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Ganelin‐Cohen E, Buxbaum C, Bosak N, Sobol S, Vaknin‐Dembinsky A, Hellmann MA, Wilf‐Yarkoni A, Regev K, Pustovoyt E, Shifrin A, Wexler Y, Rozenberg A. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on multiple sclerosis activity as reflected by MRI. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3587. [PMID: 38940313 PMCID: PMC11212002 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Examining the safety of theBNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients remains inconclusive, particularly regarding the potential for disease exacerbations. This study aims to assess the effects of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination on disease activity in MS patients through sequential MRI imaging. METHODS A retrospective study of 84 MS patients from five Israeli hospitals was conducted. MS lesion load was determined from three brain MRI scans, one postvaccination and two prevaccination scans. A post hoc analysis compared subgroups featuring vaccinated and unvaccinated patients respectively, with early onset MS. RESULTS The cohort included 70 women with early onset (mean age 16.4 ± 0.8 years) and adult onset (mean age 34.9 ± 1.1 years) MS. Among the early onset group, vaccinated patients showed an increased risk of new lesions (p = .00026), while there was no increased risk among adult-onset patients. Additionally, a comparison between early onset vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups revealed a higher risk of increased lesions in the vaccinated group (p = .024). DISCUSSION Overall, the study suggests that the BNT162b2 vaccine is generally safe in MS patients, with no association found between vaccination and new lesions in most patients. However, close MRI follow-up is recommended for early-onset MS cases to monitor lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ganelin‐Cohen
- Neuroimmunological ClinicInstitute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelPetah TikvaIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Chen Buxbaum
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Shani Sobol
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Adi Vaknin‐Dembinsky
- Unit for Neuro‐Immunology, Multiple Sclerosis & Cell Therapy, Department of NeurologyHadassah Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Mark A Hellmann
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical CenterBeilinson HospitalPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Adi Wilf‐Yarkoni
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical CenterBeilinson HospitalPetah TikvaIsrael
| | - Keren Regev
- The Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology InstituteTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Elizaveta Pustovoyt
- The Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology InstituteTel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Alla Shifrin
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Yair Wexler
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ayal Rozenberg
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus and Ruth and Bruce Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, TechnionIsrael Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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Sugisawa R, Shanahan KA, Davis GM, Davey GP, Bowie AG. SARM1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human monocytes by NADase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. iScience 2024; 27:109940. [PMID: 38832024 PMCID: PMC11145347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARM1 is a Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing protein with roles in innate immunity and neuronal death in diverse organisms. Unlike other innate immune TIR proteins that function as adaptors for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), SARM1 has NADase activity, and this activity regulates murine neuronal cell death. However, whether human SARM1, and its NADase activity, are involved in innate immune regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that human SARM1 regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in both an NADase-dependent and -independent manner in monocytes. SARM1 negatively regulated TLR4-dependent TNF mRNA induction independently of its NADase activity. In contrast, SARM1 inhibited IL-1β secretion through both NADase-dependent inhibition of pro-IL-1β expression, and NADase-independent suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and hence processing of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β. Our study reveals multiple mechanisms whereby SARM1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and shows, compared to other mammalian TIR proteins, a distinct NADase-dependent role for SARM1 in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sugisawa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katharine A. Shanahan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin M. Davis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P. Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Cunha A, Perazzio S. Effects of immune exhaustion and senescence of innate immunity in autoimmune disorders. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13225. [PMID: 38896644 PMCID: PMC11186593 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune system activation is crucial in the inflammatory response, but uncontrolled activation can lead to autoimmune diseases. Cellular exhaustion and senescence are two processes that contribute to innate immune tolerance breakdown. Exhausted immune cells are unable to respond adequately to specific antigens or stimuli, while senescent cells have impaired DNA replication and metabolic changes. These processes can impair immune system function and disrupt homeostasis, leading to the emergence of autoimmunity. However, the influence of innate immune exhaustion and senescence on autoimmune disorders is not well understood. This review aims to describe the current findings on the role of innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity, focusing on the cellular and molecular changes involved in each process. Specifically, the article explores the markers and pathways associated with immune exhaustion, such as PD-1 and TIM-3, and senescence, including Β-galactosidase (β-GAL), lamin B1, and p16ink4a, and their impact on autoimmune diseases, namely type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated myopathies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying innate immune exhaustion and senescence in autoimmunity may provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.L.S. Cunha
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.F. Perazzio
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Divisão de Imunologia, Laboratório Fleury, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ramoni D, Tirandi A, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Sepsis in elderly patients: the role of neutrophils in pathophysiology and therapy. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:901-917. [PMID: 38294676 PMCID: PMC11186952 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is among the most important causes of mortality, particularly within the elderly population. Sepsis prevalence is on the rise due to different factors, including increasing average population age and the concomitant rise in the prevalence of frailty and chronic morbidities. Recent investigations have unveiled a "trimodal" trajectory for sepsis-related mortality, with the ultimate zenith occurring from 60 to 90 days until several years after the original insult. This prolonged temporal course ostensibly emanates from the sustained perturbation of immune responses, persevering beyond the phase of clinical convalescence. This phenomenon is particularly associated with the aging immune system, characterized by a broad dysregulation commonly known as "inflammaging." Inflammaging associates with a chronic low-grade activation of the innate immune system preventing an appropriate response to infective agents. Notably, during the initial phases of sepsis, neutrophils-essential in combating pathogens-may exhibit compromised activity. Paradoxically, an overly zealous neutrophilic reaction has been observed to underlie multi-organ dysfunction during the later stages of sepsis. Given this scenario, discovering treatments that can enhance neutrophil activity during the early phases of sepsis while curbing their overactivity in the later phases could prove beneficial in fighting pathogens and reducing the detrimental effects caused by an overactive immune system. This narrative review delves into the potential key role of neutrophils in the pathological process of sepsis, focusing on how the aging process impacts their functions, and highlighting possible targets for developing immune-modulatory therapies. Additionally, the review includes tables that outline the principal potential targets for immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ramoni
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.
