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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Oluwole AO, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Sheridan MS, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Functional diversity among cardiolipin binding sites on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2. [PMID: 38839991 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-protein interactions play a multitude of essential roles in membrane homeostasis. Mitochondrial membranes have a unique lipid-protein environment that ensures bioenergetic efficiency. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature mitochondrial lipid, plays multiple roles in promoting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) exchanges ADP and ATP, enabling OXPHOS. AAC/ANT contains three tightly bound CLs, and these interactions are evolutionarily conserved. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in AAC/ANT using a combination of biochemical approaches, native mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of yeast Aac2 and established experimentally that the mutations disrupted the CL interactions. While all mutations destabilized Aac2 tertiary structure, transport activity was impaired in a binding site-specific manner. Additionally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in human ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Abraham O Oluwole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James A Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macie S Sheridan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eric R May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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Jones SA, Ruprecht JJ, Crichton PG, Kunji ERS. Structural mechanisms of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 regulation in thermogenesis. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:506-519. [PMID: 38565497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In mitochondria, the oxidation of nutrients is coupled to ATP synthesis by the generation of a protonmotive force across the mitochondrial inner membrane. In mammalian brown adipose tissue (BAT), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, SLC25A7), a member of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family, dissipates the protonmotive force by facilitating the return of protons to the mitochondrial matrix. This process short-circuits the mitochondrion, generating heat for non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human UCP1 have provided new molecular insights into the inhibition and activation of thermogenesis. Here, we discuss these structures, describing how purine nucleotides lock UCP1 in a proton-impermeable conformation and rationalizing potential conformational changes of this carrier in response to fatty acid activators that enable proton leak for thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jonathan J Ruprecht
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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4
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He Y, He T, Li H, Chen W, Zhong B, Wu Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Ma H, Wu B, Hu W, Han Z. Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116428. [PMID: 38599056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics-plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, China
| | - Hongpei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Runming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Ma
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Goyal S, Cambronne XA. Layered mechanisms regulating the human mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A51. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1989-2004. [PMID: 38108469 PMCID: PMC10802112 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
SLC25A51 is the primary mitochondrial NAD+ transporter in humans and controls many local reactions by mediating the influx of oxidized NAD+. Intriguingly, SLC25A51 lacks several key features compared with other members in the mitochondrial carrier family, thus its molecular mechanism has been unclear. A deeper understanding would shed light on the control of cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle, and free NAD+ concentrations in mammalian mitochondria. This review discusses recent insights into the transport mechanism of SLC25A51, and in the process highlights a multitiered regulation that governs NAD+ transport. The aspects regulating SLC25A51 import activity can be categorized as contributions from (1) structural characteristics of the transporter itself, (2) its microenvironment, and (3) distinctive properties of the transported ligand. These unique mechanisms further evoke compelling new ideas for modulating the activity of this transporter, as well as new mechanistic models for the mitochondrial carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Xiaolu A. Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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6
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Cheng L, Deepak RK, Wang G, Meng Z, Tao L, Xie M, Chi W, Zhang Y, Yang M, Liao Y, Chen R, Liang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Wang W, Guo Z, Wang Y, Lin JD, Fan H, Chen L. Hepatic mitochondrial NAD + transporter SLC25A47 activates AMPKα mediating lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2023; 78:1828-1842. [PMID: 36804859 PMCID: PMC10653290 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS SLC25A47 was initially identified as a mitochondrial HCC-downregulated carrier protein, but its physiological functions and transport substrates are unknown. We aimed to investigate the physiological role of SLC25A47 in hepatic metabolism. APPROACH RESULTS In the treatment of hepatocytes with metformin, we found that metformin can transcriptionally activate the expression of Slc25a47 , which is required for AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) phosphorylation. Slc25a47 -deficient mice had increased hepatic lipid content, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and we found that Slc25a47 deficiency suppressed AMPKα phosphorylation and led to an increased accumulation of nuclear SREBPs, with elevated fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic activities. Conversely, when Slc25a47 was overexpressed in mouse liver, AMPKα was activated and resulted in the inhibition of lipogenesis. Moreover, using a diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse HCC model, we found that the deletion of Slc25a47 promoted HCC tumorigenesis and development through the activated mammalian target of rapamycin cascade. Employing homology modeling of SLC25A47 and virtual screening of the human metabolome database, we demonstrated that NAD + was an endogenous substrate for SLC25A47, and the activity of NAD + -dependent sirtuin 3 declined in Slc25a47 -deficient mice, followed by inactivation of AMPKα. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that SLC25A47, a hepatocyte-specific mitochondrial NAD + transporter, is one of the pharmacological targets of metformin and regulates lipid homeostasis through AMPKα, and may serve as a potential drug target for treating NAFLD and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - R.N.V. Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Ziyi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Lei Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Mengqing Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Wenna Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Mingming Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Yilie Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Yuedong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Weihua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandie D. Lin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Woyda-Ploszczyca AM. Direct and indirect targets of carboxyatractyloside, including overlooked toxicity toward nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and mitochondrial H + leak. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:372-390. [PMID: 36799406 PMCID: PMC9946330 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The toxicity of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside is generally well recognized and commonly ascribed to the inhibition of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers, which are pivotal for oxidative phosphorylation. However, these glycosides may 'paralyze' additional target proteins. OBJECTIVE This review presents many facts about atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside and their plant producers, such as Xanthium spp. (Asteraceae), named cockleburs. METHODS Published studies and other information were obtained from databases, such as 'CABI - Invasive Species Compendium', 'PubMed', and 'The World Checklist of Vascular Plants', from 1957 to December 2022. The following major keywords were used: 'carboxyatractyloside', 'cockleburs', 'hepatotoxicity', 'mitochondria', 'nephrotoxicity', and 'Xanthium'. RESULTS In the third decade of the twenty first century, public awareness of the severe toxicity of cockleburs is still limited. Such toxicity is often only perceived by specialists in Europe and other continents. Interestingly, cocklebur is among the most widely distributed invasive plants worldwide, and the recognition of new European stands of Xanthium spp. is provided here. The findings arising from field and laboratory research conducted by the author revealed that (i) some livestock populations may instinctively avoid eating cocklebur while grazing, (ii) carboxyatractyloside inhibits ADP/GDP metabolism, and (iii) the direct/indirect target proteins of carboxyatractyloside are ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS Many aspects of the Xanthium genus still require substantial investigation/revision in the future, such as the unification of the Latin nomenclature of currently distinguished species, bur morphology status, true fruit (achene) description and biogeography of cockleburs, and a detailed description of the physiological roles of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside and the toxicity of these glycosides, mainly toward mammals. Therefore, a more careful interpretation of atractyloside/carboxyatractyloside data, including laboratory tests using Xanthium-derived extracts and purified toxins, is needed.
