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Gao S, Tan H, Gang J. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation through regulation of the Cell Cycle, AGE-RAGE, and Leptin signaling pathways by a compound formulation comprised of andrographolide, wogonin, and oroxylin A derived from Andrographis Paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118001. [PMID: 38467318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In 2020, liver cancer contributed to approximately 0.9 million new cases and 0.83 million deaths, making it the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN), a traditional Chinese or ethnic medicine extensively utilized in Asia, has been historically employed for treating hepatitis and liver cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism responsible for its therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify and replace the active components of APN on liver cancer, which is investigate the potential of a Multi-Component Chinese Medicine derived from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees(APN-MCCN) for the treatment of liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the TCMSP database and two liver cancer disease databases were utilized to optimize the chemical constituents of APN and the disease-related targets of liver cancer. The network was constructed using Cytoscape to visualize the relationships between them. Subsequently, the optimal combination of components in APN-MCCN for the treatment of liver cancer was determined using the contribution index method. HPLC analysis was performed to measure the content of each component. Pathway enrichment and gene annotation were conducted using the ClueGo plugin. In vivo efficacy was evaluated by transplanting S180 and H22 tumor-bearing mouse models. In vitro efficacy was determined through MTT assay, morphological observations, flow cytometry analysis, and scratch tests. Western blotting was used to validate the protein expression. The transfection techniques were employed to knockdown the expressions of key protein in different pathway. RESULTS We obtained 24 effective compounds, with andrographolide contributing 20.78%, wogonin contributing 41.85%, and oroxylin A contributing 30.26% to the overall composition. Based on the predicted enrichment degree and correlation with liver cancer, we identified a total of 27 pathways, among which the Leptin signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and Cell Cycle signaling pathway were selected for further investigation. The content of andrographolide, oroxylin A, and wogonin in APN was found to be 0.104%, 0.0024%, and 0.0052%, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that APN-MCCM significantly reduced tumor weight in S180 tumor-bearing mice and prolonged the survival time of H22 liver cancer-bearing mice. APN-MCCM exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of liver cancer cells while arresting them in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, APN-MCCM down-regulated the protein expression of NCOA1, PTPN1, and GSK3B in the Leptin signaling pathway, NOS2 and NOS3 in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, CCNA2, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK7 in the Cell Cycle signaling pathway. Additionally, it upregulated the protein phosphorylation of p-P38 and p-JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Knockout experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of APN-MCCM on liver cancer cell migration was prevented when the MAPK or NCOA1 genes were knocked out. Similarly, knocking out the CDK7 gene blocked the G2/M phase arrest induced by APN-MCCM in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS APN-MCCM, consisting of andrographolide, wogonin, and oroxylin A, exhibits inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation of liver cancer cells by targeting the cell cycle pathway. Additionally, it suppresses the migration of liver cancer cells through the AGE-RAGE and Leptin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medicine University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Gang
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li P, Wang T, Guo H, Liu Y, Zhao H, Ren T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zou M. Pramipexole improves depression-like behavior in diabetes mellitus with depression rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and preventing impaired neuroplasticity. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:586-596. [PMID: 38657764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with the occurrence and development of depression, and the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus with depression (DD) may further reduce patients' quality of life. Recent research indicates that dopamine receptors (DRs) play a crucial role in immune and metabolic regulation. Pramipexole (PPX), a D2/3R agonist, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of PPX on DM-induced depression are not clear at present. METHODS Depression, DM, and DD were induced in a rat model through a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with streptozotocin (STZ) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with solitary cage rearing. The pathogenesis of DD and the neuroprotective effects of DRs agonists were investigated using behavioral assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). RESULTS DD rats exhibited more severe dopaminergic, neuroinflammatory, and neuroplastic impairments and more pronounced depressive behaviors than rats with depression alone or DM. Our findings suggest that DRs agonists have significant therapeutic effects on DD rats and that PPX improved neuroplasticity and decreased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of DD rats while also promoting DG cell growth and differentiation, ultimately mitigating depression-like behaviors. LIMITATION Our study is based on a rat model. Further evidence is needed to determine whether the therapeutic effects of PPX apply to patients suffering from DD. CONCLUSIONS Neuroinflammation mediated by damage to the dopaminergic system is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of DD. We provide evidence that PPX has a neuroprotective effect on the hippocampus in DD rats and the mechanism may involve the inhibition of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by DRs to attenuate the neuroinflammatory response and neuroplasticity damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yingxi Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjuan Tang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Manshu Zou
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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Wronski ML, Bernardoni F, Bahnsen K, Seidel M, Arold D, Doose A, Steinhäuser JL, Borucki K, Breithaupt L, Lawson EA, Holsen LM, Weidner K, Roessner V, King JA, Plessow F, Ehrlich S. Dynamic Amygdala Nuclei Alterations in Relation to Weight Status in Anorexia Nervosa Are Mediated by Leptin. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:624-639. [PMID: 37797814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amygdaloid complex is a subcortical limbic group of distinct nuclei. In a previous patient-control study, differential amygdala nuclei alterations were found in acute anorexia nervosa (AN); rostral-medial nuclei involved in fear and reward processing were substantially reduced in volume and associated with hypoleptinemia, a key neuroendocrine characteristic of AN. Here, longitudinal amygdala nuclei alterations in AN were investigated in relation to weight status and their associations with leptin levels. METHOD T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were longitudinally processed with FreeSurfer. Amygdala nuclei volumes in young female patients with acute AN before and after short-term weight restoration (n = 110, >14% body mass index increase over 3 months) and female participants with a history of AN (n = 79, long-term [mean 5 years] weight recovered) were compared with female healthy control participants (n = 271) using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS Rostral-medially clustered amygdala nuclei volumes, accessory basal, cortical, medial nuclei, and corticoamygdaloid transition, increased during short-term weight restoration (Cohen's d range 0.18-0.30). However, volumetric normalization across nuclei was heterogeneous. Right cortical, medial nuclei, bilateral corticoamygdaloid transitions, and anterior amygdaloid areas were only partially normalized following short-term weight restoration. Right anterior amygdaloid area remained reduced after long-term weight recovery compared with control participants (d = 0.36). Leptin increase, accompanying short-term weight restoration, mediated the effect of weight gain on volumetric increase in left corticoamygdaloid transition and bilateral medial nuclei. CONCLUSION Rostral-medially clustered amygdala nuclei show pronounced volumetric increase but incomplete normalization in AN during and after short-term weight restoration. Leptin increase may be relevant for the recovery of specific amygdala nuclei in addition to nutritional rehabilitation, indicating links between amygdala substructure and leptin dynamics of potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance in AN. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY The amygdala plays a critical role in processing fearful and rewarding stimuli, and alterations in the amygdala are associated with anorexia nervosa. In this study, the authors measured amygdala nuclei volumes in female patients with acute anorexia nervosa undergoing weight-restoration treatment (n = 110), long-term weight-recovered individuals with anorexia (n = 79), and healthy control participants (n = 271). Structural magnetic resonance imaging revealed that volumes of specific nuclei, clustered in the rostral-medial amygdala, were substantially reduced in acute anorexia nervosa and only partially normalized following weight restoration treatment. Residual reductions in volume persisted even after long-term weight-recovery, compared to healthy control participants. Short-term weight restoration was associated with increases in the neurohormone leptin, and increasing leptin levels were found to mediate the positive impact of weight gain on increased amygdala volume over the treatment course. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louis Wronski
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Seidel
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominic Arold
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arne Doose
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas L Steinhäuser
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Patil R, Aswar U, Vyas N. Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105504. [PMID: 38354494 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cafeteria diet (CD) model for in-vivo studies mimics the western diet having imbalanced nutritional value, high caloric-density and palatability. Uncontrolled eating leads to the development of childhood obesity, poor self-esteem and depression due to its effects on brain development. Herbal supplements are novel inclusion in the management of obesity and mental well-being. Pterostilbene (PTE) found in blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, is known to prevent obesity in invivo models. Adolescent Swiss albino male mice were fed on CD for 70 days and the development of obesity was assessed by gain in body weight, abdominal circumference. Forced swim and tail suspension test confirmed depression in CD fed mice. Obesity induced depressed (OID) mice were treated with PTE (10, 20, 40 mg/kg), standard antiobesity drug cetilistat (10 mg/kg), antidepressant fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Post treatment, PTE-treated mice showed reduction in BW and depression-like behavior analysed using paradigms such as sucrose preference, open field, marble burying, and resident intruder test in comparison to the CD group. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme, inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB, IL-6, TNF α) and cortisol levels were mitigated by PTE. It also restored normal cellular architecture of the brain and adipose tissue and increased the Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1), leptin and ghrelin receptors gene expression in the brain. Thus, it can be concluded that PTE might have inhibited OID like behavior in mice via inhibition of IR, modulating neuroinflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and upregulating SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patil
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nishant Vyas
- Logical Life Sciences Private Limited, Pune, India