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Takahashi S, Nakagawa K, Nagata W, Koizumi A, Ishizuka T. A preliminary therapeutic study of the effects of molecular hydrogen on intestinal dysbiosis and small intestinal injury in high-fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice. Nutrition 2024; 122:112372. [PMID: 38428218 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging and excessive fat intake may additively induce dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammatory damage. Here, we analyzed microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal injury in high-fat diet-loaded senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Additionally, we examined whether treatment with molecular hydrogen could improve the intestinal environment. METHODS SAMP8 and SAMR1 (control) mice were first fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 wk (n = 10 each group). Subsequently, HFD was supplemented with a placebo jelly or hydrogen-rich jelly (HRJ) for 4 wk. After treatment, isolated small intestinal tissues were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Furthermore, we analyzed alterations in the microbiota composition in cecal feces using 16S rRNA gene analysis for microbiota profiling. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired Student's t tests or one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULT HFD feeding reduced the expression of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the small intestine of SAMP8. HRJ treatment improved the reduction in CDX2 and BrdU and enhanced MDA levels. We performed a sequence analysis of the gut microbiota at the genus level and identified 283 different bacterial genera from the 30 samples analyzed in the study. Among them, Parvibacter positively correlated with both HFD intake and aging, whereas 10 bacteria, including Anaerofustis, Anaerosporobacter, Butyricicoccus, and Ruminococcus were negatively correlated with both HFD and aging. HRJ treatment increased Lactinobactor and decreased Akkermansia, Gracilibacter, and Marvinbryantia abundance. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that treatment with molecular hydrogen may affect microbiota profiling and suppress intestinal injury in HFD-loaded SAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology of National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology of National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wataru Nagata
- Department of Pharmacology of National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiho Koizumi
- Department of Pharmacology of National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology of National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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Ukraintseva S, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Arbeev K, Duan H, Gorbunova G, Stallard E, Yashin A. Associations of infections and vaccines with Alzheimer's disease point to a role of compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen in AD. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112411. [PMID: 38548241 PMCID: PMC11060001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverse pathogens (viral, bacterial, fungal) have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related traits in various studies. This suggests that compromised immunity, rather than specific microbes, may play a role in AD by increasing an individual's vulnerability to various infections, which could contribute to neurodegeneration. If true, then vaccines that have heterologous effects on immunity, extending beyond protection against the targeted disease, may hold a potential for AD prevention. METHODS We evaluated the associations of common adult infections (herpes simplex, zoster (shingles), pneumonia, and recurrent mycoses), and vaccinations against shingles and pneumonia, with the risks of AD and other dementias in a pseudorandomized sample of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). RESULTS Shingles, pneumonia and mycoses, diagnosed between ages 65 and 75, were all associated with significantly increased risk of AD later in life, by 16 %-42 %. Pneumococcal and shingles vaccines administered between ages 65-75 were both associated with a significantly lower risk of AD, by 15 %-21 %. These effects became less pronounced when AD was combined with other dementias. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that both the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and the live attenuated zoster vaccine can offer significant protection against AD. It remains to be determined if non-live shingles vaccine has a similar beneficial effect on AD. This study also found significant associations of various infections with the risk of AD, but not with the risks of other dementias. This indicates that vulnerability to infections may play a more significant role in AD than in other types of dementia, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Arseniy P Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongzhe Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Galina Gorbunova
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Carrasco-Hernández R, Valenzuela-Ponce H, Soto-Nava M, García-Morales C, Matías-Florentino M, Wertheim JO, Smith DM, Reyes-Terán G, Ávila-Ríos S. Unveiling ecological/evolutionary insights in HIV viral load dynamics: Allowing random slopes to observe correlational changes to CpG-contents and other molecular and clinical predictors. Epidemics 2024; 47:100770. [PMID: 38761432 PMCID: PMC11213286 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of infectious diseases, the dynamic interplay between ever-changing host populations and viral biology demands a more flexible modeling approach than common fixed correlations. Embracing random-effects regression models allows for a nuanced understanding of the intricate ecological and evolutionary dynamics underlying complex phenomena, offering valuable insights into disease progression and transmission patterns. In this article, we employed a random-effects regression to model an observed decreasing median plasma viral load (pVL) among individuals with HIV in Mexico City during 2019-2021. We identified how these functional slope changes (i.e. random slopes by year) improved predictions of the observed pVL median changes between 2019 and 2021, leading us to hypothesize underlying ecological and evolutionary factors. Our analysis involved a dataset of pVL values from 7325 ART-naïve individuals living with HIV, accompanied by their associated clinical and viral molecular predictors. A conventional fixed-effects linear model revealed significant correlations between pVL and predictors that evolved over time. However, this fixed-effects model could not fully explain the reduction in median pVL; thus, prompting us to adopt random-effects models. After applying a random effects regression model-with random slopes and intercepts by year-, we observed potential "functional changes" within the local HIV viral population, highlighting the importance of ecological and evolutionary considerations in HIV dynamics: A notably stronger negative correlation emerged between HIV pVL and the CpG content in the pol gene, suggesting a changing immune landscape influenced by CpG-induced innate immune responses that could impact viral load dynamics. Our study underscores the significance of random effects models in capturing dynamic correlations and the crucial role of molecular characteristics like CpG content. By enriching our understanding of changing host-virus interactions and HIV progression, our findings contribute to the broader relevance of such models in infectious disease research. They shed light on the changing interplay between host and pathogen, driving us closer to more effective strategies for managing infectious diseases. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study highlights a decreasing trend in median plasma viral loads among ART-naïve individuals living with HIV in Mexico City between 2019 and 2021. It uncovers various predictors significantly correlated with pVL, shedding light on the complex interplay between host-virus interactions and disease progression. By employing a random-slopes model, the researchers move beyond traditional fixed-effects models to better capture dynamic correlations and evolutionary changes in HIV dynamics. The discovery of a stronger negative correlation between pVL and CpG content in HIV-pol sequences suggests potential changes in the immune landscape and innate immune responses, opening avenues for further research into adaptive changes and responses to environmental shifts in the context of HIV infection. The study's emphasis on molecular characteristics as predictors of pVL adds valuable insights to epidemiological and evolutionary studies of viruses, providing new avenues for understanding and managing HIV infection at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Carrasco-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Valenzuela-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico
| | - Maribel Soto-Nava
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico
| | - Claudia García-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico
| | - Margarita Matías-Florentino
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Coordinación de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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8
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Terao R, Lee TJ, Colasanti J, Pfeifer CW, Lin JB, Santeford A, Hase K, Yamaguchi S, Du D, Sohn BS, Sasaki Y, Yoshida M, Apte RS. LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD + depletion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114102. [PMID: 38636518 PMCID: PMC11223747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulated cholesterol metabolism predisposes aging tissues to inflammation and a plethora of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we show that metabolic and genotoxic stresses, convergently acting through liver X nuclear receptor, upregulate CD38 to promote lysosomal cholesterol efflux, leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion in macrophages. Cholesterol-mediated NAD+ depletion induces macrophage senescence, promoting key features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including subretinal lipid deposition and neurodegeneration. NAD+ augmentation reverses cellular senescence and macrophage dysfunction, preventing the development of AMD phenotype. Genetic and pharmacological senolysis protect against the development of AMD and neurodegeneration. Subretinal administration of healthy macrophages promotes the clearance of senescent macrophages, reversing the AMD disease burden. Thus, NAD+ deficit induced by excess intracellular cholesterol is the converging mechanism of macrophage senescence and a causal process underlying age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tae Jun Lee
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Colasanti
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles W Pfeifer
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph B Lin
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Santeford
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keitaro Hase
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Du
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Sohn
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitsukuni Yoshida
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Martin JM, Moehling Geffel K, Ortiz MA, Rajasundaram D, Nowalk MP, Zimmerman RK, Alcorn JF. Differential Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes by Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Children During the 2018-2019 Season. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1393-1401. [PMID: 37665976 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based quadrivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine has been shown to have higher vaccine effectiveness than traditional egg-based quadrivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine. This is observed despite similar levels of serum hemagglutinin antibodies induced by each vaccine. METHODS In this study, we examine peripheral immune activation after egg-based or cell-based influenza vaccination in a clinical trial in children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and ribonucleic acid was sequenced from 81 study participants (41 Fluzone, egg based and 40 Flucelvax, cell based) pre- and 7 days postvaccination. Seroconversion was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition assay. Differential gene expression was determined and pathway analysis was conducted. RESULTS Cell-based influenza vaccine induced greater interferon-stimulated and innate immune gene activation compared with egg-based influenza vaccine. Participants who seroconverted had increased interferon-signaling activation versus those who did not seroconvert. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cell-based influenza vaccine stimulates immune activation differently from egg-based influenza vaccine, shedding light on reported differences in vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marianna A Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Liu ES, Wu YT, Liang WM, Kuo FY. Association of scrub typhus with the risk of venous thromboembolism and long-term mortality: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:905-914. [PMID: 38472518 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature lacks studies examining the epidemiological link between scrub typhus and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), and the long-term outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore the potential association between scrub typhus and the subsequent risk of venous thromboembolism, and long-term mortality. METHOD This nationwide cohort study identified 10,121 patients who were newly diagnosed with scrub typhus. Patients with a prior DVT or PE diagnosis before the scrub typhus infection were excluded. A comparison cohort of 101,210 patients was established from the general population using a propensity score matching technique. The cumulative survival HRs for the two cohorts were calculated by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULT After adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, the scrub typhus group had an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.02 (0.80-1.30) for DVT, 1.11 (0.63-1.93) for PE, and 1.16 (1.08-1.25) for mortality compared to the control group. The post hoc subgroup analysis revealed that individuals younger than 55 years with a prior scrub typhus infection had a significantly higher risk of DVT (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.12-2.25) and long-term mortality (HR: 1.75; 95% CI, 1.54-1.99). CONCLUSION The scrub typhus patients showed a 16% higher risk of long-term mortality. For those in scrub typhus cohort below 55 years of age, the risk of developing DVT was 1.59 times higher, and the risk of mortality was 1.75 times higher. Age acted as an effect modifier influencing the relationship between scrub typhus and risk of new-onset DVT and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Shao Liu
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yu Kuo
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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11
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Choi UY, Choi YJ, Lee SA, Yoo JS. Cisd2 deficiency impairs neutrophil function by regulating calcium homeostasis via Calnexin and SERCA. BMB Rep 2024; 57:256-261. [PMID: 38627949 PMCID: PMC11139677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of aging, the susceptibility to infectious diseases increases, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. This phenomenon, termed immunosenescence, is characterized by dysregulation in the aging immune system, including abnormal alterations in lymphocyte composition, elevated basal inflammation, and the accumulation of senescent T cells. Such changes contribute to increased autoimmune diseases, enhanced infection severity, and reduced responsiveness to vaccines. Utilizing aging animal models becomes imperative for a comprehensive understanding of immunosenescence, given the complexity of aging as a physiological process in living organisms. Our investigation focuses on Cisd2, a causative gene for Wolfram syndrome, to elucidate on immunosenescence. Cisd2 knockout (KO) mice, serving as a model for premature aging, exhibit a shortened lifespan with early onset of aging-related features, such as decreased bone density, hair loss, depigmentation, and optic nerve degeneration. Intriguingly, we found that the Cisd2 KO mice present a higher number of neutrophils in the blood; however, isolated neutrophils from these mice display functional defects. Through mass spectrometry analysis, we identified an interaction between Cisd2 and Calnexin, a protein known for its role in protein quality control. Beyond this function, Calnexin also regulates calcium homeostasis through interaction with sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA). Our study proposes that Cisd2 modulates calcium homeostasis via its interaction with Calnexin and SERCA, consequently influencing neutrophil functions. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(5): 256-261].