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Jacobsen L, Lydersen L, Khandelia H. ATP-Bound State of the Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) from Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9685-9696. [PMID: 37921649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) dissipates the transmembrane (TM) proton gradient in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by leaking protons across the membrane and producing heat in the process. Such a nonshivering production of heat in the brown adipose tissue can combat obesity-related diseases. UCP1-associated proton leak is activated by free fatty acids and inhibited by purine nucleotides. The mechanism of proton leak and the binding sites of the activators (fatty acids) remain unknown, while the binding site of the inhibitors (nucleotides) was described recently. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we generated a conformational ensemble of UCP1. Using metadynamics-based free energy calculations, we obtained the most likely ATP-bound conformation of UCP1. Our conformational ensemble provides a molecular basis for a breadth of prior biochemical data available for UCP1. Based on the simulations, we make the following testable predictions about the mechanisms of activation of proton leak and proton leak inhibition by ATP: (1) R277 plays the dual role of stabilizing ATP at the binding site for inhibition and acting as a proton surrogate for D28 in the absence of a proton during proton transport, (2) the binding of ATP to UCP1 is mediated by residues R84, R92, R183, and S88, (3) R92 shuttles ATP from the E191-R92 gate in the intermembrane space to the nucleotide binding site and serves to increase ATP affinity, (4) ATP can inhibit proton leak by controlling the ionization states of matrix facing lysine residues such as K269 and K56, and (5) fatty acids can bind to UCP1 from the IMM either via the cavity between TM1 and TM2 or between TM5 and TM6. Our simulations set the platform for future investigations into the proton transport and inhibition mechanisms of UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Jacobsen
- PhyLife: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Laura Lydersen
- PhyLife: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- PhyLife: Physical Life Science, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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9
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Mishra G, Coyne LP, Chen XJ. Adenine nucleotide carrier protein dysfunction in human disease. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:911-925. [PMID: 37449547 PMCID: PMC10592433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is the prototypical member of the mitochondrial carrier protein family, primarily involved in ADP/ATP exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several carrier proteins evolutionarily related to ANT, including SLC25A24 and SLC25A25, are believed to promote the exchange of cytosolic ATP-Mg2+ with phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix. They allow a net accumulation of adenine nucleotides inside mitochondria, which is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and cell growth. In the last two decades, mutations in the heart/muscle isoform 1 of ANT (ANT1) and the ATP-Mg2+ transporters have been found to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases by a recessive or dominant mechanism. Although loss-of-function recessive mutations cause a defect in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in oxidative stress which drives the pathology, it is unclear how the dominant missense mutations in these proteins cause human diseases. In this review, we focus on how yeast was productively used as a model system for the understanding of these dominant diseases. We also describe the relationship between the structure and function of ANT and how this may relate to various pathologies. Particularly, mutations in Aac2, the yeast homolog of ANT, were recently found to clog the mitochondrial protein import pathway. This leads to mitochondrial precursor overaccumulation stress (mPOS), characterized by the toxic accumulation of unimported mitochondrial proteins in the cytosol. We anticipate that in coming years, yeast will continue to serve as a useful model system for the mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial protein import clogging and related pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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10
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Nesci S. Proton leak through the UCPs and ANT carriers and beyond: A breath for the electron transport chain. Biochimie 2023; 214:77-85. [PMID: 37336388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce heat as a result of an ineffective H+ cycling of mitochondria respiration across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This event present in all mitochondria, known as proton leak, can decrease protonmotive force (Δp) and restore mitochondrial respiration by partially uncoupling the substrate oxidation from the ADP phosphorylation. During impaired conditions of ATP generation with F1FO-ATPase, the Δp increases and IMM is hyperpolarized. In this bioenergetic state, the respiratory complexes support H+ transport until the membrane potential stops the H+ pump activity. Consequently, the electron transfer is stalled and the reduced form of electron carriers of the respiratory chain can generate O2∙¯ triggering the cascade of ROS formation and oxidative stress. The physiological function to attenuate the production of O2∙¯ by Δp dissipation can be attributed to the proton leak supported by the translocases of IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
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11
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Tempra C, Brkljača Z, Vazdar M. Why do polyarginines adsorb at neutral phospholipid bilayers and polylysines do not? An insight from density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27204-27214. [PMID: 37791394 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02411c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) at cellular membranes is the first and necessary step for their subsequent translocation across cellular membranes into the cytosol. It has been experimentally shown that CPPs rich in arginine (Arg) amino acid penetrate across phospholipid bilayers more effectively than their lysine (Lys) rich counterparts. In this work, we aim to understand the differences in the first translocation step, adsorption of Arg9 and Lys9 peptides at fully hydrated neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid bilayers and evaluate in detail the energetics of the process using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations of adsorption of the single peptide. We show that the adsorption of Arg9 is energetically feasible, with the free energy of adsorption being ∼-5.0 kcal mol-1 at PC and ∼-5.5 kcal mol-1 at PE bilayers. In contrast, adsorption of Lys9 is not observed at PC bilayers, and their adsorption at PE bilayers is very weak, being ∼-0.5 kcal mol-1. We show by energy decomposition and analysis of peptide hydration along the membrane that significantly stronger electrostatic interactions of Arg9 with lipid phosphate groups, together with the greater loss of peptide hydration (and in turn stronger hydrophobic interactions) along the membrane translocation path, are the main driving factors governing the adsorption of Arg-rich peptides at neutral lipid bilayers in contrast to Lys-rich peptides. Finally, we also compare the energetics in lipid/bilayer systems with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the corresponding model systems in the continuum water model and reveal the energetic differences in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Tempra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics, and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Goyal S, Paspureddi A, Lu M, Chan H, Lyons SN, Wilson CN, Niere M, Ziegler M, Cambronne XA. Dynamics of SLC25A51 reveal preference for oxidized NAD + and substrate led transport. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56596. [PMID: 37575034 PMCID: PMC10561365 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC25A51 is a member of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) but lacks key residues that contribute to the mechanism of other nucleotide MCF transporters. Thus, how SLC25A51 transports NAD+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane remains unclear. To elucidate its mechanism, we use Molecular Dynamics simulations to reconstitute SLC25A51 homology models into lipid bilayers and to generate hypotheses to test. We observe spontaneous binding of cardiolipin phospholipids to three distinct sites on the exterior of SLC25A51's central pore and find that mutation of these sites impairs cardiolipin binding and transporter activity. We also observe that stable formation of the required matrix gate is controlled by a single salt bridge. We identify binding sites in SLC25A51 for NAD+ and show that its selectivity for NAD+ is guided by an electrostatic interaction between the charged nicotinamide ring in the ligand and a negatively charged patch in the pore. In turn, interaction of NAD+ with interior residue E132 guides the ligand to dynamically engage and weaken the salt bridge gate, representing a ligand-induced initiation of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivansh Goyal
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | | | - Mu‐Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Hsin‐Ru Chan
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Scott N Lyons
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Crystal N Wilson
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
| | - Marc Niere
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
- Livestrong Cancer InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA
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13
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Herrnhold M, Hamp I, Plettenburg O, Jastroch M, Keuper M. Adverse bioenergetic effects of N-acyl amino acids in human adipocytes overshadow beneficial mitochondrial uncoupling. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102874. [PMID: 37683300 PMCID: PMC10493596 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhancing energy turnover via uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue has great potential to improve human obesity and other metabolic complications. However, the amount of human brown adipose tissue and its uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is low in obese patients. Recently, a class of endogenous molecules, N-acyl amino acids (NAAs), was identified as mitochondrial uncouplers in murine adipocytes, presumably acting via the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Given the translational potential, we investigated the bioenergetic effects of NAAs in human adipocytes, characterizing beneficial and adverse effects, dose ranges, amino acid derivatives and underlying mechanisms. METHOD NAAs with neutral (phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine) and polar (lysine) residues were synthetized and assessed in intact and permeabilized human adipocytes using plate-based respirometry. The Seahorse technology was applied to measure bioenergetic parameters, dose-dependency, interference with UCP1 and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) activity, as well as differences to the established chemical uncouplers niclosamide ethanolamine (NEN) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). RESULT NAAs with neutral amino acid residues potently induce uncoupled respiration in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of the UCP1-inhibitor guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and the ANT-inhibitor carboxyatractylate (CAT). However, neutral NAAs significantly reduce maximal oxidation rates, mitochondrial ATP-production, coupling efficiency and reduce adipocyte viability at concentrations above 25 μM. The in vitro therapeutic index (using induced proton leak and viability as determinants) of NAAs is lower than that of NEN and DNP. CONCLUSION NAAs are potent mitochondrial uncouplers in human adipocytes, independent of UCP1 and ANT. However, previously unnoticed adverse effects harm adipocyte functionality, reduce the therapeutic index of NAAs in vitro and therefore question their suitability as anti-obesity agents without further chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Herrnhold
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hamp
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela Keuper
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kreiter J, Škulj S, Brkljača Z, Bardakji S, Vazdar M, Pohl EE. FA Sliding as the Mechanism for the ANT1-Mediated Fatty Acid Anion Transport in Lipid Bilayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13701. [PMID: 37762012 PMCID: PMC10531397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) exchanges ADP for ATP to maintain energy production in the cell. Its protonophoric function in the presence of long-chain fatty acids (FA) is also recognized. Our previous results imply that proton/FA transport can be best described with the FA cycling model, in which protonated FA transports the proton to the mitochondrial matrix. The mechanism by which ANT1 transports FA anions back to the intermembrane space remains unclear. Using a combined approach involving measurements of the current through the planar lipid bilayers reconstituted with ANT1, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the FA anion is first attracted by positively charged arginines or lysines on the matrix side of ANT1 before moving along the positively charged protein-lipid interface and binding to R79, where it is protonated. We show that R79 is also critical for the competitive binding of ANT1 substrates (ADP and ATP) and inhibitors (carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid). The binding sites are well conserved in mitochondrial SLC25 members, suggesting a general mechanism for transporting FA anions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kreiter
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (S.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Sanja Škulj
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (S.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sarah Bardakji
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (S.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics, and Cybernetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena E. Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (J.K.); (S.Š.); (S.B.)
