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ten Hove M, Smyris A, Booijink R, Wachsmuth L, Hansen U, Alic L, Faber C, Hӧltke C, Bansal R. Engineered SPIONs functionalized with endothelin a receptor antagonist ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:406-426. [PMID: 38855059 PMCID: PMC11157122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1/endothelin A receptor (ET-1/ETAR) pathway plays an important role in the progression of liver fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) - a key cell type involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Inactivating HSCs by blocking the ET-1/ETAR pathway using a selective ETAR antagonist (ERA) represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. Unfortunately, small-molecule ERAs possess limited clinical potential due to poor bioavailability, short half-life, and rapid renal clearance. To improve the clinical applicability, we conjugated ERA to superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ERA and ERA-SPIONs in vitro and in vivo and analyzed liver uptake by in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), HSCs-specific localization, and ET-1/ETAR-pathway antagonism in vivo. In murine and human liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, we observed overexpression of ET-1 and ETAR that correlated with HSC activation, and HSC-specific localization of ETAR. ERA and successfully synthesized ERA-SPIONs demonstrated significant attenuation in TGFβ-induced HSC activation, ECM production, migration, and contractility. In an acute CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model, ERA-SPIONs exhibited higher liver uptake, HSC-specific localization, and ET-1/ETAR pathway antagonism. This resulted in significantly reduced liver-to-body weight ratio, plasma ALT levels, and α-SMA and collagen-I expression, indicating attenuation of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the delivery of ERA using SPIONs enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ERA in vivo. This approach holds promise as a theranostic strategy for the MRI-based diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit ten Hove
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Smyris
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Richell Booijink
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lejla Alic
- Department of Magnetic Detection and Imaging, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Hӧltke
- Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Bioengineering Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Owen NE, Williams TL, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport EE, Davenport AP. Microarray analysis demonstrates up-regulation of the endothelin-1 gene with compensatory down-regulation of the ETA receptor gene in human portal vein. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240528. [PMID: 38860875 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure in the portal vein, portal hypertension (PH), is the final common pathway in liver cirrhosis regardless of aetiology. Complications from PH are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Current drug therapy to reduce portal pressure is mainly limited to β-adrenergic receptor blockade but approximately 40% of patients do not respond. Our aim was to use microarray to measure the expression of ∼20,800 genes in portal vein from patients with PH undergoing transplantation for liver cirrhosis (PH, n=12) versus healthy vessels (control, n=9) to identify potential drug targets to improve therapy. Expression of 9,964 genes above background was detected in portal vein samples. Comparing PH veins versus control (adjusted P-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5) identified 548 up-regulated genes and 1,996 down-regulated genes. The 2,544 differentially expressed genes were subjected to pathway analysis. We identified 49 significantly enriched pathways. The endothelin pathway was ranked the tenth most significant, the only vasoconstrictive pathway to be identified. ET-1 gene (EDN1) was significantly up-regulated, consistent with elevated levels of ET-1 peptide previously measured in PH and cirrhosis. ETA receptor gene (EDNRA) was significantly down-regulated, consistent with an adaptive response to increased peptide levels in the portal vein but there was no change in the ETB gene (EDNRB). The results provide further support for evaluating the efficacy of ETA receptor antagonists as a potential therapy in addition to β-blockers in patients with PH and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola E Owen
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Emma E Davenport
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, U.K
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, U.K
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Nejad SH, Azzam O, Schlaich MP. Recent developments in the management of resistant hypertension: focus on endothelin receptor antagonists. Future Cardiol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38953510 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2367390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is characterized by the inability of guideline-recommended triple combination therapy to control blood pressure (BP) to target. It is associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse outcomes. Despite abundant preclinical evidence supporting the critical role of the endothelin pathway in resistant hypertension (RH), clinical implementation of endothelin antagonists for the treatment of hypertension was hindered by various factors. Recently, the novel dual endothelin-receptor antagonist aprocitentan was tested in individuals with resistant hypertension in the PRECISION trial and provided compelling evidence supporting both short and longer-term safety and clinically meaningful and sustained BP lowering efficacy. These findings resulted in the recent regulatory approval of aprocitentan by the FDA. Aprocitentan may be a particularly useful antihypertensive option for individuals with advanced age, chronic kidney disease, and albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Heidari Nejad
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit & RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit & RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit & RPH Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Morishima T, Yamaguchi K, Goto K. Impact of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in combined hypoxic and hot conditions on endothelial function. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38922727 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There is no study that has investigated the impact of exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot environment on endothelial function. Therefore, we tested whether aerobic exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot conditions induces further enhancement of endothelial function. Twelve healthy males cycled at a constant workload (50% of their maximal oxygen uptake under normoxic/thermoneutral conditions) for 30 min in four different environments: exercise under normoxic condition (NOR: fraction of inspiratory oxygen or FiO2 = 20.9%, 20°C), exercise under hypoxic condition (HYP: FiO2 = 14.5%, 20°C), exercise under hot condition (HOT: FiO2 = 20.9%, 30°C), and exercise under combined hypoxia and hot conditions (HH: FiO2 = 14.5%, 30°C). Before, during, and after exercise, cardiovascular variables (e.g., heart rate, blood flow, and shear rate), blood variables, and endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed. Heart rates were significantly higher throughout the HH trial's experimental period than the other trials (p < 0.05). However, in the HH trial, brachial artery blood flow and shear rate did not differ from those in other trials after exercise. Plasma catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) elevations in response to exercise were significantly higher in the HH trial than in the other three trials (p < 0.05). No considerable differences were observed in FMD responses among trials before and after the exercise. In conclusion, aerobic exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment further activated sympathetic nervous activity but did not considerably enhance blood flow, shear rate, or endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Morishima
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Otani M, Kushida Y, Kuroda Y, Wakao S, Oguma Y, Sasaki K, Katahira S, Terai R, Ryoke R, Nonaka H, Kawashima R, Saiki Y, Dezawa M. New rat model of spinal cord infarction with long-lasting functional disabilities generated by intraspinal injection of endothelin-1. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002962. [PMID: 38906547 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current method for generating an animal model of spinal cord (SC) infarction is highly invasive and permits only short-term observation, typically limited to 28 days. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish a rat model characterised by long-term survival and enduring SC dysfunction by inducing selective ischaemic SC damage. METHODS In 8-week-old male Wistar rats, a convection-enhanced delivery technique was applied to selectively deliver endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the anterior horn of the SC at the Th13 level, leading to SC infarction. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score was assessed for 56 days. The SC was examined by a laser tissue blood flowmeter, MRI, immunohistochemistry, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Western blots and TUNEL staining. RESULTS The puncture method was used to bilaterally inject 0.7 µL ET-1 (2.5 mg/mL) from the lateral SC into the anterior horns (40° angle, 1.5 mm depth) near the posterior root origin. Animals survived until day 56 and the BBB score was stably maintained (5.5±1.0 at day 14 and 6.2±1.0 at day 56). Rats with BBB scores ≤1 on day 1 showed stable scores of 5-6 after day 14 until day 56 while rats with BBB scores >1 on day 1 exhibited only minor dysfunction with BBB scores >12 after day 14. TTC staining, immunostaining and TUNEL staining revealed selective ischaemia and neuronal cell death in the anterior horn. T2-weighted MR images showed increasing signal intensity at the SC infarction site over time. Western blots revealed apoptosis and subsequent inflammation in SC tissue after ET-1 administration. CONCLUSIONS Selective delivery of ET-1 into the SC allows for more precise localisation of the infarcted area at the targeted site and generates a rat SC infarction model with stable neurological dysfunction lasting 56 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Otani
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kuroda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yo Oguma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Katahira
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Rie Ryoke
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Saiki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Schiffrin EL, Fisher NDL. Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension. BMJ 2024; 385:e079108. [PMID: 38897628 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-079108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is defined as blood pressure that remains above the therapeutic goal despite concurrent use of at least three antihypertensive agents of different classes, including a diuretic, with all agents administered at maximum or maximally tolerated doses. Resistant hypertension is also diagnosed if blood pressure control requires four or more antihypertensive drugs. Assessment requires the exclusion of apparent treatment resistant hypertension, which is most often the result of non-adherence to treatment. Resistant hypertension is associated with major cardiovascular events in the short and long term, including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and renal failure. Guidelines from several professional organizations recommend lifestyle modification and antihypertensive drugs. Medications typically include an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a long acting thiazide-type/like diuretic; if a fourth drug is needed, evidence supports addition of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. After a long pause since 2007 when the last antihypertensive class was approved, several novel agents are now under active development. Some of these may provide potent blood pressure lowering in broad groups of patients, such as aldosterone synthase inhibitors and dual endothelin receptor antagonists, whereas others may provide benefit by allowing treatment of resistant hypertension in special populations, such as non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease. Several device based approaches have been tested, with renal denervation being the best supported and only approved interventional device treatment for resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naomi D L Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Stasinopoulou M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kadoglou NPE. The Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Bosentan, in Combination with Atorvastatin-An Experimental Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6614. [PMID: 38928320 PMCID: PMC11203450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), has potential anti-atherosclerotic properties. We investigated the complementary effects of bosentan and atorvastatin on the progression and composition of the atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice. Forty-eight male ApoE-/- mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. At week 8, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin, and mice were randomized into four groups: (1) control/COG: no intervention; (2) ΒOG: bosentan 100 mg/kg/day per os; (3) ATG: atorvastatin 20 mg/kg/day per os; and (4) BO + ATG: combined administration of bosentan and atorvastatin. The intra-plaque contents of collagen, elastin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, -9), and TIMP-1 were determined. The percentage of lumen stenosis was significantly lower across all treated groups: BOG: 19.5 ± 2.2%, ATG: 12.8 ± 4.8%, and BO + ATG: 9.1 ± 2.7% compared to controls (24.6 ± 4.8%, p < 0.001). The administration of both atorvastatin and bosentan resulted in significantly higher collagen content and thicker fibrous cap versus COG (p < 0.01). All intervention groups showed lower relative intra-plaque concentrations of MCP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 and a higher TIMP-1concentration compared to COG (p < 0.001). Importantly, latter parameters presented lower levels when bosentan was combined with atorvastatin compared to COG (p < 0.05). Bosentan treatment in diabetic, atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice delayed the atherosclerosis progression and enhanced plaques' stability, showing modest but additive effects with atorvastatin, which are promising in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Stasinopoulou
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (N.K.)
