1
|
Neo PSH, McNaughton N, Sellbom M. Midfrontal conflict theta and parietal P300 are linked to a latent factor of DSM externalising disorders. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 7:e7. [PMID: 38689856 PMCID: PMC11058520 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses form spectra rather than categories, with symptoms varying continuously across individuals, i.e., there is no clear break between health and disorder. Dimensional measures of behaviour and brain activity are promising targets for studying biological mechanisms that are common across disorders. Here, we assessed the extent to which neural measures of the sensitivity of the three biological systems in the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) could account for individual differences in a latent general factor estimated from symptom counts across externalising disorders (EXTs). RST explanatory power was pitted against reduced P300, a reliable indicator of externalising per previous research. We assessed 206 participants for DSM-5 EXTs (antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intermittent explosive disorder symptoms, alcohol use disorder, and cannabis use disorder). Of the final sample, 49% met diagnostic criteria for at least one of the EXTs. Electroencephalographic measures of the sensitivities of the behavioural activation system (BAS), the fight/flight/freeze system, and the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), as well as P300 were extracted from the gold bar-lemon and stop-signal tasks. As predicted, we found that low neural BIS sensitivity and low P300 were uniquely and negatively associated with our latent factor of externalising. Contrary to prediction, neural BAS/"dopamine" sensitivity was not associated with externalising. Our results provide empirical support for low BIS sensitivity and P300 as neural mechanisms common to disorders within the externalising spectrum; but, given the low N involved, future studies should seek to assess the replicability of our findings and, in particular, the differential involvement of the three RST systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe S.-H. Neo
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown JK, Barringer A, Kouros CD, Papp LM. Examining enduring effects of COVID-19 on college students' internalizing and externalizing problems: A four-year longitudinal analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:551-559. [PMID: 38280565 PMCID: PMC10923055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students' mental health has been a vital concern for researchers, policymakers, administrators, and educators since before the pandemic, and it is crucial to identify the extent to which the pandemic affected college students' mental health. METHODS The current study utilized data repeatedly collected over more than four years (2017-2022) from N = 355 students enrolled at a large public research university in the Midwestern US. The data collection period coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, facilitating systematic examination of whether and how college students' trajectories (i.e., level and slopes) of depressive symptoms, social anxiety, general disinhibition, callous aggression, and problematic alcohol use changed as the pandemic progressed. Across seven waves, surveys assessed multiple outcome and predictor domains. Multilevel growth curve modeling was used to analyze all outcomes. RESULTS Depression symptoms peaked mid-pandemic, whereas social anxiety first declined then continued rising. General disinhibition and callous aggression showed non-significant changes in trajectories. Problematic alcohol use decreased continuously with no significant pandemic-associated effects in the best-fitting model. LIMITATIONS An important limitation is reliance on a sample from a single campus utilizing self-reported, non-clinical assessments. Another important limitation is the lack of location information from participants during the acute COVID-19 phase. CONCLUSIONS Reported longitudinal analyses expand upon findings from previous limited repeated-measures and cross-sectional studies. In terms of clinical significance, some of the most harmful COVID-19 effects to mental health may be long-lasting and cumulative, making them difficult to detect in shorter-term or cross-sectional studies. Altogether, findings demonstrate complex changes in students' mental health that may have ongoing effects on well-being during key developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Brown
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America.
| | | | - Chrystyna D Kouros
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United States of America
| | - Lauren M Papp
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fowles DC. Arousal, Gray's theory of anxiety, and the etiology of psychopathy. Biol Psychol 2024; 188:108772. [PMID: 38462065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper focuses on Jeffrey Gray's theory of anxiety from the perspective of Fowles' (1980) application of his work to theories of arousal, psychophysiology, and the etiology of psychopathy. Although highly influential, the concept of general arousal failed to find support in terms of between-individuals assessment with multiple physiological measures. Gray's constructs of a behavioral inhibition system (BIS) that mediates anxiety, a behavioral approach or activation system (BAS) that energizes behavior to approach rewards, and a nonspecific arousal system that energizes behavior captured aspects of arousal. Fowles (1980) proposed that the BIS elicits electrodermal activity in response to threats, the BAS increases heart rate in response to reward incentive cues, and psychopathy is associated with a weak BIS. The paper reviews Gray's impact on future research on these topics, including early proposals relevant to the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria. Finally, the paper summarizes the evolution of theories of the etiology of psychopathy since 1980, noting ways in which aspects of Gray's theory are still seen in psychopathy research. Patrick's triarchic model has emerged as a major theory of psychopathy. Beauchaine's trait impulsivity theory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also is relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don C Fowles
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Christensen Pacella KA, Forbush KT, Thomeczek ML, Negi S, Doan AE, Wendler AM, Morgan RW, Rasheed SI, Johnson-Munguia S, Sharma AR. Examining associations between disordered eating and harmful substance use in a nationally representative sample of US veterans. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38469980 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between eating disorders (EDs) and harmful substance use (substance use that causes psychosocial impairment) is well recognized in the literature, and military veterans may be at heightened risk for both issues due to deployment-related stressors. However, little is known about which ED-related symptoms are associated with harmful substance use in veterans, and whether gender plays a differential role in this relationship. Our aims were to: (1) examine gender differences in ED-related symptoms; and (2) examine whether ED-related symptoms differentially predict harmful substance use in US veteran men and women who had recently separated from service. METHOD This study was based on a nationally representative four-wave longitudinal sample of post-9/11 veterans (N = 835; 61.2% female). Longitudinal mixed modeling was used to test whether specific ED-related behaviors at baseline predicted harmful substance use at follow-ups. RESULTS We replicated gendered patterns of ED-related symptoms observed in civilian populations, wherein men had higher weight-and-body-related concerns (including excessive exercise and muscle building) and negative attitude toward obesity, and women had higher bulimic and restricting symptoms. For women, alcohol, drug, and marijuana problems were predicted by higher bulimic symptoms, whereas for men, these problems were predicted by higher restricting symptoms. CONCLUSION Gender played a differential role in the relationship between EDs and harmful substance use. Bulimic symptoms were the most robust predictor for harmful substance use among veteran women, whereas restricting was the most robust predictor for harmful substance use among veteran men. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The current study found that veteran women had higher bulimic symptoms (characterized by binge eating and purging) and restricting than veteran men. In women, bulimic symptoms predicted future harmful use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs. In contrast, veteran men had higher weight-and-body-related concerns (characterized by excessive exercise and muscle building) than veteran women. In men, restricting symptoms predicted future harmful use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Sonakshi Negi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Alesha E Doan
- Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - R William Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Samiya I Rasheed
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Anjali R Sharma
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wycoff AM, Griffin SA, Helle AC, Haney AM, Watts AL, Trull TJ. The Brief Emotion Dysregulation Scale: Development, Preliminary Validation, and Recommendations for Use. Assessment 2024; 31:335-349. [PMID: 36960725 PMCID: PMC10518026 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231161800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is a multi-faceted, transdiagnostic construct, and its assessment is crucial for characterizing its role in the development, maintenance, and treatment of psychiatric problems. We developed the Brief Emotion Dysregulation Scale (BEDS) to capture four components of emotion dysregulation: sensitivity, lability, reactivity, and consequences. We examined factor structure and construct validity in four independent samples of college students (N = 1,485). We elected to treat consequences as a separate index of problems associated with emotion dysregulation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses did not support the reactivity subscale and instead supported a well-fitting two-factor solution for sensitivity and lability. Multi-group analyses demonstrated strong factorial invariance by gender. The resulting 12-item BEDS includes sensitivity and lability subscales and a separate consequences scale to indicate associated problems. Convergent correlations suggested good construct validity. This provides preliminary support for the BEDS as a brief transdiagnostic screening tool for emotion dysregulation and associated consequences.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kouros CD, Papp LM. College Students' prescription drug misuse over time and links with their mental health and well-being. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107895. [PMID: 37924582 PMCID: PMC10842301 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a mounting public health concern in the U.S., particularly among college students. The field's reliance on cross-sectional designs and limited controls for other substance use has failed to capture the specific role of misuse for longer-term health. Therefore, the present study tested associations between trajectories of PDM problems and college students' mental health and subjective happiness over time. Participants were 300 students who completed a baseline assessment (T1) and follow-ups every 6 months for two years (T2-T5). Participants self-reported problems associated with PDM and mental health. Results from univariate latent growth models indicated that problems with PDM were initially on an increasing trajectory. Based on parallel process models, problems with PDM were concurrently associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, disinhibition, callousness/aggression, and lower levels of subjective happiness at T1. Further, we found support for parallel trajectories between PDM problems and both depressive symptoms and general disinhibition. Participants whose PDM problems were on an increasing (worsening) trajectory at baseline showed an increase in depressive symptoms and general disinhibition over the next two years. Participants whose PDM problems accelerated over time (got worse at a faster and faster rate over time) also showed a significant increase in their depressive symptoms over time. Most findings, however, were no longer statistically significant in sensitivity analyses that controlled for alcohol and other drug problems. Findings highlight college as an important time for interventions to prevent substance use and its associated negative consequence on later young adult mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrystyna D Kouros
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, PO BOX 750442, Dallas, TX 75275, United States.