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15
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Keller A, Tang X, Bruce JE. Integrated Analysis of Cross-Links and Dead-End Peptides for Enhanced Interpretation of Quantitative XL-MS. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2900-2908. [PMID: 37552582 PMCID: PMC10866149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry provides low-resolution structural information on proteins in cells and tissues. Combined with quantitation, it can identify changes in the interactome between samples, for example, control and drug-treated cells or young and old mice. A difference can originate from protein conformational changes that alter the solvent-accessible distance separating the cross-linked residues. Alternatively, a difference can result from conformational changes localized to the cross-linked residues, for example, altering the solvent exposure or reactivity of those residues or post-translational modifications of the cross-linked peptides. In this manner, cross-linking is sensitive to a variety of protein conformational features. Dead-end peptides are cross-links attached only at one end to a protein with the other terminus being hydrolyzed. As a result, changes in their abundance reflect only conformational changes localized to the attached residue. For this reason, analyzing both quantified cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can help elucidate the likely conformational changes giving rise to observed differences in cross-link abundance. We describe analysis of dead-end peptides in the XLinkDB public cross-link database and, with quantified mitochondrial data isolated from failing heart versus healthy mice, show how a comparison of abundance ratios between cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can be leveraged to reveal possible conformational explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
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16
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Byrne KL, Szeligowski RV, Shen H. Phylogenetic Analysis Guides Transporter Protein Deorphanization: A Case Study of the SLC25 Family of Mitochondrial Metabolite Transporters. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1314. [PMID: 37759714 PMCID: PMC10526428 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homology search and phylogenetic analysis have commonly been used to annotate gene function, although they are prone to error. We hypothesize that the power of homology search in functional annotation depends on the coupling of sequence variation to functional diversification, and we herein focus on the SoLute Carrier (SLC25) family of mitochondrial metabolite transporters to survey this coupling in a family-wide manner. The SLC25 family is the largest family of mitochondrial metabolite transporters in eukaryotes that translocate ligands of different chemical properties, ranging from nucleotides, amino acids, carboxylic acids and cofactors, presenting adequate experimentally validated functional diversification in ligand transport. Here, we combine phylogenetic analysis to profile SLC25 transporters across common eukaryotic model organisms, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, to Homo sapiens, and assess their sequence adaptations to the transported ligands within individual subfamilies. Using several recently studied and poorly characterized SLC25 transporters, we discuss the potentials and limitations of phylogenetic analysis in guiding functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Byrne
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Yale College, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Richard V. Szeligowski
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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17
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Pan J, Qiu Q, Kumar D, Xu J, Tong X, Shen Z, Zhu M, Hu X, Gong C. Interaction between Bombyx mori Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus NSP8 and BmAgo2 Inhibits RNA Interference and Enhances Virus Proliferation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0493822. [PMID: 37341621 PMCID: PMC10434170 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04938-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some insect viruses encode suppressors of RNA interference (RNAi) to counteract the antiviral RNAi pathway. However, it is unknown whether Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) encodes an RNAi suppressor. In this study, the presence of viral small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) in BmN cells infected with BmCPV was confirmed by small RNA sequencing. The Dual-Luciferase reporter test demonstrated that BmCPV infection may prevent firefly luciferase (Luc) gene silencing caused by particular short RNA. It was also established that the inhibition relied on the nonstructural protein NSP8, which suggests that NSP8 was a possible RNAi suppressor. In cultured BmN cells, the expressions of viral structural protein 1 (vp1) and NSP9 were triggered by overexpression of nsp8, suggesting that BmCPV proliferation was enhanced by NSP8. A pulldown assay was conducted with BmCPV genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) labeled with biotin. The mass spectral detection of NSP8 in the pulldown complex suggests that NSP8 is capable of direct binding to BmCPV genomic dsRNA. The colocalization of NSP8 and B. mori Argonaute 2 (BmAgo2) was detected by an immunofluorescence assay, leading to the hypothesis that NSP8 interacts with BmAgo2. Coimmunoprecipitation further supported the present investigation. Moreover, vasa intronic protein, a component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), could be detected in the coprecipitation complex of NSP8 by mass spectrum analysis. NSP8 and the mRNA decapping protein (Dcp2) were also discovered to colocalize to processing bodies (P bodies) for RNAi-mediated gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These findings revealed that by interacting with BmAgo2 and suppressing RNAi, NSP8 promoted BmCPV growth. IMPORTANCE It has been reported that the RNAi pathway is inhibited by binding RNAi suppressors encoded by some insect-specific viruses belonging to Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, or Birnaviridae to dsRNAs to protect dsRNAs from being cut by Dicer-2. However, it is unknown whether BmCPV, belonging to Spinareoviridae, encodes an RNAi suppressor. In this study, we found that nonstructural protein NSP8 encoded by BmCPV inhibits small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced RNAi and that NSP8, as an RNAi suppressor, can bind to viral dsRNAs and interact with BmAgo2. Moreover, vasa intronic protein, a component of RISC, was found to interact with NSP8. Heterologously expressed NSP8 and Dcp2 were colocalized to P bodies in yeast. These results indicated that NSP8 promoted BmCPV proliferation by binding itself to BmCPV genomic dsRNAs and interacting with BmAgo2 through suppression of siRNA-induced RNAi. Our findings deepen our understanding of the game between BmCPV and silkworm in regulating viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qunnan Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Skulachev VP, Vyssokikh MY, Chernyak BV, Mulkidjanian AY, Skulachev MV, Shilovsky GA, Lyamzaev KG, Borisov VB, Severin FF, Sadovnichii VA. Six Functions of Respiration: Isn't It Time to Take Control over ROS Production in Mitochondria, and Aging Along with It? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12540. [PMID: 37628720 PMCID: PMC10454651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular respiration is associated with at least six distinct but intertwined biological functions. (1) biosynthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, (2) consumption of respiratory substrates, (3) support of membrane transport, (4) conversion of respiratory energy to heat, (5) removal of oxygen to prevent oxidative damage, and (6) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules. Here we focus on function #6, which helps the organism control its mitochondria. The ROS bursts typically occur when the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) becomes too high, e.g., due to mitochondrial malfunction, leading to cardiolipin (CL) oxidation. Depending on the intensity of CL damage, specific programs for the elimination of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), whole cells (apoptosis), or organisms (phenoptosis) can be activated. In particular, we consider those mechanisms that suppress ROS generation by enabling ATP synthesis at low MMP levels. We discuss evidence that the mild depolarization mechanism of direct ATP/ADP exchange across mammalian inner and outer mitochondrial membranes weakens with age. We review recent data showing that by protecting CL from oxidation, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants decrease lethality in response to many potentially deadly shock insults. Thus, targeting ROS- and CL-dependent pathways may prevent acute mortality and, hopefully, slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
| | - Mikhail Yu. Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
| | | | - Maxim V. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gregory A. Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
- The “Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
| | - Fedor F. Severin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.P.S.); (M.Y.V.); (B.V.C.); (M.V.S.); (G.A.S.); (K.G.L.); (F.F.S.)
