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Son S, Jang Y, Lee H. Age-Dependent Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02094-4. [PMID: 39369169 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Self-esteem is a powerful protective factor against depressive symptoms, with cognitive vulnerability theory suggesting that early self-esteem more strongly predicts later depressive symptoms than vice versa. While some meta-analyses have examined these relationships, limited knowledge exists on the prospective relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms, particularly how it changes with age. This study conducted a longitudinal meta-analysis of nine studies (20,733 participants) on the prospective relationship between self-esteem and depressive symptoms in Korean children and adolescents. Relationships were analyzed by integrating the effect sizes of 22 zero-order correlations and 17 partial correlations and examining age-related changes. The results indicated significant negative correlations in both zero-order and partial correlations. Age-related changes showed a reverse U-shape trend in partial correlations, with the strongest negative association during childhood, weakening until age 14, and then strengthening again. Moderator analysis revealed no significant effect size variation based on publication type or gender proportion, but more recent birth cohorts exhibited a stronger negative relationship in zero-order correlations. Significant differences were also found based on the measurement instrument of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions to enhance self-esteem and mitigate depressive symptoms, extending the cognitive vulnerability model within Korea's cultural context and providing insights into Korean youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Son
- Innovation Project Group, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoona Jang
- Department of Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tuncay S, Sarman A. Late-night eating and inactivity: Links to depression and suicide risk in adolescents living in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12474. [PMID: 38924640 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders are all common during adolescence. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between eating at night, physical activity, and depression/suicide risk in adolescents. METHODS This study followed a cross-sectional descriptive design and involved collecting data from adolescents aged 13-18 years who attend four different high schools. The data collection was done through an online survey using Google Forms. Sociodemographic form, eating at night questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form), Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, and Suicide Probability Scale were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed electronically using descriptive statistics and correlation tests to examine relationships between different parameters. RESULTS The study revealed significant associations between academic achievement, daily sleep duration, and daily walking distance with depression and suicide probability (p < 0.05) among the participants. Adolescents who consumed food after 10 pm exhibited higher depression and suicide probability scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). Additionally, an analysis of physical activity levels demonstrated that highly active adolescents had lower depression and suicide probability scores. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a significant relationship between eating at night, physical activity, and depression/suicide risk in adolescents. Specifically, academic success, daily sleep duration, daily walking distance, and eating habits were found to be associated with depression and suicide probability. Encouraging physical activity and healthy eating habits, particularly avoiding eating late at night, may be beneficial in reducing the risk of depression and suicide among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Tuncay
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sarman
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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Min A, Murray RM, den Houdyker T, Sabiston CM. Varsity athletes' fitness perceptions, fitness-related self-conscious emotions and depression when sidelined from play. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1955-1960. [PMID: 35816748 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2098035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the association between varsity athletes' fitness perceptions and symptoms of depression while sidelined from sport for an extended period, and test whether fitness-related self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride) mediate this relationship. PARTICIPANTS Varsity athletes (N = 124) from a large university in Canada where sports had been restricted for the past year due to the pandemic. METHOD Participants completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. Regression analyses testing mediation (i.e., direct and indirect effects) were used to explore the main research aim. RESULTS Controlling for age and gender, separate models demonstrated significant indirect effects of fitness perceptions on depression symptoms through shame, guilt, and authentic pride, but not through hubristic pride. CONCLUSION Self-conscious emotions may be used as a tool to mitigate depression symptoms when varsity athletes are sidelined from sport for an extended period. Further research is needed to understand how self-conscious emotions develop when athletes are injured or retired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Min
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Ross M Murray
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Tahla den Houdyker
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA
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Marinelli R, Parker AG, Levinger I, Bourke M, Patten R, Woessner MN. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic training as a treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38710640 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the treatment effect of resistance training in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed for articles published in English from January 1980 to September 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that included at least 4 weeks of resistance training, with participants aged 26 years or younger with clinically elevated anxiety and depression symptoms. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate a pooled effect size of resistance training pre-and post-intervention compared to control groups. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 (RoB 2) and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. RESULTS Ten RCTs involving 376 participants (209 females and 127 males) across educational, clinical, and community based setting were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Resistance training was associated with a significant reduction in depressive (Hedge's g = -1.06, 95% CI -1.61 to -0.51, p < .001) and anxiety (Hedge's g = -1.02, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.54, p < .001) symptoms. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the analysis of depression symptoms (I2 = 79%) and anxiety symptoms (I2 = 66%). Six trials had a low risk of bias, four trials showed some concerns. The GRADE analysis demonstrated a high level of certainty for depressive symptoms and a moderate level for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Resistance training is an effective intervention in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people, delivered across a range of settings. Future trials exploring the effect resistance training interventions with long-term follow up are warranted to understand the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Marinelli
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra G Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Bourke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Peprah P, Oduro MS, Okwei R, Adu C, Asiamah-Asare BY, Agyemang-Duah W. Cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in three countries: implications for prevention and intervention. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:944. [PMID: 38098109 PMCID: PMC10720188 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Countries in South and Central America and the Caribbean are among the countries with the highest adolescent cyberbullying crimes. However, empirical evidence about the effect of cyberbullying victimization on suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in these countries remains limited. The present study examined the association between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in Argentina, Panama, St Vincent, and the Grenadines. METHODS A representative cross-sectional data from 51,405 in-school adolescents was used. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between cyberbulling victimization and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Overall, 20% and 21.1% of the adolescents reported cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation, respectively in the past year before the survey. Suicidal ideation was higher among adolescents who experienced cyberbullying victimization (38.4%) than those who did not experience cyberbullying victimization (16.6%). Significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation were found among adolescents who had experienced cyberbullying victimization than those who had not experienced cyberbullying victimization [aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.77-1.98]. CONCLUSION This finding calls for developing and implementing evidence-based programs and practices by school authorities and other relevant stakeholders to reduce cyberbullying victimization among adolescents in this digital age. Protective factors such as parental support and peer support should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Safo Oduro
- Department of Applied Statistics and Research Methods, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharm Sci and PGS Statistics, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Reforce Okwei
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bernard Yeboah Asiamah-Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Nguyen Ho PT, Ha PBT, Tong T, Bramer WM, Hofman A, Lubans DR, Vernooij MW, Rodriguez-Ayllon M. Mechanisms Linking Physical Activity with Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:2171-2190. [PMID: 37597100 PMCID: PMC10587276 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has been suggested as a protective factor against psychiatric symptoms. While numerous studies have focused on the magnitude of physical activity's effect on psychiatric symptoms, few have examined the potential mechanisms. OBJECTIVE The current review aimed to synthesize scientific evidence of the mechanisms through which physical activity might reduce psychiatric symptoms across the lifespan. METHODS We included articles that were published before March 2022 from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane). A qualitative synthesis of studies was conducted. The risk of bias assessment was performed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. Studies were included if they explored the possible mechanisms through which physical activity influences psychiatric symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms) across the lifespan. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were included (three randomized controlled trials, four non-randomized controlled trials, three prospective longitudinal studies, and 12 cross-sectional studies). Overall, most of the studies focused on children, adolescents, and young adults. Our findings showed that self-esteem, self-concept, and self-efficacy were the only consistent paths through which physical activity influences psychiatric symptoms (specifically depressive and anxiety symptoms) across the lifespan. There were insufficient studies to determine the role of neurobiological mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Overall, future physical activity interventions with the purpose of improving mental health should consider these mechanisms (self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy) to develop more effective interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of this study was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42021239440) and published in April 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thuy Nguyen Ho
