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Wu B, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Peng W. Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:695-714. [PMID: 38886936 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Yangsheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Qian Z, Hou D, Gao S, Wang X, Yu J, Dong J, Sun C. Toxic effects and mechanisms of chronic cadmium exposure on Litopenaeus vannamei growth performance based on combined microbiome and metabolome analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142578. [PMID: 38857631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution seriously affects marine organisms' health and poses a threat to food safety. Although Cd pollution has attracted widespread attention in aquaculture, little is known about the toxic mechanisms of chronic Cd exposure on shrimp growth performance. The study investigated the combined effects of chronic exposure to Cd of different concentrations including 0, 75, 150, and 300 μg/L for 30 days on the growth performance, tissue bioaccumulation, intestinal microbiology, and metabolic responses of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results revealed that the growth was significantly inhibited under exposure to 150 and 300 μg/L Cd2+. The bioaccumulation in gills and intestines respectively showed an increasing and inverted "U" shaped trend with increasing Cd2+ concentration. Chronic Cd altered the intestinal microflora with a significant decrease in microbial richness and increasing trends in the abundances of the potentially pathogenic bacteria Vibrio and Maribacter at exposure to 75 and 150 μg/L Cd2+, and Maribacter at 300 μg/L. In addition, chronic Cd interfered with intestinal metabolic processes. The expressions of certain metabolites associated with growth promotion and enhanced antioxidant power, including N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, L-malic acid, guanidoacetic acid, betaine, and gluconic acid were significantly down-regulated, especially at exposure to 150 and 300 μg/L Cd2+, and were negatively correlated with Vibrio and Maribacter abundance levels. In summary, chronic Cd exposure resulted in severe growth inhibition and increased Cd accumulation in shrimp tissues. Increased levels of intestinal pathogenic bacteria and decreased levels of growth-promoting metabolites may be the key causes of growth inhibition. Harmful bacteria Vibrio and Maribacter may be associated with the inhibition of growth-promoting metabolite expression and may be involved in disrupting intestinal metabolic functions, ultimately impairing shrimp growth potential. This study sheds light on the potential toxicological mechanisms of chronic Cd inhibition on shrimp growth performance, offering new insights into Cd toxicity studies in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Qian
- School of Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Gao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China.
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Moreira Gobis MDL, Goulart de Souza-Silva T, de Almeida Paula HA. The impact of a western diet on gut microbiota and circadian rhythm: A comprehensive systematic review of in vivo preclinical evidence. Life Sci 2024; 349:122741. [PMID: 38788974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Here, we present a systematic review that compiles in vivo experimental data regarding the effect of the WD on the gut microbiota and its impact on the circadian rhythm. Additionally, we reviewed studies evaluating the combined effects of WD and circadian cycle disruption on gut microbiota and circadian cycle markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The original studies indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened according to the PRISMA strategy. KEY FINDINGS Preclinical studies revealed that WD triggers circadian rhythmicity disruption, reduces the alpha-diversity of the microbiota and favors the growth of bacterial groups that are detrimental to intestinal homeostasis, such as Clostridaceae, Enterococcus, Parasutterella and Proteobacteria. When the WD is combined with circadian clock disruption, gut dysbiosis become more pronounced. Reduced cycling of Per3, Rev-erb and CLOCK in the intestine, which are related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and potential metabolic disease, was observed. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, current evidence supports the potential of WD to trigger microbiota dysregulation, disrupt the biological clock, and increase susceptibility to metabolic disorders and potentially chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva
- Institute of Biological Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Li X, Wang C, Yanagita T, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Aquatic Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14498-14520. [PMID: 38885200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a characteristic nonprotein nitrogen compound, is widely present in seafood, which exhibits osmoregulatory effects for marine organisms in vivo and plays an important role in aquaculture and aquatic product preservation. However, much attention has been focused on the negative effect of TMAO since it has recently emerged as a putative promoter of chronic diseases. To get full knowledge and maximize our ability to balance the positive and negative aspects of TMAO, in this review, we comprehensively discuss the TMAO in aquatic products from the aspects of physiological functions for marine organisms, flavor, quality, the conversion of precursors, the influences on human health, and the seafood ingredients interaction consideration. Though the circulating TMAO level is inevitably enhanced after seafood consumption, dietary seafood still exhibits beneficial health effects and may provide nutraceuticals to balance the possible adverse effects of TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Changhu Xue
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
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Ferreira H, Duarte D, Carneiro TJ, Costa C, Barbosa JC, Rodrigues JE, Alves P, Vasconcelos M, Pinto E, Gomes A, Gil AM. Impact of a legumes diet on the human gut microbiome articulated with fecal and plasma metabolomes: A pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:332-345. [PMID: 38964655 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Legumes intake is known to be associated with several health benefits the origins of which is still a matter of debate. This paper addresses a pilot small cohort to probe for metabolic aspects of the interplay between legumes intake, human metabolism and gut microbiota. METHODS Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics of blood plasma and fecal extracts was carried out, in tandem with qPCR analysis of feces, to assess the impact of an 8-week pilot legumes diet intervention on the fecal and plasma metabolomes and gut microbiota of 19 subjects. RESULTS While the high inter-individual variability hindered the detection of statistically significant changes in the gut microbiome, increased fecal glucose and decreased threonine levels were noted. Correlation analysis between the microbiome and fecal metabolome lead to putative hypotheses regarding the metabolic activities of prevalent bacteria groups (Clostridium leptum subgroup, Roseburia spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). These included elevated fecal glucose as a preferential energy source, the involvement of valerate/isovalerate and reduced protein degradation in gut microbiota. Plasma metabolomics advanced mannose and betaine as potential markers of legume intake and unveiled a decrease in formate and ketone bodies, the latter suggesting improved energy utilization through legume carbohydrates. Amino acid metabolism was also apparently affected, as suggested by lowered urea, histidine and threonine levels. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high inter-individual gut microbiome variability characterizing the small cohort addressed, combination of microbiological measurements and untargeted metabolomics unveiled several metabolic effects putatively related to legumes intake. If confirmed in larger cohorts, our findings will support the inclusion of legumes in diets and contribute valuable new insight into the origins of associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Duarte
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana J Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Célia Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Barbosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - João E Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Alves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CIIS - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde, Escola Enfermagem (Porto), Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Pinto
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Huang J, Lin Y, Ding X, Lin S, Li X, Yan W, Chen M. Alteration of the gut microbiome in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106647. [PMID: 38788811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that alterations of the gut microbiome (GM) play a comprehensive role in the pathophysiology of HF. However, findings in this field remain controversial. In this study, we focus on differences in GM diversity and abundance between HF patients and non-HF people, based on previous 16 S ribosomal RNA (16rRNA) gene sequencing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases using the keyword "Heart failure" and "Gastrointestinal Microbiome". A significant decrease in alpha diversity was observed in the HF patients (Chao1, I2 = 87.5 %, p < 0.001; Shannon index, I2 = 62.8 %, p = 0.021). At the phylum level, the HF group exhibited higher abundances of Proteobacteria (I2 = 92.0 %, p = 0.004) and Actinobacteria (I2 = 82.5 %, p = 0.010), while Bacteroidetes (I2 = 45.1 %, p = 0.017) and F/B ratio (I2 = 0.0 %, p<0.001) were lower. The Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend but did not reach statistical significance (I2 = 82.3 %, p = 0.127). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus and Klebsiella were increased in the HF group, whereas Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Dorea and Megamona exhibited decreased relative abundances. Dialister, Blautia and Prevotella showed decreasing trends but without statistical significance. This observational meta-analysis suggests that GM changes are associated with HF, manifesting as alterations in GM abundance, disruptions in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) bacteria, and an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Yongping Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xiangwei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Pukou People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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He Y, Zhu Y, Shui X, Huang Z, Li K, Lei W. Gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles reveal the antiatherosclerotic effect of indole-3-carbinol in high-choline-fed ApoE -/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155621. [PMID: 38678950 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolites produced from choline contribute to atherosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis, and the gut microbiota is redundantly essential for this process. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and brussels sprouts, helps prevent hyperlipidemia, maintain the gut microbiota balance, and decrease the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) from choline in the diet. PURPOSE The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of I3C on choline-induced AS and to further elucidate the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS AS models of high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice and TMAO-promoted foamy macrophages were established to observe the effect of I3C on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and foam cells and changes in AS-related indicators (including blood biochemical indicators, TMA, TMAO, SRA, and SRB1), and integrated analyses of the microbiome and metabolome were used to reveal the mechanism of action of I3C. RESULTS We found that I3C inhibited high-choline-induced atheroma formation (50-100 mg/kg/d, in vivo) and slightly improved the lipid profile (15 mg/kg/d, in vivo). Moreover, I3C suppressed lipid influx at a concentration of 40 µmol/L in vitro, enhanced the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, and consequently modified the gut microbial metabolites at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/d in the mice. Associative analyses based on microbiome and metabolomics revealed that 1-methyladenosine was a key modulator of the protective effect of I3C against AS in high-choline-induced ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time that I3C ameliorates AS progression through remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolomics, which paves the way for the possible therapeutic use of this vegetable-derived natural compound and may reduce the clinical severity of AS-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zufeng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Kongwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Innovative Drugs Translation of Cardiopulmonary Vascular Diseases, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Macao Region on Molecular Targets and Intervention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Department of Precision Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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He M, Shi J, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Cannabidiol (CBD) Inhibits Foam Cell Formation via Regulating Cholesterol Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400154. [PMID: 38932553 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The cannabidiol (CBD) in hemp oil has important pharmacological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that CBD is beneficial in the cardiovascular system and has been applied as a health supplement for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the impact of CBD on foam cell formation, cholesterol homeostasis, and lipid metabolism in macrophages. CBD elevates the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its associated targets, such as ATP binding transporter A1/G1 (ABCA1/ABCG1), thus reducing foam cell formation, and increasing cholesterol efflux within macrophages. Notably, the upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression induced by CBD is found to be attenuated by both a PPARγ inhibitor and PPARγ small interfering RNA (siRNA). Moreover, transfection of PPARγ siRNA results in a decrease in the inhibitory effect of CBD on foam cell formation and promotion of cholesterol efflux. Through lipidomics analysis, the study finds that CBD significantly reverses the enhancement of ceramide (Cer). Correlation analysis indicates a negative association between Cer level and the expression of ABCA1/ABCG1. CONCLUSION This study confirms that CBD can be an effective therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis treatment by activating PPARγ, up-regulating ABCA1/ABCG1 expression, and down-regulating Cer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Lv J, Li M, Feng N. The gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide: Its important role in cancer and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117031. [PMID: 38925016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding body of research indicates a correlation between the gut microbiota and various diseases. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota act as mediators between the gut microbiota and the host, interacting with multiple systems in the human body to regulate physiological or pathological functions. However, further investigation is still required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. One such metabolite involved in choline metabolism by gut microbes is trimethylamine (TMA), which can traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier and enter the bloodstream, ultimately reaching the liver where it undergoes oxidation catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) to form trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). While some TMAO is eliminated through renal excretion, remaining amounts circulate in the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial stress, and disruption of normal physiological functions in humans. As a representative microbial metabolite originating from the gut, TMAO has significant potential both as a biomarker for monitoring disease occurrence and progression and for tailoring personalized treatment strategies for patients. This review provides an extensive overview of TMAO sources and its metabolism in human blood, as well as its impact on several major human diseases. Additionally, we explore the latest research areas related to TMAO along with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Shengkai Jin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China; Department of Urology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
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Byndloss M, Devkota S, Duca F, Niess JH, Nieuwdorp M, Orho-Melander M, Sanz Y, Tremaroli V, Zhao L. The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications - 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1. [PMID: 38910152 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This article summarises the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: (1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g. genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomisation in humans; (2) the highly individualised nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; (3) because single time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and (4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Byndloss
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Human Microbiome Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Digestive Healthcare Center, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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11
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Almer G, Enko D, Kartiosuo N, Niinikoski H, Lehtimäki T, Munukka E, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Rovio SP, Mykkänen J, Lagström H, Jula A, Herrmann M, Raitakari OT, Meinitzer A, Pahkala K. Association of Serum Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Concentration from Childhood to Early Adulthood with Age and Sex. Clin Chem 2024:hvae087. [PMID: 38906833 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary prevention is the cornerstone of cardiometabolic health. In the randomized, controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP), dietary counseling intervention was given to children from infancy to 20 years of age and a follow-up was completed at age 26 years. We investigated the associations of age, sex, gut microbiome, and dietary intervention with the gut metabolite and the cardiac biomarker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). METHODS Overall, 592 healthy participants (females 46%) from STRIP were investigated. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had received dietary counseling between ages 7 months and 20 years focused on low intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol and the promotion of fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain consumption. TMAO serum concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method at ages 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 26 years. Microbiome composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at 26 years of age. RESULTS TMAO concentrations increased from age 11 to 26 years in both sexes. At all measurement time points, males showed significantly higher serum TMAO concentrations compared to females, but concentrations were similar between the intervention and control groups. A direct association between TMAO concentrations and reported fiber intake was found in females. Gut microbiome analysis did not reveal associations with TMAO. CONCLUSIONS TMAO concentration increased from childhood to early adulthood but was not affected by the given dietary intervention. In females, TMAO concentrations could be directly associated with higher fiber intake suggesting sex-specific differences in TMAO metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, General Hospital Hochsteiermark, Leoben, Austria
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Microbiome Biobank, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku; Finland
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Martins D, Silva C, Ferreira AC, Dourado S, Albuquerque A, Saraiva F, Batista AB, Castro P, Leite-Moreira A, Barros AS, Miranda IM. Unravelling the Gut Microbiome Role in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 38927134 PMCID: PMC11201797 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A notable shift in understanding the human microbiome's influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is underway, although the causal association remains elusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesise current knowledge on microbial taxonomy and metabolite variations between healthy controls (HCs) and those with CVD. An extensive search encompassing three databases identified 67 relevant studies (2012-2023) covering CVD pathologies from 4707 reports. Metagenomic and metabolomic data, both qualitative and quantitative, were obtained. Analysis revealed substantial variability in microbial alpha and beta diversities. Moreover, specific changes in bacterial populations were shown, including increased Streptococcus and Proteobacteria and decreased Faecalibacterium in patients with CVD compared with HC. Additionally, elevated trimethylamine N-oxide levels were reported in CVD cases. Biochemical parameter analysis indicated increased fasting glucose and triglycerides and decreased total cholesterol and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in diseased individuals. This study revealed a significant relationship between certain bacterial species and CVD. Additionally, it has become clear that there are substantial inconsistencies in the methodologies employed and the reporting standards adhered to in various studies. Undoubtedly, standardising research methodologies and developing extensive guidelines for microbiome studies are crucial for advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Dourado
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Albuquerque
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Beatriz Batista
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castro
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, São João Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António S. Barros
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Dinakis E, O'Donnell JA, Marques FZ. The gut-immune axis during hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14193. [PMID: 38899764 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The gut-immune axis is a relatively novel phenomenon that provides mechanistic links between the gut microbiome and the immune system. A growing body of evidence supports it is key in how the gut microbiome contributes to several diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Evidence over the past decade supports a causal link of the gut microbiome in hypertension and its complications, including myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. Perturbations in gut homeostasis such as dysbiosis (i.e., alterations in gut microbial composition) may trigger immune responses that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, the development and progression of these conditions. This is unsurprising, as the gut harbors one of the largest numbers of immune cells in the body, yet is a phenomenon not entirely understood in the context of cardiometabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome, the immune system, and inflammation in the context of hypertension and CVD, and consolidate current evidence of this complex interplay, whilst highlighting gaps in the literature. We focus on diet as one of the major modulators of the gut microbiota, and explain key microbial-derived metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) as potential mediators of the communication between the gut and peripheral organs such as the heart, arteries, kidneys, and the brain via the immune system. Finally, we explore the dual role of both the gut microbiome and the immune system, and how they work together to not only contribute, but also mitigate hypertension and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evany Dinakis
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Baptista LC, Wilson L, Barnes S, Anton SD, Buford TW. Effects of resveratrol on changes in trimethylamine-N-oxide and circulating cardiovascular factors following exercise training among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112479. [PMID: 38871236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In preclinical and observational studies, resveratrol and exercise training have been suggested as potential strategies to reduce the systemic levels of TMAO. However, evidence from experimental studies in humans remains unknown. This project examined the dose-dependent effects of a combined resveratrol intervention with exercise training on circulating TMAO and other related metabolite signatures in older adults with high CVD risk. METHODS Forty-one older adults [mean (±SD) age of 72.1 (6.8) years] participated in a 12-week supervised center-based, multi-component exercise training intervention [2×/week; 80 min/session] and were randomized to one of two resveratrol dosages [Low: 500 vs. High:1000 mg/day] or a cellulose-based placebo. Serum/plasma were collected at baseline and post-intervention and evaluated for TMAO and associated analytes. RESULTS After the 12-week intervention, TMAO concentration increased over time, regardless of treatment [mean (±SD) Placebo: 11262 (±3970); Low:13252 (±1193); High: 12661(±3359) AUC; p = 0.04]. Each resveratrol dose produced different changes in metabolite signatures. Low dose resveratrol upregulated metabolites associated with bile acids biosynthesis (i.e., glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and glycocholic acid). High dose resveratrol modulated metabolites enriched for glycolysis, and pyruvate, propanoate, β-alanine, and tryptophan metabolism. Different communities tightly correlated to TMAO and resveratrol metabolites were associated with the lipid and vascular inflammatory clinical markers [|r| > 0.4, p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a distinct dose-dependent adaptation response to resveratrol supplementation on circulating metabolite signatures but not on TMAO among high-risk CVD older adults when combined with an exercise training intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Baptista
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; USA.
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; USA; Birmingham/Atlanta VA GRECC, Birmingham VA Medical Center; Birmingham, AL, USA.
