JT, Moeini F, Dai Z, Soltanian MR. Investigating key drivers of N 2O emissions in heterogeneous riparian sediments: Reactive transport modeling and statistical analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166930. [PMID: 37704143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that also contributes to ozone depletion. Recent studies have identified river corridors as significant sources of N2O emissions. Surface water-groundwater (hyporheic) interactions along river corridors induce flow and reactive nitrogen transport through riparian sediments, thereby generating N2O. Despite the prevalence of these processes, the controlling influence of physical and geochemical parameters on N2O emissions from coupled aerobic and anaerobic reactive transport processes in heterogeneous riparian sediments is not yet fully understood. This study presents an integrated framework that combines a flow and multi-component reactive transport model (RTM) with an uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis tool to determine which physical and geochemical parameters have the greatest impact on N2O emissions from riparian sediments. The framework involves the development of thousands of RTMs, followed by global sensitivity and responsive surface analyses. Results indicate that characterizing the denitrification reaction rate constant and permeability of intermediate-permeability sediments (e.g., sandy gravel) are crucial in describing coupled nitrification-denitrification reactions and the magnitude of N2O emissions. This study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence N2O emissions from riparian sediments and can help in developing strategies to control N2O emissions from river corridors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Geosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
| | | | - Jeffrey T McGarr
- Department of Geosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Farzad Moeini
- Department of Geosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130026, China
| | - Mohamad Reza Soltanian
- Department of Geosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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5
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He C, Qi R, Feng H, Zhao Z, Wang F, Wang D, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang P, Li S, Yi Y. Spatiotemporal variations and dominated environmental parameters of nitrous oxide (N 2O) concentrations from cascade reservoirs in southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:102547-102559. [PMID: 37668782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity has caused rivers and reservoirs to become sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is thought to play an important role in global climate change. There are thermal and DO stratification in deep-water reservoirs with long hydraulic retention time, which change N2O production mechanism compared with shallow-water reservoirs. To promote our understanding of the relationship of N2O production in reservoirs at different depths, spatiotemporal variations in water environmental factors and N2O from cascade reservoirs of Chaishitan (CST), Longtan (LT), Yantan (YT) and Dahua (DH) reservoirs in the Zhujiang River were detected, and the LT and YT reservoirs were compared as representatives of deep-water and shallow-water reservoirs in April and July 2019. The average N2O concentrations in the LT and YT reservoirs were 22.82 ± 2.21 and 21.55 ± 1.65 nmol L-1, respectively. During spring and summer, the WT (water temperature) and DO (dissolved oxygen) concentrations in the YT reservoir were well mixed. In contrast, the LT reservoir, as a deep-water reservoir, had thermal and DO stratifications in both the shallow and middle water, especially in the summer when the solar radiation intensity was high. During summer stratification, the DO concentration in the LT reservoir showed obvious spatial variation, ranging from 1.23 to 9.84 mg L-1, while the DO concentration in the YT reservoir showed very little variation, ranging from 6.45 to 7.09 mg L-1. Structural equation modeling results showed that NH4+ was the main determinant of the N2O concentration in the YT reservoir, and DO was the most influential factor of the N2O concentration in the LT reservoir. These results suggest significant variations in the factors influencing N2O concentration among reservoirs. Additionally, the mechanisms of N2O production differ between deep-water and shallow-water reservoirs. This study highlights the spatio-temporal variations and influential factors contributing to N2O concentration. Furthermore, it discusses the production mechanisms of N2O in different types of reservoirs. These findings contribute to our understanding of N2O distribution in hydropower systems and provide valuable data for the management of hydropower facilities and research on greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiquan He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Rui Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Haiyue Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 150#, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Siliang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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6
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Wang J, Vilmin L, Mogollón JM, Beusen AHW, van Hoek WJ, Liu X, Pika PA, Middelburg JJ, Bouwman AF. Inland Waters Increasingly Produce and Emit Nitrous Oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13506-13519. [PMID: 37647507 PMCID: PMC10501125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas and currently contributes ∼10% to global greenhouse warming. Studies have suggested that inland waters are a large and growing global N2O source, but whether, how, where, when, and why inland-water N2O emissions changed in the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we quantify global N2O formation, transport, and emission along the aquatic continuum and their changes using a spatially explicit, mechanistic, coupled biogeochemistry-hydrology model. The global inland-water N2O emission increased from 0.4 to 1.3 Tg N yr-1 during 1900-2010 due to (1) growing N2O inputs mainly from groundwater and (2) increased inland-water N2O production, largely in reservoirs. Inland waters currently contribute 7 (5-10)% to global total N2O emissions. The highest inland-water N2O emissions are typically in and downstream of reservoirs and areas with high population density and intensive agricultural activities in eastern and southern Asia, southeastern North America, and Europe. The expected continuing excessive use of nutrients, dam construction, and development of suboxic conditions in aging reservoirs imply persisting high inland-water N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauriane Vilmin
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands
| | - José M. Mogollón
- Department
of Industrial Ecology, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur H. W. Beusen
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- PBL
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, P.O. Box 30314, 2500 GH The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. van Hoek
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip A. Pika
- Faculty
of Science, Earth and Climate, Free University
of Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F. Bouwman
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Yan R, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen N. Pollution abatement reducing the river N 2O emissions although it is partially offset by a warming climate: Insights from an urbanized watershed study. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119934. [PMID: 37043873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Global nitrogen (N) pollution has resulted in increased river nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which contribute to climate change. However, little is known about how pollution abatement conversely reduces river N2O production in a warming climate. Here, field observations and microcosmic experiments were conducted in a coastal urbanized watershed (S.E. China) to explore the interactive effect of changing nitrate and temperature on river sediment denitrification (DNF) and N2O production. The results showed that urban river reaches (UR) with higher organic carbon content and denitrifying gene abundance in sediments have a greater DNF rate, nitrate removal efficiency (NRE), and N2O concentration than agricultural river reaches (AR). Microcosmic incubation suggested that the DNF rate and associated N2O production decreased under low nitrate addition, wherein the NRE increased. The scenario simulation illustrated a nonlinear response of N2O production to nitrate removal (i.e., ΔN2O/ΔNO3-N) from both UR and AR sediments at a given temperature, and the DNF rate and N2O production increased with increasing temperature. An increase in temperature by 1 degree Celsius would offset 18.75% of the N2O reduction by nitrate removal via DNF. These findings implied that watershed pollution abatement undoubtedly contributes to the reduction in global river N2O emissions although it is partially offset by extra N2O production caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fenfang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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8
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Brown AM, Bass AM, Skiba U, MacDonald JM, Pickard AE. Urban landscapes and legacy industry provide hotspots for riverine greenhouse gases: A source-to-sea study of the River Clyde. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119969. [PMID: 37099862 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is growing global concern that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from water bodies are increasing because of interactions between nutrient levels and climate warming. This paper investigates key land-cover, seasonal and hydrological controls of GHGs by comparison of the semi-natural, agricultural and urban environments in a detailed source-to-sea study of the River Clyde, Scotland. Riverine GHG concentrations were consistently oversaturated with respect to the atmosphere. High riverine concentrations of methane (CH4) were primarily associated with point source inflows from urban wastewater treatment, abandoned coal mines and lakes, with CH4-C concentrations between 0.1 - 44 µg l-1. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were mainly driven by nitrogen concentrations, dominated by diffuse agricultural inputs in the upper catchment and supplemented by point source inputs from urban wastewater in the lower urban catchment, with CO2-C concentrations between 0.1 - 2.6 mg l-1 and N2O-N concentrations between 0.3 - 3.4 µg l-1. A significant and disproportionate increase in all GHGs occurred in the lower urban riverine environment in the summer, compared to the semi-natural environment, where GHG concentrations were higher in winter. This increase and change in GHG seasonal patterns points to anthropogenic impacts on microbial communities. The loss of total dissolved carbon, to the estuary is approximately 48.4 ± 3.6 Gg C yr-1, with the annual inorganic carbon export approximately double that of organic carbon and four times that of CO2, with CH4 accounting for 0.03%, with the anthropogenic impact of disused coal mines accelerating DIC loss. The annual loss of total dissolved nitrogen to the estuary is approximately 4.03 ± 0.38 Gg N yr-1 of which N2O represents 0.06%. This study improves our understanding of riverine GHG generation and dynamics which can contribute to our knowledge of their release to the atmosphere. It identifies where action could support reductions in aquatic GHG generation and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Brown