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pham Bich Tram Ha
- VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Thao Tong
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shakib Haji Agha R, Kachooei M. The mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and postpartum depression in Iranian women. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:344. [PMID: 38144036 PMCID: PMC10743989 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1038_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression leaves irredeemable impacts on a mother's mental health and her child. Little is known about the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and body image concerns or postpartum depression. The present study examines the mediating role of body image concerns in the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and postpartum depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a correlational study, 227 women were selected through a convenience sampling method from all women in the postpartum period in medical centers in 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The participants were asked to fill out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40) by Andrews et al., and the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI). The collected data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Amos 24 and SPSS 21 software. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between body image concern, immature defense mechanisms, and postpartum depression. Furthermore, body image concern was a mediator in the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and postpartum depression. The immature defense mechanisms had an indirect positive impact on depression due to the concerns over one's body image after giving birth (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Immature defense mechanisms and body image concerns can increase the risk of postpartum depression. Therefore, providing mental health and psychiatric services to expecting mothers is an effective tool to decrease the activation of immature defense mechanisms, which would reduce their body image concerns and prevent them from falling into postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shakib Haji Agha
- Department of Psychology, Humanities Faculty, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kachooei
- Department of Psychology, Humanities Faculty, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Carter JS, McNair G, Bushnell A, Saldana L, Grant KE. Sports Participation, Frequency, and Competence Differentially Impact Youth Depressive, Anxious, and Somatic Symptoms: Gender, Neighborhood, and Sports Type Effects. Ment Health Phys Act 2023; 25:100562. [PMID: 38053916 PMCID: PMC10695357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are prevalent in adolescence, but sports participation may offer mental health benefits through this developmental period and beyond. Characteristics of sports participation including perceived frequency and competence may differentially predict adolescent depressive, anxious, and somatic symptoms over time and results may further vary according to gender, neighborhood context, and type of sport engagement. Data were collected at two time-points six months apart from an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 183, female = 51%). Youth sports participation and symptoms were measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Path analyses were used to test for main and moderating effects of sports on symptoms. Results showed that categorical sports participation did not prospectively predict any type of internalizing symptoms, but perceived frequency and competence did. Competence predicted lower levels of symptoms while frequency predicted higher levels of symptoms. These results were further moderated by gender, neighborhood, and sport type such that frequency and competence predicted symptoms for girls and for youth in more resourced neighborhoods and who participated in team sports. These findings highlight the impact that sports participation can have on adolescent mental health in an ethnically diverse sample of urban youth.
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Zhang Y, Li G, Liu C, Guan J, Zhang Y, Shi Z. Comparing the efficacy of different types of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199510. [PMID: 37333923 PMCID: PMC10272399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression disorder is the most commonly diagnosed type of mental illness among youths. Although a plethora of evidence suggests a positive relationship between exercise and lower levels of depression in youths, the findings regarding the variation in magnitude of this relationship are inconclusive with respect to the preventive and therapeutic effects of different types of exercise. This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the best type of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths. Methods A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsychINFO, ProQuest, Wanfang, and CNKI, was conducted to identify relevant research on exercise interventions for depression in youth populations. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.4 according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 Methodological Quality Evaluation Criteria. The network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of all concerned outcomes. The node-splitting method was used to test the local inconsistency of the network meta-analysis. Funnel plots were used to evaluate the potential impact of bias in this study. Result Utilizing data extracted from 58 studies (10 countries, 4,887 participants), we found that for depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI [-1.50, -0.45]). For non-depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI [ -0.66, -0.29]). In the treatment of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.30, 95% CI [ -1.96, -0.64]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.10 -0.72]), mixed exercise (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI [-0.99, -0.35]), and mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.38]) all showed significant efficacy over usual care. For the prevention of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.65, -0.71]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-0.98, -0.47]), mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.93, -0.26]), and mixed exercise (SMD = -1.06, 95% CI [-1.37 to -0.75]) were all significantly effective compared to usual care. According to the test of the surface under the cumulative ranking score (SUCRA), the ranking of exercises for the treatment of depression in depressed youths is as follows: resistance exercise (94.9%) > aerobic exercise (75.1%) > mixed exercise (43.8%) > mind-body exercise (36.2%) > usual care (0%). For the prevention of depression in non-depressed youths, resistance exercise (90.3%) > mixed exercise (81.6%) > aerobic exercise (45.5%) > mind-body exercise (32.6%) > usual care (0%). Resistance exercise thus had the best comprehensive effect on both the treatment and prevention of depression in youths (clusterank value = 1914.04). Subgroup analyses show that a frequency of 3-4 times per week, a duration of 30-60 min, and a length of more than 6 weeks were found to be the most effective interventions for depression (P > 0.001). Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that exercise is a viable intervention for improving depression and anxiety in young individuals. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate type of exercise to optimize treatment and prevention. Specifically, the results suggest that resistance exercise, performed 3-4 times per week, with sessions lasting 30-60 min and a length of more than 6 weeks, yields optimal results for the treatment and prevention of depression in young individuals. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice, particularly given the challenges associated with implementing effective interventions and the economic burden of treating and preventing depression in young people. However, it is worth noting that additional head-to-head studies are necessary to confirm these findings and strengthen the evidence base. Nevertheless, this study provides valuable insights into the role of exercise as a potential treatment and preventative measure for depression in young people. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=374154, identifier: 374154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinliang Guan
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuantong Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Kirklewski SJ, Watson RJ, Lauckner C. The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:106-115. [PMID: 33276164 PMCID: PMC9923398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and gender minority youth frequently experience bullying, which often contributes to higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Given that physical activity (PA) can mitigate depressive symptoms and improve self-esteem, we examined the moderating effect of PA on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth. METHODS Data from the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer National Teen Survey (n = 9890) were analyzed. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the influence of history and frequency of being bullied, PA, and the interaction of these variables on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Simple slopes analyses were used to probe significant interactions. RESULTS Results indicated the importance of accounting for bullying history when examining effects of PA on mental health. PA was negatively related to depression (t = -4.18, p < 0.001) and positively related to self-esteem (t = 12.11, p < 0.001). Bullying frequency was positively related to depression (t = 19.35, p < 0.001) and negatively related to self-esteem (t = -12.46, p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between bullying frequency and PA for depression (t = 4.45, p < 0.001) and self-esteem (t = -4.69, p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses suggested that the positive effects of PA on mental health may be limited to those not bullied because it had a negligible effect on those who were bullied. CONCLUSION Results suggest that sexual and gender minority youth exercise interventions aiming to improve mental health should first address bullying history; otherwise, their effectiveness may be limited to those who have been bullied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Kirklewski
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ryan J Watson
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Carolyn Lauckner
