1
|
Essien-Aleksi IE, Zhang Y, Koren A, Palacios N, Falcon LM, Tucker KL. Sociocultural factors associated with persistent prescription opioid use (PPOU) among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290104. [PMID: 37607191 PMCID: PMC10443880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of opioid-overdose deaths have been witnessed among Hispanics and other underserved populations in Massachusetts. Puerto Rican adults (PRs) have a disproportionately higher prevalence of chronic diseases than non-Hispanic White adults-conditions linked to increased prescription opioid use and misuse. Stress indicators, including low acculturation, low social support, and perceived discrimination, have been recognized as correlates of chronic diseases. However, little research has been undertaken on how these socio-cultural factors relate to persistent prescription opioid use among PRs. This study evaluated the prevalence of prescription opioid use and socio-cultural factors associated with persistent prescription opioid use among PRs. METHODS Data from the prospective population-based Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, at baseline, ~2-year, and ~ 6-year follow-up, were used to estimate prescription opioid use prevalence and its associations with acculturation, social support, and perceived discrimination. Analyses were conducted using multivariable binary logistic regression modeling. RESULTS The study sample was comprised of 798 PRs (age 56.5 ± 7.5y) with data at all three-time points. A high prevalence of prescription opioid use was observed and was associated with lower household income. PRs with experiences of perceived discrimination had higher odds of persistent prescription opioid use (y/n; OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.46-5.58). No significant associations were found between acculturation, social support, and persistent prescription opioid use. CONCLUSION Our study reported a high prevalence of prescription opioid use in PRs, with persistent prescription opioid use significantly associated with perceived discrimination. Future programs to limit discrimination practices may reduce persistent prescription opioid use and opioid-related complications among PRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inyene E. Essien-Aleksi
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ainat Koren
- Solomont School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalia Palacios
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Falcon
- College of Fine Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ismail L, Materwala H, Al Kaabi J. Association of risk factors with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1759-1785. [PMID: 33897980 PMCID: PMC8050730 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of severe health complications and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. To date, diabetes has no cure, and therefore, it is necessary to take precautionary measures to avoid its occurrence. The main aim of this systematic review is to identify the majority of the risk factors for the incidence/prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on one hand, and to give a critical analysis of the cohort/cross-sectional studies which examine the impact of the association of risk factors on diabetes. Consequently, we provide insights on risk factors whose interactions are major players in developing diabetes. We conclude with recommendations to allied health professionals, individuals and government institutions to support better diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ismail
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huned Materwala
- Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Mediclinic, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schwarzfuchs D, Rabaev E, Sagy I, Zimhony-Nissim N, Lipnitzki I, Musa H, Jotkowitz A, Brandstaetter E, Barski L. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:1256-1261. [PMID: 32134118 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Much of the research previously done on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was based on a young population with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). But substantial numbers of DKA episodes occur in patients with a prior history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). There is a lack of Data are lacking about DKA in older adults. The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of older adult patients with DKA. DESIGN Retrospective matched cohort study of adult patients hospitalized with DKA between 2004 and 2017. SETTING Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel. PARTICIPANTS The clinical characteristics of DKA patients 65 years and older were compared with patients younger than 65 years. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS The study cohort included 385 consecutive patients for whom the admission diagnosis was DKA: 307 patients (79.7%) younger than 65 years (group 1), and 78 patients (20.3%) older than 65 years (group 2). Patients in group 2 compared with group 1 had a significantly higher Charlson index (6 [6-6] vs 6 [6-7]; P < .0001) and DM with target organ damage (24.4% vs 6.2%; P < .0001). Patients in group 2 compared with group 1 had more serious disease according to results of laboratory investigations. The total in-hospital mortality rate of patients in group 2 was 16.7% compared with 1.6% in patients in group 1 in a sex and co-morbidities matched analysis (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS DKA in older adults is a common problem. The serious co-morbidities and precipitating factors such as infection/sepsis, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accidents, may explain the severity of the problem of DKA in older adults and the high rate of mortality of these patients. DKA appears to be a lifethreatening condition in older adults. The alertness of physicians to DKA in older adults, timely diagnosis, proper treatment, and prevention are cornerstones of care. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1256-1261, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Schwarzfuchs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Elena Rabaev
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Beit Yona Home for Senior Citizens, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Iftach Sagy
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Zimhony-Nissim
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Inna Lipnitzki
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadeel Musa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alan Jotkowitz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Evgenia Brandstaetter
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Leonid Barski
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palacios N, Scott T, Sahasrabudhe N, Gao X, Tucker KL. Lower Plasma Vitamin B-6 is Associated with 2-Year Cognitive Decline in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:635-641. [PMID: 30949683 PMCID: PMC6461717 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its important role in cognitive development and regulation of nervous system function, vitamin B-6 has been under-studied in relation to cognitive aging. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP, vitamin B-6) concentrations were associated with cognitive function and subsequent cognitive decline. METHODS In a longitudinal study of 949 participants (aged 45-75 y at baseline; 70% women) from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study cohort, we examined the association between baseline plasma PLP and baseline cognitive function and 2-y cognitive decline. Cognitive function was assessed with an in-person 7-test cognitive battery, at baseline and 2-y follow-up. We also used logistic regression to estimate the odds of major 2-y decline in global cognitive function (defined as decline ≥1 SD below the mean), as well as decline in executive function and memory. We also used multivariable linear regression to calculate adjusted mean differences in cognitive scores, and 95% CIs, across tertiles of plasma PLP at baseline, as well as cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with individual test scores. RESULTS In analyses adjusted for potential confounders, the OR of having a major 2-y decline in global cognitive function was 2.46 (95% CI: 1.49, 4.05; P-trend: 0.001) among participants in the lowest tertile of PLP compared with those in the top tertile of PLP. The association of PLP with cognition was stronger in participants older than 55 y at baseline (OR for bottom to top tertile: 4.58; 95% CI: 2.02, 10.35; P-interaction: 0.01) compared with those 55 y old or younger, as well as in ever smokers (OR for bottom to top tertile: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.45, 6.19; P-interaction: 0.02) compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS Lower baseline plasma PLP was associated with increased odds of 2-y cognitive decline in a cohort of Boston area Puerto Ricans. The association was stronger among older participants and among ever smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Palacios
- Departments of Public Health, and Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Tammy Scott
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Neha Sahasrabudhe
- Departments of Public Health, and Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palacios N, Scott T, Sahasrabudhe N, Gao X, Tucker KL. Serum vitamin D and cognition in a cohort of Boston-area Puerto Ricans. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:688-695. [PMID: 30843772 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1545291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D has been suggested as a protective factor for cognitive health, however results of prior studies have been mixed. To examine whether serum 25(OH)D concentration is related to cognition and cognitive decline in a study of Boston Area Puerto Ricans. Methods: We examined the association between serum 25(OH)D, cognitive function and cognitive decline in a longitudinal study of 967 Boston Area Puerto Rican adults. Results: In analyses adjusted for potential confounders, participants in the bottom quintile of 25(OH)D had similar cognitive function at baseline, as measured by a global cognitive score (mean difference: 0.09 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.19); p-trend: 0.18), and similar 2-year rates of cognitive decline (mean difference: -0.01 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.07), p-trend: 0.61) as those in the top 25(OH)D quintile. No significant associations were observed between baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration and 2-year change in individual cognitive test scores or change in executive function or memory domains. Conclusions: We observed no significant association between serum 25(OH)D and cognition in this cohort of Boston Area Puerto Ricans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Palacios