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Saito Y, Nodai T, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R. Diagnostic potential of endothelin-1 in peri-implant diseases: a cross-sectional study. Int J Implant Dent 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38874661 PMCID: PMC11178717 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide derived from vascular endothelial cells, as a biomarker for diagnosing peri-implant diseases. METHODS A cohort of 29 patients with a total of 76 implants was included in this study and subsequently divided into three groups based on peri-implant clinical parameters and radiographic examination: healthy (peri-implant health) (n = 29), mucositis (n = 22), and peri-implantitis (n = 25) groups. The levels of ET-1 (ρg/site) and interleukin (IL)-1β (ρg/site) in peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples were determined using enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analyses were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers. RESULTS ET-1 levels were significantly elevated in the peri-implantitis group compared to those in the healthy group, and were highest in the peri-implant mucositis group. Additionally, IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group than those in the healthy group. ROC curve analysis indicated that ET-1 exhibited superior area under the curve values, sensitivity, and specificity compared to those of IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the presence of ET-1 in PISF plays a role in peri-implant diseases. Its significantly increased expression in peri-implant mucositis indicates its potential for enabling earlier and more accurate assessments of peri-implant inflammation when combined with conventional examination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Saito
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Nodai
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
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Sakata H, Kanoke A, Uchida H, Haryu S, Omodaka S, Kimura N, Yoshida M, Niizuma K, Tominaga T, Endo H. Prophylactic management of cerebral vasospasm with clazosentan in real clinical practice: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1413632. [PMID: 38903164 PMCID: PMC11187092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1413632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clazosentan, a selective endothelin receptor subtype A antagonist, reduces vasospasm-related morbidity and all-cause mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Japanese population, as demonstrated by a recent randomized phase 3 trial. However, evidence to suggest clazosentan should be prioritized over the current standard of care to prevent cerebral vasospasm is still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of clazosentan in comparison with conventional postoperative management in real-world clinical practice. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study using prospectively collected data from consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH. After clazosentan was approved for use in Japan, the conventional postoperative management protocol, composed of intravenous fasudil chloride and oral cilostazol (control group, April 2021 to March 2022), was changed to the clazosentan protocol (clazosentan group, April 2022 to March 2023). The primary endpoint was the incidence of vasospasm-related symptomatic infarction. The secondary endpoints were favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale score < 3) at discharge, angiographic vasospasm, and the need for rescue therapy for delayed cerebral ischemia. Results The analysis included 100 and 81 patients in the control and clazosentan groups, respectively. The incidence of vasospasm-related symptomatic infarction was significantly lower in the clazosentan group than in the control group (6.2% vs. 16%, p = 0.032). Multiple logistic analyses demonstrated that the use of clazosentan was independently associated with fewer incidence of vasospasm-related symptomatic infarct (23.8% vs. 47.5%, odds ratio 0.34 [0.12-0.97], p = 0.032). Clazosentan was significantly associated with favorable outcomes at discharge (79% vs. 66%, p = 0.037). Moreover, both the incidence of angiographic vasospasm (25.9% vs. 44%, p = 0.013) and the need for rescue therapy (16.1% vs. 34%, p = 0.006) was lower in the clazosentan group. The occurrence of pulmonary edema was significantly higher with clazosentan use (19.8% vs. 5%, p = 0.002), which did not result in morbidity. Conclusion A postoperative management protocol centering on clazosentan was associated with the reduced vasospasm-related symptomatic infarction and improved clinical outcomes compared to the conventional management protocol in Japanese clinical practice. Clazosentan might be a promising treatment option for counteracting cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kanoke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uchida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Haryu
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Omodaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Kimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Preemptive Medicine in the Community of the North Miyagi (Osaki Citizen Hospital), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Research Division of Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Research Division of Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Research Division of Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Arndt P, Turkowski K, Cekay M, Eul B, Grimminger F, Savai R. Endothelin and the tumor microenvironment: a finger in every pie. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:617-634. [PMID: 38785410 PMCID: PMC11130555 DOI: 10.1042/cs20240426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in the development of cancer. Within this complex milieu, the endothelin (ET) system plays a key role by triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, causing degradation of the extracellular matrix and modulating hypoxia response, cell proliferation, composition, and activation. These multiple effects of the ET system on cancer progression have prompted numerous preclinical studies targeting the ET system with promising results, leading to considerable optimism for subsequent clinical trials. However, these clinical trials have not lived up to the high expectations; in fact, the clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any substantiated benefit of targeting the ET system in cancer patients. This review discusses the major and recent advances of the ET system with respect to TME and comments on past and ongoing clinical trials of the ET system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F. Arndt
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kati Turkowski
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael J. Cekay
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Bastian Eul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the DZL, Member of the CPI, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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11
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Brussee JM, Sidharta PN, Dingemanse J, Krause A. Population pharmacokinetics of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist aprocitentan in subjects with or without essential or resistant hypertension. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2024; 51:243-252. [PMID: 38332190 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-024-09902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aprocitentan is a novel, potent, dual endothelin receptor antagonist that recently demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of difficult-to-treat (resistant) hypertension. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model describing aprocitentan plasma concentration over time, to investigate relationships between subject-specific factors (covariates) and model parameters, and to quantify the influence of the identified covariates on the exposure to aprocitentan via model-based simulations, enabling judgment about the clinical relevance of the covariates.PK data from 902 subjects in ten Phase 1, one Phase 2, and one Phase 3 study were pooled to develop a joint population PK model. The concentration-time course of aprocitentan was described by a two-compartment model with absorption lag time, first-order absorption and elimination, and reduced relative bioavailability following very high doses of 300 and 600 mg.The population PK model described the observed data well. Volume and clearance parameters were associated with body weight. Renal function as reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatic impairment, and sex were identified as relevant covariates on clearance.The subject-specific characteristics of body weight, eGFR, hepatic impairment, and sex were shown to influence exposure parameters area under the concentration-time curve and maximum concentration in steady state to a limited extent, i.e., not more than 25% different from a reference subject, and therefore do not warrant dose adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke M Brussee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Patricia N Sidharta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Krause
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil, 4123, Switzerland.