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK; University of Glasgow, College of Science and Engineering, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Adrian M Bass
- University of Glasgow, College of Science and Engineering, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ute Skiba
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - John M MacDonald
- University of Glasgow, College of Science and Engineering, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amy E Pickard
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
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9
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Yamazaki H, Kagamu A, Kezuka K, Murano A, Ebie Y. Development of N 2O emission factors derived from nitrification of treated sewage water in rivers. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2407-2415. [PMID: 37257099 PMCID: wst_2023_147 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Because treated sewage water contains nitrogen compounds such as NH4-N and NO2+3-N, nitrous oxide (N2O) which is one of the greenhouse gases is generated by nitrification and denitrification reactions in rivers. This study aimed to develop a method for estimating the amount of N2O generated from the nitrification of residual N compounds in treated sewage water by subtracting the amount of residual N2O dissolved in the treated sewage water. A year-round field survey of dissolved N2O (D-N2O) in the treated sewage water and river water showed that nitrification proceeded in the downstream direction in the rivers following the discharge of the treated sewage water, thereby generating N2O. The deaeration rate of N2O dissolved in the river water was obtained from a laboratory experiment. The N2O emission factor that can be applied to in-river nitrification of NH4-N contained in the treated sewage water was calculated to be 0.0025 kgN2O-N kgNH4-N-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan E-mail:
| | - Ayaka Kagamu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan E-mail:
| | - Kenta Kezuka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan E-mail:
| | - Akito Murano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-8585, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yoshitaka Ebie
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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10
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Orif MI, Kavil YN, Al-Farawati RK, Sudheesh V. Deoxygenation turns the coastal Red Sea lagoons into sources of nitrous oxide. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114806. [PMID: 36967683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements of dissolved N2O concentrations, fluxes and saturation percentages undertaken for the first time in two coastal lagoons - Al-Shabab and Al-Arbaeen, along the east coast of the Red Sea, revealed the region as a significant source of N2O to the atmosphere. The exacerbated dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) from various anthropogenic sources led to substantial oxygen depletion in both the lagoons, which turned to bottom anoxia at Al-Arbaeen lagoon during the spring season. We assume that the accumulation of N2O is caused by nitrifier-denitrification in the hypoxic/anoxic boundaries. In fact, the results indicated that oxygen-depleted bottom waters favoured denitrification when the oxygenated surface waters recorded nitrification signals. Overall, the N2O concentration ranged from 109.4 to 788.6 nM (40.6-325.6 nM) in spring and 58.7 to 209.8 nM (35.8-89.9 nM) in winter in the Al-Arbaeen (Al-Shabab) lagoon. The N2O flux ranged from 647.1 to 1763.2 μmol m-2 day-1 (85.9 to 160.2 μmol m-2 day-1) and 112.5 to 150.8 μmol m-2 day-1 (76.1 to 88.7 μmol m-2 day-1) in the spring and winter respectively, in the Al-Arbaeen (Al-Shabab) lagoons. The ongoing developmental activities may worsen the current situation of hypoxia and associated biogeochemical feedbacks; therefore, the present results underline the need for continuous monitoring of both lagoons to restrict more severe oxygen depletion in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Orif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasar N Kavil
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwan K Al-Farawati
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Sudheesh
- Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India
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11
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Xing CY, Li H, Li Q, Lu LH, Li Z. Shifts in composition and function of bacterial communities reveal the effect of small barriers on nitrous oxide and methane accumulation in fragmented rivers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1110025. [PMID: 36896435 PMCID: PMC9990636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rivers are often blocked by barriers to form different habitats, but it is not clear whether this change will affect the accumulation of N2O and CH4 in rivers. Here, low barriers (less than 2 m, LB) increased N2O concentration by 1.13 times and CH4 decreased by 0.118 times, while high barriers (higher than 2 m, less than 5 m high, HB) increased N2O concentration by 1.19 times and CH4 by 2.76 times. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated LB and HB can promote the enrichment of Cyanobium and Chloroflexi, further limiting complete denitrification and increasing N2O accumulation. The LB promotes methanotrophs (Methylocystis, Methylophilus, and Methylotenera) to compete with denitrifiers (Pseudomonas) in water, and reduce CH4 accumulation. While the HB can promote the methanotrophs to compete with nitrifiers (Nitrosospira) in sediment, thus reducing the consumption of CH4. LB and HB reduce river velocity, increase water depth, and reduce dissolved oxygen (DO), leading to enrichment of nirS-type denitrifiers and the increase of N2O concentration in water. Moreover, the HB reduces DO concentration and pmoA gene abundance in water, which can increase the accumulation of CH4. In light of the changes in the microbial community and variation in N2O and CH4 accumulation, the impact of fragmented rivers on global greenhouse gas emissions merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lun-Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institutes of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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12
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Li S, Zhen Y, Chen Y, Mi T, Yu Z. Shifts in the spatiotemporal distribution and sources of nitrous oxide in sediment cores from the Bohai Sea and South Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114390. [PMID: 36459774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N2O is among the most potent greenhouse gases. In this study, we investigated one of the important N2O production hotspots, the continental margins. We looked at N2O spatiotemporal distributions in situ as well as the potential contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O production in sediment cores from the Bohai and South Yellow Seas. Real-time PCR and shotgun metagenomics sequencing were used to analyze the microbial communities related to N2O production. The results showed that N2O concentrations roughly decreased with depth-a trend that was consistent throughout the year and showed no significant seasonal variations. When all the research stations along the continental margin were considered, the estuary exhibited the lowest average N2O concentration. Moreover, nitrification was identified as the main process responsible for N2O production in estuary areas. This study demonstrates that spatial, as opposed to temporal, heterogeneity is the primary factor influencing N2O concentration differences in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu Zhen
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tiezhu Mi
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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13
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Wang X, Yu L, Liu T, He Y, Wu S, Chen H, Yuan X, Wang J, Li X, Li H, Que Z, Qing Z, Zhou T. Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from heavily polluted urban streams: Comprehensive influence of pollution and restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120098. [PMID: 36075337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Streams draining urban areas are usually regarded as hotspots of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, little is known about the coupling effects of watershed pollution and restoration on CH4 and N2O emission dynamics in heavily polluted urban streams. This study investigated the CH4 and N2O concentrations and fluxes in six streams that used to be heavily polluted but have undergone different watershed restorations in Southwest China, to explore the comprehensive influences of pollution and restoration. CH4 and N2O concentrations in the six urban streams ranged from 0.12 to 21.32 μmol L-1 and from 0.03 to 2.27 μmol L-1, respectively. The calculated diffusive fluxes of CH4 and N2O were averaged of 7.65 ± 9.20 mmol m-2 d-1 and 0.73 ± 0.83 mmol m-2 d-1, much higher than those in most previous reports. The heavily polluted streams with non-restoration had 7.2 and 7.8 times CH4 and N2O concentrations higher than those in the fully restored streams, respectively. Particularly, CH4 and N2O fluxes in the fully restored streams were 90% less likely than those found in the unrestored ones. This result highlighted that heavily polluted urban streams with high pollution loadings were indeed hotspots of CH4 and N2O emissions throughout the year, while comprehensive restoration can effectively weaken their emission intensity. Sewage interception and nutrient removal, especially N loadings reduction, were effective measures for regulating the dynamics of CH4 and N2O emissions from the heavily polluted streams. Based on global and regional integration, it further elucidated that increasing environment investments could significantly improve water quality and mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions in polluted urban streams. Overall, our study emphasized that although urbanization could inevitably strengthen riverine CH4 and N2O emissions, effective eco-restoration can mitigate the crisis of riverine greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China.