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Southwick Hall, 326C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Tammy Scott
- Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Neha Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Southwick Hall, 326C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guilbert L, Ortiz CJ, Espinosa O, Sepúlveda EM, Piña T, Joo P, Zerrweck C. Metabolic syndrome 2 years after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Int J Surg 2018; 52:264-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Masterson Creber RM, Fleck E, Liu J, Rothenberg G, Ryan B, Bakken S. Identifying the Complexity of Multiple Risk Factors for Obesity Among Urban Latinas. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:275-284. [PMID: 27225251 PMCID: PMC5209298 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly among Hispanics/Latinas. We evaluated the prevalence of being obese or overweight and associated risk factors among 630 low-income, Latina women from ambulatory care clinics in Upper Manhattan. Overall, 37 % of the sample was overweight and 41 % of the sample was obese, and yet, almost half of women who are overweight considered their weight "just about right." After adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioral, and biological risk factors, being obese was strongly associated with having hypertension [relative risk ratio (RRR) 3.93, 1.75-8.82], pre-hypertension (RRR 2.59, 1.43-4.67), diabetes (RRR 2.50, 1.21-5.14) and moderate/moderately severe/severe depression (RRR 2.09, 1.03-4.26). Women who reported that finding time was a barrier to physical activity were also more likely to be obese (RRR 1.78, 1.04-3.02). Chronic financial stress was associated with lower risk of being overweight (RRR 0.47, 0.28-0.79) or obese (RRR 0.51, 0.31-0.86), as well as eating out at restaurants (RRR 0.75, 0.62-0.89). Opportunities for intervention relate to understanding cultural factors around perceptions of weight and helping women find the time for physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Fleck
- Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Ryan
- The Value Institute at New York Presbyterian Hospital, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, 617 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tokushige A, Ueda S, Tomiyama H, Ohishi M, Kohro T, Higashi Y, Takase B, Suzuki T, Ishizu T, Yamazaki T, Furumoto T, Kario K, Inoue T, Koba S, Takemoto Y, Hano T, Sata M, Ishibashi Y, Node K, Maemura K, Ohya Y, Furukawa T, Ito H, Yamashina A. Association Between Waist-to-Height Ratio and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Morbidity - A Report From the FMD-J Study. Circ J 2017; 81:1911-1918. [PMID: 28690284 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) are known as easy anthropometric markers of abnormal obesity and screening tools for predicting cardiovascular outcomes, but which indices are best is unclear. We therefore investigated the superiority and association between each index and low flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with morbidity in a large Japanese prospective cohort.Methods and Results:A total of 1,645 Japanese patients who had coronary artery disease and hypertension or diabetes mellitus were enrolled, and 1,087 of them were analyzed. The high-WHtR group (≥0.5) showed greater morbidity and increased inflammation in association with atherosclerosis compared with the low-WHtR group. High WHtR and advanced age were identified as predictors of low FMD (odds ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.88, P=0.037 and OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.19-2.01, P=0.001, respectively). However, WC was not associated with that risk in either sex (male: OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.97-1.93, P=0.076; female: OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.68-1.73, P=0.74), and no association was evident between high BMI and low FMD (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.71-1.19, P=0.54). CONCLUSIONS WHtR offers a superior predictor of decreased FMD than other anthropometric indices, and progression of arteriosclerosis might be detected more sensitively. Further study is needed to investigate the relationship between cardiovascular mortality and WHtR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus
| | | | - Mituru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science
| | - Bonpei Takase
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Systems, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomoo Furumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiko Takemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuzo Hano
- Department of Medical Education and Population-based Medicine, Postgraduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yutaka Ishibashi
- Department of General Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Saga University
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Taiji Furukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Attia HR, Kamel SA, Ibrahim MH, Farouk HA, Rahman AH, Sayed GH, Musa NI. Open-array analysis of genetic variants in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
10
|
Gender Disparities in the Food Insecurity-Overweight and Food Insecurity-Obesity Paradox among Low-Income Older Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017; 117:1087-1096. [PMID: 28268079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and obesity-related comorbidities are increasing among older adults. Food insecurity is a nutrition-related factor that coexists with obesity among low-income individuals. The majority of the research on the food insecurity-obesity paradox has been conducted on low-income mothers and children, with research lacking on large diverse samples of older adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess gender disparities in the association between food insecurity and overweight and obesity among low-income older adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey data were used. Food insecurity status was determined by ≥3 affirmative responses on the 10-item US Department of Agriculture Food Security Scale (FSS). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention based on self-reported height and weight. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS Adults included were low-income (≤1.99 federal poverty level [FPL]), older (aged ≥60 years), with a normal BMI (18.5) or greater who had complete data on FSS, BMI, and the following covariates: age, race or ethnicity, marital status, income, nativity status, physical activity, poor health status, health insurance coverage, problems paying medical bills or for medicine, and region of residency (N=5,506). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by gender to estimate the association between food insecurity and higher weight status. All models included covariates. RESULTS In covariate-adjusted models, compared with low-income, food secure men, low-income, food-insecure men had 42% and 41% lower odds of being overweight and overweight or obese, respectively. Despite the high prevalence rate of obesity among low-income, food-insecure women, food insecurity was not significantly related to overweight, obesity, or overweight or obesity for older adult women in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity-overweight and -obesity paradox appears not to be present in older men. However, food insecurity and obesity coexist among low-income, older women.
Collapse
|
11
|
Siddiquee T, Bhowmik B, Karmaker RK, Chowdhury A, Mahtab H, Azad Khan AK, Hussain A. Association of general and central obesity with diabetes and prediabetes in rural Bangladeshi population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:247-251. [PMID: 25795165 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent data shown that both general and central obesity indices are significantly associated with diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and impaired fasting glucose [IFG]). Data regarding association of obesity with T2DM and prediabetes in rural Bangladeshi population is scarce. This study aims to observe the association of general and central obesity with diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes in rural Bangladeshi population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2293 rural Bangladeshi adults aged ≥20 years were randomly selected in a population-based, cross-sectional survey which was conducted in 2009. The association of general (defined by body mass index [BMI]) and central obesity (defined by waist circumference [WC] and waist hip ratio [WHR]) with T2DM and prediabetes was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS Subjects with T2DM, IGT and IFG had a higher rate of general and central obesity than normal subjects. WHR was more closely associated with T2DM than WC and BMI. However, all three obesity indices were significantly associated with IGT and IFG. CONCLUSIONS In rural Bangladeshi population, both general and central obesity showed good association with T2DM and prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tasnima Siddiquee
- Department of International Health, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bishwajit Bhowmik
- Department of International Health, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rajat Kanti Karmaker
- Mother and Child Health Project, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1200, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Mother and Child Health Project, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1200, Bangladesh
| | - Hajera Mahtab
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka 1200, Bangladesh
| | - A K Azad Khan
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka 1200, Bangladesh
