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Yang J, Wang H, Chen H, Hou H, Hu Q. The association of genetic polymorphisms within the dopaminergic system with nicotine dependence: A narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33158. [PMID: 39021905 PMCID: PMC11253068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the main compound in cigarettes, leads to smoking addiction. Nicotine acts on the limbic dopamine reward loop in the midbrain by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, promoting the release of dopamine, and resulting in a rewarding effect or satisfaction. This satisfaction is essential for continued and compulsive tobacco use, and therefore dopamine plays a crucial role in nicotine dependence. Numerous studies have identified genetic polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathways which may influence susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Dopamine levels are greatly influenced by synthesis, storage, release, degradation, and reuptake-related genes, including genes encoding tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine decarboxylase, dopamine transporter, dopamine receptor, dopamine 3-hydroxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and monoamine oxidase. In this paper, we review research progress on the effects of polymorphisms in the above genes on downstream smoking behavior and nicotine dependence, to offer a theoretical basis for the elucidation of the genetic mechanism underlying nicotine dependence and future personalized treatment for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing, 102209, China
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2
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Mo C, Ye Z, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Bi C, Liu S, Mitchell B, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Ma T, Chen S. An in-depth association analysis of genetic variants within nicotine-related loci: Meeting in middle of GWAS and genetic fine-mapping. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103895. [PMID: 37634742 PMCID: PMC11128188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades of Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), nicotine-dependence-related genetic loci (e.g., nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - nAChR subunit genes) are among the most replicable genetic findings. Although GWAS results have reported tens of thousands of SNPs within these loci, further analysis (e.g., fine-mapping) is required to identify the causal variants. However, it is computationally challenging for existing fine-mapping methods to reliably identify causal variants from thousands of candidate SNPs based on the posterior inclusion probability. To address this challenge, we propose a new method to select SNPs by jointly modeling the SNP-wise inference results and the underlying structured network patterns of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) matrix. We use adaptive dense subgraph extraction method to recognize the latent network patterns of the LD matrix and then apply group LASSO to select causal variant candidates. We applied this new method to the UK biobank data to identify the causal variant candidates for nicotine addiction. Eighty-one nicotine addiction-related SNPs (i.e.,-log(p) > 50) of nAChR were selected, which are highly correlated (average r2>0.8) although they are physically distant (e.g., >200 kilobase away) and from various genes. These findings revealed that distant SNPs from different genes can show higher LD r2 than their neighboring SNPs, and jointly contribute to a complex trait like nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yezhi Pan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Chuan Bi
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Braxton Mitchell
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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3
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Hall W, Gartner C, Morphett K. How has the brain disease model of addiction contributed to tobacco control? Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:111033. [PMID: 38006672 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Our paper evaluates the extent to which the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) has contributed to reducing the prevalence of tobacco smoking and tobacco-related harm over the past 20 years. We discuss the ways in which genetic and neuroscience research on nicotine addiction have contributed to our understanding of tobacco smoking. We then examine the extent to which the BDMA has produced more effective treatments to assist smoking cessation. We also assess the degree to which the BDMA has contributed to the tobacco control policies that have produced substantial reductions in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the two decades since the model was first proposed by Alan Leshner. We also assess whether the BDMA has reduced the stigmatisation of people who smoke tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Hall
- The National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, the University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Coral Gartner
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Borrego‐Soto G, Perez‐Paramo YX, Hernández‐Cabrera F, Alvarado‐Monroy FM, Borrego G, Robles‐Zamora A, Lazarus P, Rojas‐Martinez A. Biochemical and genetic biomarkers associated with nicotine dependence in Mexican smokers. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01142. [PMID: 37787014 PMCID: PMC10546262 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains an important health concern and is still a leading cause of preventable mortality. Nicotine is the substance responsible for sustained tobacco use and dependence. Identification of biomarkers underlying nicotine dependence behavior is important to identify people at risk for this dependence. In the present study, we identified biochemical and genetic biomarkers of nicotine dependence detected by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTDN) in Mexican smokers. The nicotine metabolites nicotine-N'-oxide, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine-glucuronide (3HC-O-Gluc), and nicotine-N-Gluc (Gluc) were useful to differentiate nicotine-dependent from non-dependent subjects (p < .0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7818. Genetic variants in CYP2A6, FMO3, and UGT2B7 (rs2431413, rs28363545, and rs7439326, respectively) were associated with nicotine dependence (p = .03, p = .01, p = .01, respectively). Variations in the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6 were associated with altered nicotine-N'-oxide and 3HC-O-Gluc levels. Decreased urinary levels of 3HC-O-Gluc and increased nicotine-N'-oxide were associated with a decrease in the functional activity of CYP2A6. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ratio of urinary 3HC/cotinine, a measure of CYP2A6 activity, and the levels of 3HC-O-Gluc (p < .0001, r = .6835), while a strong negative correlation was observed with nicotine-N'-oxide (p < .0001, r = .6522) in nicotine-dependent subjects. No correlations were observed in non-nicotine-dependent subjects. These data suggest that particular urinary nicotine metabolites and genetic variants involved in nicotine metabolism are useful to identify subjects with nicotine dependence in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Borrego‐Soto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Yadira Xitlalli Perez‐Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Francisco Hernández‐Cabrera
- Department of Bioinformatics and Complex Systems, Facultad de Ciencias Físico MatemáticasUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico
| | | | - Gilberto Borrego
- Department of Computer science and designInstituto Tecnologico de SonoraObregonMexico
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Augusto Rojas‐Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research and Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterreyMexico
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Rajagopal VM, Watanabe K, Mbatchou J, Ayer A, Quon P, Sharma D, Kessler MD, Praveen K, Gelfman S, Parikshak N, Otto JM, Bao S, Chim SM, Pavlopoulos E, Avbersek A, Kapoor M, Chen E, Jones MB, Leblanc M, Emberson J, Collins R, Torres J, Morales PK, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre J, Berumen J, Shuldiner AR, Balasubramanian S, Abecasis GR, Kang HM, Marchini J, Stahl EA, Jorgenson E, Sanchez R, Liedtke W, Anderson M, Cantor M, Lederer D, Baras A, Coppola G. Rare coding variants in CHRNB2 reduce the likelihood of smoking. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8. [PMID: 37308787 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic studies of smoking behavior have been thus far largely limited to common variants. Studying rare coding variants has the potential to identify drug targets. We performed an exome-wide association study of smoking phenotypes in up to 749,459 individuals and discovered a protective association in CHRNB2, encoding the β2 subunit of the α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor. Rare predicted loss-of-function and likely deleterious missense variants in CHRNB2 in aggregate were associated with a 35% decreased odds for smoking heavily (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.76, P = 1.9 × 10-8). An independent common variant association in the protective direction ( rs2072659 ; OR = 0.96; CI = 0.94-0.98; P = 5.3 × 10-6) was also evident, suggesting an allelic series. Our findings in humans align with decades-old experimental observations in mice that β2 loss abolishes nicotine-mediated neuronal responses and attenuates nicotine self-administration. Our genetic discovery will inspire future drug designs targeting CHRNB2 in the brain for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariane Ayer
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Peter Quon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suying Bao
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Emberson
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Torres
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pablo Kuri Morales
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime Berumen
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hyun M Kang
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Eli A Stahl
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
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Jones SK, Alberg AJ, Wallace K, Froeliger B, Carpenter MJ, Wolf BJ. CHRNA5-A3-B4 and DRD2 Genes and Smoking Cessation Throughout Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Women. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1164-1173. [PMID: 36794842 PMCID: PMC10413434 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation is more than 50% heritable. Genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited by short-term follow-up or cross-sectional design. AIMS AND METHODS This study tests single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with cessation during long-term follow-up throughout adulthood in women. The secondary aim tests whether genetic associations differ by smoking intensity. Associations between 10 SNPs in CHRNA5, CHRNA3, CHRNB2, CHRNB4, DRD2, and COMT and the probability of smoking cessation over time were evaluated in two longitudinal cohort studies of female nurses, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (n = 10 017) and NHS-2 (n = 2793). Participant follow-up ranged from 2 to 38 years with data collected every 2 years. RESULTS Women with the minor allele of either CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 or CHRNA3 SNP rs1051730 had lower odds of cessation throughout adulthood [OR = 0.93, p-value = .003]. Women had increased odds of cessation if they had the minor allele of CHRNA3 SNP rs578776 [OR = 1.17, p-value = .002]. The minor allele of DRD2 SNP rs1800497 was associated with lower odds of cessation in moderate-to-heavy smokers [OR = 0.92, p-value = .0183] but increased odds in light smokers [OR = 1.24, p-value = .096]. CONCLUSIONS Some SNP associations with short-term smoking abstinence observed in prior studies were shown in the present study to persist throughout adulthood over decades of follow-up. Other SNP associations with short-term abstinence did not persist long-term. The secondary aim findings suggest genetic associations may differ by smoking intensity. IMPLICATIONS The results of the present study expand on previous studies of SNP associations in relation to short-term smoking cessation to demonstrate some of these SNPs were associated with smoking cessation throughout decades of follow-up, whereas other SNP associations with short-term abstinence did not persist long-term. The rate of relapse to smoking remains high for several years after quitting smoking, and many smokers experience multiple quit attempts and relapse episodes throughout adulthood. Understanding genetic associations with long-term cessation has potential importance for precision medicine approaches to long-term cessation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Jones SK, Alberg AJ, Wallace K, Froeliger B, Carpenter MJ, Wolf B. Genetic Associations with Smoking Relapse and Proportion of Follow-up in Smoking Relapse throughout Adulthood in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:269-279. [PMID: 37070666 PMCID: PMC10159950 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PREVENTION RELEVANCE This study is the first to quantify genetic associations with smoking relapse among female smokers throughout adulthood. These findings could inform precision medicine approaches to improve long-term smoking relapse prevention to reduce smoking attributable cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