| | - Lele Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, 624400, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Xianxiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Hang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ziyi Que
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Zhaoyin Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wetland Science Research of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing, 401331, China; Three Gorges Reservoir Area Earth Surface Ecological Processes of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 405400, China; School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
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14
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Zheng Y, Wu S, Xiao S, Yu K, Fang X, Xia L, Wang J, Liu S, Freeman C, Zou J. Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from inland waters and estuaries. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4713-4725. [PMID: 35560967 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, streams) and estuaries are significant emitters of methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) to the atmosphere, while global estimates of these emissions have been hampered due to the lack of a worldwide comprehensive data set of CH4 and N2 O flux components. Here, we synthesize 2997 in-situ flux or concentration measurements of CH4 and N2 O from 277 peer-reviewed publications to estimate global CH4 and N2 O emissions from inland waters and estuaries. Inland waters including rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and streams together release 95.18 Tg CH4 year-1 (ebullition plus diffusion) and 1.48 Tg N2 O year-1 (diffusion) to the atmosphere, yielding an overall CO2 -equivalent emission total of 3.06 Pg CO2 year-1 . The estimate of CH4 and N2 O emissions represents roughly 60% of CO2 emissions (5.13 Pg CO2 year-1 ) from these four inland aquatic systems, among which lakes act as the largest emitter for both CH4 and N2 O. Ebullition showed as a dominant flux component of CH4 , contributing up to 62%-84% of total CH4 fluxes across all inland waters. Chamber-derived CH4 emission rates are significantly greater than those determined by diffusion model-based methods for commonly capturing of both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes. Water dissolved oxygen (DO) showed as a dominant factor among all variables to influence both CH4 (diffusive and ebullitive) and N2 O fluxes from inland waters. Our study reveals a major oversight in regional and global CH4 budgets from inland waters, caused by neglecting the dominant role of ebullition pathways in those emissions. The estimated indirect N2 O EF5 values suggest that a downward refinement is required in current IPCC default EF5 values for inland waters and estuaries. Our findings further indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and patterns of CH4 and N2 O emissions from inland waters and estuaries is essential in defining the way of how these aquatic systems will shape our climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiantao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chris Freeman
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon and Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, China
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15
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Ni J, Wang H, Ma T, Huang R, Ciais P, Li Z, Yue Y, Chen J, Li B, Wang Y, Zheng M, Wang T, Borthwick AGL. Three Gorges Dam: Friend or Foe of Riverine Greenhouse Gases? Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac013. [PMID: 35673534 PMCID: PMC9166553 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dams are often regarded as greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. However, our study indicated that the world's largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), has caused significant drops in annual average emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O over 4300 km along the Yangtze River, accompanied by remarkable reductions in the annual export of CO2 (79%), CH4 (50%) and N2O (9%) to the sea. Since the commencement of its operation in 2003, the TGD has altered the carbonate equilibrium in the reservoir area, enhanced methanogenesis in the upstream, and restrained methanogenesis and denitrification via modifying anoxic habitats through long-distance scouring in the downstream. These findings suggest that ‘large-dam effects’ are far beyond our previous understanding spatiotemporally, which highlights the fundamental importance of whole-system budgeting of GHGs under the profound impacts of huge dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinren Ni
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing100871, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives, CNRS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Gif-sur-Yvette91191, France
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing400714, China
| | - Yao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing100038, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing102206, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Science, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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16
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Guan A, Qi W, Peng Q, Zhou J, Bai Y, Qu J. Environmental heterogeneity determines the response patterns of microbially mediated N-reduction processes to sulfamethoxazole in river sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126730. [PMID: 34388921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems leads to potential ecological risks to organisms, in turn affecting microbially mediated processes. Here, we investigated the response of dominant N-reduction processes to the frequently detected antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) along the Chaobai River with regional environmental heterogeneity, including denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and nitrous oxide (N2O) release. We found two divergent SMX response patterns for denitrification in contrasting scenarios of geochemical properties. In the context of low nitrate and carbon, SMX weakened denitrification with a slightly stimulation first. Whereas SMX directly inhibited denitrification when nitrate and carbon were sufficient. High SMX concentration suppressed anammox (26-72%) and DNRA activities (48-84%) via restraining the activities of anammox and DNRA bacteria. Notably, SMX increased the contribution of denitrification to N-reduction at the expense of DNRA to N-reduction, leading to a shift in nitrogen conversion towards denitrification. Additionally, SMX stimulated N2O emission (up to 91%) due to superior restraint on process of N2O reduction to N2 and an incline for N-reduction towards denitrification, thereby exacerbating greenhouse effect. Our results advance the understanding of how nitrogen cycling is affected by SMX in aquatic ecosystems with environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aomei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Tian Z, Zhou N, You W, He D, Chang F, Zheng M. Mitigating NO and N 2O emissions from a pilot-scale oxidation ditch using bioaugmentation of immobilized aerobic denitrifying bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125704. [PMID: 34375792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) requires urgent mitigation because of its significant contribution to the greenhouse effect. In this study, bioaugmentation was applied in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch with the aerobic denitrifying bacteria strain PCN-1 immobilized on polyurethane biocarriers, which demonstrated effective N2O mitigation. Microbial community analysis suggested that the bioaugmentation facilitated a symbiotic relationship of the bacterial populations between the activated sludge and the biocarriers. The denitrifying bacteria with well-known N2O reducing capabilities predominated on the biocarriers. Correspondingly, the increases of denitrifying genes and NO and N2O reductase provided evidence for the enhanced genetic potential for NO and N2O reduction. Besides, the enriched comammox Nitrospira on the biocarriers is proposed as another significant driver for N2O mitigation by avoiding nitrite accumulation. In addition, the bioaugmentation enhanced the stability and recovery capability of the system in the ammonia overload and aeration failure shock tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbo You
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Da He
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Chang
- Marine Resources Research Centre, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T., Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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18
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Hu M, Li B, Wu K, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhou J, Chen D. Modeling Riverine N 2O Sources, Fates, and Emission Factors in a Typical River Network of Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13356-13365. [PMID: 34521193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of riverine N2O emission contain great uncertainty because of the lack of quantitative knowledge concerning riverine N2O sources and fates. Using a 3.5-year record of monthly N2O measurements from the Yongan River network of eastern China, we developed a mass-balance model to address the riverine N2O source and sink processes. We achieved reasonable model efficacies (R2 = 0.44-0.84, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients = 0.40-0.80) across three tributaries and the entire river system. Estimated riverine N2O loads originated from groundwater (38-88%), surface runoff (3-26%), and in-stream production (4-48%). Estimated in-stream losses via atmospheric release + complete denitrification accounted for 76, 95, 25, and 89% of riverine N2O fate for the agricultural, residential, forest, and entire river system, respectively. Considering limited complete denitrification, the model estimated an upper-bound riverine N2O emission rate of 2.65 ton N2O-N km-2 year-1 for the entire river system. Riverine N2O emission estimates were of comparable magnitude to those estimated with a power-law scaling model. Riverine N2O emissions using the IPCC default emission factor (0.26%) overestimated emissions by 3-15 times, whereas the dissolved N2O concentration-based emission factor overestimated or underestimated emissions. This study highlights the importance of combining comprehensive information on N2O sources and fates to achieve accurate riverine N2O emission estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bingqing Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaibin Wu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li J, Chen Q, Wang T, Wang H, Ni J. Hydrochemistry and nutrients determined the distribution of greenhouse gases in saline groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117383. [PMID: 34058446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The geography patterns and generation mechanisms of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in groundwater, especially in saline groundwater, are critical but rarely studied. Herein, we investigated the GHGs distribution in an aquifer, located upstream of Baiyangdian Lake, China, with a distinctive salinity gradient. A total of 132 groundwater samples were collected from 44 new-constructed wells along the lateral dimensions, and analyzed for dissolved GHGs concentrations, physiochemical parameters, and isotopes. The results showed that the dissolved CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations ranged from 9.47 to 79.3 mg/L, 1.05-56.9 μg/L, and 0.84-7.03 μg/L, respectively. The groundwater was supersaturated with GHGs with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, suggesting groundwater discharge as a potential source of GHGs emission. CO2 significantly decreased while CH4 and N2O distinctively increased with the decline of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, illustrating an obvious spatial pattern in the GHGs distribution. The CO2 distributions mainly depended on the bicarbonate radical and TDS, indicating carbonate equilibrium as the main process involving in the CO2 generation. CH4 and N2O was primarily generated through the methanogenesis and denitrification processes, respectively. Nutrients including SO42- and total organic carbon predominately shaped the CH4 distributions, while nitrate mainly governed the N2O distributions. Our study highlights the important roles of hydrochemistry and nutrients in the GHGs generation and distributions, which provides a significant insight on managing the GHGs emissions from the saline groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- The Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of PR China, 100038, PR China
| | - Jinren Ni
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China
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20
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Mander Ü, Tournebize J, Espenberg M, Chaumont C, Torga R, Garnier J, Muhel M, Maddison M, Lebrun JD, Uher E, Remm K, Pärn J, Soosaar K. High denitrification potential but low nitrous oxide emission in a constructed wetland treating nitrate-polluted agricultural run-off. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146614. [PMID: 34030255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) can efficiently remove nitrogen from polluted agricultural run-off, however, a potential caveat is nitrous oxide (N2O), a harmful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depleter. During five sampling campaigns, we measured N2O fluxes from a 0.53 ha off-stream CW treating nitrate-rich water from the intensively fertilized watershed in Rampillon, France, using automated chambers with a quantum cascade laser system, and manual chambers. Sediment samples were analysed for potential N2 flux using the HeO2 incubation method. Both inlet nitrate (NO3-) concentrations and N2O emission varied significantly between the seasons. In the Autumn and Winter inlet concentrations were about 11 mg NO3--N L-1, and < 6.5 mg NO3--N L-1 in the Spring and Summer. N2O emission was highest in the Autumn (mean ± standard error: 9.7 ± 0.2 μg N m-2 h-1) and lowest in the Summer (wet period: 0.2 ± 0.3 μg N m-2 h-1). The CW was a very weak source of N2O emitting 0.32 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 and removing around 938 kg NO3--N ha-1 yr-1, the ratio of N2O-N emitted to NO3--N removed was 0.033%. The automated and manual chambers gave similar results. From the potential N2O formation in the sediment, only 9% was emitted to the atmosphere, the average N2 N 2O ratio was high: 89:1 for N2-Npotential: N2O-Npotential and 1353:1 for N2-Npotential: N2O-Nemitted. These results indicate complete denitrification. The focused principal component analysis showed strong positive correlation between the gaseous N2O fluxes and the following environmental factors: NO3--N concentrations in inlet water, streamflow, and nitrate reduction rate. Water temperature, TOC and DOC in the water and hydraulic residence time showed negative correlations with N2O emissions. Shallow off-stream CWs such as Rampillon may have good nitrate removal capacity with low N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France.