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12
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El Omari N, Bakrim S, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Iesa MAM, El Kadri K, Tang SY, Goh BH, Bouyahya A. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms: dietary phytosterols as guardians against cardiovascular diseases. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38722432 PMCID: PMC11082103 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Until recently, the main pharmaceuticals used to control cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) were statin-related drugs, known for their historical side effects. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring alternatives, such as nutritional and dietary components, that could play a central role in CVD prevention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how natural phytosterols found in various diets combat CVDs. We begin with a description of the overall approach, then we explore in detail the different direct and indirect mechanisms that contribute to reducing cardiovascular incidents. Phytosterols, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, ergosterol, and fucosterol, emerge as promising molecules within nutritional systems for protection against CVDs due to their beneficial effects at different levels through direct or indirect cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms. Specifically, the mentioned phytosterols exhibit the ability to diminish the generation of various radicals, including hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. They also promote the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation through the activation of Nrf2 and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways. Additionally, they demonstrate a significant inhibitory capacity in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus playing a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory/immune response by inhibiting the expression of proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways such as JAK3/STAT3 and NF-κB. Moreover, phytosterols play a key role in reducing cholesterol absorption and improving the lipid profile. These compounds can be used as dietary supplements or included in specific diets to aid control cholesterol levels, particularly in individuals suffering from hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P. O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A M Iesa
- Department of Physiology, Al Qunfudah Medical College, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawtar El Kadri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10106, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway City, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 10106, Rabat, Morocco.
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13
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Ozkara G, Aslan EI, Malikova F, Aydogan C, Ser OS, Kilicarslan O, Dalgic SN, Yildiz A, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1b Genetic Variants Increase the Risk of Coronary Artery Ectasia. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10810-9. [PMID: 38625594 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), defined as a 1.5-fold or greater enlargement of a coronary artery segment compared to the adjacent normal coronary artery, is frequently associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Membrane-bound endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is involved in the maturation process of the most potent vasoconstrictor ET-1. Polymorphisms in the endothelin (ET) gene family have been shown associated with the development of atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate the effects of rs213045 and rs2038089 polymorphisms in the ECE-1 gene which have been previously shown to be associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension (HT), in CAE patients. Ninety-six CAE and 175 patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. ECE-1b gene variations rs213045 and rs2038089 were determined by real-time PCR. The frequencies of rs213045 C > A (C338A) CC genotype (60.4% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) and rs2038089 T > C T allele (64.58% vs. 35.42%, p = 0.017) were higher in the CAE group compared to the control group. The multivariate regression analysis showed that the ECE-1b rs213045 CC genotype (p = 0.001), rs2038089 T allele (p = 0.017), and hypercholesterolemia (HC) (p = 0.001) are risk factors for CAE. Moreover, in nondiabetic individuals of the CAE and control groups, it was observed that the rs213045 CC genotype (p < 0.001), and rs2038089 T allele (p = 0.003) were a risk factor for CAE, but this relationship was not found in the diabetic subgroups of the study groups (p > 0.05). These results show that ECE-1b polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of CAE and this relationship may change according to the presence of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Ozkara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Topkapi Mahallesi, Adnan Menderes Vatan Bulvari, No:113, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Irmak Aslan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Nisantasi University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Malikova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Selim Ser
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Kilicarslan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Nur Dalgic
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Cantor J. Maximizing the Therapeutic Effect of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Paradigm for Treating the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4184. [PMID: 38673771 PMCID: PMC11050024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a lipopolysaccharide model of acute lung injury, we previously showed that endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent mediator of vasoconstriction, may act as a "gatekeeper" for the influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. These studies provided a rationale for testing the effect of HJP272, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), in hamster models of pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation of either bleomycin (BLM) or amiodarone (AM). To determine the temporal effects of blocking ET-1 activity, animals were given HJP272 either 1 h before initiation of lung injury or 24 h afterward. The results indicated that pretreatment with this agent caused significant reductions in various inflammatory parameters, whereas post-treatment was ineffective. This finding suggests that ERAs are only effective at a very early stage of pulmonary fibrosis and explains their lack of success in clinical trials involving patients with this disease. Nevertheless, ERAs could serve as prophylactic agents when combined with drugs that may induce pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, developing a biomarker for the initial changes in the lung extracellular matrix could increase the efficacy of ERAs and other therapeutic agents in preventing the progression of the disease. While no such biomarker currently exists, we propose the ratio of free to peptide-bound desmosine, a unique crosslink of elastin, as a potential candidate for detecting the earliest modifications in lung microarchitecture associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Cantor
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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15
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Kam A, Loo S, Qiu Y, Liu CF, Tam JP. Ultrafast Biomimetic Oxidative Folding of Cysteine-rich Peptides and Microproteins in Organic Solvents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317789. [PMID: 38342764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Disulfides in peptides and proteins are essential for maintaining a properly folded structure. Their oxidative folding is invariably performed in an aqueous-buffered solution. However, this process is often slow and can lead to misfolded products. Here, we report a novel concept and strategy that is bio-inspired to mimic protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) by accelerating disulfide exchange rates many thousand-fold. The proposed strategy termed organic oxidative folding is performed under organic solvents to yield correctly folded cysteine-rich microproteins instantaneously without observable misfolded or dead-end products. Compared to conventional aqueous oxidative folding strategies, enormously large rate accelerations up to 113,200-fold were observed. The feasibility and generality of the organic oxidative folding strategy was successfully demonstrated on 15 cysteine-rich microproteins of different hydrophobicity, lengths (14 to 58 residues), and numbers of disulfides (2 to 5 disulfides), producing the native products in a second and in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Kam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Wuzhong No.111, Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shining Loo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Wisedom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Wuzhong No. 111, Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Qiu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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16
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Schiffrin EL, Pollock DM. Endothelin System in Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2024; 81:691-701. [PMID: 38059359 PMCID: PMC10954415 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ET (endothelin) is a powerful vasoconstrictor 21-amino acid peptide present in many tissues, which exerts many physiological functions across the body and participates as a mediator in many pathological conditions. ETs exert their effects through ETA and ETB receptors, which can be blocked by selective receptor antagonists. ETs were shown to play important roles among others, in systemic hypertension, particularly when resistant or difficult to control, and in pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic kidney disease, diabetic cardiovascular disease, scleroderma, some cancers, etc. To date, ET antagonists are only approved for the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension and recently for IgA nephropathy and used in the treatment of digital ulcers in scleroderma. However, they may soon be approved for the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension and different types of nephropathy. Here, the role of ETs is reviewed with a special emphasis on participation in and treatment of hypertension and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto L. Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, and Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University
| | - David M. Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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17
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Xing Y, Hou Y, Fan T, Gao R, Feng X, Li B, Pang J, Guo W, Shu T, Li J, Yang J, Mao Q, Luo Y, Qi X, Yang P, Liang C, Zhao H, Chen W, Wang J, Wang C. Endothelial phosphodiesterase 4B inactivation ameliorates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary hypertension. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1726-1741. [PMID: 38572107 PMCID: PMC10985131 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disorder characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and obstruction. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family hydrolyzes cyclic AMP (cAMP) and is comprised of four subtypes (PDE4A-D). Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of pan-PDE4 inhibitors in rodent PH; however, this class of drugs is associated with side effects owing to the broad inhibition of all four PDE4 isozymes. Here, we demonstrate that PDE4B is the predominant PDE isozyme in lungs and that it was upregulated in rodent and human PH lung tissues. We also confirmed that PDE4B is mainly expressed in the lung endothelial cells (ECs). Evaluation of PH in Pde4b wild type and knockout mice confirmed that Pde4b is important for the vascular remodeling associated with PH. In vivo EC lineage tracing demonstrated that Pde4b induces PH development by driving endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and mechanistic studies showed that Pde4b regulates EndMT by antagonizing the cAMP-dependent PKA-CREB-BMPRII axis. Finally, treating PH rats with a PDE4B-specific inhibitor validated that PDE4B inhibition has a significant pharmacological effect in the alleviation of PH. Collectively, our findings indicate a critical role for PDE4B in EndMT and PH, prompting further studies of PDE4B-specific inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300051, China
| | - Yangfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tianfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaohang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Junling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wenjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300051, China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qilong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xianmei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peiran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Chaoyang Liang
- Department of Lung Transplantation, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Lung Transplantation, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300051, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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18
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Shan Y, Hou B, Wang J, Chen A, Liu S. Exploring the role of exosomal MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385950. [PMID: 38566996 PMCID: PMC10985148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal mortality globally, is poorly understood despite substantial research. This review explores the involvement of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in PE, focusing on their impact on the protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway as well as endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Specifically, this article amalgamates existing evidence to reveal the pivotal role of exomiRs in regulating mesenchymal stem cell and trophoblast function, placental angiogenesis, the renin-angiotensin system, and nitric oxide production, which may contribute to PE etiology. This review emphasizes the limited knowledge regarding the role of exomiRs in PE while underscoring the potential of exomiRs as non-invasive biomarkers for PE diagnosis, prediction, and treatment. Further, it provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of PE, highlighting exomiRs as key players with clinical implications, warranting further exploration to enhance the current understanding and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Tan Y, Chen L, Ding G. Naturally Occurring Asterric Acid Analogs: Chemistry and Biology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4518-4537. [PMID: 38386916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Asterric acid and its analogs belong to diphenyl ethers (DPEs) with multiple substitutions on A/B aromatic rings. This member of DPEs originates from the polyketide pathway and displays a wide range of biological effects. Though the structures of asterric acid analogs are not complex, there were only more than 50 asterric acid analogs found in nature from 1960 to 2023. In this review, the structures, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of asterric acid analogs are summarized. More importantly, the empirical rule about the shielding effect of B-ring on H-6 is suggested, and this provides a convenient and useful way to analyze the NMR spectral data of asterric acid analogs, based on which the chemical shift values of the A-ring in some asterric acid analogs are revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Basis and New Drug Development of Natural and Nuclear Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Basis and New Drug Development of Natural and Nuclear Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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20
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Dong C, Liu Z, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xu X, Guan Q, Xia Y. Contribution of serum elements to blood pressure during pregnancy by impacting gut microbiota: A prospective cohort study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133383. [PMID: 38160557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental elements can alter gut microbiota, further affecting host health. Exploring the interrelationships among element exposure, gut microbiota and blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy, as well as the mediating roles of gut microbiota, is warranted, which holds implications for maternal and offspring health. In a prospective cohort study between 2017-2018, 733 pregnant women were included. The serum elements and gut microbiota during the second trimester were assessed, and BP was collected during the second and third trimester and before delivery. Fourteen associations were identified between serum elements and BP, including positive associations of zinc (Zn) and thallium (Tl) with systolic BP during the second trimester. Rubidium (Rb) showed a positive association with Pielou's evenness. Serum elements, such as Tl and Rb, were significantly associated with the relative abundance of bacteria and co-abundance groups (CAGs). Alpha diversity was negatively associated with BP levels and trajectories. Moreover, 15 associations between gut microbiota and BP were shown. Finally, mediation analysis confirmed that CAG2 and Pielou's evenness mediated the associations of Tl and Rb with BP, respectively. We concluded that serum elements can contribute to BP changes during pregnancy through gut microbiota, suggesting gut microbiota-targeted approach as a potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yuepei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China.