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Kamens HM, Flarend G, Horton WJ. The role of nicotinic receptors in alcohol consumption. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106705. [PMID: 36813094 PMCID: PMC10083870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of alcohol causes significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined by the excessive use of this drug despite a negative impact on the individual's life. While there are currently medications available to treat AUD, they have limited efficacy and several side effects. As such, it is essential to continue to look for novel therapeutics. One target for novel therapeutics is nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here we systematically review the literature on the involvement of nAChRs in alcohol consumption. Data from both genetic and pharmacology studies provide evidence that nAChRs modulate alcohol intake. Interestingly, pharmacological modulation of all nAChR subtypes examined can decrease alcohol consumption. The reviewed literature demonstrates that nAChRs should continue to be investigated as novel therapeutics for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Geneva Flarend
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - William J Horton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Mo C, Wang J, Ye Z, Ke H, Liu S, Hatch K, Gao S, Magidson J, Chen C, Mitchell BD, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Ma T, Chen S. Evaluating the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank. Addiction 2023; 118:739-749. [PMID: 36401354 PMCID: PMC10443605 DOI: 10.1111/add.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for impaired brain function, but its causal effect on white matter brain aging remains unclear. This study aimed to measure the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging. DESIGN Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two non-overlapping data sets (with and without neuroimaging data) from UK Biobank (UKB). The group exposed to smoking and control group consisted of current smokers and never smokers, respectively. Our main method was generalized weighted linear regression with other methods also included as sensitivity analysis. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS The study cohort included 23 624 subjects [10 665 males and 12 959 females with a mean age of 54.18 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.08, 54.28]. MEASUREMENTS Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables under the MR analysis assumptions: (1) associated with the exposure; (2) influenced outcome only via exposure; and (3) not associated with confounders. The exposure smoking status (current versus never smokers) was measured by questionnaires at the initial visit (2006-10). The other exposure, cigarettes per day (CPD), measured the average number of cigarettes smoked per day for current tobacco users over the life-time. The outcome was the 'brain age gap' (BAG), the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, computed by training machine learning model on a non-overlapping set of never smokers. FINDINGS The estimated BAG had a mean of 0.10 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.14) years. The MR analysis showed evidence of positive causal effect of smoking behaviors on BAG: the effect of smoking is 0.21 (in years, 95% CI = 6.5 × 10-3 , 0.41; P-value = 0.04), and the effect of CPD is 0.16 year/cigarette (UKB: 95% CI = 0.06, 0.26; P-value = 1.3 × 10-3 ; GSCAN: 95% CI = 0.02, 0.31; P-value = 0.03). The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a significant causal effect of smoking on the brain age gap, which suggests that smoking prevention can be an effective intervention for accelerated brain aging and the age-related decline in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongjie Ke
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kathryn Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Magidson
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Ji X, Wang E, Cui Q. Deciphering gene contributions and etiologies of somatic mutational signatures of cancer. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6995381. [PMID: 36682004 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutational signatures (MSs) identified by genome sequencing play important roles in exploring the cause and development of cancer. Thus far, many such signatures have been identified, and some of them do imply causes of cancer. However, a major bottleneck is that we do not know the potential meanings (i.e. carcinogenesis or biological functions) and contributing genes for most of them. Here, we presented a computational framework, Gene Somatic Genome Pattern (GSGP), which can decipher the molecular mechanisms of the MSs. More importantly, it is the first time that the GSGP is able to process MSs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, which greatly extended the applications of both MS analysis and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). As a result, GSGP analyses match consistently with previous reports and identify the etiologies for a number of novel signatures. Notably, we applied GSGP to RNAseq data and revealed an RNA-derived MS involved in deficient deoxyribonucleic acid mismatch repair and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Researchers can perform customized GSGP analysis using the web tools or scripts we provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Ji
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Edwin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Saunders GRB, Wang X, Chen F, Jang SK, Liu M, Wang C, Gao S, Jiang Y, Khunsriraksakul C, Otto JM, Addison C, Akiyama M, Albert CM, Aliev F, Alonso A, Arnett DK, Ashley-Koch AE, Ashrani AA, Barnes KC, Barr RG, Bartz TM, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Bjornsdottir G, Blangero J, Bleecker ER, Boardman JD, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Boorgula MP, Bowden DW, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chasman DI, Chavan S, Chen YDI, Chen Z, Cheng I, Cho MH, Choquet H, Cole JW, Cornelis MC, Cucca F, Curran JE, de Andrade M, Dick DM, Docherty AR, Duggirala R, Eaton CB, Ehringer MA, Esko T, Faul JD, Fernandes Silva L, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gabrielsen ME, Garrett ME, Gharib SA, Gieger C, Gillespie N, Glahn DC, Gordon SD, Gu CC, Gu D, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Haessler J, Hall ME, Haller T, Harris KM, He J, Herd P, Hewitt JK, Hickie I, Hidalgo B, Hokanson JE, Hopfer C, Hottenga J, Hou L, Huang H, Hung YJ, Hunter DJ, Hveem K, Hwang SJ, Hwu CM, Iacono W, Irvin MR, Jee YH, Johnson EO, Joo YY, Jorgenson E, Justice AE, Kamatani Y, Kaplan RC, Kaprio J, Kardia SLR, Keller MC, Kelly TN, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kraft P, Krauter K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lasky-Su J, Lee WJ, Lee JJ, Levy D, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Lind PA, Liu C, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lutz SM, Ma J, Mägi R, Manichaikul A, Martin NG, Mathur R, Matoba N, McArdle PF, McGue M, McQueen MB, Medland SE, Metspalu A, Meyers DA, Millwood IY, Mitchell BD, Mohlke KL, Moll M, Montasser ME, Morrison AC, Mulas A, Nielsen JB, North KE, Oelsner EC, Okada Y, Orrù V, Palmer ND, Palviainen T, Pandit A, Park SL, Peters U, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polderman TJC, Rafaels N, Redline S, Reed RM, Reiner AP, Rice JP, Rich SS, Richmond NE, Roan C, Rotter JI, Rueschman MN, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Schwartz DA, Shadyab AH, Shi J, Shringarpure SS, Sicinski K, Skogholt AH, Smith JA, Smith NL, Sotoodehnia N, Stallings MC, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Stitzel JA, Sun X, Syed M, Tal-Singer R, Taylor AE, Taylor KD, Telen MJ, Thai KK, Tiwari H, Turman C, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Walters RG, Weir DR, Weiss ST, White WB, Whitfield JB, Wiggins KL, Willemsen G, Willer CJ, Winsvold BS, Xu H, Yanek LR, Yin J, Young KL, Young KA, Yu B, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zöllner S, Zuccolo L, Batini C, Bergen AW, Bierut LJ, David SP, Gagliano Taliun SA, Hancock DB, Jiang B, Munafò MR, Thorgeirsson TE, Liu DJ, Vrieze S. Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use. Nature 2022; 612:720-724. [PMID: 36477530 PMCID: PMC9771818 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol use are heritable behaviours associated with 15% and 5.3% of worldwide deaths, respectively, due largely to broad increased risk for disease and injury1-4. These substances are used across the globe, yet genome-wide association studies have focused largely on individuals of European ancestries5. Here we leveraged global genetic diversity across 3.4 million individuals from four major clines of global ancestry (approximately 21% non-European) to power the discovery and fine-mapping of genomic loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use, to inform function of these loci via ancestry-aware transcriptome-wide association studies, and to evaluate the genetic architecture and predictive power of polygenic risk within and across populations. We found that increases in sample size and genetic diversity improved locus identification and fine-mapping resolution, and that a large majority of the 3,823 associated variants (from 2,143 loci) showed consistent effect sizes across ancestry dimensions. However, polygenic risk scores developed in one ancestry performed poorly in others, highlighting the continued need to increase sample sizes of diverse ancestries to realize any potential benefit of polygenic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingyan Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Seon-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline M Otto
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clifton Addison
- Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Christine M Albert
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Dean's Office and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aneel A Ashrani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Tempus, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John W Cole
- Department of Neurology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Charles C Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Translational Sciences Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ian Hickie
- Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - JoukeJan Hottenga
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yon Ho Jee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yoonjung Y Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Translational Sciences Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Li
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ravi Mathur
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick F McArdle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jonas B Nielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Pandit
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Lani Park
- Population Sciences of the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Reed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nicole E Richmond
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol Roan
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Rueschman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Saccone
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kamil Sicinski
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Moin Syed
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn J Telen
- Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Khanh K Thai
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hemant Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy B White
- Jackson Heart Study Undergraduate Training and Education Center, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, USA
| | - John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerri L Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huichun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Health Data Science Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Oregon Research Institute, Springfield, OR, USA
- BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean P David
- Outcomes Research Network & Department of Family Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah A Gagliano Taliun