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Mishra BH, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Saarinen A, Viikari J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP. Identification of gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using whole blood transcriptome in the Young Finns Study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1345159. [PMID: 38726387 PMCID: PMC11079127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1345159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that cardiovascular health (CVH) is related to depression. We aimed to identify gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using the whole blood transcriptome. Materials and methods We analyzed human blood transcriptomic data to identify gene co-expression networks, termed gene modules, shared by Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II) scores and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics as markers of depression and cardiovascular health, respectively. The BDI-II scores were derived from Beck's Depression Inventory, a 21-item self-report inventory that measures the characteristics and symptoms of depression. CVH metrics were defined according to the American Heart Association criteria using seven indices: smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Joint association of the modules, identified with weighted co-expression analysis, as well as the member genes of the modules with the markers of depression and CVH were tested with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results We identified a gene module with 256 genes that were significantly correlated with both the BDI-II score and CVH metrics. Based on the MANOVA test results adjusted for age and sex, the module was associated with both depression and CVH markers. The three most significant member genes in the module were YOD1, RBX1, and LEPR. Genes in the module were enriched with biological pathways involved in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Conclusions The identified gene module and its members can provide new joint biomarkers for depression and CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki. Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Deng X, Lu S, Li Y, Fang X, Zhang R, Shen X, Du J, Xie S. Association between increased BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve male schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362674. [PMID: 38505798 PMCID: PMC10948420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although the adverse effects of obesity in schizophrenia are documented, there is limited research exists on the implications for untreated initial schizophrenia. Our investigation aimed to explore the connections between BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN)schizophrenia. Methods We enrolled 143 FEDN schizophrenia patients, and collected data on their body mass index, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. Cognitive function was measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Using correlation and regression analysis to assess the relationship between BMI and cognitive performance. Results The prevalence rate of overweight plus obesity in FEDN schizophrenia patients was 33.57%. Patients with FEDN schizophrenia exhibited extensive cognitive impairment, and those who were overweight/obesity demonstrated more severe impairments in working memory and visual learning when compared to normal/under weight counterparts. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between working memory and BMI and TG, as well as a link between visual learning and BMI and LDL-C. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher BMI predicted a decrease in working memory in FEDN schizophrenia patients. Conclusion Our results indicate that the rate of overweight plus obesity is high in FEDN schizophrenia patients, and there is an association between BMI and cognitive function in schizophrenia, particularly in relation to working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinglun Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bahnsen K, Wronski ML, Keeler JL, King JA, Preusker Q, Kolb T, Weidner K, Roessner V, Bernardoni F, Ehrlich S. Differential longitudinal changes of hippocampal subfields in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:186-196. [PMID: 38018338 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder characterized by dietary restriction, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Recent studies indicate that the hippocampus, crucial for learning and memory, may be affected in AN, yet subfield-specific effects remain unclear. We investigated hippocampal subfield alterations in acute AN, changes following weight restoration, and their associations with leptin levels. METHODS T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were processed using FreeSurfer. We compared 22 left and right hemispheric hippocampal subfield volumes cross-sectionally and longitudinally in females with acute AN (n = 165 at baseline, n = 110 after partial weight restoration), healthy female controls (HCs; n = 271), and females after long-term recovery from AN (n = 79) using linear models. RESULTS We found that most hippocampal subfield volumes were significantly reduced in patients with AN compared with HCs (~-3.9%). Certain areas such as the subiculum exhibited no significant reduction in the acute state of AN, while other areas, such as the hippocampal tail, showed strong decreases (~-9%). Following short-term weight recovery, most subfields increased in volume. Comparisons between participants after long-term weight-recovery and HC yielded no differences. The hippocampal tail volume was positively associated with leptin levels in AN independent of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of differential volumetric differences in hippocampal subfields between individuals with AN and HC and almost complete normalization after weight rehabilitation. These alterations are spatially inhomogeneous and more pronounced compared with other major mental disorders (e.g. major depressive disorder and schizophrenia). We provide novel insights linking hypoleptinemia to hippocampal subfield alterations hinting towards clinical relevance of leptin normalization in AN recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Bahnsen
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Louis Wronski
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Louise Keeler
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph A King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Quirina Preusker
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Kolb
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Małujło-Balcerska E, Pietras T. Adipocytokines levels as potential biomarkers for discriminating patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder from healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:163-170. [PMID: 38290234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorder is a complex mental health condition in which the etiopathogenesis involves several factors. Suitable biomarkers for the development of depression have not yet been established. Alterations in cytokines are assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. Adipokines (also known as adipocytokines) are important factors that not only regulate the energy balance but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, and fetuin A and the possible role of these adipokines in depressive disorder. METHODS We recruited a total of 73 patients diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Serum adipocytokines were determined using ELISA kits (R&D, USA). The serum levels of the investigated molecules between depressive patients and HCs were compared, and diagnostic values were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method for discriminating depressive patients from HCs. Correlations between the molecules and clinical variables were also evaluated. RESULTS Patients with rDD had lower levels of serum adiponectin and chemerin and higher levels of serum leptin, resistin and fetuin A (p < 0.05) vs. controls. Moreover, ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of above set of adipocytkines were >0.7, with a sensitivity and specificity over 80% in discriminating patients with rDD from HCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that circulating adipocytokies may hold promise as biomarkers for the diagnosis of rDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Poland; Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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Ding K, Wang F, Wang K, Feng X, Yang M, Han B, Li G, Li S. Environmental stress during adolescence promotes depression-like behavior and endocrine abnormalities in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114710. [PMID: 37832605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of environmental stress (ES) during adolescence on depression-like behaviors and endocrinology in rats. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats before or during puberty were divided into three groups: control group (CON), low-frequency ES group (LF), and high-frequency ES group (HF). ES included water/food deprivation and reversal of day and night. After 4 weeks of ES, the behavioral tests were performed. Plasma concentrations of hormones and peptides were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS ES induced a significant decrease in sucrose preference value in female adolescent rats but not males. In prepubertal rats, the reductions in sucrose preference upon ES were observed without a sex-specific effect. Compared with the CON group, female adolescent rats showed a significant increase, while male adolescent rats showed a significant decrease in plasma corticosterone (CORT) after ES. Also, ES significantly increased plasma leptin in female and male adolescent rats. Moreover, ES significantly increased plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and testosterone (TS) levels in adolescent female rats but not in males. No significant differences were found in plasma progesterone and E2 among adolescent rats. The prepubertal male rats showed significant plasma E2 and TS increase after ES, while there were no significant differences between groups in plasma CORT, leptin, CCK, NPY, and progesterone. CONCLUSIONS ES may cause depression-like behaviors in adolescent female rats. Our findings supplement the scientific basis for formulating strategies to treat and prevent adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuezhu Feng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Yang
- Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10 Changjiang Branch Road, Daping, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bai Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guohai Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China.
| | - Suxia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lan X, Liu H, Wang C, Li W, Zhang F, Hu Z, Chen X, You Z, Ning Y, Zhou Y. Sex differences in the effects of repeated ketamine infusions on bone markers in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:12. [PMID: 38287453 PMCID: PMC10826032 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with depression, especially women, are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Traditional antidepressants are associated with negative effects on BMD. Few studies have examined the effect of ketamine on BMD, and it remains unclear whether there are sex differences in the effects of ketamine on BMD in patients with depression. METHODS A total of 102 patients with unipolar and bipolar depression were administered six infusions of intravenous ketamine over a 12-day period. Plasma levels of eight bone markers were examined at baseline, 24 h after the sixth infusion and again 2 weeks (Days 13 and 26). RESULTS Linear mixed models showed all bone markers had significant time main effect (all p < 0.05). Compared with baseline, the whole sample showed increased levels of leptin and osteoprotegerin at Days 13 and 26, as well as Dickkopf-related protein 1 at Day 13, and decreased levels of osteocalcin, sclerostin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 at Days 13 and 26 (all p < 0.05). Females had a higher level of leptin at Days 13 and 26, and lower levels of osteocalcin and sclerostin at Day 13 than males (all p < 0.05). Increases of leptin were associated with depressive symptom improvements at Day 13 and Day 26 in females (both p < 0.05). In males, higher baseline osteocalcin levels were associated with greater depressive symptom improvement at Day 26 (β = 0.414, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that repeated ketamine infusions may be associated with modulation of bone markers in patients with depression and present sex differences. Baseline osteocalcin level may be served as a predictor for the antidepressant effects of ketamine in males. Trial registration Data were derived from an open label clinical trial, which was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-OOC-17012239). Registered 26 May 2017. http://www.chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Zhibo Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Zerui You
