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Lai F, Luo Z, Zhang J, Xia W, Tian L. Bright light therapy has a positive effect on sleep quality in patients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101925. [PMID: 38537515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients frequently encounter difficulties associated with suboptimal sleep quality. Bright Light Therapy (BLT), an innovative treatment approach, has shown promise in enhancing sleep quality. However, several literature reviews showed conflicting results, and more analysis should be conducted regarding detailed BLT settings on sleep. This meta-analysis was undertaken to comprehensively assess the impact of BLT on sleep quality among cancer patients. Twelve studies with 679 patients were included. Compared with the control group, BLT overall resulted in significant improvements in terms of sleep quality [g = -0.34], total sleep time [g = 0.24], wake after sleep onset [g = -0.80], and fatigue [g = -0.54]. However, it did not yield a statistically significant effect on sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and insomnia severity. Regarding light settings, interventions featuring light intensities >5000lux, intervention duration ≥4 weeks, spectral emission peak at 464∼465 nm, and using a lightbox demonstrated heightened efficacy in improving sleep. BLT may be considered a supplementary therapeutic option to improve sleep quality among cancer patients. However, more extensive and rigorous studies are necessary to determine the optimal timing of BLT delivery and its applicability to cancer patients across different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiyin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wangjie Xia
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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2
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Montone RA, Camilli M, Calvieri C, Magnani G, Bonanni A, Bhatt DL, Rajagopalan S, Crea F, Niccoli G. Exposome in ischaemic heart disease: beyond traditional risk factors. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:419-438. [PMID: 38238478 PMCID: PMC10849374 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, typically induced by the detrimental effects of risk factors on the cardiovascular system. Although preventive interventions tackling conventional risk factors have helped to reduce the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, it remains a major cause of death worldwide. Thus, attention is now shifting to non-traditional risk factors in the built, natural, and social environments that collectively contribute substantially to the disease burden and perpetuate residual risk. Of importance, these complex factors interact non-linearly and in unpredictable ways to often enhance the detrimental effects attributable to a single or collection of these factors. For this reason, a new paradigm called the 'exposome' has recently been introduced by epidemiologists in order to define the totality of exposure to these new risk factors. The purpose of this review is to outline how these emerging risk factors may interact and contribute to the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease, with a particular attention on the impact of long-term exposure to different environmental pollutants, socioeconomic and psychological factors, along with infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID-19. Moreover, potential mitigation strategies for both individuals and communities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Camilli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Magnani
- Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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3
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De Virgiliis F, Mueller F, Palmisano I, Chadwick JS, Luengo-Gutierrez L, Giarrizzo A, Yan Y, Danzi MC, Picon-Muñoz C, Zhou L, Kong G, Serger E, Hutson TH, Maldonado-Lasuncion I, Song Y, Scheiermann C, Brancaccio M, Di Giovanni S. The circadian clock time tunes axonal regeneration. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2153-2164.e4. [PMID: 37951214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injuries cause permanent neurological disability due to limited axonal regeneration. Injury-dependent and -independent mechanisms have provided important insight into neuronal regeneration, however, common denominators underpinning regeneration remain elusive. A comparative analysis of transcriptomic datasets associated with neuronal regenerative ability revealed circadian rhythms as the most significantly enriched pathway. Subsequently, we demonstrated that sensory neurons possess an endogenous clock and that their regenerative ability displays diurnal oscillations in a murine model of sciatic nerve injury. Consistently, transcriptomic analysis showed a time-of-day-dependent enrichment for processes associated with axonal regeneration and the circadian clock. Conditional deletion experiments demonstrated that Bmal1 is required for neuronal intrinsic circadian regeneration and target re-innervation. Lastly, lithium enhanced nerve regeneration in wild-type but not in clock-deficient mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that the molecular clock fine-tunes the regenerative ability of sensory neurons and propose compounds affecting clock pathways as a novel approach to nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Virgiliis
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
| | - Franziska Mueller
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Ilaria Palmisano
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Sarah Chadwick
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Lucia Luengo-Gutierrez
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Angela Giarrizzo
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Yuyang Yan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Matt Christopher Danzi
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carmen Picon-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Luming Zhou
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Guiping Kong
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Elisabeth Serger
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Thomas Haynes Hutson
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore), EPFL/CHUV/UNIL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ines Maldonado-Lasuncion
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Yayue Song
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marco Brancaccio
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK.
| | - Simone Di Giovanni
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W120NN, UK.
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4
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Chen W, Zheng D, Chen H, Ye T, Liu Z, Qi J, Shen H, Ruan H, Cui W, Deng L. Circadian Clock Regulation via Biomaterials for Nucleus Pulposus. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301037. [PMID: 37060338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clock disorder during tissue degeneration has been considered the potential pathogenesis for various chronic diseases, such as intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). In this study, circadian clock-regulating biomaterials (ClockMPs) that can effectively activate the intrinsic circadian clock of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in IVDD and improve the physiological function of NPCs for disc regeneration are fabricated via air-microfluidic technique and the chemical cross-linking between polyvinyl alcohol and modified-phenylboronic acid. In vitro experiments verified that ClockMPs can scavenge reactive oxygen species to maintain a stable microenvironment for the circadian clock by promoting the binding of BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins. ClockMPs can regulate the expression of core circadian clock genes by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway in NPCs to remodel the intrinsic circadian clock and promote extracellular matrix synthesis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments of IVDD treated with ClockMPs proved that ClockMPs can promote disc regeneration by regulating the circadian clock of NPCs. In conclusion, ClockMPs provided a novel and promising strategy for circadian clock regulation during tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Huitong Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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5
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Amidfar M, Garcez ML, Kim YK. The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 36702452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An association with circadian clock function and pathophysiology of aging, major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established and has been proposed as a factor in the development of these diseases. Depression and changes in circadian rhythm have been increasingly suggested as the two primary overlapping and interpenetrating changes that occur with aging. The relationship between AD and depression in late life is not completely understood and probably is complex. Patients with major depression or AD suffer from disturbed sleep/wake cycles and altered rhythms in daily activities. Although classical monoaminergic hypotheses are traditionally proposed to explain the pathophysiology of MDD, several clinical and preclinical studies have reported a strong association between circadian rhythm and mood regulation. In addition, a large body of evidence supports an association between disruption of circadian rhythm and AD. Some clock genes are dysregulated in rodent models of depression. If aging, AD, and MDD share a common biological basis in pathophysiology, common therapeutic tools could be investigated for their prevention and treatment. Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS), for example, plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of AD and MDD and is associated with circadian clock disturbances. Thus, development of therapeutic possibilities with these NOS-related conditions is advisable. This review describes recent findings that link disrupted circadian clocks to aging, MDD, and AD and summarizes the experimental evidence that supports connections between the circadian clock and molecular pathologic factors as shared common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aging, AD, and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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6