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Yung Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 07478, Korea
- KU Open Innovation Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju 07478, Korea, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, Korea
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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12
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Napolitano M, Potestio L, Nocerino M, Patruno C. Considerations for managing elderly patients with atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:501-511. [PMID: 38193289 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2301967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis in elderly is challenging, due to its clinical polymorphism and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make elderly AD management challenging. AREAS COVERED A narrative review of the current literature was performed using the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Skin databases, by researching the following terms: 'atopic dermatitis,' 'clinical phenotypes,' 'eczema,' 'elderly patients,' 'elderly type atopic dermatitis,' 'eczema clinical presentation.' The aim was to report the current knowledge on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment options of elderly AD. EXPERT OPINION Elderly type AD has recently been identified as a separate entity, with an increasing prevalence. With aging, both immunosenescence and barrier alterations can cause or modify AD presentation. Moreover, a chronic proinflammatory state (so-called 'inflammaging') is often present in elderly subjects. Older patients with AD may present with peculiar immunophenotypic profile, making AD diagnosis challenging. Similarly, the chronicity of the disease and the complex pathogenetic mechanism, make AD management a challenge. Indeed, systemic therapies for AD are often contraindicated or not tolerated and the management of elderly type AD is often burdened with numerous difficulties, leading to undertreated disease. Even if dupilumab and tralokinumab represent a valuable therapeutic weapon, more data on safety of JAK inhibitors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Napolitano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Nocerino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cataldo Patruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Júnior RDSR, Bergamin BDO, Bastos AGR, Silva AMPD, Pires FR, Ferreira DDC, Armada L. Interleukin 17 expression in periapical lesions from elderly patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:863-867. [PMID: 37814401 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of IL-17 in periapical lesions (cysts and granulomas) among elderly individuals and adults. We selected 20 periapical lesions of the elderly (12 granulomas and eight cysts) and 20 periapical lesions of adults (12 granulomas and eight cysts). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using a specific antibody for IL-17. The slides were subdivided into five high magnification fields and then the images were observed through an optical microscope. According to the number of positive markings for the antibody, grades were given, ranging from 0 to 2. RESULTS The results demonstrate that there was no statistical difference when comparing the expression of IL-17 between cysts and granulomas of both groups (study group: cysts 0.7 ± 0.21 × granulomas 0.96 ± 0.58, p = .61; control group: cysts 0.37 ± 0.16 × granulomas 0.31 ± 0.23, p = .27). The comparison between adult (control group) and elderly patients (study group) showed a statistical difference both in cysts (study group: 0.7 ± 0.21 × control group: 0.37 ± 0.16, p = .007) and in granulomas (study group: 0.96 ± 0.58 × control group: 0.31 ± 0.23, p = .0009), in which elderly patients had a higher expression of interleukin 17, in relation to adult patients. CONCLUSION We concluded that elderly patients have a higher expression of IL-17 in both cysts and granulomas, when compared to adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Armada
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Wang B, Han J, Elisseeff JH, Demaria M. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its physiological and pathological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x. [PMID: 38654098 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of terminal growth arrest associated with the upregulation of different cell cycle inhibitors, mainly p16 and p21, structural and metabolic alterations, chronic DNA damage responses, and a hypersecretory state known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP is the major mediator of the paracrine effects of senescent cells in their tissue microenvironment and of various local and systemic biological functions. In this Review, we discuss the composition, dynamics and heterogeneity of the SASP as well as the mechanisms underlying its induction and regulation. We describe the various biological properties of the SASP, its beneficial and detrimental effects in different physiological and pathological settings, and its impact on overall health span. Finally, we discuss the use of the SASP as a biomarker and of SASP inhibitors as senomorphic interventions to treat cancer and other age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, MD, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, Netherlands.
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15
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Natali PG, Imberti L. The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38674719 PMCID: PMC11051847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST- Spedali Civili and DSCS- University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Services Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Mediterranean Task Force for Cancer Control (MTCC), Via Pizzo Bernina, 14, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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16
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Yoon BW, Lee Y, Seo JH. Potential Causal Association between C-Reactive Protein Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:807. [PMID: 38672162 PMCID: PMC11047998 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have proposed a possible correlation between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and inflammation or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the potential causal relationship between CRP levels and AMD. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRP exposure were selected as the instrumental variables (IVs) with significance (p < 5 × 10-8) from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis data of Biobank Japan and the UK Biobank. GWAS data for AMD were obtained from 11 International AMD Genomics Consortium studies. An evaluation of causal estimates, utilizing the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy-Residual-Sum, and Outlier tests, was conducted in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. We observed significant causal associations between CRP levels and AMD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI = [1.02-1.24], and p = 0.014 in IVW; OR = 1.18, 95% CI = [1.00-1.38], and p = 0.044 in weight median; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = [1.13-1.52], and p < 0.001 in MR-Egger). The causal relationship between CRP and AMD warrants further research to address the significance of inflammation as a risk factor for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyung Hospital, Gwangmyung 14353, Republic of Korea;
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea
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17
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Caballero-Sánchez N, Alonso-Alonso S, Nagy L. Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re-build tissues. FEBS J 2024; 291:1597-1614. [PMID: 36440547 PMCID: PMC10225019 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro-inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Caballero-Sánchez
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sergio Alonso-Alonso
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida, USA
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18
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Xiong L, Zhevlakova I, West XZ, Gao D, Murtazina R, Horak A, Brown JM, Molokotina I, Podrez EA, Byzova TV. TLR2 regulates hair follicle cycle and regeneration via BMP signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP89335. [PMID: 38483447 PMCID: PMC10939499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depend on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Xiaoxia Z West
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Detao Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rakhilya Murtazina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Iuliia Molokotina
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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19
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Nouraeinejad A. The bidirectional links between coronavirus disease 2019 and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38451045 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2327403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a critical disease, particularly in the elderly and those with comorbidities. Patients with Alzheimer's disease are more vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences. The latest results have indicated some common risk factors for both diseases. An understanding of the pathological link between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease will help develop timely strategies to treat both diseases. This review explores the bidirectional links between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouraeinejad
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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20
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Saleh Z, Mirzazadeh S, Mirzaei F, Heidarnejad K, Meri S, Kalantar K. Alterations in metabolic pathways: a bridge between aging and weaker innate immune response. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1358330. [PMID: 38505645 PMCID: PMC10949225 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1358330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent progressive physiological process, which results in impaired immune system function. Age-related changes in immune function increase the susceptibility to many diseases such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Different metabolic pathways including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis regulate the development, differentiation, and response of adaptive and innate immune cells. During aging all these pathways change in the immune cells. In addition to the changes in metabolic pathways, the function and structure of mitochondria also have changed in the immune cells. Thereby, we will review changes in the metabolism of different innate immune cells during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Heidarnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Ishida M, Sakai C, Kobayashi Y, Ishida T. Cigarette Smoking and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:189-200. [PMID: 38220184 PMCID: PMC10918046 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular health, particularly atherosclerosis and thrombosis, are well established, and more detailed mechanisms continue to emerge. As the fundamental pathophysiology of the adverse effects of smoking, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis are considered to be particularly important. Cigarette smoke induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vascular dilation and hemostasis regulation. Factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction include reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, increased levels of superoxide anion, and endothelin release. Chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is a central pathogenesis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Smoking systemically elevates inflammatory markers and induces the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in various tissues. Pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns play crucial roles in the mechanism underlying smoking-induced inflammation. Smoking-induced DNA damage and activation of innate immunity, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and Toll-like receptor 9, are shown to amplify inflammatory cytokine expression. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation influence platelet adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation via adhesion molecule upregulation. Furthermore, it affects the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis balance, causing thrombus formation. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to plaque vulnerability and atherothrombotic events. The impact of smoking on inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules further intensifies the risk of atherothrombosis. Collectively, exposure to cigarette smoke exerts profound effects on endothelial function, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate mechanisms highlights the urgent need for smoking cessation to protect cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review investigates the multifaceted mechanisms through which smoking contributes to these life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Bucala R, Tsao BP. The Emerging Spectrum of Somatic Mutation in Rheumatic Disease: Clonal Hematopoiesis Connects Aging With Giant Cell Arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:351-353. [PMID: 37961826 DOI: 10.1002/art.42745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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23
