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Vitku J, Varausova A, Skodova T, Kolatorova L, Vosatkova M, Vcelak J, Vrbikova J, Simkova M, Svojtkova M. The Role of 11-Oxygenated Androgens and Endocrine Disruptors in Androgen Excess Disorders in Women. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9691. [PMID: 39273637 PMCID: PMC11395667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic hirsutism (IH) are androgen excess disorders requiring the determination of classic androgen levels for diagnosis. 11-oxygenated androgens have high androgenic potential, yet their clinical value in those disorders is not clear. Additionally, the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs), particularly in IH, remains understudied. We analyzed 25 steroids and 18 EDs in plasma samples from women with IH, PCOS, and controls using LC-MS/MS. Cytokine levels and metabolic parameters were assessed. Comparisons included non-obese women with PCOS (n = 10), women with IH (n = 12) and controls (n = 20), and non-obese versus obese women with PCOS (n = 9). Higher levels of 11-oxygenated androgens were observed in women with PCOS compared to those with IH, but not controls. Conversely, 11-oxygenated androgen levels were lower in women with IH compared to controls. Cytokine levels did not differ between women with IH and controls. Bisphenol A (BPA) levels were higher in obese women with PCOS compared to non-obese women with PCOS. Bisphenol S occurrence was higher in women with PCOS (90%) compared to controls (65%) and IH (50%). Significant correlations were found between androgens (11-ketotestosterone, androstenedione, testosterone) and insulin and HOMA-IR, as well as between immunomodulatory 7-oxygenated metabolites of DHEA and nine interleukins. Our data confirms that PCOS is a multiendocrine gland disorder. Higher BPA levels in obese women might exacerbate metabolic abnormalities. IH was not confirmed as an inflammatory state, and no differences in BPA levels suggest BPA does not play a role in IH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vitku
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anezka Varausova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Skodova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Vosatkova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Vcelak
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbikova
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Simkova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Svojtkova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Lee HS. Confirmation of the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of fenvalerate following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines, and its estrogen receptor α-dependent effects on lipid accumulation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109955. [PMID: 38844189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on confirming the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine-disrupting potential of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate and unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed estrogen receptor-α (ERα)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated responses in vitro using a hormone response element-dependent transcription activation assay with a luciferase reporter following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. We observed that fenvalerate acted as estrogen by inducing the translocation of cytosolic ERα to the nucleus via ERα dimerization, whereas it exhibited no AR-mediated androgen response element-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that fenvalerate-induced activation of ERα caused lipid accumulation, promoted in a fenvalerate-dependent manner in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fenvalerate-induced lipid accumulation was inhibited in the presence of an ERα-selective antagonist, whereas it remained unaffected in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-specific inhibitor. In addition, fenvalerate was found to stimulate the expression of transcription factors that promote lipid accumulation in 3 T1-L1 adipocytes, and co-treatment with an ERα-selective antagonist suppressed adipogenic/ lipogenic transcription factors at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that fenvalerate exposure may lead to lipid accumulation by interfering with ERα activation-dependent processes, thus causing an ERα-mediated endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Park EJ, Lee S, Kim JY, Choi J, Lee YS, Park M, Jeon JH, Lee HJ. The obesogen bisphenol A promotes adipogenesis in canine adipose-derived stem cells: Potential implication in dog obesity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142579. [PMID: 38866337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The growing number of companion dogs has contributed to a rapidly growing market for pet products, including dog toys. However, little is known about the hazardous substances released from dog toys. This study aims to examine the potential presence of obesogens, a subset of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are widely utilized as raw materials in the manufacture of dog toy components, and their effects on dog health. To achieve this, we adapted and employed a migration method typically used for children's products to simulate obesogen exposure in dogs through sucking or chewing toys. We demonstrated that out of various obesogens, bisphenol A (BPA) was released from dog toys into synthetic saliva, whereas phthalates and azo dyes were not detected in any of the leachates. Additionally, we found that BPA induced adipogenic differentiation in canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs). Our RNA sequencing experiments revealed that BPA alters the adipogenesis-related gene signature in cADSCs by elevating the expression levels of ADIPOQ, PLIN1, PCK1, CIDEC, and FABP4. The associated transcriptional changes are involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, which may contribute to the promotion of adipogenesis by BPA. Our findings suggest that companion dogs are at risk of BPA exposure, which may contribute to obesity in dogs. Therefore, the implementation of precautionary measures is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
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Singh M, Crosthwait J, Sorisky A, Atlas E. Tetra methyl bisphenol F: another potential obesogen. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:923-933. [PMID: 38388800 PMCID: PMC11216980 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases are increasing globally. Sedentary lifestyle, high caloric diet, and genetic predisposition are known to contribute to the onset of obesity. It is increasingly recognized that exposure to environmental chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) may also play a significant role. BPA has been correlated with an array of adverse health effects, including obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to public concern, manufacturers are replacing BPA with structural analogues for which there is limited toxicological data. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of these BPA analogues on adipogenesis. METHODS The adipogenic effects of Tetra Methyl Bisphenol F (TMBPF), Bisphenol F (BPF), Bisphenol AP (BPAP), and fluorine-9-bisphenol (BHPF) were evaluated in murine 3T3-L1 cells. The cells were treated with BPA and its analogues at concentrations from 0.01 µM to 20 µM, throughout differentiation, in the absence of Dexamethasone (Dex). Lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein levels of adipogenic markers was assessed. RESULTS We found that TMBPF, BPF and BPA increased 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation and the expression levels of adipogenic markers lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4) and perilipin (Plin) (1-20 µM; p < 0.05), whereas BHPF and BPAP had no effect in this model. Further, TMBPF induced adipogenesis to a greater extent than all the other chemicals including BPA (1-20 µM; p < 0.05). The effect mediated by TMBPF on expression levels of Fabp4, but not Plin, is likely mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation. CONCLUSIONS Of the BPA analogues tested, BPF was most similar to BPA in its effects, while TMBPF was most adipogenic. In addition, TMBPF is likely a PPARγ agonist, it is likely an obesogenic chemical and may be a metabolic disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Singh
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosthwait
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau (EHSRB), Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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5
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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Ricker K, Cheng V, Hsieh CJ, Tsai FC, Osborne G, Li K, Yilmazer-Musa M, Sandy MS, Cogliano VJ, Schmitz R, Sun M. Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Bisphenol A. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:253-290. [PMID: 38204208 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231225161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The ten key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens are based on characteristics of known human carcinogens and encompass many types of endpoints. We propose that an objective review of the large amount of cancer mechanistic evidence for the chemical bisphenol A (BPA) can be achieved through use of these KCs. A search on metabolic and mechanistic data relevant to the carcinogenicity of BPA was conducted and web-based software tools were used to screen and organize the results. We applied the KCs to systematically identify, organize, and summarize mechanistic information for BPA, and to bring relevant carcinogenic mechanisms into focus. For some KCs with very large data sets, we utilized reviews focused on specific endpoints. Over 3000 studies for BPA from various data streams (exposed humans, animals, in vitro and cell-free systems) were identified. Mechanistic data relevant to each of the ten KCs were identified, with receptor-mediated effects, epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation being especially data rich. Reactive and bioactive metabolites are also associated with a number of KCs. This review demonstrates how the KCs can be applied to evaluate mechanistic data, especially for data-rich chemicals. While individual entities may have different approaches for the incorporation of mechanistic data in cancer hazard identification, the KCs provide a practical framework for conducting an objective examination of the available mechanistic data without a priori assumptions on mode of action. This analysis of the mechanistic data available for BPA suggests multiple and inter-connected mechanisms through which this chemical can act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ricker
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Cheng
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Chingyi Jennifer Hsieh
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Feng C Tsai
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Osborne
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kate Li
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meltem Yilmazer-Musa
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vincent J Cogliano
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rose Schmitz
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Kim SH, Shin SH, Kim SM, Jung SE, Shin BJ, Ahn JS, Lim KT, Kim DH, Lee K, Ryu BY. Bisphenol Analogs Downregulate the Self-Renewal Potential of Spermatogonial Stem Cells. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e37. [PMID: 38606862 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) and its major analogs, bisphenol-F (BPF), and bisphenol-S (BPS), on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) populations using in vitro SSC culture and in vivo transplantation models. MATERIALS AND METHODS SSCs enriched from 6- to 8-day-old C57BL/6-eGFP+ male mice testes were treated with varying concentrations of bisphenols for 7 days to examine bisphenol-derived cytotoxicity and changes in SSC characteristics. We utilized flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and western blot analysis. The functional alteration of SSCs was further investigated by examining donor SSC-derived spermatogenesis evaluation through in vivo transplantation and subsequent testis analysis. RESULTS BPF exhibited a similar inhibitory effect on SSCs as BPA, demonstrating a significant decrease in SSC survival, inhibition of proliferation, and induction of apoptosis. On the other hand, while BPS was comparatively weaker than BPA and BPF, it still showed significant SSC cytotoxicity. Importantly, SSCs exposed to BPA, BPF, and BPS exhibited a significant reduction in donor SSC-derived germ cell colonies per total number of cultured cells, indicating that, like BPA, BPF, and BPS can induce a comparable reduction in functional SSCs in the recipient animals. However, the progress of spermatogenesis, as evidenced by histochemistry and the expressions of PCNA and SSC specific markers, collectively indicates that BPA, BPF, and BPS may not adversely affect the spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the major BPA substitutes, BPF and BPS, have significant cytotoxic effects on SSCs, similar to BPA. These effects may lead to a reduction in the functional self-renewal stem cell population and potential impacts on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hee Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Jin Seop Ahn
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Lim
- Department of Urology, Maria Fertility Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea.