| | - Lauren M Papp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zellers S, Alexander J, Ellingson JM, Schaefer JD, Corley RP, Iacono W, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, McGue MK, Vrieze S. Limited psychological and social effects of lifetime cannabis use frequency: Evidence from a 30-year community study of 4,078 twins. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2024; 133:115-128. [PMID: 38147055 PMCID: PMC10751959 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is associated with outcomes like income, legal problems, and psychopathology. This finding rests largely on correlational research designs, which rely at best on statistical controls for confounding. Here, we control for unmeasured confounders using a longitudinal study of twins. METHOD In a sample of 4,078 American adult twins first assessed decades ago, we used cotwin control mixed effects models to evaluate the effect of lifetime average frequency of cannabis consumption measured on substance use, psychiatric, and psychosocial outcomes. RESULTS On average, participants had a lifetime cannabis frequency of about one to two times per month, across adolescence and adulthood. As expected, in individual-level analyses, cannabis use was significantly associated with almost all outcomes in the expected directions. However, when comparing each twin to their cotwin, which inherently controls for shared genes and environments, we observed within-pair differences consistent with possible causality in three of the 22 assessed outcomes: cannabis use disorder symptoms (βW-Pooled = .15, SE = .02, p = 1.7 × 10-22), frequency of tobacco use (βW-Pooled = .06, SE = .01, p = 1.2 × 10-5), and illicit drug involvement (βW-Pooled = .06, SE = .02, p = 1.2 × 10-4). Covariate specification curve analyses indicated that within-pair effects on tobacco and illicit drug use, but not cannabis use disorder, attenuated substantially when covarying for lifetime alcohol and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS The cotwin control results suggest that more frequent cannabis use causes small increases in cannabis use disorder symptoms, approximately 1.3 symptoms when going from a once-a-year use to daily use. For other outcomes, our results are more consistent with familial confounding, at least in this community population of twins. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zellers
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki
| | | | - Jarrod M. Ellingson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Christian J. Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosenthal EA, Broos HC, Timpano KR, Johnson SL. Does Emotion-Related Impulsivity Relate to Specific ADHD Symptom Dimensions, and Do the Effects Generalize Across Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Syndromes? J Atten Disord 2024; 28:178-188. [PMID: 37961911 PMCID: PMC10751976 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work highlights the role of emotion dysregulation in the pathology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As such, emotion-related impulsivity (ERI), the trait-like tendency toward disinhibited thoughts (Pervasive Influence of Feelings, PIF) and actions (Feelings Trigger Action, FTA) during heightened emotional states, may be particularly relevant. We explored whether Inattention (IN) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI), two core symptom dimensions of ADHD, would relate to distinct facets of ERI, and whether externalizing and internalizing symptoms would moderate these relations. METHOD Using structural equation modeling, we examined hypotheses among 364 adults recruited for high internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS We identified significant paths for FTA regressed on HI and PIF regressed on IN, supporting our hypotheses about main effects. Moderating paths were not significant. CONCLUSIONS IN and HI correlate with distinct forms of ERI, These effects appear to generalize across co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ivarsson D, Delfin C, Enebrink P, Wallinius M. Pinpointing change in virtual reality assisted treatment for violent offenders: a pilot study of Virtual Reality Aggression Prevention Training (VRAPT). Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1239066. [PMID: 38034926 PMCID: PMC10687219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1239066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing relapse into violence and its destructive consequences among persistent re-offenders is a primary concern in forensic settings. The Risk-Need-Responsivity framework models the best current practice for offender treatment, focused on building skills and changing pro-criminal cognitions. However, treatment effects are often modest, and the forensic context can obstruct the delivery of interventions. Developing treatments for offenders should focus on the best method of delivery to make "what works work." Virtual reality (VR)-assisted treatments such as Virtual Reality Aggression Prevention Training (VRAPT) are a new and innovative approach to offender treatment. This pilot study followed 14 male violent offenders who participated in VRAPT in a Swedish prison context and measured changes from pre-treatment to post-treatment and 3-month follow-up in targeted aggression, emotion regulation, and anger. It also investigated potential impact factors (pro-criminal cognitions, externalizing behaviors, psychosocial background, and childhood adverse experiences). In Bayesian linear mixed effects models, participants showed a high probability of change from pre-treatment to post-treatment and to follow-up on all outcome measures. All outcome measures demonstrated a low probability of change from post-treatment to follow-up. Analysis of reliable change showed that participants' results ranged from recovery to deterioration. We discuss the implications of the study for VRAPT's impact on the target group, those who might benefit from the approach, and suggested foci for future studies in the field of VR-assisted offender treatment. The study was preregistered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registry (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14916410).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ivarsson
- Evidence-based Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Swedish Prison and Probation Service, Norrköping, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Delfin
- Evidence-based Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pia Enebrink
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Evidence-based Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palumbo IM, Patrick CJ, Latzman RD. Psychopathology in children: The transdiagnostic contribution of affiliative capacity and inhibitory control. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1627-1642. [PMID: 35678172 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent initiatives have focused on integrating transdiagnostic biobehavioral processes or dispositions with dimensional models of psychopathology. Toward this goal, biobehavioral traits of affiliative capacity (AFF) and inhibitory control (INH) hold particular promise as they demonstrate transdiagnostic stability and predictive validity across developmental stages and differing measurement modalities. The current study employed data from different modes of measurement in a sample of 1830 children aged 5-10 years to test for associations of AFF and INH, individually and interactively, with broad dimensions of psychopathology. Low AFF, assessed via parent-report, evidenced predictive relations with distress- and externalizing-related problems. INH as assessed by cognitive-task performance did not relate itself to either psychopathology dimension, but it moderated the effects observed for low AFF, such that high INH protected against distress symptoms in low-AFF participants, whereas low INH amplified distress and externalizing symptoms in low-AFF participants. Results are discussed in the context of the interface of general trait transdiagnostic risk factors with quantitatively derived dimensional models of psychopathology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith MS, South SC. Risky Sexual Behaviors as a Transaction of Individual Differences and Situational Context. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2539-2560. [PMID: 37103633 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) incur large societal and personal costs. Despite widespread prevention efforts, RSBs and associated consequences (e.g., sexually transmitted infections) continue to rise. A proliferation of research has emerged on situational (e.g., alcohol use) and individual difference (e.g., impulsivity) factors to explain this rise, but these approaches assume an unrealistically static mechanism underlying RSB. Because this prior research has resulted in few compelling effects, we sought to innovate by examining the interaction of situation and individual differences in explaining RSBs. A large sample (N = 105) completed baseline reports of psychopathology and 30 daily diary reports of RSBs and associated contexts. These data were submitted to multilevel models including cross-level interactions to test a person-by-situation conceptualization of RSBs. Results suggested that RSBs are most strongly predicted from interactions of person- and situation-level factors in both protective and facilitative directions. These interactions outnumbered main effects and commonly included partner commitment as a central mechanism. These results point to theoretical and clinical gaps in preventing RSB and urge a departure from prior ways of conceptualizing sexual risk as a static outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Shea Smith
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Forbush KT, Swanson TJ, Gaddy M, Oehlert M, Doan A, Morgan RW, O’Brien C, Chen Y, Christian K, Song QC, Watson D, Wiese J. Design and methods of the Longitudinal Eating Disorders Assessment Project research consortium for veterans. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1941. [PMID: 36251947 PMCID: PMC10242201 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Military service members must maintain a certain body mass index and body fat percentage. Due to weight-loss pressures, some service members may resort to unhealthy behaviors that place them at risk for the development of an eating disorder (ED). OBJECTIVES To understand the scope and impact of EDs in military service members and veterans, we formed the Longitudinal Eating Disorders Assessment Project (LEAP) Consortium. LEAP aims to develop novel screening, assessment, classification, and treatment tools for veterans and military members with a focus on EDs and internalizing psychopathology. METHODS We recruited two independent nationally representative samples of post-9/11 veterans who were separated from service within the past year. Study 1 was a four-wave longitudinal survey and Study 2 was a mixed-methods study that included surveys, structured-clinical interviews, and qualitative interviews. RESULTS Recruitment samples were representative of the full population of recently separated veterans. Sample weights were created to adjust for sources of non-response bias to the baseline survey. Attrition was low relative to past studies of this population, with only (younger) age predicting attrition at 1-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We expect that the LEAP Consortium data will contribute to improved information about EDs in veterans, a serious and understudied problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda Gaddy