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Sirakawin C, Lin D, Zhou Z, Wang X, Kelleher R, Huang S, Long W, Pires-daSilva A, Liu Y, Wang J, Vinnikov IA. SKN-1/NRF2 upregulation by vitamin A is conserved from nematodes to mammals and is critical for lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14064. [PMID: 38100161 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is a micronutrient essential for the physiology of many organisms, but its role in longevity and age-related diseases remains unclear. In this work, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to study the impact of various bioactive compounds on lifespan. We demonstrate that VA extends lifespan and reduces lipofuscin and fat accumulation while increasing resistance to heat and oxidative stress. This resistance can be attributed to high levels of detoxifying enzymes called glutathione S-transferases, induced by the transcription factor skinhead-1 (SKN-1). Notably, VA upregulated the transcript levels of skn-1 or its mammalian ortholog NRF2 in both C. elegans, human cells, and liver tissues of mice. Moreover, the loss-of-function genetic models demonstrated a critical involvement of the SKN-1 pathway in longevity extension by VA. Our study thus provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of anti-aging and anti-oxidative effects of VA, suggesting that this micronutrient could be used for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaweewan Sirakawin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfa Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyue Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shangyuan Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimiao Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ilya A Vinnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Song M, Liu X, Shen W, Wang Z, Wu J, Jiang J, Liu Y, Xu T, Bian T, Zhang M, Sun W, Huang M, Ji N. IFN-γ decreases PD-1 in T lymphocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5038. [PMID: 38424104 PMCID: PMC10904811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 syndrome may be associated with the abnormal immune status. Compared with the unexposed age-matched elder group, PD-1 in the CD8+ T cells from recovered COVID-19 patients was significantly lower. IFN-γ in the plasma of COVID-19 convalescent patients was increased, which inhibited PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 convalescent patients. scRNA-seq bioinformatics analysis revealed that AKT/GSK3β may regulate the INF-γ/PD-1 axis in CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 convalescent patients. In parallel, an IFN-γ neutralizing antibody reduced AKT and increased GSK3β in PBMCs. An AKT agonist (SC79) significantly decreased p-GSK3β. Moreover, AKT decreased PD-1 on CD8+ T cells, and GSK3β increased PD-1 on CD8+ T cells according to flow cytometry analysis. Collectively, we demonstrated that recovered COVID-19 patients may develop long COVID. Increased IFN-γ in the plasma of recovered Wuhan COVID-19 patients contributed to PD-1 downregulation on CD8+ T cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province People's Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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25
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Deng M, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Chen N, Zhang M, Jiang M, Zhao H, Du J. Increased PD-1 + NK Cell Subset in the Older Population. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:651-661. [PMID: 38435114 PMCID: PMC10907132 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s452476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aging of the immune system is associated with various diseases. It is worth exploring the changes of the immune system in aging. Previous studies have shown that aged T cells have enhanced expression of co-inhibitory molecules. However, it remains unclear whether aged NK cells exhibit similar characteristics to aged T cells. The objective of our research was to clarify this aspect. Patients and Methods This study included 98 adults aged 24-90 years (50 males and 48 females). We detected the subset of peripheral blood NK cells and the expression of various receptors on NK cells among donors of different age groups by flow cytometry. Immune subsets were initially defined by forward and side-scatter characteristics and then staining with the appropriate marker. Results The absolute number and subset distribution of NK cells were not associated with age. However, CD57 expression and CD69 expression were correlated with age. Furthermore, we found that PD-1 was up-regulated on NK cells in older people, associated with aging, while no such change was observed in other co-inhibitory molecules, including 2B4, CTLA-4, TIM-3, BTLA, CD70, CD39, CD160, and TIGIT. PD-1+ NK cells expressed high levels of CD57 and CD69, indicating PD-1+ NK cells displayed a phenotype of over-activation and aging. Discussion This study indicated that PD-1+ NK cells were one of the characteristics of NK cells in older people. Conclusion This study indicated that PD-1+ NK cells were one of the characteristics of NK cells in older people. Those findings provided new ideas to explore the underlying drivers of NK aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiju Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Zeng
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Shibaki R, Fujimoto D, Nozawa T, Sano A, Kitamura Y, Fukuoka J, Sato Y, Kijima T, Matsumoto H, Yokoyama T, Miura S, Hata A, Tamiya M, Taniguchi Y, Sugisaka J, Furuya N, Tanaka H, Yamamoto N, Koh Y, Akamatsu H. Machine learning analysis of pathological images to predict 1-year progression-free survival of immunotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007987. [PMID: 38360040 PMCID: PMC10875545 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) could be a promising biomarker for immunotherapy, but objectively evaluating TIME remains challenging. Hence, we aimed to develop a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy through a machine learning analysis of the TIME. METHODS We conducted a biomarker analysis in a prospective study of patients with extensive-stage SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy as the first-line treatment. We trained a model to predict 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) using pathological images (H&E, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and double immunohistochemical assay (cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)) and patient information. The primary outcome was the mean area under the curve (AUC) of machine learning models in predicting the 1-year PFS. RESULTS We analyzed 100,544 patches of pathological images from 78 patients. The mean AUC values of patient information, pathological image, and combined models were 0.789 (range 0.571-0.982), 0.782 (range 0.750-0.911), and 0.868 (range 0.786-0.929), respectively. The PFS was longer in the high efficacy group than in the low efficacy group in all three models (patient information model, HR 0.468, 95% CI 0.287 to 0.762; pathological image model, HR 0.334, 95% CI 0.117 to 0.628; combined model, HR 0.353, 95% CI 0.195 to 0.637). The machine learning analysis of the TIME had better accuracy than the human count evaluations (AUC of human count, CD8-positive lymphocyte: 0.681, FoxP3-positive lymphocytes: 0.626, PD-L1 score: 0.567). CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis of the TIME using machine learning predicted the immunotherapy efficacy in patients with SCLC, thus supporting its role as an immunotherapy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shibaki
- Internal Medicine Ⅲ, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Internal Medicine Ⅲ, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuka Kitamura
- Department of pathology informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of pathology informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, NHO Kinki Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Sugisaka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Furuya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- Internal Medicine Ⅲ, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Koh
- Internal Medicine Ⅲ, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Internal Medicine Ⅲ, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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27
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Portugal-Cohen M, Oron M, Cohen D, Ma'or Z, Soroka Y, Frusic-Zlotkin M, Kohen R. Advancements in non-invasive skin sampling: Clinical conditions characterization via the assessment of skin surface cytokine biomarkers. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15037. [PMID: 38389180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The skin is increasingly recognized as a biological active organ interacting with the immune system. Given that the epidermal skin layer actively releases various cytokines, non-invasive skin sampling methods could detect these cytokines, offering insights into clinical conditions. This study aims non-invasively measuring cytokine levels directly from the skin surface to characterize different inflammatory chronic disorders in the adult and elderly population: psoriasis, diabetes type 2, rosacea, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aging. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 were sampled from healthy subjects and patients aged 18-80 using skin surface wash technique. A well with sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution was placed on the skin for 30 min, and the extracted solution was collected from the well for further cytokine levels analysis using ELISA assay. Results show distinct cytokine profiles in different pathological processes, healthy controls, affected and unaffected areas. Aging was associated with increased IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 levels in skin. In diabetes, IL-1β and IL-8 levels were elevated in lesional areas, while IL-10 levels were decreased in non-lesional skin. Psoriatic lesions showed elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-8. Rosacea patients had lower IL-10 levels in both lesional and non-lesional areas. CKD patients exhibited significantly lower IL-10 levels compared to healthy individuals. In conclusion, skin surface wash-derived cytokine profiles could serve as "alert biomarkers" for disease prediction, enabling early detection. Additionally, this method's cost-effectiveness allows pre-screening of molecules in clinical studies and holds potential as a tool for biomarkers and omics analysis, enhancing disorder characterization and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dror Cohen
- DermAb.io, Haifa, Israel
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ze'evi Ma'or
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead-Sea & Arava Science Center, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marina Frusic-Zlotkin