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Patel RH, Truong VB, Sabry R, Acosta JE, McCahill K, Favetta LA. SMAD signaling pathway is disrupted by BPA via the AMH receptor in bovine granulosa cells†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:994-1008. [PMID: 37724935 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant events that determine oocyte competence occur during follicular growth and oocyte maturation. The anti-Mullerian hormone, a positive predictor of fertility, has been shown to be affected by exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds, such as bisphenol A and S. However, the interaction between bisphenols and SMAD proteins, mediators of the anti-Mullerian hormone pathway, has not yet been elucidated. AMH receptor (AMHRII) and downstream SMAD expression was investigated in bovine granulosa cells treated with bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and then competitively with the anti-Mullerian hormone. Here, we show that 24-h bisphenol A exposure in granulosa cells significantly increased SMAD1, SMAD4, and SMAD5 mRNA expression. No significant changes were observed in AMHRII or SMADs protein expression after 24-h treatment. Following 12-h treatments with bisphenol A (alone or with the anti-Mullerian hormone), a significant increase in SMAD1 and SMAD4 mRNA expression was observed, while a significant decrease in SMAD1 and phosphorylated SMAD1 was detected at the protein level. To establish a functional link between bisphenols and the anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway, antisense oligonucleotides were utilized to suppress AMHRII expression with or without bisphenol exposure. Initially, transfection conditions were optimized and validated with a 70% knockdown achieved. Our findings show that bisphenol S exerts its effects independently of the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, while bisphenol A may act directly through the anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway providing a potential mechanism by which bisphenols may exert their actions to disrupt follicular development and decrease oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi H Patel
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivien B Truong
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reem Sabry
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julianna E Acosta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiera McCahill
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Urbanetz LAML, Junior JMS, Maciel GAR, Simões RDS, Baracat MCP, Baracat EC. Does bisphenol A (BPA) participates in the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100310. [PMID: 38008036 PMCID: PMC10757276 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS is an endocrine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Its etiology is uncertain. It is debated whether BPA would be a component of the environmental factor in the etiology of PCOS. Contamination by BPA can occur from food packaging (exposure during the diet) and through skin absorption and/or inhalation. It can be transferred to the fetus via the placenta or to the infant via breast milk, and it can be found in follicular fluid, fetal serum, and amniotic fluid. The phenolic structure of BPA allows it to interact with Estrogen Receptors (ERs) through genomic signaling, in which BPA binds to nuclear ERα or Erβ, or through nongenomic signaling by binding to membrane ERs, prompting a rapid and intense response. With daily and constant exposure, BPA's tendency to bioaccumulate and its ability to activate nongenomic signaling pathways can alter women's metabolic and reproductive function, leading to hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, chronic inflammatory state, and anovulation and favoring PCOS. The harmful changes caused by BPA can be passed on to future generations without the need for additional exposure because of epigenetic modifications. Not only high BPA levels can produce harmful effects, but at low levels, BPA may be harmful when exposure occurs during the most vulnerable periods, such as the fetal and neonatal periods, as well as during the prepubertal age causing an early accumulation of BPA in the body. Learning how BPA participates in the pathogenesis of PCOS poses a challenge and further studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel
- Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dos Santos Simões
- Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cândida Pinheiro Baracat
- Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Deodati A, Bottaro G, Germani D, Carli F, Tait S, Busani L, Della Latta V, Pala AP, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Gastaldelli A, La Rocca C, Cianfarani S. Urinary Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Children with Obesity: A Case-Control Study. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:388-396. [PMID: 37972573 PMCID: PMC11309050 DOI: 10.1159/000535305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. Experimental animal and in vitro studies suggest that the exposure to BPA and phthalates are associated to a higher risk of obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine urinary excretion of bisphenol A and phthalates in obese and normal weight children. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 122 children. Sixty-six obese children, 36 girls (mean age 8.41 ± 1.27 years), and 30 boys (mean age 8.51 ± 1.33 years) and 56 normal weight children, 27 girls (mean age 7.64 ± 1.49 years), and 29 boys (mean age 7.77 ± 1.56 years) were studied. Urinary BPA and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP) were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual determinants of exposure were evaluated through "ad hoc" questionnaires. RESULTS BPA and DEHP metabolites were detectable in obese and normal weight children. Obese girls showed significantly higher BPA concentrations in comparison with normal weight girls (means 10.77, 95% CI = 7.02-16.53 vs. 5.50, 95% CI = 3.93-7.71 μg/g creatinine, respectively, p < 0.02). The first step of DEHP metabolic rate was significantly higher in obese girls compared with controls (p < 0.05). DEHP metabolites correlated significantly with leptin concentrations in obese girls (p < 0.03). A higher risk of obesity was found in children with BPA levels above the median values with the habit to eat food packaged (OR = 11.09, 95% CI = 1.28-95.78). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that a higher exposure to BPA is associated with the risk of obesity in girls. Further studies are needed to unveil the cause-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bottaro
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizia Carli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Busani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Paola Pala
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - LIFE PERSUADED Project Group
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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11
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Costa G, Vento G, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of antimony impair adipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis during 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114107. [PMID: 37858840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid widely present in plastics used for food contact packaging, toys and other household items. Since Sb can be released by these plastics and come into contact with humans, health concerns have been highlighted. The effect of Sb on human tissues is yet controversial, and biochemical mechanisms of toxicity are lacking. In the present study, the effect of very low nanomolar concentrations of Sb(III), able to mimicking chronic human exposure, was evaluated in 3T3-L1 murine cells during the differentiation process. Low nanomolar Sb exposure (from 0.05 to 5 nM) induced lipid accumulation and a marked increase in C/EBP-β and PPAR-γ levels, the master regulators of adipogenesis. The Sb-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Additionally, Sb stimulated preadipocytes proliferation inducing G2/M phase of cell cycle and this effect was associated to reduced cell-cycle inhibitor p21 levels. In addition to these metabolic dysfunctions, Sb activated the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis inducing ROS increase, ER stress markers XBP-1s and pEIF2a and downstream genes, such as Grp78 and CHOP. This study, for the first time, supports obesogenic effects of low concentrations exposure of Sb during preadipocytes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gregorio Costa
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
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12
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Basak S, Varma S, Duttaroy AK. Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215353. [PMID: 37854189 PMCID: PMC10579913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal endocrine homeostasis is vital to a successful pregnancy, regulated by several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, leptin, glucocorticoid, insulin, prostaglandin, and others. Endocrine stress during pregnancy can modulate nutrient availability from mother to fetus, alter fetoplacental growth and reproductive functions. Endocrine disrupters such as bisphenols (BPs) and phthalates are exposed in our daily life's highest volume. Therefore, they are extensively scrutinized for their effects on metabolism, steroidogenesis, insulin signaling, and inflammation involving obesity, diabetes, and the reproductive system. BPs have their structural similarity to 17-β estradiol and their ability to bind as an agonist or antagonist to estrogen receptors to elicit an adverse response to the function of the endocrine and reproductive system. While adults can negate the adverse effects of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fetuses do not equip themselves with enzymatic machinery to catabolize their conjugates. Therefore, EDC exposure makes the fetoplacental developmental window vulnerable to programming in utero. On the one hand prenatal BPs and phthalates exposure can impair the structure and function of the ovary and uterus, resulting in placental vascular defects, inappropriate placental expression of angiogenic growth factors due to altered hypothalamic response, expression of nutrient transporters, and epigenetic changes associated with maternal endocrine stress. On the other, their exposure during pregnancy can affect the offspring's metabolic, endocrine and reproductive functions by altering fetoplacental programming. This review highlights the latest development in maternal metabolic and endocrine modulations from exposure to estrogenic mimic chemicals on subcellular and transgenerational changes in placental development and its effects on fetal growth, size, and metabolic & reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhu Q, Zhao J, Zong H, Deng Q, Zheng J, Wu E, Wu R, Tang T, Zhang Y, Dong Q, Li Y, Wang J, Yang L, Qiu S, Shen B, Wei Q. Association Between Urinary Bisphenols and Body Composition Among American Adults: Cross-Sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e49652. [PMID: 37615638 PMCID: PMC10548327 DOI: 10.2196/49652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) are widely used in various consumer products. They are environmental contaminants with estrogenic properties that have been linked to various health outcomes. Understanding their impact on body composition is crucial for identifying potential health risks and developing preventive strategies. However, most current studies have only focused on their relationship with BMI. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary levels of BPA, BPS, and BPF and body composition, including BMI, lean mass, and fat mass, in a large population-based sample. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2016. Body composition data were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which provided precise measurements of lean mass, fat mass, and other indicators. We used multivariate linear regression models to estimate the associations, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, gender, race, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle variables. RESULTS The results revealed significant associations between bisphenol exposure and body composition. After adjusting for covariates, BPS showed a positive association with BMI, with quartiles 3 and 4 having 0.91 (95% CI 0.34-1.48) and 1.15 (95% CI 0.55-1.74) higher BMI, respectively, compared with quartile 1 (P<.001). BPA was negatively associated with total lean mass (TLM) and appendicular lean mass, with quartiles 2, 3, and 4 having -7.85 (95% CI -11.44 to -4.25), -12.33 (95% CI -16.12 to -8.54), and -11.08 (95% CI -15.16 to -7.01) lower TLM, respectively, compared with quartile 1 (P<.001). BPS was negatively associated with TLM, with quartiles 3 (β=-10.53, 95% CI -16.98 to -4.08) and 4 (β=-11.14, 95% CI -17.83 to -4.45) having significantly lower TLM (P=.005). Both BPA and BPS showed a positive dose-response relationship with trunk fat (BPA: P=.002; BPS: P<.001) and total fat (BPA: P<.001; BPS: P=.01). No significant association was found between BPF and any body composition parameter. CONCLUSIONS This large-sample study highlights the associations between urinary levels of BPA and BPS and alterations in body composition, including changes in lean mass, fat mass, and regional fat distribution. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the potential health risks associated with bisphenol exposure and emphasize the need for targeted interventions to mitigate adverse effects on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zong
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaming Zheng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erman Wu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Tang
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaosen Dong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Numsriskulrat N, Teeranathada T, Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi C, Aroonparkmongkol S, Choi K, Supornsilchai V. Exposure to Bisphenol A and Its Analogs among Thai School-Age Children. TOXICS 2023; 11:761. [PMID: 37755771 PMCID: PMC10536550 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have become popular substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA) in the plastic industry due to concerns over BPA's adverse effects. However, there is limited information on children's exposure to these chemicals. This study aims to assess the extent of BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure and determine factors that influence such exposure. A group of Thai children (age 6-13 years, N = 358) were recruited between October 2019 and 2020. Two first-morning voids were collected one week apart. Demographic and exposure-related information was gathered. Urinary concentrations of bisphenols were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Correlation between bisphenol concentrations with age, body weight, and sources of bisphenol exposure, was determined using generalized estimating equations with linear model. BPA, BPF, and BPS were detected at 79.6%, 31.0%, and 16.8%, with geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 1.41, 0.013, and 0.014 ng/mL, respectively. Younger children aged <10 years exhibited 1.3-1.6 times higher GM levels of all bisphenols compared to older children. Exposure to food stored in plastic containers was associated with higher levels of BPF and BPS. In conclusion, BPA was the most frequently detected bisphenol in urine samples from Thai children, followed by BPF and BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakarn Numsriskulrat
- Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.T.); (C.B.-P.)
| | - Thanawan Teeranathada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.T.); (C.B.-P.)
| | - Chansuda Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.T.); (C.B.-P.)
| | - Suphab Aroonparkmongkol
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Vichit Supornsilchai
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.T.); (C.B.-P.)
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15
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Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Almazán Fernández de Bobadilla V, Monteagudo C, Giménez-Martínez R, Rodrigo L, Zafra-Gómez A, Rivas A. Levels of Bisphenol A and its analogs in nails, saliva, and urine of children: a case control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226820. [PMID: 37645630 PMCID: PMC10461051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A growing number of studies link the increase in overweight/obesity worldwide to exposure to certain environmental chemical pollutants that display obesogenic activity (obesogens). Since exposure to obesogens during the first stages of life has been shown to have a more intense and pronounced effect at lower doses, it is imperative to study their possible effects in childhood. The objective here was to study the association of Bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 BPA analogs in children, using three biological matrices (nails, saliva and urine), and overweight and obesity (n = 160). Methods In this case-control study, 59 overweight/obese children and 101 controls were included. The measuring of Bisphenols in the matrices was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was used to study the association between overweight/obesity and Bisphenol exposure. Results The results suggested that BPF in nails is associated with overweight/ obesity in children (OR:4.87; p = 0.020). In saliva, however, the highest detected concentrations of BPAF presented an inverse association (OR: 0.06; p = 0.010) with overweight/obesity. No associations of statistical significance were detected between exposure to BPA or its other analogs and overweight/obesity in any of the biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
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17
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Chakraborty S, Dissanayake M, Godwin J, Wang X, Bhandari RK. Ancestral BPA exposure caused defects in the liver of medaka for four generations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159067. [PMID: 36174697 PMCID: PMC10593180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals can induce liver defects in experimental animals due to their direct and acute exposure. It is not clear whether environmental chemical exposures result in the transgenerational passage of liver defects in subsequent generations living in an uncontaminated environment. Bisphenol A (BPA), a plasticizer chemical, has been ubiquitous in the environment in the recent decade. Every organism is exposed to this chemical at some point during its lifetime. Literature suggests that direct BPA exposure can result in several metabolic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite the phasing out of BPA from several consumer goods, it is unclear whether ancestral BPA exposure causes liver health problems in the unexposed future generations. Here, we demonstrate an advanced stage of NAFLD in the grandchildren (F2 generation) of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) due to embryonic BPA exposure in the grandparental generation (F0), which persists for five generations (F4) even in the absence of BPA. The severity of transgenerational NAFLD phenotype included steatosis together with perisinusoidal fibrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes. Adult females developed more severe histopathological conditions in the liver than males. Genes encoding enzymes involved in lipolytic pathways were significantly decreased. The present results suggest that ancestral BPA exposure can result in transgenerational metabolic diseases that can persist for five generations and that the NAFLD trait is sexually dimorphic. Given that ancestral BPA exposure can lead to altered metabolic health outcomes in the subsequent unexposed generations, the development of the methods and strategies to mitigate the transgenerational onset of metabolic diseases seem imperative to protect future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Manthi Dissanayake
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Julia Godwin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Ramji Kumar Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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Bi J, Wang F, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Jia C, He J, Yao J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Li P, He M. Association of serum bisphenol A levels with incident overweight and obesity risk and the mediating effect of adiponectin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136287. [PMID: 36084821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing cross-sectional studies indicated a positive association of bisphenol A (BPA) with overweight and obesity. However, the relationship and potential mechanisms underlying this association remain to be elucidated in prospective studies. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether serum BPA is associated with incident overweight and obesity risk, and to further explore whether adiponectin plays a mediating role in the association. METHODS We measured blood BPA and adiponectin in Chinese populations. The association of serum BPA with overweight and obesity risk was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. We further examined the mediating effect of adiponectin by causal mediation analysis. RESULTS Among 796 participants free of overweight and obesity at baseline, 133 individuals developed overweight and obesity during the follow-up period. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum BPA, those in the second and third quartiles were positively associated with incident overweight and obesity risk adjusting for covariates (all P-values < 0.05), whereas this association was not observed in the fourth quartile. Further spline analysis showed an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship (Pnon-linear = 0.04). Furthermore, each unit of serum log10-transformed BPA levels was associated with higher changes in waist-to-height ratio and body roundness index (all P-values < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects of adiponectin on the associations of BPA with overweight and obesity prevalence (mediation proportion: 46.08%; P = 0.02), and BMI levels (mediation proportion: 30.32%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Serum BPA displayed a positive association with incident overweight and obesity risk in a non-monotonic pattern, and adiponectin might mediate the association. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengyong Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinqiu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zefang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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20