- VA Eastern Kansas Health Care SystemLeavenworthKansasUSA
| | - Mary Oehlert
- VA Eastern Kansas Health Care SystemLeavenworthKansasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Wiese
- 20th Medical GroupShaw Air Force BaseSouth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Loganathan K, Tiego J. Value-based decision-making network functional connectivity correlates with substance use and delay discounting behaviour among young adults. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103424. [PMID: 37141645 PMCID: PMC10300614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are characterized by reduced control over the quantity and frequency of psychoactive substance use and impairments in social and occupational functioning. They are associated with poor treatment compliance and high rates of relapse. Identification of neural susceptibility biomarkers that index risk for developing a substance use disorder can facilitate earlier identification and treatment. Here, we aimed to identify the neurobiological correlates of substance use frequency and severity amongst a sample of 1,200 (652 females) participants aged 22-37 years from the Human Connectome Project. Substance use behaviour across eight classes (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, sedatives, hallucinogens, cocaine, stimulants, opiates) was measured using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. We explored the latent organization of substance use behaviour using a combination of exploratory structural equation modelling, latent class analysis, and factor mixture modelling to reveal a unidimensional continuum of substance use behaviour. Participants could be rank ordered along a unitary severity spectrum encompassing frequency of use of all eight substance classes, with factor score estimates generated to represent each participant's substance use severity. Factor score estimates and delay discounting scores were compared with functional connectivity in 650 participants with imaging data using the Network-based Statistic. This neuroimaging cohort excludes participants aged 31 and over. We identified brain regions and connections correlated with impulsive decision-making and poly-substance use, with the medial orbitofrontal, lateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices emerging as key hubs. Functional connectivity of these networks could serve as susceptibility biomarkers for substance use disorders, informing earlier identification and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavinash Loganathan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berlin J, Wallinius M, Nilsson T, Karlén MH, Delfin C. Exploring the psychometric properties of the externalizing spectrum inventory-brief form in a Swedish forensic psychiatric inpatient sample. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 36944949 PMCID: PMC10031895 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-Brief Form (ESI-BF) [1] is a 160-item self-report instrument designed for the assessment of externalizing psychopathology, yet few studies to date have evaluated its psychometric properties, structural fit, and criterion validity in forensic psychiatric settings. METHODS Here, we investigated these aspects in a sample of forensic psychiatric inpatients (n = 77) from a maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital in Sweden. We firstly investigated the reliability. Secondly, using confirmatory factor analysis, the structure of the ESI-BF. And thirdly, using a Bayesian approach, assessed how the three ESI-BF subfactors relate to criterion measures of antisocial behaviors, substance use, and lifetime externalizing spectrum diagnoses. RESULTS The ESI-BF demonstrated good to adequate reliability and internal consistency, with all but four facet scales exhibiting α and ω values ≥ 0.80. Average inter-item correlations for the facet scales ranged from 0.31 to 0.74. However, all structural models exhibited poor to mediocre fit, with model fit values for the CFI being 0.66, 0.79 and 0.87 and RMSEA values of 0.14, 0.12 and 0.09. for the unidimensional correlated factors and bifactor model, respectively. Regarding criterion validity, all subscales of the item-based ESI-BF three-factor model exhibited robust correlations with the Life History of Aggression total, aggression and antisocial/consequences subscales, with correlations ranging from 0.29 to 0.55. All ESI-BF subfactors demonstrated robust associations, yet with different externalizing outcomes, lending tentative support to its criterion validity. CONCLUSION Despite remaining ambiguities regarding its structural fit, the ESI-BF may be promising for assessing externalizing psychopathology in forensic psychiatric populations. However, further investigation of the ESI-BF is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn about its appropriateness in forensic psychiatric settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Berlin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
- Rättspsykiatriska regionkliniken, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hildebrand Karlén
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zellers SM, Ross JM, Saunders GRB, Ellingson JM, Walvig T, Anderson JE, Corley RP, Iacono W, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, McGue MK, Vrieze S. Recreational cannabis legalization has had limited effects on a wide range of adult psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36601811 PMCID: PMC10319916 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal impacts of recreational cannabis legalization are not well understood due to the number of potential confounds. We sought to quantify possible causal effects of recreational cannabis legalization on substance use, substance use disorder, and psychosocial functioning, and whether vulnerable individuals are more susceptible to the effects of cannabis legalization than others. METHODS We used a longitudinal, co-twin control design in 4043 twins (N = 240 pairs discordant on residence), first assessed in adolescence and now age 24-49, currently residing in states with different cannabis policies (40% resided in a recreationally legal state). We tested the effect of legalization on outcomes of interest and whether legalization interacts with established vulnerability factors (age, sex, or externalizing psychopathology). RESULTS In the co-twin control design accounting for earlier cannabis frequency and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms respectively, the twin living in a recreational state used cannabis on average more often (βw = 0.11, p = 1.3 × 10-3), and had fewer AUD symptoms (βw = -0.11, p = 6.7 × 10-3) than their co-twin living in an non-recreational state. Cannabis legalization was associated with no other adverse outcome in the co-twin design, including cannabis use disorder. No risk factor significantly interacted with legalization status to predict any outcome. CONCLUSIONS Recreational legalization was associated with increased cannabis use and decreased AUD symptoms but was not associated with other maladaptations. These effects were maintained within twin pairs discordant for residence. Moreover, vulnerabilities to cannabis use were not exacerbated by the legal cannabis environment. Future research may investigate causal links between cannabis consumption and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Zellers
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Megan Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jarrod M. Ellingson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Tasha Walvig
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jacob E. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - William Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian J. Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Matt K. McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Papp LM, Kouros CD, Witt HK, Curtin JJ, Blumenstock SM, Barringer A. Real-time momentary mood as a predictor of college students' prescription drug misuse in daily life: Direct links and the moderating role of background mental health. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:787-796. [PMID: 34110882 PMCID: PMC8660934 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study addressed calls for research to identify real-time predictors of prescription drug misuse (Schepis et al., 2020) by testing young adults' momentary reports of their negative mood and positive mood as predictors of event-level misuse in daily life. We implemented a 28-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) procedure that collected individuals' mood and other contextual experiences in moments preceding prescription drug misuse. Consistent with models of problematic substance use as a means to reduce negativity (Khantzian, 1997), results from hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) indicated within-person links between higher than usual negative mood and greater likelihood of prescription misuse in daily life. Contrary to the hypothesis, misuse was also more likely when preceded by elevated positive mood. We found consistent support for the hypothesized between-person effects, with prescription misuse in daily life associated with higher average levels of negative mood, and lower average levels of positive mood, across the reporting period. We further predicted that individuals reporting greater levels of social anxiety, depression, and externalizing symptoms would evidence stronger links between their momentary negative mood and prescription misuse. Partial support for this moderation hypothesis was found, with the positive within-person link between negative mood and prescription misuse significantly stronger among individuals higher (vs. lower) on social anxiety and depression. Results provide support for intricate connections between young adults' momentary mood, mental health symptoms, and prescription drug misuse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
17
|