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Bi J, Zhang C, Lu C, Mo C, Zeng J, Yao M, Jia B, Liu Z, Yuan P, Xu S. Age-related bone diseases: Role of inflammaging. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103169. [PMID: 38340675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone aging is characterized by an imbalance in the physiological and pathological processes of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, resulting in exacerbated bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Inflammaging, a novel concept in the field of aging research, pertains to the persistent and gradual escalation of pro-inflammatory reactions during the aging process. This phenomenon is distinguished by its low intensity, systemic nature, absence of symptoms, and potential for management. The mechanisms by which inflammaging contribute to age-related chronic diseases, particularly in the context of age-related bone diseases, remain unclear. The precise manner in which systemic inflammation induces bone aging and consequently contributes to the development of age-related bone diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. This article primarily examines the mechanisms underlying inflammaging and its association with age-related bone diseases, to elucidate the potential mechanisms of inflammaging in age-related bone diseases and offer insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caihong Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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29
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Souquette A, Thomas PG. Variation in the basal immune state and implications for disease. eLife 2024; 13:e90091. [PMID: 38275224 PMCID: PMC10817719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pre-existing immunity and its effects on acute infection often focus on memory responses associated with a prior infectious exposure. However, memory responses occur in the context of the overall immune state and leukocytes must interact with their microenvironment and other immune cells. Thus, it is important to also consider non-antigen-specific factors which shape the composite basal state and functional capacity of the immune system, termed here as I0 ('I naught'). In this review, we discuss the determinants of I0. Utilizing influenza virus as a model, we then consider the effect of I0 on susceptibility to infection and disease severity. Lastly, we outline a mathematical framework and demonstrate how researchers can build and tailor models to specific needs. Understanding how diverse factors uniquely and collectively impact immune competence will provide valuable insights into mechanisms of immune variation, aid in screening for high-risk populations, and promote the development of broadly applicable prophylactic and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
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30
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Noce D, Foco L, Orth-Höller D, König E, Barbieri G, Pietzner M, Ghasemi-Semeskandeh D, Coassin S, Fuchsberger C, Gögele M, Del Greco M F, De Grandi A, Summerer M, Wheeler E, Langenberg C, Lass-Flörl C, Pramstaller PP, Kronenberg F, Würzner R, Pattaro C. Genetic determinants of complement activation in the general population. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113611. [PMID: 38159276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is a fundamental innate immune response component. Its alterations are associated with severe systemic diseases. To illuminate the complement's genetic underpinnings, we conduct genome-wide association studies of the functional activity of the classical (CP), lectin (LP), and alternative (AP) complement pathways in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study (n = 4,990). We identify seven loci, encompassing 13 independent, pathway-specific variants located in or near complement genes (CFHR4, C7, C2, MBL2) and non-complement genes (PDE3A, TNXB, ABO), explaining up to 74% of complement pathways' genetic heritability and implicating long-range haplotypes associated with LP at MBL2. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, supported by transcriptome- and proteome-wide colocalization, confirm known causal pathways, establish within-complement feedback loops, and implicate causality of ABO on LP and of CFHR2 and C7 on AP. LP causally influences collectin-11 and KAAG1 levels and the risk of mouth ulcers. These results build a comprehensive resource to investigate the role of complement in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damia Noce
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; MB-LAB - Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Franz-Fischer-Str. 7b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva König
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dariush Ghasemi-Semeskandeh
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Monika Summerer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Tobolka M, Zielińska Z, Fusani L, Huber N, Maggini I, Pola G, Marasco V. Controlled expression of avian pre-migratory fattening influences indices of innate immunity. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060018. [PMID: 38252117 PMCID: PMC10836650 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While immunity is frequently dampened when birds engage in strenuous migratory flights, whether and how immunity changes during the rapid accumulation of energy stores in preparation for migration remains largely unknown. Here we induced pre-migratory fattening through controlled changes of daylight in common quails (Coturnix coturnix) and regularly assessed changes in three markers of constitutive innate immunity (leukocyte coping capacity or LCC, hemagglutination and hemolysis titres) and measures of body composition (lean and fat mass). All the three markers showed similar changes over the pre-migratory fattening process. LCC responses, hemagglutination titres, and hemolysis titres, were on average higher in the mid-fattening phase compared to the peak-fattening phase, when values were similar to those observed prior the start of pre-migratory fattening. At mid-fattening, we found that the birds that showed a larger accumulation of fat mass (as % of body mass) had lower LCC peak responses and hemolysis titres. Reversibly, at mid-fattening, we also found that the birds that kept a higher proportion of lean mass (as % of body mass) had the highest LCC peaks. Our results indicate that migratory birds undergo changes in immune indices (over 8 weeks) as they accumulate energy stores for migration and propose that this could be due to competing or trade-off processes between metabolic remodelling and innate immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Tobolka
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzanna Zielińska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute for Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonida Fusani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University Biology Building, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Huber
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Maggini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianni Pola
- Istituto Sperimentale Zootecnico per la Sicilia, via Roccazzo 85, 90135 Palermo, Italia
| | - Valeria Marasco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Research Institute for Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, 1160 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Fabiani G, Cogozzo C, De Paris A, Di Maria V, Lagomarsini A, Masotti O, Matteini S, Paolucci E, Pelagatti L, Pepe F, Villanti M, Todde F, Pini R, Innocenti F. Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for COVID-19: comparison between different age groups. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:51. [PMID: 38212683 PMCID: PMC10785440 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test whether known prognosticators of COVID-19 maintained their stratification ability across age groups. METHODS We performed a retrospective study. We included all patients (n = 2225), who presented to the Emergency Department of the Careggi University Hospital for COVID-19 in the period February 2020-May 2021, and were admitted to the hospital. The following parameters were analyzed as dichotomized: 1) SpO2/FiO2 ≤ or > 214; 2) creatinine < or ≥ 1.1 mg/dL; 3) Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) < or ≥ 250 U/mL; 4) C Reactive Protein (CRP) < or ≥ 60 mg/100 mL. We divided the study population in four subgroups, based on the quartiles of distribution of age (G1 18-57 years, G2 57-71 years, G3 72-81 years, G4 > 82). The primary end-point was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS By the univariate analysis, the aforementioned dichotomized variables demonstrated a significant association with in-hospital mortality in all subgroups. We introduced them in a multivariate model: in G1 SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 214 (Relative Risk, RR 15.66; 95%CI 3.98-61,74), in G2 creatinine ≥ 1.1 mg/L (RR 2.87, 95%CI 1.30-6.32) and LDH ≥ 250 UI/L (RR 8.71, 95%CI 1,15-65,70), in G3 creatinine ≥ 1.1 mg/L (RR 1.98, 95%CI 1,17-3.36) and CRP ≥ 60 ng/L (RR 2.14, 95%CI 1.23-3.71), in G4 SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 214 (RR 5.15, 95%CI 2.35-11.29), creatinine ≥ 1.1 mg/L (RR 1.75, 95%CI 1.09-2.80) and CRP ≥ 60 ng/L (RR 1.82, 95%CI 1.11-2.98) were independently associated with an increased in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS A mild to moderate respiratory failure showed an independent association with an increased mortality rate only in youngest and oldest patients, while kidney disease maintained a prognostic role regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Fabiani
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolina Cogozzo
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna De Paris
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Maria
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Lagomarsini
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Olimpia Masotti
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Matteini
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Paolucci
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pelagatti
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Villanti
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Todde
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pini
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Innocenti
- High-Dependency Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Lg. Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Reseco L, Molina-Crespo A, Atienza M, Gonzalez E, Falcon-Perez JM, Cantero JL. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Saliva: Effects of Age and Isolation Techniques. Cells 2024; 13:95. [PMID: 38201299 PMCID: PMC10778510 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an attractive source of biomarkers due to the accessibility of saliva and its non-invasive sampling methods. However, the lack of comparative studies assessing the efficacy of different EV isolation techniques hampers the use of salivary EVs in clinical settings. Moreover, the effects of age on salivary EVs are largely unknown, hindering the identification of salivary EV-associated biomarkers across the lifespan. To address these questions, we compared salivary EV concentration, size mode, protein concentration, and purity using eight EV isolation techniques before and after magnetic bead immunocapture with antibodies against CD9, CD63, and CD81. The effects of age on salivary EVs obtained with each isolation technique were further investigated. Results showed higher expression of CD63 on isolated salivary EVs compared to the expression of CD81 and flotillin-1. Overall, magnetic bead immunocapture was more efficient in recovering salivary EVs with Norgen's Saliva Exosome Purification Kit and ExoQuick-TC ULTRA at the cost of EV yield. Regardless of age, Invitrogen Total Exosome Isolation Solution showed the highest level of protein concentration, whereas Izon qEVOriginal-70nm columns revealed the highest purity. This study provides the first comprehensive comparison of salivary EVs in younger and older adults using different EV isolation techniques, which represents a step forward for assessing salivary EVs as a source of potential biomarkers of tissue-specific diseases throughout the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Reseco
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (A.M.-C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Molina-Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (A.M.-C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (A.M.-C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (E.G.); (J.M.F.-P.)
| | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain; (E.G.); (J.M.F.-P.)
- CIBEREHD, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (L.R.); (A.M.-C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Wong CK, McLean BA, Baggio LL, Koehler JA, Hammoud R, Rittig N, Yabut JM, Seeley RJ, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:130-143.e5. [PMID: 38113888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell-mediated gut and systemic inflammation directly through the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R, how GLP-1RAs inhibit systemic inflammation in the absence of widespread immune expression of the GLP-1R remains uncertain. Here, we show that GLP-1R activation attenuates the induction of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists. These actions are not mediated by hematopoietic or endothelial GLP-1Rs but require central neuronal GLP-1Rs. In a cecal slurry model of polymicrobial sepsis, GLP-1RAs similarly require neuronal GLP-1Rs to attenuate detrimental responses associated with sepsis, including sickness, hypothermia, systemic inflammation, and lung injury. Mechanistically, GLP-1R activation leads to reduced TNF-α via α1-adrenergic, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor signaling. These data extend emerging concepts of brain-immune networks and posit a new gut-brain GLP-1R axis for suppression of peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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35
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Piotti P, Pierantoni L, Albertini M, Pirrone F. Inflammation and Behavior Changes in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:1-16. [PMID: 37722946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sickness is a normal response to infections or stress triggered by proinflammatory cytokines that drive local and systemic inflammatory responses. Proinflammatory cytokines act on the brain causing the so called "sickness behavior,"which is thought to improve recovery but can become maladaptive in the long term. Chronic inflammation characterizes many diseases and there is some evidence that dogs and cats experience age-associated increases in inflammation, a condition named "inflammaging." A complex and multifactorial relationship exists between these inflammatory mechanisms, pain, and psychological illness that may complicate veterinary diagnosis and affect the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Piotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pierantoni
- Veterinary Behaviour & Consulting Services at CAN Training Centre, Via Camaldolilli, 79, Naples 80128, Italy
| | - Mariangela Albertini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| | - Federica Pirrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, Lodi 26900, Italy
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36
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Lee HJ, Zhao Y, Fleming I, Mehta S, Wang X, Wyk BV, Ronca SE, Kang H, Chou CH, Fatou B, Smolen KK, Levy O, Clish CB, Xavier RJ, Steen H, Hafler DA, Love JC, Shalek AK, Guan L, Murray KO, Kleinstein SH, Montgomery RR. Early cellular and molecular signatures correlate with severity of West Nile virus infection. iScience 2023; 26:108387. [PMID: 38047068 PMCID: PMC10692672 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) drives a wide range of responses, from asymptomatic to flu-like symptoms/fever or severe cases of encephalitis and death. To identify cellular and molecular signatures distinguishing WNV severity, we employed systems profiling of peripheral blood from asymptomatic and severely ill individuals infected with WNV. We interrogated immune responses longitudinally from acute infection through convalescence employing single-cell protein and transcriptional profiling complemented with matched serum proteomics and metabolomics as well as multi-omics analysis. At the acute time point, we detected both elevation of pro-inflammatory markers in innate immune cell types and reduction of regulatory T cell activity in participants with severe infection, whereas asymptomatic donors had higher expression of genes associated with anti-inflammatory CD16+ monocytes. Therefore, we demonstrated the potential of systems immunology using multiple cell-type and cell-state-specific analyses to identify correlates of infection severity and host cellular activity contributing to an effective anti-viral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- The Institute of Medical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Department of Genetics and Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shannon E. Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heather Kang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Department of Infectious Disease, Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A. Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- The Institute of Medical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- The Institute of Medical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leying Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Li C, Stebbins RC, Noppert GA, Carney CX, Liu C, Sapp ARM, Watson EJ, Aiello AE. Peripheral immune function and Alzheimer's disease: a living systematic review and critical appraisal. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02355-x. [PMID: 38102484 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature examines the relationship between peripheral immune function and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in human populations. Our living systematic review summarizes the characteristics and findings of these studies, appraises their quality, and formulates recommendations for future research. METHODS We searched the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and reviewed references of previous reviews and meta-analyses to identify human studies examining the relationship between any peripheral immune biomarkers and AD up to September 7th, 2023. We examined patterns of reported statistical associations (positive, negative, and null) between each biomarker and AD across studies. Evidence for each biomarker was categorized into four groups based on the proportion of studies reporting different associations: corroborating a positive association with AD, a negative association, a null association, and presenting contradictory findings. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. FINDINGS In total, 286 studies were included in this review. The majority were cross-sectional (n = 245, 85.7%) and hospital-based (n = 248, 86.7%), examining relationships between 187 different peripheral immune biomarkers and AD. Cytokines were the most frequently studied group of peripheral immune biomarkers. Evidence supported a positive association with AD for six biomarkers, including IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, ACT, IL-18, and IL-12, and a negative association for two biomarkers, including lymphocytes and IL-6R. Only a small proportion of included studies (n = 22, 7.7%) were deemed to be of high quality based on quality assessment. INTERPRETATION Existing research on peripheral immune function and AD exhibits substantial methodological variations and limitations, with a notable lack of longitudinal, population-based studies investigating a broad range of biomarkers with prospective AD outcomes. The extent and manner in which peripheral immune function can contribute to AD pathophysiology remain open questions. Given the biomarkers that we identified to be associated with AD, we posit that targeting peripheral immune dysregulation may present a promising intervention point to reduce the burden of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihua Li
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Stebbins
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Grace A Noppert
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constanza X Carney
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashley R M Sapp
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elijah J Watson
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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38
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Magalhães VG, Lukassen S, Drechsler M, Loske J, Burkart SS, Wüst S, Jacobsen EM, Röhmel J, Mall MA, Debatin KM, Eils R, Autenrieth S, Janda A, Lehmann I, Binder M. Immune-epithelial cell cross-talk enhances antiviral responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 in children. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57912. [PMID: 37818799 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing severe COVID-19 rises dramatically with age. Schoolchildren are significantly less likely than older people to die from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this age-dependence are unknown. In primary infections, innate immunity is critical due to the lack of immune memory. Children, in particular, have a significantly stronger interferon response due to a primed state of their airway epithelium. In single-cell transcriptomes of nasal turbinates, we find increased frequencies of immune cells and stronger cytokine-mediated interactions with epithelial cells, resulting in increased epithelial expression of viral sensors (RIG-I, MDA5) via IRF1. In vitro, adolescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce more cytokines, priming A549 cells for stronger interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased numbers of immune cells in the airways of children and enhanced cytokine-based interactions with epithelial cells tune the setpoint of the epithelial antiviral system. Our findings shed light on the molecular basis of children's remarkable resistance to COVID-19 and may suggest a novel concept for immunoprophylactic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Magalhães
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Drechsler
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loske
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandy S Burkart
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Wüst
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
- Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Autenrieth
- Research Group "Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer" (F171), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lu T, Man Q, Xia S, Liu X, Yan Y, Yu X, Fu Y, Liu W, Lu L, Jiang S, Xiong L. Multiple-cohort study of the elderly to determine the immunological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by the low-virulence virus SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Cell Discov 2023; 9:121. [PMID: 38052838 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Man
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Akbari A, Zarifian A, Hadizadeh A, Hajmolarezaei E. Incidence and Outcomes Associated with Menopausal Status in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2023; 45:e796-e807. [PMID: 38141601 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause causes several changes in the body that may affect the response to COVID -19. We aimed to investigate the possible association between menopausal status and incidence and outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Combinations of keywordsCOVID-19, menopause, and estrogen were used to search the PubMed, Embase, Web-of-Science, and Scopus databases for articles reporting the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 (discharge, length-of-admission, intensive care, or mortality) in premenopausal women, available through December 29, 2022. Data from studies comparing the incidence of COVID-19 infection with the age-matched male population were pooled and meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. RESULTS Overall, 1,564 studies were retrieved, of which 12 were finally included in the systematic review to compare disease outcomes, and 6 were meta-analyzed for the incidence of COVID-19 in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. All studies reported better COVID-19-associated outcomes in premenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women. After adjusting for confounding factors, three studies found better outcomes in postmenopausal women, and two found no association between menopausal status and COVID-19 outcomes. Our meta-analysis found a higher incidence of COVID-19 infection among premenopausal women than postmenopausal women, when compared with age-matched men (odds ratio = 1.270; 95% confidence interval: 1.086-1.486; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The incidence of COVID-19 was significantly higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women when compared with age-matched men. Although premenopausal women may have more favorable COVID-19-associated outcomes, the presumed preventive effect of estrogens on the incidence and related outcomes of COVID-19 in premenopausal women cannot be proven at present. Further longitudinal studies comparing pre- and post-menopausal women are required to provide further insight into this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmadreza Zarifian