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Khan A, Ahmed KR, Hidajat T, Edwards EJ. Examining the Association between Sports Participation and Mental Health of Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17078. [PMID: 36554958 PMCID: PMC9779287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sports participation has been linked to various health outcomes; however, there is scant literature exploring this relationship in developing countries. We used a mixed method approach to examine the association between sports participation and mental health of Bangladeshi adolescents (n = 320; 13-17 years; 59% boys) and to explore sports preferences and barriers to sports participation across genders. A survey collected team and non-team sports participation, depression, and life satisfaction. Focus groups (16 boys, 16 girls) explored preferences for, and barriers to, sports participation. Regression analysis showed that higher team and non-team sports participation were associated with lower depressive symptoms in boys (β = -1.22, 95% CI:-2.55 to -0.10; β = -2.50, 95% CI:-3.83 to -1.16, respectively), while greater participation in team sports was associated with less depression in girls (β = -2.44, 95% CI:-4.63 to -0.24). Participation in team and non-team sports was positively associated with life satisfaction for boys and girls. Boys reported preferences for playing football and cricket, while girls favored skipping and running. Prolonged time on electronic devices was reported as barriers to sports participation in both genders. Furthermore, household chores, family restrictions, and unsafe environment were reported by girls. Participation in team sports may provide mental health benefits for both genders, while non-team sports may be more beneficial to boys than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Kazi R. Ahmed
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Tarissa Hidajat
- School of Education, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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12
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Song Y, Shi C. Association between sports participation and overall health in children and adolescents. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 51:101718. [PMID: 36801646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence revealed that participating in sports may have benefits for health, but the association between sports participation and self-rated overall health has not been clearly established in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationships between sports participation and self-rated overall health. A national sample of 42,777 (mean age = 9.4 ± 5.2, 48.3% girls) United States children and adolescents completed self-administered questionnaires and were included in the final analysis. The crude and adjusted odds ratio (ORs) and 95% CI were used to analyze the association between sports participation and self-rated overall health. Results indicated that children and adolescents participated in sports were more likely to report better overall health (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.83, 2.02) compared to those not participating in sports. This study found that sport participation was positively associated with self-rated overall health in children and adolescents. This study offers evidence concerning adolescents' health literacy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagang Song
- Department of Physical Education Teaching, Shanghai Sanda University, 201209, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongyan Shi
- School of Physical Education and Humanity, Nanjing Sport Institute, 210014, Nan Jing, China.
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Beserra V, Nussbaum M, Navarrete M, Garrido N. Online physically active academic lessons in COVID-19 times: A pilot study. TEACHING AND TEACHER EDUCATION 2022; 116:103750. [PMID: 35498547 PMCID: PMC9042788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Schools play an important role in promoting physical activity among students. This paper studies the perception of educators, students, and parents about the use of online physically active academic lessons during COVID-19 in the north of Chile. Starting the first week of November 2020, and for a period of five weeks, 323 students, alongside 11 educators, practiced a geometry-based dance routine online. The qualitative analysis results reveal a positive perception of the experience and an increase in physical activity without reducing the amount of time spent on academic activities. There were also improvements in learning, social relationships, and enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Beserra
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Escuela de Diseño e Innovación Tecnológica, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
| | - Miguel Nussbaum
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Departamento Ciencia de la Computación, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Navarrete
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Escuela de Administración y Negocios, 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
| | - Norman Garrido
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Av. Luis Emilio Recabarren 2477, Tarapacá, Chile
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function 10 Years after the Ultra-Endurance Running Event Eco-Trail de Paris® 2011. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148268. [PMID: 35886119 PMCID: PMC9318254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Regular and moderate physical activity is beneficial for physical and mental health, resulting in an increase in life expectancy for both sexes. From a cardiovascular point of view, although the benefits of regular moderate physical exercise have been established, the long-term effects of repeated ultra-endurance running events are still unknown. Hypothesis: The aim of our study is to evaluate the 10-year evolution of the parameters of the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions of amateur subjects regularly practising ultra-endurance running events using resting echocardiography. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Level of evidence: Level 3—non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study. Methods: The 66 participants who participated in the 2011 edition of the Eco-Trail de Paris® were contacted by e-mail. Demographic data, sports practice, and the results of an echocardiography scan carried out during the year 2021 evaluating left ventricular systolic and diastolic function variables were collected. Echographic variables from 2011 and 2021 were compared using the paired Student’s t-test. Results: Forty-six (70%) participants responded positively. Twenty (30%) participants could not be reached and were not analysed. Of the 46 respondents, 42 (91%) provided data from a trans-thoracic cardiac ultrasound performed in 2021. Over the past 10 years, the participants reported having completed an average of 4 ± 2 ultra-trails per year. No significant differences were observed between left ventricular diastolic and systolic echocardiographic parameters between the years 2011 and 2021. Conclusions: Among amateur participants, long-distance running is not associated with an alteration in the echocardiographic parameters of resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after 10 years of practice. Clinical relevance: Long-term long-distance running practice is not associated with left ventricular cardiac function alteration. These results suggest a potential adaptation role of the cardiovascular system to regular and moderate long-distance running practice.
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Physical Education and Sports: A Backbone of the Entire Community in the Twenty-First Century. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127296. [PMID: 35742543 PMCID: PMC9224293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current state of physical inactivity of people can be traced back to the people who have been denied their fundamental human right to physical education and participation in school sports (PES). Growing up without the fundamental human right to free movement and participation in sports activities enabled students to stay physically inactive. The purpose of this study was to explore what is currently known about the role of PES in all areas of human development and SDGs and to raise awareness about PES, which has been shown to be on the decline. To increase the study’s overall efficacy, an external desk research approach was employed to gather relevant information published online: reports, policies, charters, recommendations, and other relevant articles from various electronic databases and websites of international organizations responsible for PES, culture, and health. PES benefits are discussed in all domains of human development, including physical and mental health, cognitive, psychosocial, and moral benefits. Contrary to its importance to human growth as a whole, PES has been sidelined since the end of the twentieth century. An awareness of the subject of PES has thus been raised as a backbone of the entire community in the twenty-first century, so as to translate the promises and policies of PES into realities and practices.
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Hopkins CS, Hopkins C, Kanny S, Watson A. A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Sport Participation among Adolescent Females. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063353. [PMID: 35329041 PMCID: PMC8950299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sport participation provides a direct means to attain health-enhancing physical activity; however, sport participation declines during adolescence, and over 85% of adolescent females fail to meet the recommended 60 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity daily. Given the importance of overcoming barriers to sport and increasing equity in women’s sports, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify factors associated with sport participation among adolescent girls and operationalize those factors into theoretical constructs to guide future research. Six databases were systematically searched, and 36 records were included for review. Factors impacting girls’ sport participation were categorized as personal, peer, family, socioeconomic, environmental, or other factors. Of these categories, personal factors, including self perceptions and desirable personal outcomes related to sport, were most frequently associated with sport participation. Most research on girls’ sport participation lacks theoretical framework, so to aid future studies, this review categorized important participatory factors into the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Future research would benefit from theory-driven prospective approaches to make clear and consistent predictions about factors impacting sport participation, as well as mixed-method approaches aimed to provide more robust understanding of girls’ experiences with and perceptions of factors impacting their participation in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey S. Hopkins
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chris Hopkins
- Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA;
| | - Samantha Kanny
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Amanda Watson
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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Short breaks at school: effects of a physical activity and a mindfulness intervention on children's attention, reading comprehension, and self-esteem. Trends Neurosci Educ 2021; 25:100160. [PMID: 34844692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although breaks are essential to restoring cognitive and psychological conditions for learning, short breaks within school lessons are not established and the specificity of effects has not often been investigated. Therefore, the effects of a physical activity (Study 1) and a mindfulness intervention (Study 2) were investigated. PROCEDURE By an intervention-control group design, the effects of daily 10-min physical activity (Study 1: N = 162, 4th grade) and mindfulness breaks (Study 2: N = 79, 5th grade) were implemented within regular school lessons over a 2-week time period to research the impact on attention, reading comprehension, and self-esteem. RESULTS In the physical activity intervention children's attention improved (attention-processing speed: p < .004, ηp2 = .05, attention-performance: p < .025, ηp2 = .03), and in the mindfulness intervention reading comprehension improved (p < .012, ηp2 = .08) compared to the controls. Results further indicated that self-esteem moderated the relationship between groups and attention improvement in study 1. CONCLUSION Classroom-based short physical and mindfulness breaks could support attention and reading comprehension, which are known to support overall academic success.