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of International Health, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller S, Rafanan L, Keihany S, Reyes-Ortiz CA. The relationship between body mass index and cancer screening utilization among older women in Latin American and Caribbean cities. J Women Aging 2015; 27:3-16. [PMID: 25551260 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.905403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between body mass index and cancer screening utilization, we analyzed data from six cities of the Health, Well-Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Study on 5,230 women aged 60 and older, from 1999 to 2000. We found that underweight women were less likely to have had a mammogram, a breast self-exam, and a Pap smear, relative to normal-weight women. However, overweight or obese women were more likely to have a breast self-exam and a Pap smear. Thus, being underweight had a role for decreased cancer screening utilization among older women in Latin American cities, but not being overweight or obese, which was associated with decreased cancer screening in most previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Miller
- a Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine , Fort Worth , TX
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Rillamas-Sun E, LaCroix AZ, Waring ME, Kroenke CH, LaMonte MJ, Vitolins MZ, Seguin R, Bell CL, Gass M, Manini TM, Masaki KH, Wallace RB. Obesity and late-age survival without major disease or disability in older women. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:98-106. [PMID: 24217806 PMCID: PMC3963496 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The effect of obesity on late-age survival in women without disease or disability is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether higher baseline body mass index and waist circumference affect women's survival to 85 years of age without major chronic disease (coronary disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes mellitus, or hip fracture) and mobility disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Examination of 36,611 women from the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trial programs who could have reached 85 years or older if they survived to the last outcomes evaluation on September 17, 2012. Recruitment was from 40 US clinical centers from October 1993 through December 1998. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs for the association of baseline body mass index and waist circumference with the outcomes, adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mutually exclusive classifications: (1) survived without major chronic disease and without mobility disability (healthy); (2) survived with 1 or more major chronic disease at baseline but without new disease or disability (prevalent diseased); (3) survived and developed 1 or more major chronic disease but not disability during study follow-up (incident diseased); (4) survived and developed mobility disability with or without disease (disabled); and (5) did not survive (died). RESULTS Mean (SD) baseline age was 72.4 (3.0) years (range, 66-81 years). The distribution of women classified as healthy, prevalent diseased, incident diseased, disabled, and died was 19.0%, 14.7%, 23.2%, 18.3%, and 24.8%, respectively. Compared with healthy-weight women, underweight and obese women were more likely to die before 85 years of age. Overweight and obese women had higher risks of incident disease and mobility disability. Disability risks were striking. Relative to healthy-weight women, adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of mobility disability were 1.6 (1.5-1.8) for overweight women and 3.2 (2.9-3.6), 6.6 (5.4-8.1), and 6.7 (4.8-9.2) for class I, II, and III obesity, respectively. Waist circumference greater than 88 cm was also associated with higher risk of earlier death, incident disease, and mobility disability. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Overall and abdominal obesity were important and potentially modifiable factors associated with dying or developing mobility disability and major chronic disease before 85 years of age in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Rillamas-Sun
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington2Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington2Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Molly E Waring
- Division of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases and Vulnerable Populations, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Seguin
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington7Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Christina L Bell
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Margery Gass
- The North American Menopause Society, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang N, Li Y, Temkin-Greener H. Prevalence of Obesity in New York Nursing Homes: Associations With Facility Characteristics. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2013; 53:567-81. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
16
|
Qi L, Nassir R, Kosoy R, Garcia L, Curb JD, Tinker L, Howard BV, Robbins J, Seldin MF. Relationship between diabetes risk and admixture in postmenopausal African-American and Hispanic-American women. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1329-37. [PMID: 22322919 PMCID: PMC4430092 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African-Americans (AFAs) and Hispanic-Americans (HAs) than in European-Americans. We assessed whether continental admixture was correlated with diabetes risk in these high-risk groups. METHODS We estimated the proportion of sub-Saharan African (AFR), Amerindian (AMI) and European admixture using 92 ancestry-informative marker genotypes in 16,476 AFA and HA women from the Women's Health Initiative. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between admixture and diabetes risk, with and without accounting for socioeconomic status (SES) and adiposity measurements. RESULTS AFR admixture was significantly associated with diabetes risk in AFA women when adjusting for entry age, neighbourhood SES and BMI or waist/hip ratio (WHR) (all p < 0.0001). In HA women, AMI admixture had significant associations with diabetes risk that remained significant after adjustment for SES and BMI (all p < 0.0005). In both AFAs and HAs, SES showed significant negative associations while BMI or WHR had significant positive associations with diabetes risk, with and without adjustment for genetic admixture. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In AFAs, admixture, SES and BMI/WHR each independently contribute to diabetes risk after accounting for each of the other factors; in HAs, admixture, SES and BMI each independently contribute to diabetes risk after accounting for each of the other factors, whereas admixture is not significantly associated with diabetes risk after accounting for SES and WHR. The findings emphasise the importance of considering both genetic and environmental causes in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Van Rompay MI, Castaneda-Sceppa C, McKeown NM, Ordovás JM, Tucker KL. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among older Puerto Rican adults living in Massachusetts. J Immigr Minor Health 2011; 13:825-33. [PMID: 21298483 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There remains limited research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Puerto Rican adults. We compared lifestyle and CVD risk factors in Puerto Rican men and women with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or type 2 diabetes (T2D), and investigated achievement of American Diabetes Association (ADA) treatment goals in those with T2D. Baseline data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study were analyzed, which included 1,287 adults aged 45-75 years. Obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia were prevalent and increased from NFG to IFG and T2D. In individuals without T2D, fasting insulin correlated significantly with body mass index. Achievement of ADA goals was poor; LDL cholesterol was most achieved (59.4%), followed by blood pressure (27.2%) and glycosylated hemoglobin (27.0%). Poverty, female sex, current alcohol use, and diabetes or anti-hypertensive medication use were associated with not meeting goals. Puerto Rican adults living in the Boston area showed several metabolic abnormalities and high CVD risk, likely due to pervasive obesity and socio-economic disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Van Rompay
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rioux CL, Tucker KL, Brugge D, Gute DM, Mwamburi M. Traffic exposure in a population with high prevalence type 2 diabetes--do medications influence concentrations of C-reactive protein? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2051-60. [PMID: 21292365 PMCID: PMC3412137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and particulate air pollution are associated with inflammatory dysregulation. We assessed the modifying effects of diabetes medications on the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and traffic exposure in adults with T2D (n = 379). CRP concentrations were significantly positively associated with residence ≤100 m of a roadway, >100 m and ≤200 m of a roadway and increased traffic density for individuals using insulin. For individuals using oral hypoglycemic medications (OHAs), CRP was significantly negatively associated with residence >100 m - ≤200 m of a roadway and multiple roadway exposure in an interaction model. Among people with diabetes, individuals on insulin appear to be most vulnerable to the effects of traffic exposure. Disease severity among insulin users may promote the pro-inflammatory response to traffic exposure, though diabetes medications may also modify the response. Possible anti-inflammatory effects of OHAs with traffic exposure merit further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Rioux
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li CL, Chen SY, Lan C, Pan WH, Chou HC, Bai YB, Tzeng MS, Lee MS, Lai JS. The effects of physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on glucose intolerance in older people: A nationwide study from Taiwan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 52:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
20
|
Martinez LS, Ndulue U, Peréa FC. Nuestro Futuro saludable: connecting public health research and community development in partnership to build a healthy environment. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (COLUMBUS, OHIO) 2011; 42:255-267. [PMID: 25258619 PMCID: PMC4172336 DOI: 10.1080/15575330.2011.558206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Caribbean Latinos are the largest Latino group in Boston, primarily located in the Jamaica Plain (JP) neighborhood. There are various macro-level public health issues that result from the built environment in JP, factors which can create and sustain health disparities. Caribbean Latino youth are a priority group in JP, and it is important to address the causes of disparities early in life to promote good health. Presented here is an integrated research-and-action model to engage community stakeholders and researchers in designing an intervention to mitigate the negative health effects of the built environment and maximize community assets. The approach operates from a community empowerment model that allows public health practitioners, policy makers, researchers and residents to take an up-stream approach to improve health by focusing on the built environment, which is integral to community development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Martinez