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Department of Psychology, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Mingxin Road #36, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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Mohd Tamil A, Ismail NH, Jaafar MH, Md Isa Z, Ismail R, Mat Nasir N, Miskan M, Zainol Abidin N, Ab Razak NH, Joundi R, Yusof KH. Depressive symptoms among adults: Baseline findings of PURE Malaysia cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23042. [PMID: 38192831 PMCID: PMC10772557 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Malaysia, the prevalence of depression has increased from 1.8 % to 2.3 % within a decade. Thus, this study was performed to identify depressive symptoms and its associated factors among Malaysian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult population aged 35-70 residing in rural and urban areas in Malaysia. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short form Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the associated factors related to depressive symptoms. Results About 3.7 % (95 % CI: 2.33-4.83) of the respondents reported having depressive symptoms. Younger adults aged 35-40 years old (AOR: 3.087; 95 % CI: 2.021-4.717), females (AOR: 2.318; 95 % CI: 1.669-3.219), widows and divorcees (AOR: 2.294; 95 % CI: 1.085-4.848), smokers (AOR: 1.843; 95 % CI: 1.334-2.545) and alcohol consumers (AOR: 1.843; 95 % CI: 1.264-2.688) showed a higher odds compared to their other counterparts. Underweight individuals (AOR: 1.899; 95 % CI: 1.177-3.065) and those diagnosed either with hypertension (AOR: 1.442; 95 % CI: 1.11-1.873), diabetes (AOR: 1.554; 95 % CI: 1.133-2.13), angina (AOR: 2.73; 95 % CI: 1.596-4.67), COPD (AOR: 4.187; 95 % CI: 1.528-11.472) or asthma (AOR: 1.906; 95 % CI: 1.309-2.774) were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Additionally, individuals with difficulty trusting people (AOR: 1.477; 95 % CI: 1.024-2.13) and those reported to experience either home or work-related stress (AOR: 2.584; 95 % CI: 2.003-3.331) were more prone to have depressive symptoms. Conclusion In this broad population-based study, about 3.7 % (95 % CI: 2.33-4.83) of respondents reported having depressive symptoms. Timely and well targeted collaborative intervention on the identified risk factors by the relevant authorities, would mitigate their effect on the quality of life and retard the progression into depression, especially among younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Mohd Tamil
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hassim Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasni Jaafar
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nafiza Mat Nasir
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor Branch, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatullifah Miskan
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Zainol Abidin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raed Joundi
- Division of Neurology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University and Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Khairul Hazdi Yusof
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Wang W, Ling B, Zhao H, He J, Xu H, Lv J, Wang Q. Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression after labor analgesia and potential mechanisms: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38166663 PMCID: PMC10759400 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of esketamine combined with ropivacaine hydrochloride on the occurrence of postpartum depression (PPD) after labor analgesia under epidural analgesia pump and explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 120 women aged 24 to 36 years old who underwent labor analgesia by epidural analgesia pump, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II were enrolled. According to the formula of epidural analgesia pump, all participants were randomly divided into two groups: esketamine group (Group E) and control group (Group C). Epidural anaesthesia were operated in all women between L2 and L3 after cervical dilation up to 2 ~ 3 cm. After successful puncture, the epidural catheter was placed 3.5 cm toward the head and 1% lidocaine was injected for 3 ml. The epidural analgesia pump was connected. Esketamine (0.2 mg/kg) combined with 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride (20 ml) were diluted by normal saline up to 100 ml in Group E, when only the equal dose of ropivacaine hydrochloride was used in Group C. The visual analogue scale (VAS) before analgesia (T1), 5 (T2), 10 (T3) and 20 (T4) minutes after analgesia were measured. The duration of the first and second stage of labor, the Apgar score of fetus at delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, consumption of esketamine and ropivacaine were recorded. The incidence of PPD was recorded at 1 week and 6 weeks after delivering. The occurrence of side effects such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and nightmares were also recorded for 48 h after delivering. The levels of leptin, norepinephrine(NE), and epinephrine(E) in the peripheral venous blood were measured before labor analgesia and at 24 h, 1 week, and 6 weeks after delivering. RESULTS Compared with Group C, the VAS score at T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower in Group E (P < 0.01). Compared with Group C, the incidence of PPD was significantly lower at 1 week and 6 weeks after delivering in Group E (P < 0.01). Compared with Group C, the levels of leptin were significantly higher at 24 h and 1 week after delivering in Group E (P < 0.01), while NE and E (P < 0.01) were lower at the same time (P < 0.01). There were no significant difference of the duration of the first and second stage of labor, the Apgar score of fetus at delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, consumption of ropivacaine and the side effects for 48 h after delivering between the two groups. CONCLUSION Esketamine combined with ropivacaine hydrochloride used in labor analgesia can significantly reduce the incidence of postpartum depression after delivering without increasing related side effects, which may be related to the regulation of leptin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the serum. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 30/05/2022 (CTRI registration number-ChiCTR2200060387). URL of registry: https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/home .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and obstetrics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nangjing, 211100, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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13
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Sun X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiao F, Guo H, Liu X. Correlation analysis between per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and depressive symptoms in adults: NHANES 2005-2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167639. [PMID: 37813256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive exposure to per and poly-fluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS) can lead to various negative health effects. However, there's a lack of research studying the link between PFAS exposure and depression in adults, and the existing findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES Utilizing data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning 2005 to 2018, this study aimed to examine the potential connection between PFAS exposure and depressive symptoms in adults. METHODS The correlation between individual PFAS exposure and depressive symptoms was examined through the establishment of weighted logistic regression models (crude model, model 1, model 2) and restricted cubic spline models. To verify the stability of the model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the logistic regression model were generated, and a ten-fold cross-validation model was employed. Additionally, the relationship between adult depressive symptoms and mixed PFAS exposure was tested through the utilization of quantile g-computation (qgcomp). RESULTS The findings revealed that heightened exposure levels to PFOA, PFHxS, and PFUnDA, were connected with a diminished risk of depressive symptoms in adults (ORPFOA: 0.67, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.95; ORPFHxS: 0.66, 95 %CI: 0.49, 0.89; ORPFUnDA: 0.65, 95 %CI: 0.45, 0.96). PFOS, PFHxS, and PFDA demonstrated a dose-response relationship with the risk of depressive symptoms. The ROC curve indicated model stability, with recognition accuracy exceeding 90 % in the cross-validation model. The outcomes of qgcomp demonstrated that an increase in serum PFAS concentration was linked to a decreased risk of depressive symptoms in adults (OR: 0.85, 95 %CI: 0.75, 0.96). DISCUSSION Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, it's important to acknowledge the potential for reverse causality between PFAS exposure and depressive symptoms. As a result, the outcomes should not be oversimplified to interpret PFAS exposure as a protective factor against adult depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xupu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, PR China.
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14
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Réus GZ, Recco KCC, Machado KMSH, Silva RH, Arent CO, Amboni G, Niero FS, Pedro LC, Borba LA, Bagatini MD, de Oliveira GG, da Silva AP, Mingoti MED, Ignácio ZM, Gava FF, Petronilho F, Quevedo J, Ceretta LB, de Azevedo Cardoso T. COVID-19, Anxiety, and Body Mass Index Increase Leptin Levels: a Cross-sectional Multicentric Study. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03788-9. [PMID: 38123701 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19, critical gaps remain to be explored. This study aimed to investigate potential alterations in adipokine levels (specifically adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) among individuals with COVID-19. Within this population, we further assessed the association between these markers with both, body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric symptoms. This cross-sectional study included an age- and sex-matched sample of adults with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls). We evaluated the severity of psychiatric symptoms, BMI, and adipokines. Individuals with COVID-19 presented greater BMI, stress levels, and leptin levels when compared to controls. Leptin levels were greater in individuals with moderate/severe COVID-19 as compared to individuals with COVID-19 who were asymptomatic or having mild symptoms. Leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI, severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and stress levels in the total sample. Leptin levels were also positively correlated with BMI, severity of anxiety symptoms, and stress levels in controls. In cases, there was a positive correlation between adiponectin and the severity of depressive symptoms and stress levels and leptin/resistin with BMI. A linear regression model revealed that BMI, severity of anxiety symptoms, and the diagnosis of COVID-19 are independently associated with increased leptin levels. Thus, leptin levels seem to be impacted by the COVID-19 infection, anxiety, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Kelen C C Recco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Karynne M S H Machado
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ritele H Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Graziela Amboni
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Niero
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pedro
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Laura A Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alana Patrícia da Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli Eduarda D Mingoti
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luciane B Ceretta
- Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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15
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Heinen D, Heissel A, Heinzel S, Fydrich T, Ströhle A, Rapp MA, Vogel H. Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2509. [PMID: 38098007 PMCID: PMC10722655 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels. METHODS Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period. RESULTS Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels. CONCLUSION Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Heinen
- Social- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Heissel
- Social- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-Faculty Unit Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and E-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Sport-Gesundheitspark Berlin E.V./Zentrum Für Sportmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Fydrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Social- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-Faculty Unit Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and E-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Research Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- Research Group Genetics of Obesity, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Potsdam, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, 85764, München, Germany.