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Cairo AL, Räisänen AM, Shill I, Black AM, Emery CA. High Injury and Concussion Rates in Female Youth Team Sport: An Opportunity for Prevention. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:608-615. [PMID: 34781391 DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate sport-related injury rates, types, locations, and mechanisms in female youth team sports.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. An anonymous online survey was administered to high school students (ages 14-19) in Canada. The survey included questions regarding demographic information, sport participation and self-reported injuries sustained in the past year. Results were analyzed for girls who reported playing a top ten team sports for female participation. For girls participating in team sports, the overall injury rate was 55.5 injuries/100 participants/year. The rate of at least one concussion was 9.4 concussions/100 participants/year. Injury and concussion rates were highest in ringette (Injury rate=42.9 injuries/100 participants/year, Concussion rate=19.0 concussions/100 participants/year) and rugby (Injury rate=40.0, Concussion rate=15.3). The top three most serious injury locations were the knee (24.7%), ankle (21.6%) and head (16.1%). The most common injury types were joint/ligament sprain (26.71%), fracture (13.0%) and concussion (11.8%). Contact mechanisms accounted for 73.4% of all serious injuries reported in girls team sports.Team sport injury rates are high in female youth team sports. Specific consideration of sport-specific injury rates, types and mechanisms in girls' team sports will inform development and evaluation of targeted sport-specific prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Cairo
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy Education, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, United States
| | - Isla Shill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - C A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Gidi NW, Horesa A, Jarso H, Tesfaye W, Tucho GT, Abera M, Abafita J. Prevalence of Low Self-esteem and Mental Distress among Undergraduate Medical Students in Jimma University: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:573-580. [PMID: 34483614 PMCID: PMC8365492 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students often experience chronic stress. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors in the process of psychosocial growth and has remarkable effect on thoughts, feelings, values, and goals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low self-esteem (LSE) and mental distress among Medical Students of Jimma University. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University from June to July, 2018. Self-esteem was measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Self-administered Short form with General Health Questionnaire was used to assess presence of mental distress. Result Out of 422 students enrolled to the study, 279 (66.1%) were male, and 413 (97.9 %) were 18 to 25 years of age. The prevalence of LSE and mental distress were 19.0%, and 19.7 %, respectively. Students who had LSE had 5 times higher risk of having mental distress, AOR= 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Moreover, female students had higher risk of developing mental distress (AOR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). Students who had poor social support were 4.3 times at higher risk of developing LSE, AOR=4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.8). Those who reported to have poor academic performance were also more likely to have LSE AOR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3-10.0). Conclusion One in five medical students had LSE and it is strongly associated with metal distress. Female students were at higher risk of mental distress. Preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health services should be available for medical students with particular attention to those with poor social support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ararsa Horesa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habtemu Jarso
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Workineh Tesfaye
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gudina Terefe Tucho
- Department of Environmental health sciences and technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Abafita
- Department of Economics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Vollmer J, Lohmann J, Giess-Stüber P. Socioeconomic status and global physical self-concept of adolescents: a multilevel structural equation modeling approach. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-020-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe global physical self-concept (GPSC) is a central part of one’s self-definition in adolescence and plays an important role in adolescents’ physical and psychological health. Socioeconomic status (SES) can be assumed to have an impact on GPSC, but this relationship has received little attention thus far. We investigated, therefore, the direct and indirect relationships between SES factors, such as parental educational level, occupational status, and family income, and adolescents’ GPSC. A sample of 966 adolescents from 47 9th-grade classes was examined. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used for the analyses. The results revealed an indirect positive effect of parental educational level on adolescents’ global physical self-concept. The effect was completely mediated by parental occupational status, parental sport participation, adolescents’ social resources, and adolescents’ physical exercise and sport activity. The tested model explained 28% of the variance in adolescents’ global physical self-concept. Implications for the development of suitable interventions to improve the global physical self-concept of adolescents are derived.
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21
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Leggett-James MP, Vanaman ME, Lindner D, Askew RL. The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Exercise Overvaluation Scale. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 43:223-233. [PMID: 33883297 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While regular exercise is associated with a number of physical and mental health benefits, basing one's self-esteem largely on exercise is likely associated with negative outcomes. In the present studies, the authors developed a novel measure of this construct, something they term "exercise overvaluation." In Study 1, 820 participants completed an online survey measuring self-esteem, exercise attitudes and behaviors, and eating disorder symptoms. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to develop the 14-item Exercise Overvaluation Scale. The results provided evidence of discriminant and convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of scale scores. In Study 2, the Exercise Overvaluation Scale was administered to 134 university athletes, including those who participated in intramural sports, club sports, and collegiate athletics. The results from Study 2 supported the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of scale scores. This scale offers researchers a new tool to help understand the relationships among exercise, self-esteem, and physical and mental health outcomes.
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22
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Pila E, Gilchrist JD, Huellemann KL, Adam MEK, Sabiston CM. Body surveillance prospectively linked with physical activity via body shame in adolescent girls. Body Image 2021; 36:276-282. [PMID: 33545529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The socialization of girls to habitually monitor their bodies, via the process of body surveillance, contributes to an increased risk of negative physical and psychological experiences. The present study examined if body surveillance may also contribute to the decrease in physical activity that is observed in girls during adolescence, and if this association is mediated by body shame (operationalized as both experienced and anticipated shame when imagining changes to one's body in the future). Physically active adolescent girls (n = 206) reported body surveillance at baseline, and measures of experienced and anticpated body shame, and physical activity two years later. Body surveillance was indirectly associated with physical activity via the experience and anticipation of body shame. Specifically, the experience of body shame was associated with lower reported engagement in physical activity (b = -0.13, 95 % CI [-0.23, -0.03]), whereas the anticipation of body shame was associated with higher physical activity (b = 0.07, 95 % CI [0.01, 0.15]), possibly for the purpose of appearance management. Due to the opposing directional effects of experienced versus anticipated body shame, it is important to consider both facets of this emotional experience in understanding how vigilant bodily monitoring impacts physical activity engagement in adolescent girls.