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21
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Mavridis T, Mavridi A, Karampela E, Galanos A, Gkiokas G, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T. Sovateltide (ILR-1620) Improves Motor Function and Reduces Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-01950-2. [PMID: 38443708 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a major global health challenge, with rising incidence rates and substantial disability. Although progress has been made in understanding SCI's pathophysiology and early management, there is still a lack of effective treatments to mitigate long-term consequences. This study investigates the potential of sovateltide, a selective endothelin B receptor agonist, in improving clinical outcomes in an acute SCI rat model. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery (group A) or SCI and treated with vehicle (group B) or sovateltide (group C). Clinical tests, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring, inclined plane, and allodynia testing with von Frey hair, were performed at various time points. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects. RESULTS Sovateltide administration significantly improved motor function, reducing neurological deficits and enhancing locomotor recovery compared with vehicle-treated rats, starting from day 7 post injury. Additionally, the allodynic threshold improved, suggesting antinociceptive properties. Notably, the sovateltide group demonstrated sustained recovery, and even reached preinjury performance levels, whereas the vehicle group plateaued. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sovateltide may offer neuroprotective effects, enhancing neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may possess anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Future clinical trials are needed to validate these findings, but sovateltide shows promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes in SCI. Sovateltide, an endothelin B receptor agonist, exhibits neuroprotective properties, enhancing motor recovery and ameliorating hyperalgesia in a rat SCI model. These findings could pave the way for innovative pharmacological interventions for SCI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Mavridis
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital (AMNCH), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Artemis Mavridi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Gkiokas
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Department of Neonatology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Xanthos
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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22
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Li J, Zhu J, Gray O, Sobreira DR, Wu D, Huang RT, Miao B, Sakabe NJ, Krause MD, Kaikkonen MU, Romanoski CE, Nobrega MA, Fang Y. Mechanosensitive super-enhancers regulate genes linked to atherosclerosis in endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202211125. [PMID: 38231044 PMCID: PMC10794123 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular homeostasis and pathophysiology are tightly regulated by mechanical forces generated by hemodynamics. Vascular disorders such as atherosclerotic diseases largely occur at curvatures and bifurcations where disturbed blood flow activates endothelial cells while unidirectional flow at the straight part of vessels promotes endothelial health. Integrated analysis of the endothelial transcriptome, the 3D epigenome, and human genetics systematically identified the SNP-enriched cistrome in vascular endothelium subjected to well-defined atherosclerosis-prone disturbed flow or atherosclerosis-protective unidirectional flow. Our results characterized the endothelial typical- and super-enhancers and underscored the critical regulatory role of flow-sensitive endothelial super-enhancers. CRISPR interference and activation validated the function of a previously unrecognized unidirectional flow-induced super-enhancer that upregulates antioxidant genes NQO1, CYB5B, and WWP2, and a disturbed flow-induced super-enhancer in endothelium which drives prothrombotic genes EDN1 and HIVEP in vascular endothelium. Our results employing multiomics identify the cis-regulatory architecture of the flow-sensitive endothelial epigenome related to atherosclerosis and highlight the regulatory role of super-enhancers in mechanotransduction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia Gray
- Department of Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Débora R. Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Wu
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ru-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernadette Miao
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Noboru J. Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew D. Krause
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Casey E. Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Nobrega
- Department of Human Genetics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Tan W, Zhang J, Dai F, Yang D, Gu R, Tang L, Liu H, Cheng YX. Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:467-486. [PMID: 37097332 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a well-known function in inflammation and regulates a wide variety of biological processes. Low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of NF-κB in the progression of PCOS particularly, such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial dysfunction. From a clinical perspective, progressive recognition of NF-κB pathway provides opportunities for therapeutic interventions aimed at inhibiting pathway-specific mechanisms. With the accumulation of basic experimental and clinical data, NF-κB signaling pathway was recognized as a therapeutic target. Although there have been no specific small molecule NF-κB inhibitors in PCOS, a plethora of natural and synthetic compound have emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the pathway. The traditional herbs developed for NF-κB pathway have become increasingly popular in recent years. Abundant evidence elucidated that NF-κB inhibitors can significantly improve the symptoms of PCOS. Herein, we summarized evidence relating to how NF-κB pathway is involved in the development and progression of PCOS. Furthermore, we present an in-depth overview of NF-κB inhibitors for therapy interventions of PCOS. Taken together, the NF-κB signaling may be a futuristic treatment strategy for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujia Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Li J, Jiang W, Cai Y, Ning Z, Zhou Y, Wang C, Chung SK, Huang Y, Sun J, Deng M, Zhou L, Cheng X. Astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression impairs learning and memory ability in ischemic stroke via altered hippocampal neurogenesis and lipid metabolism. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:650-656. [PMID: 37721297 PMCID: PMC10581554 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally. Endothelin-1, which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes, is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. However, the way in which changes in astrocytic endothelin-1 lead to poststroke cognitive deficits following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood. Here, using mice in which astrocytic endothelin-1 was overexpressed, we found that the selective overexpression of endothelin-1 by astrocytic cells led to ischemic stroke-related dementia (1 hour of ischemia; 7 days, 28 days, or 3 months of reperfusion). We also revealed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributed to the role of neural stem cell proliferation but impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Comprehensive proteome profiles and western blot analysis confirmed that levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and peroxiredoxin 6, which were differentially expressed in the brain, were significantly increased in mice with astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression in comparison with wild-type mice 28 days after ischemic stroke. Moreover, the levels of the enriched differentially expressed proteins were closely related to lipid metabolism, as indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolite profiling of brain tissues showed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression altered lipid metabolism products such as glycerol phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression can impair hippocampal neurogenesis and that it is correlated with lipid metabolism in poststroke cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuefang Cai
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenqiu Ning
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sookja Ki Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao Special Administration Region, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Azzam O, Nejad SH, Carnagarin R, Nolde JM, Galindo-Kiuchi M, Schlaich MP. Taming resistant hypertension: The promise of novel pharmacologic approaches and renal denervation. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:319-339. [PMID: 37715452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is associated with an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk and there remains an unmet therapeutic need driven by pathophysiologic pathways unaddressed by guideline-recommended therapy. While spironolactone is widely considered as the preferable fourth-line drug, its broad application is limited by its side effect profile, especially off-target steroid receptor-mediated effects and hyperkalaemia in at-risk subpopulations. Recent landmark trials have reported promising safety and efficacy results for a number of novel compounds targeting relevant pathophysiologic pathways that remain unopposed by contemporary drugs. These include the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, aprocitentan, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor, baxdrostat and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. Furthermore, the evidence base for consideration of catheter-based renal denervation as a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic approach across the clinical spectrum of hypertension has been further substantiated. This review will summarise the recently published evidence on novel antihypertensive drugs and renal denervation in the context of resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sayeh Heidari Nejad
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marcio Galindo-Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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26