| | - Julien Tournebize
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cedric Chaumont
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Raili Torga
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Mart Muhel
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Maddison
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jérémie D Lebrun
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uher
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Kalle Remm
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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21
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Masuda S, Sato T, Mishima I, Maruo C, Yamazaki H, Nishimura O. Impact of nitrogen compound variability of sewage treated water on N 2O production in riverbeds. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112621. [PMID: 33901830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O), a strong greenhouse and ozone depleting gas, is known to be generated in the river environment. However, the impact of sewage treated water on the production mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, N2O production in the upper reach of a river was evaluated by field survey and activity test. The results demonstrated that the N2O production activity of the river pebbles increased with the inflow of the sewage treated water, which was supported by field survey results, such as the dissolved N2O concentrations and water quality. The emission factors of N2O were determined to be 0.02-0.05% in nitrification and 0.01-0.025% in denitrification. Our study shows that combining a field survey and an activity test improves the reliability of the results and leads to the appropriate quantitative evaluation. From a perspective of controlling the N2O emissions from the sewage treatment plant, N2O generation inside the plant is critical. However, appropriate nitrogen removal in the treatment plant is connected to the reduction of N2O generation in the river environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Masuda
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, Bunkyo-cho 1-1, Iijima, Akita, Akita, Japan.
| | - Takemi Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Iori Mishima
- Water Environment Group, Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, Kamitanadare 914, Kazo, Saitama, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chikako Maruo
- Technical Division, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kujirai, 2100, Saitama, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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22
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Li Y, Shang J, Zhang C, Zhang W, Niu L, Wang L, Zhang H. The role of freshwater eutrophication in greenhouse gas emissions: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144582. [PMID: 33736331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) have long received public attention because they affect the Earth's climate by producing the greenhouse effect. Freshwaters are an important source of GHGs, and the enhancement in their eutrophic status affects GHG emissions. Along with the increasing eutrophication of water bodies, the relevant quantitative and qualitative studies of the effects of freshwater eutrophication on GHG emissions have made substantial progress, particularly in the past 5 years. However, to our knowledge, this is the first critical review to focus on the role of freshwater eutrophication in GHG emissions. In this review, the emissions of common GHGs from freshwater are quantitatively described. Importantly, direct (i.e., dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, and nutrients) and indirect factors (i.e., dominant primary producer and algal blooms) affecting GHG emissions from eutrophic freshwater are systematically analyzed. In particular, the existence and significance of feedback loops between freshwater eutrophication and GHG emissions are emphasized considering the difficulties managing freshwater ecosystems and the Earth's climate. Finally, several future research directions as well as mitigation measures are described to provide useful insight into the dynamics and control of GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jiahui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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23
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Ribeiro RP, Alves LFP, de Cerqueira CB, Mombrini LM, Ferreira HBP. Effects of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater discharges on the spatial and temporal variability of nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from different streams in southeastern Brazil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1141-1151. [PMID: 33724943 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations is of great environmental concern due to the role of this gas in climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. Nitrogen-enriched lotic water bodies are significant sources of N2O. However, N2O emissions from rivers and streams, particularly those that receive untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater discharge, are poorly understood, especially in Brazil. The present study investigated the effects of the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater on the spatial-temporal variability of N2O emissions from different streams in Ilha Grande, located within the Abraão hydrographic system, in southeastern Brazil. Estimated N2O fluxes determined in Abraão streams and upstream of the urbanized stretch ranged from 18.4 and 96.5 μg N m-2 h-1. Inside the urbanized stretch, estimated N2O fluxes ranged from 110 to 561 μg N m-2 h-1 under non-limited dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions and 133 to 2,229 μg N m-2 h-1 under hypoxic conditions (DO < 2 mg O2 L-1). High spatial and temporal variability in N2O emissions were noted, with the highest emissions in Abraão urban areas. Therefore, the differences observed between N2O fluxes from the studied streams at Abraão seem to be associated with different lotic water body conditions, such as availability of reactive N and DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato P Ribeiro
- Centro Experimental de Monitoramento e Mitigação Ambiental, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lúcio Tavares, 1045, 26530-060, Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Luiz Felipe P Alves
- Centro Experimental de Monitoramento e Mitigação Ambiental, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lúcio Tavares, 1045, 26530-060, Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Clara B de Cerqueira
- Centro Experimental de Monitoramento e Mitigação Ambiental, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lúcio Tavares, 1045, 26530-060, Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Letícia M Mombrini
- Centro Experimental de Monitoramento e Mitigação Ambiental, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lúcio Tavares, 1045, 26530-060, Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil E-mail: ; Departamento de Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heitor Breno P Ferreira
- Centro Experimental de Monitoramento e Mitigação Ambiental, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Lúcio Tavares, 1045, 26530-060, Nilópolis, RJ, Brazil E-mail:
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24
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Xia X, Zhang L, Wang G, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Li Z. Nitrogen loss from a turbid river network based on N 2 and N 2O fluxes: Importance of suspended sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143918. [PMID: 33316525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riverine nitrogen loss makes a large contribution to the global nitrogen budget. However, little research has focused on nitrogen loss from large turbid rivers with high suspended sediment (SPS) concentrations. In this work, nitrogen loss amounts and related drivers were studied across fluvial networks of the Yellow River, the largest turbid river in the world, based on in situ measurement of nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes at the water-air interface via the diffusion model and floating chamber methods, respectively. The results showed that N2 and N2O fluxes from the Yellow River ranged from -2.93 to 48.54 mmol m-2 d-1 and from 2.42 to 712.23 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively, with the nitrogen loss amount estimated to be 5.56 × 107 kg N yr-1 for the Yellow River, including the mainstem and main tributaries. Other than nitrogen compounds and water temperature, nitrogen loss from the Yellow River was also affected by SPS. Both N2 flux: DIN and N2O flux: DIN ratios increased remarkably in the middle reaches, probably due to a sharp increase of SPS concentration in this section. Furthermore, greater SPS concentrations were a main cause for the higher N2O flux in the middle reaches than those in the other reaches of the Yellow River, and the possible effect of SPS was stronger on N2O flux than on N2 flux. This study demonstrates the importance of SPS in nitrogen loss from large turbid rivers, and more research is demanded to further clarify the role of SPS in riverine nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Research, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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25
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Guo X, Liu J, Liu D, Yang Z, Xiao S, Lorke A. Density currents reduce nitrous oxide emissions in a tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116750. [PMID: 33373947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs are a significant source of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), but there are few data on N2O in the world's largest reservoirs and limited understanding of the factors controlling their emission rates. Here we analyzed high-resolution measurements of dissolved N2O concentrations and fluxes in a typical tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir. The surface water was oversaturated in N2O during both low and high water level (8.6 -16.4 nmol/L, 107% - 180% saturation) and N2O fluxes varied nearly tenfold (0.2 and 1.6 μmol/(m2 h)). Dissolved N2O concentrations were characterized by pronounced vertical gradients, which were controlled by bidirectional density currents. The river water with high concentrations entered the bay as an underflow along the riverbed, the upper part of the water column was formed by intrusive backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir having significantly lower N2O concentrations. In consequence, the N2O emission potential of the impoundment was reduced compared to pre-impoundment conditions. These results reveal the importance of hydraulic conditions on N2O emission from large reservoirs and suggest that flow regulation can be a potential tool for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from manmade impoundments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Defu Liu
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Shangbin Xiao
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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26
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Zhang W, Li H, Xiao Q, Li X. Urban rivers are hotspots of riverine greenhouse gas (N 2O, CH 4, CO 2) emissions in the mixed-landscape chaohu lake basin. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116624. [PMID: 33242788 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that riverine networks surrounding urban landscapes may be hotspots of riverine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study strengthens the evidence by investigating the spatial variability of diffusive GHG (N2O, CH4, CO2) emissions from river reaches that drain from different types of landscapes (i.e., urban, agricultural, mixed, and forest landscapes), in the Chaohu Lake basin of eastern China. Our results showed that almost all the rivers were oversaturated with dissolved GHGs. Urban rivers were identified as emission hotspots, with mean fluxes of 470 μmol m-2d-1 for N2O, 7 mmol m-2d-1 for CH4, and 900 mmol m-2d-1 for CO2, corresponding to ~14, seven, and two times of those from the non-urban rivers in the Chaohu Lake basin, respectively. Factors related to the high N2O and CH4 emissions in urban rivers included large nutrient supply and hypoxic environments. The factors affecting CO2 were similar in all the rivers, which were temperature-dependent with suitable environments that allowed rapid decomposition of organic matter. Overall, this study highlights that better recognition of the influence that river networks have on global warming is required-particularly when it comes to urban rivers, as urban land cover and populations will continue to expand in the future. Management measures should incorporate regional hotspots to more efficiently mitigate GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qitao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Minimization of N2O Emission through Intermittent Aeration in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): Main Behavior and Mechanism. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore the main behavior and mechanism of minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission through intermittent aeration during wastewater treatment, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors operated at intermittently aerated mode (SBR1), and continuously aerated mode (SBR2) were established. Compared with SBR2, the intermittently aerated SBR1 reached not only a higher total nitrogen removal efficiency (averaged 93.5%) but also a lower N2O-emission factor (0.01–0.53% of influent ammonia), in which short-cut nitrification and denitrification were promoted. Moreover, less accumulation and consumption of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a potential endogenous carbon source promoting N2O emission, were observed in SBR1. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrification was the major pathway generating N2O while heterotrophic denitrification played as a sink of N2O, and SBR1 embraced a larger N2O-mitigating capability. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the abundant complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) elevated in the intermittently aerated environment played a potential role in avoiding N2O generation during wastewater treatment. This work provides an in-depth insight into the utilization of proper management of intermittent aeration to control N2O emission from wastewater treatment plants.
