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Guo CF, Wu LL, Peng ZZ, Lin HL, Feng JN. Study on psychological resilience and associated influencing factors in lung cancer patients with bone metastases. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:1326-1334. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating the psychological resilience of lung cancer (LC) patients helps understand their mental state and guides future treatment. However, there is limited research on the psychological resilience of LC patients with bone metastases.
AIM To explore the psychological resilience of LC patients with bone metastases and identify factors that may influence psychological resilience.
METHODS LC patients with bone metastases who met the inclusion criteria were screened from those admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The psychological scores of the enrolled patients were collected. They were then grouped based on the mean psychological score: Those with scores lower than the mean value were placed in the low-score group and those with scores equal to or greater than the mean value was placed in the high-score group. The baseline data (age, gender, education level, marital status, residence, monthly income, and religious beliefs), along with self-efficacy and medical coping mode scores, were compared.
RESULTS This study included 142 LC patients with bone metastases admitted to our hospital from June 2022 to December 2023, with an average psychological resilience score of 63.24 ± 9.96 points. After grouping, the low-score group consisted of 69 patients, including 42 males and 27 females, with an average age of 67.38 ± 9.55 years. The high-score group consisted of 73 patients, including 49 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 61.97 ± 5.00 years. χ2 analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in education level (χ2 = 6.604, P = 0.037), residence (χ2 = 12.950, P = 0.002), monthly income (χ2 = 9.375, P = 0.009), and medical coping modes (χ2 = 19.150, P = 0.000). Independent sample t-test showed that the high-score group had significantly higher self-efficacy scores (t = 3.383, P = 0.001) and lower age than the low-score group (t = 4.256, P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression hazard analysis confirmed that self-efficacy is an independent protective factor for psychological resilience [odds ratio (OR) = 0.926, P = 0.035, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.862-0.995], while age (OR = 1.099, P = 0.003, 95%CI: 1.034-1.169) and medical coping modes (avoidance vs confrontation: OR = 3.767, P = 0.012, 95%CI: 1.342-10.570; resignation vs confrontation: OR = 5.687, P = 0.001, 95%CI: 1.974-16.385) were identified as independent risk factors. A predictive model based on self-efficacy, age, and medical coping modes was developed. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve value of 0.778 (95%CI: 0.701-0.856, P < 0.001), indicating that the model has good predictive performance.
CONCLUSION LC patients with bone metastases are less psychologically resilient than the general population. Factors such as self-efficacy, age, and medical coping modes influence their psychological resilience. Patients with low self-efficacy, old age, and avoidance/resignation coping modes should be closely observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Zhong Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo 315336, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua-Long Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie-Ni Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang Province, China
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Haddadi A, Matinnia N, Yazdi‐Ravandi S. The relationship between corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in medical staff: The mediating role of resiliency and cognitive flexibility: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2282. [PMID: 39144407 PMCID: PMC11322221 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Medical staff have experienced anxiety, sleep disturbances, and suicide due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Thus, this study examined the relationship between corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation in medical staff and how resiliency and cognitive flexibility mediate it. Methods This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study examined medical staff. In 2022, participants were affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran educational and treatment centers. Sampling was done at primary COVID-19 treatment centers. Data was collected using validated instruments. Ethics were observed during data collecting. Results Path analysis was employed to test hypotheses. Analysis showed significant positive relationships between Corona disease anxiety and sleep disturbances (p = 0.001, β = 0.438) and suicidal ideation (p = 0.001, β = 0.310). Conversely, negative and significant associations were identified between resiliency and cognitive flexibility with sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation. Conclusions The study illustrates how medical staff's psychological health is linked to COVID-19. High Corona disease anxiety causes sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. Resilience and cognitive flexibility modulated Corona disease anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. The comprehensive study focuses on medical staff mental health issues, suggesting targeted solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Haddadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Nasrin Matinnia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hamedan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Saeid Yazdi‐Ravandi
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Wang X, Jie W, Huang X, Yang F, Qian Y, Yang T, Dai M. Association of psychological resilience with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in older adults: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1989. [PMID: 39054517 PMCID: PMC11270806 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological resilience has been associated with increased longevity in the oldest old; however, its significance in the broader older adult population has not been thoroughly explored. There is a lack of understanding regarding its relationship with cause-specific mortality in older adults. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating the association between psychological resilience and both overall mortality and cause-specific mortality in individuals aged 65 and older. METHODS We enrolled 4,935 participants aged 65 and older in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, with baseline assessments conducted in 2014 and follow-up surveys in 2018. To evaluate the associations between psychological resilience and mortality, we used Cox proportional hazards models. Additionally, we employed restricted cubic spline plots to illustrate the dose-response relationships between these variables. RESULTS During a mean (Standard Deviation) follow-up of 3.2 years (1.2), 1726 participants died. Higher psychological resilience was independently associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.82) and cause-specific mortality from cardiovascular disease (HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.93), respiratory diseases (HR 0.63, 95% CI:0.45-0.87), and other causes (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.78), excluding cancer-related mortality. Similar effects were evident when examining the psychological resilience score. The dose-response analysis further indicated a gradual decrease in mortality risk corresponding to higher psychological resilience scores. Interaction analyses revealed that psychological resilience has a more pronounced effect on mortality from other causes among economically independent older adults (P-interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Enhanced psychological resilience is independently associated with reduced all-cause and some cause-specific mortality in older adults. These findings underscore the importance of addressing psychological factors in the promotion of healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Wei Jie
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xionghong Huang
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Yueting Qian
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Jiujiang CityKey Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
- Chronic Disease Management Center, Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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Dauvermann MR, Moreno-Lopéz L, Vai B, González-García N, Orellana S, Jones PB, Bullmore E, Goodyer IM, van Harmelen AL. Early adolescent perceived friendship quality aids affective and neural responses to social inclusion and exclusion in young adults with and without adverse childhood experiences. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae044. [PMID: 38902943 PMCID: PMC11219303 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Friendships increase mental wellbeing and resilient functioning in young people with childhood adversity (CA). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are unknown. We examined the relationship between perceived friendship quality at age 14 after the experience of CA and reduced affective and neural responses to social exclusion at age 24. Resilient functioning was quantified as psychosocial functioning relative to the degree of CA severity in 310 participants at age 24. From this cohort, 62 young people with and without CA underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess brain responses to social inclusion and exclusion. We observed that good friendship quality was significantly associated with better resilient functioning. Both friendship quality and resilient functioning were related to increased affective responses to social inclusion. We also found that friendship quality, but not resilient functioning, was associated with increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex responses to peer exclusion. Our findings suggest that friendship quality in early adolescence may contribute to the evaluation of social inclusion by increasing affective sensitivity to positive social experiences and increased brain activity in regions involved in emotion regulation to negative social experiences. Future research is needed to clarify this relationship with resilient functioning in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Moreno-Lopéz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, 20127, Italy
| | - Nadia González-García
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Sofia Orellana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Research and Development, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, AK 2333, The Netherlands
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Schwandt ML, Cullins E, Ramchandani VA. The role of resilience in the relationship between stress and alcohol. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 31:100644. [PMID: 38827175 PMCID: PMC11140813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress plays a well-documented role in alcohol consumption and the risk for developing alcohol use disorder. The concept of resilience - coping with and successfully adapting to stressful life experiences - has received increasing attention in the field of addiction research in recent decades, and there has been an accumulation of evidence for resilience as a protective factor against problematic alcohol consumption, risk for alcohol use disorder, disorder severity, and relapse. The conceptual and methodological approaches used in the generation of this evidence vary considerably across investigations, however. In light of this, we carried out this review in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the meaning and scope of resilience, what factors contribute to resilience, how it is measured, and how it relates to alcohol-associated phenotypes. Implications for treatment through the use of resilience-building interventions are likewise discussed, as well as implications for future research on the role of resilience in the etiology and clinical outcomes of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva Cullins
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Løkhammer S, Koller D, Wendt FR, Choi KW, He J, Friligkou E, Overstreet C, Gelernter J, Hellard SL, Polimanti R. Distinguishing vulnerability and resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder evaluating traumatic experiences, genetic risk and electronic health records. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115950. [PMID: 38744179 PMCID: PMC11156529 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