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- University Hospital Lewisham, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Fitzgerald H, Bonin JL, Khan S, Eid M, Sadhu S, Rahtes A, Lipscomb M, Biswas N, Decker C, Nabage M, Ramos RB, Duarte GA, Marinello M, Chen A, Aydin HB, Mena HA, Gilliard K, Spite M, DiPersio CM, Adam AP, MacNamara KC, Fredman G. Resolvin D2-G-Protein Coupled Receptor 18 Enhances Bone Marrow Function and Limits Steatosis and Hepatic Collagen Accumulation in Aging. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1953-1968. [PMID: 37717941 PMCID: PMC10699127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with nonresolving inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a proresolving ligand that acts through the G-protein-coupled receptor called GPR18. Unbiased RNA sequencing revealed increased Gpr18 expression in macrophages from old mice, and in livers from elderly humans, which was associated with increased steatosis and fibrosis in middle-aged (MA) and old mice. MA mice that lacked GPR18 on myeloid cells had exacerbated steatosis and hepatic fibrosis, which was associated with a decline in Mac2+ macrophages. Treatment of MA mice with RvD2 reduced steatosis and decreased hepatic fibrosis, correlating with increased Mac2+ macrophages, increased monocyte-derived macrophages, and elevated numbers of monocytes in the liver, blood, and bone marrow. RvD2 acted directly on the bone marrow to increase monocyte-macrophage progenitors. A transplantation assay further demonstrated that bone marrow from old mice facilitated hepatic collagen accumulation in young mice. Transient RvD2 treatment to mice transplanted with bone marrow from old mice prevented hepatic collagen accumulation. Together, this study demonstrates that RvD2-GPR18 signaling controls steatosis and fibrosis and provides a mechanistic-based therapy for promoting liver repair in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Fitzgerald
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Jesse L Bonin
- The Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Sayeed Khan
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Maya Eid
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Sudeshna Sadhu
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Allison Rahtes
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Masharh Lipscomb
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- The Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Christa Decker
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Melisande Nabage
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Giesse Albeche Duarte
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Michael Marinello
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Anne Chen
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | | | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kurrim Gilliard
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Matthew Spite
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York; Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Katherine C MacNamara
- The Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
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Klima ML, Kruger KA, Goldstein N, Pulido S, Low AYT, Assenmacher CA, Alhadeff AL, Betley JN. Anti-inflammatory effects of hunger are transmitted to the periphery via projection-specific AgRP circuits. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113338. [PMID: 37910501 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the coordinated physiological actions that lead to reduced inflammation in a state of caloric deficit (hunger) are largely unknown. Using a mouse model of injury-induced peripheral inflammation, we find that food deprivation reduces edema, temperature, and cytokine responses that occur after injury. The magnitude of the anti-inflammatory effect that occurs during hunger is more robust than that of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The effects of hunger are recapitulated centrally by activity in nutrient-sensing hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. We find that AgRP neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus rapidly and robustly reduce inflammation and mediate the majority of hunger's anti-inflammatory effects. Intact vagal efferent signaling is required for the anti-inflammatory action of hunger, revealing a brain-to-periphery pathway for this reduction in inflammation. Taken together, these data begin to unravel a potent anti-inflammatory pathway engaged by hypothalamic AgRP neurons to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Klima
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kayla A Kruger
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nitsan Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Santiago Pulido
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aloysius Y T Low
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Comparative Pathology Core, Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amber L Alhadeff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Pastorek M, Konečná B, Janko J, Janovičová Ľ, Podracká Ľ, Záhumenský J, Šteňová E, Dúbrava M, Hodosy J, Vlková B, Celec P. Mitochondria-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is enhanced in the elderly via Toll-like receptor 9. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:651-665. [PMID: 37648664 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps are potent antimicrobial weapons; however, their formation during sterile inflammation is detrimental, and the mechanism of induction is still unclear. Since advanced age is the primary clinical risk factor for poor outcomes in inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized that sterile stimuli, represented by mitochondria, would induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, we analyzed induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients grouped according to age or immune status and observed that neutrophils from elderly patients responded to the presence of mitochondria with enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These neutrophil extracellular traps were also found to be more oxidized and exhibited higher resistance to DNase I degradation. Additionally, a higher concentration of residual neutrophil extracellular traps was detected in the plasma of the elderly. This plasma was capable of priming neutrophils through TLR9-mediated signaling, leading to further neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which was successfully inhibited with chloroquine. Finally, in a mouse model of mitochondria-induced acute lung injury, we observed that neutrophils from aged mice displayed impaired chemotactic activity but exhibited a trend of higher neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Thus, we propose that residual neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in the elderly preactivate neutrophils, making them more prone to enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation when exposed to mitochondria during sterile inflammation. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this vicious circle could be a suitable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Janovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Limbová 1, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Záhumenský
- 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Emöke Šteňová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Mickiewiczova 13, 813 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Dúbrava
- 1st Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbová 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Július Hodosy
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Emergency Medicine Ružinov, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Ružinovská 6, 821 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ylescupidez A, Bahnson HT, O'Rourke C, Lord S, Speake C, Greenbaum CJ. A standardized metric to enhance clinical trial design and outcome interpretation in type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7214. [PMID: 37940642 PMCID: PMC10632453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a standardized outcome metric enhances clinical trial interpretation and cross-trial comparison. If a disease course is predictable, comparing modeled predictions with outcome data affords the precision and confidence needed to accelerate precision medicine. We demonstrate this approach in type 1 diabetes (T1D) trials aiming to preserve endogenous insulin secretion measured by C-peptide. C-peptide is predictable given an individual's age and baseline value; quantitative response (QR) adjusts for these variables and represents the difference between the observed and predicted outcome. Validated across 13 trials, the QR metric reduces each trial's variance and increases statistical power. As smaller studies are especially subject to random sampling variability, using QR as the outcome introduces alternative interpretations of previous clinical trial results. QR can provide model-based estimates that quantify whether individuals or groups did better or worse than expected. QR also provides a purer metric to associate with biomarker measurements. Using data from more than 1300 participants, we demonstrate the value of QR in advancing disease-modifying therapy in T1D. QR applies to any disease where outcome is predictable by pre-specified baseline covariates, rendering it useful for defining responders to therapy, comparing therapeutic efficacy, and understanding causal pathways in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Ylescupidez
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry T Bahnson
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colin O'Rourke
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandra Lord
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Kulhan M, Ozdemir H, Bilgi A, Celik C, Aktug Demir N, Turk Dagi H, Ucar MG, Kulhan NG, Artac H. Evaluation of T-cell subsets in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110798. [PMID: 37633234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are the main cause of tissue damage in coronavirus disease 2019. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine T cell subsets of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate the relationship between the possible differences in trimesters and clinical findings of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 and 61 healthy pregnant controls were included in the study. T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The CD3+ total T cell (p = 0.006 and p = 0.027) of pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in second and third trimesters was found to be lower than in the control group. CD3+CD4+ helper T cell (p = 0.035), Treg (p = 0.001), and Treg/Th17 ratio (p = 0.001) were found to be lower in the third trimester patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 than in the controls. Significant decreases were observed only in the Treg (p = 0.001) and Treg/Th17 ratio (p = 0.001) in the first trimester patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to the controls. When trimesters were compared in terms of T subsets, no difference was found (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The CD3+ total T cell (p = 0.001), CD3+CD4+ helper T cell (p = 0.011), Treg (p = 0.001), and Treg/Th17 ratio (p = 0.001) were found to be lower in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. This difference was associated with the development of pneumonia but not with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kulhan
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - H Ozdemir
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - A Bilgi
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - C Celik
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - N Aktug Demir
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - H Turk Dagi
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Microbiology Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - M G Ucar
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - N G Kulhan
- Konya Education Research Hospital, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - H Artac
- Selcuk University Medical Faculty, Child Health and Diseases Department, Konya, Turkey.