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Zhang W, Li H, Xiao Q, Jiang S, Li X. Surface nitrous oxide (N 2O) concentrations and fluxes from different rivers draining contrasting landscapes: Spatio-temporal variability, controls, and implications based on IPCC emission factor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114457. [PMID: 32247923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from river networks as a result of enhanced human activities on landscapes has become a global issue, as N2O has been widely recognized as an important ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. However, indirect N2O emissions from different rivers, particularly for those that drain completely different landscapes, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatial-temporal variability of N2O emissions among the different rivers in the Chaohu Lake Basin of Eastern China. Our results showed that river reaches in urban watersheds are the hotspots of N2O production, with a mean N2O concentration of ∼410 nmol L-1, which is 9-18 times greater than those mainly draining forested (23 nmol L-1), agricultural (42 nmol L-1) and mixed (45 nmol L-1) landscapes. Riverine dissolved N2O was generally supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere. Such N2O saturation can best be explained by nitrogen availability, except for those in the forested watersheds, where dissolved oxygen is thought to be the primary predictor. The estimated N2O fluxes in urban rivers reached ∼471 μmol m-2 d-1, a value of ∼22, 13, and 11 times that in forested, agricultural and mixed watersheds, respectively. Averaged riverine N2O emission factors (EF5r) of the forested, agricultural, urban and mixed watersheds were 0.066%, 0.12%, 0.95% and 0.16%, respectively, showing different deviations from the default EF5r that released by IPCC in 2019. This points to a need for more field measurements with wider spatial coverage and finer frequency to further refine the EF5r and to better reveal the mechanisms behind indirect N2O emissions as influenced by watershed landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qitao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sanyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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29
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Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zhou L, Jang KS, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lee X, Qin B, Brookes JD, Davidson TA, Jeppesen E. Are nitrous oxide emissions indirectly fueled by input of terrestrial dissolved organic nitrogen in a large eutrophic Lake Taihu, China? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:138005. [PMID: 32208291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lakes actively transform nitrogen (N) and emit disproportionately large amounts of N2O relative to their surface area. Studies have investigated the relative importance of denitrification or nitrification on N2O emissions; however, the linkage between N2O efflux and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC) remains largely unknown. Long-term (2012-2017) seasonal field observations and a series of degradation experiments were used to unravel how DON composition impacts N2O emissions from Lake Taihu, China. In the northwestern part of the lake, large riverine inflow and high N2O emissions occur in all seasons (24.6 ± 25.2 μmol m-2 d-1), coincident with high levels of terrestrial DON and DOC here. The degradation of labile DON and DOC likely enhanced ammonification as supported by the correlations between NH4+-N and DON, DOC, a(350), and terrestrial humic-like C3. The area with large riverine inputs in the northwestern part of the lake was characterized by low DO which may enhance incomplete aerobic nitrification and incomplete denitrification, both leading to N2O production. Twenty days laboratory experiments indicated greater N2O production in the northwest inflow samples (N2O on day 20: 120.9 nmol L-1 and 17.3 nmol L-1 for bio- and photo-degradation samples, respectively) compared with the central lake samples (N2O on day 20: 20.3 nmol L-1 and 12.3 nmol L-1 for bio- and photo-degradation samples, respectively), despite both having low Chl-a. Our DON and DOC degradation experiments confirmed the occurrence of ammonification along with consumption of NH4+-N and thereafter NO3--N. Our results collectively suggest that terrestrial DON fueled ammonification, enhanced nitrification and incomplete denitrification, and thereby became an important contributor to the N2O efflux from Lake Taihu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qitao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mi Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, Environment Institute, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
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30
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Qin X, Li Y, Wan Y, Fan M, Liao Y, Li Y, Wang B, Gao Q. Diffusive flux of CH 4 and N 2O from agricultural river networks: Regression tree and importance analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137244. [PMID: 32065892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
River networks in subtropical agricultural hilly region become an inconvenient greenhouse gas (GHG, methane and nitrous oxide) source because of the influence of human activities, which has caused large uncertainties for refinement of national GHG inventories and their global budget. Based on field monitoring experiments at high temporal resolution, we employed regression tree and importance analysis to identify quantitatively factors that influence the diffusive flux of GHGs to provide a scientific basis for reducing GHG emissions and controlling regional carbon and nitrogen losses. The results indicate that significant spatiotemporal variation of methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) diffusion occurs in all the four reaches (W1, W2, W3 and W4) of Tuojia river networks. Among them, W1 contributed lowest CH4 (22.55 μg C m-2 h-1) and N2O (5.00 μg N m-2 h-1) diffusive flux than the other three (P < 0.05), while W4 offered highest CH4 (166.15 μg C m-2 h-1) and N2O (30.47 μg N m-2 h-1) diffusive flux but with no statistically significant difference between W2 and W3 due to homogeneous extraneous nutrition loading into the two reaches. W4 also contributed largest cumulative flux of CH4 (14.55 kg C ha-1 yr-1) and N2O (2.69 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in Tuojia River networks (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the regression tree and importance analysis indicate that, in the anaerobic environment, dissolved oxygen saturation controlled the production and diffusion for both CH4 and N2O. The findings of this investigation highlighted that decision support tools provide an effective pathway to enhance the GHG mitigation technology research in agroecosystems and simultaneously shed light on the global campaign on refinement of national GHG inventories as well as regional nutrient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Qin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yu'e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfan Wan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meirong Fan
- Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian district, Beijing 100081, China
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31
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Villa JA, Smith GJ, Ju Y, Renteria L, Angle JC, Arntzen E, Harding SF, Ren H, Chen X, Sawyer AH, Graham EB, Stegen JC, Wrighton KC, Bohrer G. Methane and nitrous oxide porewater concentrations and surface fluxes of a regulated river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136920. [PMID: 32023513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers are a critical missing component of current global GHG models. Their exclusion is mainly due to a lack of in-situ measurements and a poor understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of GHG production and emissions, which prevents optimal model parametrization. We combined simultaneous observations of porewater concentrations along different beach positions and depths, and surface fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide at a plot scale in a large regulated river during three water stages: rising, falling, and low. Our goal was to gain insights into the interactions between hydrological exchanges and GHG emissions and elucidate possible hypotheses that could guide future research on the mechanisms of GHG production, consumption, and transport in the hyporheic zone (HZ). Results indicate that the site functioned as a net source of methane. Surface fluxes of methane during river water stages at three beach positions (shallow, intermediate and deep) correlated with porewater concentrations of methane. However, fluxes were significantly higher in the intermediate position during the low water stage, suggesting that low residence time increased methane emissions. Vertical profiles of methane peaked at different depths, indicating an influence of the magnitude and direction of the hyporheic mixing during the different river water stages on methane production and consumption. The site acted as either a sink or a source of nitrous oxide depending on the elevation of the water column. Nitrous oxide porewater concentrations peaked at the upper layers of the sediment throughout the different water stages. River hydrological stages significantly influenced porewater concentrations and fluxes of GHG, probably by influencing heterotrophic respiration (production and consumption processes) and transport to and from the HZ. Our results highlight the importance of including dynamic hydrological exchanges when studying and modeling GHG production and consumption in the HZ of large rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Villa
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 323 Hamilton Hall, 611 McKinely Street, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Garrett J Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lupita Renteria
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jordan C Angle
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 W. 12 Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan Arntzen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Samuel F Harding
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Huiying Ren
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Audrey H Sawyer
- School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, 125 Oval Dr S, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily B Graham
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - James C Stegen