- Community Health Program, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, 02155 USA
| | - Uchenna Ndulue
- Community Health Program, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, 02155 USA
| | - Flavia C. Peréa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, 02111 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kang JY, Cho SW, Sung SH, Park YK, Paek YM, Choi TI. Effect of a continuous diabetes lifestyle intervention program on male workers in Korea. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90:26-33. [PMID: 20621377 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to compare the effects of two years of lifestyle intervention to no intervention or one year of intervention on diabetes risk factors in male workers with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or diabetes. METHODS We conducted a randomized lifestyle intervention trial designed to alter personal lifestyles among 123 industrial male workers (CG; control group, n=75; OIG; one-year intervention group, n=23; TIG; two-year intervention group, n=25). The intervention consisted of two parts, the main program (face-to-face counseling five times/12 weeks) and a follow-up program (e-mail counseling ten times/30 weeks). Assessments included biochemical characteristics, anthropometry and nutrient intake at baseline and after two years. RESULTS After two years, systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, HDL cholesterol and total energy intake (p<0.05) were reduced in the OIG group, while weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c and nutrient intake (total energy, carbohydrate, protein and sodium) were significantly decreased (p<0.05, respectively) in the TIG group. When compared to the CG, subjects in OIG and TIG showed significant improvements in the level of FPG and HbA1c (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Continuous lifestyle intervention for two years is more effective at improving diabetes risk factors than OIG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kang
- Radiation Health Research Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lutsey PL, Pereira MA, Bertoni AG, Kandula NR, Jacobs DR. Interactions between race/ethnicity and anthropometry in risk of incident diabetes: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:197-204. [PMID: 20570825 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined how adiposity influences racial/ethnic differences in diabetes incidence by exploring whether relations between anthropometric measures and incident diabetes vary by race/ethnicity. Data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis initiated in 2000 (n = 5,446 US men and women aged 45-84 years) were analyzed by using proportional hazards and Poisson regression. The diabetes incidence rate was 2/100 person-years (n = 479 cases). Interactions were present between race and anthropometry (P-interaction((race x body mass index)) = 0.002). The slope of incident diabetes per anthropometric unit was greatest for Chinese, less for whites and Hispanics, and still less for blacks. For small waist, risk of incident diabetes was <1/100 person-years for all racial/ethnic groups. At intermediate waist levels, Chinese had the highest and whites the lowest rates of incident diabetes. At the respective 95th percentiles of waist circumference, risk of incident diabetes per 100 person-years was 3.9 for Chinese (104 cm), 3.5 for whites (121 cm), 5.0 for blacks (125 cm), and 5.3 for Hispanics (121 cm). Adiposity influenced relative diabetes occurrence across racial/ethnic groups, in that Chinese had a steeper diabetes risk per unit of adiposity. However, the generally low level of adiposity in Chinese led to a relatively low diabetes occurrence.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park SH, Kim JY, Lee JH, Park HY. Association between plasma adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1069-73. [PMID: 20599879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of plasma adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 563 postmenopausal women with and 1029 without low HDL-C. Lipid profile, glucose, adiponectin, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha concentrations were measured. RESULTS Plasma adiponectin levels increased with age in elderly women. Plasma adiponectin levels were lower in subjects with low HDL-C (<50mg/dl), when compared with normal HDL-C subjects. In multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, adiponectin was a significant independent predictor of HDL-C concentration with body mass index, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Values in the third and fourth quartile of adiponectin were associated with decreased odds ratio for low HDL-C (0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.87, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27-0.58, respectively) when compared with values in the lowest quartile after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin was significantly associated with HDL-C concentration in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest that high adiponectin levels may have a protective effect on atherosclerosis with increasing HDL-C in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Park
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mattei J, Demissie S, Falcon LM, Ordovas JM, Tucker K. Allostatic load is associated with chronic conditions in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:1988-1996. [PMID: 20381934 PMCID: PMC2907654 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Puerto Ricans living in the United States mainland present multiple disparities in prevalence of chronic diseases, relative to other racial and ethnic groups. Allostatic load (AL), or the cumulative wear and tear of physiological responses to stressors such as major life events, social and environmental burden, has been proposed as a possible mechanism for the inequalities observed in minority groups, but has not been studied in Puerto Ricans. The aim of this study was to determine the association of AL to six chronic diseases (abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD), arthritis and cancer) in Puerto Ricans, and to contrast AL to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n=1116, ages 45-75 years) underwent a home-based interview, where questionnaires were completed and biological samples collected. A summary definition of AL was constructed using clinically-defined cutoffs and medication use for 10 physiological parameters in different body systems. Logistic regression models were run to determine associations between AL score and disease status, controlling for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, total fat intake and energy intake. Parallel models were also run with MetS score replacing AL. We found that increasing categories of AL score were significantly associated with abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and self-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arthritis, but not with self-reported cancer. The strength of associations of AL with all conditions, except diabetes and cancer, was similar to or larger than those of MetS score. In conclusion, Puerto Rican older adults experienced physiological dysregulation that was associated with increased odds of chronic conditions. AL was more strongly associated with most conditions, compared to MetS, suggesting that this cumulative measure may be a better predictor of disease. These results have prospective research implications for Puerto Ricans and other ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Tucker
- Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rioux CL, Tucker KL, Mwamburi M, Gute DM, Cohen SA, Brugge D. Residential traffic exposure, pulse pressure, and C-reactive protein: consistency and contrast among exposure characterization methods. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:803-11. [PMID: 20123638 PMCID: PMC2898857 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic exposure may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via systemic inflammation and elevated blood pressure, two important clinical markers for managing disease progression. OBJECTIVES We assessed degree and consistency of association between traffic exposure indicators as predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulse pressure (PP) in an adult U.S. Puerto Rican population (n = 1,017). METHODS Cross-sectional information on health and demographics and blood data was collected. Using multiple linear regression, we tested for associations between CRP, PP, and six traffic exposure indicators including residential proximity to roads with > 20,000 vehicles/day and traffic density [vehicle miles traveled per square mile (VMT/mi2)]. Diabetes and obesity [body mass index (BMI) >or= 30 kg/m2] were tested as effect modifiers. RESULTS CRP was positively associated with traffic density in the total population [36% CRP difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5-81%] for residence within the highest versus lowest VMT/mi2 level. With BMI >or= 30, CRP showed significant positive associations with five of six traffic indices including residence <or= 200 m versus > 200 m of a roadway [22.7% CRP difference (95% CI, 3.15-46.1)] and traffic density in the third highest versus lowest VMT/mi2 level [28.1% difference (95% CI, 1.0-62.6)]. PP was positively associated with residence within <or= 100 m of a roadway for the total population [2.2 mmHg (95% CI, 0.13-4.3 mmHg)] and persons with BMI >or= 30 [3.8 mmHg (95% CI, 0.88-6.8)]. Effect estimates approximately doubled for residence within <or= 200 m of two or more roadways, particularly in persons with diabetes [8.1 mmHg (95% CI, 2.2-14.1)]. CONCLUSIONS Traffic exposure at roadway volumes as low as 20,000-40,000 vehicles/day may increase CVD risk through adverse effects on blood pressure and inflammation. Individuals with elevated inflammation profiles, that is, BMI >or= 30, may be more susceptible to the effects of traffic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Rioux