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Centre, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bibo Jiang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Jones SK, Wolf BJ, Froeliger B, Wallace K, Carpenter MJ, Alberg AJ. A systematic review of genetic variation within nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes and cigarette smoking cessation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 239:109596. [PMID: 35981468 PMCID: PMC10876157 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine produces its effects by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Variants of genes encoding properties of nAChRs are candidates for affecting likelihood of smoking cessation. METHODS A systematic review was conducted summarizing evidence of associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nAChR genes and smoking cessation. From 24 articles meeting inclusion criteria, summary odds ratios (ORs) for associations between nine SNPs and smoking cessation were calculated from 26 studies (N = 233-29,072) stratified by gene, ancestry, study design, and pharmacotherapy; SNPs in linkage disequilibrium were pooled. Results for a tenth SNP from two GWAS were summarized. RESULTS People of European ancestry with minor alleles of CHRNA5 rs16969968 and CHRNA3 rs1051730 had longer time to cessation [HR = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.88 - 0.92 (n = 2 studies)] and lower odds of cessation [OR = 0.88, 95 % CI 0.80 - 0.97 (n = 5 cohort studies), OR = 0.64, 95 % CI 0.45 - 0.90 (n = 4 placebo arms)]. Risk of persistent smoking associated with these alleles was attenuated in smokers receiving nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Recipients of bupropion alone or with NRT with these alleles had higher, though not statistically significant, odds of cessation. Results for CHRNA5 rs588765 and rs680244 were similar to rs16969968/rs1051730 findings. Evidence was limited for other SNPs. CONCLUSION Evidence consistently indicates the minor alleles of four SNPs within CHRNA3 or CHRNA5 are risk alleles for cessation failure. Analysis by pharmacotherapy revealed bupropion may be the most efficacious intervention for people with these alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Jones
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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13
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Vereczkei A, Barta C, Magi A, Farkas J, Eisinger A, Király O, Belik A, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Sasvári-Székely M, Urbán R, Potenza MN, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K, Demetrovics Z, Kotyuk E. FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050690. [PMID: 35629112 PMCID: PMC9144496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vereczkei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Csaba Barta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Anna Magi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Eisinger
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Andrea Belik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK;
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Mária Sasvári-Székely
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (A.V.); (A.B.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (J.F.); (A.E.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (R.U.); (E.K.)
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14
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Buck JM, O'Neill HC, Stitzel JA. The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice. Behav Genet 2021; 51:665-684. [PMID: 34159514 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy constitutes developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) and is associated with nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in both children and grandchildren as well as animal models thereof. Genetic variants such as the CHRNA5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968, which leads to an aspartic acid to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 398 (D398N) in the alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, can also confer risk for nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in the absence of DNE. However, the degrees to which, the consequences of maternal smoking on offspring outcomes are influenced by genetic variants and interactions therewith are not well understood. Addressing this void in the literature, the present study utilizes a DNE mouse model engineered to possess the equivalent of the human D398N SNP in CHRNA5 (D397N SNP in mice) to assess how the N397 risk allele impacts the induction and intergenerational transmission of a range of neurodevelopmental disorder-related behavioral phenotypes in first- and second-generation DNE offspring. Results reveal that offspring possessing the N397 variant in the absence of DNE as well as DNE offspring and grand offspring possessing theD397 variant exhibit analogous neurodevelopmental disorder-like phenotypes including hyperactivity, risk-taking behaviors, aberrant rhythmicity of activity, and enhanced nicotine consumption. DNE amplified these behavioral anomalies in first-generation N397 progeny, but the severity of DNE-evoked behavioral perturbations did not significantly differ between first-generation D397 and N397 DNE mice for any measure. Remarkably, the behavioral profiles of second-generation N397 DNE progeny closely resembled DNE-naive D397 mice, suggesting that the N397 variant may protect against the intergenerational transmission of DNE-induced neurodevelopmental disorder-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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15
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Genetically Targeted Connectivity Tracing Excludes Dopaminergic Inputs to the Interpeduncular Nucleus from the Ventral Tegmentum and Substantia Nigra. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0127-21.2021. [PMID: 34088738 PMCID: PMC8223495 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0127-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The “habenulopeduncular system” consists of the medial habenula (MHb) and its principal target of innervation, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Neurons in the ventral MHb (MHbV) express acetylcholine along with glutamate, and both the MHb and IP are rich in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Much of the work on this system has focused on nicotinic mechanisms and their clinical implications for nicotine use, particularly because the IP expresses the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, which is genetically linked to smoking risk. A working model has emerged in which nicotine use may be determined by the balance of reinforcement mediated in part by nicotine effects on dopamine reward pathways, and an aversive “brake” on nicotine consumption encoded in the MHb-IP pathway. However, recent work has proposed that the IP also receives direct dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). If correct, this would significantly impact the prevailing model of IP function. Here, we have used Chrna5Cre mice to perform rabies virus-mediated retrograde tracing of global inputs to the IP. We have also used Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) anterograde tracing using Slc6a3Cre (DATCre) mice to map VTA dopaminergic efferents, and we have examined tract-tracing data using other transgenic models for dopaminergic neurons available in a public database. Consistent with the existing literature using non-genetic tracing methods, none of these experiments show a significant anatomic connection from the VTA or substantia nigra (SN) to the IP, and thus do not support a model of direct dopaminergic input to the habenulopeduncular system.
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16
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Yao C, Joehanes R, Wilson R, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Kretschmer A, Prokisch H, Schramm K, Gieger C, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Marzi C, Herder C, Levy D. Epigenome-wide association study of whole blood gene expression in Framingham Heart Study participants provides molecular insight into the potential role of CHRNA5 in cigarette smoking-related lung diseases. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:60. [PMID: 33752734 PMCID: PMC7986283 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification that can directly affect gene regulation. DNA methylation is highly influenced by environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, which is causally related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. To date, there have been few large-scale, combined analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression and their interrelations with lung diseases. Results We performed an epigenome-wide association study of whole blood gene expression in ~ 6000 individuals from four cohorts. We discovered and replicated numerous CpGs associated with the expression of cis genes within 500 kb of each CpG, with 148 to 1,741 cis CpG-transcript pairs identified across cohorts. We found that the closer a CpG resided to a transcription start site, the larger its effect size, and that 36% of cis CpG-transcript pairs share the same causal genetic variant. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that hypomethylation and lower expression of CHRNA5, which encodes a smoking-related nicotinic receptor, are causally linked to increased risk of COPD and lung cancer. This putatively causal relationship was further validated in lung tissue data. Conclusions Our results provide a large and comprehensive association study of whole blood DNA methylation with gene expression. Expression platform differences rather than population differences are critical to the replication of cis CpG-transcript pairs. The low reproducibility of trans CpG-transcript pairs suggests that DNA methylation regulates nearby rather than remote gene expression. The putatively causal roles of methylation and expression of CHRNA5 in relation to COPD and lung cancer provide evidence for a mechanistic link between patterns of smoking-related epigenetic variation and lung diseases, and highlight potential therapeutic targets for lung diseases and smoking cessation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01041-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yao
- The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.,The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.,The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anja Kretschmer
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, München, Germany.,Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Bavaria, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Marzi
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research At Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. .,The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Scholze P, Huck S. The α5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Differentially Modulates α4β2 * and α3β4 * Receptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:607959. [PMID: 33343327 PMCID: PMC7744819 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.607959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the principal reinforcing compound in tobacco, acts in the brain by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how the α5 accessory nAChR subunit, encoded by the CHRNA5 gene, differentially modulates α4β2* and α3β4* receptors at the cellular level. Genome-wide association studies have linked a gene cluster in chromosomal region 15q25 to increased susceptibility to nicotine addiction, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Interestingly, this gene cluster contains a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human CHRNA5 gene, causing an aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) substitution at amino acid position 398 in the α5 nAChR subunit. Although other SNPs have been associated with tobacco smoking behavior, efforts have focused predominantly on the D398 and N398 variants in the α5 subunit. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the role that the α5 nAChR subunit—and the role of the D398 and N398 variants—plays on nAChR function at the cellular level. These insights stem primarily from a wide range of experimental models, including receptors expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes, various cell lines, and neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as endogenous receptors in genetically engineered mice and—more recently—rats. Despite providing a wealth of available data, however, these studies have yielded conflicting results, and our understanding of the modulatory role that the α5 subunit plays remains incomplete. Here, we review these reports and the various techniques used for expression and analysis in order to examine how the α5 subunit modulates key functions in α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, including receptor trafficking, sensitivity, efficacy, and desensitization. In addition, we highlight the strikingly different role that the α5 subunit plays in Ca2+ signaling between α4β2* and α3β4* receptors, and we discuss whether the N398 α5 subunit variant can partially replace the D398 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigismund Huck