Guzowski NS, Hoelzle JB, McCrea MA, Nelson LD. Differing associations between measures of somatic symptom reporting, personality, and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:2135-2152. [PMID: 34615438 PMCID: PMC8986884 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1985617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Somatic complaints are known to complicate recovery after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but the construct is poorly understood due to evolving definitions of associated disorders and uncertainty related to its position within the broader construct network of psychopathology. Methods: To better understand measures of somatic symptom reporting widely used with mTBI patients, we examined relationships between the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Somatization (SOM) scale, the Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Somatic Complaints (RC1) scale, other measures of psychological and personality functioning, and mTBI in both athlete concussion (n = 100) and civilian trauma (n = 75 mTBI, n = 79 orthopedic injury) samples. Results: The association between post-injury SOM and RC1 was moderate (r=.37-.46) and similar to associations between these inventories and depression and anxiety symptoms. In civilians with mTBI, RC1 was more strongly associated with diverse personality dimensions than SOM. mTBI athletes reported increases in somatic symptoms from pre- to post-injury, with larger group effect sizes on SOM (ηp2 = 0.34, p < .001) than RC1 (ηp2 = 0.09, p = .003). Civilian mTBI patients showed a trend for somewhat higher post-injury RC1 scores than orthopedic trauma controls (ηp2 = 0.02, p = .068). Conclusions: Findings add to the current knowledge of the influence of somatic complaints in mTBI. BSI-18 SOM and MMPI-2-RF RC1 are not interchangeable, as they are only modestly correlated and demonstrate differing associations with other clinical outcomes and mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael A. McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| | - Lindsay D. Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meddeb A, Berlin J, Laporte N, Wallinius M. Adverse childhood experiences do not moderate the association between aggressive antisocial behavior and general disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric inpatient sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019246. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and high levels of disinhibition have been associated with a variety of negative outcomes such as aggressive antisocial behavior (AAB). However, forensic psychiatric populations remain an understudied group in this field of research. This study aimed to fill that gap by investigating associations between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition in a forensic psychiatric sample. Furthermore, we aimed to explore such findings by investigating whether ACE might have a moderating effect on the association between disinhibition and AAB. A sample of forensic psychiatric patients (n = 89) was recruited from a high-security forensic psychiatric facility in Sweden. All study variables were moderately to strongly related to each other, although we found no moderating effect of ACE. Post hoc analysis indicated that our ACE items had differential effects on AAB scores, with placement outside the family home, absent parents, and parental drug abuse producing the largest effect on AAB levels. Our findings are in line with previous research demonstrating a significant and robust relationship between ACE, AAB, and disinhibition. Forensic psychiatric populations are exposed to high levels of both self-reported and documented ACE. This calls for trauma-informed care and highlights the importance of considering ACE in risk assessment, preventive work, and policy making.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodrik O, Weaver S, Kiehl KA, Koenigs M. Correlates of externalizing psychopathology in incarcerated men. Psychol Assess 2022; 34:912-922. [PMID: 35849404 PMCID: PMC10049692 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing traits are extremely costly for society and disproportionately prevalent among incarcerated individuals. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically derived classification system that approaches psychopathology dimensionally and was developed in response to critiques of current diagnostic classification systems. The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-100 item version (ESI-100) is an assessment of externalizing problems that fits within the HiTOP framework and characterizes dimensional externalizing traits. The present study aimed to replicate prior research examining the convergent validity of the ESI Total Score by examining associations with psychopathy, conduct disorder, and substance use among incarcerated males. A total of 1,808 participants had ESI-100 data, although sample sizes across criterion measures varied. The majority of results replicated relationships between the ESI 159-item version and externalizing disorders and negative emotionality. Less is known about the dimensional relationships between externalizing traits as measured by the ESI-100 and internalizing disorders and symptoms, and other correlates of externalizing. The study extended previous results by examining associations between the ESI-100 and internalizing disorders, impulsivity, childhood trauma, and emotion regulation (ER) as a test of discriminant validity. Analyses revealed associations between the ESI-100 and childhood trauma, impulsivity, emotion regulation difficulties, and symptoms (but not diagnoses) of internalizing disorders. These results enhance our understanding of dimensional traits of externalizing and suggest nuanced relationships between externalizing and internalizing traits. Results have important implications (e.g., transdiagnostic treatment targets) for treatment of mental health disorders by highlighting the importance of cross-diagnostic treatment approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Rodrik
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin, 53719, USA
| | - Shelby Weaver
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin, 53719, USA
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience and Law, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106, USA
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin, 53719, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Perkins ER, Joyner KJ, Foell J, Drislane LE, Brislin SJ, Frick PJ, Yancey JR, Soto EF, Ganley CM, Keel PK, Sica C, Flor H, Nees F, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Patrick CJ. Assessing general versus specific liability for externalizing problems in adolescence: Concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:793-807. [PMID: 36222627 PMCID: PMC9710196 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the generality versus specificity of two trait-liability factors for externalizing problems-disinhibition and callousness-in the concurrent and prospective prediction of symptoms of conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and substance use (i.e., alcohol use disorder and history of illicit substance use). Disinhibition involves an impulsive, unrestrained cognitive-behavioral style; callousness entails a dispositional lack of social-emotional sensitivity. Participants were European adolescents from the multisite IMAGEN project who completed questionnaires and clinical interviews at ages 14 (N = 1,504, Mage = 14.41, 51.13% female) and 16 (N = 1,407, Mage = 16.46, 51.88% female). Disinhibition was related concurrently and prospectively to greater symptoms of conduct disorder, ADHD, and alcohol use disorder; higher scores on a general externalizing factor; and greater likelihood of having tried an illicit substance. Callousness was selectively related to greater conduct disorder symptoms. These findings indicate disinhibition confers broad liability for externalizing spectrum disorders, perhaps due to its affiliated deficits in executive function. In contrast, callousness appears to represent more specific liability for antagonistic (aggressive/exploitative) forms of externalizing, as exemplified by antisocial behavior. Results support the utility of developmental-ontogenetic and hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and have important implications for early assessment of risk for externalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Frick
- Louisiana State University, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - James R. Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, USA
- University of Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein – Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Penny Gowland
- University of Nottingham – University Park, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 “Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie”; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Hohmann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gunter Schumann
- King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Germany
- Fudan University, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frazier A, Gonzales JE. Dispelling a Myth: Reevaluating the Predictive Validity of Rape Myth Acceptance for Likelihood of Engaging in Sexual Violence. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 34:398-424. [PMID: 34167405 DOI: 10.1177/10790632211026287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sexual violence prevention on college campuses has received significant recent attention. A prevalent intervention paradigm has centered around re-educating young people around consent and reduce endorsement of "rape myths," based on the correlation between rape myths and sexual violence incidents. Yet many of these programs have not measurably reduced sexual assaults. We evaluated the predictive value of a rape myth measure, as compared with other predictors (criminal history, childhood victimization, aggressive tendencies, substance use, and empathy), in predicting self-reported acts of forcible and incapacitated sexual assault in college-age men (N = 304) from 45 U.S. states. Across three logistic regression model pairs, rape myths were weakly associated with violence when considered as sole predictors. However, this predictive power dissipated when other predictors were included. Comprehensive models accounted significantly better for variability in outcomes; with criminal history demonstrating consistent predictive effects. Based on these findings, we recommend further research into prevention programming based on other predictors of violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph E Gonzales
