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Liu J, Richmond RC, Anderson EL, Bowden J, Barry CJS, Dashti HS, Daghlas IS, Lane JM, Kyle SD, Vetter C, Morrison CL, Jones SE, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Wright AK, Carr MJ, Anderson SG, Emsley RA, Ray DW, Weedon MN, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA. The role of accelerometer-derived sleep traits on glycated haemoglobin and glucose levels: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14962. [PMID: 38942746 PMCID: PMC11213880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-reported shorter/longer sleep duration, insomnia, and evening preference are associated with hyperglycaemia in observational analyses, with similar observations in small studies using accelerometer-derived sleep traits. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies support an effect of self-reported insomnia, but not others, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). To explore potential effects, we used MR methods to assess effects of accelerometer-derived sleep traits (duration, mid-point least active 5-h, mid-point most active 10-h, sleep fragmentation, and efficiency) on HbA1c/glucose in European adults from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 73,797) and the MAGIC consortium (n = 146,806). Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to determine genetic correlations across accelerometer-derived, self-reported sleep traits, and HbA1c/glucose. We found no causal effect of any accelerometer-derived sleep trait on HbA1c or glucose. Similar MR results for self-reported sleep traits in the UKB sub-sample with accelerometer-derived measures suggested our results were not explained by selection bias. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analyses suggested complex relationships between self-reported and accelerometer-derived traits indicating that they may reflect different types of exposure. These findings suggested accelerometer-derived sleep traits do not affect HbA1c. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep duration and quality might not simply be 'objective' measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, but rather captured different sleep characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ciarrah-Jane S Barry
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iyas S Daghlas
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison K Wright
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Chen HH, Lin C, Chang HC, Chang JH, Chuang HH, Lin YH. Developing Methods for Assessing Mental Activity Using Human-Smartphone Interactions: Comparative Analysis of Activity Levels and Phase Patterns in General Mental Activities, Working Mental Activities, and Physical Activities. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e56144. [PMID: 38885499 PMCID: PMC11217705 DOI: 10.2196/56144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human biological rhythms are commonly assessed through physical activity (PA) measurement, but mental activity may offer a more substantial reflection of human biological rhythms. OBJECTIVE This study proposes a novel approach based on human-smartphone interaction to compute mental activity, encompassing general mental activity (GMA) and working mental activity (WMA). METHODS A total of 24 health care professionals participated, wearing wrist actigraphy devices and using the "Staff Hours" app for more than 457 person-days, including 332 workdays and 125 nonworkdays. PA was measured using actigraphy, while GMA and WMA were assessed based on patterns of smartphone interactions. To model WMA, machine learning techniques such as extreme gradient boosting and convolutional neural networks were applied, using human-smartphone interaction patterns and GPS-defined work hours. The data were organized by date and divided into person-days, with an 80:20 split for training and testing data sets to minimize overfitting and maximize model robustness. The study also adopted the M10 metric to quantify daily activity levels by calculating the average acceleration during the 10-hour period of highest activity each day, which facilitated the assessment of the interrelations between PA, GMA, and WMA and sleep indicators. Phase differences, such as those between PA and GMA, were defined using a second-order Butterworth filter and Hilbert transform to extract and calculate circadian rhythms and instantaneous phases. This calculation involved subtracting the phase of the reference signal from that of the target signal and averaging these differences to provide a stable and clear measure of the phase relationship between the signals. Additionally, multilevel modeling explored associations between sleep indicators (total sleep time, midpoint of sleep) and next-day activity levels, accounting for the data's nested structure. RESULTS Significant differences in activity levels were noted between workdays and nonworkdays, with WMA occurring approximately 1.08 hours earlier than PA during workdays (P<.001). Conversely, GMA was observed to commence about 1.22 hours later than PA (P<.001). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was identified between the activity level of WMA and the previous night's midpoint of sleep (β=-0.263, P<.001), indicating that later bedtimes and wake times were linked to reduced activity levels in WMA the following day. However, there was no significant correlation between WMA's activity levels and total sleep time. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between the activity levels of PA and GMA and sleep indicators from the previous night. CONCLUSIONS This study significantly advances the understanding of human biological rhythms by developing and highlighting GMA and WMA as key indicators, derived from human-smartphone interactions. These findings offer novel insights into how mental activities, alongside PA, are intricately linked to sleep patterns, emphasizing the potential of GMA and WMA in behavioral and health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsun Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program of Artificial intelligence and Information Security, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chih Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ho Chang
- Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Hua Chuang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dai X, Williams GJ, Groeger JA, Jones G, Brookes K, Zhou W, Hua J, Du W. The role of circadian rhythms and sleep in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: New evidence from bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241258546. [PMID: 38869021 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241258546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Research shows that people with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often have sleep issues and problems with the body's natural daily rhythms, known as circadian rhythms. By exploring the genetic variants associated with these rhythms and the conditions, this study reveals that these rhythm changes and sleep patterns are directly linked to autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It found that the timing of one's most active hours can increase the likelihood of having both autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Importantly, it also shows that good sleep quality might protect against autism spectrum disorder, while disturbed sleep in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder seems to be a result rather than the cause of the condition. This understanding can help doctors and researchers develop better treatment approaches that focus on the specific ways sleep and body rhythms affect those with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, considering their unique associations with circadian rhythms and sleep patterns. Understanding these unique links can lead to more effective, personalized care for those affected by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Kang SJ, Leroux A, Guo W, Dey D, Strippoli MPF, Di J, Vaucher J, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Preisig M, Merikangas KR, Zipunnikov V. Integrative Modeling of Accelerometry-Derived Sleep, Physical Activity, and Circadian Rhythm Domains With Current or Remitted Major Depression. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2819864. [PMID: 38865117 PMCID: PMC11170457 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Importance Accelerometry has been increasingly used as an objective index of sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythms in people with mood disorders. However, most prior research has focused on sleep or physical activity alone without consideration of the strong within- and cross-domain intercorrelations; and few studies have distinguished between trait and state profiles of accelerometry domains in major depressive disorder (MDD). Objectives To identify joint and individual components of the domains derived from accelerometry, including sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythmicity using the Joint and Individual Variation Explained method (JIVE), a novel multimodal integrative dimension-reduction technique; and to examine associations between joint and individual components with current and remitted MDD. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study examined data from the second wave of a population cohort study from Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants included 2317 adults (1164 without MDD, 185 with current MDD, and 968 with remitted MDD) with accelerometry for at least 7 days. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2021 to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Features derived from accelerometry for 14 days; current and remitted MDD. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and anxiety and substance use disorders. Results Among 2317 adults included in the study, 1261 (54.42%) were female, and mean (SD) age was 61.79 (9.97) years. JIVE reduced 28 accelerometry features to 3 joint and 6 individual components (1 sleep, 2 physical activity, 3 circadian rhythms). Joint components explained 58.5%, 79.5%, 54.5% of the total variation in sleep, physical activity, and circadian rhythm domains, respectively. Both current and remitted depression were associated with the first 2 joint components that were distinguished by the salience of high-intensity physical activity and amplitude of circadian rhythm and timing of both sleep and physical activity, respectively. MDD had significantly weaker circadian rhythmicity. Conclusions and Relevance Application of a novel multimodal dimension-reduction technique demonstrates the importance of joint influences of physical activity, circadian rhythms, and timing of both sleep and physical activity with MDD; dampened circadian rhythmicity may constitute a trait marker for MDD. This work illustrates the value of accelerometry as a potential biomarker for subtypes of depression and highlights the importance of consideration of the full 24-hour sleep-wake cycle in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Kang