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02155 , USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tucker KL, Mattei J, Noel SE, Collado BM, Mendez J, Nelson J, Griffith J, Ordovas JM, Falcon LM. The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study on health disparities in Puerto Rican adults: challenges and opportunities. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:107. [PMID: 20193082 PMCID: PMC2848197 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study designed to examine the role of psychosocial stress on presence and development of allostatic load and health outcomes in Puerto Ricans, and potential modification by nutritional status, genetic variation, and social support. METHODS Self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45-75 years and residing in the Boston, MA metro area, were recruited through door-to-door enumeration and community approaches. Participants completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires and tests. Blood, urine and salivary samples were extracted for biomarker and genetic analysis. Measurements are repeated at a two-year follow-up. RESULTS A total of 1500 eligible participants completed baseline measurements, with nearly 80% two-year follow-up retention. The majority of the cohort is female (70%), and many have less than 8th grade education (48%), and fall below the poverty level (59%). Baseline prevalence of health conditions is high for this age range: considerable physical (26%) and cognitive (7%) impairment, obesity (57%), type 2 diabetes (40%), hypertension (69%), arthritis (50%) and depressive symptomatology (60%). CONCLUSIONS The enrollment of minority groups presents unique challenges. This report highlights approaches to working with difficult to reach populations, and describes some of the health issues and needs of Puerto Rican older adults. These results may inform future studies and interventions aiming to improve the health of this and similar communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tucker
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bridgette M Collado
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jackie Mendez
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Nelson
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jose M Ordovas
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen J, Lai CQ, Mattei J, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL. Association of vitamin B-6 status with inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory conditions: the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:337-42. [PMID: 19955400 PMCID: PMC2806890 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin B-6 status has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effects of vitamin B-6 independent of homocysteine suggest that additional mechanisms may be involved. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association of vitamin B-6 status with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. DESIGN We measured plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and an oxidative DNA damage marker, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in Puerto Rican adults who were living in Massachusetts (n = 1205, aged 45-75 y). RESULTS There was a strong dose-response relation of plasma PLP concentration with plasma CRP. Increasing quartiles of PLP were significantly associated with lower CRP concentrations (geometric means: 4.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.5 mg/L; P for trend < 0.0001) and with lower urinary 8-OHdG concentrations (geometric means: 124, 124, 117, and 108 ng/mg creatinine; P for trend: 0.025) after multivariate adjustment. These negative associations persisted after plasma homocysteine was controlled for. Plasma PLP concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma fasting glucose (r = -0.1, P = 0.0006), glycated hemoglobin (r = -0.08, P = 0.006), and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (r = 0.082, P = 0.005). Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes were also significantly associated with low plasma PLP concentrations (P = 0.011, 0.0007, and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin B-6 concentrations are associated with inflammation, higher oxidative stress, and metabolic conditions in older Puerto Rican adults. Our data suggest that vitamin B-6 may influence cardiovascular disease risk through mechanisms other than homocysteine and support the notion that nutritional status may influence the health disparities present in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mattei J, Demissie S, Tucker KL, Ordovas JM. Apolipoprotein A5 polymorphisms interact with total dietary fat intake in association with markers of metabolic syndrome in Puerto Rican older adults. J Nutr 2009; 139:2301-8. [PMID: 19828688 PMCID: PMC2777477 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
APOA5 -1131T > C and S19W single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been consistently associated with plasma lipid concentration and metabolic syndrome (MetS), alone and in modulation by dietary factors. Puerto Ricans have a high prevalence of metabolic conditions and high minor allele frequency for these SNP, suggesting a possible role in disease for this population. We aimed to determine the association of APOA5 -1131T > C and S19W with plasma lipids and markers of MetS, alone and in interaction with total fat intake, as a percent of total energy intake, in Puerto Ricans. Anthropometric and demographic data, FFQ, and blood samples were collected at baseline from participants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 802, 45-75 y). APOA5 S19W was associated with plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.044); minor allele carriers had lower HDL-C [1.12 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE)] than those with the common variant (1.18 +/- 0.01 mmol/L), even after adjustment for plasma triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.012). Neither polymorphism was associated with TG or other lipids. Interaction of the -1131T > C SNP with total fat energy intake was observed for plasma TG (P = 0.032) and total cholesterol (P = 0.034). APOA5 S19W interacted with total fat intake in association with systolic (P = 0.002) and diastolic (P = 0.007) blood pressure. Neither SNP was associated with MetS in the overall analysis or after stratifying by total energy intake as fat. In conclusion, Puerto Ricans present a distinctive lipid profile in association with APOA5 polymorphisms. Dietary fat intake seems to modulate these associations. The results contribute to the understanding of health disparities in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiemer Mattei
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mattei J, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Garcia-Bailo B, Adiconis X, Shen J, Arnett D, Demissie S, Tucker KL, Ordovas JM. Disparities in allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms between Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic whites. BMC Genet 2009; 10:45. [PMID: 19682384 PMCID: PMC2734553 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variations in gene allele frequencies can contribute to differences in the prevalence of some common complex diseases among populations. Natural selection modulates the balance in allele frequencies across populations. Population differentiation (FST) can evidence environmental selection pressures. Such genetic information is limited in Puerto Ricans, the second largest Hispanic ethnic group in the US, and a group with high prevalence of chronic disease. We determined allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 genes involved in major metabolic and disease-relevant pathways in Puerto Ricans (n = 969, ages 45–75 years) and compared them to similarly aged non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (n = 597). Results Minor allele frequency (MAF) distributions for 45.5% of the SNPs assessed in Puerto Ricans were significantly different from those of NHW. Puerto Ricans carried risk alleles in higher frequency and protective alleles in lower frequency than NHW. Patterns of population differentiation showed that Puerto Ricans had SNPs with exceptional FST values in intronic, non-synonymous and promoter regions. NHW had exceptional FST values in intronic and promoter region SNPs only. Conclusion These observations may serve to explain and broaden studies on the impact of gene polymorphisms on chronic diseases affecting Puerto Ricans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiemer Mattei
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Noel SE, Newby PK, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL. A traditional rice and beans pattern is associated with metabolic syndrome in Puerto Rican older adults. J Nutr 2009; 139:1360-7. [PMID: 19458029 PMCID: PMC2696989 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was approximately 50% for Puerto Rican elders living in Massachusetts. Diet is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome. Little information exists regarding the dietary intakes of Puerto Ricans. We aimed to characterize the dietary patterns of 1167 Puerto Ricans (45-75 y) using principal components analysis and to further examine associations with metabolic syndrome. Factor solutions were examined for robustness using a random split sample. Adjusted means for metabolic syndrome components were calculated for factor quintiles. Logistic regression models examined associations between factors, metabolic syndrome, and its components. Analyses were also performed excluding subjects with diabetes. "Meat and French fries," "traditional," and "sweets" patterns emerged as most meaningful. A meat and French fries pattern was associated with higher blood pressure (systolic P-trend = 0.03 and diastolic < 0.001) and waist circumference (P-trend = 0.04). The traditional pattern was associated with lower HDL concentrations (P-trend = 0.007) and a higher likelihood of metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR): 1.7, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.7]). The sweets pattern was associated with lower HDL concentrations (P-trend < 0.001) and higher waist circumference (P-trend < 0.05). After excluding individuals with diabetes, the sweets pattern was no longer associated with fasting serum glucose and was associated with metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.3). Dietary patterns were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. More research is needed to make appropriate nutritional recommendations for this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E. Noel
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - P. K. Newby