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Alharbi HF, Algonaiman R, Alduwayghiri R, Aljutaily T, Algheshairy RM, Almutairi AS, Alharbi RM, Alfurayh LA, Alshahwan AA, Alsadun AF, Barakat H. Exposure to Bisphenol A Substitutes, Bisphenol S and Bisphenol F, and Its Association with Developing Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15918. [PMID: 36497992 PMCID: PMC9736995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A, a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been replaced with its analogs bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) over the last decade due to health concerns. BPS and BPF are present in relatively high concentrations in different products, such as food products, personal care products, and sales receipts. Both BPS and BPF have similar structural and chemical properties to BPA; therefore, considerable scientific efforts have investigated the safety of their exposure. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant epidemiological studies investigating the association between urinary concentrations of BPS and/or BPF with the incidence of obesity or diabetes. The results showed that BPS and BPF were detected in many urinary samples at median concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.4 µg·L-1. At this exposure level, BPS median urinary concentrations (0.4 µg·L-1) were associated with the development of obesity. At a lower exposure level (0.1-0.03 µg·L-1), two studies showed an association with developing diabetes. For BPF exposure, only one study showed an association with obesity. However, most of the reported studies only assessed BPS exposure levels. Furthermore, we also summarize the findings of experimental studies in vivo and in vitro regarding our aim; results support the possible obesogenic effects/metabolic disorders mediated by BPS and/or BPF exposure. Unexpectedly, BPS may promote worse obesogenic effects than BPA. In addition, the possible mode of action underlying the obesogenic effects of BPS might be attributed to various pathophysiological mechanisms, including estrogenic or androgenic activities, alterations in the gene expression of critical adipogenesis-related markers, and induction of oxidative stress and an inflammatory state. Furthermore, susceptibility to the adverse effects of BPS may be altered by sex differences according to the results of both epidemiological and experimental studies. However, the possible mode of action underlying these sex differences is still unclear. In conclusion, exposure to BPS or BPF may promote the development of obesity and diabetes. Future approaches are highly needed to assess the safety of BPS and BPF regarding their potential effects in promoting metabolic disturbances. Other studies in different populations and settings are highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend F. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raya Algonaiman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alduwayghiri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Aljutaily
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M. Algheshairy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim S. Almutairi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena A. Alfurayh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A. Alshahwan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad F. Alsadun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Speciale A, Salamone FL, Toscano G, Saija A, Cimino F. The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217645. [PMID: 36364480 PMCID: PMC9656719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes’ thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans’ close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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22
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Pu Y, Ticiani E, Waye AA, Dong K, Zhang H, Veiga-Lopez A. Sex-specific extracellular matrix remodeling during early adipogenic differentiation by gestational bisphenol A exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134806. [PMID: 35504463 PMCID: PMC9575584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical known to promote adipose tissue mass in vivo and adipogenesis in vitro. Whether BPA can affect and reprogram early adipogenic differentiation signals that trigger adipogenic differentiation, remains unknown. We hypothesized that gestational BPA exposure results in a preadipocyte phenotype that leads to accelerated adipogenic differentiation, and that this phenotype is sex specific. Primary ovine fetal preadipocytes were derived from control (C) and BPA-exposed during pregnancy and differentiated in vitro. Gestational BPA enhanced lipid accumulation at early stages of differentiation (48 h) and this was evident in females but not male-derived fetal preadipocytes. After an RNA sequencing approach, samples were compared as follows: 2 groups (C vs. BPA); 2 sexes (female (F) vs. male (M)); and 2 time points (0 h vs. 48 h). Before differentiation, 15 genes were differentially expressed between the C and the BPA-exposed preadipocytes within sex. In BPA-F, extracellular matrix remodeling genes cathepsin K and collagen 5α3 were upregulated compared to C-F. At 48 h, BPA-F had 154 genes differentially expressed vs. C-F and BPA-M had 487 genes differentially expressed vs. C-M. Triglyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most upregulated pathways in BPA-F. Downregulated pathways were associated with extracellular matrix organization in BPA-exposed preadipocytes. These findings are among the first to demonstrate that gestational BPA can modify the fate of adipocyte precursors by altering pathways associated to extracellular matrix components, an often-disregarded, but required aspect of adipogenic differentiation. This work highlights the need to investigate early adipogenic differentiation changes in other obesogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA.
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23
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Nunes HC, Tavares SC, Garcia HV, Cucielo MS, Dos Santos SAA, Aal MCE, de Golim MA, Justulin LA, Ribeiro AO, Deffune E, Scarano WR, Delella FK. Bisphenol A and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin at non-cytotoxic doses alter the differentiation potential and cell function of rat adipose-stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2314-2323. [PMID: 35661558 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of chemical contamination is an important issue to consider when designing a cell therapy strategy. Both bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are among the most environmentally relevant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs, compounds with a high affinity for adipose tissue) recently studied. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from adipose tissue widely used in regenerative medicine to prevent and treat diseases in several tissues and organs. Although the experimental use of tissue-engineered constructs requires careful analysis for approval and implantation, there has been a recent increase in the number of approved clinical trials for this promising strategy. This study aimed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, DNA damage, and the adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation potential of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs) exposed to previously established non-cytotoxic doses of BPA and TCDD in vitro. Results demonstrated that 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD were able to significantly reduce cell viability, while all exposure levels resulted in DNA damage, although did not increase the apoptosis rate. According to the analysis of adipogenic differentiation, 1 μM of BPA induced the significant formation of oil droplets, suggesting an increased adipocyte differentiation, while both 10 μM of BPA and 10 nM of TCDD decreased adipocyte differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation did not differ among the treatments. As such, BPA and TCDD in the concentrations tested can modify important processes in rASCs such as cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and DNA damage. Together, these findings prove that EDCs play an important role as contaminants, putatively interfering in cell differentiation and thus impairing the therapeutic use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Caputo Nunes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samara Costa Tavares
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Vicente Garcia
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Carolini Esgoti Aal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Assis de Golim
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Flow Cytometry Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Antônio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elenice Deffune
- Botucatu Medical School, Blood Transfusion Center, Cell Engineering Lab, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Fang R, Yang S, Gu X, Li C, Bi N, Wang HL. Early-life exposure to bisphenol A induces dysregulation of lipid homeostasis by the upregulation of SCD1 in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119201. [PMID: 35341816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Bisphenol A (BPA) is closely associated with an increased prevalence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. However, the potential mechanism of BPA-induced adipogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, potential mechanisms of BPA-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were evaluated using RNA-Seq. Then, using an early-life BPA exposure model, we further evaluated the effects of BPA exposure on lipid and glucose homeostasis. The results showed that lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was significantly increased after BPA exposure (p < 0.01) and male C57BL/6 mice with the dose of 500 μg/kg/day BPA by once-a-day oral administration for 8 weeks displayed a NAFLD-like phenotype. RNA-Seq analysis of preadipocytes showed that BPA exposure affected multiple biological processes including glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. The dysregulation in a series of genes of mice was associated to de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport, which was linked to obesity. Importantly, we also found a significant expression increase of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and a significant decrease of apolipoprotein D (APOD) in both fat (p < 0.01) and livers (p < 0.01) of male mice. Besides, the dysregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α,IL-6 and SAA3) showed that BPA exposure promoted progression of hepatic inflammation. In conclusion, this study elucidated a novel mechanism in which obesity associated with BPA exposure by targeting SCD1. Exposure to BPA should be carefully examined in the chronic liver metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Changqing Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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The Mixture of Bisphenol-A and Its Substitutes Bisphenol-S and Bisphenol-F Exerts Obesogenic Activity on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060287. [PMID: 35736896 PMCID: PMC9229358 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes, bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS), have previously shown in vitro obesogenic activity. This study was designed to investigate their combined effect on the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Cells were exposed for 14 days to an equimolar mixture of bisphenols (MIX) (range 10 nM–10 µM). Oil Red staining was used to measure intracellular lipid accumulation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to study gene expression of adipogenic markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, and FABP4), and Western Blot to determine their corresponding proteins. The MIX promoted intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal response at 10 µM. Co-incubation with pure antiestrogen (ICI 182,780) inhibited lipid accumulation, suggesting that the effect was mediated by the estrogen receptor. The MIX also significantly altered the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, and FABP4 markers, observing a non-monotonic (U-shaped) dose-response, with maximal gene expression at 10 nM and 10 µM and lesser expression at 1 µM. This pattern was not observed when bisphenols were tested individually. Exposure to MIX (1–10 µM) also increased all encoded proteins except for FABP4, which showed no changes. Evaluation of the combined effect of relevant chemical mixtures is needed rather than single chemical testing.