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Zeb F, Osaili T, Obaid RS, Naja F, Radwan H, Cheikh Ismail L, Hasan H, Hashim M, Alam I, Sehar B, Faris ME. Gut Microbiota and Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating: A Targeted Biomarker and Approach in Precision Nutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020259. [PMID: 36678130 PMCID: PMC9863108 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Each individual has a unique gut microbiota; therefore, the genes in our microbiome outnumber the genes in our genome by about 150 to 1. Perturbation in host nutritional status influences gut microbiome composition and vice versa. The gut microbiome can help in producing vitamins, hormones, and other active metabolites that support the immune system; harvest energy from food; aid in digestion; protect against pathogens; improve gut transit and function; send signals to the brain and other organs; oscillate the circadian rhythm; and coordinate with the host metabolism through multiple cellular pathways. Gut microbiota can be influenced by host genetics, medications, diet, and lifestyle factors from preterm to aging. Aligning with precision nutrition, identifying a personalized microbiome mandates the provision of the right nutrients at the right time to the right patient. Thus, before prescribing a personalized treatment, it is crucial to monitor and count the gut flora as a focused biomarker. Many nutritional approaches that have been developed help in maintaining and restoring an optimal microbiome such as specific diet therapy, nutrition interventions, and customized eating patterns. One of these approaches is time-restricted feeding/eating (TRF/E), a type of intermittent fasting (IF) in which a subject abstains from food intake for a specific time window. Such a dietary modification might alter and restore the gut microbiome for proper alignment of cellular and molecular pathways throughout the lifespan. In this review, we have highlighted that the gut microbiota would be a targeted biomarker and TRF/E would be a targeted approach for restoring the gut-microbiome-associated molecular pathways such as hormonal signaling, the circadian system, metabolic regulators, neural responses, and immune-inflammatory pathways. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota through TRF/E could contribute to proper utilization and availability of the nutrients and in this way confer protection against diseases for harnessing personalized nutrition approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falak Zeb
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-524236417
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Reyad Shakir Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Peshawar 24540, KP, Pakistan
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - MoezAllslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Fleming M, Nelson F, Wallace I, Eskiw CH. Genome Tectonics: Linking Dynamic Genome Organization with Cellular Nutrients. Lifestyle Genom 2022; 16:21-34. [PMID: 36446341 DOI: 10.1159/000528011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our daily intake of food provides nutrients for the maintenance of health, growth, and development. The field of nutrigenomics aims to link dietary intake/nutrients to changes in epigenetic status and gene expression. SUMMARY Although the relationship between our diet and our genes in under intense investigation, there is still a significant aspect of our genome that has received little attention with regard to this. In the past 15 years, the importance of genome organization has become increasingly evident, with research identifying small-scale local changes to large segments of the genome dynamically repositioning within the nucleus in response to/or mediating change in gene expression. The discovery of these dynamic processes and organization maybe as significant as dynamic plate tectonics is to geology, there is little information tying genome organization to specific nutrients or dietary intake. KEY MESSAGES Here, we detail key principles of genome organization and structure, with emphasis on genome folding and organization, and link how these contribute to our future understand of nutrigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Fleming
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Fina Nelson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- 21st Street Brewery Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Iain Wallace
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Proxima Research and Development, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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8
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Elliott JE, Tinsley CE, Reynolds C, Olson RJ, Weymann KB, Au-Yeung WTM, Wilkerson A, Kaye JA, Lim MM. Tunable White Light for Elders (TWLITE): A Protocol Demonstrating Feasibility and Acceptability for Deployment, Remote Data Collection, and Analysis of a Home-Based Lighting Intervention in Older Adults. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22145372. [PMID: 35891052 PMCID: PMC9320387 DOI: 10.3390/s22145372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common in older adults and may contribute to disease progression in certain populations (e.g., Alzheimer's disease). Light therapy is a simple and cost-effective intervention to improve sleep. Primary barriers to light therapy are: (1) poor acceptability of the use of devices, and (2) inflexibility of current devices to deliver beyond a fixed light spectrum and throughout the entirety of the day. However, dynamic, tunable lighting integrated into the native home lighting system can potentially overcome these limitations. Herein, we describe our protocol to implement a whole-home tunable lighting system installed throughout the homes of healthy older adults already enrolled in an existing study with embedded home assessment platforms (Oregon Center for Aging & Technology-ORCATECH). Within ORCATECH, continuous data on room location, activity, sleep, and general health parameters are collected at a minute-to-minute resolution over years of participation. This single-arm longitudinal protocol collected participants' light usage in addition to ORCATECH outcome measures over a several month period before and after light installation. The protocol was implemented with four subjects living in three ORCATECH homes. Technical/usability challenges and feasibility/acceptability outcomes were explored. The successful implementation of our protocol supports the feasibility of implementing and integrating tunable whole-home lighting systems into an automated home-based assessment platform for continuous data collection of outcome variables, including long-term sleep measures. Challenges and iterative approaches are discussed. This protocol will inform the implementation of future clinical intervention trials using light therapy in patients at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Elliott
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.E.E.); (C.E.T.); (R.J.O.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (C.R.); (W.-T.M.A.-Y.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Carolyn E. Tinsley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.E.E.); (C.E.T.); (R.J.O.)
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina Reynolds
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (C.R.); (W.-T.M.A.-Y.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Randall J. Olson
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research Service, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.E.E.); (C.E.T.); (R.J.O.)
| | | | - Wan-Tai M. Au-Yeung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (C.R.); (W.-T.M.A.-Y.); (J.A.K.)
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (C.R.); (W.-T.M.A.-Y.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (C.R.); (W.-T.M.A.-Y.); (J.A.K.)
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Neurology, National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-220-8262 (ext. 57404)
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9
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Kim S, Choi S, Lee MS, Kim M, Park M, Han S, Han S, Lee HS, Lee S. Urinary Profile of Endogenous Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid and its Biomarker Metabolites in Healthy Korean Females: Determination of Age-Dependent and Intra-Individual Variability and Identification of Metabolites Correlated With Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853971. [PMID: 35496306 PMCID: PMC9043528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), used as a therapeutic and an illegal anesthetic, is a human neurotransmitter produced during gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis and metabolism. Potential biomarker metabolites of GHB intoxication have been identified previously; however, reference concentrations have not been set due to the lack of clinical study data. Urinary profiling of endogenous GHB and its biomarker metabolites in urine samples (n = 472) of 206 healthy females was performed based on differences in age and time of sample collection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following validation studies. The unadjusted and creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations ranges were obtained after urinary profiling. The creatinine-adjusted concentrations of glutamic and succinic acids and succinylcarnitine significantly increased, whereas that of glycolic acid significantly decreased with advancing age. Significant inter-day variation of GABA concentration and intra-day variation of 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid and succinylcarnitine concentrations were observed. The urinary concentrations of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, succinic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid showed the highest correlation with that of GHB. Data from this study suggest population reference limits to facilitate clinical and forensic decisions related to GHB intoxication and could be useful for identification of biomarkers following comparison with urinary profiles of GHB-administered populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Suein Choi
- Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seo Lee
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory and BK21 Four-Sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Kim
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Maria Park
- Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungpil Han
- Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Pharmacometrics Institute for Practical Education and Training, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory and BK21 Four-Sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hye Suk Lee, ; Sooyeun Lee,
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hye Suk Lee, ; Sooyeun Lee,
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10
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Kumar V, Sharma A, Tripathi V. Physiological effects of food availability times in higher vertebrates. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274142. [PMID: 35089336 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.239004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food availability is a crucial ecological determinant of population size and community structure, and controls various life-history traits in most, if not all, species. Food availability is not constant; there are daily and seasonal differences in food abundance. When coupled to appetite (urge to eat), this is expressed as the eating schedule of a species. Food availability times affect daily and seasonal physiology and behaviour of organisms both directly (by affecting metabolic homeostasis) and indirectly (by altering synchronization of endogenous rhythms). Restricted food availability times may, for example, constrain reproductive output by limiting the number or quality of offspring or the number of reproductive attempts, as has been observed for nesting frequency in birds. Consuming food at the wrong time of day reduces the reproductive ability of a seasonal breeder, and can result in quality-quantity trade-offs of offspring. The food availability pattern serves as a conditioning environment, and can shape the activity of the genome by influencing chromatin activation/silencing; however, the functional linkage of food availability times with epigenetic control of physiology is only beginning to emerge. This Review gives insights into how food availability times, affected by changes in eating schedules and/or by alterations in feeding environment or lifestyle, could have hitherto unknown consequences on the physiology and reproductive fitness of seasonally breeding vertebrates and those that reproduce year round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Aakansha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vatsala Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110003, India