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Wei Guo
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debangan Dey
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Junrui Di
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julien Vaucher
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Specialties, Fribourg Hospital and University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Service of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chuang HH, Lin C, Lee LA, Chang HC, She GJ, Lin YH. Comparing Human-Smartphone Interactions and Actigraphy Measurements for Circadian Rhythm Stability and Adiposity: Algorithm Development and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50149. [PMID: 38838328 PMCID: PMC11187513 DOI: 10.2196/50149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationships between adiposity and circadian rhythm and compare the measurement of circadian rhythm using both actigraphy and a smartphone app that tracks human-smartphone interactions. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the app-based measurement may provide more comprehensive information, including light-sensitive melatonin secretion and social rhythm, and have stronger correlations with adiposity indicators. METHODS We enrolled a total of 78 participants (mean age 41.5, SD 9.9 years; 46/78, 59% women) from both an obesity outpatient clinic and a workplace health promotion program. All participants (n=29 with obesity, n=16 overweight, and n=33 controls) were required to wear a wrist actigraphy device and install the Rhythm app for a minimum of 4 weeks, contributing to a total of 2182 person-days of data collection. The Rhythm app estimates sleep and circadian rhythm indicators by tracking human-smartphone interactions, which correspond to actigraphy. We examined the correlations between adiposity indices and sleep and circadian rhythm indicators, including sleep time, chronotype, and regularity of circadian rhythm, while controlling for physical activity level, age, and gender. RESULTS Sleep onset and wake time measurements did not differ significantly between the app and actigraphy; however, wake after sleep onset was longer (13.5, SD 19.5 minutes) with the app, resulting in a longer actigraphy-measured total sleep time (TST) of 20.2 (SD 66.7) minutes. The obesity group had a significantly longer TST with both methods. App-measured circadian rhythm indicators were significantly lower than their actigraphy-measured counterparts. The obesity group had significantly lower interdaily stability (IS) than the control group with both methods. The multivariable-adjusted model revealed a negative correlation between BMI and app-measured IS (P=.007). Body fat percentage (BF%) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT) showed significant correlations with both app-measured IS and actigraphy-measured IS. The app-measured midpoint of sleep showed a positive correlation with both BF% and VAT. Actigraphy-measured TST exhibited a positive correlation with BMI, VAT, and BF%, while no significant correlation was found between app-measured TST and either BMI, VAT, or BF%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IS is strongly correlated with various adiposity indicators. Further exploration of the role of circadian rhythm, particularly measured through human-smartphone interactions, in obesity prevention could be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Chuang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chih Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jie She
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Noordam R, Ao L, Stroo JF, Willems van Dijk K, van Heemst D. No evidence linking sleep traits with white blood cell counts: Multivariable-adjusted and Mendelian randomization analyses. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14189. [PMID: 38429948 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in habitual sleep have been associated with multiple age-associated diseases. However, the biological mechanisms underpinning these associations remain largely unclear. We assessed the possible involvement of the circulating immune system by determining the associations between sleep traits and white blood cell counts using multivariable-adjusted linear regression and Mendelian randomization. METHODS Cross-sectional multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were done using participants within the normal range of total white blood cell counts (>4.5 × 109 and <11.0 × 109/μL) from UK Biobank. For the sleep traits, we examined (short and long) sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia symptoms and daytime dozing. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were done using instruments for sleep traits derived from European-ancestry participants from UK Biobank (over 410,000 participants) and using SNP-outcome data derived from European-ancestry participants from the Blood Cell Consortium (N = 563,946) to which no data from UK Biobank contributed. RESULTS Using data from 357,656 participants (mean [standard deviation] age: 56.5 [8.1] years, and 44.4% men), we did not find evidence that disturbances in any of the studied sleep traits were associated with differences in blood cell counts (total, lymphocytes, neutrophiles, eosinophiles and basophiles). Also, we did not find associations between disturbances in any of the studied sleep traits and white blood cell counts using Mendelian Randomization. CONCLUSION Based on the results from two different methodologies, disturbances in habitual sleep are unlikely to cause changes in blood cell counts and thereby differences in blood cell counts are unlikely to be underlying the observed sleep-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linjun Ao
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F Stroo
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Xu P, Wang D, He J, Cui Y, Lu L, Li Y, Chen X, Liu C, Suo L, Ren T, Wang T, Cui Y. A zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with ultra-high sensitivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4651. [PMID: 38821998 PMCID: PMC11143280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical system accelerometers have the potential to be utilized in next-generation consumer electronics, inertial navigation, and seismology due to their low cost, small size, and low power consumption. There is an urgent need to develop resonant accelerometer with high sensitivity, precision and robustness. Here, a zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with high sensitivity has been designed and prototyped using zinc oxide nanowires. Within a device two nanowires were symmetrically placed close to a notched flexure to evaluate acceleration based on differential resonant frequencies. Additionally, microleverages were integrated in the accelerometer to enhance its sensitivity by amplifying the inertial force. High performance of the accelerometer has been demonstrated by the measured absolute sensitivity (16.818 kHz/g), bias instability (13.13 μg at 1.2 s integration time) and bandwidth (from 4.78 to 29.64 kHz), respectively. These results suggest that zinc oxide nanowires could be a candidate to develop future nanoelectromechanical resonant accelerometer potentially used for inertial navigation, tilt measurement, and geophysical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Liaoning Huanghai Laboratory, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jianqiao He
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yichang Cui
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liangkun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiangji Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liujia Suo