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Denuzière A, Ghersi-Egea JF. Cerebral concentration and toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals: The implication of blood-brain interfaces. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:100-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Bahari H, Keong YY, Rajandram R, Embong H, Teoh SH, Halim S, Othman F. Bisphenol A (BPA) Leading to Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications: A Compilation of Current In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2969. [PMID: 35328389 PMCID: PMC8949383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is one of the most common endocrine disruptors that is widely being manufactured daily nationwide. Although scientific evidence supports claims of negative effects of BPA on humans, there is also evidence suggesting that a low level of BPA is safe. However, numerous in vivo trials contraindicate with this claim and there is a high possibility of BPA exposure could lead to obesity. It has been speculated that this does not stop with the exposed subjects only, but may also cause transgenerational effects. Direct disruption of endocrine regulation, neuroimmune and signaling pathways, as well as gut microbiata, has been identified to be interrupted by BPA exposure, leading to overweight or obesity. In these instances, cardiovascular complications are one of the primary notable clinical signs. In regard to this claim, this review paper discusses the role of BPA on obesity in the perspective of endocrine disruptions and possible cardiovascular complications that may arise due to BPA. Thus, the aim of this review is to outline the changes in gut microbiota and neuroimmune or signaling mechanisms involved in obesity in relation to BPA. To identify potentially relevant articles, a depth search was done on the databases Nature, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Medline & Ovid from the past 5 years. According to Boolean operator guideline, selected keywords such as (1) BPA OR environmental chemical AND fat OR LDL OR obese AND transgenerational effects or phenocopy (2) Endocrine disruptors OR chemical AND lipodystrophy AND phenocopy (3) Lipid profile OR weight changes AND cardiovascular effect (4) BPA AND neuroimmune OR gene signaling, were used as search terms. Upon screening, 11 articles were finalized to be further reviewed and data extraction tables containing information on (1) the type of animal model (2) duration and dosage of BPA exposure (3) changes in the lipid profile or weight (4) genes, signaling mechanism, or any neuroimmune signal involved, and (5) transgenerational effects were created. In toto, the study indicates there are high chances of BPA exposure affecting lipid profile and gene associated with lipolysis, leading to obesity. Therefore, this scoping review recapitulates the possible effects of BPA that may lead to obesity with the evidence of current in vivo trials. The biomarkers, safety concerns, recommended dosage, and the impact of COVID-19 on BPA are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Neuroscience Research Group, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Aaseth J, Javorac D, Djordjevic AB, Bulat Z, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 35202251 PMCID: PMC8877532 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are considered as potential obesogens that may affect adipose tissue development and functioning, thus promoting obesity. However, various POPs may have different mechanisms of action. The objective of the present review is to discuss the key mechanisms linking exposure to POPs to adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Laboratory data clearly demonstrate that the mechanisms associated with the interference of exposure to POPs with obesity include: (a) dysregulation of adipogenesis regulators (PPARγ and C/EBPα); (b) affinity and binding to nuclear receptors; (c) epigenetic effects; and/or (d) proinflammatory activity. Although in vivo data are generally corroborative of the in vitro results, studies in living organisms have shown that the impact of POPs on adipogenesis is affected by biological factors such as sex, age, and period of exposure. Epidemiological data demonstrate a significant association between exposure to POPs and obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disturbances (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), although the existing data are considered insufficient. In conclusion, both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens. However, further studies are required to better characterize both the mechanisms and the dose/concentration-response effects of exposure to POPs in the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.J.); (A.B.D.); (Z.B.)
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Bioelementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Seok JW, Park JY, Park HK, Lee H. Endrin potentiates early-stage adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin. Life Sci 2022; 288:120151. [PMID: 34801515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are a type of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that disrupt the human endocrine system, resulting in obesity and metabolic disease. Several obesogens, including bisphenol A, tolylfluanid, and some pesticides, have been identified and studied previously; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which obesogens interfere with adipogenesis and induce insulin resistance in adipocyte remain unknown. This study aims to determine which type of chemical is the most potent obesogen and to investigate its effect on adipogenesis-related gene expressions. 3T3-L1, a pre adipocyte cell line, was differentiated into mature adipocytes with either vehicle or various obesogens, including bisphenol A, tolylfluanid, and endrin, as well as corticosterone, at the same dose. Subsequently, intracellular and secreted triglyceride levels were measured, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis was investigated. We found that endrin was the most potent regulator of adipogenic differentiation, as compared to tolylfluanid, bisphenol A, and corticosterone. Endrin increased intracellular and secreted triglyceride levels and enhanced the expression of adipogenic transcription factors as well as the terminal differentiation marker in a dose-dependent manner. During the early stages of differentiation, endrin enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, which was suppressed by the pharmacological blockade of the protein kinase B-mTOR pathway, with repressed adipogenic differentiation. However, endrin did not change the expression levels of the downstream members of the mTOR signaling pathway or proteins related to lipolysis in response to insulin. Thus, we suggest that endrin potentiates early-stage adipogenic differentiation by activating the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Woon Seok
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeo Park
- Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Park
- Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biobehavioral Research Center, College of Nursing Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Nettore IC, Franchini F, Palatucci G, Macchia PE, Ungaro P. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111716. [PMID: 34829943 PMCID: PMC8615468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the possible association between the pandemics of obesity and some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), termed “obesogens”. These are a heterogeneous group of exogenous compounds that can interfere in the endocrine regulation of energy metabolism and adipose tissue structure. Oral intake, inhalation, and dermal absorption represent the major sources of human exposure to these EDCs. Recently, epigenetic changes such as the methylation of cytosine residues on DNA, post-translational modification of histones, and microRNA expression have been considered to act as an intermediary between deleterious effects of EDCs and obesity development in susceptible individuals. Specifically, EDCs exposure during early-life development can detrimentally affect individuals via inducing epigenetic modifications that can permanently change the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the next generations and predisposing them to a multitude of diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze the epigenetic alterations putatively induced by chemical exposures and their ability to interfere with the control of energy metabolism and adipose tissue regulation, resulting in imbalances in the control of body weight, which can lead to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Fabiana Franchini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.N.); (F.F.); (G.P.); (P.E.M.)