What distinguishes vulnerability and resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear. Levering traumatic experiences reporting, genetic data, and electronic health records (EHR), we investigated and predicted the clinical comorbidities (co-phenome) of PTSD vulnerability and resilience in the UK Biobank (UKB) and All of Us Research Program (AoU), respectively. In 60,354 trauma-exposed UKB participants, we defined PTSD vulnerability and resilience considering PTSD symptoms, trauma burden, and polygenic risk scores. EHR-based phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) were conducted to dissect the co-phenomes of PTSD vulnerability and resilience. Significant diagnostic endpoints were applied as weights, yielding a phenotypic risk score (PheRS) to conduct PheWAS of PTSD vulnerability and resilience PheRS in up to 95,761 AoU participants. EHR-based PheWAS revealed three significant phenotypes positively associated with PTSD vulnerability (top association "Sleep disorders") and five outcomes inversely associated with PTSD resilience (top association "Irritable Bowel Syndrome"). In the AoU cohort, PheRS analysis showed a partial inverse relationship between vulnerability and resilience with distinct comorbid associations. While PheRSvulnerability associations were linked to multiple phenotypes, PheRSresilience showed inverse relationships with eye conditions. Our study unveils phenotypic differences in PTSD vulnerability and resilience, highlighting that these concepts are not simply the absence and presence of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Løkhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Frank R. Wendt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun He
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eleni Friligkou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cassie Overstreet
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stéphanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Liu Q, Ouyang L, Fan L, Liao A, Li Z, Chen X, Yuan L, He Y. Association between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder: a moderated mediation analysis with depression as a mediator and psychological resilience as a moderator. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:412. [PMID: 38834952 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder remains unclear. In this study, we examined this association in Chinese students and explored the possible associated roles of psychological resilience and depression. METHODS In total, 8,579 students from Hunan Province, China, provided information regarding their sociodemographic factors, history of childhood trauma, any symptoms of depression, psychological resilience, and characteristics of Internet gaming disorder for this cross-sectional study. The impact of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder, as well as the extent to which it was mediated by depression and moderated by psychological resilience was evaluated. RESULTS The influence of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder was partially mediated by depression (B = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04, 0.05], p < 0.001), with psychological resilience acting as a mitigating factor (B = -0.002, 95% CI [13.74, 21.72], p < 0.001). Psychological resilience also moderated the association between childhood trauma and depression (B = - 0.003, 95% CI [22.17, 28.10], p < 0.001). Our moderated mediation model elucidated psychosocial mechanisms, revealing the underlying link between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder. It also demonstrated the partial mediating role of depression and modulating role of psychological resilience among Chinese students. CONCLUSIONS Education and interventions, along with effective social support, should be provided to enhance students' psychological resilience and prevent childhood trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.139, Renmin Rd, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Scoglio AAJ, Nishimi K, Choi KW, Koenen KC, Sampson LA, Jha SC, Kubzansky LD. Prior resilience to trauma & coping during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297169. [PMID: 38713693 PMCID: PMC11075842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study examined the potential influence of pre-pandemic psychological resilience on use of approach or avoidant coping styles and strategies to manage stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that higher resilience would be associated with more approach coping and less avoidant coping. DESIGN AND METHODS Longitudinal cohort data were from the Nurses' Health Study II, including 13,143 female current and former healthcare professionals with pre-pandemic lifetime trauma. Pre-pandemic resilience was assessed between 2018-2019 and current coping during the outbreak of the pandemic in the United States (May-August 2020). Multiple linear regression model results identified associations between continuous pre-pandemic resilience scores and use of approach and avoidant coping styles, as well as individual coping strategies, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Greater resilience was associated with higher use of approach coping (ß = 0.06, 95% CI 0.05, 0.08) and lower use of avoidant coping styles (ß = -0.39, 95% CI -0.41, -0.38). Higher pre-pandemic resilience was also associated with use of eight (distraction [ß = -0.18, 95% CI -0.20, -0.16], substance use [ß = -0.15, 95% CI -0.17, -0.13], behavioral disengagement [ß = -0.29, 95% CI -0.30, -0.27], self-blame [ß = -0.44, 95% CI -0.45, -0.42], emotional support (ß = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05), positive reframing [ß = 0.13, 95% CI 0.12, 0.15], humor [ß = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05] and religion [ß = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04, 0.08]) of the nine coping strategies in expected directions. CONCLUSION Findings have important implications for intervention or even prevention efforts to support vulnerable groups, such as women with prior trauma histories, during this and other immensely stressful times. Supporting or building psychological resilience following trauma may promote effective coping in times of future stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle A. J. Scoglio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristen Nishimi
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Sampson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shaili C. Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hess JL, Mattheisen M, Greenwood TA, Tsuang MT, Edenberg HJ, Holmans P, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia: Replication in 18,090 cases and 28,114 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32957. [PMID: 37551635 PMCID: PMC10850427 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying heritable factors that moderate the genetic risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) could help clarify why some individuals remain unaffected despite having relatively high genetic liability. Previously, we developed a framework to mine genome-wide association (GWAS) data for common genetic variants that protect high-risk unaffected individuals from SCZ, leading to derivation of the first-ever "polygenic resilience score" for SCZ (resilient controls n = 3786; polygenic risk score-matched SCZ cases n = 18,619). Here, we performed a replication study to verify the moderating effect of our polygenic resilience score on SCZ risk (OR = 1.09, p = 4.03 × 10-5 ) using newly released GWAS data from 23 independent case-control studies collated by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) (resilient controls n = 2821; polygenic risk score-matched SCZ cases n = 5150). Additionally, we sought to optimize our polygenic resilience-scoring formula to improve subsequent modeling of resilience to SCZ and other complex disorders. We found significant replication of the polygenic resilience score, and found that strict pruning of SNPs based on linkage disequilibrium to known risk SNPs and their linked loci optimizes the performance of the polygenic resilience score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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10
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A statistical genetic investigation of psychiatric resilience. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2178762. [PMID: 37052082 PMCID: PMC9987782 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2178762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although trauma exposure (TE) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for many psychiatric disorders, not everyone who experiences TE develops a psychiatric disorder. Resilience may explain this heterogeneity; thus, it is critical to understand the etiologic underpinnings of resilience.Objective: The present study sought to examine the genetic underpinnings of psychiatric resilience using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA), and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses.Method: Participants were 6,634 trauma exposed college students attending a diverse, public university in the Mid Atlantic. GWAS and GCTA analyses were conducted, and using GWAS summary statistics from large genetic consortia, PRS analyses examined the shared genetic risk between resilience and various phenotypes.Results: Results demonstrate that nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) met the suggestive of significance threshold, heritability estimates for resilience were non-significant, and that there is genetic overlap between resilience and AD, as well as resilience and PTSD.Conclusion: Mixed findings from the present study suggest additional research to elucidate the etiological underpinnings of resilience, ideally with larger samples less biased by variables such as heterogeneity (i.e. clinical vs. population based) and population stratification. Genetic investigations of resilience have the potential to elucidate the molecular bases of stress-related psychopathology, suggesting new avenues for prevention and intervention efforts.
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11
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Fares-Otero NE, O J, Spies G, Womersley JS, Gonzalez C, Ayas G, Mossie TB, Carranza-Neira J, Estrada-Lorenzo JM, Vieta E, Schalinski I, Schnyder U, Seedat S. Child maltreatment and resilience in adulthood: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2282826. [PMID: 38010898 PMCID: PMC10993816 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2282826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although child maltreatment (CM) has been linked to health problems and poor psychosocial functioning, not all individuals exposed to CM develop or experience negative consequences later in life. This suggests that some individuals show resilience after being exposed to CM. However, conclusions have been limited by inconsistent findings across different CM subtypes and resilience domains.Objective: To develop a protocol for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify associations between CM (overall and its subtypes) and resilience (global and its multiple domains) in adulthood, and to examine moderators and mediators of these associations.Method: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched to identify relevant studies on the association between CM (exposure) and resilience (outcome) in adults (≥ 18 years). Data will be screened and extracted by at least two independent reviewers. The methodological quality of the included studies will be independently assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). If deemed viable, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Heterogeneity of evidence will be estimated with the I2 statistic, and publication bias will be assessed. The effects of potential moderators (e.g. timing and severity of CM, age, sex, family cohesion, socio-economic status, country/region) will be analysed using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and meta-analytical structural equation modelling will be employed to synthesise indirect mediation effects. Candidate moderators and mediators (e.g. genetic factors, brain functioning, attachment style, personality traits, physical activity, and social support) will be also examined qualitatively.Conclusions: This protocol will facilitate a systematic review and meta-analysis that has the potential to enhance our knowledge about the association between CM exposure in early life and resilience in adulthood. Understanding associations and underlying mechanisms between CM and resilience is potentially important in informing prevention and interventions to sustain health and improve outcomes among adults with a history of CM.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023394120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E. Fares-Otero
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiaqing O
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Georgina Spies
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline S. Womersley
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
| | - Görkem Ayas
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tilahun Belete Mossie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Julia Carranza-Neira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Schalinski