- Department of Psychology and The Center for Women & Work, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Perkins ER, King BT, Sörman K, Patrick CJ. Trait boldness and emotion regulation: An event-related potential investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 176:1-13. [PMID: 35301027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to extend knowledge of the role of boldness, a transdiagnostic bipolar trait dimension involving low sensitivity to threat, in emotional reactivity and regulation using physiological and report-based measures. One prior study found that boldness was associated with reduced late positive potential (LPP) while passively viewing aversive images, but not during emotion regulation; a disconnect between LPP and self-reported reactivity was also observed. Here, participants (N = 63) completed an emotion regulation task in which they either passively viewed or effortfully up- or downregulated their emotional reactivity to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures while EEG activity was recorded; they later retrospectively rated the success of their regulation efforts. ANOVAs examining the interactive effects of regulation instruction and boldness on LPP amplitude revealed that lower boldness (higher trait fearfulness) was associated with paradoxical increases in LPP to threat photos during instructed downregulation, relative to passive viewing, along with lower reported regulation success on these trials. Unexpectedly, similar LPP effects were observed for affective images overall, and especially nurturance photos. Although subject to certain limitations, these results suggest that individual differences in boldness play a role not only in general reactivity to aversive stimuli, as evidenced by prior work, but in the ability to effortfully downregulate emotional response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Brittany T King
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Partial Hospitalization Program, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Substance Abuse in Emerging Adults: The Role of Neuromelanin and Ventral Striatal Response to Social and Monetary Rewards. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030352. [PMID: 35326308 PMCID: PMC8946041 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in dopamine system function may increase risk of substance use disorder (SUD). We recently demonstrated that neuromelanin (NM) MRI signal in the substantia nigra, a non-invasive index of dopamine system function, is elevated in long term cocaine users (Cassidy et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether elevated NM-MRI signal is linked to risk of SUD, or is a byproduct of long-term drug use. Our prior work failed to show relations between NM-MRI signal and functional engagement of ventral striatum during a monetary reward task. However, social experiences are commonly linked to drug use and relapse. Given that, NM-MRI signal may be more closely linked to ventral striatal engagement during social, rather than monetary reward processing. Emerging adults (n = 33, 21.88 ± 4.35 years) with varying levels of substance abuse, but without SUD, underwent NM-MRI and fMRI during social and monetary reward processing tasks. Voxelwise analysis within the substantia nigra (SN) demonstrated lower NM-MRI signal was associated with more severe substance abuse. Lower right ventral striatal engagement to social reward was also associated with more severe substance abuse. This relation was moderated by SN NM-MRI signal such that diminished striatal response to reward was associated with greater substance abuse among those with low NM-MRI signal, but lower substance abuse among those with high NM-MRI signal. Unexpectedly, higher right ventral striatal engagement during monetary reward was associated with more severe substance abuse. This relation was moderated by SN NM-MRI signal such that greater striatal response to reward was associated with greater substance abuse among those with low NM-MRI signal. Taken together, we provide preliminary evidence that, in emerging adults, low rather than high dopamine system function may increase risk of substance abuse, and strengthen the association between substance use and the brain’s sensitivity to social and monetary outcomes in different ways.
Collapse
|
24
|
Perceptions of childhood unpredictability, delay discounting, risk-taking, and adult externalizing behaviors: A life-history approach. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:705-717. [PMID: 35039110 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Guided by principles from life-history theory, theories of adaptive calibration provide an overarching theoretical framework for understanding the developmental roots of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology. The current research provides evidence for robust associations between perceptions of childhood unpredictability, delay discounting (Studies 1a and 1b), and adult externalizing traits and behaviors (Study 2). Both associations were observed while controlling for perceptions of the harshness of childhood environments, as well as a range of demographic characteristics. The association with externalizing traits and behavior was observed over and above current mood and depressive symptoms. Study 2 also replicated a previously documented association between changes in maternal employment, residence, and cohabitation during childhood and externalizing behavior and, furthermore, suggested that this association was mediated by perceptions of unpredictability. These studies provided no evidence for links between perceived childhood unpredictability and basic forms of risk-taking (Studies 1a and 1c). This research adds to a growing body of work leveraging principles from life-history theory to demonstrate links between childhood experiences, impulsivity, and potentially debilitating forms of mental illness. This work also highlights the value of assessing people's perceptions of their childhood environments.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bresin K, Mekawi Y, Stevens JS, Hinrichs R, Fani N, Michopoulos V, Powers A. From alcohol to aggression: Examining the structure and nomological network of dysregulated behaviors in a trauma-exposed community sample. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:1220-1239. [PMID: 34862625 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large body of research has shown that alcohol use, drug use, aggression, and self-harm often co-occur within the same individuals, suggesting the possibility of shared etiologies. Research has yet to determine the factor structure of these dysregulated behaviors. METHODS Participants (Mage = 40.33; 74% women) completed self-report and interview-based measures of dysregulated behaviors (alcohol use, drug use, aggression, and self-harm), emotion dysregulation, maladaptive personality traits, and symptoms of DSM disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder [BPD], depression). RESULTS Results showed support for a bifactor model (i.e., all indicators load on a common dysregulated behavior factor and on unique alcohol, drug, aggression, and self-harm factors), which provided a better fit to the data than other models. In line with our hypotheses, the general dysregulated behavior factor was positively associated with emotion regulation difficulties, negative affect, and BPD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for several areas of psychopathology and intervention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Bresin
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Hinrichs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Latzman RD, Krueger RF, DeYoung CG, Michelini G. Connecting quantitatively derived personality-psychopathology models and neuroscience. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 4:e4. [PMID: 34909563 PMCID: PMC8640674 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, personality has been conceptualized in terms of dimensions of human experience - habitual ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. By contrast, psychopathology has traditionally been conceptualized in terms of categories of disorder - disordered thinking, feeling, and behaving. The empirical literature, however, routinely shows that psychopathology does not coalesce into readily distinguishable categories. Indeed, psychopathology tends to delineate dimensions that are relatively similar to dimensions of personality. In this special issue of Personality Neuroscience, authors took up the challenge of reconceptualizing personality and psychopathology in terms of connected and interrelated dimensions, and they considered the utility of pursuing neuroscientific inquiry from this more integrative perspective. In this editorial article, we provide the relevant background to the interface between personality, psychopathology, and neuroscience; summarize contributions to the special issue; and point toward directions for continued research and refinement. All told, it is evident that quantitatively derived, integrative models of personality-psychopathology represent a particularly promising conduit for advancing our understanding of the neurobiological foundation of human experience, both functional and dysfunctional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lowman KL, Patrick CJ, Perkins ER, Bottesi G, Caruso M, Giulini P, Sica C. Evaluating the validity of brief prototype-based informant ratings of triarchic psychopathy traits in prisoners. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW 2021; 39:641-662. [PMID: 34658071 PMCID: PMC9297945 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The validity of self-report psychopathy assessment has been questioned, especially in forensic settings where clinical evaluations influence critical decision-making (e.g., institutional placement, parole eligibility). Informant-based assessment offers a potentially valuable supplement to self-report but is challenging to acquire in under-resourced forensic contexts. The current study evaluated, within an incarcerated sample (n = 322), the extent to which brief prototype-based informant ratings of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition; Patrick et al., 2009) converge with self-report trait scores and show incremental validity in predicting criterion measures. Self/informant convergence was robust for traits of boldness and disinhibition, but weaker for meanness. Informant-rated traits showed incremental predictive validity over self-report traits, both within and across assessment domains. These findings indicate that simple prototype-based informant ratings of the triarchic traits can provide a useful supplement to self-report in assessing psychopathy within forensic-clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Lowman
- Department of PsychologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | | | - Emily R. Perkins
- Department of PsychologyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General PsychologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Maria Caruso
- Department of Health SciencesPsychology SectionUniversity of FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Paolo Giulini
- Department of Health SciencesPsychology SectionUniversity of FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| | - Claudio Sica