- Pacific National Northwest Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 307 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Zhou N, Dang C, Zhao Z, He S, Zheng M, Liu W, Wang X. Role of sludge retention time in mitigation of nitrous oxide emission from a pilot-scale oxidation ditch. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121961. [PMID: 31419708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a focus of attention due to its significant greenhouse effect. In this study, the role of sludge retention time (SRT) in mitigation of N2O emission from a pilot-scale oxidation ditch was systematically investigated. The activated sludge system that operated at SRT of 25 days demonstrated significantly lower N2O emission factor, higher resistance to ammonia overload and aeration failure shock than those obtained at SRT of 15 days no matter which hydraulic retention time (HRT) was adopted. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrification (ND) was the primary mechanism of N2O generation. However, more microbes affiliated with Nitrospira genera were harbored in the system at SRT 25 d, which could effectively avoid nitrite accumulation, a key factor promoting N2O generation by ND. PICRUSt results further suggested the system at SRT 25 d possessed higher genetic potential for N2O reduction reflected by the more abundant nitrous-oxide reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chenyuan Dang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhirong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shishi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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33
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Qin X, Li Y, Goldberg S, Wan Y, Fan M, Liao Y, Wang B, Gao Q, Li Y. Assessment of Indirect N 2O Emission Factors from Agricultural River Networks Based on Long-Term Study at High Temporal Resolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10781-10791. [PMID: 31438664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of indirect emission factors (EF5r) of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural river networks remains challenging, and results are uncertain due to limited data availability. This study compared two methods of assessing EF5r using data from long-term observations at high temporal resolution in a typical agricultural catchment in subtropical central China. The concentration method (method 1) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 method (method 2) were employed to evaluate the emission factor. EF5r estimated using method 1 (i.e., EF5r1) was 0.00077 ± 0.00025 (0.00038-0.00097). EF5r calculated using method 2 (i.e., EF5r2) was lower than EF5r1, with a mean value of 0.00004 (0.000015-0.00012). Both EF5r1 and EF5r2 were significantly lower than the IPCC 2006 default value of 0.0025, suggesting that N2O emissions from China and world river networks may be grossly overestimated. A complex N2O production pathway and diffusion mechanism were responsible for the transfer of N2O from the sediment to river water and then to the atmosphere. These findings provide essential data for refining national greenhouse gas inventories and contribute evidence for downward revision of indirect emission factors adopted by the IPCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Qin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , No.12, Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region , Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha 410125 , China
| | - Stefanie Goldberg
- Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 6502021 , China
| | - Yunfan Wan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , No.12, Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Meirong Fan
- Changsha Environmental Protection College , Changsha 410004 , China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province , Changsha 410125 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , No.12, Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , No.12, Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yu'e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , No.12, Zhongguancun South Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
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34
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Xiao Q, Hu Z, Fu C, Bian H, Lee X, Chen S, Shang D. Surface nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from water bodies of the agricultural watershed in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:185-192. [PMID: 31078090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is one of major emission sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), an important greenhouse gas dominating stratospheric ozone destruction. However, indirect N2O emissions from agriculture watershed water surfaces are poorly understood. Here, surface-dissolved N2O concentration in water bodies of the agricultural watershed in Eastern China, one of the most intensive agricultural regions, was measured over a two-year period. Results showed that the dissolved N2O concentrations varied in samples taken from different water types, and the annual mean N2O concentrations for rivers, ponds, reservoir, and ditches were 30 ± 18, 19 ± 7, 16 ± 5 and 58 ± 69 nmol L-1, respectively. The N2O concentrations can be best predicted by the NO3--N concentrations in rivers and by the NH4+-N concentrations in ponds. Heavy precipitation induced hot moments of riverine N2O emissions were observed during farming season. Upstream waters are hot spots, in which the N2O production rates were two times greater than in non-hotspot locations. The modeled watershed indirect N2O emission rates were comparable to direct emission from fertilized soil. A rough estimate suggests that indirect N2O emissions yield approximately 4% of the total N2O emissions yield from N-fertilizer at the watershed scale. Separate emission factors (EF) established for rivers, ponds, and reservoir were 0.0013, 0.0020, and 0.0012, respectively, indicating that the IPCC (Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change) default value of 0.0025 may overestimate the indirect N2O emission from surface water in eastern China. EF was inversely correlated with N loading, highlighting the potential constraints in the IPCC methodology for water with a high anthropogenic N input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Congsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shutao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Dongyao Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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35
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Tumendelger A, Alshboul Z, Lorke A. Methane and nitrous oxide emission from different treatment units of municipal wastewater treatment plants in Southwest Germany. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209763. [PMID: 30608974 PMCID: PMC6319721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the atmospheric emission rates of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in two wastewater treatment plants in Southwest Germany, which apply different treatment technologies. Dissolved gas concentrations and fluxes were measured during all processing steps as well as in the discharge receiving streams. N2O isotopocule analysis revealed that NH2OH oxidation during nitrification contributed 86–96% of the N2O production in the nitrification tank, whereas microbial denitrification was the main production pathway in the denitrification tank in a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system. During wastewater treatment using a modified Ludzack-Ettinger system (MLE) with energy recovery, N2O was predominantly produced by the NO2- reduction by nitrifier-denitrification process. For both systems, N2O emissions were low, with emission factors of 0.008% and 0.001% for the MLE and the CAS system, respectively. In the effluent-receiving streams, bacterial denitrification and nitrification contributed nearly equally to N2O production. The CH4 emission from the MLE system was estimated as 118.1 g-C d-1, which corresponds to an emission factor of 0.004%, and was three times lower than the emission from the CAS system with 0.01%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzaya Tumendelger
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Bayanzurkh district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Zeyad Alshboul
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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36
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Wang G, Wang J, Xia X, Zhang L, Zhang S, McDowell WH, Hou L. Nitrogen removal rates in a frigid high-altitude river estimated by measuring dissolved N 2 and N 2O. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:318-328. [PMID: 30025239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are important sites of both nitrogen removal and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas. Previous measurements have focused on nitrogen-rich temperate rivers, with cold, low-nitrogen river systems at high-altitude receiving less attention. Here, nitrogen removal rates were estimated by directly measuring dissolved N2 and N2O of the Yellow River in its source region of the Tibetan Plateau, a frigid high-altitude environment. We measured the dissolved N2 and N2O using N2:Ar ratio method and headspace equilibrium technique, respectively. Dissolved N2 in the river water ranged from 337 to 513 μmol N2 L-1, and dissolved N2O ranged from 10.4 to 15.4 nmol N2O L-1. Excess dissolved N2 (△N2) ranged from -8.6 to 10.5 μmol N2 L-1, while excess dissolved N2O (△N2O) ranged from 2.1 to 8.3 nmol N2O L-1; they were relatively low compared with most other rivers in the world. However, N2 removal fraction (△N2/DIN, average 21.6%) and EF5r values (N2O - N/NO3 - N, range 1.6 × 10-4-5.0 × 10-2) were comparable with many other rivers despite the high altitude for the Yellow River source region. Furthermore, the EF5r values increased with altitude. Estimated fluxes of N2 and N2O to the atmosphere from the river surface ranged from -67.5 to 93.5 mmol N m-2 d-1 and from 4.8 to 93.8 μmol N m-2 d-1, respectively, and the nitrogen removal from rivers was estimated to be 1.87 × 107 kg N yr-1 for the Yellow River source region. This is the first report of nitrogen removal for a frigid high-altitude river; the results suggest that N removal and N2O emission from cold high-altitude rivers should be considered in the global nitrogen budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Liwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - William H McDowell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Masuda S, Otomo S, Maruo C, Nishimura O. Contribution of dissolved N 2O in total N 2O emission from sewage treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:821-827. [PMID: 30193230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of nitrous oxide, N2O, from a sewage treatment plant, which conducts nitrogen removal, and the river that receives its effluent water, were investigated by intensive daily surveys in summer and winter. N2O production in the sewage treatment plant was promoted in winter when nitrite accumulated in the reaction tank. The dissolved N2O concentration in the effluent water was also high in winter, which caused the dissolved N2O concentration to increase in the river downstream. In contrast, the N2O production inside the plant and the dissolved N2O emission through the effluent water, the dissolved N2O discharge, was controlled in summer when the nitrogen removal was more complete and there was no-nitrite accumulation. The dissolved N2O in the effluent water was rapidly lost after leaving the plant by as much as 26% in summer and 59% in winter. Additionally, the amount of the dissolved N2O discharge in winter was almost equal to that of the indirect N2O emission. When the nitrogen removal proceeded successfully, the amount of dissolved N2O discharge was small. In contrast, when the nitrogen removal was insufficient, the dissolved N2O discharge became an important N2O source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Masuda
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, Bunkyo-cho 1-1, Iijima, Akita, Akita, Japan.