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af Wåhlberg AE, Madison G, Aasa U, Yu JJ. Meta-Analytic Analysis of Invariance Across Samples: Introducing a Method That Does Not Require Raw Data. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2020.1843461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Belcher BR, Zink J, Azad A, Campbell CE, Chakravartti SP, Herting MM. The Roles of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness in Promoting Resilience During Adolescence: Effects on Mental Well-Being and Brain Development. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:225-237. [PMID: 33067166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical yet vulnerable period for developing behaviors important for mental well-being. The existing literature suggests that physical activity (PA), exercise, and aerobic fitness promote well-being and reduce risk of mental health problems. In this review, we focus on PA, exercise, and fitness as modifiable resilience factors that may help promote self-regulation via strengthening of top-down control of bottom-up processes in the brain, thereby acting as a buffer against mental health problems during this period of vulnerability. First, we briefly review the link between PA, exercise, and aerobic fitness with mental well-being and reduced mental health problems in adolescence. Then we present how impairments in self-regulation, which involves top-down control to modulate bottom-up processes, are common across a wide range of mental health disorders. Finally, we use the extant neuroimaging literature to highlight how neural systems underlying top-down control continue to develop across adolescence, and propose that PA, exercise, and aerobic fitness may facilitate resilience through strengthening individual brain regions as well as large-scale neural circuits to improve emotional and behavioral regulation. Future neuroimaging studies assessing the effects of PA, exercise, and aerobic fitness at various developmental stages in each sex and studies considering the characteristics (e.g., frequency, intensity, type) and social context of PA and exercise are vital to better understand both macro- and microscale mechanisms by which these behaviors and attributes may facilitate mental health resilience during adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Zink
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anisa Azad
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claire E Campbell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sandhya P Chakravartti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine/Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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25
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McGregor CC, Kaminski PL, McFarland MB. Feeling Fat and Depressed? Dimensions of Self‐Concept That Affect Men. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Pieniążek M, Mańko G, Sosulska A, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Lozinska I, Jarząbek B. Assessing the level of well-being in individuals practicing sport. REHABILITACJA MEDYCZNA 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: There is an increasing body of evidence that physical exercise may have a positive effect on people’s mental condition and well-being. Numerous study results indicate that physical activity helps in the treatment of depression and anxiety. This allows for a conclusion that sport – to a great extent – influences not only people’s physical aspects, but also their psyche. Sedentary lifestyle, time pressure and stress that accompanies people at an increasingly younger age contribute both to higher incidence of numerous civilisation diseases and to problems with mental health. The purpose of the study was to verify whether individuals practicing sports manifest better well-being than non-training individuals.
Methods: A general interview was conducted with 80 students (40 individuals practicing sports and 40 individuals not practicing sports at all), whereupon they were requested to complete the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale questionnaire.
Results: The individuals practicing sport exhibit greater well-being than the subjects from the control group. It was also demonstrated that the males in the study group exhibit greater wellbeing than the females from the same group However, no findings were made that longer duration of a single training session, its frequency or the time when a given person started practicing sport had any influence on his/her well-being.
Conclusions: Practicing sports has a positive influence on people’s well-being. Physical activity should be promoted from as early an age as possible to minimise the risk of numerous diseases in the future, including those affecting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pieniążek
- Department of Rehabilitation in Internal Diseases, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Bronisław Czech University School of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland / Zakład Rehabilitacji w Chorobach Wewnętrznych, Wydział Rehabilitacji Ruchowej, AWF Kraków
| | - Grzegorz Mańko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Medical College (Collegium Medicum) of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland / Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Zakład Biomechaniki i Kinezjologii, UJCM w Krakowie
| | - Angelika Sosulska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Medical College (Collegium Medicum) of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland / Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Zakład Biomechaniki i Kinezjologii, UJCM w Krakowie
| | - Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland / Katedra Turystyki, Rekreacji i Ekologii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
| | - Irina Lozinska
- Doctoral Studies, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Bronisław Czech University School of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland / Studia Doktoranckie, Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu, AWF Kraków
| | - Beata Jarząbek
- SPZOZ Myślenice, Neurology Department, Poland / SPZOZ Myślenice, Oddział Neurologii
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Doré I, Sylvester B, Sabiston C, Sylvestre MP, O’Loughlin J, Brunet J, Bélanger M. Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: a 6-year study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 32005251 PMCID: PMC6993479 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) can promote mental health, but the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well-established. This study examined if perceptions of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediate the association between number of years participating in PA and mental health in adolescence. METHODS Participants included 937 children (55% female) age 10-11 at inception of the longitudinal MATCH study, who provided data every 4 months over 6 years. Mediation analyses were used to assess the natural direct effect of number of years of PA participation (cycles 1-15) during late childhood and adolescence on later mental health (cycle 16), measured with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), and the natural indirect effect through each of self-perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness, and self-report MVPA (cycle 15). RESULTS In single mediator models, indirect effects of autonomy, competence, relatedness and self-report MVPA were statistically significant. In joint mediation models (each of three models including one basic psychological need and MVPA), autonomy, competence and relatedness mediated 71, 27, and 51% of the association respectively; MVPA mediated 27-31% of the association. In the mediation model including all four mediators, relatedness mediated the largest proportion of the association, followed by autonomy and MVPA. CONCLUSION Results support developing strategies to encourage adolescents to engage and remain involved in PA. This could foster perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as MVPA, which in turn may enhance mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Doré
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Jennifer O’Loughlin
- CHUM Research Centre, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, New Brunswick Canada
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, New Brunswick Canada
- Research Services, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, New Brunswick Canada
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Nasstasia Y, Baker AL, Lewin TJ, Halpin SA, Hides L, Kelly BJ, Callister R. Differential treatment effects of an integrated motivational interviewing and exercise intervention on depressive symptom profiles and associated factors: A randomised controlled cross-over trial among youth with major depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:413-423. [PMID: 31610998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is increasingly recognised as an efficacious intervention for major depressive disorder (MDD) but to our knowledge differential treatment effects on depressive symptom profiles (cognitive, somatic and affective) and associated changes in psychological, physiological and behavioural factors have not been examined among youth with MDD. METHODS Sixty-eight participants (mean age 20.8) meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD were randomised to an Immediate intervention or Control/delayed condition (n = 34 per group). The integrated intervention comprised an initial session of motivational interviewing (MI) followed by a 12-week, multi-modal exercise program. Changes in depressive symptom profiles were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) total score and factorial symptom subscales. RESULTS There were significant differential improvements in BDI-II total scores post-treatment among intervention participants, which were also observed across the cognitive and affective subscales. Individual BDI-II items from the cognitive subscale showing significant differential improvement related to negative self-concept, while those from the affective subscale related to interest/activation; the energy item within the somatic subscale also revealed significant differential improvement. Significant differential improvements were also observed in exercise participation, negative automatic thoughts, behavioural activation and bench press repetitions among intervention participants, which correlated significantly with depression improvements. LIMITATIONS The exercise intervention was delivered in a supervised, group format and potential social meditators of change cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Exercise differentially effects depressive symptom profiles with similar antidepressant effects as would be expected from psychological therapies improving negative cognition and emotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Nasstasia
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Terry J Lewin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sean A Halpin