- Department of Health SciencesPsychology SectionUniversity of FirenzeFirenzeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Testing for Sex Differences in the Nomological Network of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in Incarcerated Individuals. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes variants of this clinical condition as expressions of three distinct biobehavioral dispositions, termed boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. As a trait-oriented model, the triarchic model situates psychopathy within a broader nomological network of personality and psychopathology, and has proven useful for characterizing how psychopathy relates to variables in these domains as well as to biological and behavioral variables. The current study was the first to examine sex differences in the external correlates of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model in a prison sample. Results were generally consistent with hypotheses: The triarchic traits related to measures of personality and psychopathology in patterns that were largely consistent across sex, but with some notable differences between males and females, in the correlates of disinhibition in particular. These included stronger associations for disinhibition with substance use problems, self-harm, and staff ratings of prison misbehavior among females compared to males. Findings from this study support the value of the triarchic model for understanding similarities and differences in the nomological network of psychopathy in incarcerated males and females.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bartholomay EM, Stone BM, Lyons GA. Depression and social anxiety symptoms explain substance use problems beyond amount/frequency of substance use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
30
|
Krueger RF, Hobbs KA, Conway CC, Dick DM, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Keyes KM, Latzman RD, Michelini G, Patrick CJ, Sellbom M, Slade T, South S, Sunderland M, Tackett J, Waldman I, Waszczuk MA, Wright AG, Zald DH, Watson D, Kotov R. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): II. Externalizing superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:171-193. [PMID: 34002506 PMCID: PMC8129870 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical effort to address limitations of traditional mental disorder diagnoses. These include arbitrary boundaries between disorder and normality, disorder co-occurrence in the modal case, heterogeneity of presentation within dis-orders, and instability of diagnosis within patients. This paper reviews the evidence on the validity and utility of the disinhibited externalizing and antagonistic externalizing spectra of HiTOP, which together constitute a broad externalizing superspectrum. These spectra are composed of elements subsumed within a variety of mental disorders described in recent DSM nosologies, including most notably substance use disorders and "Cluster B" personality disorders. The externalizing superspectrum ranges from normative levels of impulse control and self-assertion, to maladaptive disinhibition and antagonism, to extensive polysubstance involvement and personality psychopathology. A rich literature supports the validity of the externalizing superspectrum, and the disinhibited and antagonistic spectra. This evidence encompasses common genetic influences, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the structure of the phenotypic externalizing superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to disinhibited or antagonistic spectra, and others relevant to the entire externalizing superspectrum, underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared with traditional diagnostic categories, the externalizing superspectrum conceptualization shows improved utility, reliability, explanatory capacity, and clinical applicability. The externalizing superspectrum is one aspect of the general approach to psychopathology offered by HiTOP and can make diagnostic classification more useful in both research and the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey A. Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of PsychologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Michael N. Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestWalter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis‐McChordWAUSA
| | | | - Miriam K. Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of PsychologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance UseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of PsychologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
McDonald JB, Bozzay ML, Bresin K, Verona E. Facets of externalizing psychopathology in relation to inhibitory control and error processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 163:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
32
|
Delfin C, Andiné P, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M. Structural Brain Correlates of the Externalizing Spectrum in Young Adults. Neuroscience 2021; 463:1-13. [PMID: 33774123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The externalizing spectrum, including traits and behaviors such as aggression, reduced inhibitiory control and substance abuse, is associated with altered prefrontal brain morphology. However, the degree to which different manifestations of the externalizing spectrum are associated with distinct or overlapping variations in individual brain morphology is unclear. Here, we therefore used structural magnetic resonance imaging, self-report assessment, and a response inhibition task in a sample of 59 young adults to examine how cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) relate to four different manifestations of the externalizing spectrum: disinhibition, callous aggression, substance abuse, and behavioral inhibitory control. Using Bayesian linear regression models controlling for age, gender, and years of education, we found that the different manifestations of the externalizing spectrum were associated with both distinct and overlapping morphology variations. Specifically, both callous aggression and inhibitory control was associated with increased cortical thickness of the OFC, a region involved in reward processing, decision-making, and regulation of anxiety and fear. Both disinhibition and substance abuse were associated with DLPFC thickness, although with opposite association patterns, possibly reflecting processes related to inhibitory control, working memory and attention. Moreover, disinhibition, but not callous aggression or substance abuse, was associated with behavioral inhibitory control. Our results provide further support for the link between externalizing behaviors and prefrontal brain morphology, while identifying distinct prefrontal areas associated with different clinically relevant manifestations. These findings may help guide further research aimed at developing novel treatment and intervention strategies for externalizing behaviors and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden; Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Resick PA, Wachen JS, Dondanville KA, LoSavio ST, Young-McCaughan S, Yarvis JS, Pruiksma KE, Blankenship A, Jacoby V, Peterson AL, Mintz J. Variable-length Cognitive Processing Therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in active duty military: Outcomes and predictors. Behav Res Ther 2021; 141:103846. [PMID: 33894644 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is an evidence-based therapy recommended for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, rates of improvement and remission are lower in veterans and active duty military compared to civilians. Although CPT was developed as a 12-session therapy, varying the number of sessions based on patient response has improved outcomes in a civilian study. This paper describes outcomes of a clinical trial of variable-length CPT among an active duty sample. Aims were to determine if service members would benefit from varying the dose of treatment and identify predictors of treatment length needed to reach good end-state (PTSD Checklist-5 ≤ 19). This was a within-subjects trial in which all participants received CPT (N = 127). Predictor variables included demographic, symptom, and trauma-related variables; internalizing/externalizing personality traits; and readiness for change. Varying treatment length resulted in more patients achieving good end-state. Best predictors of nonresponse or needing longer treatment were pretreatment depression and PTSD severity, internalizing temperament, being in precontemplation stage of readiness for change, and African American race. Controlling for differences in demographics and initial PTSD symptom severity, the outcomes using a variable-length CPT protocol were superior to the outcomes of a prior study using a fixed, 12-session CPT protocol. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT023818.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schuster Wachen
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Katherine A Dondanville
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Stefanie T LoSavio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Stacey Young-McCaughan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | - Kristi E Pruiksma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Abby Blankenship
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Vanessa Jacoby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Alan L Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Jim Mintz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Reprint of: Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 163:58-66. [PMID: 33685652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1088-1103. [PMID: 33583443 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420002060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
Collapse
|
36
|
Examining the Psychometric Equivalency of MMPI-3 Scale Scores Derived From the MMPI-3 and the MMPI-2-RF-EX. Assessment 2021; 29:842-853. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191121991921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the comparability of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–3 (MMPI-3) scale scores derived from the 335-item MMPI-3 to MMPI-3 scale scores derived from the 433-item MMPI-2 restructured form–expanded version (MMPI-2-RF-EX), an enhanced version of the MMPI-2-RF that was used to develop and validate the MMPI-3. To that end, we examined data from 192 college undergraduates who completed both the MMPI-3 and MMPI-2-RF-EX 1 week apart using a counterbalanced design. Across versions, mean T-scores and standard deviations, estimates of internal consistency, and standard error of measurement values, were highly similar, indicating no clinically meaningful differences across versions. We also compared between-version test–retest comparability values with within-version values calculated using a sample of undergraduates ( N = 318) who completed the MMPI-2-RF-EX twice over the same time interval, finding only marginal differences across the two samples. Finally, we computed column-vector correlations between MMPI-3 scores from both versions and several criterion measures, where results reflected no effect of test version on external validity. Overall, we determined that scale scores derived from either booklet are psychometrically interchangeable, indicating that MMPI-3 scale scores obtained from an administration of the MMPI-2-RF-EX can be applied when using the 335-item MMPI-3.