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tongqun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Li Y, Luo G, Zhou L, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yan M. Mediators of the association between depression and migraine: a mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1326817. [PMID: 38881795 PMCID: PMC11176467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1326817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An association between depression and migraine has been reported in observational studies; however, conventional observational studies are prone to bias. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between depression and migraine and to quantify the mediating effects of known risk factors. Methods We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization and utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic instruments for exposure (depression) and mediators (sleep traits). We utilized summary data on genome-wide association studies for depression, sleep-related traits mediators and migraine. For depression, genome-wide association studies (depression) were utilized as a test cohort for the primary analysis. Moreover, genome-wide association studies (major depressive disorder) were utilized to test the stability of the results for the validation cohort. IVW and MR-Egger regression were applied to test the heterogeneity, and Cochran's Q statistics were calculated to quantitatively evaluate the heterogeneity. MR-PRESSO analyses were utilized to examine and correct possible horizontal pleiotropy through removing outliers, and leave-one-out analyses were utilized to identify outlier SNPs. Results Genetically predicted depression was associated with migraine (OR = 1.321, 95% CI: 1.184-1.473, p < 0.001). Furthermore, risk factors insomnia was associated with migraine risk (OR = 1.766, 95% CI: 1.120-2.784, p = 0.014). The mediator insomnia accounted for 19.5% of the total effect of depression on migraine. Conclusion These results support a potential causal effect of depression on migraine, partly mediated by insomnia. Therefore, the enhancement of sleep quality and difficulty in falling asleep may reduce the migraine burden occasioned by depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ge Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Yuan H, Plekhanova T, Walmsley R, Reynolds AC, Maddison KJ, Bucan M, Gehrman P, Rowlands A, Ray DW, Bennett D, McVeigh J, Straker L, Eastwood P, Kyle SD, Doherty A. Self-supervised learning of accelerometer data provides new insights for sleep and its association with mortality. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:86. [PMID: 38769347 PMCID: PMC11106264 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential to life. Accurate measurement and classification of sleep/wake and sleep stages is important in clinical studies for sleep disorder diagnoses and in the interpretation of data from consumer devices for monitoring physical and mental well-being. Existing non-polysomnography sleep classification techniques mainly rely on heuristic methods developed in relatively small cohorts. Thus, we aimed to establish the accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers for sleep stage classification and subsequently describe the association between sleep duration and efficiency (proportion of total time asleep when in bed) with mortality outcomes. We developed a self-supervised deep neural network for sleep stage classification using concurrent laboratory-based polysomnography and accelerometry. After exclusion, 1448 participant nights of data were used for training. The difference between polysomnography and the model classifications on the external validation was 34.7 min (95% limits of agreement (LoA): -37.8-107.2 min) for total sleep duration, 2.6 min for REM duration (95% LoA: -68.4-73.4 min) and 32.1 min (95% LoA: -54.4-118.5 min) for NREM duration. The sleep classifier was deployed in the UK Biobank with 100,000 participants to study the association of sleep duration and sleep efficiency with all-cause mortality. Among 66,214 UK Biobank participants, 1642 mortality events were observed. Short sleepers (<6 h) had a higher risk of mortality compared to participants with normal sleep duration of 6-7.9 h, regardless of whether they had low sleep efficiency (Hazard ratios (HRs): 1.58; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.19-2.11) or high sleep efficiency (HRs: 1.45; 95% CIs: 1.16-1.81). Deep-learning-based sleep classification using accelerometers has a fair to moderate agreement with polysomnography. Our findings suggest that having short overnight sleep confers mortality risk irrespective of sleep continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rosemary Walmsley
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Maddison
- Centre of Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Maja Bucan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Eastwood
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiden Doherty
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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11
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Haghayegh S, Gao C, Sugg E, Zheng X, Yang HW, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Weedon M, Ibanez A, Bennett DA, Li P, Gao L, Hu K. Association of Rest-Activity Rhythm and Risk of Developing Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Middle-Aged and Older Population: Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e55211. [PMID: 38713911 PMCID: PMC11109857 DOI: 10.2196/55211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms (RARs) and risk for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains an area of growing interest. Previous studies were often limited by small sample sizes, short follow-ups, and older participants. More studies are required to fully explore the link between disrupted RARs and dementia or MCI in middle-aged and older adults. OBJECTIVE We leveraged the UK Biobank data to examine how RAR disturbances correlate with the risk of developing dementia and MCI in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS We analyzed the data of 91,517 UK Biobank participants aged between 43 and 79 years. Wrist actigraphy recordings were used to derive nonparametric RAR metrics, including the activity level of the most active 10-hour period (M10) and its midpoint, the activity level of the least active 5-hour period (L5) and its midpoint, relative amplitude (RA) of the 24-hour cycle [RA=(M10-L5)/(M10+L5)], interdaily stability, and intradaily variability, as well as the amplitude and acrophase of 24-hour rhythms (cosinor analysis). We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations between baseline RAR and subsequent incidence of dementia or MCI, adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, shiftwork status, and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS During the follow-up of up to 7.5 years, 555 participants developed MCI or dementia. The dementia or MCI risk increased for those with lower M10 activity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44, per 1-SD decrease), higher L5 activity (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.21, per 1-SD increase), lower RA (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16-1.29, per 1-SD decrease), lower amplitude (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.17-1.49, per 1-SD decrease), and higher intradaily variability (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.24, per 1-SD increase) as well as advanced L5 midpoint (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, per 1-SD advance). These associations were similar in people aged <70 and >70 years, and in non-shift workers, and they were independent of genetic and cardiovascular risk factors. No significant associations were observed for M10 midpoint, interdaily stability, or acrophase. CONCLUSIONS Based on findings from a large sample of middle-to-older adults with objective RAR assessment and almost 8-years of follow-up, we suggest that suppressed and fragmented daily activity rhythms precede the onset of dementia or MCI and may serve as risk biomarkers for preclinical dementia in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Haghayegh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sugg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xi Zheng
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richa Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Peng Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lei Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun Hu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Weissenkampen JD, Ghorai A, Fasolino M, Gehringer B, Rajan M, Dow HC, Sebro R, Rader DJ, Keenan BT, Almasy L, Brodkin ES, Bucan M. Sleep and Activity Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592263. [PMID: 38766266 PMCID: PMC11100584 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions, repetitive behaviors, and a wide range of comorbidities. Between 44-83% of autistic individuals report sleep disturbances, which may share an underlying neurodevelopmental basis with ASD. Methods We recruited 382 ASD individuals and 223 of their family members to obtain quantitative ASD-related traits and wearable device-based accelerometer data spanning three consecutive weeks. An unbiased approach identifying traits associated with ASD was achieved by applying the elastic net machine learning algorithm with five-fold cross-validation on 6,878 days of data. The relationship between sleep and physical activity traits was examined through linear mixed-effects regressions using each night of data. Results This analysis yielded 59 out of 242 actimetry measures associated with ASD status in the training set, which were validated in a test set (AUC: 0.777). For several of these traits (e.g. total light physical activity), the day-to-day variability, in addition to the mean, was associated with ASD. Individuals with ASD were found to have a stronger correlation between physical activity and sleep, where less physical activity decreased their sleep more significantly than that of their non-ASD relatives. Conclusions The average duration of sleep/physical activity and the variation in the average duration of sleep/physical activity strongly predict ASD status. Physical activity measures were correlated with sleep quality, traits, and regularity, with ASD individuals having stronger correlations. Interventional studies are warranted to investigate whether improvements in both sleep and increased physical activity may improve the core symptoms of ASD.