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Wang K, Lei L, Li G, Lan Y, Wang W, Zhu J, Liu Q, Ren L, Wu S. Association between Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Soluble Biomarkers of Endothelial Function: A Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2024; 12:76. [PMID: 38251031 PMCID: PMC10819696 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of cardiovascular diseases caused by ambient particulate air pollution is universal. An increasing number of studies have investigated the potential effects of exposure to particulate air pollution on endothelial function, which is one of the important mechanisms for the onset and development of cardiovascular disease. However, no previous study has conducted a summary analysis of the potential effects of particulate air pollution on endothelial function. OBJECTIVES To summarize the evidence for the potential effects of short-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on endothelial function based on existing studies. METHODS A systematic literature search on the relationship between ambient particulate air pollution and biomarkers of endothelial function including endothelin-1 (ET-1), E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to 20 May 2023. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis. A 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 was associated with a 1.55% (95% CI: 0.89%, 2.22%) increase in ICAM-1 and a 1.97% (95% CI: 0.86%, 3.08%) increase in VCAM-1. The associations of ET-1 (0.22%, 95% CI: -4.94%, 5.65%) and E-selectin (3.21%, 95% CI: -0.90% 7.49%) with short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution may significantly increase the levels of typical markers of endothelial function, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, suggesting potential endothelial dysfunction following ambient air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Lihua Ren
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (K.W.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
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27
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Sirbu C. The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Cardioprotection. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:381-395. [PMID: 38874733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The opioid system involves opioid receptors (OPRs) and endogenous opioid peptides.This chapter will focus on the distribution of OPRs in the cardiovascular system, the expression pattern in the heart, the activation by opioid peptides, and the effects of OPRs activation with potential relevance in cardiovascular performance. In the heart, OPRs are co-expressed with beta adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, functionally cross-talk with β-Ars and modify catecholamine-induced effects. They are involved in cardiac contractility, energy metabolism, myocyte survival or death, vascular resistance. The effects of the opioid system in the regulation of systemic circulation at both the central and peripheral level are presented. The pathways are discussed under physiological (i.e., aging) and pathological conditions (atherosclerosis, heart failure, essential hypertension, ischemic stress). Stimulation of OPRs not only inhibits cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, but also protects the heart against hypoxic and ischemic injury. An enhanced sensitivity to opioids of endocrine organs and neuronal systems is operative in hypertensive patients. The opioid system can be pharmacologically engaged to selectively mimic these responses via cardiac and nervous signaling. The clinical opportunities for the use of cardioprotective effects of opioids require future investigations to provide more specific details of the impact on cardiac performance and electrophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sirbu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Nancy-Brabois, Nancy, France
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28
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Calderón-García AÁ, Valencia-Nieto L, Valencia-Sandonis C, López-de la Rosa A, Blanco-Vazquez M, Fernández I, García-Vázquez C, Arroyo-Del Arroyo C, González-García MJ, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Gene expression changes in conjunctival cells associated with contact lens wear and discomfort. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:31-42. [PMID: 38128761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of pain-related genes in conjunctival epithelial cells among symptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers (SCLWs), asymptomatic CL wearers (ACLWs), and non-CL wearers (non-CLWs). METHODS For this study, 60 participants (20 non-CLWs, 40 CLWs) were enrolled. The CLW group comprised 20 ACLWs and 20 SCLWs according to the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire short form©. Conjunctival cells were collected using impression cytology, and RNA was isolated and used to determine the expression levels of 85 human genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain. The effects of CL wear and discomfort were evaluated using mixed-effects ANOVA with partially nested fixed-effects model. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to assign biological meaning to sets of differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Six genes (CD200, EDN1, GRIN1, PTGS1, P2RX7, and TNF) were significantly upregulated in CLWs compared to non-CLWs. Eleven genes (ADORA1, BDKRB1, CACNA1B, DBH, GRIN1, GRM1, HTR1A, PDYN, PTGS1, P2RX3, and TNF) were downregulated in SCLWs compared to ACLWs. These genes were mainly related to pain, synaptic transmission and signaling, ion transport, calcium transport and concentration, and cell-cell signaling. CONCLUSIONS CL wear modified the expression of pain- and inflammation-related genes in conjunctival epithelial cells. These changes may be in part, along with other mechanisms, responsible for CL discomfort in SCLWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ángel Calderón-García
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Valencia-Nieto
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Valencia-Sandonis
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto López-de la Rosa
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Blanco-Vazquez
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Itziar Fernández
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Vázquez
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Arroyo-Del Arroyo
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María J González-García
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
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Takahashi N, Sato K, Kiyota N, Tsuda S, Murayama N, Nakazawa T. A ginger extract improves ocular blood flow in rats with endothelin-induced retinal blood flow dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22715. [PMID: 38123793 PMCID: PMC10733345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a ginger extract on optic nerve head blood flow (ONH BF) under endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulation. Using laser speckle flowgraphy, we measured ONH BF in brown Norway rats. To establish the ONH BF impairment profile under ET-1 stimulation, we administered an intravitreal injection of ET-1 under anesthesia. We then gave the ginger extract sublingually to assess its effect on ONH BF in both normal and ET-1-induced ischemic conditions. Post ET-1 injection, there were no significant changes in parameters including intraocular pressure or systemic factors. ONH BF showed a dose-dependent decline after ET-1 injection, with a significant reduction after a 2.50 pmol ET-1 dose. Sublingual administration of the ginger extract significantly improved ONH BF in both normal and ET-1-stimulated rats. This suggests that our newly developed supplement for improving ONH BF has a potential role in retinal ischemic diseases, including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kiyota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Namie Murayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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30
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Kanai SM, Clouthier DE. Endothelin signaling in development. Development 2023; 150:dev201786. [PMID: 38078652 PMCID: PMC10753589 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of endothelin 1 (EDN1) in 1988, the role of endothelin ligands and their receptors in the regulation of blood pressure in normal and disease states has been extensively studied. However, endothelin signaling also plays crucial roles in the development of neural crest cell-derived tissues. Mechanisms of endothelin action during neural crest cell maturation have been deciphered using a variety of in vivo and in vitro approaches, with these studies elucidating the basis of human syndromes involving developmental differences resulting from altered endothelin signaling. In this Review, we describe the endothelin pathway and its functions during the development of neural crest-derived tissues. We also summarize how dysregulated endothelin signaling causes developmental differences and how this knowledge may lead to potential treatments for individuals with gene variants in the endothelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M. Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David E. Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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31