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11
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Boon R. Metabolic Fuel for Epigenetic: Nuclear Production Meets Local Consumption. Front Genet 2021; 12:768996. [PMID: 34804127 PMCID: PMC8595138 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are responsible for finetuning gene expression profiles to the needs of cells, tissues, and organisms. To rapidly respond to environmental changes, the activity of chromatin modifiers critically depends on the concentration of a handful of metabolites that act as substrates and co-factors. In this way, these enzymes act as metabolic sensors that directly link gene expression to metabolic states. Although metabolites can easily diffuse through the nuclear pore, molecular mechanisms must be in place to regulate epigenetic marker deposition in specific nuclear subdomains or even on single loci. In this review, I explore the possible subcellular sites of metabolite production that influence the epigenome. From the relationship between cytoplasmic metabolism and nuclear metabolite deposition, I converse to the description of a compartmentalized nuclear metabolism. Last, I elaborate on the possibility of metabolic enzymes to operate in phase-separated nuclear microdomains formed by multienzyme and chromatin-bound protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boon
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Soni SK, Basu P, Singaravel M, Sharma R, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Reiter RJ. Sirtuins and the circadian clock interplay in cardioprotection: focus on sirtuin 1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2503-2515. [PMID: 33388853 PMCID: PMC11073088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms which include intricate molecular transcription-translation feedback loops of evolutionarily conserved clock genes has serious health consequences and negatively affects cardiovascular physiology. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial histone deacetylases that influence the circadian clock with clock-controlled oscillatory protein, NAMPT, and its metabolite NAD+. Sirtuins are linked to the multi-organ protective role of melatonin, particularly in acute kidney injury and in cardiovascular diseases, where melatonin, via upregulation of SIRT1 expression, inhibits the apoptotic pathway. This review focuses on SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase which counterbalances the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of one of the clock genes, CLOCK. SIRT1 is involved in the development of cardiomyocytes, regulation of voltage-gated cardiac sodium ion channels via deacetylation, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the cardiovascular system, protection against oxidative damage and anti-thrombotic actions. Overall, SIRT1 has a see-saw effect on cardioprotection, with low levels being cardioprotective and higher levels leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Soni
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyoneel Basu
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Muniyandi Singaravel
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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13
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Rajagopalan S, Park B, Palanivel R, Vinayachandran V, Deiuliis JA, Gangwar RS, Das L, Yin J, Choi Y, Al-Kindi S, Jain MK, Hansen KD, Biswal S. Metabolic effects of air pollution exposure and reversibility. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6034-6040. [PMID: 32780721 DOI: 10.1172/jci137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution involving particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in size (PM2.5) is the world's leading environmental risk factor contributing to mortality through cardiometabolic pathways. In this study, we modeled early life exposure using chow-fed C57BL/6J male mice that were exposed to real-world inhaled, concentrated PM2.5 (~10 times ambient levels/~60-120 μg/m3) or filtered air over a 14-week period. We investigated the effects of PM2.5 on phenotype, the transcriptome, and chromatin accessibility and compared these with the effects of a prototypical high-fat diet (HFD) as well as cessation of exposure on phenotype reversibility. Exposure to PM2.5 impaired glucose and insulin tolerance and reduced energy expenditure and 18FDG-PET uptake in brown adipose tissue. Multiple differentially expressed gene clusters in pathways involving metabolism and circadian rhythm were noted in insulin-responsive tissues. Although the magnitude of transcriptional change detected with PM2.5 exposure was lower than that observed with a HFD, the degree of alteration in chromatin accessibility after PM2.5 exposure was significant. The novel chromatin remodeler SMARCA5 (SWI/SNF complex) was regulated in response to PM2.5 exposure, the cessation of which was associated with a reversal of insulin resistance and restoration of chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning near transcription start sites, as well as a reversal of exposure-induced changes in the transcriptome, including SMARCA5. These changes indicate pliable epigenetic control mechanisms following cessation of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering and
| | - Rengasamy Palanivel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lopa Das
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinhu Yin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering and
| | | | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kasper D Hansen
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering and
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14
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Vodovotz Y, Barnard N, Hu FB, Jakicic J, Lianov L, Loveland D, Buysse D, Szigethy E, Finkel T, Sowa G, Verschure P, Williams K, Sanchez E, Dysinger W, Maizes V, Junker C, Phillips E, Katz D, Drant S, Jackson RJ, Trasande L, Woolf S, Salive M, South-Paul J, States SL, Roth L, Fraser G, Stout R, Parkinson MD. Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:585744. [PMID: 33415115 PMCID: PMC7783318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.585744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining life expectancy and increasing all-cause mortality in the United States have been associated with unhealthy behaviors, socioecological factors, and preventable disease. A growing body of basic science, clinical research, and population health evidence points to the benefits of healthy behaviors, environments and policies to maintain health and prevent, treat, and reverse the root causes of common chronic diseases. Similarly, innovations in research methodologies, standards of evidence, emergence of unique study cohorts, and breakthroughs in data analytics and modeling create new possibilities for producing biomedical knowledge and clinical translation. To understand these advances and inform future directions research, The Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit was convened at the University of Pittsburgh on December 4–5, 2019. The Summit's goal was to review current status and define research priorities in the six core areas of lifestyle medicine: plant-predominant nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, addictive behaviors, and positive psychology/social connection. Forty invited subject matter experts (1) reviewed existing knowledge and gaps relating lifestyle behaviors to common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, many cancers, inflammatory- and immune-related disorders and other conditions; and (2) discussed the potential for applying cutting-edge molecular, cellular, epigenetic and emerging science knowledge and computational methodologies, research designs, and study cohorts to accelerate clinical applications across all six domains of lifestyle medicine. Notably, federal health agencies, such as the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration have begun to adopt “whole-person health and performance” models that address these lifestyle and environmental root causes of chronic disease and associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Recommendations strongly support leveraging emerging research methodologies, systems biology, and computational modeling in order to accelerate effective clinical and population solutions to improve health and reduce societal costs. New and alternative hierarchies of evidence are also be needed in order to assess the quality of evidence and develop evidence-based guidelines on lifestyle medicine. Children and underserved populations were identified as prioritized groups to study. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacts people with chronic diseases that are amenable to effective lifestyle medicine interventions, makes the Summit's findings and recommendations for future research particularly timely and relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neal Barnard
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Jakicic
- School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Liana Lianov
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | | | - Daniel Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eva Szigethy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Toren Finkel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Paul Verschure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Victoria Maizes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Caesar Junker
- United States Air Force, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Edward Phillips
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Katz
- True Health Initiative, Derby, CT, United States
| | - Stacey Drant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard J Jackson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven Woolf
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marcel Salive
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeannette South-Paul
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah L States
- Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Loren Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gary Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ron Stout
- Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Michael D Parkinson