| | - Victor A. Sadovnichii
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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19
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Tavoulari S, Sichrovsky M, Kunji ERS. Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure, function, and inhibition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14016. [PMID: 37366179 PMCID: PMC10909473 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero-dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Tavoulari
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maximilian Sichrovsky
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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20
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Qi X, Rusch NJ, Fan J, Mora CJ, Xie L, Mu S, Rabinovitch PS, Zhang H. Mitochondrial proton leak in cardiac aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2135-2143. [PMID: 36856945 PMCID: PMC10651624 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are becoming progressively more prevalent, reflecting the increased lifespan of the world's population. However, the fundamental mechanisms of physiologic aging are poorly understood, and in particular, the molecular pathways that mediate cardiac aging and its associated dysfunction are unclear. Here, we focus on certain ion flux abnormalities of the mitochondria that may contribute to cardiac aging and age-related heart failure. Using oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space to generate a proton gradient across the inner membrane. The protons are returned to the matrix by the ATPase complex within the membrane to generate ATP. However, a portion of protons leak back to the matrix and do not drive ATP production, and this event is called proton leak or uncoupling. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial proton leak is increased in the cardiac myocytes of aged hearts. In this mini-review, we discuss the measurement methods and major sites of mitochondrial proton leak with an emphasis on the adenine nucleotide transporter 1 (ANT1), and explore the possibility of inhibiting augmented mitochondrial proton leak as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Qi
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, USA
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Christoph J Mora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Lixin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
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21
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Li Y, Yu G, Shi L, Zhao L, Wen Z, Kan B, Jian X. Multiorgan failure caused by Chinese herbal medicine Xanthii Fructus poisoning: a case report. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 37525199 PMCID: PMC10388452 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthii Fructus was used in the treatment of rhinitis and related nasal disease. It is the most commonly used chemically active component in compounds formulated for the treatment of rhinitis. However, poisoning, resulting in serious consequences, can easily occur owing to cocklebur overdose, improper processing, or usage without processing. CASE PRESENTATION We reported on a 55-year-old man who experienced allergic rhinitis for 2.5 years. He ingested unprocessed Xanthii Fructus for 2 months as treatment. However, he developed anorexia; nausea; abdominal pain; general weakness; hiccups; oliguria and anuria; significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine levels; and abnormalities in blood coagulation series. Nutritional support; daily drugs for liver protection, gastric protection, inflammation reduction; fresh plasma; and cryoprecipitate infusion were administered. Continuous venovenous hemodialysis (Prismaflex ST100) was also administered. However, the patient's multiple organ failure gradually worsened, ultimately leading to death. CONCLUSION Xanthii Fructus poisoning affects multiple systems, and its clinical manifestations are complex. Therefore, it is easily misdiagnosed and missed. Along with careful inquiry of medical and medication history, early diagnosis and intervention are vital for a successful treatment. It is also important to educate people and create awareness about this poisoning. Therefore, this intractable case has great clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guangcai Yu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Longke Shi
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zixin Wen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Baotian Kan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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22
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Hoogstraten CA, Jacobs MME, de Boer G, van de Wal MAE, Koopman WJH, Smeitink JAM, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Metabolic impact of genetic and chemical ADP/ATP carrier inhibition in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1927-1941. [PMID: 37154957 PMCID: PMC10256673 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is pivotal in drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Transport proteins embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane form a significant class of potential drug off-targets. So far, most transporter-drug interactions have been reported for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). Since it remains unknown to what extent AAC contributes to drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI, we here aimed to better understand the functional role of AAC in the energy metabolism of human renal proximal tubular cells. To this end, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to generate AAC3-/- human conditionally immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. This AAC3-/- cell model was characterized with respect to mitochondrial function and morphology. To explore whether this model could provide first insights into (mitochondrial) adverse drug effects with suspicion towards AAC-mediated mechanisms, wild-type and knockout cells were exposed to established AAC inhibitors, after which cellular metabolic activity and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were measured. Two AAC3-/- clones showed a significant reduction in ADP import and ATP export rates and mitochondrial mass, without influencing overall morphology. AAC3-/- clones exhibited reduced ATP production, oxygen consumption rates and metabolic spare capacity was particularly affected, mainly in conditions with galactose as carbon source. Chemical AAC inhibition was stronger compared to genetic inhibition in AAC3-/-, suggesting functional compensation by remaining AAC isoforms in our knockout model. In conclusion, our results indicate that ciPTEC-OAT1 cells have a predominantly oxidative phenotype that was not additionally activated by switching energy source. Genetic inhibition of AAC3 particularly impacted mitochondrial spare capacity, without affecting mitochondrial morphology, suggesting an important role for AAC in maintaining the metabolic spare respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike M E Jacobs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de Boer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa A E van de Wal
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Khondrion BV, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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23
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Zítek J, King MS, Peña-Diaz P, Pyrihová E, King AC, Kunji ERS, Hampl V. The free-living flagellate Paratrimastix pyriformis uses a distinct mitochondrial carrier to balance adenine nucleotide pools. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109638. [PMID: 37192692 PMCID: PMC10251735 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Paratrimastix pyriformis is a free-living flagellate thriving in low-oxygen freshwater sediments. It belongs to the group Metamonada along with human parasites, such as Giardia and Trichomonas. Like other metamonads, P. pyriformis has a mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) which in this protist is primarily involved in one-carbon folate metabolism. The MRO contains four members of the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) responsible for the exchange of metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, we characterise the function of the adenine nucleotide carrier PpMC1 by thermostability shift and transport assays. We show that it transports ATP, ADP and, to a lesser extent, AMP, but not phosphate. The carrier is distinct in function and origin from both ADP/ATP carriers and ATP-Mg/phosphate carriers, and it most likely represents a distinct class of adenine nucleotide carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zítek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Martin S King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Priscila Peña-Diaz
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pyrihová
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom; University of Stavanger, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, And Environmental Engineering, Richard Johnsens Gate 4, N-4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alannah C King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic.
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24
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Qian J, Zhao T, Guo L, Li S, He Z, He M, Shen B, Fang R. Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier 1 Is Important for the Growth of Toxoplasma Tachyzoites. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0004023. [PMID: 37154708 PMCID: PMC10269819 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00040-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism associated with energy production is highly compartmentalized in eukaryotic cells. During this process, transporters that move metabolites across organelle membranes play pivotal roles. The highly conserved ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) involved in ATP and ADP exchange between the mitochondria and cytoplasm is key to linking the metabolic activities in these 2 compartments. The ATP produced in mitochondria can be exchanged with cytoplasmic ADP by AAC, thus satisfying the energy needs in the cytoplasm. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite with a wide range of hosts. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism helps Toxoplasma to parasitize diverse host cells. Here, we identified 2 putative mitochondria ADP/ATP carriers in Toxoplasma with significant sequence similarity to known AACs from other eukaryotes. We examined the ATP transport function of TgAACs by expressing them in Escherichia coli cells and found that only TgAAC1 had ATP transport activity. Moreover, knockdown of TgAAC1 caused severe growth defects of parasites and heterologous expression of mouse ANT2 in the TgAAC1 depletion mutant restored its growth, revealing its importance for parasite growth. These results verified that TgAAC1 functions as the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in T. gondii and the functional studies demonstrated the importance of TgAAC1 for tachyzoites growth. IMPORTANCE T. gondii has an efficient and flexible energy metabolism system to meet different growth needs. ATP is an energy-carrying molecule and needs to be exchanged between organelles with the assistance of transporters. However, the function of TgAACs has yet to be characterized. Here, we identified 2 putative AACs of T. gondii and verified that only TgAAC1 had ATP transport activity with expression in the intact E. coli cells. Detailed analyses found that TgAAC1 is critical for the growth of tachyzoites and TgAAC2 is dispensable. Moreover, complementation with mouse ANT2 restored the growth speed of iTgAAC1, further suggesting TgAAC1 functions as a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Our research demonstrated the importance of TgAAC1 for tachyzoites growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Senyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengming He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Tzortzini E, Kolocouris A. Molecular Biophysics of Class A G Protein Coupled Receptors-Lipids Interactome at a Glance-Highlights from the A 2A Adenosine Receptor. Biomolecules 2023; 13:957. [PMID: 37371538 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are embedded in phospholipid membrane bilayers with cholesterol representing 34% of the total lipid content in mammalian plasma membranes. Membrane lipids interact with GPCRs structures and modulate their function and drug-stimulated signaling through conformational selection. It has been shown that anionic phospholipids form strong interactions between positively charged residues in the G protein and the TM5-TM6-TM 7 cytoplasmic interface of class A GPCRs stabilizing the signaling GPCR-G complex. Cholesterol with a high content in plasma membranes can be identified in more specific sites in the transmembrane region of GPCRs, such as the Cholesterol Consensus Motif (CCM) and Cholesterol Recognition Amino Acid Consensus (CRAC) motifs and other receptor dependent and receptor state dependent sites. Experimental biophysical methods, atomistic (AA) MD simulations and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations have been applied to investigate these interactions. We emphasized here the impact of phosphatidyl inositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PIP2), a minor phospholipid component and of cholesterol on the function-related conformational equilibria of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR), a representative receptor in class A GPCR. Several GPCRs of class A interacted with PIP2 and cholesterol and in many cases the mechanism of the modulation of their function remains unknown. This review provides a helpful comprehensive overview for biophysics that enter the field of GPCRs-lipid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efpraxia Tzortzini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Kolocouris