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR “G. Salvatore”, Via S. Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-770-4795
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Choi SI, Kwon HY, Han X, Men X, Choi YE, Jang GW, Park KT, Han J, Lee OH. Environmental obesogens (bisphenols, phthalates and parabens) and their impacts on adipogenic transcription factors in the absence of dexamethasone in 3T3-L1 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105994. [PMID: 34481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that are capable of blocking or mimicking the action of bioidentical hormones. Obesogenic EDCs, commonly called obesogens, play an important role in adipogenesis. This study was carried out to determine the effects of select obesogens and their alternatives on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells under dexamethasone (DEX)-free conditions. Preadipocytes were treated with a cocktail of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and insulin to which an obesogen (viz., bisphenol A (BPA) or its analogs BPS and BPF; dioctyl terephthalate; tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate; or various parabens) had been added. A mixture containing IBMX, insulin, and DEX, which constitute the typical hormonal cocktail required for adipocyte differentiation, was used as the control against which the other groups were measured. The obesogens and the PBA analogs all had evident adipogenic effects under DEX-free conditions, as was determined by estimating the lipid accumulation levels in the cells using Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and adipocyte protein 2) was induced by 20 μM of BPA, BPS, or BPF at both the mRNA and protein levels, as determined through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Taken together, the results reveal that adipocyte differentiation can be induced by obesogens and their alternatives in the absence of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwon Han
- MilaeBio Resources Co., Ltd., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Reproducibility of adipogenic responses to metabolism disrupting chemicals in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model system: An interlaboratory study. Toxicology 2021; 461:152900. [PMID: 34411659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocyte line is an established cell culture model for screening Metabolism Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs). Despite a need to accurately identify MDCs for further evaluation, relatively little research has been performed to comprehensively evaluate reproducibility across laboratories, assess factors that might contribute to varying degrees of differentiation between laboratories (media additives, plastics, cell source, etc.), or to standardize protocols. As such, the goals of this study were to assess interlaboratory variability of efficacy and potency outcomes for triglyceride accumulation and pre-adipocyte proliferation using the mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell assay to test chemicals. Ten laboratories from five different countries participated. Each laboratory evaluated one reference chemical (rosiglitazone) and three blinded test chemicals (tributyltin chloride, pyraclostrobin, and bisphenol A) using: 1) their Laboratory-specific 3T3-L1 Cells (LC) and their Laboratory-specific differentiation Protocol (LP), 2) Shared 3T3-L1 Cells (SC) with LP, 3) LC with a Shared differentiation Protocol (SP), and 4) SC with SP. Blinded test chemical responses were analyzed by the coordinating laboratory. The magnitude and range of bioactivities reported varied considerably across laboratories and test conditions, though the presence or absence of activity for each tested chemical was more consistent. Triglyceride accumulation activity determinations for rosiglitazone ranged from 90 to 100% across test conditions, but 30-70 % for pre-adipocyte proliferation; this was 40-80 % for triglyceride accumulation induced by pyraclostrobin, 80-100 % for tributyltin, and 80-100 % for bisphenol A. Consistency was much lower for pre-adipocyte proliferation, with 30-70 % active determinations for pyraclostrobin, 30-50 % for tributyltin, and 20-40 % for bisphenol A. Greater consistency was observed for the SC/SP assessment. As such, working to develop a standardized adipogenic differentiation protocol represents the best strategy for improving consistency of adipogenic responses using the 3T3-L1 model to reproducibly identify MDCs and increase confidence in reported outcomes.
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Saleh AC, Sabry R, Mastromonaco GF, Favetta LA. BPA and BPS affect the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:119. [PMID: 34344364 PMCID: PMC8330045 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS), is widespread and has negative implications on embryonic development. Preliminary evidence revealed that in women undergoing IVF treatment, urinary BPA levels were associated with low serum anti-Mullerian hormone, however a definitive relationship between the two has not yet been characterized. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate BPA and BPS effects on in vitro oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development through i) analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII), ii) investigation of developmental parameters, such as cleavage, blastocyst rates and developmental arrest, iii) detection of apoptosis and iv) assessment of possible sex ratio skew. An in vitro bovine model was used as a translational model for human early embryonic development. We first assessed AMH and AMHRII levels after bisphenol exposure during oocyte maturation. Zygotes were also analyzed during cleavage and blastocysts stages. Techniques used include in vitro fertilization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, TUNEL and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our findings show that BPA significantly decreased cleavage (p < 0.001), blastocyst (p < 0.005) and overall developmental rates as well as significantly increased embryonic arrest at the 2-4 cell stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, both BPA and BPS significantly increased DNA fragmentation in 2-4 cells, 8-16 cells and blastocyst embryos (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA and BPS alter AMH and AMHRII at the mRNA and protein level in both oocytes and blastocysts. BPA, but not BPS, also significantly skews sex ratios towards female blastocysts (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that BPA affects AMH and AMHRII expression during oocyte maturation and that BPS exerts its effects to a greater extent after fertilization and therefore may not be a safer alternative to BPA. Our data lay the foundation for future functional studies, such as receptor kinetics, downstream effectors, and promoter activation/inhibition to prove a functional relationship between bisphenols and the AMH signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Christina Saleh
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Reem Sabry
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Gabriela Fabiana Mastromonaco
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- grid.507770.20000 0001 0698 6008Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario Canada
| | - Laura Alessandra Favetta
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
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Bisphenol F and bisphenol S promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112216. [PMID: 33865937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with obesogenic activity. We investigated the in vitro effects of BPS and BPF on the adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) exposed to different doses (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 25 μM), stopping the adipogenic process at 7 or 14 days. Intracellular lipid accumulation was quantified by the Oil Red O assay, gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPα), lipoprotein-lipase (LPL) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and protein levels by Western Blot. hASCs with BPF or BPS produced a linear dose-response increase in intracellular lipid accumulation and in gene expression of the adipogenic markers, confirmed by protein levels. Co-treatment ICI 182,780 significantly inhibited BPF- but not BPS-induced lipid accumulation. Given the affinity of bisphenols for diverse nuclear receptors, their obesogenic effects may result from a combination of pathways rather than a single mechanism. Further research is warranted on the manner in which chemicals interfere with adipogenic differentiation. To our best knowledge, this report shows for the first time the obesogenic potential of BPF in hASCs.