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health Plan/WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Shi Z, Qin M, Huang L, Xu T, Chen Y, Hu Q, Peng S, Peng Z, Qu LN, Chen SG, Tuo QH, Liao DF, Wang XP, Wu RR, Yuan TF, Li YH, Liu XM. Human torpor: translating insights from nature into manned deep space expedition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:642-672. [PMID: 33314677 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During a long-duration manned spaceflight mission, such as flying to Mars and beyond, all crew members will spend a long period in an independent spacecraft with closed-loop bioregenerative life-support systems. Saving resources and reducing medical risks, particularly in mental heath, are key technology gaps hampering human expedition into deep space. In the 1960s, several scientists proposed that an induced state of suppressed metabolism in humans, which mimics 'hibernation', could be an ideal solution to cope with many issues during spaceflight. In recent years, with the introduction of specific methods, it is becoming more feasible to induce an artificial hibernation-like state (synthetic torpor) in non-hibernating species. Natural torpor is a fascinating, yet enigmatic, physiological process in which metabolic rate (MR), body core temperature (Tb ) and behavioural activity are reduced to save energy during harsh seasonal conditions. It employs a complex central neural network to orchestrate a homeostatic state of hypometabolism, hypothermia and hypoactivity in response to environmental challenges. The anatomical and functional connections within the central nervous system (CNS) lie at the heart of controlling synthetic torpor. Although progress has been made, the precise mechanisms underlying the active regulation of the torpor-arousal transition, and their profound influence on neural function and behaviour, which are critical concerns for safe and reversible human torpor, remain poorly understood. In this review, we place particular emphasis on elaborating the central nervous mechanism orchestrating the torpor-arousal transition in both non-flying hibernating mammals and non-hibernating species, and aim to provide translational insights into long-duration manned spaceflight. In addition, identifying difficulties and challenges ahead will underscore important concerns in engineering synthetic torpor in humans. We believe that synthetic torpor may not be the only option for manned long-duration spaceflight, but it is the most achievable solution in the foreseeable future. Translating the available knowledge from natural torpor research will not only benefit manned spaceflight, but also many clinical settings attempting to manipulate energy metabolism and neurobehavioural functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Li-Na Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shan-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qin-Hui Tuo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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16
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Luo W, Lim PH, Wert SL, Gacek SA, Chen H, Redei EE. Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Postpartum Behavior in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:589967. [PMID: 33192370 PMCID: PMC7649805 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.589967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression is a complex illness that often occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. Closely related inbred rat strains are a great resource to identify novel causative genes and mechanisms underlying complex traits such as postpartum behavior. We report differences in these behaviors between the inbred depression model, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) More Immobile (WMI), and the isogenic control Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile (WLI) dams. WMI dams showed significantly lower litter survival rate and frequency of arched back and blanket nursing, but increased pup-directed licking, grooming, and retrieval during postpartum days (PPD) 1-10, compared to control WLIs. This increased pup-directed behavior and the frequency of self-directed behaviors segregated during selective breeding of the progenitor strain of WKY, which is also a depression model. These behaviors are manifested in the WMIs in contrast to those of WLIs. Furthermore, habitual differences in the self-directed behavior between light and dark cycles present in WLIs were missing in WMI dams. Hypothalamic transcript levels of the circadian rhythm-related gene Lysine Demethylase 5A (Kdm5a), period 2 (Per2), and the maternal behavior-related oxytocin receptor (Oxtr), vasopressin (Avp), and vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) were significantly greater in the post-weaning WMI dams at PPD 24 compared to those of WLIs, and also to those of WMI dams whose litter died before PPD 5. Expression correlation amongst genes differed in WLI and WMI dams and between the two time-points postpartum, suggesting genetic and litter-survival differences between these strains affect transcript levels. These data demonstrate that the genetically close, but behaviorally disparate WMI and WLI strains would be suitable for investigating the underlying genetic basis of postpartum behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Luo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patrick H Lim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie L Wert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie A Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Bernard C. Circadian/multidien Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy (MORE). Epilepsia 2020; 62 Suppl 1:S49-S68. [PMID: 33063860 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of seizures at specific times of the day has been consistently observed for centuries in individuals with epilepsy. Electrophysiological recordings provide evidence that seizures have a higher probability of occurring at a given time during the night and day cycle in individuals with epilepsy here referred to as the seizure rush hour. Which mechanisms underlie such circadian rhythmicity of seizures? Why don't they occur every day at the same time? Which mechanisms may underlie their occurrence outside the rush hour? In this commentary, I present a hypothesis: MORE - Molecular Oscillations and Rhythmicity of Epilepsy, a conceptual framework to study and understand the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythmicity of seizures and their probabilistic nature. The core of the hypothesis is the existence of ~24-hour oscillations of gene and protein expression throughout the body in different cells and organs. The orchestrated molecular oscillations control the rhythmicity of numerous body events, such as feeding and sleep. The concept developed here is that molecular oscillations may favor seizure genesis at preferred times, generating the condition for a seizure rush hour. However, the condition is not sufficient, as other factors are necessary for a seizure to occur. Studying these molecular oscillations may help us understand seizure genesis mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. The MORE hypothesis can be generalized to comorbidities and the slower multidien (week/month period) rhythmicity of seizures, a phenomenon addressed in another article in this issue of Epilepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bernard
- Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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18
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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19
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Hu D, Xie Z, Ye Y, Bahijri S, Chen M. The beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: an update on mechanism, and the role of circadian rhythm and gut microbiota. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2020; 9:597-602. [PMID: 33163510 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance There is accumulating evidence that intermittent fasting (IF) is connected to improved health condition and longevity time-restricted feeding (TRF) is the most recognized and extensively studied model of IF. Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of pleiotropic benefits of IF and hint the most advantageous feeding pattern for humans. Evidence review We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar by 2020 April for publications on IF or TRF and their mechanisms. Studies include animal models and human cohorts. Findings One important mechanism is that IF allows certain period of fasting time, in which our bodies activate pathways of repair and rejuvenation. Moreover, the advantages of IF, especially TRF over total caloric restriction (CR) provided bases for various animal and human studies which suggested that the feeding-fasting rhythm stimulates the fluctuation of our gut microbiota and a series of subsequent molecular alterations, which in turn restored a healthier circadian clock that resembled our inherent clock formed throughout millions of years of homo sapiens history. Conclusions and Relevance for Reviews Complete understanding of the mechanism leading to the beneficial effects of IF paves the way for tailored dietary regimen to combat a wide range of diseases and ill health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Ye
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group (SDRG)-King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minshan Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Trautmann C, Burek D, Hübner CA, Girault JA, Engmann O. A regulatory pathway linking caffeine action, mood and the diurnal clock. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:108133. [PMID: 32413367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Circadian abnormalities and mood changes are symptoms of depression. The psychostimulant caffeine alters wakefulness and alleviates other depression-related symptoms during chronic intake, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. It is not known, whether and how acute caffeine administration affects mood. Molecular approaches, transgenic mouse models, pharmacological intervention and behavioral analysis were combined to uncover a regulatory pathway, which connects caffeine action with diurnal signaling via the key dopaminergic protein DARPP-32 and alters mood-related phenotypes in mice, which are often assessed in the context of antidepressant action. We observed that Thr75-DARPP-32 binds to the circadian regulator CLOCK and disrupts CLOCK:BMAL1 chromatin binding, thereby affecting gene expression. T75A-DARPP-32 mutant mice show reduced caffeine effects on CLOCK:BMAL1 and lack caffeine-induced effects on mood. This study provides a link between caffeine, diurnal signaling and mood-related behaviors, which may open new perspectives for our understanding of antidepressant mechanisms in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Trautmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany
| | - Dominika Burek
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm, Institut du Fer à Moulin UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, Thüringen, 07747, Germany; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Inserm, Institut du Fer à Moulin UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005, France; Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Center for Neuroscience Zürich, Brain Research Institute, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Benitah SA, Welz PS. Circadian Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Homeostasis and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:817-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Krylov VV, Papchenkova GA, Osipova EA. The Influence of Changes in Magnetic Variations and Light-Dark Cycle on Life-History Traits of Daphnia magna. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:338-347. [PMID: 32297359 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Day-night cycle is the main zeitgeber (time giver) for biological circadian rhythms. Recently, it was suggested that natural diurnal geomagnetic variation may also be utilized by organisms for the synchronization of these rhythms. In this study, life-history traits in Daphnia magna were evaluated after short-term and multigenerational exposure to 16 h day/8 h night cycle, 32 h day/16 h night cycle, diurnal geomagnetic variation of 24 h, simulated magnetic variation of 48 h, and combinations of these conditions. With short-term exposure, the lighting mode substantially influenced the brood to brood period and the lifespan in daphnids. The brood to brood period, brood size, and body length of crustaceans similarly depended on the lighting mode during the multigenerational exposure. At the same time, an interaction of lighting mode and magnetic variations affected to a lesser extent brood to brood period, brood size, and newborn's body length. The influence of simulated diurnal variation on life-history traits in daphnids appeared distinctly as effects of synchronization between periods of lighting mode and magnetic variations during the multigenerational exposure. Newborn's body length significantly depended on the lighting regime when the periods of both studied zeitgebers were unsynchronized, or on the interaction of light regime with magnetic variations when the periods were synchronized. These results confirm the hypothesis that diurnal geomagnetic variation is an additional zeitgeber for biological circadian rhythms. Possible mechanisms for these observed effects are discussed. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav V Krylov