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Department of Human Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Quattropani MC, Barbosa MLL, Lenzo V, Hope K, Toffle ME, Gafforelli LG, Sardella A, Islam-Zwart K. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of resilience: cross cultural differences between Brazil, Italy, and the United States. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2278. [PMID: 37978480 PMCID: PMC10657012 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restrictive measures consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant psychological impact on everyday life in the general population, even though differences between countries remain poorly investigated. The present study sought to examine the different psychological impacts and resilience of the pandemic among three of the most heavily hit countries: Brazil, Italy, and the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study separately involved three national community populations, namely the Brazilian, the Italian, and the American population. Participants aged 18 years or older were recruited through a shared online survey. Participants self-completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D); post-traumatic stress was additionally assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Three separate Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) were performed in order to investigate differences in the levels of resilience, post-traumatic stress, and depression among the three populations. RESULTS The study included in total 734 participants (mean age = 27.60 ± 11.69 years; 77% of females). Results of ANCOVA comparisons showed significant differences between the three groups in the variable measuring resilience, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and depression. As for resilience, results of post-hoc tests showed significant differences between the groups from Brazil and Italy and between the groups from Brazil and USA. As for the post-traumatic stress symptoms, results showed significant differences between the USA and Brazil groups and between the USA and Italy groups. As for the depression symptoms, results showed significant differences between the USA and Brazil groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings may help to increase understanding of the psychological impact of COVID-19 in Brazil, Italy, and the USA. Interventions to prevent mental disorders among general populations should take into account these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Quattropani
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Via Biblioteca 4, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Via Biblioteca 4, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - Keely Hope
- School of Psychology, Professor, Eastern Washington University, 135 Martin Hall, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Toffle
- Department of Political and Juridical Sciences, University of Messina, Piazza XX Settembre, 4, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Consolare Valeria St, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Kayleen Islam-Zwart
- School of Psychology, Professor, Eastern Washington University, 135 Martin Hall, Cheney, WA, 99004, USA
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13
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Polusny MA, Marquardt CA, Hubbling M, Campbell EH, Arbisi PA, Davenport ND, Lim KO, Lissek S, Schaefer JD, Sponheim SR, Masten AS, Noorbaloochi S. Adaptation in Young Military Recruits: Protocol for the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51235. [PMID: 37792432 PMCID: PMC10585449 DOI: 10.2196/51235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military services provide a unique opportunity for studying resilience, a dynamic process of successful adaptation (ie, doing well in terms of functioning and symptoms) in response to significant adversity. Despite the tremendous interest in positive adaptation among military service members, little is known about the processes underlying their resilience. Understanding the neurobiological, cognitive, and social mechanisms underlying adaptive functioning following military stressor exposure is essential for enhancing the resilience of military service members. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) longitudinal study is to characterize the trajectories of positive adaptation among young military recruits in response to basic combat training (BCT), a well-defined, uniform, and 10-week period of intense stress (aim 1), and identify promotive and protective processes contributing to individual variations in resilience (aim 2). The secondary objective is to investigate the pathways by which neurobehavioral markers of self-regulation assessed using electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging contribute to adaptive trajectories (aim 3). METHODS ARMOR is an ongoing, prospective longitudinal cohort study of young military recruits who recently joined the National Guard but have not yet shipped out for BCT. Participants (N=1201) are assessed at 5 time points over the initial >2 years of military service beginning before BCT (baseline) and followed up at 2 weeks and 6, 12, and 18 months after BCT. Participants complete web-based questionnaires assessing vulnerability and protective factors, mental health, and socioemotional functioning at each time point and a battery of neurocognitive tests at time 0. A subset of participants also complete structured diagnostic interviews and additional self-report measures and perform neurobehavioral tasks before and after BCT during electroencephalography sessions and before BCT only during magnetic resonance imaging sessions. RESULTS This UG3/UH3 project was initially funded in August 2017, with the UG3 pilot work completed at the end of 2018. The UH3 phase of the project was funded in March 2019. Study enrollment for the UH3 phase began on April 14, 2019, and ended on October 16, 2021. A total of 1201 participants are enrolled in the study. Follow-up data collection for the UH3 phase is ongoing and projected to continue through February 2024. We will disseminate the findings through conferences, webinars, open access publications, and communications with participants and stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The ARMOR study provides a rich data set to identify the predictors and mechanisms of resilient and nonresilient outcomes in the context of military stressors, which are intended to empirically inform the development of prevention and intervention strategies to enhance the resilience of military trainees and potentially other young people facing significant life challenges. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Polusny
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Hubbling
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily Hagel Campbell
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Paul A Arbisi
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Siamak Noorbaloochi
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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14
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Li C, Lv G, Liu B, Ju Y, Wang M, Dong Q, Sun J, Lu X, Zhang L, Wan P, Guo H, Zhao F, Liao M, Zhang Y, Li L, Liu J. Impact of childhood maltreatment on adult resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:637. [PMID: 37648984 PMCID: PMC10470179 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that childhood maltreatment is associated with poor health outcomes. While not everyone who experiences abuse as a child goes on to experience poor mental health, some traumatized people are grown to be more resilient than others. Few studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and adult resilience. This study aimed to determine different relationships between specific types and features of childhood maltreatment with adult resilience among Chinese with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 101 patients with MDD and 116 participants in the healthy control (HC) group from Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital and its nearby communities were included in this analysis. Childhood maltreatment was assessed retrospectively using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adults' resilience was assessed by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Generalized linear models were applied between childhood maltreatment (specific types and features) and resilience adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The total score of CD-RISC and factor scores of strength, optimism, and tenacity in the HC group were higher than those in the MDD group. CTQ total score had a negative association with optimism score among participants in MDD (β=-0.087, P < 0.001) and HC (β=-0.074, P = 0.023) groups. Higher emotional neglect (EN) score (β=-0.169, P = 0.001) and physical neglect (PN) score (β=-0.153, P = 0.043) were related to a worse optimism score in MDD group. Emotional abuse (EA) score was associated with a worse tenacity score (β=-0.674, P = 0.031) in MDD group. For participants in HC group, higher EN and PN scores were related to worse resilience scores (tenacity, strength, and optimism). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD showed lower optimism than HCs. Childhood maltreatment, especially childhood negect, independently contributed to optimism, with more severe childhood maltreatment predictive of worse performance of optimism. EA in childhood was also linked to worse tenacity in adult patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guanyi Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou mental health centre, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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15
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Polusny MA, Marquardt CA, Hubbling S, Campbell EH, Arbisi PA, Davenport ND, Lim KO, Lissek S, Schaefer JD, Sponheim SR, Masten AS, Noorbaloochi S. Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) Prospective Longitudinal Study of Adaptation in Young Military Recruits: Protocol and rationale for methods and measures. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.07.23292348. [PMID: 37502945 PMCID: PMC10370239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.23292348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Military service provides a unique opportunity for studying resilience, a dynamic process of successful adaptation (i.e., doing well in terms of functioning and symptoms) in response to significant adversity. Despite tremendous interest in positive adaptation among military service members, little is known about the processes underlying their resilience. Understanding neurobiological, cognitive, and social mechanisms underlying adaptive functioning following military stressor exposure is essential to enhance the resilience of military service members. Objectives The primary objective of the Advancing Research on Mechanisms of Resilience (ARMOR) longitudinal study is to characterize trajectories of positive adaptation among young military recruits in response to Basic Combat Training (BCT), a well-defined, uniform, 10-week period of intense stress (Aim 1) and identify promotive and protective processes contributing to individual variations in resilience (Aim 2). The secondary objective is to investigate pathways by which neurobehavioral markers of self-regulation assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contribute to adaptive trajectories (Aim 3). Methods ARMOR is an ongoing, prospective longitudinal cohort study of young military recruits who recently joined the National Guard but have not yet shipped for BCT. Participants (N=1,201) are assessed at five timepoints over the initial 2+ years of military service beginning before BCT (baseline) and followed up at 2 weeks, 6, 12, and 18 months post-BCT. At each time point, participants complete online questionnaires assessing vulnerability and protective factors, mental health and social-emotional functioning, and, at Time 0 only, a battery of neurocognitive tests. A subset of participants also complete structured diagnostic interviews, additional self-report measures, and perform neurobehavioral tasks before and after BCT during EEG sessions, and, at pre-BCT only, during MRI sessions. Results Study enrollment began April 14, 2019 and ended in October 16, 2021. A total of 1,201 participants are enrolled in the study (68.9% male; mean age = 18.9, SD = 3.0). Follow-up data-collection is ongoing and projected to continue through March 2024. We will disseminate findings through conferences, webinars, open access publications, and communications with participants and stakeholders. Conclusions Results are expected to elucidate how young military recruits adapt to military stressors during the initial years of military service. Understanding positive adaptation of military recruits in the face of BCT has implications for developing prevention and intervention strategies to enhance resilience of military trainees and potentially other young people facing significant life challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Polusny
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Care Delivery Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Shelly Hubbling
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Emily Hagel Campbell
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Care Delivery Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul A Arbisi
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Shumel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Siamak Noorbaloochi
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Care Delivery Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School