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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26
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Jones SA, Gogoi P, Ruprecht JJ, King MS, Lee Y, Zögg T, Pardon E, Chand D, Steimle S, Copeman DM, Cotrim CA, Steyaert J, Crichton PG, Moiseenkova-Bell V, Kunji ER. Structural basis of purine nucleotide inhibition of human uncoupling protein 1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4251. [PMID: 37256948 PMCID: PMC10413660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gives brown adipose tissue of mammals its specialized ability to burn calories as heat for thermoregulation. When activated by fatty acids, UCP1 catalyzes the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, short-circuiting the mitochondrion to generate heat, bypassing ATP synthesis. In contrast, purine nucleotides bind and inhibit UCP1, regulating proton leak by a molecular mechanism that is unclear. We present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the GTP-inhibited state of UCP1, which is consistent with its nonconducting state. The purine nucleotide cross-links the transmembrane helices of UCP1 with an extensive interaction network. Our results provide a structural basis for understanding the specificity and pH dependency of the regulatory mechanism. UCP1 has retained all of the key functional and structural features required for a mitochondrial carrier-like transport mechanism. The analysis shows that inhibitor binding prevents the conformational changes that UCP1 uses to facilitate proton leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Prerana Gogoi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 10-124 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Ruprecht
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin S. King
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yang Lee
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Zögg
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deepak Chand
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan Steimle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle M. Copeman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Camila A. Cotrim
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul G. Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 10-124 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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27
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Johnson ET, Lyon R, Zaitlin D, Khan AB, Jairajpuri MA. A comparison of transporter gene expression in three species of Peronospora plant pathogens during host infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285685. [PMID: 37262030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein transporters move essential metabolites across membranes in all living organisms. Downy mildew causing plant pathogens are biotrophic oomycetes that transport essential nutrients from their hosts to grow. Little is known about the functions and gene expression levels of membrane transporters produced by downy mildew causing pathogens during infection of their hosts. Approximately 170-190 nonredundant transporter genes were identified in the genomes of Peronospora belbahrii, Peronospora effusa, and Peronospora tabacina, which are specialized pathogens of basil, spinach, and tobacco, respectively. The largest groups of transporter genes in each species belonged to the major facilitator superfamily, mitochondrial carriers (MC), and the drug/metabolite transporter group. Gene expression of putative Peronospora transporters was measured using RNA sequencing data at two time points following inoculation onto leaves of their hosts. There were 16 transporter genes, seven of which were MCs, expressed in each Peronospora species that were among the top 45 most highly expressed transporter genes 5-7 days after inoculation. Gene transcripts encoding the ADP/ATP translocase and the mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein were the most abundant mRNAs detected in each Peronospora species. This study found a number of Peronospora genes that are likely critical for pathogenesis and which might serve as future targets for control of these devastating plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Unit, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lyon
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Unit, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Zaitlin
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Abdul Burhan Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
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28
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Keller A, Tang X, Bruce JE. Integrated Analysis of Cross-Links and Dead-End Peptides for Enhanced Interpretation of Quantitative XL-MS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542474. [PMID: 37398466 PMCID: PMC10312474 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
XL-MS provides low-resolution structural information of proteins in cells and tissues. Combined with quantitation, it can identify changes in the interactome between samples, for example, control and drug-treated cells, or young and old mice. A difference can originate from protein conformational changes altering the solvent-accessible distance separating the cross-linked residues. Alternatively, a difference can result from conformational changes localized to the cross-linked residues, for example, altering the solvent exposure or reactivity of those residues or post-translational modifications on the cross-linked peptides. In this manner, cross-linking is sensitive to a variety of protein conformational features. Dead-end peptides are cross-links attached only at one end to a protein, the other terminus being hydrolyzed. As a result, changes in their abundance reflect only conformational changes localized to the attached residue. For this reason, analyzing both quantified cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can help elucidate the likely conformational changes giving rise to observed differences of cross-link abundance. We describe analysis of dead-end peptides in the XLinkDB public cross-link database and, with quantified mitochondrial data isolated from failing heart versus healthy mice, show how a comparison of abundance ratios between cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can be leveraged to reveal possible conformational explanations.
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29
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Ji X, Chu L, Su D, Sun J, Song P, Sun S, Wang Y, Mu Q, Liu Y, Wan Q. MRPL12-ANT3 interaction involves in acute kidney injury via regulating MPTP of tubular epithelial cells. iScience 2023; 26:106656. [PMID: 37182101 PMCID: PMC10173734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disease with no effective treatment. Abnormal opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is an important pathological process in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), the key factor of AKI. It is essential to elucidate MPTP regulation mechanism. Here, we identified mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7/L12 (MRPL12) specifically binds to adenosine nucleotide translocase 3 (ANT3) under normal physiological conditions, stabilizes MPTP and maintains mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). During AKI, MRPL12 expression was significantly decreased in TECs, and MRPL12-ANT3 interaction was reduced, leading to ANT3 conformation change, MPTP abnormal opening, and cell apoptosis. Importantly, MRPL12 overexpression protected TECs from MPTP abnormal opening and apoptosis during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results suggest MRPL12-ANT3 axis involves in AKI by regulating MPTP, and MRPL12 could be potential intervention target for treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Ji
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lingju Chu
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Dun Su
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Qiang Wan
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Corresponding author
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30
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Frigo E, Tommasin L, Lippe G, Carraro M, Bernardi P. The Haves and Have-Nots: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore across Species. Cells 2023; 12:1409. [PMID: 37408243 PMCID: PMC10216546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that F1FO (F)-ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can form Ca2+-activated, high-conductance channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria from a variety of eukaryotes led to renewed interest in the permeability transition (PT), a permeability increase mediated by the PT pore (PTP). The PT is a Ca2+-dependent permeability increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose function and underlying molecular mechanisms have challenged scientists for the last 70 years. Although most of our knowledge about the PTP comes from studies in mammals, recent data obtained in other species highlighted substantial differences that could be perhaps attributed to specific features of F-ATP synthase and/or ANT. Strikingly, the anoxia and salt-tolerant brine shrimp Artemia franciscana does not undergo a PT in spite of its ability to take up and store Ca2+ in mitochondria, and the anoxia-resistant Drosophila melanogaster displays a low-conductance, selective Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel rather than a PTP. In mammals, the PT provides a mechanism for the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic proteins and mediates various forms of cell death. In this review, we cover the features of the PT (or lack thereof) in mammals, yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Artemia franciscana and Caenorhabditis elegans, and we discuss the presence of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and of other forms of cell death. We hope that this exercise may help elucidate the function(s) of the PT and its possible role in evolution and inspire further tests to define its molecular nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Frigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Ludovica Tommasin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Lippe
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience Institute, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (E.F.); (L.T.); (M.C.)