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Galina A Papchenkova
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Elena A Osipova
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
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Abstract
The concept of sleep health provides a positive holistic framing of multiple sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, continuity, timing, alertness, and satisfaction. Sleep health promotion is an underrecognized public health opportunity with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, mental health, and neurodegenerative disease. Using a socioecological framework, we describe interacting domains of individual, social, and contextual influences on sleep health. To the extent that these determinants of sleep health are modifiable, sleep and public health researchers may benefit from taking a multilevel approach for addressing disparities in sleep health. For example, in addition to providing individual-level sleep behavioral recommendations, health promotion interventions need to occur at multiple contextual levels (e.g., family, schools, workplaces, media, and policy). Because sleep health, a key indicator of overall health, is unevenly distributed across the population, we consider improving sleep health a necessary step toward achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health; and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine; Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8338, USA;
| | - Wendy Troxel
- Division of Behavior and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;
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24
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Altıntaş A, Laker RC, Garde C, Barrès R, Zierath JR. Transcriptomic and epigenomics atlas of myotubes reveals insight into the circadian control of metabolism and development. Epigenomics 2020; 12:701-713. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Innate circadian rhythms are critical for optimal tissue-specific functions, including skeletal muscle, a major insulin-sensitive tissue responsible for glucose homeostasis. We determined whether transcriptional oscillations are associated with CpG methylation changes in skeletal muscle. Materials & methods: We performed rhythmicity analysis on the transcriptome and CpG methylome of circadian synchronized myotubes. Results: We identified several transcripts and CpG-sites displaying oscillatory behavior, which were enriched with Gene Ontology terms related to metabolism and development. Oscillating CpG methylation was associated with rhythmic expression of 31 transcripts. Conclusion: Although circadian oscillations may be regulated by rhythmic DNA methylation, strong rhythmic associations between transcriptome and CpG methylation were not identified. This resource constitutes a transcriptomic/epigenomic atlas of skeletal muscle and regulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altıntaş
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhianna C Laker
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Garde
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Section for Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine & Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Yagita K. Circadian clock and cancer: From a viewpoint of cellular differentiation. Int J Urol 2020; 27:518-524. [PMID: 32223039 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls and adapts diverse physiological and behavioral processes according to Earth's 24-h cycle of environmental changes. The master pacemaker of the mammalian circadian clock resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, but almost all cells throughout the body show circadian oscillations in gene expression patterns and associated functions. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock gradually develops during embryogenesis. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not show circadian oscillations of gene expression, but gradually develop circadian clock oscillation during differentiation; thus, the developmental program of circadian clock emergence appears closely associated with cellular differentiation. Like embryonic stem cells, certain cancer cell types also lack the circadian clock. Given this similarity between embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, interest is growing in the contributions of circadian clock dysfunction to dedifferentiation and cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of circadian clock emergence during ontogenesis, and discuss possible associations with cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Considering the multiple physiological functions of circadian rhythms, circadian abnormalities might contribute to a host of diseases, including cancer. Insights on circadian function could lead to the identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Asirim EZ, Humberg TH, Maier GL, Sprecher SG. Circadian and Genetic Modulation of Visually-Guided Navigation in Drosophila Larvae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2752. [PMID: 32066794 PMCID: PMC7026142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms possess an endogenous molecular clock which enables them to adapt to environmental rhythms and to synchronize their metabolism and behavior accordingly. Circadian rhythms govern daily oscillations in numerous physiological processes, and the underlying molecular components have been extensively described from fruit flies to mammals. Drosophila larvae have relatively simple nervous system compared to their adult counterparts, yet they both share a homologous molecular clock with mammals, governed by interlocking transcriptional feedback loops with highly conserved constituents. Larvae exhibit a robust light avoidance behavior, presumably enabling them to avoid predators and desiccation, and DNA-damage by exposure to ultraviolet light, hence are crucial for survival. Circadian rhythm has been shown to alter light-dark preference, however it remains unclear how distinct behavioral strategies are modulated by circadian time. To address this question, we investigate the larval visual navigation at different time-points of the day employing a computer-based tracking system, which allows detailed evaluation of distinct navigation strategies. Our results show that due to circadian modulation specific to light information processing, larvae avoid light most efficiently at dawn, and a functioning clock mechanism at both molecular and neuro-signaling level is necessary to conduct this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Z Asirim
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tim-Henning Humberg
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - G Larisa Maier
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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27
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Cell-autonomous light sensitivity via Opsin3 regulates fuel utilization in brown adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000630. [PMID: 32040503 PMCID: PMC7034924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsin3 (Opn3) is a transmembrane heptahelical G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) with the potential to produce a nonvisual photoreceptive effect. Interestingly, anatomical profiling of GPCRs reveals that Opn3 mRNA is highly expressed in adipose tissue. The photosensitive functions of Opn3 in mammals are poorly understood, and whether Opn3 has a role in fat is entirely unknown. In this study, we found that Opn3-knockout (Opn3-KO) mice were prone to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. At the cellular level, Opn3-KO brown adipocytes cultured in darkness had decreased glucose uptake and lower nutrient-induced mitochondrial respiration than wild-type (WT) cells. Light exposure promoted mitochondrial activity and glucose uptake in WT adipocytes but not in Opn3-KO cells. Brown adipocytes carrying a defective mutation in Opn3’s putative G protein–binding domain also exhibited a reduction in glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration in darkness. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified several novel light-sensitive and Opn3-dependent molecular signatures in brown adipocytes. Importantly, direct exposure of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to light in living mice significantly enhanced thermogenic capacity of BAT, and this effect was diminished in Opn3-KO animals. These results uncover a previously unrecognized cell-autonomous, light-sensing mechanism in brown adipocytes via Opn3-GPCR signaling that can regulate fuel metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Our work also provides a molecular basis for developing light-based treatments for obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Brown adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis and serves as a metabolic sink for glucose and fatty acid. This study demonstrates a novel light-sensing mechanism in mice via the photoreceptor Opsin3 that regulates fuel utilization and mitochondrial activity of brown adipocytes.
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28
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Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1216-1226. [PMID: 31902372 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) confers protection against nutritional challenges that predispose obesity and metabolic risks through involvement of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput genes and gut microbiome, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of TRF on metabolic markers and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiota in healthy males. Two groups (TRF, n 56; non-TRF, n 24) of male adults were enrolled. The TRF group provided blood at pre-TRF and post-TRF, while non-TRF one time after 25 d of trial. Serum lipid and liver profiles were determined. Real time-PCR was applied for circadian and inflammatory gene expression. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq v3 platform to comprehensively catalogue the composition and abundance of bacteria in stool. We showed that TRF ameliorated the serum lipid and liver profiles of the individuals. In the TRF group, gut microbial richness was significantly enhanced, with enrichment of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroideaceae. TRF enhanced circadian gene expression probably by activation of sirtuin-1, which is positively associated with gut microbiome richness. TRF could be a safe remedy for the prevention of metabolic diseases related to dyslipidaemia, as it regulates circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome modulation.