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Nishimi K, Tan J, Scoglio A, Choi KW, Kelley DP, Neylan TC, O’Donovan A. Psychological Resilience to Trauma and Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Somatic Symptoms Across 2 Years. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:488-497. [PMID: 37199425 PMCID: PMC10524129 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to trauma increases the risk of somatic symptoms, as well as acute and chronic physical diseases. However, many individuals display psychological resilience, showing positive psychological adaptation despite trauma exposure. Resilience to prior trauma may be a protective factor for physical health during subsequent stressors, including the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using data from 528 US adults in a longitudinal cohort study, we examined psychological resilience to lifetime potentially traumatic events early in the pandemic and the risk of COVID-19 infection and somatic symptoms across 2 years of follow-up. Resilience was defined as level of psychological functioning relative to lifetime trauma burden, assessed in August 2020. Outcomes included COVID-19 infection and symptom severity, long COVID, and somatic symptoms assessed every 6 months for 24 months. Using regression models, we examined associations between resilience and each outcome adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Higher psychological resilience to trauma was associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection over time, with one standard deviation higher resilience score associated with a 31% lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection, adjusting for sociodemographics and vaccination status. Furthermore, higher resilience was associated with lower levels of somatic symptoms during the pandemic, adjusting for COVID-19 infection and long COVID status. In contrast, resilience was not associated with COVID-19 disease severity or long COVID. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience to prior trauma is associated with lower risk of COVID-19 infection and lower somatic symptoms during the pandemic. Promoting psychological resilience to trauma may benefit not only mental but also physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jeri Tan
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Arielle Scoglio
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopment Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - D. Parker Kelley
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Aoife O’Donovan
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco
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17
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DeTore NR, Luther L, Deng W, Zimmerman J, Leathem L, Burke AS, Nyer MB, Holt DJ. Efficacy of a transdiagnostic, prevention-focused program for at-risk young adults: a waitlist-controlled trial. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3490-3499. [PMID: 35227342 PMCID: PMC9433469 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention programs that are 'transdiagnostic' may be more cost-effective and beneficial, in terms of reducing levels of psychopathology in the general population, than those focused on a specific disorder. This randomized controlled study evaluated the efficacy of one such intervention program called Resilience Training (RT). METHODS College students who reported mildly elevated depressive or subclinical psychotic symptoms ('psychotic experiences' (PEs)) (n = 107) were randomized to receiving RT (n = 54) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 53). RT consists of a four-session intervention focused on improving resilience through the acquisition of mindfulness, self-compassion, and mentalization skills. Measures of symptoms and these resilience-enhancing skills were collected before and after the 4-week RT/waitlist period, with a follow-up assessment 12-months later. RESULTS Compared to the waitlist control group, RT participants reported significantly greater reductions in PEs, distress associated with PEs, depression, and anxiety, as well as significantly greater improvements in resilience, mindfulness, self-compassion, and positive affect, following the 4-week RT/waitlist period (all p < 0.03). Moreover, improvements in resilience-promoting skills were significantly correlated with symptom reductions (all p < 0.05). Lastly, the RT-related reductions in PEs and associated distress were maintained at the 12-month follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS RT is a brief, group-based intervention associated with improved resilience and reduced symptoms of psychopathology, with sustained effects on PEs, in transdiagnostically at-risk young adults. Follow-up studies can further assess the efficacy of RT relative to other interventions and test whether it can reduce the likelihood of developing a serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. DeTore
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Luther
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wisteria Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne S. Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maren B. Nyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J. Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Espinosa Dice AL, Ye X, Kim SG, McLaughlin KA, Amstadter AB, Tiemeier H, Denckla CA. Resilient phenotypes among bereaved youth: a comparison of trajectory, relative, and cross-domain approaches. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:23. [PMID: 36755284 PMCID: PMC9909953 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bereavement is a common traumatic event associated with adverse health outcomes across the life course. Despite these risks, not all bereaved individuals experience these negative effects. Limited scientific consensus exists on how to define resilience in individuals who have experienced the death of a loved one. METHODS Using a sample of N = 3766 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we identified bereavement of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. We derived and compared three different approaches to assess resilience among bereaved youth. Trajectory-based psychological resilience identified sub-groups with similar psychological symptom profiles between ages 6 and 16 using latent growth mixture models. Relative psychological resilience at age 16 leveraged standardized residuals from a model regressing psychological symptoms on bereavement to determine better-than-expected psychological functioning relative to bereavement status. Relative cross-domain resilience around age 16 was a sum score of the residuals approach applied to eight unique domains of health. Predictive validity of each approach was assessed using depressive symptoms at age 17.5 RESULTS: Overall, N = 877 (23%) youth were bereaved of a family member between ages 7 and 8.5. Using latent growth mixture models, a three-class solution described 84% of bereaved youth with low and stable psychological symptoms over time, 8% with worsening symptoms, and 8% with improving yet elevated symptoms. Each relative resilience score was largely concordant with the trajectory-based approach in identifying individuals as resilient or not, though relative psychological resilience demonstrated a stronger degree of concordance than the cross-domain score. Relative psychological and cross-domain resilience exhibited moderate to low correlation, depending on the domains included (r = 0.14-0.43). For each approach, resilience significantly predicted lower depressive symptoms at age 17.5, highlighting predictive validity of these measures. CONCLUSIONS Psychological symptom trajectories among bereaved youth aligned with those previously identified among bereaved adults. The residual-based approach to defining resilience exhibited limited utility in the context of bereavement. When identifying risk and resilience after bereavement, researchers and clinicians must address the interplay across psychosocial and physical health domains, as bereaved youth considered resilient from a mental health perspective may benefit from intervention in other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xian Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Gyuri Kim
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christy A Denckla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Choi KW, Nishimi K, Jha SC, Sampson L, Hahn J, Kang JH, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. Pre-pandemic resilience to trauma and mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:453-465. [PMID: 36169684 PMCID: PMC9514982 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The stress-sensitization hypothesis posits that individuals with prior trauma are at elevated risk for poor mental health when faced with subsequent stressors. Little work has examined whether those who have demonstrated psychological resilience to prior trauma would show either increased resilience or vulnerability to subsequent stressors. We examined pre-pandemic psychological resilience to lifetime trauma in relation to mental health outcomes amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a major societal stressor. METHODS The sample included 16,900 trauma-exposed women from the Nurses' Health Study II. Pre-pandemic resilience was defined by psychological health in 2017-2019 (characterized by levels of both distress and positive emotional well-being) relative to lifetime trauma. Resilience was defined categorically by cross-classifying unfavorable, adequate, and favorable psychological health by higher versus lower trauma burden, and continuously as the residual difference in predicted versus actual psychological health regressed on trauma burden. Mental health outcomes as of May-August 2020 included psychological distress symptoms and overall positive emotional well-being. Associations were assessed using covariate-adjusted regression models. RESULTS Pre-pandemic resilience was associated with lower distress and higher well-being early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Relative to the women showing highest resilience (favorable psychological health despite higher trauma), only those with lower trauma and favorable prior psychological health had significantly lower distress and higher positive emotional well-being during the pandemic. Higher continuous pre-pandemic resilience was also significantly associated with lower distress and higher positive emotional well-being during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Preventing mental health problems following trauma may contribute to protecting population well-being amid major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel W. Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Psychiatric & Neurodevelopment Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kristen Nishimi
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shaili C. Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jill Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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20
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Polygenic resilience scores capture protective genetic effects for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:296. [PMID: 35879306 PMCID: PMC9314356 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can boost risk prediction in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) beyond apolipoprotein E (APOE) but have not been leveraged to identify genetic resilience factors. Here, we sought to identify resilience-conferring common genetic variants in (1) unaffected individuals having high PRSs for LOAD, and (2) unaffected APOE-ε4 carriers also having high PRSs for LOAD. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) to contrast "resilient" unaffected individuals at the highest genetic risk for LOAD with LOAD cases at comparable risk. From GWAS results, we constructed polygenic resilience scores to aggregate the addictive contributions of risk-orthogonal common variants that promote resilience to LOAD. Replication of resilience scores was undertaken in eight independent studies. We successfully replicated two polygenic resilience scores that reduce genetic risk penetrance for LOAD. We also showed that polygenic resilience scores positively correlate with polygenic risk scores in unaffected individuals, perhaps aiding in staving off disease. Our findings align with the hypothesis that a combination of risk-independent common variants mediates resilience to LOAD by moderating genetic disease risk.
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21
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Dark Triad traits mediate the interaction between childhood abuse and COMT Val158Met polymorphism on aggression among incarcerated Chinese males. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Associations Between Outcome Resilience and Sociodemographic Factors, Childhood Trauma, Personality Dimensions and Self-Rated Health in Middle-Aged Adults. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:796-806. [PMID: 35246825 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined how sociodemographic factors, childhood trauma, personality dimensions, and self-rated health were associated with outcome resilience and how different stressors influenced depressive symptoms. METHODS An outcome resilience score for 213 adults was derived by means of a residualization approach. Associations between outcome resilience and sociodemographic and personality factors were evaluated using linear regression. In addition, associations between log-transformed depressive symptoms and the stressors were analyzed using multiple linear regression. A Pearson correlation coefficient between self-rated health and outcome resilience was also computed. RESULTS Higher neuroticism was negatively and higher conscientiousness was positively associated with outcome resilience. Better self-rated health was associated with higher outcome resilience. Somatic disease events and onset of chronic mental disorders were associated with more depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Outcome resilience was significantly related to neuroticism, conscientiousness, and self-rated health. Strong associations between depressive symptoms and the stressors somatic disease event, and chronic mental disorder were observed.