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13
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Iakunchykova O, Pan M, Amlien IK, Roe JM, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Chen CH, Benros ME, Wang Y. Genetic evidence for the causal effects of C-reactive protein on self-reported habitual sleep duration. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 37:100754. [PMID: 38511149 PMCID: PMC10950822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses to acute stimuli are proposed to regulate sleep, but the relationship between chronic inflammation and habitual sleep duration is elusive. Here, we study this relation using genetically predicted level of chronic inflammation, indexed by CRP and IL6 signaling, and self-reported sleep duration. By Mendelian randomization analysis, we show that elevated CRP level within <10 mg/L has a homeostatic effect that facilitates maintaining 7-8 h sleep duration per day - making short-sleepers sleep longer (p = 2.42 × 10-2) and long-sleepers sleep shorter (1.87 × 10-7); but it is not associated with the overall sleep duration (p = 0.17). This homeostatic effect replicated in an independent CRP dataset. We observed causal effects of the soluble interleukin 6 receptor and gp130 on overall sleep duration (p = 1.62 × 10-8, p = 2.61 × 10-58, respectively), but these effects disappeared when CRP effects were accounted for in the model. Using polygenic score analysis, we found that the homeostatic effect of CRP on sleep duration stems primarily from the genetic variants within the CRP gene region: when genetic variants outside of this region were used to predict CRP levels, the opposite direction of effect was observed. In conclusion, we show that elevated CRP level may causally facilitate maintaining an optimal sleep duration that is beneficial to health, thus updating our current knowledge of immune regulation on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Iakunchykova
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mengyu Pan
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - James M. Roe
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, POB 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, POB 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California in San Diego, Gilman Drive 9500, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael E. Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Oliveira CDS, Andrechuk CRS, Guimarães Lima M, Berti de Azevedo Barros M, Zancanella E, Marchiori de Oliveira Cardoso TA, Ceolim MF. Factors associated with the fragmentation and stability of the rest-activity rhythm in adults and older adults. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:697-708. [PMID: 38682468 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2346521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors related to the fragmentation and stability of the rest-activity rhythm (RAR) in adults and older adults. It is part of a larger research project investigating aspects concerning sleep duration, quality, and disorders in a representative subsample of the population. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle, health habits and subjective sleep variables were obtained; RAR records were collected by means of actigraphy and analyzed using non-parametric variables (IS, IV, M10, L5, RA, sL5, and sM10). Study participants were 313 individuals with complete actigraphy records. There was a prevalence of older adults (50.2%) and females (51.1%). Females, individuals with 4-8 y of education, and those who used alcohol abusively exhibited lower RAR fragmentation. Higher fragmentation was observed in individuals who napped and those reporting poor sleep quality. Greater rhythm stability was evident in females, older adults, those with 4-8 y of education, and those who had a partner. Smokers demonstrated lower RAR stability. These findings may contribute valuable insights for decision-making aimed at preventing and treating issues related to fragmentation and instability of the rhythm and its possible consequences to health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margareth Guimarães Lima
- Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Zancanella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Science, Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Wang DS, Zhang HZ, Wu SH, Qian ZM, McMillin SE, Bingheim E, Tan WH, Huang WZ, Zhou PE, Liu RQ, Hu LW, Chen GB, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Hu QS, Lin LZ, Dong GH. Association Between Home Renovation and Sleeping Problems Among Children Aged 6-18 Years: A Nationwide Survey in China. Epidemiology 2024; 35:408-417. [PMID: 38261409 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the indoor environment has been proposed to be associated with childhood sleep health, to our knowledge no study has investigated the association between home renovation and childhood sleep problems. METHODS The study included 186,470 children aged 6-18 years from the National Chinese Children Health Study (2012-2018). We measured childhood sleeping problems via the Chinese version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (C-SDSC). Information on home renovation exposure within the recent 2 years was collected via parent report. We estimated associations between home renovation and various sleeping problems, defined using both continuous and categorized (binary) C-SDSC t-scores, using generalized mixed models. We fitted models with city as a random effect variable, and other covariates as fixed effects. RESULTS Out of the overall participants, 89,732 (48%) were exposed to recent home renovations. Compared to the unexposed group, children exposed to home renovations had higher odds of total sleep disorder (odd ratios [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.4). Associations varied when we considered different types of home renovation materials. Children exposed to multiple types of home renovation had higher odds of sleeping problems. We observed similar findings when considering continuous C-SDSC t-scores. Additionally, sex and age of children modified the associations of home renovation exposure with some of the sleeping problem subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We found that home renovation was associated with higher odds of having sleeping problems and that they varied when considering the type of renovation, cumulative exposure, sex, and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Sen Wang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Han Wu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Elizabeth Bingheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Wei-Hong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pei-En Zhou
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Bo Chen
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Sheng Hu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- From the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wu X, Yang C, Zou Y, Jones SE, Zhao X, Zhang L, Han Z, Hao Y, Xiao J, Xiao C, Zhang W, Yan P, Cui H, Tang M, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Yao Y, Liu Z, Li J, Jiang X, Zhang B. Using human genetics to understand the phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13973. [PMID: 37380357 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the shared genetic influences underlying the observed phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer in women. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study conducted in each trait, we investigated the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship of chronotype with overall breast cancer, and with its subtypes defined by the status of oestrogen receptor. We identified a negative genomic correlation between chronotype and overall breast cancer (r g = -0.06, p = 3.00 × 10-4), consistent across oestrogen receptor-positive (r g = -0.05, p = 3.30 × 10-3) and oestrogen receptor-negative subtypes (r g = -0.05, p = 1.11 × 10-2). Five specific genomic regions were further identified as contributing a significant local genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified 78 loci shared between chronotype and breast cancer, of which 23 were novel. Transcriptome-wide association study revealed 13 shared genes, targeting tissues of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and exocrine/endocrine systems. Mendelian randomisation demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of overall breast cancer (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.94; p = 1.30 × 10-4) for genetically predicted morning chronotype. No reverse causality was found. Our work demonstrates an intrinsic link underlying chronotype and breast cancer, which may provide clues to inform management of sleep habits to improve female health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhitong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Iatrical Polymer Material and Artificial Apparatus, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Odriozola A, González A, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Sleep regulation and host genetics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:497-535. [PMID: 38908905 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial and complex nature of rest, we focus on phenotypes related to sleep. Sleep regulation is a multifactorial process. In this chapter, we focus on those phenotypes inherent to sleep that are highly prevalent in the population, and that can be modulated by lifestyle, such as sleep quality and duration, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and daytime sleepiness. We, therefore, leave in the background those phenotypes that constitute infrequent pathologies or for which the current level of scientific evidence does not favour the implementation of practical approaches of this type. Similarly, the regulation of sleep quality is intimately linked to the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Although this relationship is discussed in the sections that require it, the in-depth study of circadian rhythm regulation at the molecular level deserves a separate chapter, and this is how it is dealt with in this volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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18