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Callaghan MA, Alatorre-Hinojosa S, Connors LT, Singh RD, Thompson JA. Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:626448. [PMID: 33716730 PMCID: PMC7947604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.626448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyla A Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Liam T Connors
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Radha D Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Health Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Loganathan N, McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A Induces Agrp Gene Expression in Hypothalamic Neurons through a Mechanism Involving ATF3. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:678-695. [PMID: 32575098 DOI: 10.1159/000509592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemical and obesogen. Although limited evidence exists of the effects of BPA on hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) levels, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Given that AgRP is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, determining the mechanism by which BPA increases AgRP is critical to preventing the progression to metabolic disease. METHODS Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the response of Agrp-expressing mouse hypothalamic cell lines to BPA treatment. The percentage of total BPA entering hypothalamic cells in culture was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In order to identify the mechanism underlying BPA-mediated changes in Agrp, siRNA knockdown of transcription factors, FOXO1, CHOP, ATF3, ATF4, ATF6, and small-molecule inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress, JNK or MEK/ERK were used. RESULTS BPA increased mRNA levels of Agrp in six hypothalamic cell lines (mHypoA-59, mHypoE-41, mHypoA-2/12, mHypoE-46, mHypoE-44, and mHypoE-42). Interestingly, only 18% of the total BPA in the culture medium entered the cells after 24 h, suggesting that the exposure concentration is much lower than the treatment concentration. BPA increased pre-Agrp mRNA levels, indicating increased Agrp transcription. Knockdown of the transcription factor ATF3 prevented BPA-mediated increase in Agrp, pre-Agrp, and in part Npy mRNA levels. However, chemical chaperone, sodium phenylbutyrate, JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or the MEK/ERK inhibitor PD0352901 did not block BPA-induced Agrp upregulation. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicate that hypothalamic Agrp is susceptible to dysregulation by BPA and implicate ATF3 as a common mediator of the orexigenic effects of BPA in hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
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Ahmed F, Sarsenbayeva A, Katsogiannos P, Aguer C, Pereira MJ. The effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol S on adipokine expression and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue. Toxicology 2020; 445:152600. [PMID: 32976960 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The environmental endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. We aim to study the effects of BPA or BPS exposure on adipokine expression in human adipose tissue and on adipocyte glucose uptake. METHODS Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was treated for 24 or 72 h with environmentally-relevant and supraphysiological concentrations of BPA or BPS (1-104 nM). Following exposure, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and estrogen receptors was measured in adipose tissue. Glucose uptake and the insulin signalling pathway were analyzed in isolated adipocytes following adipose tissue culture with BPA for 24 h. RESULTS Adipose tissue treated with BPA for 24 h had reduced expression of the proinflammatory genes (IL6, IL1B, TNFA) and adipokines (ADIPOQ, FABP4). BPA and BPS had no effect on the expression of other proinflammatory genes (IL33), adipokines (LEP), or receptors (ESR1, ESR2) after 72-h exposure. Adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h had reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, without altered gene and protein levels of key insulin signalling pathway markers. CONCLUSIONS We found that human adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h, but not BPS, reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and adipokines. Furthermore, BPA reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes independently of insulin signalling. Such mechanisms can contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ahmed
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petros Katsogiannos
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Céline Aguer
- Institut du Savoir Montfort-recherche, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet hus R3, våning 2, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Low-dose Bisphenol-A Promotes Epigenetic Changes at Pparγ Promoter in Adipose Precursor Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113498. [PMID: 33203037 PMCID: PMC7696502 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) is associated with an increase in obesity prevalence. Diet is the primary cause of human exposure to this contaminant. BPA promotes obesity by inducing adipocyte dysfunction and altering adipogenesis. Contradictory evidence and unanswered questions are reported in the literature concerning the BPA effects on adipogenesis. To clarify this issue, we tested the effects of prolonged low-dose BPA exposure on different phases of adipogenesis in committed 3T3L1 and uncommitted NIH3T3 preadipocytes. Our findings show that BPA effects on the adipogenesis are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) promoter methylation in preadipocytes. Nevertheless, in BPA-exposed 3T3L1, Pparγ expression only transiently increases as lipid accumulation at day 4 of differentiation, without altering the adipogenic potential of the precursor cells. In the absence of differentiation mix, BPA does not make the 3T3L1 an in vitro model of spontaneous adipogenesis and the effects on the Pparγ expression are still limited at day 4 of differentiation. Furthermore, BPA exposure does not commit the NIH3T3 to the adipocyte lineage, although Pparγ overexpression is more evident both in preadipocytes and during the adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, termination of the BPA exposure restores the Pparγ promoter methylation and inflammatory profile of the 3T3L1 cells. This study shows that BPA induces epigenetic changes in a key adipogenic gene. These modifications are reversible and do not affect preadipocyte commitment and/or differentiation. We identify an alternative transcriptional mechanism by which BPA affects gene expression and demonstrate how the challenge of preventing exposure is fundamental for human health.
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Dou JF, Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Developmental programming: Transcriptional regulation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose by prenatal bisphenol-A in female sheep. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:127000. [PMID: 32417515 PMCID: PMC7418632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure is widespread and early life exposure is associated with metabolic syndrome. While visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome, the adipose depot-specific effects of prenatal BPA treatment are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of prenatal BPA exposure on genome-wide gene expression of VAT and SAT depots. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on SAT and VAT from 21-month old control and prenatal BPA-treated female sheep. Gene expression and pathway differences between SAT and VAT depots with or without prenatal BPA-treatment and the effect of prenatal BPA treatment on each depot were tested. RESULTS There were 179 differentially expressed genes (padjusted < 0.05, log2-fold change >2.5) between SAT and VAT. Development and immune response pathways were upregulated in SAT, while metabolic pathways were upregulated in VAT. These adipose depot-specific genes and pathways were consistent with prenatal BPA-treatment. In SAT, BPA-treatment resulted in differential expression of 108 genes (78% upregulated with BPA) and altered pathways (immune response downregulated, RNA processing upregulated). In contrast in VAT, BPA-treatment differentially expressed 4 genes and upregulated chromatin and RNA processing pathways. CONCLUSION Prenatal BPA-treatment induces adult depot-specific alterations in RNA expression in inflammation, RNA processing, and chromatin pathways, reflecting the diverse roles of SAT and VAT in regulating lipid storage and insulin sensitivity. These adipose tissue transcriptional dysregulations may contribute to the metabolic disorders observed in prenatal BPA-treated female sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Bisphenol A enhances adipogenic signaling pathways in human mesenchymal stem cells. Genes Environ 2020; 42:13. [PMID: 32175033 PMCID: PMC7065324 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A (BPA), has been involved in dysregulating adipose tissue development and increasing the risk of obesity. The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with BPA could modulate adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Methods In this experimental study, the human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) were cultured for 2 weeks with continuous exposure to 10− 10 M or 10− 8 M concentrations of BPA. The extent of triglyceride accumulation was visualized by Oil Red O staining. To evaluate BPA effect on the expression levels of key adipogenic trascripotion factors and proteins, we used Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. Results The results presented a dose-dependent triglyceride accumulation in treated cells with BPA. Additionally, we observed that BPA induced transcription of the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-beta (C/EBPβ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL); BPA suppressed the expression of Fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and Estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ). Conclusions Our findings supported the hypothesis that BPA enhances adipogenic differentiation thereby may play a role in development of obesity and dysregulation of metabolic homoeostasis.
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González-Casanova JE, Pertuz-Cruz SL, Caicedo-Ortega NH, Rojas-Gomez DM. Adipogenesis Regulation and Endocrine Disruptors: Emerging Insights in Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7453786. [PMID: 32149131 PMCID: PMC7049431 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, "nonpersistent" phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Liliana Pertuz-Cruz
- Programa de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Role of Obesogens in the Pathogenesis of Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090515. [PMID: 31438630 PMCID: PMC6780315 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a 20th century pandemic, and its prevalence correlates with the increasing global pollution and the presence of chemical compounds in the environment. Excessive adiposity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but it is not merely an effect of overeating and lack of physical activity. Recently, several compounds that alter the mechanisms responsible for energy homeostasis have been identified and called "obesogens". This work presents the role of obesogens in the pathogenesis of obesity. We reviewed data from in vitro animal and human studies concerning the role of obesogens in the disturbance of energy homeostasis. We identified (i) the main groups and classes of obesogens, (ii) the molecular mechanisms of their action, (iii) their deleterious effect on adipose tissue function and control of appetite, and (iv) possible directions in limiting their influence on human metabolism. Obesogens have a multifactorial detrimental influence on energy homeostasis. Focusing on limiting exposure to obesogens and improving early life nutrition seems to be the most reasonable direction of action to prevent obesity in future generations.