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15
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Xu MY, Xu JJ, Kang LJ, Liu ZH, Su MM, Zhao WQ, Wang ZH, Sun L, Xiao JB, Evans PC, Tian XY, Wang L, Huang Y, Liang XM, Weng JP, Xu SW. Urolithin A promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability by limiting inflammation and hypercholesteremia in Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. [PMID: 38886550 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UroA), a dietary phytochemical, is produced by gut bacteria from fruits rich in natural polyphenols ellagitannins (ETs). The efficiency of ETs metabolism to UroA in humans depends on gut microbiota. UroA has shown a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study we investigated the effects of UroA on atherosclerotic lesion development and stability. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 3 months to establish atherosclerosis model. Meanwhile the mice were administered UroA (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.). We showed that UroA administration significantly decreased diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions in brachiocephalic arteries, macrophage content in plaques, expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, intraplaque hemorrhage and size of necrotic core, while increased the expression of smooth muscle actin and the thickness of fibrous cap, implying features of plaque stabilization. The underlying mechanisms were elucidated using TNF-α-stimulated human endothelial cells. Pretreatment with UroA (10, 25, 50 μM) dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α-induced endothelial cell activation and monocyte adhesion. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of UroA in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were independent of NF-κB p65 pathway. We conducted RNA-sequencing profiling analysis to identify the differential expression of genes (DEGs) associated with vascular function, inflammatory responses, cell adhesion and thrombosis in UroA-pretreated HUVECs. Human disease enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly correlated with cardiovascular diseases. We demonstrated that UroA pretreatment mitigated endothelial inflammation by promoting NO production and decreasing YAP/TAZ protein expression and TEAD transcriptional activity in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. On the other hand, we found that UroA administration modulated the transcription and cleavage of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1/2 in the liver to ameliorate cholesterol metabolism in ApoE-/- mice. This study provides an experimental basis for new dietary therapeutic option to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Li-Jing Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Mei-Ming Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Wen-Qi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Jian-Bo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ourense, 32004, Spain
| | - Paul C Evans
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Miao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China.
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16
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Naghipour S, Cox AJ, Fisher JJ, Plan M, Stark T, West N, Peart JN, Headrick JP, Du Toit EF. Circulating TMAO, the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic disease risk: an exploration in key precursor disorders. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:133. [PMID: 38886825 PMCID: PMC11181661 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevations in the gut metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Whether elevated TMAO levels reflect early mechanistic involvement or a sequela of evolving disease awaits elucidation. The purpose of this study was to further explore these potential associations. METHODS We investigated relationships between circulating levels of TMAO and its pre-cursor substrates, dietary factors, gut microbiome profiles and disease risk in individuals with a Healthy BMI (18.5 < BMI < 25, n = 41) or key precursor states for cardiometabolic disease: Overweight (25 < BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 33), Obese (BMI > 30, n = 27) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS; ≥ 3 ATPIII report criteria, n = 39). RESULTS Unexpectedly, plasma [TMAO] did not vary substantially between groups (means of 3-4 µM; p > 0.05), although carnitine was elevated in participants with MetS. Gut microbial diversity and Firmicutes were also significantly reduced in the MetS group (p < 0.05). Exploratory analysis across diverse parameters reveals significant correlations between circulating [TMAO] and seafood intake (p = 0.007), gut microbial diversity (p = 0.017-0.048), and plasma [trimethylamine] (TMA; p = 0.001). No associations were evident with anthropometric parameters or cardiometabolic disease risk. Most variance in [TMAO] within and between groups remained unexplained. CONCLUSIONS Data indicate that circulating [TMAO] may be significantly linked to seafood intake, levels of TMA substrate and gut microbial diversity across healthy and early disease phenotypes. However, mean concentrations remain < 5 µM, with little evidence of links between TMAO and cardiometabolic disease risk. These observations suggest circulating TMAO may not participate mechanistically in cardiometabolic disease development, with later elevations likely a detrimental sequela of extant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Naghipour
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Manuel Plan
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Metabolomics Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Terra Stark
- Metabolomics Australia (Queensland Node), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nic West
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia.
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17
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Wang L, Wang Y, Xu H, Li W. Effect of dapagliflozin on ferroptosis through the gut microbiota metabolite TMAO during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetes mellitus rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13851. [PMID: 38879701 PMCID: PMC11180094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin (DAPA) demonstrates promise in the management of diabetic mellitus (DM) and cardiomyopathy. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is synthesized by the gut microbiota through the metabolic conversion of choline and phosphatidylcholine. Ferroptosis may offer novel therapeutic avenues for the management of diabetes and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the precise mechanism underlying ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and the specific role of TMAO generated by gut microbiota in the therapeutic approach for DM and myocardial IRI utilizing DAPA need to be further explored. Nine male SD rats with specific pathogen-free (SPF) status were randomly divided equally into the normal group, the DM + IRI (DIR) group, and the DAPA group. The diversity of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, the Wekell technique was employed to measure the levels of TMAO in the three groups. Application of network pharmacology to search for intersection targets of DAPA, DIR, and ferroptosis, and RT-PCR experimental verification. Ultimately, the overlapping targets that were acquired were subjected to molecular docking analysis with TMAO. The changes of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of DIR rats were most significantly affected by DAPA. Escherichia-Shigella and Prevotella_9 within the phylum Bacteroidetes could be identified as the primary effects of DAPA on DIR. Compared with the normal group, the TMAO content in the DIR group was significantly increased, while the TMAO content in the DAPA group was decreased compared to the DIR group. For the network pharmacology analysis, DAPA and DIR generated 43 intersecting target genes, and then further intersected with ferroptosis-related genes, resulting in 11 overlapping target genes. The mRNA expression of ALB, HMOX1, PPARG, CBS, LCN2, and PPARA decreased in the DIR group through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation, while the opposite trend was observed in the DAPA group. The docking score between TMAO and DPP4 was - 5.44, and the MM-GBSA result of - 22.02 kcal/mol. It epitomizes the finest docking performance among all the target genes with the lowest score. DAPA could reduce the levels of metabolite TMAO produced by gut microbiota, thereby regulating related target genes to decrease ferroptosis in DIR cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Trøseid M, Nielsen SD, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Gut microbiome and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38877521 PMCID: PMC11177534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have increased relative risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiome could be one of several driving factors, along with traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors such as coinfections, ART toxicity, and past immunodeficiency. RESULTS PLWH have an altered gut microbiome, even after adjustment for known confounding factors including sexual preference. The HIV-related microbiome has been associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, and shares features with CVD-related microbiota profiles, in particular reduced capacity for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. Substantial inter-individual variation has so far been an obstacle for applying microbiota profiles for risk stratification. This review covers updated knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome and comorbidities in PLWH, with specific focus on cardiometabolic comorbidities and inflammation. It covers a comprehensive overview of HIV-related and comorbidity-related dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and microbiota-derived metabolites. It also contains recent data from studies in PLWH on circulating metabolites related to comorbidities and underlying gut microbiota alterations, including circulating levels of the SCFA propionate, the histidine-analogue imidazole propionate, and the protective metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent advances, the gut microbiome and related metabolites are not yet established as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The review gives directions for future research needed to advance the field into clinical practice, including promises and pitfalls for precision medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen Oe, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Puerarin alleviates atherosclerosis via the inhibition of Prevotella copri and its trimethylamine production. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-331880. [PMID: 38777572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puerarin (PU) is a natural compound that exhibits limited oral bioavailability but has shown promise in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PU and its mechanisms in mitigating AS in both mice and humans. DESIGN The impact of PU on AS was examined in ApoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in human patients with carotid artery plaque. To explore the causal link between PU-associated gut microbiota and AS, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and mono-colonisation of mice with Prevotella copri (P. copri) were employed. RESULTS PU alleviated AS by modulating the gut microbiota, as evidenced by alterations in gut microbiota composition and the amelioration of AS following FMT from PU-treated mice into ApoE-/- mice fed HFD. Specifically, PU reduced the abundance of P. copri, which exacerbated AS by producing trimethylamine (TMA). Prolonged mono-colonisation of P. copri undermines the beneficial effects of PU on AS. In clinical, the plaque scores of AS patients were positively correlated with the abundance of P. copri and plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels. A 1-week oral intervention with PU effectively decreased P. copri levels and reduced TMAO concentrations in patients with carotid artery plaque. CONCLUSION PU may provide therapeutic benefits in combating AS by targeting P. copri and its production of TMA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1900022488.