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23
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Qu G, Ma S, Liu H, Han T, Zhang H, Ding X, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Sun Y. Positive childhood experiences can moderate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adolescent depression and anxiety: Results from a cross-sectional survey. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105511. [PMID: 35078091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and have a wide range of impact on human physical and mental health. The role of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and its interaction with ACEs on adolescent depression and anxiety are less known. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on Chinese primary and secondary school students was conducted to investigate information of ACEs, PCEs, depression, anxiety and demographic characteristics (n = 6363). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between specific types and cumulative of PCEs and ACEs and risk of depression, anxiety and its comorbidity. Interaction analyses were conducted to determine the moderation role of PCEs on the impact of ACEs. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with the risk of depression and anxiety and there was a significant positive does-response relationship between cumulative ACEs exposure and risk of depression, anxiety and its comorbidity. PCEs were negatively associated with the risk of depression and anxiety and there was an inverse does-response relationship between cumulative PCEs exposure and risk of depression. Adolescents with low ACEs (<4 counts) and high PCEs (6-7 counts) exposure showed significant lower risk of depression and there were negative additive interactions between PCEs and ACEs exposure on risk of depression and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS PCEs can moderate the impact of ACEs on mental health of adolescents. Early and proactively promoting PCEs contributes to promoting well-being, especially for adolescents with ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang 400, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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24
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Hettwer MD, Lancaster TM, Raspor E, Hahn PK, Mota NR, Singer W, Reif A, Linden DEJ, Bittner RA. Evidence From Imaging Resilience Genetics for a Protective Mechanism Against Schizophrenia in the Ventral Visual Pathway. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:551-562. [PMID: 35137221 PMCID: PMC9077432 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Illuminating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of recently discovered common genetic resilience variants for schizophrenia is crucial for more effective prevention efforts. Current models implicate adaptive neuroplastic changes in the visual system and their pro-cognitive effects as a schizophrenia resilience mechanism. We investigated whether common genetic resilience variants might affect brain structure in similar neural circuits. METHOD Using structural magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the impact of an established schizophrenia polygenic resilience score (PRSResilience) on cortical volume, thickness, and surface area in 101 healthy subjects and in a replication sample of 33 224 healthy subjects (UK Biobank). FINDING We observed a significant positive whole-brain correlation between PRSResilience and cortical volume in the right fusiform gyrus (FFG) (r = 0.35; P = .0004). Post-hoc analyses in this cluster revealed an impact of PRSResilience on cortical surface area. The replication sample showed a positive correlation between PRSResilience and global cortical volume and surface area in the left FFG. CONCLUSION Our findings represent the first evidence of a neurobiological correlate of a genetic resilience factor for schizophrenia. They support the view that schizophrenia resilience emerges from strengthening neural circuits in the ventral visual pathway and an increased capacity for the disambiguation of social and nonsocial visual information. This may aid psychosocial functioning, ameliorate the detrimental effects of subtle perceptual and cognitive disturbances in at-risk individuals, and facilitate coping with the cognitive and psychosocial consequences of stressors. Our results thus provide a novel link between visual cognition, the vulnerability-stress concept, and schizophrenia resilience models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike D Hettwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- School of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eva Raspor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf Singer
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience (ESI) in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Brain Research (MPI BR), Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Bittner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; tel: 69-6301-84713, fax: 69-6301-81775, e-mail:
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25
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DeTore N, Sylvia L, Park E, Burke A, Levison J, Shannon A, Choi K, Jain F, Coman D, Herman J, Perlis R, Fava M, Holt D. Promoting resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic with a brief online intervention. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:228-233. [PMID: 34857369 PMCID: PMC8572311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers has been impacted by the high levels of stress many have experienced during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a brief online course focused on introducing evidence-based skills that could increase resilience and decreases emotional distress in healthcare workers during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employees of a large healthcare system completed a mental health survey at baseline, and then one month and two months after some employees participated in an online resilience-enhancement course consisting of three 12-19 min videos focused on mindfulness, mentalization, and self-compassion. RESULTS A total of 554 participants completed the baseline survey, endorsing moderate to high levels of emotional distress. Of those who completed all three assessments and participated in the course (n = 38), significant improvements in resilience and reductions in emotional distress were found one and two months later, in comparison to those who did not participate in the course (n = 110). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that a brief, online intervention can improve the mental health of healthcare workers during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.R. DeTore
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author. 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - L. Sylvia
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E.R. Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J.H. Levison
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Shannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K.W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F.A. Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.C. Coman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.J. Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Daníelsdóttir HB, Aspelund T, Thordardottir EB, Fall K, Fang F, Tómasson G, Rúnarsdóttir H, Yang Q, Choi KW, Kennedy B, Halldorsdottir T, Lu D, Song H, Jakobsdóttir J, Hauksdóttir A, Valdimarsdóttir UA. Adverse childhood experiences and resilience among adult women: A population-based study. eLife 2022; 11:e71770. [PMID: 35101173 PMCID: PMC8806181 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have consistently been associated with elevated risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, yet their contribution to coping ability and psychiatric resilience in adulthood is unclear. Methods Cross-sectional data were derived from the ongoing Stress-And-Gene-Analysis cohort, representing 30% of the Icelandic nationwide female population, 18-69 years. Participants in the current study were 26,198 women with data on 13 ACEs measured with the ACE-International Questionnaire. Self-reported coping ability was measured with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and psychiatric resilience was operationalized as absence of psychiatric morbidity. Generalized linear regression assuming normal or Poisson distribution were used to assess the associations of ACEs with coping ability and psychiatric resilience controlling for multiple confounders. Results Number of ACEs was inversely associated with adult resilience in a dose-dependent manner; every 1SD unit increase in ACE scores was associated with both lower levels of coping ability (β = -0.14; 95% CI-0.15,-0.13) and lower psychiatric resilience (β = -0.28; 95% CI-0.29,-0.27) in adulthood. Compared to women with 0 ACEs, women with ≥5 ACEs had 36% lower prevalence of high coping ability (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59,0.70) and 58% lower prevalence of high psychiatric resilience (PR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.39,0.45). Specific ACEs including emotional neglect, bullying, sexual abuse and mental illness of household member were consistently associated with reduced adult resilience. We observed only slightly attenuated associations after controlling for adult socioeconomic factors and social support in adulthood. Conclusions Cumulative ACE exposure is associated with lower adult resilience among women, independent of adult socioeconomic factors and social support, indicating that adult resilience may be largely determined in childhood. Funding This work was supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator grant; UAV, grant number 726413), and the Icelandic Center for Research (Grant of excellence; UAV, grant number 163362-051). HBD was supported by a doctoral grant from the University of Iceland Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Björk Daníelsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | | | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Gunnar Tómasson
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Beatrice Kennedy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavík UniversityReykjavikIceland
| | - Donghao Lu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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Exploring the utility of current polygenic scores in capturing resilience. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:15-24. [PMID: 34538866 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although resilience has been identified to be moderately heritable, little is known about the genetic variants involved. While there has not yet been a robust genome-wide association study (GWAS) of resilience, existing GWAS of related phenotypes may provide a starting point for developing our understanding of the heritability of resilience. In a sample of older, US adults (N = 9480), we examined the extent to which proxy polygenic scores (PGS) explained the variance in resilience. Four of the 32 PGS assessed (subjective wellbeing, neuroticism, depressive symptoms and educational attainment) reached significance among participants with European ancestries, but with relatively small effects (= 0.002-0.09). Notably, PGSs derived from GWAS of PTSD among participants with either European or African ancestries were uncorrelated with resilience. Even aggregated across all available proxy PGSs, existing PGSs are not sufficient to inform our understanding of the genetics underlying the heritability of resilience. A large-scale GWAS of resilience is needed as it would provide greater insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying the heritability of resilience.