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Wang J, Sun L, You J, Peng H, Yan H, Wang J, Sun F, Cui M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Fan X, Liu D, Liu C, Qiu C, Chen C, Xu Z, Chen J, Li W, Liu B. Role and mechanism of PVN-sympathetic-adipose circuit in depression and insulin resistance induced by chronic stress. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57176. [PMID: 37870400 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces depression and insulin resistance, between which there is a bidirectional relationship. However, the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain unclear. White adipose tissue (WAT), innervated by sympathetic nerves, serves as a central node in the interorgan crosstalk through adipokines. Abnormal secretion of adipokines is involved in mood disorders and metabolic morbidities. We describe here a brain-sympathetic nerve-adipose circuit originating in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with a role in depression and insulin resistance induced by chronic stress. PVN neurons are labelled after inoculation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into WAT and are activated under restraint stress. Chemogenetic manipulations suggest a role for the PVN in depression and insulin resistance. Chronic stress increases the sympathetic innervation of WAT and downregulates several antidepressant and insulin-sensitizing adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, Angptl4 and Sfrp5. Chronic activation of the PVN has similar effects. β-adrenergic receptors translate sympathetic tone into an adipose response, inducing downregulation of those adipokines and depressive-like behaviours and insulin resistance. We finally show that AP-1 has a role in the regulation of adipokine expression under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Linshan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jingjing You
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Honghai Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Fengjiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Sanwang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Binzhou Youfu Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Dunjiang Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Changyun Qiu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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17
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McNaughton BA, Burrows K, Choquette E, Poplin T, Kuplicki R, Paulus MP, Ironside M, Stewart JL. Impaired eating behaviors but intact metabolic hormone levels in individuals with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:193-203. [PMID: 37918032 PMCID: PMC10842703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) contribute significantly to global health burdens. Identifying disease markers for these comorbid disorders can increase understanding of pathogenesis and improve screening and intervention strategies. This study examined the association of physical health factors with MDD and MDD + GAD, across sexes. METHODS Two samples of participants from the Tulsa-1000 study (exploratory cohort: N = 136; confirmatory cohort: N = 185) completed body composition measurements, eating behavior (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ], Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale [EDDS]), exercise questionnaires, and a blood draw. Metabolic hormone concentrations (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) were analyzed from blood samples. Within each cohort, a two-way analysis of variance compared three groups (MDD, MDD + GAD, and healthy controls [HC]), sex, and their interaction on dependent variables. Hedges g was calculated to reflect effect size magnitude. RESULTS Medium-to-large group main effects across cohorts indicated that compared to HC: (1) MDD (g = 1.71/0.57) and MDD + GAD (g = 0.93/0.69) reported higher TFEQ Disinhibition scores; (2) MDD endorsed higher TFEQ Hunger scores (g = 0.66/0.48); and (3) MDD (g = 1.60/1.30) and MDD + GAD (g = 0.92/1.72) reported greater EDDS scores. Large sex main effects across cohorts indicated that females exhibited higher levels than males for percent body fat (g = 1.07/1.17), leptin (g = 1.27/1.12), and adiponectin (g=0.82/0.88). LIMITATIONS The power to detect group*sex interactions was limited due to a greater number of females (than males) in the study, and over half of clinical participants were taking medications. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with MDD and MDD + GAD demonstrate difficulties in regulating eating behaviors, potentially contributing to functional impairment and increased disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tate Poplin
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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18
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Ansarin A, Mahdavi AM, Javadivala Z, Shanehbandi D, Zarredar H, Ansarin K. The cross-talk between leptin and circadian rhythm signaling proteins in physiological processes: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10427-10443. [PMID: 37874505 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, modern lifestyles and disrupted sleep patterns cause circadian clock rhythm impairments that are associated with altered leptin levels, which subsequently affect a wide range of physiological processes and have significant health burdens on societies. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic review of circadian clock genes and proteins, leptin, and related signaling pathways. METHODS Accordingly, we systematically reviewed circadian clock proteins, leptin, and molecular mechanisms between them by searching Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar until September 2022. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 animal studies were selected. The risk of bias was assessed in each study. RESULTS The results clarified the reciprocal interconnected relationship between circadian clock genes and leptin. Circadian clock genes regulate leptin expression and signaling via different mechanisms, such as CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers, which increase the expression of PPARs. PPARs induce the expression of C/EBPα, a key factor in upregulating leptin expression. CLOCK-BMAL1 also induces the expression of Per1 and Rev-erb genes. PER1 activates mTORC1 and mTORC1 enhances the expression of C/EBPα. In addition, REV-ERBs activate the leptin signaling pathway. Also, leptin controls the expression of circadian clock genes by triggering the AMPK and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, which regulate the activity of PPARs. Moreover, the roles of these molecular mechanisms are elucidated in different physiological processes and organs. CONCLUSIONS Crosstalk between circadian clock genes and leptin and their affecting elements should be considered in the selection of new therapeutic targets for related disorders, especially obesity and metabolic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pashmineh Research Complex, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box: 5448151429, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pashmineh Research Complex, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box: 5448151429, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pashmineh Research Complex, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box: 5448151429, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Pashmineh Research Complex, Daneshgah Street, P.O. Box: 5448151429, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Kokkorakis M, Katsarou A, Katsiki N, Mantzoros CS. Milestones in the journey towards addressing obesity; Past trials and triumphs, recent breakthroughs, and an exciting future in the era of emerging effective medical therapies and integration of effective medical therapies with metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2023; 148:155689. [PMID: 37689110 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by an increasing incidence and prevalence of obesity and the burden of its associated comorbidities, especially cardiometabolic diseases, which are reaching pandemic proportions. In the late '90s, the "black box" of adipose tissue and energy homeostasis was opened with the discovery of leptin, transforming the adipose tissue from an "inert fat-storage organ" to the largest human endocrine organ and creating the basis on which more intensified research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity and develop novel treatments were based upon. Even though leptin was eventually not proven to be the "standalone magic bullet" for the treatment of common/polygenic obesity, it has been successful in the treatment of monogenic obesity syndromes. Additionally, it shifted the paradigm of treating obesity from a condition due to "lack of willpower" to a disease due to distinct underlying biological mechanisms for which specific pharmacotherapies would be needed in addition to lifestyle modification. Subsequently, the melanocortin pathway proved to be an equally valuable pathway for the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Melanocortin receptor agonists have recently been approved for treating certain types of syndromic obesity. Other molecules- such as incretins, implicated in energy and glucose homeostasis- are secreted by the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is the most prominent one, with GLP-1 analogs approved for common/polygenic obesity. Unimolecular combinations with other incretins, e.g., GLP-1 with gastric inhibitory polypeptide and/or glucagon, are expected to be approved soon as more effective pharmacotherapies for obesity and its comorbidities. Unimolecular combinations with other compounds and small molecules activating the receptors of these molecules are currently under investigation as promising future pharmacotherapies. Moreover, metabolic and bariatric surgery has also demonstrated impressive results, especially in the case of morbid obesity. Consequently, this broadening therapeutic armamentarium calls for a well-thought-after and well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach, for instance, through cardiometabolic expertise centers, that would ideally address effectively and cost-effectively obesity and its comorbidities, providing tangible benefits to large segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Wronski ML, Geisler D, Bernardoni F, Seidel M, Bahnsen K, Doose A, Steinhäuser JL, Gronow F, Böldt LV, Plessow F, Lawson EA, King JA, Roessner V, Ehrlich S. Differential alterations of amygdala nuclei volumes in acutely ill patients with anorexia nervosa and their associations with leptin levels. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6288-6303. [PMID: 36464660 PMCID: PMC10358440 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amygdala is a subcortical limbic structure consisting of histologically and functionally distinct subregions. New automated structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation tools facilitate the in vivo study of individual amygdala nuclei in clinical populations such as patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) who show symptoms indicative of limbic dysregulation. This study is the first to investigate amygdala nuclei volumes in AN, their relationships with leptin, a key indicator of AN-related neuroendocrine alterations, and further clinical measures. METHODS T1-weighted MRI scans were subsegmented and multi-stage quality controlled using FreeSurfer. Left/right hemispheric amygdala nuclei volumes were cross-sectionally compared between females with AN (n = 168, 12-29 years) and age-matched healthy females (n = 168) applying general linear models. Associations with plasma leptin, body mass index (BMI), illness duration, and psychiatric symptoms were analyzed via robust linear regression. RESULTS Globally, most amygdala nuclei volumes in both hemispheres were reduced in AN v. healthy control participants. Importantly, four specific nuclei (accessory basal, cortical, medial nuclei, corticoamygdaloid transition in the rostral-medial amygdala) showed greater volumetric reduction even relative to reductions of whole amygdala and total subcortical gray matter volumes, whereas basal, lateral, and paralaminar nuclei were less reduced. All rostral-medially clustered nuclei were positively associated with leptin in AN independent of BMI. Amygdala nuclei volumes were not associated with illness duration or psychiatric symptom severity in AN. CONCLUSIONS In AN, amygdala nuclei are altered to different degrees. Severe volume loss in rostral-medially clustered nuclei, collectively involved in olfactory/food-related reward processing, may represent a structural correlate of AN-related symptoms. Hypoleptinemia might be linked to rostral-medial amygdala alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louis Wronski
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Bernardoni
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Seidel
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arne Doose
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas L. Steinhäuser
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Gronow
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa V. Böldt
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph A. King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Burrows K, McNaughton BA, Figueroa-Hall LK, Spechler PA, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Aupperle R, Khalsa SS, Savitz JB, Teague TK, Paulus MP, Stewart JL. Elevated serum leptin is associated with attenuated reward anticipation in major depressive disorder independent of peripheral C-reactive protein levels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11313. [PMID: 37443383 PMCID: PMC10344903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with immunologic and metabolic alterations linked to central processing dysfunctions, including attenuated reward processing. This study investigated the associations between inflammation, metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, adiponectin), and reward-related brain processing in MDD patients with high (MDD-High) and low (MDD-Low) C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to healthy comparison subjects (HC). Participants completed a blood draw and a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although groups did not differ in insulin or adiponectin concentrations, both MDD-High (Wilcoxon p = 0.004, d = 0.65) and MDD-Low (Wilcoxon p = 0.046, d = 0.53) showed higher leptin concentrations than HC but did not differ from each other. Across MDD participants, higher leptin levels were associated with lower brain activation during reward anticipation in the left insula (r = - 0.30, p = 0.004) and left dorsolateral putamen (r = -- 0.24, p = 0.025). In contrast, within HC, higher leptin concentrations were associated with higher activation during reward anticipation in the same regions (insula: r = 0.40, p = 0.007; putamen: r = 0.37, p = 0.014). Depression may be characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory signaling via leptin concentrations through alternate inflammatory pathways distinct to CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Burrows
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.