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Zheng X, Huang Y, Yang M, Jin L, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wu Y, Yan C, Gao Y, Zeng M, Li F, Zhou X, Zhang N, Liu J, Zha B. Vitamin D is involved in the effects of the intestinal flora and its related metabolite TMAO on perirenal fat and kidneys in mice with DKD. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38858392 PMCID: PMC11164932 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D was shown to directly exert a protective effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in our previous study. However, whether it has an effect on perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) or the intestinal flora and its metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, TMAO) is unclear. METHODS DKD mice were received different concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 2 weeks. Serum TNF-α levels and TMAO levels were detected. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiota. qPCR was used to detect the expression of TLR4, NF-Κb, PGC1α, and UCP-1 in kidney and adipose tissue. Histological changes in kidney and perirenal adipose tissue were observed using HE, PAS, Masson and oil red staining. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of VDR, PGC1α, podocin, and UCP-1 in kidney and adipose tissue. Electron microscopy was used to observe the pathological changes in the kidney. VDR knockout mice were constructed to observe the changes in the gut and adipose tissue, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of UCP-1 and collagen IV in the kidney. RESULTS 1,25-(OH)2D3 could improve the dysbiosis of the intestinal flora of mice with DKD, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria, reduce the pathological changes in the kidney, reduce fat infiltration, and downregulate the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in kidneys. The serum TMAO concentration in mice with DKD was significantly higher than that of the control group, and was significantly positively correlated with the urine ACR. In addition, vitamin D stimulated the expression of the surface markers PGC1α, UCP-1 and VDR in the PRAT in DKD mice, and TMAO downregulated the expression of PRAT and renal VDR. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in DKD mice may affect the intestinal flora and its related metabolite TMAO on perirenal fat and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lulu Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Pujiang Community Health Service Center, Minhang District, Shanghai, 2011112, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cuili Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Pujiang Community Health Service Center, Minhang District, Shanghai, 2011112, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Neng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Community Health Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Álvarez-Herms J. Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a 'Westernized Athletic Diet' on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1138. [PMID: 38930520 PMCID: PMC11205432 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic exercise decreases systemic pH and increases metabolic acidosis in athletes, altering the acid-base homeostasis. In addition, nutritional recommendations advising athletes to intake higher amounts of proteins and simple carbohydrates (including from sport functional supplements) could be detrimental to restoring acid-base balance. Here, this specific nutrition could be classified as an acidic diet and defined as 'Westernized athletic nutrition'. The maintenance of a chronic physiological state of low-grade metabolic acidosis produces detrimental effects on systemic health, physical performance, and inflammation. Therefore, nutrition must be capable of compensating for systemic acidosis from anaerobic exercise. The healthy gut microbiota can contribute to improving health and physical performance in athletes and, specifically, decrease the systemic acidic load through the conversion of lactate from systemic circulation to short-chain fatty acids in the proximal colon. On the contrary, microbial dysbiosis results in negative consequences for host health and physical performance because it results in a greater accumulation of systemic lactate, hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, bacterial endotoxins, bioamines, and immunogenic compounds that are transported through the epithelia into the blood circulation. In conclusion, the systemic metabolic acidosis resulting from anaerobic exercise can be aggravated through an acidic diet, promoting chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis in athletes. The individuality of athletic training and nutrition must take into consideration the acid-base homeostasis to modulate microbiota and adaptive physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, 40170 Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
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22
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Raghani N, Postwala H, Shah Y, Chorawala M, Parekh P. From Gut to Brain: Unraveling the Intricate Link Between Microbiome and Stroke. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10295-3. [PMID: 38831225 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Stroke, a neurological disorder, is intricately linked to the gut microbiota, influencing microbial composition and elevating the risk of ischemic stroke. The neuroprotective impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from dietary fiber fermentation contrasts with the neuroinflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gut bacteria. The pivotal role of the gut-brain axis, facilitating bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, is crucial in maintaining gastrointestinal equilibrium and influencing cognitive functions. An in-depth understanding of the interplay among the gut microbiota, immune system, and neurological outcomes in stroke is imperative for devising innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches. Strategies such as dietary adjustments, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or fecal transplantation offer promise in modulating stroke outcomes. Nevertheless, comprehensive research is essential to unravel the precise mechanisms governing the gut microbiota's involvement in stroke and to establish effective therapeutic interventions. The initiation of large-scale clinical trials is warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of interventions targeting the gut microbiota in stroke management. Tailored strategies that reinstate eubiosis and foster a healthy gut microbiota hold potential for both stroke prevention and treatment. This review underscores the gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic target in stroke and underscores the need for continued research to delineate its precise role and develop microbiome-based interventions effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Raghani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Priyajeet Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
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23
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Mao Y, Kong C, Zang T, You L, Wang L, Shen L, Ge J. Impact of the gut microbiome on atherosclerosis. MLIFE 2024; 3:167-175. [PMID: 38948150 PMCID: PMC11211673 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory metabolic disease with a complex pathogenesis. However, the exact details of its pathogenesis are still unclear, which limits effective clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. This review discusses possible treatments for atherosclerosis using the gut microbiome as an intervention target and summarizes the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in the development of atherosclerosis. New strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis are needed. This review provides clues for further research on the mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Kong
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tongtong Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingsen You
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Shun Wang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghaiChina
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24
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Zhang HJ, Fu J, Yu H, Xu H, Hu JC, Lu JY, Bu MM, Zhai Z, Wang JY, Ye ML, Zuo HT, Song JY, Zhao Y, Jiang JD, Wang Y. Berberine promotes the degradation of phenylacetic acid to prevent thrombosis by modulating gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155517. [PMID: 38518650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is the main bioactive constituent of Coptis chinensis, a quaternary ammonium alkaloid. While berberine's cardiovascular benefits are well-documented, its impact on thrombosis remains not fully understood. PURPOSE This study investigates the potential of intestinal microbiota as a novel target for preventing thrombosis, with a focus on berberine, a natural compound known for its effectiveness in managing cardiovascular conditions. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of carrageenan induces the secretion of chemical mediators such as histamine and serotonin from mast cells to promote thrombosis. This model can directly and visually observe the progression of thrombosis in a time-dependent manner. Thrombosis was induced by intravenous injection of 1 % carrageenan solution (20 mg/kg) to all mice except the vehicle control group. Quantitative analysis of gut microbiota metabolites through LC/MS. Then, the gut microbiota of mice was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the changes. Finally, the effects of gut microbiota on thrombosis were explored by fecal microbiota transplantation. RESULTS Our research shows that berberine inhibits thrombosis by altering intestinal microbiota composition and related metabolites. Notably, berberine curtails the biosynthesis of phenylacetylglycine, a thrombosis-promoting coproduct of the host-intestinal microbiota, by promoting phenylacetic acid degradation. This research underscores the significance of phenylacetylglycine as a thrombosis-promoting risk factor, as evidenced by the ability of intraperitoneal phenylacetylglycine injection to reverse berberine's efficacy. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiment confirms the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in thrombus formation. CONCLUSION Initiating our investigation from the perspective of the gut microbiota, we have, for the first time, unveiled that berberine inhibits thrombus formation by promoting the degradation of phenylacetic acid, consequently suppressing the biosynthesis of PAG. This discovery further substantiates the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and thrombosis. Our study advances the understanding that intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in thrombosis development and highlights berberine-mediated intestinal microbiota modulation as a promising therapeutic approach for thrombosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Meng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Liang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Heng-Tong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Ye Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Byrd DA, Zouiouich S, Karwa S, Li XS, Wang Z, Sampson JN, Loftfield E, Huang WY, Hazen SL, Sinha R. Associations of serum trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors with colorectal cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. Cancer 2024; 130:1982-1990. [PMID: 38285606 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake influences gut microbiome composition, which in turn may be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations of the gut microbiome with colorectal carcinogenesis may be mediated through bacterially regulated, metabolically active metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, choline, L-carnitine, and betaine. METHODS Prospective associations of circulating TMAO and its precursors with CRC risk were investigated. TMAO, choline, betaine, and L-carnitine were measured in baseline serum samples from 761 incident CRC cases and 1:1 individually matched controls in the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort using targeted fully quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry panels. Prospective associations of the metabolites with CRC risk, using multivariable conditional logistic regression, were measured. Associations of a priori-selected dietary exposures with the four metabolites were also investigated. RESULTS TMAO and its precursors were not associated with CRC risk overall, but TMAO and choline were positively associated with higher risk for distal CRC (continuous ORQ90 vs. Q10 [95% CI] = 1.90 [CI, 1.24-2.92; p = .003] and 1.26 [1.17-1.36; p < .0001], respectively). Conversely, choline was inversely associated with rectal cancer (ORQ90 vs. Q10 [95% CI] = 0.77 [0.76-0.79; p < .001]). Red meat, which was previously associated with CRC risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Cohort , was positively associated with TMAO (Spearman rho = 0.10; p = .0003). CONCLUSIONS Serum TMAO and choline may be associated with higher risk of distal CRC, and red meat may be positively associated with serum TMAO. These findings provide insight into a potential microbially mediated mechanism underlying CRC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A Byrd
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Department of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Semi Zouiouich
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Smriti Karwa