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Forrester JE, McGovern BH, Rhee MS, Sterling RK. The individual and combined influence of HIV and hepatitis C virus on dyslipidaemia in a high-risk Hispanic population. HIV Med 2009; 10:555-63. [PMID: 19496835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV infection on dyslipidaemia in a Hispanic population at high risk of insulin resistance. METHODS We compared serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) in 257 Hispanic adults including 47 HIV- mono-infected, 43 HCV-mono-infected and 59 HIV/HCV-co-infected individuals as well as 108 healthy controls. We also assessed the effect of HCV on lipid alterations associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the impact of HCV and HIV on the associations among insulin resistance, triglycerides and cholesterol. RESULTS HCV infection was associated with lower total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but not high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or triglycerides compared with healthy controls. HIV infection was associated with higher triglycerides and lower HDL, but not total or LDL cholesterol. HCV mitigated the elevation of triglycerides associated with ART. In healthy Hispanic adults, insulin resistance was significantly correlated with higher triglycerides, CRP and lower HDL. HIV infection nullified the association of insulin resistance with triglycerides and HDL, and the association of triglycerides with LDL. HCV infection nullified the association of insulin resistance with triglycerides, HDL and CRP. CONCLUSIONS HCV co-infection alters the profile of HIV-associated dyslipidaemia. The clinical significance of these findings for cardiovascular complications in HIV merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Forrester
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Park SH, Choi SJ, Lee KS, Park HY. Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Adults. Circ J 2009; 73:1643-50. [PMID: 19638708 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Park
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health
| | - Soon-Ja Choi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health
| | - Kwang-Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and risk of type 2 diabetes in American adults. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
34
|
Castaneda-Sceppa C, Bermudez OI, Wanke C, Forrester JE. Predictors of insulin resistance among Hispanic adults infected with or at risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. J Viral Hepat 2008; 15:878-87. [PMID: 19087226 PMCID: PMC2784594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2008.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Both the human immunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses have been associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, our understanding of the prevalence of IR, the underlying mechanisms and predisposing factors is limited, particularly among minority populations. We conducted a study of 333 Hispanic adults including: 76 HIV monoinfected, 62 HCV monoinfected, 97 HIV/HCV co-infected and 98 uninfected controls with a specific focus on HCV infection and liver injury as possible predictors of IR. IR was measured using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). The majority (55-69%) of participants in all groups had QUICKI values <0.350. Body mass index was associated with IR in all groups. Triglycerides were associated with IR in the uninfected control group only (-1.83, SE = 0.58, P = 0.0022). HCV was associated with IR in participants infected with HIV (-0.012, SE = 0.0046, P = 0.010). Liver injury, as measured by score to assess liver injury (FIB-4) score, was significantly associated with IR independently of HCV infection (-0.0035, SE = 0.0016, P = 0.027). In the HIV/HCV co-infected group, treatment with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase (RT) inhibitors plus non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (-0.021, SE = 0.080, P = 0.048), but not protease inhibitors (-0.000042, SE = 0.0082, P = 0.96) was associated with IR. HCV infection and antiretroviral agents, including nucleoside RT inhibitor plus non-nucleoside RT inhibitor treatment are contributors to IR in HIV infection. Liver injury, as measured by the FIB-4 score, is a predictor of IR independently of HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Odilia I. Bermudez
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Christine Wanke
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Janet E. Forrester
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ross R, Berentzen T, Bradshaw AJ, Janssen I, Kahn HS, Katzmarzyk PT, Kuk JL, Seidell JC, Snijder MB, Sørensen TIA, Després JP. Does the relationship between waist circumference, morbidity and mortality depend on measurement protocol for waist circumference? Obes Rev 2008; 9:312-25. [PMID: 17956544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal protocol for measurement of waist circumference (WC), and no scientific rationale is provided for any of the WC protocols recommended by leading health authorities. A panel of experts conducted a systematic review of 120 studies (236 samples) to determine whether measurement protocol influenced the relationship of WC with morbidity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes and with mortality from all causes and from CVD. Statistically significant associations with WC were reported for 65% (152) of the samples across all outcomes combined. Common WC protocols performed measurement at the minimal waist (33%), midpoint (26%) and umbilicus (27%). Non-significant associations were reported for 27% (64) of the samples. Most of these protocols measured WC at the midpoint (36%), umbilicus (28%) or minimal waist (25%). Significant associations were observed for 17 of the remaining 20 samples, but these were not significant when adjustment was made for covariates. For these samples, the most common WC protocols were the midpoint (35%) and umbilicus (30%). Similar patterns of association between the outcomes and all WC protocols were observed across sample size, sex, age, race and ethnicity. Our findings suggest that WC measurement protocol has no substantial influence on the association between WC, all-cause and CVD mortality, CVD and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hu D, Xie J, Fu P, Zhou J, Yu D, Whelton PK, He J, Gu D. Central rather than overall obesity is related to diabetes in the Chinese population: the InterASIA study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:2809-16. [PMID: 18070772 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare central and overall obesity measurements for identifying diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) level in the Chinese population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Data for 15,236 Chinese adults between the ages of 35 and 74 years, obtained by the InterASIA Study in 2000-2001, were used for the current analyses. We analyzed the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and BMI to determine the ability of these indices to identify DM and IFG in the study sample and bootstrapped samples. WC was used as a measure of central obesity and BMI as a measure of overall obesity. RESULTS The prevalence rates of central and overall obesity in the study population were 33.97% and 9.78%, respectively. The prevalence rates of IFG and DM were 7.34% and 5.51%, respectively. ROC analysis revealed significant differences between AUCs for WHR (0.666, 95% confidence interval, 0.647 to 0.685) and BMI (0.622, 95% confidence interval, 0.601 to 0.642) and for WC (0.661, 95% confidence interval, 0.643 to 0.682) and BMI for identifying DM (all p < 0.0001). The analysis also revealed significant differences between AUCs for WHR (0.638, 95% confidence interval, 0.619 to 0.655) and BMI (0.607, 95% confidence interval, 0.589 to 0.627) and for WC (0.637, 95% confidence interval, 0.615 to 0.654) and BMI for identifying IFG (all p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Central obesity is more related to DM and IFG than is overall obesity in the Chinese population, and both WC and WHR are equally able to identify DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy as to whether older adults with a BMI in the overweight range (25 to 29.9 kg/m2) are at increased health risk and whether they should be encouraged to lose weight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether older adults with a BMI in the overweight range are at increased morbidity and mortality risk. METHODS Participants consisted of 4968 older (>or=65 years) men and women from the Cardiovascular Health Study limited access dataset. Based on BMI (kg/m2), participants were grouped into normal-weight (20 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (>or=30 kg/m2) categories. Participants were followed for up to 9 years to determine if they developed 10 weight-related health outcomes that are pertinent to older adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazards ratios of morbidity and mortality after adjusting for age, sex, income, smoking, and physical activity. RESULTS Compared with the normal-weight group, the risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, sleep apnea, urinary incontinence, cancer, and osteoporosis were not different in the overweight group (p>0.05). The risks for arthritis and physical disability were modestly increased in the overweight group (p<0.05), whereas the risk for type 2 diabetes was increased by 78% in the overweight group (p<0.01). After adjusting for all relevant covariates, all-cause mortality risk was 11% lower in the overweight group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A BMI in the overweight range was associated with some modest disease risks but a slightly lower overall mortality rate. These findings suggest that a BMI cut-off point of 25 kg/m2 may be overly restrictive for the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hadaegh F, Zabetian A, Harati H, Azizi F. The prospective association of general and central obesity variables with incident type 2 diabetes in adults, Tehran lipid and glucose study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:449-54. [PMID: 17141913 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate which anthropometric index is the best predictor of diabetes in relation to age. METHODS In this longitudinal study 4479 non-diabetic men and women aged > or =20 years were followed for 3.6 years. Diabetes with its risk factors and obesity were defined according to the ADA and the WHO criteria, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing diabetes in model 1 including only the anthropometric measure and in model 2 adjusted for common diabetes risk factors and in model 3 adjusted for other anthropometric indices plus all the variables in model 2. RESULTS A total of 166 new cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed. In subjects aged <60 years general obesity and high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) predicted diabetes in all three models with OR of 2.4 and 2.6 in model 3, respectively, while high waist circumference (WC) lost it association with diabetes in the full model. In subjects aged > or =60 years, however, high WC was the only independent predictor of diabetes in model 3 with OR of 3.8 while high WHR and general obesity predicted diabetes in models 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION General obesity and high WHR in Iranian subjects aged <60 years and high WC in older ones are the important predictors of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Hadaegh
- Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The purpose of this report was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies examining the impact of an elevated body mass index (BMI) on mortality risk in elderly (> or =65 years) men and women. A variance-based method of meta-analysis was used to summarize the relationships from available studies. The summary relative risk of all-cause mortality from the 26 analyses that included a risk estimate for a BMI within the overweight range was 1.00 (95% confidence intervals, 0.97-1.03). The summary relative risk of all-cause mortality for the 28 analyses that included a risk estimate for a BMI within the obese range was 1.10 (1.06-1.13). These calculations indicate that a BMI in the overweight range is not associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in the elderly, while a BMI in the moderately obese range is only associated with a modest increase in mortality risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Janssen
- School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tucker KL. Stress and nutrition in relation to excess development of chronic disease in Puerto Rican adults living in the Northeastern USA. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2006; 52 Suppl:252-8. [PMID: 16366511 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.52.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although health disparities are well documented among minority populations, they have not been fully explained by socio-economic status. We have demonstrated that Puerto Rican elders in Massachusetts are significantly more likely to have physical disability, depression, cognitive impairment, diabetes and other chronic health conditions than do non-Hispanic white elders living in the same neighborhoods. This suggests that the disparity is not due only to physical or neighborhood location, and that other factors must be influencing these differences. In that study, we also showed that the Puerto Rican elders had diets that were limited in diversity and were relatively low in micronutrient content. In our ongoing cohort study within our Boston Puerto Rican Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, we are investigating the relationships between psychosocial stress, its effect on physiologic burden or "allostatic load" and, in turn, how this is associated with the functional outcomes previously identified as areas of health disparity: depression, cognitive impairment and functional limitation. We further propose that the association between life stress, physiologic response and chronic conditions is modified by nutritional status, with a focus on B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tucker
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang KC, Lee MS, Lee SD, Chang YH, Lin YC, Tu SH, Pan WH. Obesity in the elderly and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 13:170-8. [PMID: 15761177 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The obese elderly are at increased risk of mortality, morbidity, and functional disability. In this study, we examined the prevalence of obesity and relationship between various anthropometric indices (AI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in the elderly. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A stratified multistage clustered sampling scheme was used in the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan during 1999 to 2000. 2432 non-institutionalized subjects (age, 72.8+/-9.4 years; BMI, 23.6+/-6.4 kg/m2) were recruited. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare predictive validity of CVD risk factors among various AI, including BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was 29.0% in men and 36.8% in women by obesity criteria for Asians (BMI>or=25 kg/m2) and 13.3% in men and 21.0% in women by the Taiwanese definition (BMI>or=27 kg/m2). Odds ratios of acquiring various CVD risk factors increased significantly with increment of WC, WHR, and BMI. The areas under the curve predicting metabolic syndrome were all <0.8. The cut-off values of WC corresponding to the highest sensitivity and the highest specificity in predicting various CVD risk factors were 86.2-88.0 cm in men and 82.0-84.0 cm in women, respectively. DISCUSSION Obesity was prevalent in the Taiwanese elderly. WC was related to CVD risk factors to a greater extent than BMI and WHR. However, none of them alone was a good screening tool for CVD risk factors. Therefore, how to apply AI prudently to screen elderly for CVD risk factors needs further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, N141, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academy Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bermudez OI, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Talegawkar SA, Tucker KL. Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elders from Massachusetts have different patterns of carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations. J Nutr 2005; 135:1496-502. [PMID: 15930459 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.6.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been linked with protective roles against diseases associated with aging, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration. With data from a semiquantitative, validated FFQ, we examined carotenoid intake of 340 Puerto Ricans, 98 Dominicans, and 146 non-Hispanic whites (>60 y old) in Massachusetts. Compared with non-Hispanic white men, Hispanic men reported a higher intake of lycopene and lower intakes of alpha-carotene, lutein + zeaxanthin, beta-carotene (from diet only), and total beta-carotene (diet and supplements) (P < 0.001). Hispanic women reported higher intakes of beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene but lower intakes of lutein + zeaxanthin (P < 0.001) than non-Hispanic white women. The frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables was higher among Hispanic women, relative to non-Hispanic white women (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene and lycopene were higher in Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white men and women. For both ethnic groups, higher intakes of carotenoids were associated with higher plasma concentrations of the respective carotenoids, except for lycopene (Hispanics) and lutein + zeaxanthin (non-Hispanic whites). Food sources contributing most to total intakes differed among the groups. The major sources of alpha- and beta-carotene were carrots for non-Hispanic whites and winter squash for Hispanics. The major source of lycopene was cooked tomato products for Hispanics, and pasta dishes for non-Hispanic whites. Traditional foods such as beans and plantains were also important contributors of carotenoids for Hispanics. Because of the potential importance of carotenoids as protective factors against chronic diseases, more attention to food-related practices associated with carotenoid intake in differing population groups is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odilia I Bermudez
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Consedine NS, Magai C, Conway F, Neugut AI. Obesity and awareness of obesity as risk factors for breast cancer in six ethnic groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:1680-9. [PMID: 15536232 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document BMI and knowledge regarding obesity as a risk factor for breast cancer among subpopulations of African-, Caribbean-, and European-American women and to consider the variables predicting obesity in these diverse groups. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A stratified cluster-sampling plan was used to recruit 1364 older women from Brooklyn, NY, during 2000-2002. Two groups were born in the United States (African Americans and European Americans), whereas others were from the English-speaking Caribbean, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Eastern Europe. Participants provided demographics, height and weight measures, and estimates of the risk obesity posed for breast cancer. RESULTS Women from all groups were significantly overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)), although European Americans were lowest, followed by Dominicans and Haitians; African-American and English-speaking Caribbean women fell into the obese range, even when background variables were controlled. Knowledge of obesity as a breast cancer risk factor was also poor across groups, but Dominicans and Haitians had the lowest scores on knowledge. Importantly, knowledge was not associated with BMI in the overall sample, even when controlling for demographics and ethnicity, although logistic regressions comparing normal weight women with overweight and obese groupings suggested some knowledge of breast cancer risk in the overweight, but not the obese, group. DISCUSSION The findings remind health professionals of the need to consider more specific ethnic groupings than has hitherto been the case, as well as consider how ethnic and cultural variables may influence perceptions of obesity and its relation to cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Consedine