| | - Breanna A McNaughton
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Leandra K Figueroa-Hall
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Philip A Spechler
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Robin Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, School of Community Medicine, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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22
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Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Association of reduced serum EGF and leptin levels with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288159. [PMID: 37399205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous mental disorder having a very diverse course and causing a significant changes in daily life. Though the exact pathophysiology of depression is still not known, an alteration in the serum levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors was seen in MDD subjects. In this study, we compared the serum levels of 'pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin and neurotrophic factor EGF' in healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients. To make the findings more accurate, we eventually looked for a correlation between altered serum leptin and EGF levels and the severity of the disease condition. METHODS For this case-control study, about 205 MDD patients were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, and about 195 HCs were enrolled from various parts of Dhaka. The DSM-5 was utilized to evaluate and diagnose the participants. The HAM-D 17 scale was used to measure the severity of depression. After collecting blood samples, they were centrifuged to produce clear serum samples. These serum samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure serum leptin and EGF levels. RESULTS We observed lowered serum EGF levels in MDD patients compared to HCs (524.70 ± 27.25 pg/ml vs. 672.52 ± 49.64 pg/ml, p = 0.009), and HAM-D score was elevated in MDD patients compared to HCs (17.17 ± 0.56 vs. 2.49 ± 0.43, p<0.001). But no correlation was established between serum EGF levels and the severity of depression. However, no significant differences were observed between MDD patients and HCs in the case of serum leptin levels (p = 0.231). CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that reduced serum EGF levels have an impact on the pathogenesis of depression. But as per our investigation, the severity of depression is not correlated with altered EGF levels. Our findings regarding the association of EGF with MDD would help to use EGF as a risk indicator of depression. We suggest further clinical investigations to determine the precise function of leptin and EGF in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M M A Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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23
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Fu X, Wang Y, Zhao F, Cui R, Xie W, Liu Q, Yang W. Shared biological mechanisms of depression and obesity: focus on adipokines and lipokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5917-5950. [PMID: 37387537 PMCID: PMC10333059 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression and obesity are both common disorders currently affecting public health, frequently occurring simultaneously within individuals, and the relationship between these disorders is bidirectional. The association between obesity and depression is highly co-morbid and tends to significantly exacerbate metabolic and related depressive symptoms. However, the neural mechanism under the mutual control of obesity and depression is largely inscrutable. This review focuses particularly on alterations in systems that may mechanistically explain the in vivo homeostatic regulation of the obesity and depression link, such as immune-inflammatory activation, gut microbiota, neuroplasticity, HPA axis dysregulation as well as neuroendocrine regulators of energy metabolism including adipocytokines and lipokines. In addition, the review summarizes potential and future treatments for obesity and depression and raises several questions that need to be answered in future research. This review will provide a comprehensive description and localization of the biological connection between obesity and depression to better understand the co-morbidity of obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
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Gorska-Ciebiada M, Ciebiada M. Association between Serum Irisin and Leptin Levels and Risk of Depressive Symptoms in the Diabetic Elderly Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4283. [PMID: 37445318 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and depression. The associations of serum levels of leptin and irisin with depressive symptoms were investigated in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS 189 elderly diabetics were assessed with the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and 57 patients with depressive symptoms and 132 controls were selected. Blood biochemical parameters, including serum irisin and leptin, were measured. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were decreased and leptin concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM patients with depressive symptoms compared to controls. In all subjects, the irisin level was inversely correlated with the leptin level and the GDS-30 score, whereas the leptin level was highly correlated with BMI and the GDS-30 score. Higher levels of leptin and lower concentrations of irisin are, among other factors, variables indicative of predictive capacity for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that irisin and leptin levels may be used as diagnostic markers of depressive symptoms in diabetic, elderly patients and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment. Further prospective and more extensive studies are needed to clarify the role of these adipokines in the common pathogenesis of depression and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Ciebiada
- Department of General and Oncological Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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25
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Borovcanin MM, Vesic K, Petrovic I, Jovanovic IP, Mijailović NR. Diabetes mellitus type 2 as an underlying, comorbid or consequent state of mental disorders. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:481-493. [PMID: 37273248 PMCID: PMC10236997 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic disturbances that occur in parallel with psychiatric diseases are a major challenge in clinical practice. Various factors contribute to the development of mental and somatic disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes in adults is increasing. The comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders is very common. By sharing a bidirectional link, both T2DM and mental disorders influence each other in various manners, but the exact mechanisms underlying this link are not yet elucidated. The potential mechanisms of both mental disorders and T2DM are related to immune and inflammatory system dysfunction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. Moreover, diabetes is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction that can range from subtle diabetes-associated cognitive decline to pre-dementia and dementia. A complex re-lationship between the gut and the brain also represents a new therapeutic approach since gut-brain signalling pathways regulate food intake and hepatic glucose production. The aim of this minireview is to summarize and present the latest data on mutual pathogenic pathways in these disorders, emphasizing their complexity and interweaving. We also focused on the cognitive performances and changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The importance of implementing integrated approaches in treating both of these states is highlighted, along with the need for individual therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nataša R Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
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26
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Křenek P, Hořínková J, Bartečků E. Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Subtypes and Core Features of Depression: A Systematized Review. Psychopathology 2023; 56:403-416. [PMID: 36812905 PMCID: PMC10568602 DOI: 10.1159/000528907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to summarize relationships between two subtypes of major depressive disorder (melancholic and atypical) and four core features of depression that reflect the domains identified consistently in previous studies of major depressive disorder endophenotypes (exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, cognitive control deficits, and somatic symptoms) on the one hand and selected peripheral inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], cytokines, and adipokines) on the other. METHODS A systematized review was conducted. The database used for searching articles was PubMed (MEDLINE). RESULTS According to our search, most peripheral immunological markers associated with major depressive disorder are not specific to a single depressive symptom group. The most evident examples are CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. The strongest evidence supports the connection of peripheral inflammatory markers with somatic symptoms; weaker evidence indicates a role of immune changes in altered reward processing. The least amount of evidence was found for the role of peripheral inflammatory markers in exaggerated reactivity to negative information and cognitive control deficits. Regarding the depression subtypes, a tendency for higher CRP and adipokines was observed in atypical depression; increased IL-6 was found in melancholic depression. CONCLUSION Somatic symptoms of depression could be a manifestation of a specific immunological endophenotype of depressive disorder. Melancholic and atypical depression may be characterized by different profiles of immunological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Křenek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia,
| | - Jana Hořínková
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Elis Bartečků
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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27
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Psychiatric Disorders and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence-A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020285. [PMID: 36832413 PMCID: PMC9955505 DOI: 10.3390/children10020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and psychiatric disorders have high prevalence and are both considered major health problems. Within the last decades, the rates of obesity have risen over 6%, while the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is over 12% for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence regarding the relation of obesity and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. This review, based on the PRISMA guidelines, included cross-sectional studies published within the last decade, pertaining to the relation between psychiatric disorders and obesity in children and adolescents up to the age of 19 years. Studies on eating disorders were excluded. A total of 14 studies of 23,442 children and adolescents that investigated the relation of obesity with anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis were included in this systematic review. Nine of the included studies reported a significant relationship between the psychiatric disorder under investigation and obesity. Understanding the nexus between obesity and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is of great importance, given the alarming increase in both conditions in youth. Such findings could facilitate the development and implementation of targeted interventions.
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28
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Hypertension and Low Body Weight Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms Only in Females: Findings from the Shika Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12110413. [PMID: 36354390 PMCID: PMC9687659 DOI: 10.3390/bs12110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between hypertension and depression is influenced by several physiological factors, including body weight and other lifestyle factors, such as eating behavior, the specific involvement of depression in hypertension remains unclear. Therefore, this epidemiological study examined the role of body weight in the relationship between hypertension and depressive symptoms among the middle-aged and elderly living in the community of Shika town. In total, 1141 males and 1142 females with mean ages of 69.09 and 70.61 years, respectively, participated this study. Physiological factors, including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle, were investigated in a medical check-up in Shika town. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS-15). A two-way analysis of covariance exhibited a significant interaction between the two hypertensive groups and body size groups on GDS in females. The post hoc Bonferroni method showed that in the hypertensive groups, GDS was significantly higher in the underweight group (BMI < 18.5) than in the standard/overweight group; however, this relationship was not observed in the no-hypertensive groups. Multiple regression analysis also verified this relationship. Therefore, it is suggested that the combination of hypertension and being underweight is associated with depressive symptoms only in females.
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29
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Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Colonic Fibrosis in Rats with Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Inhibiting the Leptin/LepRb Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6010858. [PMID: 36225193 PMCID: PMC9550452 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6010858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with immune dysregulation and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Through traditional medicine, the active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix called paeoniflorin (PF) was previously found to prevent the symptoms of PI-IBS. However, there is limited information on the effects of PF on intestinal function and depression- and anxiety-like symptoms in PI-IBS animal models. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of PF treatment on the symptoms of PI-IBS in a rat model. The PI-IBS rat model was established via early postnatal sibling deprivation (EPSD), trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation and then treated with different dosages of PF (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and leptin (1 and 10 mg/kg). The fecal water content and body weight were measured to evaluate the intestinal function, while the two-bottle test for sucrose intake, open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze test (EMT) were performed to assess behavioral changes. The serum leptin levels were also measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the expressions of leptin and its receptor, LepRb, were detected in colonic mucosal tissues through an immunohistochemical assay. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also detected via western blotting. After the experimental period, the PI-IBS rats presented decreased body weight and increased fecal water content, which coincided with elevated leptin levels and heightened depression- and anxiety-like behaviors (e.g., low sucrose intake, less frequency in the center areas during OFT, and fewer activities in the open arms during EMT). However, the PF treatment ameliorated these observed symptoms. Furthermore, PF not only inhibited leptin/LepRb expression but also reduced the PI3K/AKT phosphorylation and BDNF expression in PI-IBS rats. Notably, cotreatment with leptin (10 mg/kg) reduced the effects of PF (20 mg/kg) on colonic fibrosis, leptin/LepRb expression, and PI3K/AKT activation. Therefore, our findings suggest that leptin is targeted by PF via the leptin/LepRb pathway, consequently ameliorating the symptoms of PI-IBS. Our study also contributes novel insights for elucidating the pharmacological action of PF on gastrointestinal disorders and may be used for the clinical treatment of PI-IBS in the future.