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Wang S, Wang K, Chen X, Lin S. The relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid nodules and sleep traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1325538. [PMID: 38562570 PMCID: PMC10982365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1325538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested a potential association between Autoimmune thyroid disease Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits, but the evidence is limited and controversial, and the exact causal relationship remains uncertain. Objective Therefore, we employed a MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between Autoimmune thyroid disease, Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits. Methods To explore the interplay between Autoimmune thyroid disease Thyroid nodules and Sleep Traits, we employed MR studies utilizing summary statistics derived from GWAS in individuals of European ancestry. To ensure robustness, multiple techniques were employed to assess the stability of the causal effect, including random-effect inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q value. Additionally, we investigated the presence of horizontal pleiotropy through MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO. Results The IVW method indicates a significant causal relationship between "Getting up" and autoimmune hypothyroidism, as revealed by the IVW method (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.78, P-value = 1.99e-4). Additionally, there might be a potential correlation between sleep duration and autoimmune hypothyroidism (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.79, P-value = 0.024). Moreover, the observed potential positive link between daytime nap and thyroid nodules (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.58, P-value = 0.023) is subject to caution, as subsequent MR PRESSO testing reveals the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, raising concerns about the reliability of the findings. The findings suggested a potential inverse association between Autoimmune hypothyroidism and Getting up (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.00, P-value = 6.66e-3).As the results of MR-Egger method(OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.02, P-value = 0.742) exhibited an opposing trend to that observed with the IVW method and the results did not reach significance after P-value correction. Conclusion The results of our study reveal a notable cause-and-effect relationship between Getting up and Autoimmune hypothyroidism, indicating its potential role as a protective factor against this condition. However, no causal connection was observed between sleep traits and Graves' disease or Thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shaoda Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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19
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von Schantz M, Knutson K. Do not take their word for it-moving towards objective measures in sleep epidemiology. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae009. [PMID: 38204329 PMCID: PMC10925820 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm von Schantz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Kristen Knutson
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Fei CJ, Li ZY, Ning J, Yang L, Wu BS, Kang JJ, Liu WS, He XY, You J, Chen SD, Yu H, Huang ZL, Feng JF, Yu JT, Cheng W. Exome sequencing identifies genes associated with sleep-related traits. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:576-589. [PMID: 38177695 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is vital for human health and has a moderate heritability. Previous genome-wide association studies have limitations in capturing the role of rare genetic variants in sleep-related traits. Here we conducted a large-scale exome-wide association study of eight sleep-related traits (sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, ease of getting up in the morning, snoring and sleep apnoea) among 450,000 participants from UK Biobank. We identified 22 new genes associated with chronotype (ADGRL4, COL6A3, CLK4 and KRTAP3-3), daytime sleepiness (ST3GAL1 and ANKRD12), daytime napping (PLEKHM1, ANKRD12 and ZBTB21), snoring (WDR59) and sleep apnoea (13 genes). Notably, 20 of these genes were confirmed to be significantly associated with sleep disorders in the FinnGen cohort. Enrichment analysis revealed that these discovered genes were enriched in circadian rhythm and central nervous system neurons. Phenotypic association analysis showed that ANKRD12 was associated with cognition and inflammatory traits. Our results demonstrate the value of large-scale whole-exome analysis in understanding the genetic architecture of sleep-related traits and potential biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Fei
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Jiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Shi Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia You
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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22
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Wendt A, Bielemann RM, Wehrmeister FC, Ricardo LIC, Müller WDA, Machado AKF, da Cruz MF, Bertoldi AD, Brage S, Ekelund U, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Crochemore-Silva I. Is rest-activity rhythm prospectively associated with all-cause mortality in older people regardless of sleep and physical activity level? The 'Como Vai?' Cohort study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298031. [PMID: 38363743 PMCID: PMC10871497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the association of rest-activity rhythm (intradaily variability and interdaily stability) with all-cause mortality in an older adult cohort in Brazil. It also assesses whether the amount of time spent at each intensity level (i.e., physical activity and nocturnal sleep) interferes with this association. METHODS This cohort study started in 2014 with older adults (≥60 years). We investigated deaths from all causes that occurred until April 2017. Rest-activity rhythm variables were obtained using accelerometry at baseline. Intradaily variability indicates higher rhythm fragmentation, while interdaily stability indicates higher rhythm stability. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to test the associations controlling for confounders. RESULTS Among the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 965 presented valid accelerometry data. During the follow-up period, 80 individuals died. After adjusting the analysis for sociodemographic, smoking, morbidity score, and number of medicines, an increase of one standard deviation in interdaily stability decreased 26% the risk of death. The adjustment for total sleep time and inactivity did not change this association. On the other hand, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for overall physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION Rest-activity rhythm pattern was not associated with mortality when physical activity was considered, possibly because this pattern could be driven by regular exercise. Promoting physical activity remains a relevant strategy to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wendt
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata Moraes Bielemann
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza I. C. Ricardo
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Andréa D. Bertoldi
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Inácio Crochemore-Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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23
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Broberg M, Helaakoski V, Kiiskinen T, Paunio T, Jones SE, Mars N, Lane JM, Saxena R, Ollila HM. Genetics of sleep medication purchases suggests causality from sleep problems to psychiatric traits. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad279. [PMID: 37982563 PMCID: PMC10851853 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Over 10% of the population in Europe and in the United States use sleep medication to manage sleep problems. Our objective was to elucidate genetic risk factors and clinical correlates that contribute to sleep medication purchase and estimate the comorbid impact of sleep problems. METHODS We performed epidemiological analysis for psychiatric diagnoses, and genetic association studies of sleep medication purchase in 797 714 individuals from FinnGen Release 7 (N = 311 892) and from the UK Biobank (N = 485 822). Post-association analyses included genetic correlation, co-localization, Mendelian randomization (MR), and polygenic risk estimation. RESULTS In a GWAS we identified 27 genetic loci significantly associated with sleep medication, located in genes associated with sleep; AUTS2, CACNA1C, MEIS1, KIRREL3, PAX8, GABRA2, psychiatric traits; CACNA1C, HIST1H2BD, NUDT12. TOPAZ1 and TSNARE1. Co-localization and expression analysis emphasized effects on the KPNA2, GABRA2, and CACNA1C expression in the brain. Sleep medications use was epidemiologically related to psychiatric traits in FinnGen (OR [95% (CI)] = 3.86 [3.78 to 3.94], p < 2 × 10-16), and the association was accentuated by genetic correlation and MR; depression (rg = 0.55 (0.027), p = 2.86 × 10-89, p MR = 4.5 × 10-5), schizophrenia (rg = 0.25 (0.026), p = 2.52 × 10-21, p MR = 2 × 10-4), and anxiety (rg = 0.44 (0.047), p = 2.88 × 10-27, p MR = 8.6 × 10-12). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the genetics behind sleep problems and the association between sleep problems and psychiatric traits. Our results highlight the scientific basis for sleep management in treating the impact of psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Broberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viola Helaakoski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA and
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA and
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Morrison CL, Winiger EA, Wright KP, Friedman NP. Multivariate genome-wide association study of sleep health demonstrates unity and diversity. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad320. [PMID: 38109788 PMCID: PMC10851865 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent push to focus sleep research less on disordered sleep and more on the dimensional sleep health. Sleep health incorporates several dimensions of sleep: chronotype, efficiency, daytime alertness, duration, regularity, and satisfaction with sleep. A previous study demonstrated sleep health domains correlate only moderately with each other at the genomic level (|rGs| = 0.11-0.51) and show unique relationships with psychiatric domains (controlling for shared variances, duration, alertness, and non-insomnia independently related to a factor for internalizing psychopathology). Of the domains assessed, circadian preference was the least genetically correlated with all other facets of sleep health. This pattern is important because it suggests sleep health should be considered a multifaceted construct rather than a unitary construct. Prior genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have vastly increased our knowledge of the biological underpinnings of specific sleep traits but have only focused on univariate analyses. We present the first multivariate GWAS of sleep and circadian health (multivariate circadian preference, efficiency, and alertness factors, and three single-indicator factors of insomnia, duration, and regularity) using genomic structural equation modeling. We replicated loci found in prior sleep GWASs, but also discovered "novel" loci for each factor and found little evidence for genomic heterogeneity. While we saw overlapping genomic enrichment in subcortical brain regions and shared associations with external traits, much of the genetic architecture (loci, mapped genes, and enriched pathways) was diverse among sleep domains. These results confirm sleep health as a family of correlated but genetically distinct domains, which has important health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Morrison