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29
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Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous, time-tracking system that directs multiple metabolic and physiological functions required for homeostasis. The master or central clock located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus governs peripheral clocks present in all systemic tissues, contributing to their alignment and ultimately to temporal coordination of physiology. Accumulating evidence reveals the presence of additional clocks in the brain and suggests the possibility that circadian circuits may feed back to these from the periphery. Here, we highlight recent advances in the communications between clocks and discuss how they relate to circadian physiology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Magdalen Greco
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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30
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Li G, Chen M, Jiang D, Lin X, Xu Y, Wang W. Effects of ketamine on circadian rhythm and synaptic homeostasis in patients with treatment-resistant depression: A protocol for mechanistic studies of its rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in humans. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01423. [PMID: 31617335 PMCID: PMC6851815 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breakthrough discovery has been made that a single dose of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, achieves rapid and sustained (~7 days) antidepressant activity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This discovery has ushered in an exciting era of research and brought new hope for patients with MDD. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific antidepressant actions of ketamine in humans remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES This study protocol was designed to test the main hypothesis that ketamine could rapidly reverse depression- and stress-associated synaptic loss and deficits in resting-state functional connectivity and that this action could be affected by circadian rhythm, in patients with treatment-resistant depression. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN In this clinical study, adults (aged 18-65 years) with treatment-resistant depression will be randomized to intravenous administration of placebo (control group) or ketamine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) at 11 a.m. (daytime group), or 6 p.m. (nighttime group) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change from baseline to 24 weeks in the total Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score. Brain imaging, sleep, and genetic studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, polysomnography, and genetic analyses, will be performed to examine whether and how ketamine can rapidly reverse deficits in synaptic function and to identify objective markers for the assessment of ketamine infusion therapy for treatment-resistant depression. CONCLUSIONS This clinical study protocol is the first, to our knowledge, to describe the prospective testing of the hypothesis that daytime and nighttime administrations of ketamine would have different antidepressant effects. The brain imaging, sleep, and genetic findings from patients with treatment-resistant depression are expected to shed new light on the mechanisms of ketamine and its interaction with target sites in the brain, which can be used for objective evaluation of the efficacy of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Psychiatric‐Neuroimaging‐Genetics LaboratoryWenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhouChina
- Psychiatric‐Neuroimaging‐Genetics‐Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab)Tianjin Mental Health CentreMental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Anding HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of Basic Medical ScienceTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep DisordersFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Co‐collaboration Laboratory of China and CanadaXiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of AlbertaXiamenChina
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Psychiatric‐Neuroimaging‐Genetics‐Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab)Tianjin Mental Health CentreMental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Anding HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Gongying Li
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Deguo Jiang
- Psychiatric‐Neuroimaging‐Genetics LaboratoryWenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Psychiatric‐Neuroimaging‐Genetics LaboratoryWenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhouChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- MDT Center for Cognitive Impairment and Sleep DisordersFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Co‐collaboration Laboratory of China and CanadaXiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of AlbertaXiamenChina
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31
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Umemura Y, Maki I, Tsuchiya Y, Koike N, Yagita K. Human Circadian Molecular Oscillation Development Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:525-532. [PMID: 31368392 PMCID: PMC6732938 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419865436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock, which coordinates various physiological functions,
develops gradually during ontogeny. Recently, we have reported the posttranscriptional
suppression of CLOCK protein expression as a key mechanism of the emergence of the
circadian clock during mouse development. However, whether a common mechanism regulates
the development of the human circadian clock remains unclear. In the present study, we
show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have no discernible circadian
molecular oscillation. In addition, in vitro differentiation culture of human iPSCs
required a longer duration than that required in mouse for the emergence of circadian
oscillations. The expression of CLOCK protein in undifferentiated human iPSCs was
posttranscriptionally suppressed despite the expression of CLOCK mRNA,
which is consistent with our previous observations in mouse embryonic stem cells, iPSCs,
and early mouse embryos. These results suggest that CLOCK protein expressions could be
posttranscriptionally suppressed in the early developmental stage not only in mice but
also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Maki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
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32
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Doi M, Shimatani H, Atobe Y, Murai I, Hayashi H, Takahashi Y, Fustin JM, Yamaguchi Y, Kiyonari H, Koike N, Yagita K, Lee C, Abe M, Sakimura K, Okamura H. Non-coding cis-element of Period2 is essential for maintaining organismal circadian behaviour and body temperature rhythmicity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2563. [PMID: 31189882 PMCID: PMC6561950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding cis-regulatory elements are essential determinants of development, but their exact impacts on behavior and physiology in adults remain elusive. Cis-element-based transcriptional regulation is believed to be crucial for generating circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. However, genetic evidence supporting this model is based on mutations in the protein-coding sequences of clock genes. Here, we report generation of mutant mice carrying a mutation only at the E'-box cis-element in the promoter region of the core clock gene Per2. The Per2 E'-box mutation abolishes sustainable molecular clock oscillations and renders circadian locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms unstable. Without the E'-box, Per2 messenger RNA and protein expression remain at mid-to-high levels. Our work delineates the Per2 E'-box as a critical nodal element for keeping sustainable cell-autonomous circadian oscillation and reveals the extent of the impact of the non-coding cis-element in daily maintenance of animal locomotor activity and body temperature rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimatani
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Atobe
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Iori Murai
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hida Hayashi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean-Michel Fustin
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratories for Animal Resource Development and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Choogon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Rinschen MM, Ivanisevic J, Giera M, Siuzdak G. Identification of bioactive metabolites using activity metabolomics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:353-367. [PMID: 30814649 PMCID: PMC6613555 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabolome, the collection of small-molecule chemical entities involved in metabolism, has traditionally been studied with the aim of identifying biomarkers in the diagnosis and prediction of disease. However, the value of metabolome analysis (metabolomics) has been redefined from a simple biomarker identification tool to a technology for the discovery of active drivers of biological processes. It is now clear that the metabolome affects cellular physiology through modulation of other 'omics' levels, including the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome. In this Review, we focus on recent progress in using metabolomics to understand how the metabolome influences other omics and, by extension, to reveal the active role of metabolites in physiology and disease. This concept of utilizing metabolomics to perform activity screens to identify biologically active metabolites - which we term activity metabolomics - is already having a broad impact on biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- The Scripps Research Institute, Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Aras E, Ramadori G, Kinouchi K, Liu Y, Ioris RM, Brenachot X, Ljubicic S, Veyrat-Durebex C, Mannucci S, Galié M, Baldi P, Sassone-Corsi P, Coppari R. Light Entrains Diurnal Changes in Insulin Sensitivity of Skeletal Muscle via Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2385-2398.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Shirtcliff E, Lomniczi A. Emerging Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Pubertal Maturation in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:54-79. [PMID: 30869843 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent transition begins with the onset of puberty which, upstream in the brain, is initiated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator that activates the release of peripheral sex hormones. Substantial research in human and animal models has revealed a myriad of cellular networks and heritable genes that control the GnRH pulse generator allowing the individual to begin the process of reproductive competence and sexual maturation. Here, we review the latest knowledge in neuroendocrine pubertal research with emphasis on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pubertal transition.