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Gayrard V, Lacroix MZ, Grandin FC, Collet SH, Mila H, Viguié C, Gély CA, Rabozzi B, Bouchard M, Léandri R, Toutain PL, Picard-Hagen N. Oral Systemic Bioavailability of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S in Pigs. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:77005. [PMID: 31313948 PMCID: PMC6792350 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given its hormonal activity, bisphenol S (BPS) as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) could actually increase the risk of endocrine disruption if its toxicokinetic (TK) properties, namely its oral availability and systemic persistency, were higher than those of BPA. OBJECTIVES The TK behavior of BPA and BPS was investigated by administering the two compounds by intravenous and oral routes in piglet, a known valid model for investigating oral TK. METHODS Experiments were conducted in piglets to evaluate the kinetics of BPA, BPS, and their glucuronoconjugated metabolites in plasma and urine after intravenous administration of BPA, BPS, and BPS glucuronide (BPSG) and gavage administration of BPA and BPS. A population semiphysiologically based TK model describing the disposition of BPA and BPS and their glucuronides was built from these data to estimate the key TK parameters that drive the internal exposure to active compounds. RESULTS The data indicated that almost all the BPS oral dose was absorbed and transported into the liver where only 41% of BPS was glucuronidated, leading to a systemic bioavailability of 57.4%. In contrast, only 77% of the oral dose of BPA was absorbed and underwent an extensive first-pass glucuronidation either in the gut (44%) or in the liver (53%), thus accounting for the low systemic bioavailability of BPA (0.50%). Due to the higher systemic availability of BPS, in comparison with BPA, and its lower plasma clearance (3.5 times lower), the oral BPS systemic exposure was on average about 250 times higher than for BPA for an equal oral molar dose of the two compounds. CONCLUSION Given the similar digestive tracts of pigs and humans, our results suggest that replacing BPA with BPS will likely lead to increased internal exposure to an endocrine-active compound that would be of concern for human health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Gayrard
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistance (INTHERES), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Flore C Grandin
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine H Collet
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Hanna Mila
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Clémence A Gély
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Rabozzi
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Roger Léandri
- EA 3694 Human Fertility Research Group, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- Therapeutic Innovations and Resistance (INTHERES), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Picard-Hagen
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), INP (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse)-ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), EIP (Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan), UPS (Université Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
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Hoepner LA. Bisphenol a: A narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:54-68. [PMID: 30897403 PMCID: PMC10637253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is significant evidence of globally ubiquitous prenatal exposures to bisphenol A (BPA). Childhood obesity as an epidemic has been a global concern for over a decade. Experimental models and epidemiological evidence suggest that BPA may act as an obesogen during adipogenesis. Results from stem cell models and birth cohort studies support the developmental origins of health and disease theory. While literature reviews have presented a variety of potential mechanisms of BPA action during adipogenesis, there remains no consensus. This review is the first to explore the proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mechanism in detail. This review will also examine the obesogenic effect of prenatal exposure to BPA during critical windows of vulnerability. Although vast experimental literature exists, there is limited epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis for the obesogenic effect of BPA. The primary goal of this review is to provide researchers with a roadmap of existing research and suggestions for future directions for analyzing the relationship between prenatal BPA exposures and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Mustieles V, Casas M, Ferrando-Marco P, Ocón-Hernández O, Reina-Pérez I, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Vela-Soria F, Pérez-Lobato R, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Freire C, Olea N, Fernández MF. Bisphenol A and adiposity measures in peripubertal boys from the INMA-Granada cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:443-451. [PMID: 30974370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of our times. Although an important body of experimental evidence highlights the obesogenic potential of endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), the epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive and limited. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between urinary BPA concentrations and several adiposity measures in peripubertal boys from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) cohort in Granada, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS BPA concentrations were determined in spot urine samples from 298 boys aged 9-11, and their weight, height, waist circumference, and percentage body fat mass were measured. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI z-score ≥85th percentile and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS In adjusted models, each natural log-unit increase in urinary BPA concentrations was associated with higher BMI z-score (β = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.03, 0.41) and increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.46; 95%CI = 1.05, 2.05). Children with higher BPA concentrations had higher WHtR values (β = 0.007; 95%CI = -0.001, 0.015), and BPA was associated with a greater risk of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.45; 95%CI = 1.03, 2.06). No associations were found with % body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS BPA may exert an obesogenic effect in peripubertal boys, potentially increasing the risk of overweight/obesity, especially abdominal obesity. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the modest sample size and the possibilities of reverse causality and residual confounding by diet and lifestyle patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Iris Reina-Pérez
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain; Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Freire
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain.
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Braun JM, Li N, Arbuckle TE, Dodds L, Massarelli I, Fraser WD, Lanphear BP, Muckle G. Association between gestational urinary bisphenol a concentrations and adiposity in young children: The MIREC study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:454-461. [PMID: 30831435 PMCID: PMC6511302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical and because of its use in many consumer products, exposure is ubiquitous. Gestational BPA exposure has been associated with excess adiposity in rodent studies, but not consistently in human studies. We investigated the relation between gestational BPA exposure and early childhood adiposity in a prospective cohort study of 719 mother-child pairs. METHODS We used data from the MIREC Study, a prospective Pan-Canadian pregnancy and birth cohort study. We measured BPA in urine samples collected at an average of 12.1 weeks (range: 6.3-15 weeks) gestation and measured children's weight, height, waist/hip circumference, and subscapular/triceps skinfold thickness at an average age of 3.5 years (range: 1.9-6.2). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations of log2-transformed BPA concentrations with child adiposity measures and examined whether these associations differed in boys and girls. RESULTS Median BPA concentrations were 0.8 ng/mL (IQR: 0.5-1.4). Among both boys and girls, each 2-fold increase in BPA concentrations was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005). The association of BPA with waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness was modified by sex (sex x BPA interaction p-values<0.2). In girls, each 2-fold increase in BPA concentrations was associated with a 0.2 cm (95% CI: 0.0, 0.5) and 0.15 mm (95% CI: 0.01, 0.30) increase in waist circumference and subscapular skinfolds, respectively. Associations were generally null or slightly inverse in boys. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, gestational urinary BPA concentrations were associated with subtle increases in girl's central adiposity during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Linda Dodds
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - William D Fraser
- Centre for Research of CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Quebec CHU Laval University Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec CHU-Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
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Desai M, Ferrini MG, Jellyman JK, Han G, Ross MG. In vivo and in vitro bisphenol A exposure effects on adiposity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:678-687. [PMID: 30156179 PMCID: PMC6363869 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to the ubiquitous plasticizer, bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with offspring obesity. As adipogenesis is a critical factor contributing to obesity, we determined the effects of in vivo maternal BPA and in vitro BPA exposure on newborn adipose tissue at the stem-cell level. For in vivo studies, female rats received BPA before and during pregnancy and lactation via drinking water, and offspring were studied for measures of adiposity signals. For in vitro BPA exposure, primary pre-adipocyte cell cultures from healthy newborns were utilized. We studied pre-adipocyte proliferative and differentiation effects of BPA and explored putative signal factors which partly explain adipose responses and underlying epigenetic mechanisms mediated by BPA. Maternal BPA-induced offspring adiposity, hypertrophic adipocytes and increased adipose tissue protein expression of pro-adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Consistent with in vivo data, in vitro BPA exposure induced a dose-dependent increase in pre-adipocyte proliferation and increased adipocyte lipid content. In vivo and in vitro BPA exposure promotes the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes, contributing to an enhanced capacity for lipid storage. These findings reinforce the marked effects of BPA on adipogenesis and highlight the susceptibility of stem-cell populations during early life with long-term consequence on metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Monica G. Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Juanita K. Jellyman
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles R. Drew University, Los Angeles, CA
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49
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Veiga-Lopez A, Pu Y, Gingrich J, Padmanabhan V. Obesogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Identifying Knowledge Gaps. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:607-625. [PMID: 30017741 PMCID: PMC6098722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that are part of everyday consumer products and industrial manufacturing processes. EDCs can interfere with the endocrine system, including the adipose tissue. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies demonstrates that EDCs can alter body weight, adipose tissue expansion, circulating lipid profile, and adipogenesis, with some resulting in transgenerational effects. These outcomes appear to be mediated through multiple mechanisms, from nuclear receptor binding to epigenetic modifications. A better understanding of the signaling pathways via which these EDCs contribute to an obesogenic phenotype, the interaction amongst complex mixtures of obesogenic EDCs, and the risks they pose relative to the obesity epidemic are still needed for risk assessment and development of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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50
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Exposure of adipocytes to bisphenol-A in vitro interferes with insulin action without enhancing adipogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201122. [PMID: 30133442 PMCID: PMC6104924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a lipophilic compound widely used in the manufacture of plastic items and thought to play a role in the growing obesity epidemic. Recent publications suggest that BPA may have a pro-adipogenic effect. Here we explore the effect of low, but environmentally relevant, concentrations of BPA on adipogenesis using a variety of cellular models. Mouse 3T3-L1, C3H10T1/2 and human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) were cultured with BPA concentrations ranging from 0.1nM to 100μM. We failed to observe positive effects on differentiation at any dose or in any model. 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated with high concentrations of BPA showed decreased mRNA expression of several adipocyte markers. Mature adipocytes differentiated in the presence of BPA were insulin resistant, with an approximate 25% reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, and an increase in mRNA levels of inflammatory markers (i.e. IL-6, TNFα). In conclusion, low, but environmentally relevant, doses of BPA may contribute to the development of a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state in exposed adipocytes, which in turn may affect adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, independent of adipogenesis. These studies suggest an alternative mechanism by which BPA may contribute to the development of obesity.
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