Collapse
|
37
|
Response-locked component of error monitoring in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of error-related negativity/positivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:104-119. [PMID: 33497788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that psychopathic individuals display difficulties to adapt their behavior in accordance with the demands of the environment and show altered performance monitoring. Studies investigating the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error-positivity (Pe) as electrophysiological markers of error monitoring reported contradictory results for this population. To explain these discrepancies, we hypothesized that psychopathy dimensions influence electrophysiological outcomes. We predicted that individuals with impulsive-antisocial features would display abnormal ERN compared to individuals with interpersonal-affective features. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating ERN and Pe components were conducted. A factorial analysis was undertaken to investigate the role of psychopathy dimensions on ERN and Pe. Compared to controls, psychopathic individuals (n = 940) showed a reduced ERN and Pe amplitude. The factorial analysis indicates a dissociation regarding the construct of psychopathy. The models reported that psychopathic individuals related specifically to the interpersonal-affective dimension displayed normal ERN component and efficient error-monitoring, while psychopathic individuals with a marked impulsive-antisocial dimension display a decreased ERN component and altered performance monitoring.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lago-Gonzalez L, Bronchain J, Chabrol H. Psychopathic and borderline traits in a college sample: Personality profiles and relations to self-directed and other-directed aggression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Delfin C, Ruzich E, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M, Andiné P. Trait Disinhibition and NoGo Event-Related Potentials in Violent Mentally Disordered Offenders and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577491. [PMID: 33362599 PMCID: PMC7759527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait disinhibition may function as a dispositional liability toward maladaptive behaviors relevant in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of the NoGo N2 and P3 event-related potentials have emerged as promising candidates for transdiagnostic, biobehavioral markers of trait disinhibition, yet no study has specifically investigated these two components in violent, inpatient MDOs. Here, we examined self-reported trait disinhibition, experimentally assessed response inhibition, and NoGo N2 and P3 amplitude and latency in male, violent MDOs (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 20). MDOs had a higher degree of trait disinhibition, reduced NoGo P3 amplitude, and delayed NoGo P3 latency compared to controls. The reduced NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in MDOs may stem from deficits during monitoring or evaluation of behavior. NoGo P3 latency was associated with increased trait disinhibition in the whole sample, suggesting that trait disinhibition may be associated with reduced neural efficiency during later stages of outcome monitoring or evaluation. Findings for NoGo N2 amplitude and latency were small and non-robust. With several limitations in mind, this is the first study to demonstrate attenuated NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in violent, inpatient MDOs compared to healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Emily Ruzich
- MedTech West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Palumbo IM, Perkins ER, Yancey JR, Brislin SJ, Patrick CJ, Latzman RD. Toward a multimodal measurement model for the neurobehavioral trait of affiliative capacity. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 3:e11. [PMID: 33283145 PMCID: PMC7681166 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research supports the value of a multimodal assessment approach, drawing on measures from different response modalities, for clarifying how core biobehavioral processes relate to various clinical problems and dimensions of psychopathology. Using data for 507 healthy adults, the current study was undertaken to integrate self-report and neurophysiological (brain potential) measures as a step toward a multimodal measurement model for the trait of affiliative capacity (AFF) - a biobehavioral construct relevant to adaptive and maladaptive social-interpersonal functioning. Individuals low in AFF exhibit a lack of interpersonal connectedness, deficient empathy, and an exploitative-aggressive social style that may be expressed transdiagnostically in antagonistic externalizing or distress psychopathology. Specific aims were to (1) integrate trait scale and brain potential indicators into a multimodal measure of AFF and (2) evaluate associations of this multimodal measure with criterion variables of different types. Results demonstrated (1) success in creating a multimodal measure of AFF from self-report and neural indicators, (2) effectiveness of this measure in predicting both clinical-diagnostic and neurophysiological criterion variables, and (3) transdiagnostic utility of the multimodal measure at both specific-disorder and broad symptom-dimension levels. Our findings further illustrate the value of psychoneurometric operationalizations of biobehavioral trait dimensions as referents for clarifying transdiagnostic relationships between biological systems variables and empirically defined dimensions of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R. Perkins
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James R. Yancey
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Joyner KJ, Daurio AM, Perkins ER, Patrick CJ, Latzman RD. The difference between trait disinhibition and impulsivity-and why it matters for clinical psychological science. Psychol Assess 2020; 33:29-44. [PMID: 33151728 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the psychological science field, there is substantial interest in quantifying individual differences in self-regulatory capacity because of its transdiagnostic relevance to various forms of psychopathology. Trait disinhibition and impulsiveness are popular conceptualizations of dispositions reflecting self-regulation of behavioral and emotional responding. In the literature, these constructs are often treated interchangeably because of their shared focus on general disconstraint and a lack of direct comparisons between measures of each. The current work used structural modeling to examine conceptual and empirical differences between 2 popular operationalizations of these traits in 2 samples (Ns = 400, 308), and employed regression and dominance analyses to compare their predictive relations with criterion measures of externalizing problems and negative affectivity (NA). Impulsigenic traits were related both to externalizing problems and NA, whereas trait disinhibition was selectively associated with externalizing. In a dominance analysis, trait disinhibition exhibited complete dominance over all impulsigenic traits in predicting externalizing problems. Conversely, multiple impulsigenic traits evidenced complete dominance over trait disinhibition in prediction of NA. The current work provides evidence that (a) disinhibition and impulsigenic traits are not interchangeable, (b) disinhibition specifically indexes propensity for externalizing problems, and (c) impulsigenic traits reflect a blend of externalizing and NA that appears relevant to diverse forms of psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
42
|
Conway CC, Chang F, Young KS, Craske MG. Threat Conditioning and Trait-Based Vulnerability to Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:708-719. [PMID: 33074058 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2020.34.5.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Some personality disorders (PDs) are accompanied by heightened threat sensitivity to benign events, whereas others are associated with minimal reactivity to danger or punishment. Such aberrant patterns of defensive responding may be due to abnormal threat learning processes, analogous to those observed in other fear- and fearlessness-based disorders. We investigated threat learning deficits with a Pavlovian differential conditioning procedure in an undergraduate sample (n = 117) overselected for negative affectivity. Contrary to predictions, maladaptive personality traits, as assessed via the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, were largely unrelated to defensive responding (i.e., subjective and electrodermal reactions to danger and safety cues) during threat conditioning. We discuss the possible boundary conditions of threat learning abnormalities in PD and suggest research designs that could more effectively reveal such deficits, if they exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fini Chang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bowyer CB, Joyner KJ, Latzman RD, Venables NC, Foell J, Patrick CJ. A Model-Based Strategy for Interfacing Traits of the DSM-5 AMPD With Neurobiology. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:586-608. [PMID: 33074055 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2020.34.5.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) groups traits into domains based on factor analyses of self-report data. AMPD traits may need to be configured differently to interface with neurobiology. Focusing on biobehavioral risk for externalizing problems in 334 adults, the authors used structural modeling to evaluate how well alternative configurations of AMPD traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), interface with neural indicators of externalizing liability. A model specifying two correlated factors defined by traits within the PID-5 Disinhibition domain and brain-response indicators of externalizing proneness exhibited inadequate fit. However, a model using PID-5 traits with better coverage of biobehavioral externalizing liability evidenced good fit. Scores on this PID-5 trait factor, termed "PID-5 Externalizing Proneness," converged well with criterion measures of externalizing proneness and diverged from measures of threat sensitivity. Findings illustrate how AMPD traits can be configured for use in investigations of biobehavioral risk for psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Foell