| | - Shohei Otomo
- Technology Education Support Center, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, Bunkyo-cho 1-1, Iijima, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Chikako Maruo
- Technical Division, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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38
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Fries AE, Schifman LA, Shuster WD, Townsend-Small A. Street-level emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from the wastewater collection system in Cincinnati, Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:247-256. [PMID: 29414346 PMCID: PMC6537879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that urban streets can be hotspots for emissions of methane (CH4) from leaky natural gas lines, particularly in cities with older natural gas distribution systems. The objective of the current study was to determine whether leaking sewer pipes could also be a source of street-level CH4 as well as nitrous oxide (N2O) in Cincinnati, Ohio, a city with a relatively new gas pipeline network. To do this, we measured the carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δ2H) stable isotopic composition of CH4 to distinguish between biogenic CH4 from sewer gas and thermogenic CH4 from leaking natural gas pipelines and measured CH4 and N2O flux rates and concentrations at sites from a previous study of street-level CH4 enhancements (77 out of 104 sites) as well as additional sites found through surveying sewer grates and utility manholes (27 out of 104 sites). The average isotopic signatures for δ13C-CH4 and δ2H-CH4 were -48.5‰ ± 6.0‰ and -302‰ ± 142‰. The measured flux rates ranged from 0.0 to 282.5 mg CH4 day-1 and 0.0-14.1 mg N2O day-1 (n = 43). The average CH4 and N2O concentrations measured in our study were 4.0 ± 7.6 ppm and 392 ± 158 ppb, respectively (n = 104). 72% of sites where fluxes were measured were a source of biogenic CH4. Overall, 47% of the sampled sites had biogenic CH4, while only 13% of our sites had solely thermogenic CH4. The other sites were either a source of both biogenic and thermogenic CH4 (13%), and a relatively large portion of sites had an unresolved source (29%). Overall, this survey of emissions across a large urban area indicates that production and emission of biogenic CH4 and N2O is considerable, although CH4 fluxes are lower than those reported for cities with leaky natural gas distribution systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E Fries
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology-Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Laura A Schifman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - William D Shuster
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Amy Townsend-Small
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, 500 Geology-Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
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Masuda S, Sano I, Hojo T, Li YY, Nishimura O. The comparison of greenhouse gas emissions in sewage treatment plants with different treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:581-590. [PMID: 29169134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from different sewage treatment plants: oxidation ditch process, double-circulated anoxic-oxic process and anoxic-oxic process were evaluated based on the survey. The methane and nitrous oxide characteristics were discussed based on the gaseous and dissolved gas profiles. As a result, it was found that methane was produced in the sewer pipes and the primary sedimentation tank. Additionally, a ventilation system would promote the gasification of dissolved methane in the first treatment units. Nitrous oxide was produced and emitted in oxic tanks with nitrite accumulation inside the sewage treatment plant. A certain amount of nitrous oxide was also discharged as dissolved gas through the effluent water. If the amount of dissolved nitrous oxide discharge is not included, 7-14% of total nitrous oxide emission would be overlooked. Based on the greenhouse gas calculation, electrical consumption and the N2O emission from incineration process were major sources in all the plants. For greenhouse gas reduction, oxidation ditch process has an advantage over the other advanced systems due to lower energy consumption, sludge production, and nitrogen removal without gas stripping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Masuda
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, Bunkyocho 1-1, Iijima, Akita, Japan.
| | - Itsumi Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Hojo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Hu B, Wang D, Zhou J, Meng W, Li C, Sun Z, Guo X, Wang Z. Greenhouse gases emission from the sewage draining rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1454-1462. [PMID: 28903174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration, saturation and fluxes in rivers (Beitang drainage river, Dagu drainage rive, Duliujianhe river, Yongdingxinhe river and Nanyunhe river) of Tianjin city (Haihe watershed) were investigated during July and October in 2014, and January and April in 2015 by static headspace gas chromatography method and the two-layer model of diffusive gas exchange. The influence of environmental variables on greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentration under the disturbance of anthropogenic activities was discussed by Spearman correlative analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that the concentration and fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O were seasonally variable with >winter>fall>summer, spring>summer>winter>fall and summer>spring>winter>fall for concentrations and spring>summer>fall>winter, spring>summer>winter>fall and summer>spring>fall>winter for fluxes respectively. The GHGs concentration and saturation were higher in comprehensively polluted river sites and lower in lightly polluted river sites. The three GHGs emission fluxes in two sewage draining rivers of Tianjin were clearly higher than those of other rivers (natural rivers) and the spatial variation of CH4 was more obvious than the others. CO2 and N2O air-water interface emission fluxes of the sewage draining rivers in four seasons were about 1.20-2.41 times and 1.13-3.12 times of those in the natural rivers. The CH4 emission fluxes of the sewage draining rivers were 3.09 times in fall to 10.87 times in spring of those in the natural rivers in different season. The wind speed, water temperature and air temperature were related to GHGs concentrations. Nitrate and nitrite (NO3-+NO2--N) and ammonia (NH4+-N) were positively correlated with CO2 concentration and CH4 concentration; and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was negatively correlated with CH4 concentration and N2O concentration. The effect of human activities on carbon and nitrogen cycling in river is great.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Hu
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weiqing Meng
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Chongwei Li
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zongbin Sun
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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41
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Descloux S, Chanudet V, Serça D, Guérin F. Methane and nitrous oxide annual emissions from an old eutrophic temperate reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:959-972. [PMID: 28468122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two greenhouse gases -methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - were monitored monthly during one year (2011) at the Eguzon Reservoir in France. The objective of the study was to quantify for the first time in a temperate area the total emissions of these gases through the main emission pathways (diffusion and bubbling from the reservoir, degassing and downstream diffusion). The reservoir was impounded in 1926 and had, in 2011, a eutrophic status promoting high organic matter degradation and nitrification-denitrification, all favouring CH4 and N2O production. CH4 and N2O emissions were dominated by diffusion from the reservoir surface (respectively 78.0% and 92.3%). Ebullition was only observed for CH4 and accounted for 14.0% of total CH4 emissions. Downstream degassing and diffusion represented 8.1% of the total CH4 emissions and 7.7% of the total N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Descloux
- EDF - Hydro Engineering Centre - Environmental and Society Department - Savoie-Technolac, 73373 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France
| | - V Chanudet
- EDF - Hydro Engineering Centre - Environmental and Society Department - Savoie-Technolac, 73373 Le Bourget-du-Lac, France.
| | - D Serça
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, UMR5560, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Guérin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS GET, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 234, GET, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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42
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Smith RM, Kaushal SS, Beaulieu JJ, Pennino MJ, Welty C. Influence of infrastructure on water quality and greenhouse gas dynamics in urban streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14. [PMID: 32665782 DOI: 10.5194/bg-14-2831-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streams and rivers are significant sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) globally, and watershed management can alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from streams. We hypothesized that urban infrastructure significantly alters downstream water quality and contributes to variability in GHG saturation and emissions. We measured gas saturation and estimated emission rates in headwaters of two urban stream networks (Red Run and Dead Run) of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research project. We identified four combinations of stormwater and sanitary infrastructure present in these watersheds, including: (1) stream burial, (2) inline stormwater wetlands, (3) riparian/floodplain preservation, and (4) septic systems. We selected two first order catchments in each of these categories and measured GHG concentrations, emissions, and dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) and nutrient concentrations biweekly for 1 year. From a water quality perspective, the DOC : NO3 - ratio of streamwater was significantly different across infrastructure categories. Multiple linear regressions including DOC : NO3 - and other variables (dissolved oxygen, DO; total dissolved nitrogen, TDN; and temperature) explained much of the statistical variation in nitrous oxide (N2O, r2 = 0.78), carbon dioxide (CO2, r2 = 0.78) and methane (CH4, r 2 = 0.50) saturation in stream water. We measured N2O saturation ratios, which were among the highest reported in the literature for streams, ranging from 1.1 to 47 across all sites and dates. N2O saturation ratios were highest in streams draining watersheds with septic systems and strongly correlated with TDN. The CO2 saturation ratio was highly correlated with the N2O saturation ratio across all sites and dates, and the CO2 saturation ratio ranged from 1.1 to 73. CH4 was always supersaturated, with saturation ratios ranging from 3.0 to 2157. Longitudinal surveys extending form headwaters to third-order outlets of Red Run and Dead Run took place in spring and fall. Linear regressions of these data yielded significant negative relationships between each gas with increasing watershed size as well as consistent relationships between solutes (TDN or DOC, and DOC : TDN ratio) and gas saturation. Despite a decline in gas saturation between the headwaters and stream outlet, streams remained saturated with GHGs throughout the drainage network, suggesting that urban streams are continuous sources of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Our results suggest that infrastructure decisions can have significant effects on downstream water quality and greenhouse gases, and watershed management strategies may need to consider coupled impacts on urban water and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Geology, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jake J Beaulieu
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Michael J Pennino
- US Environmental Protection Agency National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.,Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Claire Welty
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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43
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Wang H, Zhang L, Yao X, Xue B, Yan W. Dissolved nitrous oxide and emission relating to denitrification across the Poyang Lake aquatic continuum. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 52:130-140. [PMID: 28254031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most aquatic ecosystems contribute elevated N2O to atmosphere due to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen loading. To further understand the spatial heterogeneity along an aquatic continuum from the upriver to wetland to lake to downriver, the study was conducted on spatial variations in N2O emission along Poyang Lake aquatic continuum during the flood season from 15 July 2013 to 10 August 2013. The results showed the N2O concentrations, the ratio of N2O/dinitrogen (N2) gases production, N2O emission and denitrification rates ranged from 0.10 to 1.11μgN/L, -0.007% to 0.051%, -9.73 to 127μgN/m2/hr and 1.33×104 to 31.9×104μgN2/m2/hr, respectively, across the continuum. The average N2O concentrations, the ratio of N2O/N2 and N2O emission was significantly lower in wetlands as compared to the rivers and lake (p<0.01). The significantly high denitrification rate and low N2O emission together highlighted that most N2O can be converted into N2 via near complete denitrification in the Poyang Lake wetlands. Our study suggests that the wetlands might impact N2O budget in an integrated aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, N2O emission from different aquatic ecosystem should be considered separately when quantifying the regional budget in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weijin Yan