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Evan A Winiger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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25
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Goodman MO, Faquih T, Paz V, Nagarajan P, Lane JM, Spitzer B, Maher M, Chung J, Cade BE, Purcell SM, Zhu X, Noordam R, Phillips AJK, Kyle SD, Spiegelhalder K, Weedon MN, Lawlor DA, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Isasi CR, Sofer T, Dashti HS, Rutter MK, Redline S, Saxena R, Wang H. Genome-wide association analysis of composite sleep health scores in 413,904 individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.02.24302211. [PMID: 38352337 PMCID: PMC10863010 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24302211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of several individual sleep traits have identified hundreds of genetic loci, suggesting diverse mechanisms. Moreover, sleep traits are moderately correlated, and together may provide a more complete picture of sleep health, while also illuminating distinct domains. Here we construct novel sleep health scores (SHSs) incorporating five core self-report measures: sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, using additive (SHS-ADD) and five principal components-based (SHS-PCs) approaches. GWASs of these six SHSs identify 28 significant novel loci adjusting for multiple testing on six traits (p<8.3e-9), along with 341 previously reported loci (p<5e-08). The heritability of the first three SHS-PCs equals or exceeds that of SHS-ADD (SNP-h2=0.094), while revealing sleep-domain-specific genetic discoveries. Significant loci enrich in multiple brain tissues and in metabolic and neuronal pathways. Post GWAS analyses uncover novel genetic mechanisms underlying sleep health and reveal connections to behavioral, psychological, and cardiometabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Goodman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tariq Faquih
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Paz
- Instituto de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavithra Nagarajan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Spitzer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Maher
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joon Chung
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. K. Phillips
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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Deng L, Fu S, Yu K. Bias and mean squared error in Mendelian randomization with invalid instrumental variables. Genet Epidemiol 2024; 48:27-41. [PMID: 37970963 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical method that utilizes genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to investigate causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. Although MR has gained popularity in recent years due to its ability to analyze summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it requires a substantial number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as IVs to ensure sufficient power for detecting causal effects. Unfortunately, the complex genetic heritability of many traits can lead to the use of invalid IVs that affect both the risk factor and the outcome directly or through an unobserved confounder. This can result in biased and imprecise estimates, as reflected by a larger mean squared error (MSE). In this study, we focus on the widely used two-stage least squares (2SLS) method and derive formulas for its bias and MSE when estimating causal effects using invalid IVs. Using those formulas, we identify conditions under which the 2SLS estimate is unbiased and reveal how the independent or correlated pleiotropic effects influence the accuracy and precision of the 2SLS estimate. We validate these formulas through extensive simulation studies and demonstrate the application of those formulas in an MR study to evaluate the causal effect of the waist-to-hip ratio on various sleeping patterns. Our results can aid in designing future MR studies and serve as benchmarks for assessing more sophisticated MR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Fu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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27
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Weston G, Zilanawala A, Webb E, Carvalho L, McMunn A. Work hours, weekend working, nonstandard work schedules and sleep quantity and quality: findings from the UK household longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38281025 PMCID: PMC10821573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical temporal work patterns such as working longer than the standard 35-40 h/ week, weekend working, and nonstandard work schedules (i.e. outside of the typical 9-5, including but not restricted to shiftwork) are increasingly prevalent in the UK. Aside from occupation-specific studies, little is known about the effects of these atypical temporal work patterns on sleep among workers in the UK, even though poor sleep has been linked to adverse health problems, lower workplace productivity, and economic costs. METHOD We used regression models to investigate associations between three types of atypical temporal work patterns (long and short weekly work hours, weekend working, and nonstandard schedules) and sleep duration and disturbance using data from over 25,000 employed men and women from 2012-2014 and/or 2015-2017 in the UK Household Longitudinal Study, adjusting for potential confounders and psychosocial work factors. RESULTS We found that relative to a standard 35-40 h/week, working 55 h/week or more was related to short sleep (less than 7 h/night) and sleep disturbance. Working most/all weekends compared to non-weekends was associated with short sleep, long sleep (more than 8 h/night), and sleep disturbance, as was working nonstandard schedules relative to standard schedules (fixed day-time schedules). Further analyses suggested some gender differences. CONCLUSIONS These results should prompt employers and policymakers to recognise the need for rest and recovery, consider how the timing and scheduling of work might be improved to better support workers' health and productivity, and consider appropriate compensation for anyone required to work atypical temporal work patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Weston
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Afshin Zilanawala
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Webb
- Age UK, 7th Floor, One America Square, 17 Crosswall, London, EC3N 2LB, UK
| | - Livia Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anne McMunn
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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28
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Dzeng RJ, Watanabe K, Hsueh HH, Fu CK. A GRU-Based Model for Detecting Common Accidents of Construction Workers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:672. [PMID: 38276363 PMCID: PMC10818701 DOI: 10.3390/s24020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fall accidents in the construction industry have been studied over several decades and identified as a common hazard and the leading cause of fatalities. Inertial sensors have recently been used to detect accidents of workers in construction sites, such as falls or trips. IMU-based systems for detecting fall-related accidents have been developed and have yielded satisfactory accuracy in laboratory settings. Nevertheless, the existing systems fail to uphold consistent accuracy and produce a significant number of false alarms when deployed in real-world settings, primarily due to the intricate nature of the working environments and the behaviors of the workers. In this research, the authors redesign the aforementioned laboratory experiment to target situations that are prone to false alarms based on the feedback obtained from workers in real construction sites. In addition, a new algorithm based on recurrent neural networks was developed to reduce the frequencies of various types of false alarms. The proposed model outperforms the existing benchmark model (i.e., hierarchical threshold model) with higher sensitivities and fewer false alarms in detecting stumble (100% sensitivity vs. 40%) and fall (95% sensitivity vs. 65%) events. However, the model did not outperform the hierarchical model in detecting coma events in terms of sensitivity (70% vs. 100%), but it did generate fewer false alarms (5 false alarms vs. 13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jye Dzeng
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka 424–8610, Japan;
| | - Hsien-Hui Hsueh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Kai Fu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
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29
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Levine Z, Kalka I, Kolobkov D, Rossman H, Godneva A, Shilo S, Keshet A, Weissglas-Volkov D, Shor T, Diament A, Talmor-Barkan Y, Aviv Y, Sharon T, Weinberger A, Segal E. Genome-wide association studies and polygenic risk score phenome-wide association studies across complex phenotypes in the human phenotype project. MED 2024; 5:90-101.e4. [PMID: 38157848 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) associate phenotypes and genetic variants across a study cohort. GWASs require large-scale cohorts with both phenotype and genetic sequencing data, limiting studied phenotypes. The Human Phenotype Project is a longitudinal study that has measured a wide range of clinical and biomolecular features from a self-assignment cohort over 5 years. The phenotypes collected are quantitative traits, providing higher-resolution insights into the genetics of complex phenotypes. METHODS We present the results of GWASs and polygenic risk score phenome-wide association studies with 729 clinical phenotypes and 4,043 molecular features from the Human Phenotype Project. This includes clinical traits that have not been previously associated with genetics, including measures from continuous sleep monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring, liver ultrasound, hormonal status, and fundus imaging. FINDINGS In GWAS of 8,706 individuals, we found significant associations between 169 clinical traits and 1,184 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found genes associated with both glycemic control and mental disorders, and we quantify the strength of genetic signals in serum metabolites. In polygenic risk score phenome-wide association studies for clinical traits, we found 16,047 significant associations. CONCLUSIONS The entire set of findings, which we disseminate publicly, provides newfound resolution into the genetic architecture of complex human phenotypes. FUNDING E.S. is supported by the Minerva foundation with funding from the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research and by the European Research Council and the Israel Science Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Levine