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Dong X, Qu L, Xiong J, Wang B, Sha X, Wu B, Sun Y, Pan X, Sun J, Pan LL. Shizukaol C alleviates trimethylamine oxide-induced inflammation through activating Keap1-Nrf2-GSTpi pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155403. [PMID: 38564920 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of global mortality, and there is an urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases, and shizukaol C, a natural sesquiterpene isolated from Chloranthus multistachys with various biological activities, might exhibit beneficial role in preventing TMAO-induced vascular inflammation. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of shizukaol C on TMAO-induced vascular inflammation. METHODS The effect and underlying mechanism of shizukaol C on TMAO-induced adhesion molecules expression, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) adhesion to VSMC were evaluated by western blot, cell adhesion assay, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence assay, and quantitative Real-Time PCR, respectively. To verify the role of shizukaol C in vivo, TMAO-induced vascular inflammation model were established using guidewire-induced injury on mice carotid artery. Changes in the intima area and the expression of GSTpi, VCAM-1, CD68 were examined using haematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that shizukaol C significantly suppressed TMAO-induced adhesion molecule expression and the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) adhesion in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Mechanically, shizukaol C inhibited TMAO-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 activation, and the JNK inhibition was dependent on the shizukaol C-mediated glutathione-S-transferase pi (GSTpi) expression. By further molecular docking and protein-binding analysis, we demonstrated that shizukaol C directly binds to Keap1 to induce Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulated GSTpi expression. Consistently, our in vivo experiment showed that shizukaol C elevated the expression level of GSTpi in carotid arteries and alleviates TMAO-induced vascular inflammation. CONCLUSION Shizukaol C exerts anti-inflammatory effects in TMAO-treated VSMC by targeting Keap1 and activating Nrf2-GSTpi signaling and resultantly inhibits the downstream JNK-NF-κB/p65 activation and VSMC adhesion, and alleviates TMAO-induced vascular inflammation in vivo, suggesting that shizukaol C may be a potential drug for treating TMAO-induced vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Sha
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Chen C, Liang Z, He Y, Li A, Gao Y, Pan Q, Cao J. Pravastatin promotes type 2 diabetes vascular calcification through activating intestinal Bacteroides fragilis to induce macrophage M1 polarization. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13514. [PMID: 38112268 PMCID: PMC11128749 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pravastatin is an oral lipid-lowering drug, commonly used by patients with diabetes that is positively correlated with the occurrence of vascular calcification (VC), but the mechanism is unclear. METHODS In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR wereused to detect the differential gut bacteria. Metabolomics and ELISA were used to analyze the differential metabolites. qRT-PCR and western blotting (WB) were used to detect genes expression. Flow cytometry was used to analyze macrophage phenotype. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze aortic calcification. RESULTS We found that gut Bacteroides fragilis (BF) increased significantly in patients who took pravastatin or type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice treated with pravastatin. In vitro experiments showed that pravastatin had little effect on BF but significantly promoted BF proliferation in vivo. Further analysis showed that ArsR was an important gene for pravastatin to regulate the activation of BF, and overexpression of ArsR significantly promoted the secretion of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA). Importantly, pravastatin significantly promoted BF secretion of TMCA and significantly increased TMCA secretion in T2D patients or T2D mice. TMCA had little effect on vascular smooth muscle cell calcification but significantly promoted macrophage M1 polarization, which we had demonstrated that M1 macrophages promoted T2D VC. In vivo studies found that pravastatin significantly upregulated TMCA levels in the feces and serum of T2D mice transplanted with BF and promoted the macrophage M1 polarization in bone marrow and the osteoblastic differentiation of aortic cells. Similar results were obtained in T2D mice after intravenous infusion of TMCA. CONCLUSIONS Promoting intestinal BF to secrete TMCA, which leads to macrophage M1 polarization, is an important mechanism by which pravastatin promotes calcification, and the result will be used for the optimization of clinical medication strategies of pravastatin supplying a theoretical basis and experimental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Zheng‐Feng Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Center for Clinical Research in Diabetes, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yu‐Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - An‐Qi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Center for Clinical Research in Diabetes, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Yan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Center for Clinical Research in Diabetes, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Qun‐Wen Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age‐Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jing‐Song Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology and metabolism, Center for Clinical Research in Diabetes, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
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Safdar M, Ullah M, Hamayun S, Wahab A, Khan SU, Abdikakhorovich SA, Haq ZU, Mehreen A, Naeem M, Mustopa AZ, Hasan N. Microbiome miracles and their pioneering advances and future frontiers in cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102686. [PMID: 38830479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health challenge, underscoring the need for innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Recent years have seen a surge in interest in unraveling the complex relationship between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. This article delves into current research on the composition, diversity, and impact of the gut microbiome on CVD development. Recent advancements have elucidated the profound influence of the gut microbiome on disease progression, particularly through key mediators like Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and other microbial metabolites. Understanding these mechanisms reveals promising therapeutic targets, including interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiome's interaction with the immune system and its contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Harnessing this understanding, personalized medicine strategies tailored to individuals' gut microbiome profiles offer innovative avenues for reducing cardiovascular risk. As research in this field continues to evolve, there is vast potential for transformative advancements in cardiovascular medicine, paving the way for precision prevention and treatment strategies to address this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Hamayun
- Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, 04485 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Mehreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research, and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurhasni Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar 90245, Republic of Indonesia.
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Wang M, Tang WW, Li XS, de Oliveira Otto MC, Lee Y, Lemaitre RN, Fretts A, Nemet I, Sotoodehnia N, Sitlani CM, Budoff M, DiDonato JA, Wang Z, Bansal N, Shlipak MG, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Sarnak MJ, Mozaffarian D, Hazen SL. The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N -oxide, Incident CKD, and Kidney Function Decline. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:749-760. [PMID: 38593157 PMCID: PMC11164118 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points In community-based US adults, higher plasma trimethylamine N -oxide levels associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater rate of kidney function decline. Findings from our study support future clinical trials to examine whether lowering plasma trimethylamine N -oxide levels may prevent CKD development and progression. Background Trimethylamine N -oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota–derived metabolite of dietary phosphatidylcholine and carnitine. Experimentally, TMAO causes kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Little is known about prospective associations between TMAO and kidney outcomes, especially incident CKD. We hypothesized that higher plasma TMAO levels would be associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater rate of kidney function decline. Methods We included 10,564 participants from two community-based, prospective cohorts with eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 to assess incident CKD. TMAO was measured using targeted mass spectrometry at baseline and one follow-up visit. Creatinine and cystatin C were measured up to four times during follow-up and used to compute eGFR. Incident CKD was defined as an eGFR decline ≥30% from baseline and a resulting eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Time-varying Cox models assessed the association of serial TMAO measures with incident CKD, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, diet, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Linear mixed models assessed the association with annualized eGFR change in 10,009 participants with at least one follow-up eGFR measure without exclusions for baseline eGFR levels. Results During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 9.1–11.6 years), 979 incident CKD events occurred. Higher TMAO levels were associated with higher risk of incident CKD (second to fifth versus first quintile hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=1.65 [1.22 to 2.23], 1.68 [1.26 to 2.25], 2.28 [1.72 to 3.02], and 2.24 [1.68 to 2.98], respectively) and greater annualized eGFR decline (second to fifth versus first quintile annualized eGFR change=−0.21 [−0.32 to −0.09], −0.17 [−0.29 to −0.05], −0.35 [−0.47 to −0.22], and −0.43 [−0.56 to −0.30] ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively) with monotonic dose–response relationships. These associations were consistent across different racial/ethnic groups examined. The association with eGFR decline was similar to or larger than that seen for established CKD risk factors, including diabetes, per 10 mm Hg of higher systolic BP, per 10 years of older age, and Black race. Conclusions In community-based US adults, higher serial measures of plasma TMAO were associated with higher risk of incident CKD and greater annualized kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nisha Bansal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael G. Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative and Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Mark J. Sarnak
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Miyata M, Takeda K, Nagira S, Sugiura Y. Trimethylamine N-oxide ameliorates hepatic damage including reduction of hepatic bile acids and cholesterol in Fxr-null mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:385-395. [PMID: 38690724 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2346765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
There are conflicting animal experiments on the effect of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the dietary metabolite, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to determine the effect of TMAO on NAFLD. A diet containing 0.3% TMAO was fed to farnesoid X receptor (Fxr)-null mice, a model of NAFLD, for 13 weeks. Fxr-null mice fed TMAO showed significant reductions in liver damage markers but not wild-type mice. Hepatic bile acid and cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, and triacylglycerol levels tended to decrease in TMAO-fed Fxr-null mice. Changes in mRNA levels of hepatic bile acid and cholesterol transporters and synthetic enzymes were observed, which could explain the decreased hepatic bile acid and cholesterol levels in Fxr-null mice given the TMAO diet but not in the wild-type mice. These results suggest that TMAO intake ameliorates liver damage in Fxr-null mice, further altering bile acid/cholesterol metabolism in an FXR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Kento Takeda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nagira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Sarikaya S, Körez MK, Ovali F, Turgut E, Vatansev H, Günenc O. Investigation of serum trimethylamine-N-oxide levels in missed abortion: A prospective study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:997-1001. [PMID: 38055334 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between missed abortion and serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. METHODS A total of 129 patients with 56 missed abortions and 73 healthy pregnancies were included in our study. Patients who had more than one pregnancy loss, had systemic disease (hypertension, diabetes, rheumatologic disease, hematologic disease, and so forth) and did not accept to participate in the study were excluded. Pregnant women who did not have a fetal heartbeat in the first 20th week of pregnancy were considered as missed abortion. Demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. The serum TMAO levels of these patients were compared with the serum TMAO levels of healthy pregnant women with the same gestational week between the two groups. RESULTS The median (IQR) serum level of TMAO was significantly higher in woman with missed abortus compared to the healthy controls (201.5 [IQR, 129.75-345] vs 150 [IQR, 86.9-273], U = 1534, P = 0.015, rrb = 0.25 [95% CI: 0.05-0.43]). We observed a positive and significant relationship between serum TMAO levels and age of the patients (Spearman's rho = 0.272 [95% CI: 0.01-0.50], P = 0.043). However, no significant relationship was found between serum TMAO levels and BMI (Spearman's rho = 0.093 [95% CI: -0.18 to 0.35], P = 0.496). CONCLUSION In our study, we found that the serum TMAO level was higher in patients with missed abortion compared to healthy pregnancies. Serum TMAO levels measured at early gestational weeks can provide information about the course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Sarikaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazım Körez