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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44
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Hu M, Chen D, Dahlgren RA. Modeling nitrous oxide emission from rivers: a global assessment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:3566-3582. [PMID: 27170579 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of global riverine nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions contain great uncertainty. We conducted a meta-analysis incorporating 169 observations from published literature to estimate global riverine N2 O emission rates and emission factors. Riverine N2 O flux was significantly correlated with NH4 , NO3 and DIN (NH4 + NO3 ) concentrations, loads and yields. The emission factors EF(a) (i.e., the ratio of N2 O emission rate and DIN load) and EF(b) (i.e., the ratio of N2 O and DIN concentrations) values were comparable and showed negative correlations with nitrogen concentration, load and yield and water discharge, but positive correlations with the dissolved organic carbon : DIN ratio. After individually evaluating 82 potential regression models based on EF(a) or EF(b) for global, temperate zone and subtropical zone datasets, a power function of DIN yield multiplied by watershed area was determined to provide the best fit between modeled and observed riverine N2 O emission rates (EF(a): R2 = 0.92 for both global and climatic zone models, n = 70; EF(b): R2 = 0.91 for global model and R2 = 0.90 for climatic zone models, n = 70). Using recent estimates of DIN loads for 6400 rivers, models estimated global riverine N2 O emission rates of 29.6-35.3 (mean = 32.2) Gg N2 O-N yr-1 and emission factors of 0.16-0.19% (mean = 0.17%). Global riverine N2 O emission rates are forecasted to increase by 35%, 25%, 18% and 3% in 2050 compared to the 2000s under the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment's Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Technogarden, and Adapting Mosaic scenarios, respectively. Previous studies may overestimate global riverine N2 O emission rates (300-2100 Gg N2 O-N yr-1 ) because they ignore declining emission factor values with increasing nitrogen levels and channel size, as well as neglect differences in emission factors corresponding to different nitrogen forms. Riverine N2 O emission estimates will be further enhanced through refining emission factor estimates, extending measurements longitudinally along entire river networks and improving estimates of global riverine nitrogen loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Alshboul Z, Encinas-Fernández J, Hofmann H, Lorke A. Export of Dissolved Methane and Carbon Dioxide with Effluents from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5555-5563. [PMID: 27160023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters play an important role for regional and global scale carbon cycling and are significant sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Although most studies considered the input of terrestrially derived organic and inorganic carbon as the main sources for these emissions, anthropogenic sources have rarely been investigated. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be additional sources of carbon by discharging the treated wastewater into the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. Here we analyze seasonally resolved measurements of dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations in effluents and receiving streams at nine WWTPs in Germany. We found that effluent addition significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the streamwater. Downstream of the WWTPs, the concentrations of dissolved CH4 and CO2 were enhanced and the atmospheric fluxes of both gases increased by a factor of 1.2 and 8.6, respectively. The CH4 exported with discharged effluent, however, accounted for only a negligible fraction (0.02%) of the estimated total CH4 emissions during the treatment process. The CH4 concentration in the effluent water was linearly related to the organic load of the wastewater, which can provide an empirical basis for future attempts to add WWTPs inputs to regional-scale models for inland water-carbon fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Alshboul
- University of Koblenz-Landau , Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Jorge Encinas-Fernández
- University of Konstanz , Limnological Institute, Environmental Physics, Mainaustr. 252, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hilmar Hofmann
- University of Konstanz , Limnological Institute, Environmental Physics, Mainaustr. 252, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- University of Koblenz-Landau , Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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46
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Samson CC, Rajagopalan B, Summers RS. Modeling Source Water TOC Using Hydroclimate Variables and Local Polynomial Regression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4413-4421. [PMID: 26998784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To control disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in drinking water, an understanding of the source water total organic carbon (TOC) concentration variability can be critical. Previously, TOC concentrations in water treatment plant source waters have been modeled using streamflow data. However, the lack of streamflow data or unimpaired flow scenarios makes it difficult to model TOC. In addition, TOC variability under climate change further exacerbates the problem. Here we proposed a modeling approach based on local polynomial regression that uses climate, e.g. temperature, and land surface, e.g., soil moisture, variables as predictors of TOC concentration, obviating the need for streamflow. The local polynomial approach has the ability to capture non-Gaussian and nonlinear features that might be present in the relationships. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated using source water quality and climate data in three case study locations with surface source waters including river and reservoir sources. The models show good predictive skill in general at these locations, with lower skills at locations with the most anthropogenic influences in their streams. Source water TOC predictive models can provide water treatment utilities important information for making treatment decisions for DBP regulation compliance under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh C Samson
- University of Colorado Boulder , Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, 428 UCB, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Balaji Rajagopalan
- University of Colorado Boulder , Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, 428 UCB, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - R Scott Summers
- University of Colorado Boulder , Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, 428 UCB, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
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Ming T, de Richter R, Shen S, Caillol S. Fighting global warming by greenhouse gas removal: destroying atmospheric nitrous oxide thanks to synergies between two breakthrough technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6119-38. [PMID: 26805926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Even if humans stop discharging CO2 into the atmosphere, the average global temperature will still increase during this century. A lot of research has been devoted to prevent and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere, in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the technologies that might help to limit emissions. In complement, direct CO2 removal from the atmosphere has been proposed after the emissions have occurred. But, the removal of all the excess anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 will not be enough, due to the fact that CO2 outgases from the ocean as its solubility is dependent of its atmospheric partial pressure. Bringing back the Earth average surface temperature to pre-industrial levels would require the removal of all previously emitted CO2. Thus, the atmospheric removal of other greenhouse gases is necessary. This article proposes a combination of disrupting techniques to transform nitrous oxide (N2O), the third most important greenhouse gas (GHG) in terms of current radiative forcing, which is harmful for the ozone layer and possesses quite high global warming potential. Although several scientific publications cite "greenhouse gas removal," to our knowledge, it is the first time innovative solutions are proposed to effectively remove N2O or other GHGs from the atmosphere other than CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhen Ming
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Renaud de Richter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - UMR5253 CNRS-UM2 - ENSCM-UM1 - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - UMR5253 CNRS-UM2 - ENSCM-UM1 - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Zhang T, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Dahlgren RA. Spatial and temporal variability in nitrous oxide and methane emissions in urban riparian zones of the Pearl River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1552-1564. [PMID: 26377967 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variability in nitrous oxide and methane emissions were quantified in three seasons using closed chambers in three riparian zone locations of three branches of the Pearl River, Guangzhou, China. The sampling sites were selected in a rapidly developing urban area of Guangzhou and represented a pollution gradient. The results show that urban riparian landscapes can be large source areas for CH4 and N2O, with fluxes of -0.035∼32.30 mg m(-2) h(-1) and -5.49∼37.31 μg m(-2) h(-1), respectively. River water quality, sediment texture, and NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations correlated with N2O and CH4 emission rates. The riparian zones of the more seriously polluted tributaries showed higher greenhouse gas fluxes than that of the less polluted main stem of the Pearl River. Rain events increased emissions of CH4 by 6.5∼21.3 times and N2O by 2.2∼5.7 times. The lower concentrations of heavy metals increased the activity of denitrifying enzymes while inhibited the methane producing pathways. This work demonstrates that rapidly developing urban areas are an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, which is conditioned by various environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Zhang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Huang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26216994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503598112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N2O is an important greenhouse gas and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Its deleterious effects on the environment have prompted appeals to regulate emissions from agriculture, which represents the primary anthropogenic source in the global N2O budget. Successful implementation of mitigation strategies requires robust bottom-up inventories that are based on emission factors (EFs), simulation models, or a combination of the two. Top-down emission estimates, based on tall-tower and aircraft observations, indicate that bottom-up inventories severely underestimate regional and continental scale N2O emissions, implying that EFs may be biased low. Here, we measured N2O emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt using a chamber-based approach and analyzed the data as a function of Strahler stream order (S). N2O fluxes from headwater streams often exceeded 29 nmol N2O-N m(-2) ⋅ s(-1) and decreased exponentially as a function of S. This relation was used to scale up riverine emissions and to assess the differences between bottom-up and top-down emission inventories at the local to regional scale. We found that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indirect EF for rivers (EF5r) is underestimated up to ninefold in southern Minnesota, which translates to a total tier 1 agricultural underestimation of N2O emissions by 40%. We show that accounting for zero-order streams as potential N2O hotspots can more than double the agricultural budget. Applying the same analysis to the US Corn Belt demonstrates that the IPCC EF5r underestimation explains the large differences observed between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates.
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Chen J, Cao W, Cao D, Huang Z, Liang Y. Nitrogen loading and nitrous oxide emissions from a river with multiple hydroelectric reservoirs. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:633-639. [PMID: 25813369 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
River networks receive a large fraction of the anthropogenic nitrogen applied to river catchments. The different impacts of the stream nitrogen (N) loading on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from various of aquatic ecosystems are still unknown. In this study, direct measurements of water-air interface N2O exchange in different water bodies were conducted. Results showed that the water-air interface N2O exchange from tributaries, hydropower station reservoirs, a main stream, and its estuary were 10.14 ± 13.51, 15.64 ± 10.72, 27.59 ± 20.99, and 15.98 ± 12.26 µg N2O-N m(-2) h(-1), respectively, indicating the strong impacts of human activities on N2O emission rates. The water NO2 (-)-N values predicted the dissolved N2O concentrations better than did the NO3 (-)-N and NH4 (+)-N values, indicating strong denitrification and nitrification processes. The dissolved inorganic N explained 36 % of the variations in the N2O emissions for the whole river network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, China
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