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Xu K, Li B, McGinnis KA, Vickers-Smith R, Dao C, Sun N, Kember RL, Zhou H, Becker WC, Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Zhao H, Justice AC. Genome-wide association study of smoking trajectory and meta-analysis of smoking status in 842,000 individuals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5302. [PMID: 33082346 PMCID: PMC7598939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for longitudinal smoking phenotypes in 286,118 individuals from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) where we identified 18 loci for smoking trajectory of current versus never in European Americans, one locus in African Americans, and one in Hispanic Americans. Functional annotations prioritized several dozen genes where significant loci co-localized with either expression quantitative trait loci or chromatin interactions. The smoking trajectories were genetically correlated with 209 complex traits, for 33 of which smoking was either a causal or a consequential factor. We also performed European-ancestry meta-analyses for smoking status in the MVP and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN) (Ntotal = 842,717) and identified 99 loci for smoking initiation and 13 loci for smoking cessation. Overall, this large GWAS of longitudinal smoking phenotype in multiple populations, combined with a meta-GWAS for smoking status, adds new insights into the genetic vulnerability for smoking behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for cigarette smoking have identified several hundred loci that account for a small proportion of the overall genetic risk. Here, the authors report a large GWAS for smoking trajectories and meta-analysis for smoking status, finding multiple plausible loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | | | - Cecilia Dao
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - William C Becker
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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19
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Segura AG, Mitjans M, Fatjó-Vilas M, Garcia-Portilla MP, Garcia-Alvarez L, Sarramea F, Bobes-Bascaran T, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Velasco Iglesias A, Martínez-Cao C, González-Blanco L, Dal Santo F, Elizagarate E, Saiz PA, Fañanás L, Bobes J, Arias B. Smoking cessation improves clinical outcome in severe mental disorders and is modulated by genetic variability at CHRNA5 gene. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:516-519. [PMID: 32553632 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Segura
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà, 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M P Garcia-Portilla
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Garcia-Alvarez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F Sarramea
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - T Bobes-Bascaran
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L de la Fuente-Tomás
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Velasco Iglesias
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L González-Blanco
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F Dal Santo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Elizagarate
- Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Araba kalea, 43, 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - P A Saiz
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Fañanás
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Cross SJ, Reynaga DD, Cano M, Belluzzi JD, Zaveri NT, Leslie FM. Differences in mechanisms underlying reinstatement of cigarette smoke extract- and nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 162:107846. [PMID: 31704271 PMCID: PMC7034132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, current therapies for smoking cessation are largely ineffective at maintaining abstinence for more than a year. Whereas most preclinical studies use nicotine alone, the goal of the present study was to evaluate whether inclusion of non-nicotine tobacco constituents provides better face validity for the development of new pharmacological therapies for smoking cessation. Here, we trained adult male rats to self-administer nicotine alone or cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which contains nicotine and other aqueous constituents of cigarette smoke. After stable self-administration behavior was established, animals underwent extinction training followed by drug and cue primed reinstatement testing. We show that animals that self-administered CSE had significant reinstatement in all drug and drug + cue stimulus conditions whereas animals that self-administered nicotine only showed significant reinstatement in the drug + cue conditions. AT-1001, an α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) functional antagonist, attenuated drug + cue-primed reinstatement of both CSE- and nicotine-seeking behavior. However, AT-1001 was less potent in blocking drug-primed reinstatement in animals that had self-administered CSE than in those that had self-administered nicotine alone. This was the case even when nicotine was used to prime reinstatement in animals that had self-administered CSE, suggesting that prior CSE exposure had altered the functional role of α3β4-containing nAChRs in drug-seeking behavior. These findings confirm the importance of non-nicotine tobacco constituents and α3β4* nAChRs in cue- and nicotine-primed craving. They also suggest that tests using CSE may be more valid models to study tobacco dependence than use of nicotine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Cross
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Daisy D Reynaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Cano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James D Belluzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Frances M Leslie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Mathis V, Kenny PJ. From controlled to compulsive drug-taking: The role of the habenula in addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:102-111. [PMID: 29936111 PMCID: PMC9871871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is now recognized as a neurobiological and cognitive brain disorder and is generally viewed as a switch from recreational or voluntary to compulsive substance use despite aversive consequences. The habenula, composed of medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) domains, has been implicated in regulating behavioral flexibility and anxiety-related behaviors and is considered a core component of the brain "anti-reward" system. These functions position the habenula to influence voluntary behaviors. Consistent with this view, emerging evidence points to alterations in habenula activity as important factors to contributing the loss of control over the use of drugs of abuse and the emergence of compulsive drug seeking behaviors. In this review, we will discuss the general functions of the MHb and LHb and describe how these functional properties allow this brain region to promote or suppress volitional behaviors. Then, we highlight mechanisms by which drugs of abuse may alter habenular activity, precipitating the emergence of addiction-relevant behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mathis
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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22
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Besson M, Forget B, Correia C, Blanco R, Maskos U. Profound alteration in reward processing due to a human polymorphism in CHRNA5: a role in alcohol dependence and feeding behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1906-1916. [PMID: 31288250 PMCID: PMC6785024 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4, in particular the non-synonymous and frequent CHRNA5 variant rs16969968 (α5SNP), has an important consequence on smoking behavior in humans. A number of genetic association studies have additionally implicated the CHRNA5 gene in addictions to other drugs, and also body mass index (BMI). Here, we model the α5SNP, in a transgenic rat line, and establish its role in alcohol dependence, and feeding behavior. Rats expressing the α5SNP consume more alcohol, and exhibit increased relapse to alcohol seeking after abstinence. This high-relapsing phenotype is reflected in altered activity in the insula, linked to interoception, as established using c-Fos immunostaining. Similarly, relapse to food seeking is increased in the transgenic group, while a nicotine treatment reduces relapse in both transgenic and control rats. These findings point to a general role of this human polymorphism in reward processing, and multiple addictions other than smoking. This could pave the way for the use of medication targeting the nicotinic receptor in the treatment of alcohol use and eating disorders, and comorbid conditions in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Besson
- Department of Neuroscience, Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Forget
- Department of Neuroscience, Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Correia
- Department of Neuroscience, Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, CNRS UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rodolphe Blanco
- Department of Neuroscience, Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Department of Neuroscience, Unité de Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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23
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Tao M, Liu Q, Miyazaki Y, Canning BJ. Nicotinic receptor dependent regulation of cough and other airway defensive reflexes. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:101810. [PMID: 31181318 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic receptor activation in the airways evokes airway defensive reflexes including cough. These reflexes are the direct result of bronchopulmonary afferent nerve activation, which may occur directly, through activation of nicotinic receptors expressed on the terminals of airway sensory nerves, or indirectly, secondary to the end organ effects associated with autonomic nerve stimulation. The irritating effects of nicotine delivered topically to the airways are counterbalanced by an inhibitory effect of nicotinic receptor activation in the central nervous system. We present evidence that these nicotinic receptors are components of essential transducing and encoding mechanisms regulating airway defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Tao
- Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Japan
| | - Qi Liu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Legaz I, Pérez-Cárceles MD, de la Calle I, Arjona F, Roca M, Cejudo P, Luna A, Osuna E. Genetic susceptibility to nicotine and/or alcohol addiction: a systematic review. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1619085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Legaz
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. D. Pérez-Cárceles
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miriam Roca
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Cejudo
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Luna
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Osuna
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
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25
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Lee HW, Yang SH, Kim JY, Kim H. The Role of the Medial Habenula Cholinergic System in Addiction and Emotion-Associated Behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:100. [PMID: 30873055 PMCID: PMC6404551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula is a complex nucleus composed of lateral and medial subnuclei, which connect between the limbic forebrain and midbrain. Over the past few years, the lateral habenula has received considerable attention because of its potential roles in cognition and in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Unlike extensively studied lateral habenula, anatomically and histologically distinct medial habenula remains largely understudied. The medial habenula can be further subdivided into a dorsal region containing excitatory neurons that express the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P and a ventral region containing dense cholinergic neurons. Although the medial habenula is the source of one of the major cholinergic pathways in the brain, relatively few studies have been conducted to understand its roles. Recently, however, the medial habenula cholinergic system has attracted more attention because of its potential to provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, drug addiction, and various mood disorders. Here, we discuss the role of the medial habenula cholinergic system in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins required for the uptake of choline (choline transporter 1, choline transporter-like proteins) synthesis of ACh (choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase), transport of ACh (vesicular acetylcholine transport, OCTs, OCTNs) and degradation of ACh (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). The released ACh binds back to nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic receptors on lung cancer cells to accelerate their proliferation, migration and invasion. Out of all components of the cholinergic pathway, the nAChR-signaling has been studied the most intensely. The reason for this trend is due to genome-wide data studies showing that nicotinic receptor subtypes are involved in lung cancer risk, the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk as well as the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes considered by many as a "safe" alternative to smoking. There are a small number of articles which review the contribution of the other cholinergic proteins in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. The primary objective of this review article is to discuss the function of the acetylcholine-signaling proteins in the progression of lung cancer. The investigation of the role of cholinergic network in lung cancer will pave the way to novel molecular targets and drugs in this lethal malignancy.