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brian J Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Sneck S, Viholainen H, Syväoja H, Kankaapää A, Hakonen H, Poikkeus AM, Tammelin T. Effects of school-based physical activity on mathematics performance in children: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:109. [PMID: 31752903 PMCID: PMC6873534 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of physical activity (PA) on children's health and wellbeing are well established. However, the benefits of PA on academic performance and particularly on mathematics performance warrant systematic analysis. Mathematics is one of the core subjects in school education globally. METHODS We systematically searched, analysed and synthesized the literature on the effects of school-based PA interventions on mathematics performance in children aged 4-16. A total of 29 studies consisting of randomised trials and other interventions with control groups were identified through a systematic search, and 11 of them provided sufficient data and appropriate design for a meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 29 studies involving 11,264 participants, positive overall effects of a PA intervention on mathematics performance were found in 13 studies (45%) and neutral overall effects in 15 studies (52%). Only one study reported a significant negative result for a subgroup of children in the first half of the intervention. In a risk-of-bias assessment, 12 studies had low, 17 moderate, and none had a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis of 11 studies suggested an overall small positive effect (ES = 0.23) of the interventions. Only one study in the meta-analysis indicated a negative effect in one of the intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS Adding PA to the school day may enhance children's mathematics performance or has no negative effects on performance. Several types of PA interventions can be recommended to be added to the school day.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sneck
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - H Viholainen
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Syväoja
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Kankaapää
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - H Hakonen
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A-M Poikkeus
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, Sabiston CM, Stubbs B. Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:525-539. [PMID: 31586447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
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deJonge M, Mackowiak R, Pila E, Crocker PR, Sabiston CM. The relationship between sport commitment and physical self-concept: Evidence for the self-enhancement hypothesis among adolescent females. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2459-2466. [PMID: 31288678 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1641381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Perceptions of physical self-concept are critical to physical activity participation. In line with the reciprocal effects model of causal ordering (REM), higher perceptions of physical self-concept can function as a facilitator to physical activity, and can arise as a result of engaging in physical activity. While this relationship has been predominantly tested in physical activity contexts, directional tests between physical self-concept and sport specific outcomes are limited. The current study aimed to evaluate the generalizability of the REM to sport commitment and physical self-concept in youth athletes. Over 24 months, adolescent females (N = 215) completed self-report questionnaires at Time 1 (T1) and two years later (Time 2; T2). Using structural equation modeling, the reciprocal effects model demonstrated that the path leading from T1 physical self-concept to T2 sport commitment was significant (p = .02), whereas the path leading from T1 sport commitment to T2 physical self-concept was not significant (p = .23). The results suggest a unidirectional relationship and may underscore the importance of focusing on the physical self-concept in the development of strategies geared towards improving adolescent female's sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M deJonge
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - R Mackowiak
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - E Pila
- School of Kinesiology, Western University , London , Canada
| | - P R Crocker
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - C M Sabiston
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Easterlin MC, Chung PJ, Leng M, Dudovitz R. Association of Team Sports Participation With Long-term Mental Health Outcomes Among Individuals Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:681-688. [PMID: 31135890 PMCID: PMC6547068 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with long-term poor mental health. Less is known about factors that improve long-term mental health among those with ACEs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate, among those exposed to ACEs, whether team sports participation during adolescence is associated with better mental health in adulthood and whether the association between team sports participation and mental health varies by sex. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used data from 9668 individuals who participated in waves 1 (1994-1995) and 4 (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Individuals were included if they had complete data on exposure to ACEs (physical and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, parental alcohol misuse, parental incarceration, and living with a single parent) and a valid sample weight. Statistical analysis was performed from November 6, 2017, to January 4, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The association between team sports participation in grades 7 to 12 (wave 1) and diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety and current depressive symptoms (determined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale-10 scores) at ages 24 to 32 years (wave 4) among individuals exposed to ACEs. Multivariable logistic regression models were weighted based on propensity scores for factors associated with team sports participation and controlled for individual, family, and school characteristics. Interaction terms tested whether associations between team sports participation and mental health varied by sex. RESULTS Of 9668 individuals included in the study (4470 male [50.0%]; mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.75] years), 4888 (49.3%) reported 1 or more ACE and 2084 (21.3%) reported 2 or more ACEs. Among those with ACEs, team sports participation during adolescence was significantly associated with lower odds of receiving a diagnosis of depression (unadjusted rate, 16.8% vs 22.0%; propensity score-weighted [PSW] adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.97) or anxiety (11.8% vs 16.8%; PSW aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89) and having current depressive symptoms (21.9% vs 27.5%; PSW aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.71-1.01). There were no significant differences in associations between team sports participation and mental health by sex. Stratified analyses showed significant associations for all outcomes among males (depression: PSW aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.99]; anxiety: PSW aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45-0.96]; depressive symptoms: PSW aOR, 0.75 [95% CI 0.56-0.99]) but only 1 outcome among females (anxiety: PSW aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among individuals affected by ACEs, team sports participation in adolescence was associated with better adult mental health. Team sports may be an important and scalable resilience builder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Easterlin
- UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) National Clinician Scholars Program, Los Angeles,Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Pasadena, California
| | - Paul J. Chung
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasedena, California,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles,Children’s Discovery & Innovation Institute, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles,Department of Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles
| | - Mei Leng
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles,Children’s Discovery & Innovation Institute, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles
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McDowell CP, Dishman RK, Hallgren M, MacDonncha C, Herring MP. Associations of physical activity and depression: Results from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Exp Gerontol 2018; 112:68-75. [PMID: 30217663 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) can protect against depression, but few studies have assessed whether meeting PA guidelines is sufficient, or if benefits can be derived from greater volumes of PA. The present study examines cross-sectional and prospective associations between different volumes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and walking, and depressive symptoms and status. Participants (n = 4556; 56.7% female) aged ≥ 50 years completed the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) at baseline and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at baseline and two years later. Prevalence and incidence of depression were 9.0% (n = 410) and 5.0% (n = 207), respectively. After full adjustment, odds of prevalent depression were: 40% (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.48-0.76) lower among those meeting PA guidelines; 23% (OR = 0.77, 0.49-1.21) and 43% (OR = 0.57, 0.45-0.73) lower among those in moderate and high categories, respectively; and, 22% (OR = 0.78, 0.61-1.01) and 44.0% (OR = 0.56, 0.42-0.74) lower among those in moderate and high walking tertiles, respectively. Odds of incident depression were: 23% (OR = 0.77, 0.58-1.04) lower among those meeting PA guidelines; 37% (OR = 0.63, 0.32-1.22) and 20.0% (OR = 0.80, 0.59-1.09) lower among those in moderate and high categories, respectively; and, 21% (OR = 0.79, 0.56-1.12) and 25% (OR = 0.75, 0.52-1.07) lower among those in moderate and high walking tertiles, respectively. Moderate and high volumes of MVPA were significantly associated with lower odds of concurrent depression, and significantly and non-significantly associated with reduced odds of incident depression, respectively. Meeting recommended levels of MVPA and walking were associated with significantly lower odds of concurrent depression, and non-significantly reduced odds of the development of depression over two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P McDowell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - R K Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - M Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C MacDonncha
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - M P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Henriksson H, Henriksson P, Tynelius P, Ortega FB. Muscular weakness in adolescence is associated with disability 30 years later: a population-based cohort study of 1.2 million men. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1221-1230. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of muscular strength in adolescence with later disability pension (DP), across different body mass index (BMI) categories and in combination with aerobic fitness.MethodThis prospective cohort study consisted of males aged 16–19 years, recruited from the Swedish military conscription register between 1969 and 1994. A total of 1 212 503 adolescents met all the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in the analyses. Knee extension, handgrip and elbow flexion strength and aerobic fitness (bicycle ergometer test) were measured during conscription. Causes of DP were retrieved from the Social Insurance Office between years 1971 and 2012 (average follow-up time: 29.6 years).ResultsKnee extension strength in adolescence was inversely associated with men’s risk of obtaining DP due to all causes (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.44 for lowest vs highest strength quintile). Thus, muscular weakness was associated with DP. The risk associated with low muscular strength differed between specific causes of DP and the strongest associations were found for psychiatric, nervous system and other causes (HRs between 1.47 and 1.90 for lowest vs highest quintile). Being strong was associated with lower DP risk across BMI categories and being unfit, weak and obese was associated with the highest DP risk (HR 3.70, 95% CI 2.99 to 4.58).ConclusionThere was a strong association between muscular weakness and disability. A combination of muscular weakness and low aerobic fitness was an especially important risk factor for disability. This adds weight to call for muscular strength and fitness enhancing exercise for adolescents in all BMI categories.