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Nishimi KM, Koenen KC, Coull BA, Kubzansky LD. Association of Psychological Resilience With Healthy Lifestyle and Body Weight in Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:258-266. [PMID: 34521575 PMCID: PMC8792157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood adversity is associated with adverse health outcomes, in part owing to its effects on healthy lifestyle. We examined whether psychological resilience to adversity may promote healthier behaviors and body weight in young adulthood. METHODS Data are from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of young adults (n = 3,767) who are children of participants of the Nurses' Health Study II, a separate longitudinal cohort. After characterizing psychological resilience as per levels of adversity exposure before the age of 18 years and young adult psychological health (defined by a composite of low psychological distress and high positive affect), we derived a categorical measure by cross-classifying adversity (exposed vs. unexposed) and psychological health (high vs. lower). We considered five outcomes self-reported at baseline (2010) and five years later: healthy body weight and four healthy lifestyle components including being a nonsmoker, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, and healthy diet. Poisson regression models evaluated associations of each outcome with psychological resilience, comparing psychologically resilient individuals with those who were not resilient or who were unexposed to adversity, adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS We did not identify differences between psychologically resilient individuals and those unexposed to adversity who were psychologically healthy with respect to meeting recommendations for most healthy lifestyle components and associations were largely stable over time. Across most outcomes, nonresilient individuals were less likely to be healthy relative to resilient individuals. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience may disrupt negative effects of childhood adversity on having a healthy lifestyle in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Nishimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, , San Francisco, California; Mental Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Saito M, Hiramoto I, Yano M, Watanabe A, Kodama H. Influence of Self-Efficacy on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Survivors of Childhood Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031467. [PMID: 35162489 PMCID: PMC8834926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate how self-efficacy influences cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young survivors of childhood cancer. Forty-six young survivors (age range, 8–18 years) of childhood cancer who were currently in complete remission completed measures for self-efficacy (Pediatric General Self-Efficacy Scale (PedsSE)), cancer-related fatigue (Cancer-related Fatigue Score (CRFS)), and HRQoL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)). Structural relationships between the PedsSE and CRFS or PedsQL, including the effects of potential demographic or clinical confounders, were examined by machine learning random forest algorithms and structural equation modeling. According to the distribution of the PedsQL, six survivors with PedsQL < 70 were determined to have compromised HRQoL (referred to as “low-PedsQL survivors”). The random forest model identified six variables for the prediction of the CRFS, with the PedsSE being the most important, and eight variables for the distinction of low-PedsQL survivors, with the CRFS being the most and the PedsSE the third most important variable. The structural equation model indicated that a direct influence of the PedsSE on the PedsQL was less detectable (β = −0.049), whereas an indirect influence of the PedsSE on the PedsQL via the CRFS was evident (β = 0.333). The model explained 51% of the variation of the CRFS and 28% of the variation of the PedsQL. The PedsSE was strongly correlated with “altered mood” in the subclass of the CRFS (r = −0.470), and “altered mood” was strongly correlated with the PedsQL (r = 0.737). In conclusion, self-efficacy is a major determinant of cancer-related fatigue and influences HRQoL via cancer-related fatigue in survivors of childhood cancer. The main pathway from self-efficacy to HRQoL is thought to be via the emotional aspect of cancer-related fatigue. However, unlike adult survivors of cancer, self-efficacy for young survivors may not contribute much to self-management behaviors that maintain HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Saito
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Izumi Hiramoto
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Michihiro Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan;
| | - Arata Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Nakadori General Hospital, Akita 010-8577, Japan;
| | - Hideya Kodama
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.S.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-18-884-6513
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Cahill S, Chandola T, Hager R. Genetic Variants Associated With Resilience in Human and Animal Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:840120. [PMID: 35669264 PMCID: PMC9163442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The identification of specific genetic factors and their biological pathways underpinning resilient functioning can help in the identification of common key factors, but heterogeneities in the operationalisation of resilience have hampered advances. We conducted a systematic review of genetic variants associated with resilience to enable the identification of general resilience mechanisms. We adopted broad inclusion criteria for the definition of resilience to capture both human and animal model studies, which use a wide range of resilience definitions and measure very different outcomes. Analyzing 158 studies, we found 71 candidate genes associated with resilience. OPRM1 (Opioid receptor mu 1), NPY (neuropeptide Y), CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C), DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), and FKBP5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5) had both animal and human variants associated with resilience, supporting the idea of shared biological pathways. Further, for OPRM1, OXTR (oxytocin receptor), CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1), COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), APOE (apolipoprotein E), and SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4), the same allele was associated with resilience across divergent resilience definitions, which suggests these genes may therefore provide a starting point for further research examining commonality in resilience pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Methods Hub, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Nishimi K, Choi KW, Cerutti J, Powers A, Bradley B, Dunn EC. Measures of adult psychological resilience following early-life adversity: how congruent are different measures? Psychol Med 2021; 51:2637-2646. [PMID: 32406816 PMCID: PMC7863576 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological resilience - positive psychological adaptation in the context of adversity - is defined and measured in multiple ways across disciplines. However, little is known about whether definitions capture the same underlying construct and/or share similar correlates. This study examined the congruence of different resilience measures and associations with sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI), a key health indicator. METHODS In a cross-sectional sample of 1429 African American adults exposed to child maltreatment, we derived four resilience measures: a self-report scale assessing resiliency (perceived trait resilience); a binary variable defining resilience as low depression and posttraumatic stress (absence of distress); a binary variable defining resilience as low distress and high positive affect (absence of distress plus positive functioning); and a continuous variable reflecting individuals' deviation from distress levels predicted by maltreatment severity (relative resilience). Associations between resilience measures, sociodemographic factors, and BMI were assessed using correlations and regressions. RESULTS Resilience measures were weakly-to-moderately correlated (0.27-0.69), though similarly patterned across sociodemographic factors. Women showed higher relative resilience, but lower perceived trait resilience than men. Only measures incorporating positive affect or resiliency perceptions were associated with BMI: individuals classified as resilient by absence of distress plus positive functioning had lower BMI than non-resilient (β = -2.10, p = 0.026), as did those with higher perceived trait resilience (β = -0.63, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Relatively low congruence between resilience measures suggests studies will yield divergent findings about predictors, prevalence, and consequences of resilience. Efforts to clearly define resilience are needed to better understand resilience and inform intervention and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Janine Cerutti
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Sheerin CM, Bustamante D, Bountress KE, Cusack SE, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. Psychiatric Resilience and Alcohol Resistance: A Twin Study of Genetic Correlation and Sex Differences. Behav Genet 2021; 51:619-630. [PMID: 33893921 PMCID: PMC8530862 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Variability in psychiatric response following stressful/traumatic life events is frequently observed. There is also variability in propensity for alcohol use disorder (AUD) such that some can consume substantial amounts and not develop AUD symptoms whereas others develop an AUD. Our group has applied discrepancy-based approaches to capture psychiatric resilience (PR) and alcohol resistance (AR), both moderately heritable. This study sought to (1) examine the genetic and environmental correlation of these constructs and (2) model qualitative and quantitative sex effects. Data came from a large twin sample (N = 4501 twin pairs) with self-report measures and interviews assessing distress symptoms, stressful life events, alcohol use, and AUD. Correlated liability model results suggested a moderate degree of genetic correlation between PR and AR (0.54) due to the same genetic factors in males and females. Findings highlight the shared genetic predisposition of these resilience/resistance constructs while emphasizing the impact of unique environmental experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sheerin
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Daniel Bustamante
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Shannon E Cusack
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Personal Resilience Can Be Well Estimated from Heart Rate Variability and Paralinguistic Features during Human-Robot Conversations. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175844. [PMID: 34502736 PMCID: PMC8433993 DOI: 10.3390/s21175844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is as crucial as physical health, but it is underappreciated by mainstream biomedical research and the public. Compared to the use of AI or robots in physical healthcare, the use of AI or robots in mental healthcare is much more limited in number and scope. To date, psychological resilience—the ability to cope with a crisis and quickly return to the pre-crisis state—has been identified as an important predictor of psychological well-being but has not been commonly considered by AI systems (e.g., smart wearable devices) or social robots to personalize services such as emotion coaching. To address the dearth of investigations, the present study explores the possibility of estimating personal resilience using physiological and speech signals measured during human–robot conversations. Specifically, the physiological and speech signals of 32 research participants were recorded while the participants answered a humanoid social robot’s questions about their positive and negative memories about three periods of their lives. The results from machine learning models showed that heart rate variability and paralinguistic features were the overall best predictors of personal resilience. Such predictability of personal resilience can be leveraged by AI and social robots to improve user understanding and has great potential for various mental healthcare applications in the future.
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Psychological resilience predicting cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood in the Midlife in the United States Study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102619118. [PMID: 34341103 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102619118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adversity is associated with poor cardiometabolic health, potentially via psychological distress. However, not everyone exposed to adversity develops significant distress. Psychological resilience and positive psychological health despite adversity may protect against unfavorable cardiometabolic outcomes that are otherwise more likely. We examined early adversity, psychological resilience, and cardiometabolic risk among 3,254 adults in the Midlife in the United States Study. Psychological resilience was defined according to both early psychosocial adversity and adult psychological health (characterized by low distress and high wellbeing) at Wave 1 (1994 to 1995). Categorical resilience was derived by cross-classifying adversity (exposed versus unexposed) and psychological health (higher versus lower). We also assessed count of adversities experienced and psychological symptoms as separate variables. Incident cardiometabolic conditions (e.g., heart attack, stroke, and diabetes) were self-reported at Waves 2 (2004 to 2005) and 3 (2013 to 2014). Secondary analyses examined biological cardiometabolic risk using a composite of biomarkers available within a Wave-2 subsample. Logistic and Poisson regressions evaluated associations of resilience with cardiometabolic health across 20 follow-up y, adjusting for relevant covariates. In this initially healthy sample, nonresilient (adversity-exposed, lower psychological health) versus resilient (adversity-exposed, high psychological health) individuals had 43% higher odds of cardiometabolic conditions (95% CI 1.10 to 1.85). Odds of cardiometabolic conditions were similar among resilient versus unexposed, psychologically healthy individuals. More adversity experiences were associated with increased odds, while better psychological health with decreased odds of cardiometabolic conditions, and effects were largely independent. Patterns were similar for objectively assessed cardiometabolic risk. Psychological resilience in midlife may protect against negative cardiometabolic impacts of early adversity.