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iris Kalka
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dmitry Kolobkov
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Rossman
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Smadar Shilo
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ayya Keshet
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Weissglas-Volkov
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Shor
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Diament
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yeela Talmor-Barkan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Yaron Aviv
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Tom Sharon
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Pheno.AI, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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30
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Wilcox H, Paz V, Saxena R, Winkelman JW, Garfield V, Dashti HS. The Role of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Anorexia Nervosa. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2350358. [PMID: 38175645 PMCID: PMC10767597 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Observational studies have associated anorexia nervosa with circadian rhythms and sleep traits. However, the direction of causality and the extent of confounding by psychosocial comorbidities in these associations are unknown. Objectives To investigate the association between anorexia nervosa and circadian and sleep traits through mendelian randomization and to test the associations between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for anorexia nervosa and sleep disorders in a clinical biobank. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study used bidirectional 2-sample mendelian randomization with summary-level genetic associations between anorexia nervosa (from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and chronotype and sleep traits (primarily from the UK Biobank). The inverse-variance weighted method, in addition to other sensitivity approaches, was used. From the clinical Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank (n = 47 082), a PRS for anorexia nervosa was calculated for each patient and associations were tested with prevalent sleep disorders derived from electronic health records. Patients were of European ancestry. All analyses were performed between February and August 2023. Exposures Genetic instruments for anorexia nervosa, chronotype, daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep duration. Main Outcomes and Measures Chronotype, sleep traits, risk of anorexia nervosa, and sleep disorders derived from a clinical biobank. Results The anorexia nervosa genome-wide association study included 16 992 cases (87.7%-97.4% female) and 55 525 controls (49.6%-63.4% female). Genetic liability for anorexia nervosa was associated with a more morning chronotype (β = 0.039; 95% CI, 0.006-0.072), and conversely, genetic liability for morning chronotype was associated with increased risk of anorexia nervosa (β = 0.178; 95% CI, 0.042-0.315). Associations were robust in sensitivity and secondary analyses. Genetic liability for insomnia was associated with increased risk of anorexia nervosa (β = 0.369; 95% CI, 0.073-0.666); however, sensitivity analyses indicated bias due to horizontal pleiotropy. The MGB Biobank analysis included 47 082 participants with a mean (SD) age of 60.4 (17.0) years and 25 318 (53.8%) were female. A PRS for anorexia nervosa was associated with organic or persistent insomnia in the MGB Biobank (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17). No associations were evident for anorexia nervosa with other sleep traits. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that in contrast to other metabo-psychiatric diseases, anorexia nervosa is a morningness eating disorder and further corroborate findings implicating insomnia in anorexia nervosa. Future studies in diverse populations and with subtypes of anorexia nervosa are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wilcox
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Valentina Paz
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Instituto de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John W. Winkelman
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Sleep Disorders Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Victoria Garfield
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Zhang Z, Tanaka I, Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Ernst PB, Kiyono H, Kurashima Y. Glycoprotein 2 as a gut gate keeper for mucosal equilibrium between inflammation and immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:493-507. [PMID: 38170255 PMCID: PMC11136868 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is a widely distributed protein in the digestive tract, contributing to mucosal barrier maintenance, immune homeostasis, and antigen-specific immune response, while also being linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. This review sheds light on the extensive distribution of GP2 within the gastrointestinal tract and its intricate interplay with the immune system. Furthermore, the significance of GP2 autoantibodies in diagnosing and categorizing IBD is underscored, alongside the promising therapeutic avenues for modulating GP2 to regulate immunity and maintain mucosal balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Chiba University Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanaka
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Chiba University Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
| | - Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Chiba University Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Peter B Ernst
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Chiba University Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, USA
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- HanaVax Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Chiba University Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University-University of California San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine (CU-UCSD cMAV), San Diego, CA, USA.
- Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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32
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Goodman MO, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Windred DP, Burns A, Jones SE, Sofer T, Purcell SM, Zhu X, Ollila HM, Kyle SD, Spiegelhalder K, Peker Y, Huang T, Cain SW, Phillips AJK, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Redline S, Wang H. Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030568. [PMID: 38084713 PMCID: PMC10863774 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined 3 sleep duration subtypes of excessive daytime sleepiness: normal (6-9 hours), short (<6 hours), and long (>9 hours), and compared these with a nonsleepy, normal-sleep-duration reference group. We analyzed their associations with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke using medical records of 355 901 UK Biobank participants and performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization for each outcome. Compared with healthy sleep, long-sleep EDS was associated with an 83% increased rate of MI (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.21-2.77]) during 8.2-year median follow-up, adjusting for multiple health and sociodemographic factors. Mendelian randomization analysis provided supporting evidence of a causal role for a genetic long-sleep EDS subtype in MI (inverse-variance weighted β=1.995, P=0.001). In contrast, we did not find evidence that other subtypes of EDS were associated with incident MI or any associations with stroke (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the previous evidence linking EDS with increased cardiovascular disease risk may be primarily driven by the effect of its long-sleep subtype on higher risk of MI. Underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated but may involve sleep irregularity and circadian disruption, suggesting a need for novel interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Goodman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel P. Windred
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Angus Burns
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Centre–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yuksel Peker
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
- Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Sean W. Cain
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. K. Phillips
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism CentreManchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
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Lin C, Chen IM, Chuang HH, Wang ZW, Lin HH, Lin YH. Examining Human-Smartphone Interaction as a Proxy for Circadian Rhythm in Patients With Insomnia: Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e48044. [PMID: 38100195 PMCID: PMC10757227 DOI: 10.2196/48044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sleep and circadian rhythm patterns associated with smartphone use, which are influenced by mental activities, might be closely linked to sleep quality and depressive symptoms, similar to the conventional actigraphy-based assessments of physical activity. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to develop app-defined circadian rhythm and sleep indicators and compare them with actigraphy-derived measures. Additionally, we aimed to explore the clinical correlations of these indicators in individuals with insomnia and healthy controls. METHODS The mobile app "Rhythm" was developed to record smartphone use time stamps and calculate circadian rhythms in 33 patients with insomnia and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, totaling 2097 person-days. Simultaneously, we used standard actigraphy to quantify participants' sleep-wake cycles. Sleep indicators included sleep onset, wake time (WT), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and the number of awakenings (NAWK). Circadian rhythm metrics quantified the relative amplitude, interdaily stability, and intradaily variability based on either smartphone use or physical activity data. RESULTS Comparisons between app-defined and actigraphy-defined sleep onsets, WTs, total sleep times, and NAWK did not reveal any significant differences (all P>.05). Both app-defined and actigraphy-defined sleep indicators successfully captured clinical features of insomnia, indicating prolonged WASO, increased NAWK, and delayed sleep onset and WT in patients with insomnia compared with healthy controls. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were positively correlated with WASO and NAWK, regardless of whether they were measured by the app or actigraphy. Depressive symptom scores were positively correlated with app-defined intradaily variability (β=9.786, SD 3.756; P=.01) and negatively correlated with actigraphy-based relative amplitude (β=-21.693, SD 8.214; P=.01), indicating disrupted circadian rhythmicity in individuals with depression. However, depressive symptom scores were negatively correlated with actigraphy-based intradaily variability (β=-7.877, SD 3.110; P=.01) and not significantly correlated with app-defined relative amplitude (β=-3.859, SD 12.352; P=.76). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of smartphone-derived sleep and circadian rhythms as digital biomarkers, complementing standard actigraphy indicators. Although significant correlations with clinical manifestations of insomnia were observed, limitations in the evidence and the need for further research on predictive utility should be considered. Nonetheless, smartphone data hold promise for enhancing sleep monitoring and mental health assessments in digital health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Hua Chuang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch and Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Wen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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34