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Abstract
Sports team participation has myriad benefits for girls. We used the 1999-2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of US high school students, to examine time trends in sports team participation. Data from 2015 alone were examined for current differences in participation by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and weight status. For both analyses, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions, with team participation as the dependent variable, were used. In 2015, 53% of US high school girls participated in team sports. Participation was higher among non-Hispanic white (60.7%) compared to Hispanic (40.7%) and Asian (35.6%) girls, and girls with normal-weight status (58.1%) compared to overweight (50.0%) and obese (36.5%) girls ( P < .01 for all comparisons). From 1999 to 2015, the rate of increase in participation was higher among non-Hispanic black girls than non-Hispanic white girls. No increase was observed for Hispanic and Asian girls. Addressing the disparities found in team participation is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Simon
- 1 Office on Women's Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sayeedha F G Uddin
- 1 Office on Women's Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
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Yıldızer G, Bilgin E, Korur EN, Novak D, Demirhan G. The association of various social capital indicators and physical activity participation among Turkish adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:27-33. [PMID: 30356478 PMCID: PMC6180558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity participation (PAP) has been proven to improve health and promote optimal growth among adolescents. However, most adolescents do not meet the current physical activity (PA) recommendations in Turkey. The role of the social environment and social factors on PAP is being increasingly recognized. Although social capital (SC) indicators have been examined in high-income countries, there are few studies on developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SC indicators and PAP among Turkish adolescents. METHODS A survey was conducted among 19 high schools in 4 different cities in Turkey in 2016. A total of 506 female and 729 male high school students participated in this study. The dependent variable was overall PAP, which was measured using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables included self-perceived family, neighborhood, and school SC. Self-rated health and obesity status, measured by body mass index, were other study covariates in multiple binary logistic regression models. Chi-square tests were used to assess the differences between genders. RESULTS PAP levels were significantly different between males and females. A higher percentage of males reported PAP (77.4%) compared to females (51.0%). Among males, teacher-student interpersonal trust and informal social control were inversely associated with PAP, while high students interpersonal trust was positively associated with increased odds of PAP. For females, students interpersonal trust was inversely associated with PAP. CONCLUSION Various SC indicators are associated with PAP for males and females. These associations are different from findings of studies conducted in developed countries. Therefore, health-promotion interventions and policies should consider gender and different social agents on the social and cultural background to improve PAP among Turkish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günay Yıldızer
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ezel Nur Korur
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Dario Novak
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10110, Croatia
| | - Gıyasettin Demirhan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Cox AE, Ullrich-French S, Howe HS, Cole AN. A pilot yoga physical education curriculum to promote positive body image. Body Image 2017; 23:1-8. [PMID: 28818786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of a pilot yoga-based physical education (PE) curriculum by testing for change in trait body surveillance, physical self-worth, and body appreciation. Further, we examined the relationships among change in body image variables and the role of state mindfulness in predicting state body surveillance during classes. Adolescents participated in 12 weeks of yoga-based (n=20; Mage=16.45, 90% female) or traditional (n=23;Mage=14.52, 57% female) PE. Results showed significant (p=.004), moderate decreases in trait body surveillance and minimal nonsignificant (p=.11) increases in physical self-worth. Change in trait body surveillance was inversely related to change in physical self-worth and body appreciation in yoga participants. Multi-level modeling analyses revealed that more mindful students also surveyed their body less during class. Intentionally structured yoga participation may support positive body image among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Cox
- Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, United States.
| | - Sarah Ullrich-French
- Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, United States.
| | - Holly S Howe
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Amy N Cole
- Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, United States.
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Ottoboni G, Milani M, Setti A, Ceciliani A, Chattat R, Tessari A. An observational study on sport-induced modulation of negative attitude towards disability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187043. [PMID: 29140984 PMCID: PMC5687735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether sport activities involving children with a disability can reduce negative attitudes towards disability in children without disability. We compared the effect of being schoolmate or member of the same football team whereby a child with disability was member of the class/team or not. This lead to four groups that were assessed both at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Two measures were collected: an ad-hoc questionnaire and an Implicit Association Test. The two assessments were designed to measure explicit and implicit attitudes towards children with disabilities. Results suggested that sport activities over one school year reduced more (p < .001) the implicit negative attitude towards disability (Mean = -.17, sd = .10) than the contact with the classmate in the school context (Mean = -.03, sd = .14), possibly due to their team building characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Milani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Setti
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Ceciliani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Tessari
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 2017; 106:48-56. [PMID: 29150166 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the positive effects of exercise on mood states such as anxiety, stress and depression, through physiological and biochemical mechanisms, including endorphins, mitochondria, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and via the thermogenic hypothesis. In addition, psychological mechanisms influence the effects of exercise on mood states, as suggested by both the distraction hypothesis and the self-efficacy hypothesis. Exercise has also been shown to reduce inflammation via several different processes (inflammation, cytokines, toll-like receptors, adipose tissue and via the vagal tone), which can contribute to better health outcomes in people suffering from mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mikkelsen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Matos MGD, Tomico A. Sport participation, body satisfaction and depressive symptoms in adolescence: a moderated-mediation analysis of gender differences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2017.1364988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomez-Baya
- Psychology Department, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramon Mendoza
- Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Tomico
- Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Boulton MJ, Boulton L. Modifying Self-Blame, Self-Esteem, and Disclosure Through a Cooperative Cross-Age Teaching Intervention for Bullying Among Adolescents. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2017; 32:609-626. [PMID: 28516835 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is common among school students, and some victims hold self-blaming attributions, exhibit low self-esteem, and do not seek social support. A wait-list control pre-/post-test experimental design, with random allocation, was used to assess the effects of a novel cross-age teaching of social issues (CATS) intervention on the latter 3 variables among peer-identified victims of bullying (N = 41, mean age = 14.5 years). In small cooperative groups of classmates, participants designed and delivered a lesson to younger students that informed them that bullies not victims are in the wrong, victims have no reason to feel bad about themselves, and that seeking help can be beneficial. CATS led to a significant improvement on all 3 dependent variables with mostly large effect sizes; these positive effects were even stronger with a bigger dose of intervention (6 hr vs. 4 hr), and changes in self-blame, and separately changes in self-esteem, mediated the positive effect of the intervention on help-seeking. The theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed, especially in terms of supporting a highly vulnerable subgroup of adolescents.