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heritability of overlapping impulsivity and compulsivity dimensional phenotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14378. [PMID: 32873811 PMCID: PMC7463011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity and compulsivity are traits relevant to a range of mental health problems and have traditionally been conceptualised as distinct constructs. Here, we reconceptualised impulsivity and compulsivity as partially overlapping phenotypes using a bifactor modelling approach and estimated heritability for their shared and unique phenotypic variance within a classical twin design. Adult twin pairs (N = 173) completed self-report questionnaires measuring psychological processes related to impulsivity and compulsivity. We fitted variance components models to three uncorrelated phenotypic dimensions: a general impulsive-compulsive dimension; and two narrower phenotypes related to impulsivity and obsessiveness.There was evidence of moderate heritability for impulsivity (A2 = 0.33), modest additive genetic or common environmental effects for obsessiveness (A2 = 0.25; C2 = 0.23), and moderate effects of common environment (C2 = 0.36) for the general dimension, This general impulsive-compulsive phenotype may reflect a quantitative liability to related mental health disorders that indexes exposure to potentially modifiable environmental risk factors.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kotov R, Jonas KG, Carpenter WT, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs K, Reininghaus U, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright A, Zald DH, Krueger RF, Watson D. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:151-172. [PMID: 32394571 PMCID: PMC7214958 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a scientific effort to address shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, which suffer from arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic instability. This paper synthesizes evidence on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP. These spectra are composed of symptoms and maladaptive traits currently subsumed within schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. Thought disorder ranges from normal reality testing, to maladaptive trait psychoticism, to hallucinations and delusions. Detachment ranges from introversion, to maladaptive detachment, to blunted affect and avolition. Extensive evidence supports the validity of thought disorder and detachment spectra, as each spectrum reflects common genetics, environmental risk factors, childhood antecedents, cognitive abnormalities, neural alterations, biomarkers, and treatment response. Some of these characteristics are specific to one spectrum and others are shared, suggesting the existence of an overarching psychosis superspectrum. Further research is needed to extend this model, such as clarifying whether mania and dissociation belong to thought disorder, and explicating processes that drive development of the spectra and their subdimensions. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the thought disorder and detachment spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians. Validated measures are available to implement the system in practice. The more informative, reliable and valid characterization of psychosis-related psychopathology offered by HiTOP can make diagnosis more useful for research and clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | | | - Michael N. Dretsch
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, US Army Medical Research Directorate ‐ WestSilver SpringMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kelsey Hobbs
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergGermany,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK,Centre for Epidemiology and Public HealthInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Susan C. South
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance AbuseUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | | | - David H. Zald
- Department of PsychologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - David Watson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendINUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Soe-Agnie SE, Paap MCS, Nijman HLI, De Jong CAJ. Psychometric Properties of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory: Replication and Extension across Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:332-341. [PMID: 32329635 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1753752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory aims at assessing personality features that underlie externalizing disorders such as substance abuse and antisocial behaviors. The objective was to replicate the psychometric properties of the 160-item Externalizing Spectrum Inventory in Dutch clinical and non-clinical samples. First, Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability and the factor structure were analyzed on a mixed sample of inpatients (n = 149), undergraduates (n = 227), and community participants (n = 178). The factor structure was evaluated through confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses; for the latter Parallel Analysis was used, based on Minimum Rank Factor Analysis. Next, the criterion validity was analyzed using the Aggression Questionnaire and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory as external measures. The Dutch Externalizing Spectrum Inventory subscales showed sufficient reliability (α=.68-.94; ICC=.68-.91), except in the undergraduate sample (α=.49-.96; ICC=.43-.97). The factor structure of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory was not confirmed and the exploratory analysis yielded different factor solutions across samples. The criterion validity was supported with regard to trait aggression and partly supported with regard to the Five Factor Model. The results suggest that the ESI-160 and its original factor model can be used for prediction purposes. However, further research of the factor structure is strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Soe-Agnie
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muirne C S Paap
- Nieuwenhuis Institute for Educational Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Clinic Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henk L I Nijman
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Forensic psychiatric institute Fivoor, Den Dolder, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A J De Jong
- Behavioural Science Institute (BSI), Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Substance use is associated with reduced devaluation sensitivity. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:40-55. [PMID: 30377929 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Substance use has been linked to impairments in reward processing and decision-making, yet empirical research on the relationship between substance use and devaluation of reward in humans is limited. We report findings from two studies that tested whether individual differences in substance use behavior predicted reward learning strategies and devaluation sensitivity in a nonclinical sample. Participants in Experiment 1 (N = 66) and Experiment 2 (N = 91) completed subscales of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory and then performed a two-stage reinforcement learning task that included a devaluation procedure. Spontaneous eye blink rate was used as an indirect proxy for dopamine functioning. In Experiment 1, correlational analysis revealed a negative relationship between substance use and devaluation sensitivity. In Experiment 2, regression modeling revealed that while spontaneous eyeblink rate moderated the relationship between substance use and reward learning strategies, substance use alone was related to devaluation sensitivity. These results suggest that once reward-action associations are established during reinforcement learning, substance use predicted reduced sensitivity to devaluation independently of variation in eyeblink rate. Thus, substance use is not only related to increased habit formation but also to difficulty disengaging from learned habits. Implications for the role of the dopaminergic system in habitual responding in individuals with substance use problems are discussed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ruggero CJ, Kotov R, Hopwood CJ, First M, Clark LA, Skodol AE, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Patrick CJ, Bach B, Cicero DC, Docherty A, Simms LJ, Bagby RM, Krueger RF, Callahan JL, Chmielewski M, Conway CC, De Clercq B, Dornbach-Bender A, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Haltigan JD, Miller JD, Morey LC, Patalay P, Regier DA, Reininghaus U, Shackman AJ, Waszczuk MA, Watson D, Wright AGC, Zimmermann J. Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 87:1069-1084. [PMID: 31724426 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis is a cornerstone of clinical practice for mental health care providers, yet traditional diagnostic systems have well-known shortcomings, including inadequate reliability, high comorbidity, and marked within-diagnosis heterogeneity. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a data-driven, hierarchically based alternative to traditional classifications that conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of dimensions organized into increasingly broad, transdiagnostic spectra. Prior work has shown that using a dimensional approach improves reliability and validity, but translating a model like HiTOP into a workable system that is useful for health care providers remains a major challenge. METHOD The present work outlines the HiTOP model and describes the core principles to guide its integration into clinical practice. RESULTS Potential advantages and limitations of the HiTOP model for clinical utility are reviewed, including with respect to case conceptualization and treatment planning. A HiTOP approach to practice is illustrated and contrasted with an approach based on traditional nosology. Common barriers to using HiTOP in real-world health care settings and solutions to these barriers are discussed. CONCLUSIONS HiTOP represents a viable alternative to classifying mental illness that can be integrated into practice today, although research is needed to further establish its utility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Michael First
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Bach
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital
| | | | | | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto
| | | | | | | | | | - Barbara De Clercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | | | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University
| | | | | | | | | | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies and MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London
| | - Darrel A Regier
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University
| | | | | | | | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brown MFD, Stanton K, Watson D. Replicable Factor Structure and Correlates of an Alternate Version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
50
|
Joyner KJ, Yancey JR, Venables NC, Burwell SJ, Iacono WG, Patrick CJ. Using a co-twin control design to evaluate alternative trait measures as indices of liability for substance use disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 148:75-83. [PMID: 31857192 PMCID: PMC10659239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To establish a trait-dispositional variable as an indicator of liability for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs), the trait must share heritable variance with SUDs and its association should not be primarily attributable to a direct impact of SUDs on characteristics that define the trait. The current work applied a co-twin control (CTC) modeling approach to data from two monozygotic twin samples to investigate the degree to which different measures of trait-impulsiveness represent indicants of vulnerability to SUDs (liability indicators), or outcomes or concomitants of SUDs (exposure indicators). The Five Factor Model (FFM) trait of conscientiousness was assessed via self-report, and a counterpart neurobehavioral trait of disinhibition was assessed both through self-report and using self-report and brain response measures combined. FFM trait data were available for one twin sample (N = 298); data for variants of P3 brain response were available along with a scale measure of disinhibition in the other (N = 258). CTC analyses revealed only an exposure effect of SUD symptomatology on FFM conscientiousness, indicating that this self-report assessed trait does not index liability for SUDs. By contrast, the disinhibition scale measure showed pronounced liability and weaker exposure-based associations with SUDs - and when quantified using scale scores together with P3 brain response, the exposure-based association was eliminated, such that this disinhibition measure related to SUD symptoms exclusively as a function of liability influences. These findings highlight a distinct advantage of quantifying traits in neurobehavioral terms - namely, the capacity to effectively index dispositional liability for psychopathological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James R Yancey
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Noah C Venables
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Scott J Burwell
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, 2450 Riverside Avenue, South Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - William G Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Patrick
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|