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Komba S, Hase M, Kotake-Nara E. Organic Synthesis of New Secosteroids from Fucosterol, Its Intestinal Absorption by Caco-2 Cells, and Simulation of the Biological Activities of Vitamin D. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:540. [PMID: 37888475 PMCID: PMC10608315 DOI: 10.3390/md21100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously examined the cellular uptake of six types of vitamin D in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Since vitamins D5-D7 were commercially unavailable, we synthesized these compounds organically before studying them. This process led us to understand that new secosteroids could be generated as vitamin D candidates, depending on the sterol used as the starting material. We obtained two new secosteroids-compounds 3 and 4-from fucosterol in the current study. We investigated the intestinal absorption of these compounds using Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwells and compared the results with vitamin D3, a representative secosteroid. The intestinal absorption of compound 4 was comparable to that of vitamin D3. Compound 3 showed similar uptake levels but transported about half as much as vitamin D3. These compounds demonstrated intestinal absorption at the cellular level. Vitamin D is known for its diverse biological activities manifest after intestinal absorption. Using PASS online simulation, we estimated the biological activity of compound 3's activated form. In several items indicated by PASS, compound 3 exhibited stronger biological activity than vitamins D2-D7 and was also predicted to have unique biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Komba
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Megumi Hase
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan
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Eren N, Gerike S, Üsekes B, Peters O, Cosma NC, Hellmann-Regen J. Effects of autologous serum on TREM2 and APOE in a personalized monocyte-derived macrophage assay of late-onset Alzheimer's patients. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:52. [PMID: 37833781 PMCID: PMC10576307 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated deterioration of the immune system contributes to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as "inflammaging" and is implicated in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Whether changes in the tissue environment caused by circulatory factors associated with aging may alter the innate immune response is unknown. Monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo-MФs) infiltrating the brain alongside microglia are postulated to play a modulatory role in LOAD and both express triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) acts as a ligand for TREM2, and their role in amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance highlights their importance in LOAD. However, the influence of the patient's own milieu (autologous serum) on the synthesis of TREM2 and APOE in infiltrating macrophages remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To functionally assess patient-specific TREM2 and APOE synthesis, we designed a personalized assay based on Mo-MФs using monocytes from LOAD patients and matched controls (CO). We assessed the influence of each participant's own milieu, by examining the effect of short- (1 day) and long- (10 days) term differentiation of the cells in the presence of the donor´s autologous serum (AS) into M1-, M2- or M0-macrophages. Additionally, sex differences and Aβ-uptake ability in short- and long-term differentiated Mo-MФs were assessed. RESULTS We showed a time-dependent increase in TREM2 and APOE protein levels in LOAD- and CO-derived cells. While AS did not differentially modulate TREM2 compared to standard fetal calf serum (FCS), AS decreased APOE levels in M2 macrophages but increased levels in M1 macrophages. Interestingly, higher levels of TREM2 and lower levels of APOE were detected in female- than in male- LOAD patients. Finally, we report decreased Aβ-uptake in long-term differentiated CO- and LOAD-derived cells, particularly in APOEε4(+) carriers. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time the suitability of a personalized Mo-MФ cell culture-based assay for studying functional TREM2 and APOE synthesis in a patient's own aged milieu. Our strategy may thus provide a useful tool for future research on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neriman Eren
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanna Gerike
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Üsekes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
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Maurmann RM, Schmitt BL, Mosalmanzadeh N, Pence BD. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the cornerstone of inflammatory exacerbation in aged macrophages. EXPLORATION OF IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 3:442-452. [PMID: 38831878 PMCID: PMC11147369 DOI: 10.37349/ei.2023.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence encompasses multiple age-related adaptations that result in increased susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and higher mortality risk. Macrophages are key innate cells implicated in inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis, functions progressively compromised by aging. This process coincides with declining mitochondrial physiology, whose integrity is required to sustain and orchestrate immune responses. Indeed, multiple insults observed in aged macrophages have been implied as drivers of mitochondrial dysfunction, but how this translates into impaired immune function remains sparsely explored. This review provides a perspective on recent studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking dysregulated mitochondria homeostasis to immune function in aged macrophages. Genomic stress alongside defective mitochondrial turnover accounted for the progressive accumulation of damaged mitochondria in aged macrophages, thus resulting in a higher susceptibility to excessive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased levels of these mitochondrial products following infection were demonstrated to contribute to exacerbated inflammatory responses mediated by overstimulation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cyclic GMP-ATP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways. While these mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the present evidence provides a promising area to be explored and a renewed perspective of potential therapeutic targets for immunological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Negin Mosalmanzadeh
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
| | - Brandt D. Pence
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA
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Zhang Y, Xin B, Liu Y, Jiang W, Han W, Deng J, Wang P, Hong X, Yan D. SARS-COV-2 protein NSP9 promotes cytokine production by targeting TBK1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1211816. [PMID: 37854611 PMCID: PMC10580797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-COV-2 infection-induced excessive or uncontrolled cytokine storm may cause injury of host tissue or even death. However, the mechanism by which SARS-COV-2 causes the cytokine storm is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that SARS-COV-2 protein NSP9 promoted cytokine production by interacting with and activating TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). With an rVSV-NSP9 virus infection model, we discovered that an NSP9-induced cytokine storm exacerbated tissue damage and death in mice. Mechanistically, NSP9 promoted the K63-linked ubiquitination and phosphorylation of TBK1, which induced the activation and translocation of IRF3, thereby increasing downstream cytokine production. Moreover, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Midline 1 (MID1) facilitated the K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of NSP9, whereas virus infection inhibited the interaction between MID1 and NSP9, thereby inhibiting NSP9 degradation. Additionally, we identified Lys59 of NSP9 as a critical ubiquitin site involved in the degradation. These findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism by which a SARS-COV-2 protein promotes cytokine storm and identifies a novel target for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowu Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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