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Stearns JA, Carson V, Spence JC, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST. The role of peer victimization in the physical activity and screen time of adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:170. [PMID: 28724432 PMCID: PMC5517809 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Negative peer experiences may lead adolescents with overweight and obesity to be less active and engage in more sitting-related behaviors. Our study is among the first to empirically test these associations and hypothesized that 1) peer victimization would mediate the negative association between body weight status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 2) peer victimization would mediate the positive association between body weight status and screen time. Differences by gender were also explored. Methods Participants were a part of the Year 1 data (2012–2013) from the COMPASS study, a prospective cohort study of high school students in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. The final sample consisted of 18,147 students in grades 9 to 12 from 43 Ontario secondary schools. The predictor variable was weight status (non-overweight vs. overweight/obese), the mediator was peer victimization, and the outcome variables were screen time and MVPA. Multilevel path analysis was conducted, controlling for clustering within schools and covariates. A few differences were observed between males and females; therefore, the results are stratified by gender. Results For both males and females peer victimization partially mediated the association between weight status and screen time. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity reported 34 more minutes/day of screen time than did females who were not overweight and 2 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing peer victimization. Similarly, males who were overweight/obese reported 13 more minutes/day of screen time than the males who were not overweight and 1 of these minutes could be attributed to experiencing more victimization. Males and females who were overweight/obese also reported less MVPA compared to those who were not overweight; however, peer victimization did not mediate these associations in the hypothesized direction. Conclusions We found that higher rates of peer victimization experienced by adolescents with overweight and obesity partially explained why they engaged in more screen time than adolescents who were not overweight. However, the effects were small and may be of limited practical significance. Because this is one of the first studies to investigate these associations, more research is needed before bully prevention or conflict resolution training are explored as intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Stearns
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-113 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Jun MK, Ha JY. [Effect of Smartphone Apps Applying BodyThink Program on Obesity in Adolescent Girls]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2017; 46:390-9. [PMID: 27411766 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smartphone apps applying BodyThink program on BMI, percentage of body fat, skeletal muscle rate, body image, and self-esteem of adolescent girls. METHODS Sixty-eight high school girls with a BMI of over 25kg/m² were recruited to participate in this study. Girls from four schools were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used the smartphone apps applying BodyThink program, and the control group, which used smartphone apps and small group counseling. The experimental group received the BodyThink program 6 times, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 40~50 minutes. Test measures were completed before and after the 6 week intervention period for all participants. Collected data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, descriptive statistics, χ² test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS The girls in the experimental group significantly improved their results in BMI(Z=-1.67, p=.042), percentage of body fat (Z=-3.01, p=.001), skeletal muscle rate (t=-3.50, p<.001), and self-esteem (t=2.66, p=.005) after the program, compared to the girls in the control group. CONCLUSION Mobile applications applying psychological and emotional intervention programs have the potential to be effective alternative methods to improve the body composition and self-esteem of obese adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ju Young Ha
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
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Body esteem is a mediator of the association between physical activity and depression in Korean adolescents. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 33:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pharr JR, Lough NL. Examining the relationship between sport and health among USA women: An analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:403-409. [PMID: 30356542 PMCID: PMC6188909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has been conducted linking sports participation and health in childhood and adolescence; however, little is known about the contribution of sport to women's health. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sport and women's health in the USA by analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). METHODS This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2013 national BRFSS survey. Unlike the BRFSS core component from previous years, in 2013, participants were questioned extensively about their physical activity behaviors. Seventy-six different activities were identified by the participants. Two researchers categorized the 76 activities as sport, conditioning exercise, recreation, or household tasks based on previously identified categories. Logistic regression was utilized to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios for chronic diseases based on physical activity category. RESULTS Women who participated in sport had better health outcomes with significantly lower odds for all chronic diseases except asthma and better general health than women who participated in conditioning exercise, household tasks, or recreation, and many of the significant differences remained after controlling for demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION Sport participation was associated with more positive health outcomes among women in the USA compared with the other categories. As a means to improve health of women, the USA could focus on efforts to increase sport participation among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Pharr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nancy L. Lough
- College of Education, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Park J, Kim YH, Park SJ, Suh S, Lee HJ. The relationship between self-esteem and overall health behaviors in Korean adolescents. Health Psychol Behav Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2016.1246971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bal MI, Sattoe JNT, Roelofs PDDM, Bal R, van Staa A, Miedema HS. Exploring effectiveness and effective components of self-management interventions for young people with chronic physical conditions: A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 99:1293-1309. [PMID: 26954345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically explore the effectiveness and effective components of self-management interventions. METHODS Study selection criteria were: Original articles in English published between 2003 and 2015; focusing on youth with chronic conditions; describing self-management interventions; with clear outcome measures; using RCT design. The random effects analysis was applied in which standardized mean differences per study were calculated. RESULTS 42 RCTs were included. Interventions focused on medical management, provided individually in clinical settings or at home by mono-disciplinary teams showed a trend in improving adherence. Interventions delivered individually at home by mono-disciplinary teams showed a trend in improving dealing with a chronic condition. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Adherence could be improved through interventions focused on medical management, provided individually in a clinical or home setting by a mono-disciplinary team. Interventions focused on dealing with a chronic condition might be provided individually, through telemedicine programs facilitating peer-support. These intervention elements seemed effective irrespective of diagnosis, and may therefore act as good starting points for further research into and for improvement of self-management support for youth with chronic conditions in pediatric care. Results underlined the need to systematically develop and evaluate self-management interventions, since this may provide more evidence for effectiveness and effective intervention components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn I Bal
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jane N T Sattoe
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pepijn D D M Roelofs
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roland Bal
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - AnneLoes van Staa
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harald S Miedema
- Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Iersel KC, Kiesner J, Pastore M, Scholte RHJ. The impact of menstrual cycle-related physical symptoms on daily activities and psychological wellness among adolescent girls. J Adolesc 2016; 49:81-90. [PMID: 27017504 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Associations between perimenstrual physical and psychological symptoms have not been adequately studied among adolescent girls. The purpose of the present study was to test a mediation hypothesis postulating that perimenstrual disengagement from daily activities would mediate the association between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms. A non-clinical sample of N = 208 Italian adolescent girls (age M = 16.68 years) completed a 95-item online retrospective questionnaire regarding perimenstrual symptoms, and how these symptoms affect their daily activities. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the mediation hypothesis. Results showed that physical and psychological symptoms were strongly associated. More importantly, results supported the hypothesis that perimenstrual disengagement from daily activities mediates the association between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms, but only for depressed mood and cognitive symptoms. This study provides support for a novel theoretical framework linking diverse aspects of menstrual cycle change. Longitudinal research is needed to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C van Iersel
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Postbus 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff Kiesner
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Università Degli Studi di Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Università Degli Studi di Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ron H J Scholte
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Postbus 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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