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Mercier AK, Sunnåker M, Ueckert S, Pawlik T, Henricson E, Molodetskyi O, Law GC, Parker VER, Oscarsson J. Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Zibotentan in Patients with Concurrent Moderate Renal and Moderate Hepatic Impairment. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:1713-1724. [PMID: 37801266 PMCID: PMC10684621 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Zibotentan, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, is in development for chronic liver and kidney disease. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of zibotentan were previously investigated in patients with either renal impairment or hepatic impairment, but the impact of both pathologies on PK was not evaluated. This study evaluated the PK and tolerability of a single oral dose of zibotentan in participants with concurrent moderate renal impairment and moderate hepatic impairment versus control participants. METHODS Twelve participants with moderate renal and hepatic impairment and 11 healthy matched control participants with no clinically significant liver or kidney disease were enrolled in an open-label, parallel-group study design. After administration of a single oral dose of zibotentan 5 mg, blood and urine sampling was performed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each of the two cohorts and compared. Comparisons between the cohorts were based on the geometric least squares mean ratio for the primary endpoints, which were area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) and from time zero to the time of the last measurable concentration (AUClast), and maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) on Day 1 through 120 h post-dose. Secondary endpoints included apparent total body clearance (CL/F) on Day 1 through 120 h post-dose. Safety endpoints were assessed up to discharge. RESULTS In total, 11 participants with concurrent moderate renal and hepatic impairment, and 11 controls, completed the study. Zibotentan was generally well tolerated, and no new clinically significant safety findings were observed. Total exposure (AUC∞ and AUClast) was approximately 2.10-fold higher in participants with concurrent moderate renal and hepatic impairment versus controls, while Cmax and total nonrenal body clearance were similar among all groups. A regression-based post hoc analysis, comparing exposure and CL/F in patients with concurrent impairment to patients with either renal or hepatic impairment alone, showed that CL/F with concurrent impairment was approximately half of that in controls and was positively correlated with reduction of renal function. Inclusion of the data on concurrent moderate renal and hepatic impairment in the regression analysis led to a narrower confidence interval for the predicted mean CL/F in participants with moderate hepatic impairment. CONCLUSION The presented findings advance the understanding of the PK of zibotentan in both renal impairment and hepatic impairment, with and without overlapping pathologies, and will thus increase the confidence of dose selection in future studies, particularly in vulnerable patient populations with concurrent renal and hepatic impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05112419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristina Mercier
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Sunnåker
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ueckert
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Pawlik
- Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Henricson
- Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gordon C Law
- Early Biometrics and Statistical Innovation, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Victoria E R Parker
- Early-Stage Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Biopharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chan KW, Smeijer JD, Schechter M, Jongs N, Vart P, Kohan DE, Gansevoort RT, Liew A, Tang SCW, Wanner C, de Zeeuw D, Heerspink HJL. Post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial indicates that the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan is associated with less pain in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 104:1219-1226. [PMID: 37657768 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Pain is prevalent among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The management of chronic pain in these patients is limited by nephrotoxicity of commonly used drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids. Since previous studies implicated endothelin-1 in pain nociception, our post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial assessed the association between the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan and pain and prescription of analgesics. SONAR was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that recruited participants with type 2 diabetes and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate 25-75 ml/min/1.73 m2; urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 300-5000 mg/g). Participants were randomized to receive atrasentan or placebo (1834 each arm). The main outcome was pain-related adverse events (AEs) reported by investigators. We applied Cox regression to assess the effect of atrasentan compared to placebo on the risk of the first reported pain-related AE and, secondly, first prescription of analgesics. We used the Anderson-Gill method to assess effects on all (first and subsequent) pain-related AEs. During 2.2-year median follow-up, 1183 pain-related AEs occurred. Rates for the first pain-related event were 138.2 and 170.2 per 1000 person-years in the atrasentan and placebo group respectively (hazard ratio 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.72-0.93]). Atrasentan also reduced the rate of all (first and subsequent) pain-related AEs (rate ratio 0.80 [0.70-0.91]). These findings were similar after accounting for competing risk of death (sub-hazard ratio 0.81 [0.71-0.92]). Patients treated with atrasentan initiated fewer analgesics including NSAIDs and opioids compared to placebo during follow-up (hazard ratio = 0.72 [0.60-0.88]). Thus, atrasentan was associated with reduced pain-related events and pain-related use of analgesics in carefully selected patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Wa Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
| | - J David Smeijer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meir Schechter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Niels Jongs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Würzburg University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Renal Research Unit, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dick de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Dhaun N, Chapman GB. Endothelin antagonism: stepping into the spotlight. Lancet 2023; 402:1945-1947. [PMID: 37931628 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Dhaun
- Edinburgh Kidney, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Gavin Brian Chapman
- Edinburgh Kidney, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Vivier D, Hautière M, Pineau D, Dancer PA, Herbet A, Hugnot JP, Bernhard C, Goncalves V, Truillet C, Boquet D, Denat F. Synthesis and Preclinical Fluorescence Imaging of Dually Functionalized Antibody Conjugates Targeting Endothelin Receptor-Positive Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2144-2153. [PMID: 37931154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the emerging role of the endothelin (ET) axis in cancer has been extensively investigated, and its involvement in several mechanisms described as "hallmarks of cancer" has clearly highlighted its potential as a therapeutic target. Despite the growing interest in finding effective anticancer drugs, no breakthrough treatment has successfully made its way to the market. Recently, our team reported the development of a new immuno-positron emission tomography probe targeting the ET A receptor (ETA, one of the ET receptors) that allows the successful detection of ETA+ glioblastoma, paving the way for the elaboration of novel antibody-based strategies. In this study, we describe the synthesis of two PET/NIRF (positron emission tomography/near-infrared fluorescence) dually functionalized imaging agents, directed against ETA or ETB, that could be used to detect ET+ tumors and select patients that will be eligible for fluorescence-guided surgery. Both imaging modalities were brought together using a highly versatile tetrazine platform bearing the IRDye800CW fluorophore and desferrioxamine for 89Zr chelation. This so-called monomolecular multimodal imaging probe was then "clicked", via an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction, to antibodies conjugated site-specifically with a trans-cyclooctene group. This approach has led to homogeneous and well-defined constructs that retained their high affinity and high specificity for their respective target, as shown by flow cytometry and NIRF in vivo imaging experiments in nude mice bearing CHO-ETA and CHO-ETB tumors. Ultimately, these bimodal immunoconjugates could be used to improve the outcomes of patients with ET+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vivier
- Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie Hautière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Donovan Pineau
- Université de Montpellier, IGF, INSERM U 1191-CNRS UMR 5203, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Amaury Herbet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- Université de Montpellier, IGF, INSERM U 1191-CNRS UMR 5203, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Bernhard
- Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Didier Boquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DMTS, SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 21000 Dijon, France
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Janakiraman A, Cohen DL. New Potential Treatments for Resistant Hypertension. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1443-1449. [PMID: 37755638 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update and review approaches to the treatment of resistant hypertension (RH) with a focus on emerging potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Resistant hypertension is defined as a blood pressure that remains elevated above a patient's individualized target despite the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes including a diuretic or use of 4 or more antihypertensive agents. Patients with RH have an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Most RH is attributed to apparent RH and is not true RH. True RH is a diagnosis of exclusion after apparent RH has been excluded. Treatment of RH is challenging, and blood pressure goal is often difficult to achieve. Currently several new therapies have emerged with forthcoming data that provide promise for improved blood pressure control in those with resistant hypertension. Once RH has been diagnosed, patients should be on standardized therapy that includes agents from three different classes including a diuretic with addition in most cases of a mineralocorticoid as a fourth line agent. There are newer agents in development currently being studied in clinical trials including dual endothelin receptor antagonists and aldosterone synthase inhibitors that appear to be efficacious. Other approved medications including SGLT2 inhibitors and non-steroidal mineralocorticoids such as finerenone also need to be incorporated into treatment paradigms. Renal denervation with catheter based devices is another potential promising treatment option in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Janakiraman
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, USA
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Founders Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, USA.