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Senoo N, Chinthapalli DK, Baile MG, Golla VK, Saha B, Ogunbona OB, Saba JA, Munteanu T, Valdez Y, Whited K, Chorev D, Alder NN, May ER, Robinson CV, Claypool SM. Conserved cardiolipin-mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier interactions assume distinct structural and functional roles that are clinically relevant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539595. [PMID: 37205478 PMCID: PMC10187269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) promotes bioenergetics via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Three tightly bound CLs are evolutionarily conserved in the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC in yeast; adenine nucleotide translocator, ANT in mammals) which resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and exchanges ADP and ATP to enable OXPHOS. Here, we investigated the role of these buried CLs in the carrier using yeast Aac2 as a model. We introduced negatively charged mutations into each CL-binding site of Aac2 to disrupt the CL interactions via electrostatic repulsion. While all mutations disturbing the CL-protein interaction destabilized Aac2 monomeric structure, transport activity was impaired in a pocket-specific manner. Finally, we determined that a disease-associated missense mutation in one CL-binding site in ANT1 compromised its structure and transport activity, resulting in OXPHOS defects. Our findings highlight the conserved significance of CL in AAC/ANT structure and function, directly tied to specific lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dinesh K. Chinthapalli
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew G. Baile
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vinaya K. Golla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Saha
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James A. Saba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Teona Munteanu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yllka Valdez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kevin Whited
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dror Chorev
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eric R. May
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Gagelin A, Largeau C, Masscheleyn S, Piel MS, Calderón-Mora D, Bouillaud F, Hénin J, Miroux B. Molecular determinants of inhibition of UCP1-mediated respiratory uncoupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2594. [PMID: 37147287 PMCID: PMC10162991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue expresses uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which dissipates energy as heat, making it a target for treating metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate how purine nucleotides inhibit respiration uncoupling by UCP1. Our molecular simulations predict that GDP and GTP bind UCP1 in the common substrate binding site in an upright orientation, where the base moiety interacts with conserved residues R92 and E191. We identify a triplet of uncharged residues, F88/I187/W281, forming hydrophobic contacts with nucleotides. In yeast spheroplast respiration assays, both I187A and W281A mutants increase the fatty acid-induced uncoupling activity of UCP1 and partially suppress the inhibition of UCP1 activity by nucleotides. The F88A/I187A/W281A triple mutant is overactivated by fatty acids even at high concentrations of purine nucleotides. In simulations, E191 and W281 interact with purine but not pyrimidine bases. These results provide a molecular understanding of the selective inhibition of UCP1 by purine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gagelin
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique CNRS UPR9080, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Corentin Largeau
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique CNRS UPR9080, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires CNRS UMR7099, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Sandrine Masscheleyn
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires CNRS UMR7099, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mathilde S Piel
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires CNRS UMR7099, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Daniel Calderón-Mora
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires CNRS UMR7099, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Jérôme Hénin
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique CNRS UPR9080, Paris, 75005, France.
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, Paris, 75005, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires CNRS UMR7099, Paris, 75005, France.
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Coyne LP, Wang X, Song J, de Jong E, Schneider K, Massa PT, Middleton FA, Becker T, Chen XJ. Mitochondrial protein import clogging as a mechanism of disease. eLife 2023; 12:e84330. [PMID: 37129366 PMCID: PMC10208645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the import of >1,000 mitochondrial preproteins from the cytosol. Most studies on mitochondrial protein import are focused on the core import machinery. Whether and how the biophysical properties of substrate preproteins affect overall import efficiency is underexplored. Here, we show that protein traffic into mitochondria can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions in a single substrate preprotein. Pathogenic missense mutations in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1), and its yeast homolog ADP/ATP carrier 2 (Aac2), cause the protein to accumulate along the protein import pathway, thereby obstructing general protein translocation into mitochondria. This impairs mitochondrial respiration, cytosolic proteostasis, and cell viability independent of ANT1's nucleotide transport activity. The mutations act synergistically, as double mutant Aac2/ANT1 causes severe clogging primarily at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. This confers extreme toxicity in yeast. In mice, expression of a super-clogger ANT1 variant led to neurodegeneration and an age-dependent dominant myopathy that phenocopy ANT1-induced human disease, suggesting clogging as a mechanism of disease. More broadly, this work implies the existence of uncharacterized amino acid requirements for mitochondrial carrier proteins to avoid clogging and subsequent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ebbing de Jong
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Karin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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Takegawa K, Ito T, Yamamoto A, Yamazaki N, Shindo M, Shinohara Y. KH-17, a simplified derivative of bongkrekic acid, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:865-872. [PMID: 36527173 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two natural products, bongkrekic acid and carboxyatractyloside, are known to specifically inhibit the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from its matrix side and cytosolic side, respectively, in concentration ranges of 10-6 M. In the present study, we investigated the manner of action of a synthetic bongkrekic acid derivative, KH-17, lacking three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds, on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. At slightly acidic pH, KH-17 inhibited mitochondrial [3 H]ADP uptake, but its inhibitory action was about 10 times weaker than that of its parental compound, bongkrekic acid. The main site of action of KH-17 was confirmed as the matrix side of the ADP/ATP carrier by experiments using submitochondrial particles, which have an inside-out orientation of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, when we added KH-17 to mitochondria at neutral pH, it had a weak inhibitory effect on [3 H]ADP uptake, and its inhibitory strength was similar to that of bongkrekic acid. These results indicated that KH-17 weakly inhibits the ADP/ATP carrier not only from the matrix side but also from the cytosolic side. To ascertain whether this interpretation was correct, we examined the effects of KH-17 and carboxyatractyloside on mitochondrial [3 H]ADP uptake at two [3 H]ADP concentrations. We found that both KH-17 and carboxyatractyloside showed a stronger inhibitory effect at the lower [3 H]ADP concentration. Therefore, we concluded that the bongkrekic acid derivative, KH-17, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These results suggested that the elimination of three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds present in bongkrekic acid altered its manner of action towards the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Our data will help to improve our understanding of the interaction between bongkrekic acid and the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Takegawa
- Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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35
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Decker ST, Alexandrou-Majaj N, Layec G. Effects of acute cigarette smoke concentrate exposure on mitochondrial energy transfer in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148973. [PMID: 36972770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle are still poorly understood. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke on mitochondrial energy transfer in permeabilized muscle fibers from skeletal muscles with differing metabolic characteristics. The electron transport chain (ETC) capacity, ADP transport, and respiratory control by ADP were assessed in fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers from C57BL/6 mice (n = 11) acutely exposed to cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC) using high-resolution respirometry. CSC decreased complex I-driven respiration in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:45.4 ± 11.2 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1 and CSC:27.5 ± 12.0 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1; p = 0.01) and soleus (CONTROL:63.0 ± 23.8 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1 and CSC:44.6 ± 11.1 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1; p = 0.04). In contrast, the effect of CSC on Complex II-linked respiration increased its relative contribution to muscle respiratory capacity in the white gastrocnemius muscle. The maximal respiratory activity of the ETC was significantly inhibited by CSC in both muscles. Furthermore, the respiration rate dependent on the ADP/ATP transport across the mitochondrial membrane was significantly impaired by CSC in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:-70 ± 18 %; CSC:-28 ± 10 %; p < 0.001), but not the soleus (CONTROL:47 ± 16 %; CSC:31 ± 7 %; p = 0.08). CSC also significantly impaired mitochondrial thermodynamic coupling in both muscles. Our findings underscore that acute CSC exposure directly inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in permeabilized muscle fibers. This effect was mediated by significant perturbations of the electron transfer in the respiratory complexes, especially at complex I, in both fast and slow twitch muscles. In contrast, CSC-induced inhibition of the exchange of ADP/ATP across the mitochondrial membrane was fiber-type specific, with a large effect on fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | | | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA; Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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Pasquadibisceglie A, Quadrotta V, Polticelli F. In Silico Analysis of the Structural Dynamics and Substrate Recognition Determinants of the Human Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine SLC25A20 Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043946. [PMID: 36835358 PMCID: PMC9961348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Carrier is a member of the mitochondrial Solute Carrier Family 25 (SLC25), known as SLC25A20, involved in the electroneutral exchange of acylcarnitine and carnitine across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It acts as a master regulator of fatty acids β-oxidation and is known to be involved in neonatal pathologies and cancer. The transport mechanism, also known as "alternating access", involves a conformational transition in which the binding site is accessible from one side of the membrane or the other. In this study, through a combination of state-of-the-art modelling techniques, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking, the structural dynamics of SLC25A20 and the early substrates recognition step have been analyzed. The results obtained demonstrated a significant asymmetry in the conformational changes leading to the transition from the c- to the m-state, confirming previous observations on other homologous transporters. Moreover, analysis of the MD simulations' trajectories of the apo-protein in the two conformational states allowed for a better understanding of the role of SLC25A20 Asp231His and Ala281Val pathogenic mutations, which are at the basis of Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency. Finally, molecular docking coupled to molecular dynamics simulations lend support to the multi-step substrates recognition and translocation mechanism already hypothesized for the ADP/ATP carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Roma Tre Section, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Calvano CD, Pierri CL, Incampo G, Cataldi TRI, Indiveri C. The Mycotoxin Patulin Inhibits the Mitochondrial Carnitine/Acylcarnitine Carrier (SLC25A20) by Interaction with Cys136 Implications for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032228. [PMID: 36768549 PMCID: PMC9917099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of mycotoxin patulin (4-hydroxy-4H-furo [3,2c] pyran-2 [6H] -one) on the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC, SLC25A20) was investigated. Transport function was measured as [3H]-carnitineex/carnitinein antiport in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the native protein extracted from rat liver mitochondria or with the recombinant CAC over-expressed in E. coli. Patulin (PAT) inhibited both the mitochondrial native and recombinant transporters. The inhibition was not reversed by physiological and sulfhydryl-reducing reagents, such as glutathione (GSH) or dithioerythritol (DTE). The IC50 derived from the dose-response analysis indicated that PAT inhibition was in the range of 50 µM both on the native and on rat and human recombinant protein. The kinetics process revealed a competitive type of inhibition. A substrate protection experiment confirmed that the interaction of PAT with the protein occurred within a protein region, including the substrate-binding area. The mechanism of inhibition was identified using the site-directed mutagenesis of CAC. No inhibition was observed on Cys mutants in which only the C136 residue was mutated. Mass spectrometry studies and in silico molecular modeling analysis corroborated the outcomes derived from the biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Silva L, Antunes A. Omics and Remote Homology Integration to Decipher Protein Functionality. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2627:61-81. [PMID: 36959442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2974-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, several "omics" technologies based on specific biomolecules (from DNA, RNA, proteins, or metabolites) have won growing importance in the scientific field. Despite each omics possess their own laboratorial protocols, they share a background of bioinformatic tools for data integration and analysis. A recent subset of bioinformatic tools, based on available templates or remote homology protocols, allow computational fast and high-accuracy prediction of protein structures. The quickly predict of actually unsolved protein structures, together with late omics findings allow a boost of scientific advances in multiple fields such as cancer, longevity, immunity, mitochondrial function, toxicology, drug design, biosensors, and recombinant protein engineering. In this chapter, we assessed methodological approaches for the integration of omics and remote homology inferences to decipher protein functionality, opening the door to the next era of biological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yao H, Cai H, Li D. Fluorescence-Detection Size-Exclusion Chromatography-Based Thermostability Assay for Membrane Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2564:299-315. [PMID: 36107350 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2667-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) have lightened up almost every aspect of biological research including protein sciences. In the field of membrane protein structural biology, GFPs have been used widely to monitor membrane protein localization, expression level, the purification process and yield, and the stability inside the cells and in the test tube. Of particular interest is the fluorescence-detector size-exclusion chromatography-based thermostability assay (FSEC-TS). By simple heating and FSEC, the generally applicable method allows rapid assessment of the thermostability of GFP-fused membrane proteins without purification. Here we describe the experimental details and some typical results for the FSEC-TS method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dianfan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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41
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Shao W, Zhang Y, Chen C, Xing Y. Function of the Mitochondrial Transport Protein BcMtp1 in Regulating Vegetative Development, Asexual Reproduction, Stress Response, Fungicide Sensitivity, and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010025. [PMID: 36675846 PMCID: PMC9864816 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In model fungi, mitochondrial transport proteins (MTPs), also known as "mitochondrial carriers" (MC), are known to facilitate the exchange of biochemical substances across the mitochondrial inner membrane. In this study, we characterized an MTP in Botrytis cinerea homologous to the known MTPs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae designated BcMtp1. The BcMtp1 deletion mutant phenotype was strikingly defective in vegetative development, conidiation, and sclerotia production. In addition, ΔBcMtp1 showed increased sensitivity to osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and cell wall biogenesis inhibitors. In the pathogenicity assay, ΔBcMtp1 displayed compromised virulence on various host-plant tissues. The BcMtp1 deletion mutant phenotype was rescued by transforming the wild-type BcMtp1 variant into the mutant. Together, these data indicate that BcMtp1 is critical for vegetative development, asexual reproduction, stress tolerance, and virulence of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yujun Xing
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (Y.X.)
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42
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Miniero DV, Gambacorta N, Spagnoletta A, Tragni V, Loizzo S, Nicolotti O, Pierri CL, De Palma A. New Insights Regarding Hemin Inhibition of the Purified Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier and Relationships with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7519. [PMID: 36556135 PMCID: PMC9785169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic analysis of the transport assays on the purified rat brain 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier (OGC) was performed starting from our recent results reporting about a competitive inhibitory behavior of hemin, a physiological porphyrin derivative, on the OGC reconstituted in an active form into proteoliposomes. The newly provided transport data and the elaboration of the kinetic equations show evidence that hemin exerts a mechanism of partially competitive inhibition, coupled with the formation of a ternary complex hemin-carrier substrate, when hemin targets the OGC from the matrix face. A possible interpretation of the provided kinetic analysis, which is supported by computational studies, could indicate the existence of a binding region responsible for the inhibition of the OGC and supposedly involved in the regulation of OGC activity. The proposed regulatory binding site is located on OGC mitochondrial matrix loops, where hemin could establish specific interactions with residues involved in the substrate recognition and/or conformational changes responsible for the translocation of mitochondrial carrier substrates. The regulatory binding site would be placed about 6 Å below the substrate binding site of the OGC, facing the mitochondrial matrix, and would allow the simultaneous binding of hemin and 2-oxoglutarate or malate to different regions of the carrier. Overall, the presented experimental and computational analyses help to shed light on the possible existence of the hemin-carrier substrate ternary complex, confirming the ability of the OGC to bind porphyrin derivatives, and in particular hemin, with possible consequences for the mitochondrial redox state mediated by the malate/aspartate shuttle led by the mitochondrial carriers OGC and AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Jonica, Km 419,500, 75026 Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Bennett CF, Latorre-Muro P, Puigserver P. Mechanisms of mitochondrial respiratory adaptation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:817-835. [PMID: 35804199 PMCID: PMC9926497 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. The main regulatory components of mitochondrial energetic adaptation include: the transcription coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and associated transcription factors; mTOR and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling; TOM70-dependent mitochondrial protein import; the cristae remodelling factors, including mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) and OPA1; lipid remodelling; and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. Failure to execute these regulatory responses causes cell damage and inflammation or senescence, compromising cell survival and the ability to adapt to energetically demanding conditions. Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Latorre-Muro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Prola A, Pilot-Storck F. Cardiolipin Alterations during Obesity: Exploring Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1638. [PMID: 36358339 PMCID: PMC9687765 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a specific phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane that participates in many aspects of its organization and function, hence promoting proper mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we review recent data that have investigated alterations of cardiolipin in different tissues in the context of obesity and the related metabolic syndrome. Data relating perturbations of cardiolipin content or composition are accumulating and suggest their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues from obese patients. Conversely, cardiolipin modulation is a promising field of investigation in a search for strategies for obesity management. Several ways to restore cardiolipin content, composition or integrity are emerging and may contribute to the improvement of mitochondrial function in tissues facing excessive fat storage. Inversely, reduction of mitochondrial efficiency in a controlled way may increase energy expenditure and help fight against obesity and in this perspective, several options aim at targeting cardiolipin to achieve a mild reduction of mitochondrial coupling. Far from being just a victim of the deleterious consequences of obesity, cardiolipin may ultimately prove to be a possible weapon to fight against obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Prola
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Team Relaix, INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Bernardi P, Carraro M, Lippe G. The mitochondrial permeability transition: Recent progress and open questions. FEBS J 2022; 289:7051-7074. [PMID: 34710270 PMCID: PMC9787756 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in defining the basis of the mitochondrial permeability transition, a Ca2+ -dependent permeability increase of the inner membrane that has puzzled mitochondrial research for almost 70 years. Initially considered an artefact of limited biological interest by most, over the years the permeability transition has raised to the status of regulator of mitochondrial ion homeostasis and of druggable effector mechanism of cell death. The permeability transition is mediated by opening of channel(s) modulated by matrix cyclophilin D, the permeability transition pore(s) (PTP). The field has received new impulse (a) from the hypothesis that the PTP may originate from a Ca2+ -dependent conformational change of F-ATP synthase and (b) from the reevaluation of the long-standing hypothesis that it originates from the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Here, we provide a synthetic account of the structure of ANT and F-ATP synthase to discuss potential and controversial mechanisms through which they may form high-conductance channels; and review some intriguing findings from the wealth of early studies of PTP modulation that still await an explanation. We hope that this review will stimulate new experiments addressing the many outstanding problems, and thus contribute to the eventual solution of the puzzle of the permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
| | - Michela Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of PadovaItaly
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Function-Related Asymmetry of the Interactions between Matrix Loops and Conserved Sequence Motifs in the Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810877. [PMID: 36142790 PMCID: PMC9502086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) plays a central role in oxidative metabolism by exchanging ATP and ADP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Previous experiments have shown the involvement of the matrix loops of AAC in its function, yet potential mechanisms remain largely elusive. One obstacle is the limited information on the structural dynamics of the matrix loops. In the current work, unbiased all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on c-state wild-type AAC and mutants. Our results reveal that: (1) two ends of a matrix loop are tethered through interactions between the residue of triplet 38 (Q38, D143 and Q240) located at the C-end of the odd-numbered helix and residues of the [YF]xG motif located before the N-end of the short matrix helix in the same domain; (2) the initial progression direction of a matrix loop is determined by interactions between the negatively charged residue of the [DE]G motif located at the C-end of the short matrix helix and the capping arginine (R30, R139 and R236) in the previous domain; (3) the two chemically similar residues D and E in the highly conserved [DE]G motif are actually quite different; (4) the N-end of the M3 loop is clamped by the [DE]G motif and the capping arginine of domain 2 from the two sides, which strengthens interactions between domain 2 and domain 3; and (5) a highly asymmetric stable core exists within domains 2 and 3 at the m-gate level. Moreover, our results help explain almost all extremely conserved residues within the matrix loops of the ADP/ATP carriers from a structural point of view. Taken together, the current work highlights asymmetry in the three matrix loops and implies a close relationship between asymmetry and ADP/ATP transport.