- Intercultural Institute on Human Development and Aging, 191 Willoughby Street, Suite 1A, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Okosun IS, Boltri JM, Anochie LK, Chandra KMD. Racial/ethnic differences in prehypertension in American adults: Population and relative attributable risks of abdominal obesity. J Hum Hypertens 2004; 18:849-55. [PMID: 15361887 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the risk and population attributable risk of prehypertension that is due to abdominal obesity in White, Black and Hispanic American adults. To determine how much of the relative difference in the risk of prehypertension between high-risk Blacks and Hispanics and the low-risk group Whites that is attributable to their differences in abdominal obesity. Data (n=4016) from the 1999 to 2000 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used in this study. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference >/=102 and >/=88 cm in men and women, respectively. Prehypertension was defined as not being on antihypertensive medication and having systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. Odds ratio from the logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of prehypertension that was due to abdominal obesity. To estimate prehypertension risk differences between low-risk Whites and high-risk Blacks and Hispanics that was due to abdominal obesity, we estimated relative attributable risk. Statistical adjustments were made for age, blood glucose, total cholesterol, current smoking and exercise. Abdominal obesity was associated with increased odds of prehypertension in Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. In men, abdominal obesity was associated with 44, 90 and 98% increased odds of prehypertension in Whites, Blacks and Hispanics, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 112, 198 and 104%. Proportions of risk of prehypertension explained by abdominal obesity were 15.2, 22 and 25.8% in White men, Black men and Hispanic men, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 38.8, 58.6 and 32.5%. Approximately, 7% of the differences in the risk of developing prehypertension between White and Black men and between White and Hispanic men may be attributable to differences in rates of abdominal obesity. The analogous values for women were approximately 39.7 and approximately 16.5%, respectively. In conclusion, despite having lower rates of abdominal obesity than their counterparts, Black men, Hispanic men and Hispanic women had high population attributable risks, indicating that factors other than abdominal obesity may have important explanatory power for racial differences in prehypertension in these groups. However, in Black women reduction in risk of prehypertension could be possible by instituting public health measures to reduce abdominal obesity to the levels seen in White women. Intervention programmes designed to reduce overall obesity may also lead to reduction of abdominal obesity, and consequently may curb prehypertension in these population groups. Life-style modification, including diet and exercise, may have public health significance in reducing the incidence of prehypertension in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Okosun
- Institute of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia State University, GA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin H, Bermudez OI, Tucker KL. Dietary patterns of Hispanic elders are associated with acculturation and obesity. J Nutr 2004; 133:3651-7. [PMID: 14608089 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of dietary patterns and obesity, particularly in Hispanics, is relatively poorly understood. This large U.S. population subgroup has a high prevalence of obesity and associated chronic conditions, and Hispanics are changing their dietary practices as they acculturate. Our objectives were 1) to identify dietary patterns among elderly Hispanics in Massachusetts, compared with those of non-Hispanic whites; 2) to associate dietary patterns with acculturation; and 3) to associate dietary patterns with total and central obesity. We used a representative sample of 449 Puerto Rican and 133 Dominican elders and a neighborhood-based sample of 243 non-Hispanic white elders, aged 60 to 92 y, from the cross-sectional Massachusetts Hispanic Elders Study. Obesity and central obesity were assessed with BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference measurement, respectively. Acculturation was assessed by evaluating language use. Usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for use with this population. Dietary patterns were defined by cluster analysis of food group variables. We identified five clusters of individuals by dietary pattern, with proportionately greater energy intake from 1) fruit and breakfast cereal, 2) starchy vegetables, 3) rice, 4) whole milk and 5) sweets, respectively. Hispanics were less likely to follow the fruit and cereal or sweets patterns, and more likely to follow the starchy vegetables or milk patterns, than were non-Hispanic whites. Only Hispanics followed the rice pattern. Among Hispanics, acculturation was positively associated with the fruit and cereal pattern, and negatively with the rice pattern. Total and central obesity were positively associated with the rice pattern. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal nature of these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Okosun IS, Chandra KMD, Boev A, Boltri JM, Choi ST, Parish DC, Dever GEA. Abdominal adiposity in U.S. adults: prevalence and trends, 1960-2000. Prev Med 2004; 39:197-206. [PMID: 15208003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a large body of epidemiologic evidence linking abdominal obesity to cardiovascular diseases. Abdominal adiposity is an important component of insulin resistance syndrome. OBJECTIVE To investigate prevalence and trends in abdominal obesity in U.S. adult population. DESIGN, SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with an in-person interview and measurement of waist circumference; 23,654 adults aged 20-79 years were examined using data from U.S. National Surveys of 1960-1962 [the first National Health Examination Survey (NHES I)], 1988-1994 [the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)] and 1999-2000 [National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000)]. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference > or = 102 cm (>40 in.) in men and > or = 88 cm (>35 in.) in women. RESULTS There was a gradient of increasing waist circumference over the three periods of 1960-1962, 1988-1994 and 1999-2000 in both men and women. In men, the mean waist circumferences were 89, 95 and 99 cm for 1960-1962, 1988-1994 and 1999-2000, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 77, 92 and 94 cm, respectively. A gradient of increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity from 1960 to 2000 was also observed in men and women. In men, the overall age-adjusted prevalences of abdominal obesity were 12.7%, 29% and 38.3% in 1960-1962, 1988-1994 and 1999-2000, respectively. In women, the analogous values were 19.4%, 38.8% and 59.9%, respectively. Similar trends of increasing waist circumference and abdominal obesity were observed in normal weight, underweight and obese subjects defined using body mass index (BMI). Trends of increasing abdominal obesity with increasing BMI over the three time periods were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity in the United States between 1960-1962 and 1999-2000 has ominous public health implications across entire population, particularly among normal weight subjects. There is an urgent need to describe a public health strategy for early identification of abdominal obesity. Primary prevention of obesity, including abdominal obesity, should be a major public health priority in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ike S Okosun
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) with fasting hyperglycemia after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals visiting four health-screening centers across Taiwan. SUBJECTS A total of 61 568 subjects (28 734 men and 32 834 women) between 25 and 64 years of age were included. Fasting hyperglycemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose > or =6.1 mmol/l or current diagnosis and use of insulin or hypoglycemic agent. RESULTS Fasting hyperglycemia was found in 11.0% of men and 8.3% of women. The factors significantly associated with fasting hyperglycemia in men were age, BMI, WHR, and heavy drinking, while for women these factors were age, educational level, BMI, WHR, and heavy smoking. For men, increased risk of fasting hyperglycemia started from age 30 to 34 years, BMI > or =25 kg/m2, and WHR > or =0.82. For women, increased risk of fasting hyperglycemia started from age 35 to 39 years, BMI > or =24 kg/m2, and WHR > or =0.74. WC lost its significance as a predictor of fasting hyperglycemia when WHR included in the model. CONCLUSION This study found that central obesity and general obesity were both independently associated with increased risk of fasting hyperglycemia in Taiwanese. The relationship between fasting hyperglycemia and central fat accumulation (WHR) begins to appear at levels that would not be regarded as representing obesity in Western populations, suggesting the need to redefine cutoffs for central obesity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-Y Chien
- Institute of Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Okosun IS, Choi ST, Boltri JM, Parish DC, Chandra KMD, Dever GEA, Lucas A. Trends of abdominal adiposity in white, black, and Mexican-American adults, 1988 to 2000. OBESITY RESEARCH 2003; 11:1010-7. [PMID: 12917507 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe changes in the distribution of waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (AO) in white, black, and Mexican-American adults from 1988 through 2000. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of adults 20 to 79 years of age were examined using data from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2000. AO was defined as WC > or =102 cm in men and > or 88 cm in women. RESULTS There was a gradient of increasing WC and AO with increasing age in both study periods in whites and blacks. In men, the average increase between the study periods in overall WC in whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans were 3, 3.3, and 3.4 cm, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 2.4, 5.3, and 3.7 cm, respectively. In men, the percentage change in prevalence of AO between 1988 and 2000 ranged from 5.5% in Mexican-American men to 8.2% in white men. In women, there was a 1.7% decrease in AO in Mexican Americans, whereas there was an increase of 6.3% for whites and 7% for blacks. DISCUSSION Despite increased understanding of the need for screening and treatment for obesity, this study indicates increasing prevalence of AO in white and black Americans. Without concerted effort to reduce the prevalence of overall obesity, the increasing prevalence of AO is likely to lead to increased prevalence of metabolic syndromes in the United States. Our results highlight the need to design evidence-based programs that show promise for long-term health behavior changes to facilitate the prevention of AO and related comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ike S Okosun
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|