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Xu J, Jiang X, Xu S. Aprocitentan, a dual endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonist for treating resistant hypertension: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103788. [PMID: 37742911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and is a significant public health concern. However, ∼15% of patients with hypertension continue to experience elevated blood pressure, even after taking antihypertensive medications [such as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and thiazide diuretics], a condition referred to as resistant hypertension (RH). Within the complex realm of blood pressure regulation and vascular function, endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, plays a pivotal role. Recent research, particularly a Phase III clinical trial (NCT03541174), has shed light on the potential of aprocitentan, a dual ET-1 receptor antagonist, in significantly lowering blood pressure in individuals with RH. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of aprocitentan as an innovative approach for treating RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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Song J, Yuan L, Hua W, Guojuan C, Shaoyu C. Comparison of ET-1 and eNOS expressions in yak testes at different developmental stages. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1542-1550. [PMID: 37724684 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Yak has strong adaptability to plateau hypoxia environment. However, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are important regulators in blood oxygen transportation. Yak testes: newborn (3 days), young (1 years), adult (4 years) and old (9 years) were collected for microscopic analyses using haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, as well as Western blot to compare the expression of ET-1 and eNOS. Furthermore, the levels of ET-1 mRNA and eNOS mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results showed that ET-1 mRNA and eNOS mRNA in old yaks were higher than other developmental stages (p < .01). And the levels of ET-1 and eNOS protein increased with age. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that ET-1 and eNOS were mainly localized in gonocytes and spermatogenic membrane of newborn yaks. These two factors were expressed in both Leydig cells of young yaks and endothelial cells of adult yaks. In old yaks, ET-1 was mainly expressed in Sertoli cells, while eNOS was obviously positive in capillaries and Leydig cells. Therefore, the positive results of ET-1 and eNOS in gonocyte and spermatogenic basement were closely related to the development of testes. The expression of Leydig and Sertoli cells indicated that they played an important role in testes function. The expression in endothelial cells or interstitial capillaries, suggesting that they are involved in the regulation of microcirculation in yak testes. This study could provide clues for further revealing the regulation of yak testicular blood vessels in alpine cold and hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wang Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Guojuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Shaoyu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Regulation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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Alarcon-Martinez L, Shiga Y, Villafranca-Baughman D, Cueva Vargas JL, Vidal Paredes IA, Quintero H, Fortune B, Danesh-Meyer H, Di Polo A. Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101217. [PMID: 37778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The timely regulation of blood flow is, therefore, essential to supply firing neurons in active areas with the oxygen and glucose they need for energy. Many glaucoma patients suffer from vascular deficits including reduced blood flow, impaired autoregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and blood-retina/brain-barrier breakdown. These processes are tightly regulated by a community of cells known as the neurovascular unit comprising neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In this review, the neurovascular unit takes center stage as we examine the ability of its members to regulate neurovascular interactions and how their function might be altered during glaucomatous stress. Pericytes receive special attention based on recent data demonstrating their key role in the regulation of neurovascular coupling in physiological and pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery and characterization of tunneling nanotubes, thin actin-based conduits that connect distal pericytes, which play essential roles in the complex spatial and temporal distribution of blood within the retinal capillary network. We discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurovascular interactions and their pathophysiological implications, while highlighting opportunities to develop strategies for vascular protection and regeneration to improve functional outcomes in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac A Vidal Paredes
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Healthy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Yegambaram M, Kumar S, Wu X, Lu Q, Sun X, Garcia Flores A, Meadows ML, Barman S, Fulton D, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Endothelin-1 acutely increases nitric oxide production via the calcineurin mediated dephosphorylation of Caveolin-1. Nitric Oxide 2023; 140-141:50-57. [PMID: 37659679 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is an endothelial-derived peptide that exerts biphasic effects on nitric oxide (NO) levels in endothelial cells such that acute exposure stimulates-while sustained exposure attenuates-NO production. Although the mechanism involved in the decrease in NO generation has been identified but the signaling involved in the acute increase in NO is still unresolved. This was the focus of this study. Our data indicate that exposing pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) to ET-1 led to an increase in NO for up to 30min after which levels declined. These effects were attenuated by ET receptor antagonists. The increase in NO correlated with significant increases in pp60Src activity and increases in eNOS phosphorylation at Tyr83 and Ser1177. The ET-1 mediated increase in phosphorylation and NO generation were attenuated by the over-expression of a pp60Src dominant negative mutant. The increase in pp60Src activity correlated with a reduction in the interaction of Caveolin-1 with pp60Src and the calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of caveolin-1 at three previously unidentified sites: Thr91, Thr93, and Thr95. The calcineurin inhibitor, Tacrolimus, attenuated the acute increase in pp60Src activity induced by ET-1 and a calcineurin siRNA attenuated the ET-1 mediated increase in eNOS phosphorylation at Tyr83 and Ser1177 as well as the increase in NO. By using a Caveolin-1 celluSpot peptide array, we identified a peptide targeting a sequence located between aa 41-56 as the pp60Src binding region. This peptide fused to the TAT sequence was found to decrease caveolin-pp60Src interaction, increased pp60Src activity, increased eNOS pSer1177 and NO levels in PAEC and induce vasodilation in isolated aortic rings in wildtype but not eNOS knockout mice. Together, our data identify a novel mechanism by which ET-1 acutely increases NO via a calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of caveolin-1 and the subsequent stimulation of pp60Src activity, leading to increases in phosphorylation of eNOS at Tyr83 and Ser1177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 33174, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Flores
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Scott Barman
- Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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Allbritton-King JD, García-Cardeña G. Endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac disease: driver or consequence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1278166. [PMID: 37965580 PMCID: PMC10642230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a multifunctional cellular system which directly influences blood components and cells within the vessel wall in a given tissue. Importantly, this cellular interface undergoes critical phenotypic changes in response to various biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli, driving several developmental and pathophysiological processes. Multiple studies have indicated a central role of the endothelium in the initiation, progression, and clinical outcomes of cardiac disease. In this review we synthesize the current understanding of endothelial function and dysfunction as mediators of the cardiomyocyte phenotype in the setting of distinct cardiac pathologies; outline existing in vivo and in vitro models where key features of endothelial cell dysfunction can be recapitulated; and discuss future directions for development of endothelium-targeted therapeutics for cardiac diseases with limited existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules D. Allbritton-King
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Alqarni AA, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SA, Alqahtani JS, Siraj RA, Alwafi H, AlGarni AA, Majrshi MS, Alshehri SM, Pang L. Role of prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in pulmonary hypertension due to COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275684. [PMID: 37881627 PMCID: PMC10597708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood. Three main pathways (prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin) are currently used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with different groups of PH. However, drugs targeting these three pathways are not approved for patients with COPD-associated PH due to lack of evidence. Thus, this review aims to shed light on the role of impaired prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in cigarette smoke- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and also discusses the potential of using these pathways as therapeutic target for patients with PH secondary to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Department, Al Murjan Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A. Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. AlGarni
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, The Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S. Majrshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linhua Pang
- Respiratory Medicine Research Group, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Bonetta-Misteli F, Collins T, Pavek T, Carlgren M, Bashe D, Frolova A, Shmuylovich L, O’Brien CM. Development and evaluation of a wearable peripheral vascular compensation sensor in a swine model of hemorrhage. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5338-5357. [PMID: 37854551 PMCID: PMC10581812 DOI: 10.1364/boe.494720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading and most preventable cause of maternal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. PPH is currently diagnosed through visual estimation of blood loss or monitoring of vital signs. Visual assessment routinely underestimates blood loss beyond the point of pharmaceutical intervention. Quantitative monitoring of hemorrhage-induced compensatory processes, such as the constriction of peripheral vessels, may provide an early alert for PPH. To this end, we developed a low-cost, wearable optical device that continuously monitors peripheral perfusion via laser speckle flow index (LSFI) to detect hemorrhage-induced peripheral vasoconstriction. The measured LSFI signal produced a linear response in phantom models and a strong correlation coefficient with blood loss averaged across subjects (>0.9) in a large animal model, with superior performance to vital sign metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toi Collins
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Todd Pavek
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Madison Carlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Derek Bashe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Antonina Frolova
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Leonid Shmuylovich
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
| | - Christine M. O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, USA
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43