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36
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Lincoln G. A brief history of circannual time. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12694. [PMID: 30739343 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate circannual timing is an ancestral trait that first evolved in free-living eukaryotic cells some 2000 million years ago, with marine algae of the genus Allexandrium providing a living unicellular model. This species shows the primitive trait of 'alternation of generations', where the organism alternates between fast replicating vegetative cells in the summer and a dormant cystic cell over the winter. The resistant cysts sink into the cold ocean sediments. Remarkably, excystment in spring is governed by an endogenous circannual timing mechanism. Thus, a tiny, short-lived unicell can utilise a circannual clock as part of the life-history programme of the species. Innate timing allows for major adjustments in physiology and behaviour in anticipation of the seasons, and provides an internalised sense of seasonal time for the many species where standard environmental cues are weak or ambiguous. This is a highly adaptive strategy irrespective of the size and longevity of an organism. Circannual rhythms are expressed by a diverse range of organisms, from flowering plants to mammals, interwoven into the life-history programme of each species, being a consequence of forever living in a periodic world. In complex vertebrates, the early division of the zygote potentially carries circannual timer genes into all progeny cells and tissues. This supports the concept of a 'clock-shop' where cell-autonomous long-term rhythms are generated in each tissue, orchestrated by a central circannual pacemaker system. This is analogous to the organisation of the circadian timing system. For the circannual time-scale, specialised thyrotroph cells located in the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland and adjacent tanycyte cells located in the ependymal wall of the third cerebral ventricle of the brain act as putative central circannual pacemakers. At a molecular level, epigenetically regulated, cyclical remodelling of chromatin, which determines whether specific circannual timer genes are transcriptionally active, or not, is considered to drive the oscillation between the summer and winter phenotypes.
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Li Z, Tang Y, Song X, Lazar L, Li Z, Zhao J. Impact of ambient PM 2.5 on adverse birth outcome and potential molecular mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:248-254. [PMID: 30453172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) refers to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of equal and less than 2.5 µm that tends to be suspended for long periods of time and travel over long distances in both outdoor and indoor atmospheres. PM2.5, along with the toxic compounds attached on it, may cause a wide range of disorders. The fetus is considered to be highly susceptible to a variety of toxicants including atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5 through prenatal exposure. To better understand the relationship between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes for reproduction and fetus development, we studied the published data on this issue including case-control studies, cohort studies and meta-analyses studies, and summarized the basic impact of ambient particulate matter on adverse birth outcomes. Research evidence indicates that PM2.5 has a potential to induce low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and stillbirth. A further in-depth analysis shows that oxidative stress, DNA methylation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content alteration, and endocrine disruptions may all play an important role in PM2.5 induced adverse effects to pregnant women and fetuses. In addition, PM2.5 exposure can cause male reproductive toxicity, leading to associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lissy Lazar
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China.
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Farmahin R, Gannon AM, Gagné R, Rowan-Carroll A, Kuo B, Williams A, Curran I, Yauk CL. Hepatic transcriptional dose-response analysis of male and female Fischer rats exposed to hexabromocyclododecane. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 133:110262. [PMID: 30594549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant found in the environment and human tissues. The toxicological effects of HBCD exposure are not clearly understood. We employed whole-genome RNA-sequencing on liver samples from male and female Fischer rats exposed to 0, 250, 1250, and 5000 mg technical mixture of HBCD/kg diet for 28 days to gain further insight into HBCD toxicity. HBCD altered 428 and 250 gene transcripts in males and females, respectively, which were involved in metabolism of xenobiotics, oxidative stress, immune response, metabolism of glucose and lipids, circadian regulation, cell cycle, fibrotic activity, and hormonal balance. Signature analysis supported that HBCD operates through the constitutive androstane and pregnane X receptors. The median transcriptomic benchmark dose (BMD) for the lowest statistically significant pathway was within 1.5-fold of the BMD for increased liver weight, while the BMD for the lowest pathway with at least three modeled genes (minimum 5% of pathway) was similar to the lowest apical endpoint BMD. The results show how transcriptional analyses can inform mechanisms underlying chemical toxicity and the doses at which potentially adverse effects occur. This experiment is part of a larger study exploring the use of toxicogenomics and high-throughput screening for human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Farmahin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Anne Marie Gannon
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Rémi Gagné
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ivan Curran
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Masri S, Sassone-Corsi P. The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. Nat Med 2018; 24:1795-1803. [PMID: 30523327 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Lacal I, Ventura R. Epigenetic Inheritance: Concepts, Mechanisms and Perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:292. [PMID: 30323739 PMCID: PMC6172332 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents’ stressful experiences can influence an offspring’s vulnerability to many pathological conditions, including psychopathologies, and their effects may even endure for several generations. Nevertheless, the cause of this phenomenon has not been determined, and only recently have scientists turned to epigenetics to answer this question. There is extensive literature on epigenetics, but no consensus exists with regard to how and what can (and must) be considered to study and define epigenetics processes and their inheritance. In this work, we aimed to clarify and systematize these concepts. To this end, we analyzed the dynamics of epigenetic changes over time in detail and defined three types of epigenetics: a direct form of epigenetics (DE) and two indirect epigenetic processes—within (WIE) and across (AIE). DE refers to changes that occur in the lifespan of an individual, due to direct experiences with his environment. WIE concerns changes that occur inside of the womb, due to events during gestation. Finally, AIE defines changes that affect the individual’s predecessors (parents, grandparents, etc.), due to events that occur even long before conception and that are somehow (e.g., through gametes, the intrauterine environment setting) transmitted across generations. This distinction allows us to organize the main body of epigenetic evidence according to these categories and then focus on the latter (AIE), referring to it as a faster route of informational transmission across generations—compared with genetic inheritance—that guides human evolution in a Lamarckian (i.e., experience-dependent) manner. Of the molecular processes that are implicated in this phenomenon, well-known (methylation) and novel (non-coding RNA, ncRNA) regulatory mechanisms are converging. Our discussion of the chief methods that are used to study epigenetic inheritance highlights the most compelling technical and theoretical problems of this discipline. Experimental suggestions to expand this field are provided, and their practical and ethical implications are discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lacal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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41
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Draijer S, Chaves I, Hoekman MFM. The circadian clock in adult neural stem cell maintenance. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:41-53. [PMID: 29886147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells persist in the adult central nervous system as a continuing source of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Various signalling pathways and transcription factors actively maintain this population by regulating cell cycle entry and exit. Similarly, the circadian clock is interconnected with the cell cycle and actively maintains stem cell populations in various tissues. Here, we discuss emerging evidence for an important role of the circadian clock in neural stem cell maintenance. We propose that the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 exerts control over the circadian clock in adult neural stem cell function to limit exhaustion of their population. Conversely, disruption of the circadian clock may compromise neural stem cell quiescence resulting in a premature decline of the neural stem cell population. As such, energy metabolism and the circadian clock converge in adult neural stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swip Draijer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F M Hoekman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Huang Z, Liu Q, Peng Y, Dai J, Xie Y, Chen W, Long S, Pei Z, Su H, Yao X. Circadian Rhythm Dysfunction Accelerates Disease Progression in a Mouse Model With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:218. [PMID: 29740382 PMCID: PMC5928145 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by interactions between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Circadian rhythm dysfunction (CRD) is a significant contributor to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, whether CRD contributes to the progression of ALS remains little known. We performed behavioral and physiological tests on SOD1G93A ALS model mice with and without artificially induced CRD, and on wild-type controls; we also analyzed spinal cord samples histologically for differences between groups. We found that CRD accelerated the disease onset and progression of ALS in model mice, as demonstrated by aggravated functional deficits and weight loss, as well as increased motor neuron loss, activated gliosis, and nuclear factor κB-mediated inflammation in the spinal cord. We also found an increasing abundance of enteric cyanobacteria in the ALS model mice shortly after disease onset that was further enhanced by CRD. Our study provides initial evidence on the CRD as a risk factor for ALS, and intestinal cyanobacteria may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiaying Dai