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27
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Zoli M, Pucci S, Vilella A, Gotti C. Neuronal and Extraneuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:338-349. [PMID: 28901280 PMCID: PMC6018187 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170912110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) belong to a super-family of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion chan-nels that respond to endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) or other cholinergic ligands. These receptors are also the targets of drugs such as nicotine (the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke) and are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Numerous studies have shown that the expression and/or function of nAChRs is com-promised in many neurological and psychiatric diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that neuronal nAChRs are found in a large number of non-neuronal cell types in-cluding endothelial cells, glia, immune cells, lung epithelia and cancer cells where they regulate cell differentiation, prolifera-tion and inflammatory responses. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent findings concerning the structure and function of native nAChRs inside and outside the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute-Milano, Biometra University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Neuroscience Institute-Milano, Biometra University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Morton G, Nasirova N, Sparks DW, Brodsky M, Sivakumaran S, Lambe EK, Turner EE. Chrna5-Expressing Neurons in the Interpeduncular Nucleus Mediate Aversion Primed by Prior Stimulation or Nicotine Exposure. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6900-6920. [PMID: 29954848 PMCID: PMC6070661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0023-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown an association between smoking and variation at the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene locus encoding the α5, α3, and β4 nicotinic receptor subunits. The α5 receptor has been specifically implicated because smoking-associated haplotypes contain a coding variant in the CHRNA5 gene. The Chrna5/a3/b4 locus is conserved in rodents and the restricted expression of these subunits suggests neural pathways through which the reinforcing and aversive properties of nicotine may be mediated. Here, we show that, in the interpeduncular nucleus (IP), the site of the highest Chrna5 mRNA expression in rodents, electrophysiological responses to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation are markedly reduced in α5-null mice. IP neurons differ markedly from their upstream ventral medial habenula cholinergic partners, which appear unaltered by loss of α5. To probe the functional role of α5-containing IP neurons, we used BAC recombineering to generate transgenic mice expressing Cre-recombinase from the Chrna5 locus. Reporter expression driven by Chrna5Cre demonstrates that transcription of Chrna5 is regulated independently from the Chrna3/b4 genes transcribed on the opposite strand. Chrna5-expressing IP neurons are GABAergic and project to distant targets in the mesopontine raphe and tegmentum rather than forming local circuits. Optogenetic stimulation of Chrna5-expressing IP neurons failed to elicit physical manifestations of withdrawal. However, after recent prior stimulation or exposure to nicotine, IP stimulation becomes aversive. These results using mice of both sexes support the idea that the risk allele of CHRNA5 may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the receptors and neural pathways underlying the reinforcing and aversive effects of nicotine may suggest new treatments for tobacco addiction. Part of the individual variability in smoking is associated with specific forms of the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene. Here, we show that deletion of the α5 subunit in mice markedly reduces the cellular response to nicotine and acetylcholine in the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Stimulation of α5-expressing IP neurons using optogenetics is aversive, but this effect requires priming by recent prior stimulation or exposure to nicotine. These results support the idea that the smoking-associated variant of the α5 gene may increase the drive to smoke via loss of IP-mediated nicotine aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Morton
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | - Nailyam Nasirova
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | | | - Matthew Brodsky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute
| | | | - Evelyn K Lambe
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric E Turner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute,
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101
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Forrest MP, Hill MJ, Kavanagh DH, Tansey KE, Waite AJ, Blake DJ. The Psychiatric Risk Gene Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) Regulates Neurodevelopmental Pathways Associated With Schizophrenia, Autism, and Intellectual Disability. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1100-1110. [PMID: 29228394 PMCID: PMC6101561 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants in and around the gene encoding transcription factor 4 (TCF4) are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Conversely, rare damaging TCF4 mutations cause Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and have also been found in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS Chromatin immunoprecipitation and next generation sequencing were used to identify the genomic targets of TCF4. These data were integrated with expression, epigenetic and disease gene sets using a range of computational tools. RESULTS We identify 10604 TCF4 binding sites in the genome that were assigned to 5437 genes. De novo motif enrichment found that most TCF4 binding sites contained at least one E-box (5'-CAtcTG). Approximately 77% of TCF4 binding sites overlapped with the H3K27ac histone modification for active enhancers. Enrichment analysis on the set of TCF4 targets identified numerous, highly significant functional clusters for pathways including nervous system development, ion transport and signal transduction, and co-expression modules for genes associated with synaptic function and brain development. Importantly, we found that genes harboring de novo mutations in schizophrenia (P = 5.3 × 10-7), ASD (P = 2.5 × 10-4), and ID (P = 7.6 × 10-3) were also enriched among TCF4 targets. TCF4 binding sites were also found at other schizophrenia risk loci including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cluster, CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 and SETD1A. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that TCF4 binding sites are found in a large number of neuronal genes that include many genetic risk factors for common neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Forrest
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Matthew J Hill
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - David H Kavanagh
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Katherine E Tansey
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian J Waite
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Derek J Blake
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +44(0)29 2068 8468, fax: +44(0)29 2068 7068, e-mail:
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30
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Cleveland HH, Schlomer GL, Vandenbergh DJ, Wolf PSA, Feinberg M, Greenberg M, Spoth R, Redmond C. Associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across early and middle adolescence: Moderation × Preventive intervention. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:297-313. [PMID: 28534462 PMCID: PMC6367729 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Data from the in-school sample of the PROSPER preventive intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across adolescence, and whether substance misuse interventions in the 6th and 7th grades (targeting parenting, family functioning, social norms, youth decision making, and peer group affiliations) modified associations between these genes and adolescent use. Primary analyses were run on a sample of 1,885 individuals and included three steps. First, we estimated unconditional growth curve models with separate slopes for alcohol use from 6th to 9th grade and from 9th to 12th grade, as well as the intercept at Grade 9. Second, we used intervention condition and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, 1B (ADH1B), 1C (ADH1C), and 4 (ADH4) to predict variance in slopes and intercept. Third, we examined whether genetic influences on model slopes and intercepts were moderated by intervention condition. The results indicated that the increase in alcohol use was greater in early adolescence than in middle adolescence; two of the genes, ADH1B and ADH1C, significantly predicted early adolescent slope and Grade 9 intercept, and associations between ADH1C and both early adolescent slope and intercept were significantly different across control and intervention conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harrington Cleveland
- Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 234 Health & Human Development Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16803, 814-867-2370,
| | - Gabriel L Schlomer
- University of Albany, SUNY, Assistant Professor, Educational Psychology & Methodology, ED 225, Albany, NY 12222, 518-442-5150,
| | - David J. Vandenbergh
- Professor of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 258A HHD Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, 814-863-8430,
| | - Pedro S. A. Wolf
- The Pennsylvania State University, Behavioral Scientist, Northup Grumman, Falls Church, VA,
| | - Mark Feinberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Research Professor of Health and Human Development, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, 814-865-7375,
| | - Mark Greenberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Edna Peterson Bennett Endowed Chair in Prevention Research, Professor of Human Development and Psychology, 306 BBH Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, 814-863-0112,
| | - Richard Spoth
- Iowa State University, Human Development and Family Studies, Ames, IA 50010, 515-294-9752,
| | - Cleve Redmond
- Iowa State University, Human Development and Family Studies, Ames, IA 50010, 515-294-0114,
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31
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Melroy-Greif WE, Simonson MA, Corley RP, Lutz SM, Hokanson JE, Ehringer MA. Examination of the Involvement of Cholinergic-Associated Genes in Nicotine Behaviors in European and African Americans. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:417-425. [PMID: 27613895 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoking is a physiologically harmful habit. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are bound by nicotine and upregulated in response to chronic exposure to nicotine. It is known that upregulation of these receptors is not due to a change in mRNA of these genes, however, more precise details on the process are still uncertain, with several plausible hypotheses describing how nAChRs are upregulated. We have manually curated a set of genes believed to play a role in nicotine-induced nAChR upregulation. Here, we test the hypothesis that these genes are associated with and contribute risk for nicotine dependence (ND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). Methods Studies with genotypic data on European and African Americans (EAs and AAs, respectively) were collected and a gene-based test was run to test for an association between each gene and ND and CPD. Results Although several novel genes were associated with CPD and ND at P < 0.05 in EAs and AAs, these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. Previous associations between CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB4 and CPD in EAs were replicated. Conclusions Our hypothesis-driven approach avoided many of the limitations inherent in pathway analyses and provided nominal evidence for association between cholinergic-related genes and nicotine behaviors. Implications We evaluated the evidence for association between a manually curated set of genes and nicotine behaviors in European and African Americans. Although no genes were associated after multiple testing correction, this study has several strengths: by manually curating a set of genes we circumvented the limitations inherent in many pathway analyses and tested several genes that had not yet been examined in a human genetic study; gene-based tests are a useful way to test for association with a set of genes; and these genes were collected based on literature review and conversations with experts, highlighting the importance of scientific collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Melroy-Greif
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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32
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A little rein on addiction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:120-129. [PMID: 28986065 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rewarding and aversive experiences influence emotions, motivate specific behaviors, and modify future action in animals. Multiple conserved vertebrate neural circuits have been discovered that act in a species-specific manner to reinforce behaviors that are rewarding, while attenuating those with an adverse outcome. A growing body of research now suggests that malfunction of the same circuits is an underlying cause for many human disorders and mental ailments. The habenula (Latin for "little rein") complex, an epithalamic structure that regulates midbrain monoaminergic activity has emerged in recent years as one such region in the vertebrate brain that modulates behavior. Its dysfunction, on the other hand, is implicated in a spectrum of psychiatric disorders in humans such as schizophrenia, depression and addiction. Here, I review the progress in identification of potential mechanisms involving the habenula in addiction.