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Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Endothelin-1: Is it Time to "Biomark" the Cardiac-Tumor-Treatment Nexus in Breast Cancer? JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:701-703. [PMID: 37969651 PMCID: PMC10635882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Veenit V, Heerspink HJL, Ahlström C, Greasley PJ, Skritic S, van Zuydam N, Kohan DE, Hansen PBL, Menzies RI. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin ameliorates the fluid-retaining effect of the endothelin A receptor antagonist zibotentan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2289-2297. [PMID: 37102226 PMCID: PMC10539223 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin A receptor antagonists (ETARA) slow chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression but their use is limited due to fluid retention and associated clinical risks. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) cause osmotic diuresis and improve clinical outcomes in CKD and heart failure. We hypothesized that co-administration of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin with the ETARA zibotentan would mitigate the fluid retention risk using hematocrit (Hct) and bodyweight as proxies for fluid retention. METHODS Experiments were performed in 4% salt fed WKY rats. First, we determined the effect of zibotentan (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day) on Hct and bodyweight. Second, we assessed the effect of zibotentan (30 or 100 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with dapagliflozin (3 mg/kg/day) on Hct and bodyweight. RESULTS Hct at Day 7 was lower in zibotentan versus vehicle groups [zibotentan 30 mg/kg/day, 43% (standard error 1); 100 mg/kg/day, 42% (1); and 300 mg/kg/day, 42% (1); vs vehicle, 46% (1); P < .05], while bodyweight was numerically higher in all zibotentan groups compared with vehicle. Combining zibotentan with dapagliflozin for 7 days prevented the change in Hct [zibotentan 100 mg/kg/day and dapagliflozin, 45% (1); vs vehicle 46% (1); P = .44] and prevented the zibotentan-driven increase in bodyweight (zibotentan 100 mg/kg/day + dapagliflozin 3 mg/kg/day = -3.65 g baseline corrected bodyweight change; P = .15). CONCLUSIONS Combining ETARA with SGLT2i prevents ETARA-induced fluid retention, supporting clinical studies to assess the efficacy and safety of combining zibotentan and dapagliflozin in individuals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Veenit
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Ahlström
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter J Greasley
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skritic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technologies & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie van Zuydam
- Biostatistics Sweden, Data Science and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert I Menzies
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shihoya W, Sano FK, Nureki O. Structural insights into endothelin receptor signalling. J Biochem 2023; 174:317-325. [PMID: 37491722 PMCID: PMC10533325 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelins and their receptors, type A (ETA) and type B (ETB), modulate vital cellular processes, including growth, survival, invasion and angiogenesis, through multiple G proteins. This review highlights the structural determinations of these receptors by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, and their activation mechanisms by endothelins. Explorations of the conformational changes upon receptor activation have provided insights into the unique G-protein coupling feature of the endothelin receptors. The review further delves into the binding modes of the clinical antagonist and the inverse agonists. These findings significantly contribute to understanding the mechanism of G-protein activation and have potential implications for drug development, particularly in the context of vasodilatory antagonists and agonists targeting the endothelin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumiya K Sano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Monaco CF, Davis JS. Mechanisms of angioregression of the corpus luteum. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254943. [PMID: 37841308 PMCID: PMC10568036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a transient ovarian endocrine gland that produces the progesterone necessary for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The formation and function of this gland involves angiogenesis, establishing the tissue with a robust blood flow and vast microvasculature required to support production of progesterone. Every steroidogenic cell within the corpus luteum is in direct contact with a capillary, and disruption of angiogenesis impairs luteal development and function. At the end of a reproductive cycle, the corpus luteum ceases progesterone production and undergoes rapid structural regression into a nonfunctional corpus albicans in a process initiated and exacerbated by the luteolysin prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Structural regression is accompanied by complete regression of the luteal microvasculature in which endothelial cells die and are sloughed off into capillaries and lymphatic vessels. During luteal regression, changes in nitric oxide transiently increase blood flow, followed by a reduction in blood flow and progesterone secretion. Early luteal regression is marked by an increased production of cytokines and chemokines and influx of immune cells. Microvascular endothelial cells are sensitive to released factors during luteolysis, including thrombospondin, endothelin, and cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFB1). Although PGF2α is known to be a vasoconstrictor, endothelial cells do not express receptors for PGF2α, therefore it is believed that the angioregression occurring during luteolysis is mediated by factors downstream of PGF2α signaling. Yet, the exact mechanisms responsible for angioregression in the corpus luteum remain unknown. This review describes the current knowledge on angioregression of the corpus luteum and the roles of vasoactive factors released during luteolysis on luteal vasculature and endothelial cells of the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine F. Monaco
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, United States
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47
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Wiejak J, Murphy FA, Maffia P, Yarwood SJ. Vascular smooth muscle cells enhance immune/vascular interplay in a 3-cell model of vascular inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15889. [PMID: 37741880 PMCID: PMC10517978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular disease that is characterised by the development of atheroma, which are lipid-laden plaques that build up within arterial walls due to chronic inflammatory processes. These lesions are fundamentally attributed to a complex cellular crosstalk between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and central immune cells, such as macrophages (Mɸs), which promote vascular inflammation. The presence of VSMCs exerts both positive and negative effects during atheroma development, which can be attributed to their phenotypic plasticity. Understanding the interactions between these key cell types during the development of vascular inflammation and atheroma will enhance the scope for new therapeutic interventions. This study aims to determine the importance of VSMCs for shaping the extracellular cytokine/chemokine profile and transcriptional responses of VECs (human coronary artery endothelial cells; HCAECs) to activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP1 Mɸs, in a 3-cell model of human vascular inflammation. It is evident that within the presence of VSMCs, enhanced cytokine production was associated with up-regulation of genes associated with vascular inflammation t. Results demonstrate that the presence of VSMCs in co-culture experiments enhanced cytokine production (including CXCL1/GROα, IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2/MCP1) and inflammatory gene expression (including genes involved in JAK/STAT, Jun and NFκB signalling) in HCAECs co-cultured with LPS-stimulated THP1 Mɸs. Our results highlight the importance of VSMCs in immune/endothelial cell interplay and indicate that 3-cell, rather than 2-cell co-culture, may be more appropriate for the study of cellular crosstalk between immune and vascular compartments in response to inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Wiejak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Fiona A Murphy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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Li Q, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Cai S, Cai Z. Auriculocondylar syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and surgical therapies. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:822-842. [PMID: 37208246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a genetic and rare craniofacial condition caused by abnormal development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during the embryonic stage and is characterized by peculiar auricular malformations (question mark ears), mandibular condyle hypoplasia, micrognathia and other less-frequent features. GNAI3, PLCB4 and EDN1 have been identified as pathogenic genes in this syndrome so far, all of which are implicated in the EDN1-EDNRA signal pathway. Therefore, ARCND is genetically classified as ARCND1, ARCND2 and ARCND3 based on the mutations in GNAI3, PLCB4 and EDN1, respectively. ARCND is inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive mode with significant intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variation and incomplete penetrance, rendering its diagnosis difficult and therapies individualized. To raise clinicians' awareness of the rare syndrome, we focused on the currently known pathogenesis, pathogenic genes, clinical manifestations and surgical therapies in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siyuan Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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Mu J, Hao P, Duan H, Zhao W, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li X. Non-human primate models of focal cortical ischemia for neuronal replacement therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1456-1474. [PMID: 37254891 PMCID: PMC10414004 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence, stroke remains incurable due to the limited regeneration capacity in the central nervous system. Neuronal replacement strategies are highly diverse biomedical fields that attempt to replace lost neurons by utilizing exogenous stem cell transplants, biomaterials, and direct neuronal reprogramming. Although these approaches have achieved encouraging outcomes mostly in the rodent stroke model, further preclinical validation in non-human primates (NHP) is still needed prior to clinical trials. In this paper, we briefly review the recent progress of promising neuronal replacement therapy in NHP stroke studies. Moreover, we summarize the key characteristics of the NHP as highly valuable translational tools and discuss (1) NHP species and their advantages in terms of genetics, physiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, and behavior; (2) various methods for establishing NHP focal ischemic models to study the regenerative and plastic changes associated with motor functional recovery; and (3) a comprehensive analysis of experimentally and clinically accessible outcomes and a potential adaptive mechanism. Our review specifically aims to facilitate the selection of the appropriate NHP cortical ischemic models and efficient prognostic evaluation methods in preclinical stroke research design of neuronal replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dy ABC, Girkin J, Marrocco A, Collison A, Mwase C, O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Mattes J, Koziol-White C, Gern JE, Bochkov YA, Bartlett NW, Park JA. Rhinovirus infection induces secretion of endothelin-1 from airway epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. Respir Res 2023; 24:205. [PMID: 37598152 PMCID: PMC10440034 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection of airway epithelial cells triggers asthma exacerbations, during which airway smooth muscle (ASM) excessively contracts. Due to ASM contraction, airway epithelial cells become mechanically compressed. We previously reported that compressed human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells are a source of endothelin-1 (ET-1) that causes ASM contraction. Here, we hypothesized that epithelial sensing of RV by TLR3 and epithelial compression induce ET-1 secretion through a TGF-β receptor (TGFβR)-dependent mechanism. METHODS To test this, we used primary HBE cells well-differentiated in air-liquid interface culture and two mouse models (ovalbumin and house dust mite) of allergic airway disease (AAD). HBE cells were infected with RV-A16, treated with a TLR3 agonist (poly(I:C)), or exposed to compression. Thereafter, EDN1 (ET-1 protein-encoding gene) mRNA expression and secreted ET-1 protein were measured. We examined the role of TGFβR in ET-1 secretion using either a pharmacologic inhibitor of TGFβR or recombinant TGF-β1 protein. In the AAD mouse models, allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged mice were subsequently infected with RV. We then measured ET-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following methacholine challenge. RESULTS Our data reveal that RV infection induced EDN1 expression and ET-1 secretion in HBE cells, potentially mediated by TLR3. TGFβR activation was partially required for ET-1 secretion, which was induced by RV, poly(I:C), or compression. TGFβR activation alone was sufficient to increase ET-1 secretion. In AAD mouse models, RV induced ET-1 secretion in BALF, which positively correlated with AHR. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that RV infection increased epithelial-cell ET-1 secretion through a TGFβR-dependent mechanism, which contributes to bronchoconstriction during RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Blythe C Dy
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Jason Girkin
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Adam Collison
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Chimwemwe Mwase
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Thien-Khoi N Phung
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Joerg Mattes
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | | | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA.
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