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Schultebraucks K, Choi KW, Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA. Discriminating Heterogeneous Trajectories of Resilience and Depression After Major Life Stressors Using Polygenic Scores. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:744-752. [PMID: 33787853 PMCID: PMC8014197 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Major life stressors, such as loss and trauma, increase the risk of depression. It is known that individuals show heterogeneous trajectories of depressive symptoms following major life stressors, including chronic depression, recovery, and resilience. Although common genetic variation has been associated with depression risk, genomic factors that could help discriminate trajectories of risk vs resilience following adversity have not been identified. OBJECTIVE To assess the discriminatory accuracy of a deep neural net combining joint information from 21 psychiatric and health-related multiple polygenic scores (PGSs) for discriminating resilience vs other longitudinal symptom trajectories with use of longitudinal, genetically informed data on adults exposed to major life stressors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Health and Retirement Study is a longitudinal panel cohort study in US citizens older than 50 years, with data being collected once every 2 years between 1992 and 2010. A total of 2071 participants who were of European ancestry with available depressive symptom trajectory information after experiencing an index depressogenic major life stressor were included. Latent growth mixture modeling identified heterogeneous trajectories of depressive symptoms before and after major life stressors, including stable low symptoms (ie, resilience), as well as improving, emergent, and preexisting/chronic symptom patterns. Twenty-one PGSs were examined as factors distinctively associated with these heterogeneous trajectories. Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations were applied to examine PGSs associated with each trajectory. Data were analyzed using the DNN model from June to July 2020. EXPOSURES Development of depression and resilience were examined in older adults after a major life stressor, such as bereavement, divorce, and job loss, or major health events, such as myocardial infarction and cancer. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Discriminatory accuracy of a deep neural net model trained for the multinomial classification of 4 distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale) based on 21 PGSs using supervised machine learning. RESULTS Of the 2071 participants, 1329 were women (64.2%); mean (SD) age was 55.96 (8.52) years. Of these, 1638 (79.1%) were classified as resilient, 160 (7.75) in recovery (improving), 159 (7.7%) with emerging depression, and 114 (5.5%) with preexisting/chronic depression symptoms. Deep neural nets distinguished these 4 trajectories with high discriminatory accuracy (multiclass micro-average area under the curve, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.89; multiclass macro-average area under the curve, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.85-0.87). Discriminatory accuracy was highest for preexisting/chronic depression (AUC 0.93), followed by emerging depression (AUC 0.88), recovery (AUC 0.87), resilience (AUC 0.75). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of the longitudinal cohort study suggest that multivariate PGS profiles provide information to accurately distinguish between heterogeneous stress-related risk and resilience phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schultebraucks
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York ,Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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de Vries LP, Baselmans BM, Luykx JJ, de Zeeuw EL, Minică CC, de Geus EJ, Vinkers CH, Bartels M. Genetic evidence for a large overlap and potential bidirectional causal effects between resilience and well-being. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100315. [PMID: 33816719 PMCID: PMC8010858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience and well-being are strongly related. People with higher levels of well-being are more resilient after stressful life events or trauma and vice versa. Less is known about the underlying sources of overlap and causality between the constructs. In a sample of 11.304 twins and 2.572 siblings from the Netherlands Twin Register, we investigated the overlap and possible direction of causation between resilience (i.e. the absence of psychiatric symptoms despite negative life events) and well-being (i.e. satisfaction with life) using polygenic score (PGS) prediction, twin-sibling modelling, and the Mendelian Randomization Direction of Causality (MR-DoC) model. Longitudinal twin-sibling models showed significant phenotypic correlations between resilience and well-being (.41/.51 at time 1 and 2). Well-being PGS were predictive for both well-being and resilience, indicating that genetic factors influencing well-being also predict resilience. Twin-sibling modeling confirmed this genetic correlation (0.71) and showed a strong environmental correlation (0.93). In line with causality, both genetic (51%) and environmental (49%) factors contributed significantly to the covariance between resilience and well-being. Furthermore, the results of within-subject and MZ twin differences analyses were in line with bidirectional causality. Additionally, we used the MR-DoC model combining both molecular and twin data to test causality, while correcting for pleiotropy. We confirmed the causal effect from well-being to resilience, with the direct effect of well-being explaining 11% (T1) and 20% (T2) of the variance in resilience. Data limitations prevented us to test the directional effect from resilience to well-being with the MR-DoC model. To conclude, we showed a strong relation between well-being and resilience. A first attempt to quantify the direction of this relationship points towards a bidirectional causal effect. If replicated, the potential mutual effects can have implications for interventions to lower psychopathology vulnerability, as resilience and well-being are both negatively related to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P. de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart M.L. Baselmans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Outpatient Second Opinion Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline L. de Zeeuw
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camelia C. Minică
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eco J.C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jung SJ, Jeon YJ, Choi KW, Yang JS, Chae J, Koenen KC, Kim HC. Correlates of psychological resilience and risk: Prospective associations of self-reported and relative resilience with Connor-Davidson resilience scale, heart rate variability, and mental health indices. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02091. [PMID: 33638932 PMCID: PMC8119814 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several ways to determine psychological resilience. However, the correlation between each measurement is not clear. We explored associations of baseline relative "resilience" and risk with later self-reported trait resilience and other biological/mental health indices. METHODS We utilized baseline and follow-up survey data from 500 participants aged 30-64 in the community cohort. Baseline "relative" resilience was defined by: (a) negative life events (NLEs) in the six months before baseline and (b) depressive symptoms at baseline, yielding four groups of individuals: i) "Unexposed and well," "Vulnerable (depression)," "Reactive (depression)," and "Resilient." "Trait" resilience at follow-up was self-reported using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Associations between relative resilience at baseline, CD-RISC, and heart rate variability (HRV) indices at follow-up were assessed with generalized linear regression models after adjustments. Associations between baseline resilience and subsequent loneliness/depression indices were also evaluated. RESULTS Overall trait resilience and its subfactors at follow-up showed strong negative associations with "Reactive" at baseline (adj-β for total CD-RISC score: -11.204 (men), -9.472 (women)). However, resilience at baseline was not associated with later HRV, which was compared with the significant positive association observed between CD-RISC and HRV at the same follow-up time point. The "Reactive" exhibited significantly increased depressive symptoms at follow-up. The overall distribution pattern of CD-RISC subfactors differed by baseline resilience status by sex. CONCLUSIONS The "relative" resilience based on the absence of depression despite prior adversity seems to be highly related with trait resilience at follow-up but not with HRV. The sub-factor pattern of CD-RISC was different by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Public HealthYonsei University Graduate SchoolSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Ye Jin Jeon
- Department of Public HealthYonsei University Graduate SchoolSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Ji Su Yang
- Department of Public HealthYonsei University Graduate SchoolSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jeong‐Ho Chae
- Department of PsychiatrySt. Mary’s HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Public HealthYonsei University Graduate SchoolSeoulSouth Korea
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Introducing two types of psychological resilience with partly unique genetic and environmental sources. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8624. [PMID: 33883571 PMCID: PMC8060303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological resilience is indicated when individuals demonstrate good mental health despite exposure to significant stress or adversity. Good mental health may involve low levels of illbeing and/or high levels of wellbeing. There is still very limited knowledge about the potential differences between these outcomes in relation to stressors. We propose a distinction between type 1 and type 2 resilience, examine their underlying genetic and environmental architecture, and identify modifiable resilience factors. The data come from a population-based twin sample (N = 1987, mean age = 63) in the Norwegian Twin Registry. Type 1 and type 2 resilience are operationalised as the residual of anxiety/depression symptoms and life satisfaction, respectively, after lifetime cumulative adversity has been regressed out. We used biometric modelling and cotwin-control linear mixed models to estimate underlying factors and identify predictors while controlling for genetic confounding. The results support the notion of two separate, but partly overlapping types of resilience. We find heritabilities of 0.30 (type 1) and 0.24 (type 2) and a genetic correlation of 0.43. Potentially causal resilience factors include, but are not limited to, meaning in life, physical activity, positive affect and relationship satisfaction. Whereas some factors are associated with both resilience types, other factors are unique to each type.
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Armstrong‐Carter E, Wertz J, Domingue BW. Genetics and Child Development: Recent Advances and Their Implications for Developmental Research. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sheerin CM, Bountress KE, Hicks TA, Lind MJ, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. Longitudinal Examination of the Impact of Resilience and Stressful Life Events on Alcohol Use Disorder Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1346-1351. [PMID: 34034629 PMCID: PMC8418223 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1922454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are a risk factor for alcohol use problems, and there is a need for identification of factors that may offset this risk. Resilience is uniquely, inversely associated with alcohol use, but there remains a dearth of research examining the buffering effect of resilience toward alcohol use problems in the context of SLEs. Objectives: This study used prospective data from an epidemiological twin sample (N = 7441) to test whether resilience at Time 1 would act as a buffer for new onset SLEs (e.g. assault, marital problems) against risk for alcohol dependence (AD) symptoms at Time 2. Results: The final model, adjusted for familial relatedness and controlling for demographic covariates and Time 1 (lifetime) AD symptoms, identified significant main effects of resilience and SLEs; those with greater resilience at Time 1 reported fewer symptoms (β=-.087, p<.001) and those with greater new-onset SLEs reported greater symptoms (β=.116, p<.001) at Time 2. However, there was no significant interaction (β=-.008, p>.05). Conclusions: Although findings further support the association of resilience and SLEs with AD, results do not support the conceptualization of resilience as a buffer against the impact of future life stressors on alcohol use outcomes. This suggests other factors may be more relevant for understanding protective factors for alcohol use problems or the relation between resilience and SLEs on alcohol use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Terrell A Hicks
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Lind
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Schiele MA, Herzog K, Kollert L, Schartner C, Leehr EJ, Böhnlein J, Repple J, Rosenkranz K, Lonsdorf TB, Dannlowski U, Zwanzger P, Reif A, Pauli P, Deckert J, Domschke K. Extending the vulnerability-stress model of mental disorders: three-dimensional NPSR1 × environment × coping interaction study in anxiety. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 217:645-650. [PMID: 32321595 PMCID: PMC7589989 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general understanding of the 'vulnerability-stress model' of mental disorders neglects the modifying impact of resilience-increasing factors such as coping ability. AIMS Probing a conceptual framework integrating both adverse events and coping factors in an extended 'vulnerability-stress-coping model' of mental disorders, the effects of functional neuropeptide S receptor gene (NPSR1) variation (G), early adversity (E) and coping factors (C) on anxiety were addressed in a three-dimensional G × E × C model. METHOD In two independent samples of healthy probands (discovery: n = 1403; replication: n = 630), the interaction of NPSR1 rs324981, childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) and general self-efficacy as a measure of coping ability (General Self-Efficacy Scale, GSE) on trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) was investigated via hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS In both samples, trait anxiety differed as a function of NPSR1 genotype, CTQ and GSE score (discovery: β = 0.129, P = 3.938 × 10-8; replication: β = 0.102, P = 0.020). In A allele carriers, the relationship between childhood trauma and anxiety was moderated by general self-efficacy: higher self-efficacy and childhood trauma resulted in low anxiety scores, and lower self-efficacy and childhood trauma in higher anxiety levels. In turn, TT homozygotes displayed increased anxiety as a function of childhood adversity unaffected by general self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Functional NPSR1 variation and childhood trauma are suggested as prime moderators in the vulnerability-stress model of anxiety, further modified by the protective effect of self-efficacy. This G × E × C approach - introducing coping as an additional dimension further shaping a G × E risk constellation, thus suggesting a three-dimensional 'vulnerability-stress-coping model' of mental disorders - might inform targeted preventive or therapeutic interventions strengthening coping ability to promote resilient functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Herzog
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), and Center of Mental Health, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Kollert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schartner
- Department of Physiology University of California San Francisco, USA; and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Karoline Rosenkranz
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tina B. Lonsdorf
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy) and Center of Mental Health, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, and Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany,Correspondence: Katharina Domschke.