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33
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Sakata K, Overacre AE. Promoter IV-BDNF deficiency disturbs cholinergic gene expression of CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5: effects of drug and environmental treatments. J Neurochem 2017; 143:49-64. [PMID: 28722769 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes maturation of cholinergic neurons. However, how activity-dependent BDNF expression affects specific cholinergic gene expression remains unclear. This study addressed this question by determining mRNA levels of 22 acetylcholine receptor subunits, the choline transporter (CHT), and the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in mice deficient in activity-dependent BDNF via promoter IV (KIV) and control wild-type mice. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significant reductions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 5 (CHRNA5) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM5) in the hippocampus, but significant increases in M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM2) in the frontal cortex of KIV mice compared to wild-type mice. Three-week treatments with fluoxetine, phenelzine, duloxetine, imipramine, or an enriched environment treatment (EET) did not affect the altered expression of these genes except that EET increased CHRNA5 levels only in KIV frontal cortex. EET also increased levels of CHRNA7, CHT, and ChAT, again only in the KIV frontal cortex. The imipramine treatment was most prominent among the four antidepressants; it up-regulated hippocampal CHRM2 and frontal cortex CHRM5 in both genotypes, and frontal cortex CHRNA7 only in KIV mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that BDNF deficiency disturbs expression of CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5. Our results suggest that promoter IV-BDNF deficiency - which occurs under chronic stress - causes cholinergic dysfunctions via these receptors. EET is effective on CHRNA5, while its compensatory induction of other cholinergic genes or drugs targeting CHRNA5, CHRM2, and CHRM5 may become an alternative strategy to reverse these BDNF-linked cholinergic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Sakata
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Abigail E Overacre
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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34
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Quina LA, Harris J, Zeng H, Turner EE. Specific connections of the interpeduncular subnuclei reveal distinct components of the habenulopeduncular pathway. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2632-2656. [PMID: 28387937 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The habenulopeduncular pathway consists of the medial habenula (MHb), its output tract, the fasciculus retroflexus, and its principal target, the interpeduncular nucleus (IP). Several IP subnuclei have been described, but their specific projections and relationship to habenula inputs are not well understood. Here we have used viral, transgenic, and conventional anterograde and retrograde tract-tracing methods to better define the relationship between the dorsal and ventral MHb, the IP, and the secondary efferent targets of this system. Although prior studies have reported that the IP has ascending projections to ventral forebrain structures, we find that these projections originate almost entirely in the apical subnucleus, which may be more appropriately described as part of the median raphe system. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus receives inhibitory inputs from the contralateral dorsolateral IP, and mainly excitatory inputs from the ipsilateral rostrolateral IP subnucleus. The midline central gray of the pons and nucleus incertus receive input from the rostral IP, which contains a mix of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, and the dorsomedial IP, which is exclusively inhibitory. The lateral central gray of the pons receives bilateral input from the lateral IP, which in turn receives bilateral input from the dorsal MHb. Taken together with prior studies of IP projections to the raphe, these results form an emerging map of the habenulopeduncular system that has significant implications for the proposed function of the IP in a variety of behaviors, including models of mood disorders and behavioral responses to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lely A Quina
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101
| | - Julie Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98103
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98103
| | - Eric E Turner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98101
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35
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Bacchelli E, Cainazzo MM, Cameli C, Guerzoni S, Martinelli A, Zoli M, Maestrini E, Pini LA. A genome-wide analysis in cluster headache points to neprilysin and PACAP receptor gene variants. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:114. [PMID: 27957625 PMCID: PMC5153392 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cluster Headache (CH) is a severe primary headache, with a poorly understood pathophysiology. Complex genetic factors are likely to play a role in CH etiology; however, no confirmed gene associations have been identified. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants influencing risk to CH and to explore the potential pathogenic mechanisms. Methods We have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a clinically well-defined cohort of 99 Italian patients with CH and in a control sample of 360 age-matched sigarette smoking healthy individuals, using the Infinium PsychArray (Illumina), which combines common highly-informative genome-wide tag SNPs and exonic SNPs. Genotype data were used to carry out a genome-wide single marker case-control association analysis using common SNPs, and a gene-based association analysis focussing on rare protein altering variants in 745 candidate genes with a putative role in CH. Results Although no single variant showed statistically significant association at the genome-wide threshold, we identified an interesting suggestive association (P = 9.1 × 10−6) with a common variant of the PACAP receptor gene (ADCYAP1R1). Furthermore, gene-based analysis provided significant evidence of association (P = 2.5 × 10−5) for a rare potentially damaging missense variant in the MME gene, encoding for the membrane metallo-endopeptidase neprilysin. Conclusions Our study represents the first genome-wide association study of common SNPs and rare exonic variants influencing risk for CH. The most interesting results implicate ADCYAP1R1 and MME gene variants in CH susceptibility and point to a role for genes involved in pain processing. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CH that need further investigation and replication in larger CH samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0705-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Cainazzo
- Headache and Drug Abuse Unit, Policlinico Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cameli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Guerzoni
- Headache and Drug Abuse Unit, Policlinico Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Present address: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luigi Alberto Pini
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Policlinico Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100, Modena, Italy.
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Lassi G, Taylor AE, Timpson NJ, Kenny PJ, Mather RJ, Eisen T, Munafò MR. The CHRNA5-A3-B4 Gene Cluster and Smoking: From Discovery to Therapeutics. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:851-861. [PMID: 27871728 PMCID: PMC5152594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified associations between the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster and smoking heaviness and nicotine dependence. Studies in rodents have described the anatomical localisation and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) formed by the subunits encoded by this gene cluster. Further investigations that complemented these studies highlighted the variability of individuals' smoking behaviours and their ability to adjust nicotine intake. GWASs of smoking-related health outcomes have also identified this signal in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene cluster. This insight underpins approaches to strengthen causal inference in observational data. Combining genetic and mechanistic studies of nicotine dependence and smoking heaviness may reveal novel targets for medication development. Validated targets can inform genetic therapeutic interventions for smoking cessation and tobacco-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Lassi
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Amy E Taylor
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Paul J Kenny
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Eisen
- Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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37
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Replicated Risk Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Genes for Nicotine Dependence. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7110095. [PMID: 27827986 PMCID: PMC5126781 DOI: 10.3390/genes7110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play important roles in nicotine dependence (ND) and influence the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in smokers. We compiled the associations between nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes (CHRNs) and ND/CPD that were replicated across different studies, reviewed the expression of these risk genes in human/mouse brains, and verified their expression using independent samples of both human and mouse brains. The potential functions of the replicated risk variants were examined using cis-eQTL analysis or predicted using a series of bioinformatics analyses. We found replicated and significant associations for ND/CPD at 19 SNPs in six genes in three genomic regions (CHRNB3-A6, CHRNA5-A3-B4 and CHRNA4). These six risk genes are expressed in at least 18 distinct areas of the human/mouse brain, with verification in our independent human and mouse brain samples. The risk variants might influence the transcription, expression and splicing of the risk genes, alter RNA secondary or protein structure. We conclude that the replicated associations between CHRNB3-A6, CHRNA5-A3-B4,CHRNA4 and ND/CPD are very robust. More research is needed to examine how these genetic variants contribute to the risk for ND/CPD.