- Comprehensive Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youna Xie
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weineng Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Clinical Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Schindler EAD, Wallace RM, Sloshower JA, D'Souza DC. Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29545753 PMCID: PMC5838010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on the effects of psychedelic-assisted therapies for mood disorders and addiction, as well as the effects of psychedelics in the treatment of cluster headache, have demonstrated promising therapeutic results. In addition, the beneficial effects appear to persist well after limited exposure to the drugs, making them particularly appealing as treatments for chronic neuropsychiatric and headache disorders. Understanding the basis of the long-lasting effects, however, will be critical for the continued use and development of this drug class. Several mechanisms, including biological and psychological ones, have been suggested to explain the long-lasting effects of psychedelics. Actions on the neuroendocrine system are some such mechanisms that warrant further investigation in the study of persisting psychedelic effects. In this report, we review certain structural and functional neuroendocrinological pathologies associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and cluster headache. We then review the effects that psychedelic drugs have on those systems and provide preliminary support for potential long-term effects. The circadian biology of cluster headache is of particular relevance in this area. We also discuss methodologic considerations for future investigations of neuroendocrine system involvement in the therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle A D Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ryan M Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jordan A Sloshower
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Deepak C D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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Buysse DJ. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Fatigue Risk Management in Emergency Medical Services: A Step in the Right Direction Toward Better Sleep Health. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2018; 22:3-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1380099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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45
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Stevenson TJ. Epigenetic Regulation of Biological Rhythms: An Evolutionary Ancient Molecular Timer. Trends Genet 2017; 34:90-100. [PMID: 29221677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are pervasive in nature, yet our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern timing is far from complete. The rapidly emerging research focus on epigenetic plasticity has revealed a system that is highly dynamic and reversible. In this Opinion, I propose an epigenetic clock model that outlines how molecular modifications, such as DNA methylation, are integral components for timing endogenous biological rhythms. The hypothesis proposed is that an epigenetic clock serves to maintain the period of molecular rhythms via control over the phase of gene transcription and this timing mechanism resides in all cells, from unicellular to complex organisms. The model also provides a novel framework for the timing of epigenetic modifications during the lifespan and transgenerational inheritance of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Stevenson
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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46
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Short-term exposure to dim light at night disrupts rhythmic behaviors and causes neurodegeneration in fly models of tauopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1722-1729. [PMID: 29217196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and aggregation of phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain are the hallmarks for the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, disruptions in circadian rhythms (CRs) with altered sleep-wake cycles, dysregulation of locomotion, and increased memory defects have been reported in patients with AD. Drosophila flies that have an overexpression of human tau protein in neurons exhibit most of the symptoms of human patients with AD, including locomotion defects and neurodegeneration. Using the fly model for tauopathy/AD, we investigated the effects of an exposure to dim light at night on AD symptoms. We used a light intensity of 10 lux, which is considered the lower limit of light pollution in many countries. After the tauopathy flies were exposed to the dim light at night for 3 days, the flies showed disrupted CRs, altered sleep-wake cycles due to increased pTau proteins and neurodegeneration, in the brains of the AD flies. The results indicate that the nighttime exposure of tauopathy/AD model Drosophila flies to dim light disrupted CR and sleep-wake behavior and promoted neurodegeneration.
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47
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Sleep restriction induced energy, methylation and lipogenesis metabolic switches in rat liver. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 93:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Helm B, Visser ME, Schwartz W, Kronfeld-Schor N, Gerkema M, Piersma T, Bloch G. Two sides of a coin: ecological and chronobiological perspectives of timing in the wild. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160246. [PMID: 28993490 PMCID: PMC5647273 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most processes within organisms, and most interactions between organisms and their environment, have distinct time profiles. The temporal coordination of such processes is crucial across levels of biological organization, but disciplines differ widely in their approaches to study timing. Such differences are accentuated between ecologists, who are centrally concerned with a holistic view of an organism in relation to its external environment, and chronobiologists, who emphasize internal timekeeping within an organism and the mechanisms of its adjustment to the environment. We argue that ecological and chronobiological perspectives are complementary, and that studies at the intersection will enable both fields to jointly overcome obstacles that currently hinder progress. However, to achieve this integration, we first have to cross some conceptual barriers, clarifying prohibitively inaccessible terminologies. We critically assess main assumptions and concepts in either field, as well as their common interests. Both approaches intersect in their need to understand the extent and regulation of temporal plasticity, and in the concept of 'chronotype', i.e. the characteristic temporal properties of individuals which are the targets of natural and sexual selection. We then highlight promising developments, point out open questions, acknowledge difficulties and propose directions for further integration of ecological and chronobiological perspectives through Wild Clock research.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild Clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - William Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Menno Gerkema
- Chronobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Theunis Piersma
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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den Boon FS, Sarabdjitsingh RA. Circadian and ultradian patterns of HPA-axis activity in rodents: Significance for brain functionality. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:445-457. [PMID: 29223280 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis comprises interactions between the hypothalamus, the pituitary and the adrenal glands and its activation results in the release of corticosteroid hormones. Corticosteroids are secreted from the adrenal gland in a distinct 24-h circadian rhythm overarching an ultradian rhythm, which consists of hourly corticosteroid pulses exposing target tissues to rapidly changing steroid levels. On top of these rhythms surges can take place after stress. HPA-axis rhythms promote adaptation to predictable (i.e. the earth's rotation) and unpredictable (i.e. stressors) changes in environmental factors. Two steroid hormone receptors, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), are activated by corticosteroids and mediate effects at fast and slow timescales on e.g. glucose availability, gene transcription and synaptic plasticity. The current review discusses the origin of the circadian and ultradian corticosteroid rhythms and their relevance for gene regulation, neuroendocrine and physiological responses to stress and the involvement in the maintenance of brain functionality in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke S den Boon
- Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Orozco-Solis R, Montellier E, Aguilar-Arnal L, Sato S, Vawter MP, Bunney BG, Bunney WE, Sassone-Corsi P. A Circadian Genomic Signature Common to Ketamine and Sleep Deprivation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:351-360. [PMID: 28395871 PMCID: PMC5660920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional antidepressants usually require several weeks to achieve a full clinical response in patients with major depressive disorder, an illness associated with dysregulated circadian rhythms and a high incidence of suicidality. Two rapid-acting antidepressant strategies, low-dose ketamine (KT) and sleep deprivation (SD) therapies, dramatically reduce depressive symptoms within 24 hours in a subset of major depressive disorder patients. However, it is unknown whether they exert their actions through shared regulatory mechanisms. To address this question, we performed comparative transcriptomics analyses to identify candidate genes and relevant pathways common to KT and SD. METHODS We used the forced swim test, a standardized behavioral approach to measure antidepressant-like activity of KT and SD. We investigated gene expression changes using high-density microarrays and pathway analyses (Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) in KT- and SD-treated mice compared with saline-treated control male mice. RESULTS We show that KT and SD elicit common transcriptional responses implicating distinct elements of the circadian clock and processes involved in neuronal plasticity. There is an overlap of 64 genes whose expression is common in KT and SD. Specifically, there is downregulation of clock genes including Ciart, Per2, Npas4, Dbp, and Rorb in both KT- and SD-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a potential involvement of the circadian clock in rapid antidepressant responses. These findings could open new research avenues to help design chronopharmacological strategies to treat major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Emilie Montellier
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Blynn G Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Irvine, California.
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