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30
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Cheng X, Jiang JM, Wang CY, Zou W, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Hydrogen sulfide prevents arecoline-induced neurotoxicity via promoting leptin/leptin receptor signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1355-1366. [PMID: 35819076 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline, a major alkaloid of the areca nut, has potential toxicity to the nervous system. Our previous study reveals that the neurotoxicity of arecoline involves in inhibited endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) generation. Therefore, the present study investigated whether exogenous H2 S protects against arecoline-induced neurotoxicity and further explore the underlying mechanisms focusing on leptin/leptin receptor signaling pathway. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 kit. The apoptosis were detected by Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide) staining. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that NaHS, an exogenous H2 S donor, significantly increases the cell viability, decreases apoptosis ratio, and reduces caspase-3 activity as well as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in PC12 cells exposed to arecoline, indicating the protection of H2 S against arecoline-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Also, NaHS attenuated arecoline-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as evidenced by the decreases in the expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase-12. Meanwhile, NaHS promoted leptin/leptin receptor signaling pathway in arecoline-exposed PC12 cells, as illustrated by upregulations of leptin and leptin receptor expressions. Furthermore, leptin tA, an antagonist of leptin receptor, obviously abolished the inhibitory effects of NaHS on arecoline-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and ER stress in arecoline-exposed PC12 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that H2 S prevents arecoline-induced neurotoxicity via enhancing the leptin/leptin receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.,The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.,The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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31
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Krishna AG, Goyal N, Ram D, Rajan AK, Kshitiz KK. Hunger Hormones in Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220415112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adolescents is largely unexplored.
Objectives:
The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their association with lipid profiles in adolescents with DMDD.
Methods:
Twenty adolescents with a DSM 5 diagnosis of DMDD with age and gender-matched 19 healthy controls were recruited, followed by clinical assessment. They were assessed for leptin, ghrelin, and lipid profiles, respectively.
Results:
Adolescents with DMDD were comparable in age, education, family income, domicile status, psychiatric illness in the family, and body mass index (BMI) with matched controls. There was no difference in mean lipid profile and ghrelin in both groups. However, the DMDD group had statistically significant higher mean level of leptin as compared to the control group (t=1.84, p < 0.05). As measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale in DMDD, aggression showed a significant positive correlation with measures of lipid profile.
Conclusion:
Adolescents with DMDD have elevated serum leptin levels. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishant Goyal
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
| | - Dushad Ram
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra
| | | | - K. K. Kshitiz
- Professor of Biochemistry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
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32
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Leuthardt AS, Bayer J, Monné Rodríguez JM, Boyle CN. Influence of High Energy Diet and Polygenic Predisposition for Obesity on Postpartum Health in Rat Dams. Front Physiol 2022; 12:772707. [PMID: 35222059 PMCID: PMC8867007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.772707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30% of pregnant women worldwide are overweight or obese, leading to adverse health effects for both mother and child. Women with obesity during pregnancy are at higher risk for developing both metabolic and mental disorders, such as diabetes and depression. Numerous studies have used rodent models of maternal obesity to understand its consequences on the offspring, yet characterization of changes in the dams is rare, and most rodent models rely solely on a high fat diet to induce maternal obesity, without regarding genetic propensity for obesity. Here we present the influence of both peripartum high energy diet (HE) and obesity-proneness on maternal health using selectively bred diet-resistant (DR) and diet-induced obese (DIO) rat dams. Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with HE diet prior to mating and bred according to their propensity to gain weight. The original outbred breeding dams (F0) were maintained on low-fat chow during pregnancy and lactation. By comparison, the F1 dams consuming HE diet during pregnancy and lactation displayed higher gestational body weight gain (P < 0.01), and HE diet caused increased meal size and reduced meal frequency (P < 0.001). Sensitivity to the hormone amylin was preserved during pregnancy, regardless of diet. After several rounds of selective breeding, DIO and DR dams from generation F3 were provided chow or HE during pregnancy and lactation and assessed for their postpartum physiology and behaviors. We observed strong diet and phenotype effects on gestational weight gain, with DIO-HE dams gaining 119% more weight than DR-chow (P < 0.001). A high-resolution analysis of maternal behaviors did not detect main effects of diet or phenotype, but a subset of DIO dams showed delayed nursing behavior (P < 0.05). In generation F6/F7 dams, effects on gestational weight gain persisted (P < 0.01), and we observed a main effect of phenotype during a sucrose preference test (P < 0.05), with DIO-chow dams showing lower sucrose preference than DR controls (P < 0.05). Both DIO and DR dams consuming HE diet had hepatic steatosis (P < 0.001) and exhibited reduced leptin sensitivity in the arcuate nucleus (P < 0.001). These data demonstrate that both diet and genetic obesity-proneness have consequences on maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Leuthardt
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bayer
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josep M. Monné Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina N. Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christina N. Boyle,
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33
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Kim S. The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 34986791 PMCID: PMC8728965 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known regarding the role of gender as a possible modulator in determining the associations between lifestyle risk factors and depression in older adults. Objectives This study examined whether gender modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 65 years and older (n = 3700). Methods Data were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Examination Survey. The primary outcome was depression, assessed with the patient health questionnaire-9. As exposures, smoking habits, at-risk alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. In addition, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) as an indicator of overall nutritional inadequacy was assessed with dietary intakes of macro- and micronutrients. Results In men only, either two or three and more risk factors were significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.886 (1.003–8.299) and OR (95% CI) = 3.109 (1.064–9.097), respectively). In women only, either two or three and more risk factors were also significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% CI) = 1.505 (1.067–2.124) and OR (95% CI) = 2.828 (1.527–5.239), respectively). In particular, the presence of smoking habits and MAR were the major determinants of depression (OR (95% CI) = 1.835 (1.09–3.10) and OR (95% CI) = 1.585 (1.125–2.233), respectively) in women only. Finally, a moderation analysis with the Hayes PROCESS Macro showed a significant moderating effect of gender (β (95% CI) = 0.633 (0.206 ~ 1.060)) on the relationship between risk factors and depression. In addition, the slope of the relationship was much steeper in women than in men. Conclusion Current findings suggest that lifestyle risk factors are more closely associated with depression risk in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinuk Kim
- Department of Smart Information Communication Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, 330-720, South Korea.
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Rapid amelioration of anorexia nervosa in a male adolescent during metreleptin treatment including recovery from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1573-1579. [PMID: 33966118 PMCID: PMC8106547 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With this case report we support our medical hypothesis that metreleptin treatment ameliorates starvation related emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptomatology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and show for the first time strong effects in a male patient with AN. A 15.9 year old adolescent with severe AN of eight-month duration was treated off-label with metreleptin. Hyperactivity was assessed with accelerometry. Visual analogue scales (VAS), validated self- and clinician rating scales and lab results tracked changes from baseline to end of the 24-day dosing period and a five-month follow-up. Substantial improvements of mood and eating disorder related cognitions and hyperactivity set in after two days of treatment. During dosing, sub-physiological testosterone and TT3 levels normalized; clinically libido reemerged. Weight did not increase substantially during the dosing period. During follow-up target weight was attained; mood did not deteriorate; hyperactivity ceased. The results substantiate the strong effects seen in female cases and underscore the need for a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to confirm the observed strong, multiple and rapid onset beneficial effects of metreleptin in AN.
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Abstract
Curcumin is the major biologically active polyphenolic constituent in the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Interest in curcumin as a treatment for mental health conditions has increased and there is an expanding body of preclinical and clinical research examining its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. In this narrative review, human trials investigating the effects of curcumin for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms are summarised. Using findings from in vitro, animal, and human trials, possible biological mechanisms associated with the antidepressant effects of curcumin are also explored. To increase the understanding of curcumin for the treatment of depression, directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, 38 Arnisdale Rd, Duncraig, Perth, WA, 6023, Australia.