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38
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Besson M, Guiducci S, Granon S, Guilloux JP, Guiard B, Repérant C, Faure P, Pons S, Cannazza G, Zoli M, Gardier AM, Maskos U. Alterations in alpha5* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors result in midbrain- and hippocampus-dependent behavioural and neural impairments. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3297-314. [PMID: 27385416 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence links alterations in α5-containing nicotinic receptors (α5*-nAChRs) to nicotine addiction. Notably, the rs16969968 polymorphism in the α5 gene (α5SNP) increases the risk for heavy smoking and impairs nicotine-rewarding properties in mice. Additional work is needed to understand how native and polymorphic α5*-nAChRs contribute to processes associated with the risk for nicotine addiction. OBJECTIVES We aimed at understanding the contribution of α5*-nAChRs to endophenotypes like increased responses to novelty and anxiety, known to promote vulnerability to addiction, and to the response of the dopamine and serotonin systems to nicotine. METHODS Behavioural phenotypes were investigated in mice lacking the α5 gene (α5(-/-)). Nicotine injections were performed to test the consequences of nicotine exposure on the phenotypes identified. Dopamine and serotonin signalling were assessed using in vivo microdialysis and electrophysiology. We used lentiviral vectors to compare the consequences of re-expressing either the α5 wild-type allele or the α5SNP in specific brain areas of α5(-/-) mice. RESULTS α5(-/-) mice did not exhibit high responses to novelty but showed decreased novelty-induced rearing behaviour together with high anxiety. Exposure to high doses of nicotine rescued these phenotypes. We identified altered spontaneous and nicotine-elicited serotonin and dopamine activity in α5(-/-) mice. Re-expression of α5 in the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus rescued rearing and anxiety levels in α5(-/-) mice, respectively. When expressing the α5SNP instead, this resulted in a knockout-like phenotype for both behaviours. CONCLUSIONS We propose that altered α5*-nAChR cholinergic signalling contributes to emotional/behavioural impairments that may be alleviated by nicotine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France.
| | - Stefania Guiducci
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Physiology and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Neurobiologie de la Prise de Décision, Neuro-PSI, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Guilloux
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Bruno Guiard
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Christelle Repérant
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs, Neurophysiologie et Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Physiology and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41121, Italy
| | - Alain M Gardier
- Neuropharmacologie des troubles anxieux-dépressifs et neurogénèse, Université Paris-Sud XI, Chatenay-Malabry, 91290, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724 cedex15, France
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Skov-Ettrup LS, Nordestgaard BG, Petersen CB, Tolstrup JS. Does High Tobacco Consumption Cause Psychological Distress? A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:32-38. [PMID: 27613883 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that smoking influences mental health negatively. This study investigated whether high tobacco consumption is causally related to psychological distress in a Mendelian randomization design, using a variant in the nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene CHRNA3-known to influence individual tobacco consumption-as instrumental variable for tobacco consumption. METHODS Data from 90 108 participants in the Copenhagen General Population Study was used. Exposures included self-reported cigarettes/day and pack years and the CHRNA3 rs1051730 genotype as instrumental variable for tobacco consumption. Three dimensions of psychological distress were studied: Stress, fatigue, and hopelessness. Analyses with the CHRNA3 genotype were stratified by smoking status. RESULTS Self-reported amount of smoking was associated with all three dimensions of psychological distress. For instance among participants smoking 30 cigarettes/day or more, the odds ratio (OR) for stress was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-1.89) compared to never-smokers. Corresponding ORs for fatigue and hopelessness were 2.18 (95% CI 1.92-2.47) and 3.08 (95% CI 2.62-3.62). Among current smokers, homozygotes and heterozygotes for the CHRNA3 genotype had higher tobacco consumption than noncarriers. Nevertheless, the CHRNA3 genotype was not associated with psychological distress neither in current nor in former or never-smokers. For instance among current smokers, the OR for stress was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) among homozygotes compared to noncarriers of the CHRNA3 genotype. CONCLUSIONS Though a strong association between tobacco consumption and psychological distress was found, there was no clear evidence that high tobacco consumption was causally related to psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS Smoking is associated with several mental health outcomes and smoking cessation is associated with improved mental health. Causality in the association between smoking and mental health is difficult to establish using observational data. Using a genotype known to influence tobacco consumption as instrumental variable for amount of smoking, we found no clear evidence of a direct causal path between high tobacco consumption and psychological distress. Whatever causes the strong association between tobacco consumption and psychological distress, the co-occurrence is important to consider both in interventions for smoking prevention and cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise S Skov-Ettrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina B Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Etiological theories of addiction: A comprehensive update on neurobiological, genetic and behavioural vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:59-68. [PMID: 27306332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, about 246 million people around the world have used an illicit drug. The reasons for this use are multiple: e.g. to augment the sensation of pleasure or to reduce the withdrawal and other aversive effects of a given substance. This raises the problem of addiction, which remains a disease of modern society. This review offers a comprehensive update of the different theories about the etiology of addictive behaviors with emphasis on the neurobiological, environmental, psychopathological, behavioural and genetic aspects of addictions, discussed from an evolutionary perspective. The main conclusion of this review is that vulnerability to drug addiction suggests an interaction between many brain systems (including the reward, decision-making, serotonergic, oxytocin, interoceptive insula, CRF, norepinephrine, dynorphin/KOR, orexin and vasopressin systems), genetic predisposition, sociocultural context, impulsivity and drugs types. Further advances in biological and psychological science are needed to address the problems of addiction at its roots.
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Wen L, Yang Z, Cui W, Li MD. Crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence: update and subjects for future research. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e843. [PMID: 27327258 PMCID: PMC4931601 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death throughout the world. Nicotine, the primary addictive compound in tobacco, plays a vital role in the initiation and maintenance of its use. Nicotine exerts its pharmacological roles through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels consisting of five membrane-spanning subunits. Besides the CHRNA4, CHRNB2 and CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster on chromosome 15, which has been investigated intensively, recent evidence from both genome-wide association studies and candidate gene-based association studies has revealed the crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence (ND). These studies demonstrate two distinct loci within this region. The first one is tagged by rs13277254, upstream of the CHRNB3 gene, and the other is tagged by rs4952, a coding single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 5 of that gene. Functional studies by genetic manipulation in mice have shown that α6*-nAChRs, located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are of great importance in controlling nicotine self-administration. However, when the α6 subunit is selectively re-expressed in the VTA of the α6(-/-) mouse by a lentiviral vector, the reinforcing property of nicotine is restored. To further determine the role of α6*-nAChRs in the process of nicotine-induced reward and withdrawal, genetic knock-in strains have been examined, which showed that replacement of Leu with Ser in the 9' residue in the M2 domain of α6 produces nicotine-hypersensitive mice (α6 L9'S) with enhanced dopamine release. Moreover, nicotine-induced upregulation may be another ingredient in the pathology of nicotine addiction although the effect of chronic nicotine exposure on the expression of α6-containing receptors is controversial. To gain a better understanding of the pathological processes underlying ND and ND-related behaviors and to promote the development of effective smoking cessation therapies, we here present the most recent studies concerning the genetic effects of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster in ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - W Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - M D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Air Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China or Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. E-mail:
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Chan J, Oshiro T, Thomas S, Higa A, Black S, Todorovic A, Elbarbry F, Harrelson JP. Inactivation of CYP2A6 by the Dietary Phenylpropanoid trans-Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cinnamaldehyde) and Estimation of Interactions with Nicotine and Letrozole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:534-43. [PMID: 26851241 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to trans-cinnamic aldehyde [t-CA; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamal; (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enal] is common through diet and through the use of cinnamon powder for diabetes and to provide flavor and scent in commercial products. We evaluated the likelihood of t-CA to influence metabolism by inhibition of P450 enzymes. IC50 values from recombinant enzymes indicated that an interaction is most probable for CYP2A6 (IC50 = 6.1 µM). t-CA was 10.5-fold more selective for human CYP2A6 than for CYP2E1; IC50 values for P450s 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 were 15.8-fold higher or more. t-CA is a type I ligand for CYP2A6 (KS = 14.9 µM). Inhibition of CYP2A6 by t-CA was metabolism-dependent; inhibition required NADPH and increased with time. Glutathione lessened the extent of inhibition modestly and statistically significantly. The carbon monoxide binding spectrum was dramatically diminished after exposure to NADPH and t-CA, suggesting degradation of the heme or CYP2A6 apoprotein. Using a static model and mechanism-based inhibition parameters (K(I) = 18.0 µM; k(inact) = 0.056 minute(-1)), changes in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for nicotine and letrozole were predicted in the presence of t-CA (0.1 and 1 µM). The AUC fold-change ranged from 1.1 to 3.6. In summary, t-CA is a potential source of pharmacokinetic variability for CYP2A6 substrates due to metabolism-dependent inhibition, especially in scenarios when exposure to t-CA is elevated due to high dietary exposure, or when cinnamon is used as a treatment of specific disease states (e.g., diabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Chan
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Tyler Oshiro
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Allyson Higa
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Stephen Black
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Aleksandar Todorovic
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
| | - John P Harrelson
- Chemistry Department, Pacific University Oregon, Forest Grove, Oregon (J.C., T.O., A.H., S.B.); and School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, Oregon (S.T., A.H., S.B., A.T., F.E., J.P.H.)