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fadime Ovali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esranur Turgut
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüsamettin Vatansev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Günenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Jiang C, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang K, Huang C, Gao F, Peng Hu H, Deng Y, Zhang W, Zheng J, Huang J, Li Y. Polyphenols from hickory nut reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in mice by improving intestinal microbiota and inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide production. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155349. [PMID: 38522315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota through metabolizing phosphatidylcholine, choline, l-carnitine and betaine in the diet, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Concurrently, dietary polyphenols have garnered attention for their potential to ameliorate obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis primarily by modulating the intestinal microbial structure. Hickory (Carya cathayensis) nut, a polyphenol-rich food product favored for its palatability, emerges as a candidate for exploration. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The relationship between polyphenol of hickory nut and atherosclerosis prevention will be firstly clarified, providing theoretical basis for the discovery of natural products counteracting TMAO-induced AS process in hickory nut. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Employing Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and histological examination of aortic samples, the effects of total polyphenol extract on obesity index, inflammatory index and pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high choline diet were evaluated. Further, the composition, abundance, and function of mouse gut microbiota were analyzed through 16srDNA sequencing. Concurrently, the levels of TMAO and the expression of key enzymes (CutC and FMO3) involved in its synthesis are quantified using ELISA, Western Blot and Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, targeted metabolomic profiling of the hickory nut polyphenol extract was conducted, accompanied by molecular docking simulations to predict interactions between candidate polyphenols and the CutC/FMO3 using Autodock Vina. Finally, the docking prediction were verified by microscale thermophoresis (MST) . RESULTS Polyphenol extracts of hickory nut improved the index of obesity and inflammation, and alleviated the pathological changes of atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 J mice fed with high-fat and high-choline diet. Meanwhile, these polyphenol extracts also changed the composition and function of intestinal microbiota, and increased the abundance of microorganisms in mice. Notably, the abundance of intestinal microbiota endowed with CutC gene was significantly reduced, coherent with expression of CutC catalyzing TMA production. Moreover, polyphenol extracts also decreased the expression of FMO3 in the liver, contributing to the reduction of TMAO levels in serum. Furthermore, metabonomic profile analysis of these polyphenol extracts identified 647 kinds of polyphenols. Molecular docking predication further demonstrated that Casuariin and Cinnamtannin B2 had the most potential inhibition on the enzymatic activities of CutC or FMO3, respectively. Notably, MST analysis corroborated the potential for direct interaction between CutC enzyme and available polyphenols such as Corilagin, (-)-Gallocatechin gallate and Epigallocatechin gallate. CONCLUSION Hickory polyphenol extract can mitigate HFD-induced AS by regulating intestinal microflora in murine models. In addition, TMA-FMO3-TMAO pathway may play a key role in this process. This research unveils, for the inaugural time, the complex interaction between hickory nut-derived polyphenols and gut microbial, providing novel insights into the role of dietary polyphenols in AS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huang Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yangyong Deng
- Hangzhou Yaoshengji Food Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Suichang County Food and Drug Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Khan QA, Asad M, Ali AH, Farrukh AM, Naseem U, Semakieh B, Levin Carrion Y, Afzal M. Gut microbiota metabolites and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and death: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37825. [PMCID: PMC11142832 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors, namely betaine, L-carnitine, and choline, have been implicated as risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality development. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the validity of these associations. Methods: MEDLINE and Scopus were queried from their inception to August 2023 to identify studies that quantified estimates of the associations of TMAO with the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool unadjusted or multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals. The primary endpoint was the risk of MACE and all-cause death. Results: 30 prospective observational studies (n = 48 968) were included in the analysis. Elevated TMAO levels were associated with a significantly greater risk of MACE and all-cause death compared to low TMAO levels (HR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.2–1.54, P < .00001, I 2 = 43%) and (HR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.37–1.75, P < .00001, I 2 = 46%), respectively. Furthermore, high levels of either L-carnitine or choline were found to significantly increase the risk of MACE. However, no significant difference was seen in MACE in either high or low levels of betaine. Conclusion: Elevated concentrations of TMAO were associated with increased risks of MACE and all-cause mortality. High levels of L-carnitine/choline were also significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE. However, no significant difference was found between high or low levels of betaine for the outcome of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Usama Naseem
- Combined Military Hospital, CMH, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bader Semakieh
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR
| | | | - Muhammad Afzal
- St. George’s University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
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Huang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Bai H, Peng R, Ruan W, Zhang Q, Cai E, Ma M, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zheng L. Dynamic Changes in Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential for Dietary Changes in Diabetes Prevention. Nutrients 2024; 16:1711. [PMID: 38892643 PMCID: PMC11174887 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. METHODS Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted from 2019 to 2021 in rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China, and 1515 diabetes-free participants aged above 35 years were included. The concentrations of serum TMAO and its precursors were measured at two time points, namely in 2019 and 2021. TMAO and TMAO changes (ΔTMAO) were separately tested in a logistic regression model. For further examination, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were calculated according to a combination of TMAO levels and ΔTMAO levels. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 1.85 years, 81 incident cases of T2DM (5.35%) were identified. Baseline TMAO levels exhibited a nonlinear relationship, first decreasing and then increasing, and only at the highest quartile was it associated with the risk of T2DM. The OR for T2DM in the highest quartile of serum TMAO was 3.35 (95%CI: 1.55-7.26, p = 0.002), compared with the lowest quartile. As for its precursors, only choline level was associated with T2DM risk and the OR for T2DM in the Q3 and Q4 of serum choline was 3.37 (95%CI: 1.41-8.05, p = 0.006) and 4.72 (95%CI: 1.47-15.13, p = 0.009), respectively. When considering both baseline TMAO levels and ΔTMAO over time, participants with sustained high TMAO levels demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM, with a multivariable-adjusted OR of 8.68 (95%CI: 1.97, 38.34). CONCLUSION Both initial serum TMAO levels and long-term serum TMAO changes were collectively and significantly associated with the occurrence of subsequent T2DM events. Interventions aimed at normalizing TMAO levels, such as adopting a healthy dietary pattern, may be particularly beneficial in T2DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Huang
- Department of Acute Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200023, China;
| | - Yani Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - He Bai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Ruiheng Peng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Wenli Ruan
- Department of Physical and Chemical, Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200051, China; (W.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Enmao Cai
- Department of Physical and Chemical, Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200051, China; (W.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Mingfeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China;
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Physical and Chemical, Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200051, China; (W.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Y.W.); (H.B.); (R.P.)
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Qiu F, Liu J, Xie Y, Lin Z, He J, Chen J. Trimethylamine-N-oxide promotes osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress by activating NF-κB pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9251-9263. [PMID: 38809508 PMCID: PMC11164488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senile osteoporosis may be caused by an imbalance in intestinal flora and oxidative stress. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of dietary choline dependent on gut microbes, has been found to be significantly increased in osteoporosis. However, the role of TMAO in bone loss during osteoporosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the impact of TMAO on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in an in vitro setting. METHODS Osteoclast differentiation was induced by incubating RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Flow cytometry, TRAP staining assay, CCK-8, and ELISA were employed to investigate the impact of TMAO on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in vitro. For mechanistic exploration, RT-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to assess the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Additionally, protein levels of secreted cytokines and growth factors were determined using suspension array technology. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that TMAO enhances RANKL and M-CSF-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TMAO triggers the upregulation of the NF-κB pathway and osteoclast-related genes (NFATc1, c-Fos, NF-κB p65, Traf6, and Cathepsin K). Furthermore, TMAO markedly elevated the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TMAO enhances RANKL and M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation and inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings offer a new rationale for further academic and clinical research on osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chizhen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujuan Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengkun Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianquan He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Humanity Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Carpio LE, Olivares M, Benítez-Paez A, Serrano-Candelas E, Barigye SJ, Sanz Y, Gozalbes R. Comparative Binding Study of Gliptins to Bacterial DPP4-like Enzymes for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5744. [PMID: 38891933 PMCID: PMC11171585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with host metabolic health, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, is garnering increasing attention. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, commonly known as gliptins, constitute a class of drugs extensively used in T2DM treatment. However, their potential interactions with gut microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed computational methodologies to investigate the binding affinities of various gliptins to DPP4-like homologs produced by intestinal bacteria. The 3D structures of DPP4 homologs from gut microbiota species, including Segatella copri, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, Parabacteroides merdae, and Alistipes sp., were predicted using computational modeling techniques. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for 200 ns to ensure the stability of the predicted structures. Stable structures were then utilized to predict the binding interactions with known gliptins through molecular docking algorithms. Our results revealed binding similarities of gliptins toward bacterial DPP4 homologs compared to human DPP4. Specifically, certain gliptins exhibited similar binding scores to bacterial DPP4 homologs as they did with human DPP4, suggesting a potential interaction of these drugs with gut microbiota. These findings could help in understanding the interplay between gliptins and gut microbiota DPP4 homologs, considering the intricate relationship between the host metabolism and microbial communities in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureano E. Carpio
- ProtoQSAR SL, CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (L.E.C.); (E.S.-C.)