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Vieira DB, Antel J, Peters T, Miehle K, Stumvoll M, Hebebrand J, Schlögl H. Suggestive Evidence for an Antidepressant Effect of Metreleptin Treatment in Patients with Lipodystrophy. Obes Facts 2022; 15:685-693. [PMID: 36037795 PMCID: PMC9669995 DOI: 10.1159/000526357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipodystrophy (LD) syndromes are rare heterogeneous disorders characterized by reduction or absence of subcutaneous fat, low or nondetectable leptin concentrations in blood and impaired hunger/satiety regulation. Metreleptin treatment reverses metabolic complications and improves eating behavior in LD. Because depression in anorexia nervosa (AN), which is also characterized by hypoleptinemia, improves substantially upon treatment with metreleptin, we hypothesized that metreleptin substitution may be associated with an antidepressant effect in patients with LD, too. METHODS In this ancillary study, 10 adult patients with LD were treated with metreleptin. To assess depressive symptoms, the self-rating questionnaire Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was filled in at preestablished time points prior (T1) and after initiation of metreleptin (T2: 1 week; T3: 4 weeks; T4: 12 weeks) dosing. The differences between time points were tested with nonparametric Friedman's analysis of variance. Sensitivity analyses were performed upon exclusion of the BDI items addressing appetite and weight changes. RESULTS According to their BDI scores, 4 patients had mild depression and 2 had moderate depression at baseline. Friedman's test revealed significant differences in BDI scores between the four time points. Post hoc analyses revealed that the difference between T1 and T3 was significant upon Bonferroni correction (p = 0.034, effect size r = 0.88). The sensitivity analyses upon exclusion of the appetite and weight change items again revealed a significant Friedman's test and significant Bonferroni corrected differences in the revised BDI scores between T1 versus T2 (p = 0.002, r = 0.99) and T1 versus T3 (p = 0.007, r = 0.79). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our study for the first time revealed suggestive evidence for an antidepressant effect of metreleptin in patients with LD. Metreleptin caused a rapid drop in depression scores within 1 week of treatment. A reduction of the depression score was also observed in 2 of the 3 LD patients whose BDI scores were in the normal range before start of the treatment. The reduction in total scores of BDI was still apparent after 3 months (T4) of dosing. This observation matches findings obtained in clinical case studies of AN patients, in whom depression scores also dropped during the first week of metreleptin treatment. It needs to be noted that by the nature of this observational study without a placebo group, nonspecific treatment expectation affecting mood cannot fully be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Branco Vieira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Miehle
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Haiko Schlögl
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- **Haiko Schlögl,
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Bopp SK, Heilbronner U, Schlattmann P, Buspavanich PJ, Lang UE, Heinz A, Schulze TG, Adli M, Mühleisen TW, Ricken R. A GWAS top hit for circulating leptin is associated with weight gain but not with leptin protein levels in lithium-augmented patients with major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 53:114-119. [PMID: 34653833 PMCID: PMC8650825 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-treated patients often suffer from weight gain as a common adverse event. In an earlier investigation, we found an impact of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10487506 and rs2278815) at the leptin gene on weight gain but not on leptin protein levels in serum under lithium augmentation. A recent genome-wide association study identified a polymorphism at the leptin gene locus (rs10487505) associated with circulating leptin protein levels. To characterize potential effects of this variant in acute major depressive disorder, we investigated body mass indices from 180 lithium-augmented patients and serum concentrations of leptin protein from 89 patients using linear mixed model analyses and rs6979832, a proxy SNP of rs10487505. Body mass index was measured before and after 4 weeks of lithium augmentation, in a subsample also after 4 and 7 months. Leptin serum levels were measured before and during lithium augmentation. G-allele homozygotes of rs6979832 had a significantly lower body mass index increase during observation compared to A-allele hetero- and homozygotes. However, we found no influence on leptin serum levels. Joint analyses of rs6979832 with the previously investigated polymorphisms rs10487506 and rs2278815, and expressed quantitative trait data, suggest a complex interplay between SNP alleles at the leptin locus. These results strongly support our earlier findings that common genetic variation at the leptin gene locus may be involved in lithium augmentation-associated weight gain in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Bopp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pichit J Buspavanich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Ricken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Balliu B, Carcamo-Orive I, Gloudemans MJ, Nachun DC, Durrant MG, Gazal S, Park CY, Knowles DA, Wabitsch M, Quertermous T, Knowles JW, Montgomery SB. An integrated approach to identify environmental modulators of genetic risk factors for complex traits. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1866-1879. [PMID: 34582792 PMCID: PMC8546041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex traits and diseases can be influenced by both genetics and environment. However, given the large number of environmental stimuli and power challenges for gene-by-environment testing, it remains a critical challenge to identify and prioritize specific disease-relevant environmental exposures. We propose a framework for leveraging signals from transcriptional responses to environmental perturbations to identify disease-relevant perturbations that can modulate genetic risk for complex traits and inform the functions of genetic variants associated with complex traits. We perturbed human skeletal-muscle-, fat-, and liver-relevant cell lines with 21 perturbations affecting insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic regulation in humans and identified thousands of environmentally responsive genes. By combining these data with GWASs from 31 distinct polygenic traits, we show that the heritability of multiple traits is enriched in regions surrounding genes responsive to specific perturbations and, further, that environmentally responsive genes are enriched for associations with specific diseases and phenotypes from the GWAS Catalog. Overall, we demonstrate the advantages of large-scale characterization of transcriptional changes in diversely stimulated and pathologically relevant cells to identify disease-relevant perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Gloudemans
- Biomedical Informatics Training Program and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew G Durrant
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chong Y Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Knowles
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Klyne DM, Hodges PW. Circulating Adipokines in Predicting the Transition from Acute to Persistent Low Back Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:2975-2985. [PMID: 32232467 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contribute to the transition from acute to persistent pain. Despite increasing incidence of obesity and its linkage with chronic pain and inflammation, cytokines predominantly produced by adipose tissue (adipokines) have received little attention. Here we aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectory of adipokines from the onset of acute low back pain (LBP) and identify combinations of adipokines and/or other features that predict outcome. METHODS Individuals with acute LBP (less than two weeks after onset) who had either recovered (no pain, N = 15) or remained unrecovered (no reduction/increase in pain, N = 13) at six months and 15 controls were retrospectively selected from a larger prospective cohort. Participants provided blood for the measurement of TNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and completed questionnaires related to pain/disability, depression, and sleep at baseline. LBP participants repeated measurements at six months. RESULTS Compared with controls, acute LBP individuals had higher TNF and CRP but lower adiponectin. In LBP, unrecovered individuals had higher TNF at both time points, but lower CRP at baseline and leptin at six months. Although combined low CRP, high TNF, and depressive symptoms at baseline predicted poor recovery, the primary adipokines leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin did not. CONCLUSIONS Primary adipokines did not add to the prediction of poor LBP outcome that has been identified for the combination of low CRP, high TNF, and depressive symptoms in acute LBP. Whether adipokines play a role in LBP persistence in overweight/obese individuals requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Klyne
- The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul W Hodges
- The University of Queensland, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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Gomes A, Cook K, Wong A, Tuttle E, Stratton A, Sanders R. Experiences and Perspectives of Patients with Non-HIV-Associated Lipodystrophies and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 14:673-685. [PMID: 33840079 PMCID: PMC8357740 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-021-00511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lipodystrophy comprises a group of conditions characterized by loss of functional adipose tissue, resulting in severe metabolic complications and a complex range of symptoms. Objective This study sought to gain a holistic understanding of the impact of congenital or non-human immunodeficiency virus acquired lipodystrophies on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers and to capture the impact of lipodystrophy on quality of life using a standard instrument. Methods Ten patients with lipodystrophies and five caregivers from the USA and UK were recruited through convenience sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire containing open-ended questions about disease symptoms and attributes and numerical rating scales to prompt discussion of symptom prevalence and impact. After the interview, participants filled out the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) survey instrument. Conventional conceptual content analysis methods were used to analyze the anonymized transcripts. Results Four concepts were developed: diagnostic journey and symptom management, burden of disease, healthcare resource utilization, and support and advocacy. Participants described lengthy diagnostic journeys and frequent interactions with healthcare systems. Many participants became experts on lipodystrophy through the diagnostic journey and described difficulties accessing effective treatment, even after diagnosis. Both patients and caregivers emphasized the ongoing burden of living with lipodystrophy and the accompanying sense of isolation. Participants turned to disease-specific support groups to cope, engaging in knowledge sharing with other patients and caregivers and developing friendships based on shared experiences. Ten participants completed the SF-36, with a mean (standard deviation) SF-36 score of 0.6 (0.2). Conclusions Currently, there are no qualitative studies that describe the experiences of patients with lipodystrophy and their caregivers. While additional research is needed, educational work like this study is a promising first step that could lead to early diagnosis and access to treatment and support. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40271-021-00511-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Wong
- Analysis Group, Inc, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - A Stratton
- Lipodystrophy United, Los Lunas, NM, USA
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Wu YT, Huang WY, Kor CT, Liu KH, Chen TY, Lin PT, Wu HM. Relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms and adipocyte-derived proteins in postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248314. [PMID: 33667284 PMCID: PMC7935290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the association between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression among postmenopausal women are limited. Therefore, the present study specifically evaluates the mutual relationships between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, a total of 190 women aged 40-65 years were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Fasting specimens were collected to measure sex hormone, glucose, insulin, and adipokine levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between depression and anxiety and adipocyte-derived hormones. SETTINGS The study was performed in a hospital medical center. RESULTS Among 190 enrolled postmenopausal women, Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between CES-D and HAM-A (r = 0.715, P < 0.0001), between CES-D and adiponectin (p = 0.009) and leptin (p = 0.015), and between HAM-A and adiponectin (p = 0.01) and leptin (p = 0.001). The subjects with CES-D ≥ 16 and with HAM-A ≥ 18 had higher adiponectin levels than those with CES-D < 16 and HAM-A < 18, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise, alanine amino transferase and parameters of lipid profiles, Log adiponectin levels were found to be significantly associated with both CES-D and HAM-A, and Log leptin levels were only significantly associated with HAM-A. CONCLUSIONS The data show that adiponectin and leptin levels are significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels may serve as potential markers related to anxiety and mood in postmenopausal women. More future research that is designed to deal with the important confounders (e.g., population heterogeneity) is needed to investigate comprehensively on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Huang
- Pediatrics of Kung-Ten General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chew-Teng Kor
- Internal Medicine Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hung Liu
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Te Lin
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Chenji S, Cox E, Jaworska N, Swansburg RM, MacMaster FP. Body mass index and variability in hippocampal volume in youth with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:415-425. [PMID: 33422817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both adults and youth. However, possible sources of variability for the hippocampus have not been well delineated. Here, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal volume in youth with MDD. METHODS Twenty-two controls (9 male, 13 female, 12-24 years), 24 youth with MDD and normal BMI (12 male, 12 female, 14-24 years), and 20 youth with MDD and high BMI (14 male, 6 female, 13-22 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Hippocampal volume was determined through manual tracing of high-resolution anatomical T1 scans, and LCModel quantified neurochemical concentrations. Intracranial volume was used as a covariate in analysis to control for effects of brain volume on hippocampus. RESULTS In youth with MDD and normal BMI, right hippocampal volume was reduced (p = 0.006, Bonferroni) and a trend for reduced left hippocampal volume was noted when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.054, Bonferroni). Left hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with BMI in youth with MDD and high BMI group (r = -0.593, p = 0.006). No associations were found between the right hippocampus and BMI and there were no group differences for metabolite concentrations. LIMITATIONS Larger sample sizes would enable researchers to explore overweight vs obese groups and effect of sex in MDD-BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS BMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Cox
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose M Swansburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta, Canada.