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Melroy-Greif WE, Stitzel JA, Ehringer MA. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:89-107. [PMID: 26351737 PMCID: PMC4780670 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that exogenously bind nicotine. Nicotine produces rewarding effects by interacting with these receptors in the brain's reward system. Unlike other receptors, chronic stimulation by an agonist induces an upregulation of receptor number that is not due to increased gene expression in adults; while upregulation also occurs during development and adolescence there have been some opposing findings regarding a change in corresponding gene expression. These receptors have also been well studied with regard to human genetic associations and, based on evidence suggesting shared genetic liabilities between substance use disorders, numerous studies have pointed to a role for this system in comorbid drug use. This review will focus on upregulation of these receptors in adulthood, adolescence and development, as well as the findings from human genetic association studies which point to different roles for these receptors in risk for initiation and continuation of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E. Melroy-Greif
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerry A. Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
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Li H, Li S, Wang Q, Pan L, Jiang F, Yang X, Zhang N, Han M, Jia C. Association of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with smoking behaviors: A meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Perez E, Quijano-Cardé N, De Biasi M. Nicotinic Mechanisms Modulate Ethanol Withdrawal and Modify Time Course and Symptoms Severity of Simultaneous Withdrawal from Alcohol and Nicotine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2327-36. [PMID: 25790020 PMCID: PMC4538347 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are among the top causes of preventable death in the United States. Unfortunately, people who are dependent on alcohol are more likely to smoke than individuals in the general population. Similarly, smokers are more likely to abuse alcohol. Alcohol and nicotine codependence affects health in many ways and leads to poorer treatment outcomes in subjects who want to quit. This study examined the interaction of alcohol and nicotine during withdrawal and compared abstinence symptoms during withdrawal from one of the two drugs only vs both. Our results indicate that simultaneous withdrawal from alcohol and nicotine produces physical symptoms that are more severe and last longer than those experienced during withdrawal from one of the two drugs alone. In animals experiencing withdrawal after chronic ethanol treatment, acute nicotine exposure was sufficient to prevent abstinence symptoms. Similarly, symptoms were prevented when alcohol was injected acutely in mice undergoing nicotine withdrawal. These experiments provide evidence for the involvement of the nicotinic cholinergic system in alcohol withdrawal. Furthermore, the outcomes of intracranial microinfusions of mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic receptor antagonist, highlight a major role for the nicotinic receptors expressed in medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus during withdrawal. Overall, the data support the notion that modulating the nicotinic cholinergic system might help to maintain long-term abstinence from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Perez
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, CRB-217, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Tel: +1 215 898 9579, Fax: +1 215 573 0833, E-mail:
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46
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Checks and balances on cholinergic signaling in brain and body function. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:448-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gene network analysis shows immune-signaling and ERK1/2 as novel genetic markers for multiple addiction phenotypes: alcohol, smoking and opioid addiction. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:25. [PMID: 26044620 PMCID: PMC4456775 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Addictions to alcohol and tobacco, known risk factors for cancer, are complex heritable disorders. Addictive behaviors have a bidirectional relationship with pain. We hypothesize that the associations between alcohol, smoking, and opioid addiction observed in cancer patients have a genetic basis. Therefore, using bioinformatics tools, we explored the underlying genetic basis and identified new candidate genes and common biological pathways for smoking, alcohol, and opioid addiction. Results Literature search showed 56 genes associated with alcohol, smoking and opioid addiction. Using Core Analysis function in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, we found that ERK1/2 was strongly interconnected across all three addiction networks. Genes involved in immune signaling pathways were shown across all three networks. Connect function from IPA My Pathway toolbox showed that DRD2 is the gene common to both the list of genetic variations associated with all three addiction phenotypes and the components of the brain neuronal signaling network involved in substance addiction. The top canonical pathways associated with the 56 genes were: 1) calcium signaling, 2) GPCR signaling, 3) cAMP-mediated signaling, 4) GABA receptor signaling, and 5) G-alpha i signaling. Conlusions Cancer patients are often prescribed opioids for cancer pain thus increasing their risk for opioid abuse and addiction. Our findings provide candidate genes and biological pathways underlying addiction phenotypes, which may be future targets for treatment of addiction. Further study of the variations of the candidate genes could allow physicians to make more informed decisions when treating cancer pain with opioid analgesics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-015-0167-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Vandenbergh DJ, Schlomer GL, Cleveland HH, Schink AE, Hair KL, Feinberg ME, Neiderhiser JM, Greenberg MT, Spoth RL, Redmond C. An Adolescent Substance Prevention Model Blocks the Effect of CHRNA5 Genotype on Smoking During High School. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:212-20. [PMID: 25941207 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention intervention programs reduce substance use, including smoking, but not all individuals respond. We tested whether response to a substance use prevention/intervention program varies based upon a set of five markers (rs16969968, rs1948, rs578776, rs588765, and rs684513) within the cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes (CHRNA5/A3/B4). METHODS Participants (N = 424) were randomly assigned to either control condition, or a family-based intervention in grade 6 and a school-based drug preventive intervention in grade 7. Smoking in the past month was assessed in grades 9-12 using a four-point scale (0 = never smoked, 1 = smoked but not in last month, 2 = one or a few times, 3 = about once a week or more). RESULTS There was a main effect of both the intervention (b = -0.24, P < .05) and genotype at rs16969968 (b = 0.14, P < .05) on high school smoking. Using dummy coding to allow for nonlinear effects, individuals with the A/A genotype smoked more often than those with G/G (b = 0.33, P < .05). A genotype × intervention effect was found with reduced smoking among those with A/A and G/A genotypes to levels similar to those with the G/G genotype (G/G vs. A/A: b = -0.67, P < .05; A/G vs. A/A: b = -0.61, P < .05; G/G vs. A/G ns). Results were nonsignificant for the other four markers. CONCLUSIONS Preventive interventions can reduce the genetic risk for smoking from rs16969968.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA; Institute for the Neurosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA; Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Program, Penn State University, University Park, PA;
| | - Gabriel L Schlomer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - H Harrington Cleveland
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Alisa E Schink
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences Program, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kerry L Hair
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Mark T Greenberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA; Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Richard L Spoth
- Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Cleve Redmond
- Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Eicher JD, Stein CM, Deng F, Ciesla AA, Powers NR, Boada R, Smith SD, Pennington BF, Iyengar SK, Lewis BA, Gruen JR. The DYX2 locus and neurochemical signaling genes contribute to speech sound disorder and related neurocognitive domains. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:377-85. [PMID: 25778907 PMCID: PMC4492462 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A major milestone of child development is the acquisition and use of speech and language. Communication disorders, including speech sound disorder (SSD), can impair a child's academic, social and behavioral development. Speech sound disorder is a complex, polygenic trait with a substantial genetic component. However, specific genes that contribute to SSD remain largely unknown. To identify associated genes, we assessed the association of the DYX2 dyslexia risk locus and markers in neurochemical signaling genes (e.g., nicotinic and dopaminergic) with SSD and related endophenotypes. We first performed separate primary associations in two independent samples - Cleveland SSD (210 affected and 257 unaffected individuals in 127 families) and Denver SSD (113 affected individuals and 106 unaffected individuals in 85 families) - and then combined results by meta-analysis. DYX2 markers, specifically those in the 3' untranslated region of DCDC2 (P = 1.43 × 10(-4) ), showed the strongest associations with phonological awareness. We also observed suggestive associations of dopaminergic-related genes ANKK1 (P = 1.02 × 10(-2) ) and DRD2 (P = 9.22 × 10(-3) ) and nicotinic-related genes CHRNA3 (P = 2.51 × 10(-3) ) and BDNF (P = 8.14 × 10(-3) ) with case-control status and articulation. Our results further implicate variation in putative regulatory regions in the DYX2 locus, particularly in DCDC2, influencing language and cognitive traits. The results also support previous studies implicating variation in dopaminergic and nicotinic neural signaling influencing human communication and cognitive development. Our findings expand the literature showing genetic factors (e.g., DYX2) contributing to multiple related, yet distinct neurocognitive domains (e.g., dyslexia, language impairment, and SSD). How these factors interactively yield different neurocognitive and language-related outcomes remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Eicher
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Palmer RHC, Brick L, Nugent NR, Bidwell LC, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Keller MC. Examining the role of common genetic variants on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and illicit drug dependence: genetics of vulnerability to drug dependence. Addiction 2015; 110:530-7. [PMID: 25424661 PMCID: PMC4329043 DOI: 10.1111/add.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Twin and family studies suggest that genetic influences are shared across substances of abuse. However, despite evidence of heritability, genome-wide association and candidate gene studies have indicated numerous markers of limited effects, suggesting that much of the heritability remains missing. We estimated (1) the aggregate effect of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on multiple indicators of comorbid drug problems that are typically employed across community and population-based samples, and (2) the genetic covariance across these measures. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2596 unrelated subjects from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment provided information on alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, cannabis and other illicit substance dependence. Phenotypic measures included: (1) a factor score based on DSM-IV drug dependence diagnoses (DD), (2) a factor score based on problem use (PU; i.e. 1+ DSM-IV symptoms) and (3) dependence vulnerability (DV; a ratio of DSM-IV symptoms to the number of substances used). FINDINGS Univariate and bivariate genome-wide complex trait analyses of this selected sample indicated that common SNPs explained 25-36% of the variance across measures, with DD and DV having the largest effects [h(2) SNP (standard error) = 0.36 (0.13) and 0.33 (0.13), respectively; PU = 0.25 (0.13)]. Genetic effects were shared across the three phenotypic measures of comorbid drug problems [rDD-PU = 0.92 (0.08), rDD-DV = 0.97 (0.08) and rPU-DV = 0.96 (0.07)]. CONCLUSION At least 20% of the variance in the generalized vulnerability to substance dependence is attributable to common single nucleotide polymorphisms. The additive effect of common single nucleotide polymorphisms is shared across important indicators of comorbid drug problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H C Palmer
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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