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47
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Giangregorio N, Pierri CL, Tonazzi A, Incampo G, Tragni V, De Grassi A, Indiveri C. Proline/Glycine residues of the PG-levels guide conformational changes along the transport cycle in the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (SLC25A20). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1453-1465. [PMID: 36122779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) is a member of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family and imports acylcarnitine into the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for carnitine, playing a pivotal role in carnitine shuttle, crucial for fatty acid oxidation. The crystallized structure of CAC has not been solved yet, however, the availability of several in vitro/in silico studies, also based on the crystallized structures of the ADP/ATP carrier in the cytosolic-conformation and in the matrix-conformation, has made possible to confirm the hypothesis of the single-binding centered-gated pore mechanism for all the members of the MC family. In addition, our recent bioinformatics analyses allowed quantifying in silico the importance of protein residues of MC substrate binding region, of those involved in the formation of the matrix and cytosolic gates, and of those belonging to the Pro/Gly (PG) levels, proposed to be crucial for the tilting/kinking/bending of the six MC transmembrane helices, funneling the substrate translocation pathway. Here we present a combined in silico/in vitro analysis employed for investigating the role played by a group of 6 proline residues and 6 glycine residues, highly conserved in CAC, belonging to MC PG-levels. Residues of the PG-levels surround the similarly located MC common substrate binding region, and were proposed to lead conformational changes and substrate translocation, following substrate binding. For our analysis, we employed 3D molecular modeling approaches, alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro transport assays. Our analysis reveals that P130 (H3), G268 (H6) and G220 (H5), mutated in alanine, affect severely CAC transport activity (mutant catalytic efficiency lower than 5 % compared to the wild type CAC), most likely due to their major role in triggering CAC conformational changes, following carnitine binding. Notably, P30A (H1) and G121A (H3) CAC mutants, increase the carnitine uptake up to 217 % and 112 %, respectively, compared to the wild type CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Caudal A, Tang X, Chavez JD, Keller A, Mohr JP, Bakhtina AA, Villet O, Chen H, Zhou B, Walker MA, Tian R, Bruce JE. Mitochondrial interactome quantitation reveals structural changes in metabolic machinery in the failing murine heart. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:855-866. [PMID: 36405497 PMCID: PMC9667921 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) bridge the gap between purified systems and native tissue environments, allowing the detection of protein structural interactions in their native state. Here we use isobaric quantitative protein interaction reporter technology (iqPIR) to compare the mitochondria protein interactomes in healthy and hypertrophic murine hearts, 4 weeks post-transaortic constriction. The failing heart interactome includes 588 statistically significant cross-linked peptide pairs altered in the disease condition. We observed an increase in the assembly of ketone oxidation oligomers corresponding to an increase in ketone metabolic utilization; remodeling of NDUA4 interaction in Complex IV, likely contributing to impaired mitochondria respiration; and conformational enrichment of ADP/ATP carrier ADT1, which is non-functional for ADP/ATP translocation but likely possesses non-selective conductivity. Our application of quantitative cross-linking technology in cardiac tissue provides molecular-level insights into the complex mitochondria remodeling in heart failure while bringing forth new hypotheses for pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Caudal
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jared P. Mohr
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anna A. Bakhtina
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Hongye Chen
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Matthew A. Walker
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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Li J, Valkenburgh JV, Fang J, Zhang D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Jia G, Chen AZ, Zhang X, Chen K. Development of a novel radiofluorinated riboflavin probe for riboflavin receptor-targeting PET imaging. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106395. [PMID: 35970328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin receptor 3 (RFVT3) is a key protein in energetic metabolism reprogramming and is overexpressed in multiple cancers involved in malignant proliferation, angiogenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and immunosuppression. To enable non-invasive real-time quantification of RFVT3 in tumors, we sought to develop a suitable PET probe that would allow specific and selective RFVT3 imaging in vivo. A novel radiofluorinated riboflavin probe (18F-RFTA) based on riboflavin was synthesized and characterized in terms of radiochemical purity, hydrophilicity, binding affinity, and stability. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 18F-RFTA was performed in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was carried out to determine the expression of RFVT3 in U87MG tumors. 18F-RFTA was characterized by high radiochemical purity and RFVT3 binding affinity, and remarkable stability in vitro and in vivo. Small-animal PET imaging with 18F-RFTA revealed significantly higher uptake in RFVT3-expressing U87MG tumors than in muscle. In conclusion, we have developed the first radiofluorinated riboflavin-based PET probe that is suitable for imaging RFVT3-positive tumors. The new target/probe system can be leveraged for extensive use in the diagnosis and treatment of RFVT3 overexpressing diseases, such as oncologic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Li
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jianyang Fang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Deliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guorong Jia
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Austin Z Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC-135D, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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50
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Cavalieri R, Hazebroek MK, Cotrim CA, Lee Y, Kunji ERS, Jastroch M, Keipert S, Crichton PG. Activating ligands of Uncoupling protein 1 identified by rapid membrane protein thermostability shift analysis. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101526. [PMID: 35691529 PMCID: PMC9243162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) catalyses mitochondrial proton leak in brown adipose tissue to facilitate nutrient oxidation for heat production, and may combat metabolic disease if activated in humans. During the adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes, free fatty acids generated from lipolysis activate UCP1 via an unclear interaction. Here, we set out to characterise activator binding to purified UCP1 to clarify the activation process, discern novel activators and the potential to target UCP1. METHODS We assessed ligand binding to purified UCP1 by protein thermostability shift analysis, which unlike many conventional approaches can inform on the binding of hydrophobic ligands to membrane proteins. A detailed activator interaction analysis and screening approach was carried out, supported by investigations of UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1 expression-controlled cell lines. RESULTS We reveal that fatty acids and other activators influence UCP1 through a specific destabilising interaction, behaving as transport substrates that shift the protein to a less stable conformation of a transport cycle. Through the detection of specific stability shifts in screens, we identify novel activators, including the over-the-counter drug ibuprofen, where ligand analysis indicates that UCP1 has a relatively wide structural specificity for interacting molecules. Ibuprofen successfully induced UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1-expressing HEK293 cells but not in cultured brown adipocytes, suggesting drug delivery differs in each cell type. CONCLUSIONS These findings clarify the nature of the activator-UCP1 interaction and demonstrate that the targeting of UCP1 in cells by approved drugs is in principle achievable as a therapeutic avenue, but requires variants with more effective delivery in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cavalieri
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marlou Klein Hazebroek
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camila A Cotrim
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lee
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Keith Peters Building, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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