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An JH, Han KD, Jung JH, Yoo J, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Jung SM, Shin DW, Hur KY, Jeon HJ. High Bodyweight Variability Increases Depression Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:765129. [PMID: 34955919 PMCID: PMC8702997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although obesity is associated with increased risk for depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the relationship between body weight variability (BWV) and depression remains poorly studied. This study was to investigate the incidence of depression in patients with type 2 DM according to their BWV. Methods: Intraindividual variation in body weight were measured in the nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort of 540,293 patients with type 2 DM from the Korean national health insurance system between 2009 and 2010. The diagnoses of new-onset depression occurring until the end of 2017 were ascertained. Risk of new-onset depression was examined using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis by BWV quartile. Results: 93,149 (17.2%) patients developed new-onset depression for the follow up. BWV was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression after adjusting for confounding factors. The highest BWV quartile group had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.17 (95% CI 1.15-1.19) compared to the lowest BWV quartile group as a reference. Obese patients in the highest BWV quartile group showed 12% increased risk of depression (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.09-1.15) while non-obese patients in the highest BWV quartile group showed 20% increased risk of depression (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.23) compared to their respective lowest BWV quartile groups. Conclusion: A higher BWV was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in patients with type 2 DM. Thus, BWV may serve as an indicator for early detection of depression in type 2 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun An
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biostatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su-Min Jung
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sarkar A, Sarmah D, Datta A, Kaur H, Jagtap P, Raut S, Shah B, Singh U, Baidya F, Bohra M, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Post-stroke depression: Chaos to exposition. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:74-88. [PMID: 33359639 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia contributes to significant disabilities worldwide, impairing cognitive function and motor coordination in affected individuals. Stroke has severe neuropsychological outcomes, the major one being a stroke. Stroke survivors begin to show symptoms of depression within a few months of the incidence that overtime progresses to become a long-term ailment. As the pathophysiology for the progression of the disease is multifactorial and complex, it limits the understanding of the disease mechanism completely. Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials have shown that intervening early with tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin receptor inhibitors can be effective. However, these pharmacotherapies possess several limitations that have given rise to newer approaches such as brain stimulation, psychotherapy and rehabilitation therapy, which in today's time are gaining attention for their beneficial results in post-stroke depression (PSD). The present review highlights numerous factors like lesion location, inflammatory mediators and genetic abnormalities that play a crucial role in the development of depression in stroke patients. Further, we have also discussed various mechanisms involved in post-stroke depression (PSD) and strategies for early detection and diagnosis using biomarkers that may revolutionize treatment for the affected population. Towards the end, along with the preclinical scenario, we have also discussed the various treatment approaches like pharmacotherapy, traditional medicines, psychotherapy, electrical stimulation and microRNAs being utilized for effectively managing PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Birva Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Upasna Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Falguni Baidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mariya Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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45
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Zhao L, Han G, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Ge T, Yang W, Cui R, Xu S, Li B. Gender Differences in Depression: Evidence From Genetics. Front Genet 2020; 11:562316. [PMID: 33193645 PMCID: PMC7593575 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with men, female accounts for a larger proportion of patients with depression. Behavioral genetics researches find gender differences in genetic underpinnings of depression. We found that gender differences exist in heritability and the gene associated with depression after reviewing relevant research. Both genes and gene-environment interactions contribute to the risk of depression in a gender-specific manner. We detailed the relationships between serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and depression. However, the results of these studies are very different. We explored the reasons for the contradictory conclusions and provided some suggestions for future research on the gender differences in genetic underpinnings of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghao Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songbai Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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46
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Clinical Evidence of Antidepressant Effects of Insulin and Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Depression-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186969. [PMID: 32971941 PMCID: PMC7554794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Close connections between depression and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been suggested by many epidemiological and experimental studies. Disturbances in insulin sensitivity due to the disruption of various molecular pathways cause insulin resistance, which underpins many metabolic disorders, including diabetes, as well as depression. Several anti-hyperglycemic agents have demonstrated antidepressant properties in clinical trials, probably due to their action on brain targets based on the shared pathophysiology of depression and T2DM. In this article, we review reports of clinical trials examining the antidepressant effect of these medications, including insulin, metformin, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists, and briefly consider possible molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between amelioration of insulin resistance and improvement of depressive symptoms. In doing so, we intend to suggest an integrative perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of depression.
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47
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Ge TT, Yao XX, Zhao FL, Zou XH, Yang W, Cui RJ, Li BJ. Role of leptin in the regulation of food intake in fasted mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4524-4532. [PMID: 32174013 PMCID: PMC7176890 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is well acknowledged as an anorexigenic hormone that plays an important role in feeding control. Hypothalamic GABA system plays a significant role in leptin regulation on feeding and metabolism control. However, the pharmacological relationship of leptin and GABA receptor is still obscure. Therefore, we investigated the effect of leptin or combined with baclofen on the food intake in fasted mice. We detected the changes in hypothalamic c-Fos expression, hypothalamic TH, POMC and GAD67 expression, plasma insulin, POMC and GABA levels to demonstrate the mechanisms. We found that leptin inhibit fasting-induced increased food intake and activated hypothalamic neurons. The inhibitory effect on food intake induced by leptin in fasted mice can be reversed by pretreatment with baclofen. Baclofen reversed leptin's inhibition on c-Fos expression of PAMM in fasted mice. Therefore, these results indicate that leptin might inhibit fasting-triggered activation of PVN neurons via presynaptic GABA synaptic functions which might be partially blocked by pharmacological activating GABA-B. Our findings identify the role of leptin in the regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Lian Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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48
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Endomba FT, Tankeu AT, Nkeck JR, Tochie JN. Leptin and psychiatric illnesses: does leptin play a role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain? Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:22. [PMID: 32033608 PMCID: PMC7006414 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is the most prevalent somatic adverse event occurring in patients treated by antipsychotics, especially atypical antipsychotics. It is of particular interest because of its repercussion on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially now that the use of second-generation antipsychotics has been extended to other mental health illnesses such as bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder. The mechanism underlying antipsychotics-induced weight gain is still poorly understood despite a significant amount of work on the topic. Recently, there has been an on-going debate of tremendous research interest on the relationship between antipsychotic-induced weight gain and body weight regulatory hormones such as leptin. Given that, researchers have brought to light the question of leptin's role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Here we summarize and discuss the existing evidence on the link between leptin and weight gain related to antipsychotic drugs, especially atypical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francky Teddy Endomba
- Psychiatry Internship Program, University of Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France.,Department of Internal Medicine and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurel T Tankeu
- Department of Internal Medicine and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Aging and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan René Nkeck
- Department of Internal Medicine and sub-Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joel Noutakdie Tochie
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Human Research Education and Networking, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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49
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Li HY, Rong SS, Hong X, Guo R, Yang FZ, Liang YY, Li A, So KF. Exercise and retinal health. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:571-581. [DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Central Laboratory, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Sheng Rong
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Hong
- Central Laboratory, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Zhen Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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An JH, Jang EH, Kim AY, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Papakostas GI, Na EJ, Jang J, Yu HY, Hong JP, Jeon HJ. Ratio of plasma BDNF to leptin levels are associated with treatment response in major depressive disorder but not in panic disorder: A 12-week follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:349-354. [PMID: 31465895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and the mood regulatory effect of leptin has been suggested in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). We investigated treatment response and pre-treatment leptin and BDNF in patients with MDD and with panic disorder (PD). METHODS We recruited 41 patients with MDD, 52 patients with PD, and 59 matched healthy controls. All subjects completed five visits (at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks), and both MDD and PD patients were treated with standard pharmacotherapy for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF (pBDNF) and blood leptin levels were obtained along with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale rating (HDRS-17) score at every visit. RESULTS The ratio of pre-treatment pBDNF to leptin was significantly lower in patients with MDD and PD compared to healthy controls (p = 0.024), but was not associated with severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. Pre-treatment pBDNF:leptin ratio was significantly higher in treatment responders than in non-responders (p = 0.012) in MDD but not in PD. This difference was larger in MDD patients with appetite loss (p = 0.034). In multivariate analysis, pre-treatment pBDNF:leptin ratio was significantly associated with treatment responsiveness (Adjusted Odds Ration [AOR] = 2.50, 95% CI 1.02-6.14) in MDD. LIMITATION small sample size; limited information on detailed pharmacological effects. CONCLUSIONS A relatively higher ratio of pre-treatment pBDNF to leptin was associated with greater treatment response in MDD but not in PD. Further research should focus on exploration of a link between BDNF and leptin underlying neuronal plasticity in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun An
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jang
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Kim
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George I Papakostas
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eun Jin Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Yu
- Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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