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Choi KW, Stein MB, Nishimi KM, Ge T, Coleman JRI, Chen CY, Ratanatharathorn A, Zheutlin AB, Dunn EC, Breen G, Koenen KC, Smoller JW. An Exposure-Wide and Mendelian Randomization Approach to Identifying Modifiable Factors for the Prevention of Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:944-954. [PMID: 32791893 PMCID: PMC9361193 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efforts to prevent depression, the leading cause of disability worldwide, have focused on a limited number of candidate factors. Using phenotypic and genomic data from over 100,000 UK Biobank participants, the authors sought to systematically screen and validate a wide range of potential modifiable factors for depression. METHODS Baseline data were extracted for 106 modifiable factors, including lifestyle (e.g., exercise, sleep, media, diet), social (e.g., support, engagement), and environmental (e.g., green space, pollution) variables. Incident depression was defined as minimal depressive symptoms at baseline and clinically significant depression at follow-up. At-risk individuals for incident depression were identified by polygenic risk scores or by reported traumatic life events. An exposure-wide association scan was conducted to identify factors associated with incident depression in the full sample and among at-risk individuals. Two-sample Mendelian randomization was then used to validate potentially causal relationships between identified factors and depression. RESULTS Numerous factors across social, sleep, media, dietary, and exercise-related domains were prospectively associated with depression, even among at-risk individuals. However, only a subset of factors was supported by Mendelian randomization evidence, including confiding in others (odds ratio=0.76, 95% CI=0.67, 0.86), television watching time (odds ratio=1.09, 95% CI=1.05, 1.13), and daytime napping (odds ratio=1.34, 95% CI=1.17, 1.53). CONCLUSIONS Using a two-stage approach, this study validates several actionable targets for preventing depression. It also demonstrates that not all factors associated with depression in observational research may translate into robust targets for prevention. A large-scale exposure-wide approach combined with genetically informed methods for causal inference may help prioritize strategies for multimodal prevention in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Kristen M Nishimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Tian Ge
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Andrew Ratanatharathorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Amanda B Zheutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Gerome Breen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Choi, Chen, Zheutlin, Dunn, Koenen, Smoller); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Choi, Nishimi, Koenen, Smoller); Biogen, Cambridge, Mass. (Chen); Departments of Psychiatry and Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Stein); Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Coleman, Breen); and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York (Ratanatharathorn)
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Nishimi K, Choi KW, Davis KA, Powers A, Bradley B, Dunn EC. Features of Childhood Maltreatment and Resilience Capacity in Adulthood: Results from a Large Community-Based Sample. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:665-676. [PMID: 32537815 PMCID: PMC7828462 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is consistently associated with poor outcomes. However, few epidemiological studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and adult resilience capacity, defined as one's perceived ability to cope successfully with challenges. This study aimed to determine associations between adult resilience capacity and specific types and features of childhood maltreatment. Participants were African American adults recruited from a public urban hospital in Atlanta, GA (N = 1,962) between 2005 and 2013. Childhood maltreatment, including witnessing domestic violence or physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, was assessed retrospectively using the Traumatic Events Inventory. Perceived resilience capacity was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Linear regressions were performed assessing the association between resilience capacity and childhood maltreatment exposure in general, as well as specific dimensions of exposure, including type, co-occurrence, and developmental timing, adjusting for covariates. Participants exposed to any maltreatment reported lower resilience capacity than unexposed peers, B = -0.38, SE = 0.04, p < .001. All maltreatment types were negatively associated with resilience capacity, even after adjusting for other lifetime trauma exposure. Only emotional abuse remained significantly associated with resilience capacity after accounting for current psychological distress, B = -0.11, SE = 0.05, p = .022. Maltreatment co-occurrence followed an inverse dose-response relationship with resilience capacity: For each additional maltreatment type, scores decreased by 0.18 units (SD = 0.02), p < .001. Finally, the developmental timing of maltreatment did not reveal any differential influences on resilience capacity. The results suggest that childhood emotional abuse and co-occurrence of maltreatment types may be particularly deleterious to adult resilience capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kathryn A. Davis
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Liu JJ, Reed M, Fung KP. Advancements to the Multi-System Model of Resilience: updates from empirical evidence. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04831. [PMID: 32984581 PMCID: PMC7492804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss further advancements to the Multi-System Model of Resilience through examining empirical factor structures of the Multi-System Model of Resilience Inventory along with other measures of resilience. Evidence from multiple sampled populations provided support for the three-systems organization of the model and highlight its similarities and differences in relation to other measures of resilience. The MSMR conceptualizes resilience as a capacity that enables functioning across a continuum from vulnerability to resilience, whereby internal and external resources interface with dynamic coping processes in response to varying needs and goals. Meaningful applications of this model and future steps in model and measurement developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny J.W. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen Reed
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth P. Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sawyers C, Kurtz ED, Sheerin C, Maes HH, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. A behavioral genetic investigation of conceptualizations of resilience in a female twin sample. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:532-539. [PMID: 32108979 PMCID: PMC7292754 DOI: 10.1002/da.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Great variability exists in response to stressful or traumatic events, leading to an interest in the construct of resilience as a trait and an outcome. The etiologic sources of variability across differing conceptualizations of resilience are poorly understood. METHODS Using behavioral genetic methods in a sample of 2,056 female twins, the present study sought to (a) examine the etiologic sources of a trait-based self-report measure of perceived resilience (PR), (b) determine the genetic and environmental overlap with an outcome-based measure of resilience, as defined by the absence of psychiatric symptoms after stressful life events, previously used by our research team (discrepancy-based psychiatric resilience [DBPR]), and (c) determine the etiologic overlap of these two resilience measures with major depressive disorder (MDD). RESULTS PR was modestly (11%) heritable. A moderate degree of genetic overlap (39%) and a nominal amount of environmental overlap (3%) were found between the two alternative measures of resilience. Genetic factors that influence PR accounted for 3% of MDD heritability, whereas 31% of MDD heritability was due to DBPR genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings of a higher genetic correlation between the outcome-based resilience measure and MDD compared to the trait-based measure and MDD suggest gene-finding efforts may benefit from considering the multifaceted nature of resilience and that resilience is best understood as both a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Erin D. Kurtz
- VISN 6 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC),Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Christina Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Ananda B. Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Psychological Resilience of Volunteers in a South African Health Care Context: A Salutogenic Approach and Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082922. [PMID: 32344504 PMCID: PMC7215793 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Volunteering in non-Western countries, such as South Africa, is subject to poor infrastructure, lack of resources, poverty-stricken conditions and often conducted by volunteers from lower socio-economic spheres of society. Sustaining the well-being of volunteers in this context is essential in ensuring their continued capacity to volunteer. To do so, it is important to understand the psychological resilience of these volunteers and the resistance resources they employ to positively adapt to their challenging work-life circumstances. The aim of this qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore volunteers’ psychological resilience from a salutogenic perspective. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight volunteers servicing government-run hospitals. Data were analysed through phenomenological hermeneutical analysis. Findings show a characteristic work-life orientation to be at the root of volunteers’ resilience. Their work-life orientation is based on a distinct inner drive, an other-directedness and a “calling” work orientation. It is proposed that this work-life orientation enables volunteers in this study context, to cope with and positively adapt to challenging work-life circumstances and continue volunteering. The elements of their work-life orientation are presented as intrapersonal strength resources fundamental to their psychological resilience. It is suggested that organisations invest in developmental interventions that endorse and promote these intrapersonal strengths.
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Danese A. Annual Research Review: Rethinking childhood trauma-new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:236-250. [PMID: 31762042 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long-term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross-sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre-trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Coping Strategies in Male Patients under Treatment for Substance Use Disorders and/or Severe Mental Illness: Influence in Clinical Course at One-Year Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111972. [PMID: 31739487 PMCID: PMC6912473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coping strategies have an impact on substance use disorders (SUD), relapses, and clinical variables, but knowledge on this area is scarce. We explored the coping strategies used during treatment in patients with dual diagnosis (DD), SUD, and severe mental illness (SMI), and the relation with clinical course and relapses at one-year follow-up. A sample of 223 patients was divided into three groups depending on diagnosis: DD (N = 80; SUD with comorbid schizophrenia or major depressive disorder), SUD only (N = 80), and SMI only (N = 63; schizophrenia or major depressive disorder). MANCOVA analyses reflected differences in self-criticism and problem avoidance, with a higher use of these in the DD and SUD groups. The coping strategies used differed depending on the presence/absence of a SUD, but not depending on psychiatric diagnosis. At one-year follow-up, social support was the only strategy that predicted the presence of relapses in DD patients with schizophrenia (positively), and in SMI patients with major depressive disorder (negatively). Thus, social support was associated with relapses, but the relationship was different depending on psychiatric diagnosis. Further studies should analyze the implications of social support as a coping strategy in different mental disorders, as well as its usefulness in individualized interventions.
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