- MolDrug AI Systems SL, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.O.); (A.B.-P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Paez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.O.); (A.B.-P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- ProtoQSAR SL, CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (L.E.C.); (E.S.-C.)
| | | | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain; (M.O.); (A.B.-P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (L.E.C.); (E.S.-C.)
- MolDrug AI Systems SL, 46018 Valencia, Spain
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Pandey S. Metabolomics Characterization of Disease Markers in Diabetes and Its Associated Pathologies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38778629 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the change in lifestyle of people, there has been a considerable increase in diabetes, which brings with it certain follow-up pathological conditions, which lead to a substantial medical burden. Identifying biomarkers that aid in screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of diabetes and its associated pathologies would help better patient management and facilitate a personalized treatment approach for prevention and treatment. With the advancement in techniques and technologies, metabolomics has emerged as an omics approach capable of large-scale high throughput data analysis and identifying and quantifying metabolites that provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of the disease and its progression. Diabetes and metabolomics keywords were searched in correspondence with the assigned keywords, including kidney, cardiovascular diseases and critical illness from PubMed and Scopus, from its inception to Dec 2023. The relevant studies from this search were extracted and included in the study. This review is focused on the biomarkers identified in diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, diabetes-related development of CVD, and its role in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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39
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Bao M, Li H, Li J. Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide is correlated with high coronary artery atherosclerotic burden in individuals with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 38773380 PMCID: PMC11106919 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota and has been reported to be correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Although TMAO is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) history. However, the correlation between TMAO and the atherosclerotic burden in newly diagnosed cases of CHD is unknown. METHODS In this hospital-based study, we enrolled 429 individuals newly diagnosed with CHD undergoing coronary angiography. Plasma TMAO was assessed before coronary angiography. SYNTAX score was computed during coronary angiography to estimate the coronary artery atherosclerotic burden. Both linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the correlation between plasma TMAO levels and SYNTAX score in newly diagnosed CHD population. RESULTS The TMAO in patients with SYNTAX ≥ 33 and subjects with SYNTAX < 23 were 6.10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.53 to 9.15) µmol/L and 4.90 [IQR: 3.25 to 7.68] µmol/L, respectively. Linear regression adjusting for traditional risk factors showed TMAO level was positively correlated with SYNTAX score (β = 0.179; p = 0.006) in CHD population. When TMAO was added to models with traditional risk factors, the predictive value improved significantly, with the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) increased from 0.7312 to 0.7502 (p = 0.003). Stratified analysis showed that the correlations did not hold true for subjects who were non-smoker or with histories of diabetes. None of the stratifying factors significantly altered the correlation (all p for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found a positive linear correlation between plasma TMAO and SYNTAX score among newly diagnosed CHD individuals in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Xi Shiku Street No. 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Haotong Li
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Xi Shiku Street No. 8, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
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Zhen J, Li X, Yu H, Du B. High-density lipoprotein mimetic nano-therapeutics targeting monocytes and macrophages for improved cardiovascular care: a comprehensive review. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38760755 PMCID: PMC11100215 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to be a challenge for global health, necessitating innovative solutions. The potential of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic nanotherapeutics in the context of cardiovascular disease and the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions between monocyte-derived cells and HDL mimetic showing their impact on inflammation, cellular lipid metabolism, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics can regulate monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, suggesting their potential to impede the progression of atherosclerosis. The challenges and opportunities associated with the clinical application of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics, emphasize the need for additional research to gain a better understanding of the precise molecular pathways and long-term effects of these nanotherapeutics on monocytes and macrophages to maximize their therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases highlights the potential of nanoparticles for targeted treatments. Moreover, the concept of theranostics combines therapy and diagnosis to create a selective platform for the conversion of traditional therapeutic medications into specialized and customized treatments. The multifaceted contributions of HDL to cardiovascular and metabolic health via highlight its potential to improve plaque stability and avert atherosclerosis-related problems. There is a need for further research to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics and to develop targeted treatment approaches to prevent atherosclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of nanotherapeutics in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bing Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Cui X, Zhang T, Xie T, Guo FX, Zhang YY, Deng YJ, Wang Q, Guo YX, Dong MH, Luo XT. Research Progress on the Correlation Between Hypertension and Gut Microbiota. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:2371-2387. [PMID: 38770171 PMCID: PMC11104380 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s463880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang-xi Guo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ying Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jia Deng
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardio Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Wang C, Zhu H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Zhong Y, Qiu S, Xiong X, Jian Z. Bibliometric analysis of the gut microbiota and stroke from 2002 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30424. [PMID: 38765104 PMCID: PMC11101820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and the functional status of the gut plays a key role in patients' prognosis. Recent publications have explored the gut association with stroke, but few articles have been published that specifically address a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the gut microbiota and its association with stroke. To address this gap, we used bibliometric methods to examine the landscape of research concerning the gut and stroke over approximately two decades, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). On November 1, 2022, a search was conducted for English-language articles published between 2002 and 2022, with only including original articles. Visual and statistical analyses were performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix 4.1.0 Package. After screening relevant articles, the results revealed that the number of articles published in this field has progressively increased during the last two decades. In particular, the total number of publications rapidly increased year by year from 2014. Among them, China ranked first in the world with a total of 227 publications. Authorship analysis highlighted Wang Z as the most prolific author, with 18 publications and an H-index of 14, highlighting significant contributions to this field. Meanwhile, the Southern Medical University of China was identified as the most productive institution. Moreover, analysis of keywords revealed that 'cerebral ischemia', 'intestinal microbiota', 'gut microbiota', and 'trimethylamine N-oxide' were popular topics searched, and research on the relationship between stroke and the gut continues to be a research hotspot. In summary, this study presents an overview of the progress and emerging trends in research on the relationship between stroke and gut health over the past two decades, providing a valuable resource for researchers aiming to understand the current state of the field and identify potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Sheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation for Neuromodulation, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
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Saadh MJ, Bazghandi B, Jamialahmdi H, Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran F, Forouzanfar F, Esmaeili SA, Saburi E. Therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering probiotics on the atherosclerosis development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176527. [PMID: 38554932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis, mostly attributed to lifestyle behavior such as diet. Recent advances have emphasized the critical effects of gastrointestinal bacteria in the pathology of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, suggesting that the gastrointestinal microbiome can therefore provide efficient therapeutic targets for preventing and treating atherosclerosis. Thus, interventions, such as probiotic therapy, aimed at altering the bacterial composition introduce a promising therapeutic procedure. In the current review, we will provide an overview of anti-atherogenic probiotics contributing to lipid-lowering, inhibiting atherosclerotic inflammation, and suppressing bacterial atherogenic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
| | - Behina Bazghandi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Jamialahmdi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran.
| | | | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mao ZH, Gao ZX, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS, Wu P. Ferroptosis: a potential bridge linking gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:234. [PMID: 38750055 PMCID: PMC11096411 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of lipid peroxidation-driven, iron-dependent programmed cell death. Various metabolic pathways, including those involved in lipid and iron metabolism, contribute to ferroptosis regulation. The gut microbiota not only supplies nutrients and energy to the host, but also plays a crucial role in immune modulation and metabolic balance. In this review, we explore the metabolic pathways associated with ferroptosis and the impact of the gut microbiota on host metabolism. We subsequently summarize recent studies on the influence and regulation of ferroptosis by the gut microbiota and discuss potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiota affects ferroptosis. Additionally, we conduct a bibliometric analysis of the relationship between the gut microbiota and ferroptosis in the context of chronic kidney disease. This analysis can provide new insights into the current research status and future of ferroptosis and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Mao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong-Xiuzi Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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Aleksova A, Fluca AL, Stornaiuolo M, Barbati G, Pierri A, Zwas DR, Santon D, D'Errico S, Marketou M, Sinagra G, Avraham Y, Novellino E, Janjusevic M. Intra-hospital variation of gut microbiota product, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), predicts future major adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00111-8. [PMID: 38729348 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with atherosclerosis and poor outcome. We evaluated the prognostic impact of intra-hospital TMAO variation on patient outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood samples from 149 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were taken on admission and discharge. Plasma TMAO was determined by HPLC-MS. The endpoint was a composite three-point MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events), including all-cause mortality, re-infarction, or heart failure (HF) development. Median TMAO concentration on admission was significantly higher than on discharge (respectively, 7.81 [3.47-19.98] vs 3.45 [2.3-4.78] μM, p < 0.001). After estimating the 3.45 μM TMAO cut-off with the analysis of the continuous hazard ratio, we divided our cohort into two groups. The first group included 75 (50.3%) patients whose TMAO levels remained below or decreased under cut-off (low-low/high-low; LL/HL), while the second group included 74 (49.7%) patients whose TMAO levels remained high or increased above the cut-off during hospitalisation (high-high/low-high; HH/LH). During the median 30-month follow-up, 21.5% of patients experienced the composite endpoint. At Kaplan-Meier analysis, a trend of increasing MACE risk was observed in patients in the HH/LH group (p = 0.05). At multivariable Cox analysis, patients from the HH/LH group had more than two times higher risk of MACE during the follow-up than the LL/HL group (HR = 2.15 [95% CI, 1.03-4.5], p = 0.04). Other independent predictors of MACE were older age and worse left ventricular systolic function. CONCLUSION In patients with AMI, permanently high or increasing TMAO levels during hospitalisation are associated with a higher risk of MACE during long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Barbati
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Cardiology, San Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniela Santon
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department Crete, Greece
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yosefa Avraham
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Public Health Medical Faculty Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy; Inventia Biotech Centro Ricerche Alimentari Healthcare, Caserta, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Zhong R, Shen L, Fan Y, Luo Q, Hong R, Sun X, Zhou X, Wan J. Anti-aging mechanism and effect of treatment with raw and wine-steamed Polygonatum sibiricum on D-galactose-induced aging in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1335786. [PMID: 38774211 PMCID: PMC11106437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) first recorded in Mingyi Bielu. The book documents that PS can nourish five internal organs, be taken for a long time, relax the body and prolong lifespan. Presently, PS is widely used in TCM to prevent premature graying of hair. Based on TCM theory and clinical trials, the wine steaming processed product from PS provides a better effect. However, no published study has elucidated the anti-aging mechanism. Purpose The study aim was to investigate the anti-aging mechanism of PS and its wine steaming processed product in mice, specifically focusing on the effect of D-galactose (D-gal) surrounding the intestinal flora and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response elements (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Methods The chemical components in Raw PS (RPS) and Wine-steamed PS (WPS) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). An aging model using Kunming mice was established through intraperitoneally injected D-gal. Concentrations of RPS and WPS at 5, 10, or 15 g/kg/day levels were administered intragastrically, respectively. The body weight, liver and spleen indexes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in serum and brain tissue were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained brain tissue was histopathologically examined. The expressions of Keap1, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue at the mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Moreover, an Illumina Hiseq platform was used for 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the proportions of intestinal flora in aging mice. Results The proportions of saccharides, flavonoids, and triterpene acids were different between RPS and WPS. In the aging model mice, WPS outperformed RPS in improving body weight and mental state by increasing the spleen index, SOD and GSH-PX activities, decreasing the liver index and MDA activities, and restoring the histopathological morphology in D-gal-induced aging mice. At the mRNA levels, RPS and WPS significantly reduced the expression of Keap1 and increased the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. The trend in protein expressions was similar to that of the mRNA results, and WPS had a stronger effect than RPS. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that RPS and WPS restored intestinal microbiota proportions to normal levels. Conclusion The results demonstrated that PS and its WPS had a positive effect in relieving oxidative stress in aging mice. WPS outperformed RPS, which might be related to the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Shen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Fan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaomei Luo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Hong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Yan Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Yi C, Yu B, Pang X, Li K, Li H, Dai Y. Crosstalk between intestinal flora and human iron metabolism: the role in metabolic syndrome-related comorbidities and its potential clinical application. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127667. [PMID: 38442456 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of iron and intestinal flora, both of which play crucial roles in many physiologic processes, is involved in the development of Metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a pathologic condition represented by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS-related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, metabolism-related fatty liver (MAFLD), hypertension polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and so forth. In this review, we examine the interplay between intestinal flora and human iron metabolism and its underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of MetS-related comorbidities. The composition and metabolites of intestinal flora regulate the level of human iron by modulating intestinal iron absorption, the factors associated with iron metabolism. On the other hand, the iron level also affects the abundance, composition, and metabolism of intestinal flora. The crosstalk between these factors is of significant importance in human metabolism and exerts varying degrees of influence on the manifestation and progression of MetS-related comorbidities. The findings derived from these studies can enhance our comprehension of the interplay between intestinal flora and iron metabolism, and open up novel potential therapeutic approaches toward MetS-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunmei Yi
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunyang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - HuHu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yongna Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Sun L, Chen W, Shang L, Li J, Hou T, Li B. Regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism and application based on the colloidal nutrition science properties of konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121849. [PMID: 38388033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hydration properties, adsorption properties, rheological properties, have an important influence on the physiological process of host digestion and absorption, leading to the differences in satiety and glucose and lipid metabolisms. Based on the diversified physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM), it is meaningful to review the relationship of structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and glycose and lipid metabolism. Firstly, this paper bypassed the category of intestinal microbes, and explained the potential of dietary fiber in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism during nutrient digestion and absorption from the perspective of colloidal nutrition. Secondly, the modification methods of KGM to regulate its physicochemical properties were discussed and the relationship between KGM's molecular structure types and glycose and lipid metabolism were summarized. Finally, based on the characteristics of KGM, the application of KGM in the main material and ingredients of fat reduction food was reviewed. We hope this work could provide theoretical basis for the study of dietary fiber colloid nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Zhang Z, Lv T, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang R, Yang X, Fu Y, Liu Z. Role of the microbiota-gut-heart axis between bile acids and cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116567. [PMID: 38583340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) receptors (e.g., farnesoid X-activated receptor, muscarinic receptor) are expressed in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the relevance of BAs to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hydrophobic BAs are cardiotoxic, while hydrophilic BAs are cardioprotective. For example, fetal cardiac insufficiency in maternal intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, and the degree of fetal cardiac abnormality, is closely related to the level of hydrophobic BAs in maternal blood and infant blood. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (the most hydrophilic BA) can reverse/prevent these detrimental effects of increased levels of hydrophobic BAs on the heart. The gut microbiota (GM) and GM metabolites (especially secondary BAs) have crucial roles in hypertension, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, and heart failure. Herein, we describe the relationship between CVD and the GM at the BA level. We combine the concept of the "microbiota-gut-heart axis" (MGHA) and postulate the role and mechanism of BAs in CVD development. In addition, the strategies for treating CVD with BAs under the MGHA are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Menglu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yongping Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
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50
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Shariff S, Kwan Su Huey A, Parag Soni N, Yahia A, Hammoud D, Nazir A, Uwishema O, Wojtara M. Unlocking the gut-heart axis: exploring the role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2752-2758. [PMID: 38694298 PMCID: PMC11060260 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal player in cardiovascular health and disease, extending its influence beyond the gut through intricate metabolic processes and interactions with the immune system. Accumulating evidence supports a significant association between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Dietary patterns have been identified as key factors shaping the composition of the gut microbiota and exerting notable impacts on cardiovascular health. Probiotics and prebiotics have shown promise in mitigating the risks of cardiovascular disease by modulating key cardiovascular parameters. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently emerged as a novel and intriguing therapeutic strategy. Aim This review paper aims to explore and elucidate the multifaceted role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular health. It will also address the prevailing challenges and limitations in gut microbiota studies, emphasizing the importance of future research in overcoming these obstacles to expand our understanding of the gut-heart axis. Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases including ClinicalTrials, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Ovid Resources. The search strategy included utilizing keywords such as "Gut microbiota," "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)," "Gut-heart axis," "Dysbiosis," "Diet," "Probiotics," "Prebiotics," "Faecal Microbiota transplantation," "cardiovascular disease," "Meta-analyses," and other compatible terms thereof. Only articles written in English were considered, and selection criteria included relevance to the research objectives, reasonable sample sizes, and robust methodology. In addition to the identified articles, meta-analyses, animal models and studies, and references from the selected articles were also examined to ensure a comprehensive review of the literature. Results Dietary patterns exert a significant influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, and certain diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been associated with a favourable gut microbiota profile and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Probiotics and prebiotics have emerged as potential interventions to mitigate CVD risks by modulating blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profiles, and gut dysbiosis. Another innovative therapeutic approach is FMT, which involves transferring faecal material from a healthy donor to restore a balanced gut microbiota. FMT holds promise for improving cardiometabolic parameters in individuals with CVD, although further research is needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms and assess its effectiveness. Conclusion The gut microbiota is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for CVD prevention and management. However, current research has limitations, including the need for larger and more diverse studies, the challenges of establishing causality, and concerns regarding the long-term consequences and safety of gut microbiota modulation. Despite these limitations, understanding the gut-heart axis holds promise for the development of personalized therapies and interventions for cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to expand our knowledge and address the ethical and safety issues associated with gut microbiota modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanobar Shariff
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alicia Kwan Su Huey
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Medical School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nishant Parag Soni
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- GMERS Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Amer Yahia
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Mohamed 6 of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Doha Hammoud
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Abubakar Nazir
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Olivier Uwishema
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- Clinton Global Initiative University, New York, NY
- Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Magda Wojtara
- Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education, Kigali, Rwanda
- University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI
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