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Sbornova I, van der Sande E, Milosavljevic S, Amurrio E, Burbano SD, Das PK, Do HH, Fisher JL, Kargbo P, Patel J, Porcher L, De Zeeuw CI, Meester-Smoor MA, Winkelman BHJ, Klaver CCW, Pocivavsek A, Kelly MP. The Sleep Quality- and Myopia-Linked PDE11A-Y727C Variant Impacts Neural Physiology by Reducing Catalytic Activity and Altering Subcellular Compartmentalization of the Enzyme. Cells 2023; 12:2839. [PMID: 38132157 PMCID: PMC10742168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a Y727C variant in the dual-specific 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A-Y727C) was linked to increased sleep quality and reduced myopia risk in humans. Given the well-established role that the PDE11 substrates cAMP and cGMP play in eye physiology and sleep, we determined if (1) PDE11A protein is expressed in the retina or other eye segments in mice, (2) PDE11A-Y7272C affects catalytic activity and/or subcellular compartmentalization more so than the nearby suicide-associated PDE11A-M878V variant, and (3) Pde11a deletion alters eye growth or sleep quality in male and female mice. Western blots show distinct protein expression of PDE11A4, but not PDE11A1-3, in eyes of Pde11a WT, but not KO mice, that vary by eye segment and age. In HT22 and COS-1 cells, PDE11A4-Y727C reduces PDE11A4 catalytic activity far more than PDE11A4-M878V, with both variants reducing PDE11A4-cAMP more so than PDE11A4-cGMP activity. Despite this, Pde11a deletion does not alter age-related changes in retinal or lens thickness or axial length, nor vitreous or anterior chamber depth. Further, Pde11a deletion only minimally changes refractive error and sleep quality. That said, both variants also dramatically alter the subcellular compartmentalization of human and mouse PDE11A4, an effect occurring independently of dephosphorylating PDE11A4-S117/S124 or phosphorylating PDE11A4-S162. Rather, re-compartmentalization of PDE11A4-Y727C is due to the loss of the tyrosine changing how PDE11A4 is packaged/repackaged via the trans-Golgi network. Therefore, the protective impact of the Y727C variant may reflect a gain-of-function (e.g., PDE11A4 displacing another PDE) that warrants further investigation in the context of reversing/preventing sleep disturbances or myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sbornova
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Emilie van der Sande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Snezana Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Elvis Amurrio
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Steven D. Burbano
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Prosun K. Das
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Helen H. Do
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Porschderek Kargbo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Janvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend H. J. Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Mittlere Strasse 91, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Michy P. Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (P.K.D.); (J.P.)
- Center for Research on Aging, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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35
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Huang T. Another benefit of regular sleep. eLife 2023; 12:e94131. [PMID: 38038345 PMCID: PMC10691798 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large observational study has found that irregular sleep-wake patterns are associated with a higher risk of overall mortality, and also mortality from cancers and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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36
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Xu Y, Barnes VA, Harris RA, Altvater M, Williams C, Norland K, Looney J, Crandall R, Su S, Wang X. Sleep Variability, Sleep Irregularity, and Nighttime Blood Pressure Dipping. Hypertension 2023; 80:2621-2626. [PMID: 37800322 PMCID: PMC10873041 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm regulates many important biological functions in humans. The goal of this study is to explore the impact of day-to-day deviations in the sleep-wake cycle on nighttime blood pressure (BP) dipping and further examine whether the ethnic difference in day-to-day deviations in sleep patterns can explain the ethnic difference in nighttime BP dipping. METHODS Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and 7-day accelerometer data were obtained from 365 adult participants (age range, 18.7-50.1 years; 52.6% Black participants and 47.3% European Americans; 64.1% females). Systolic BP dipping level was used to represent nighttime BP dipping. The SD of sleep duration was calculated as the index of sleep variability, and the SD of sleep midpoint was calculated as the index of sleep irregularity. RESULTS A 1-hour increase in the SD of sleep midpoint was associated with a 1.16% decrease in nighttime BP dipping (P<0.001). A 1-hour increase in the SD of sleep duration was associated with a 1.39% decrease in nighttime BP dipping (P=0.017). The ethnic difference in the SD of sleep midpoint can explain 29.2% of the ethnicity difference in BP dipping (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Sleep variability and sleep irregularity are associated with blunted BP dipping in the general population. In addition, data from the present investigation also demonstrate that the ethnic difference in sleep irregularity could partly explain the ethnic difference in BP dipping, an important finding that may help reduce the health disparity between Black participants and European Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine (Y.X., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Vernon A Barnes
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Michelle Altvater
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Celestine Williams
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Kimberly Norland
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Reva Crandall
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute (Y.X., V.A.B., R.A.H., M.A., C.W., K.N., J.L., R.C., S.S., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine (Y.X., X.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA
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37
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Skeldon AC, Rodriguez Garcia T, Cleator SF, della Monica C, Ravindran KKG, Revell VL, Dijk DJ. Method to determine whether sleep phenotypes are driven by endogenous circadian rhythms or environmental light by combining longitudinal data and personalised mathematical models. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011743. [PMID: 38134229 PMCID: PMC10817199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep timing varies between individuals and can be altered in mental and physical health conditions. Sleep and circadian sleep phenotypes, including circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, may be driven by endogenous physiological processes, exogeneous environmental light exposure along with social constraints and behavioural factors. Identifying the relative contributions of these driving factors to different phenotypes is essential for the design of personalised interventions. The timing of the human sleep-wake cycle has been modelled as an interaction of a relaxation oscillator (the sleep homeostat), a stable limit cycle oscillator with a near 24-hour period (the circadian process), man-made light exposure and the natural light-dark cycle generated by the Earth's rotation. However, these models have rarely been used to quantitatively describe sleep at the individual level. Here, we present a new Homeostatic-Circadian-Light model (HCL) which is simpler, more transparent and more computationally efficient than other available models and is designed to run using longitudinal sleep and light exposure data from wearable sensors. We carry out a systematic sensitivity analysis for all model parameters and discuss parameter identifiability. We demonstrate that individual sleep phenotypes in each of 34 older participants (65-83y) can be described by feeding individual participant light exposure patterns into the model and fitting two parameters that capture individual average sleep duration and timing. The fitted parameters describe endogenous drivers of sleep phenotypes. We then quantify exogenous drivers using a novel metric which encodes the circadian phase dependence of the response to light. Combining endogenous and exogeneous drivers better explains individual mean mid-sleep (adjusted R-squared 0.64) than either driver on its own (adjusted R-squared 0.08 and 0.17 respectively). Critically, our model and analysis highlights that different people exhibiting the same sleep phenotype may have different driving factors and opens the door to personalised interventions to regularize sleep-wake timing that are readily implementable with current digital health technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Skeldon
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia Rodriguez Garcia
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean F. Cleator
- School of Mathematics & Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro della Monica
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran K. G. Ravindran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Revell
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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38
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Paz V, Dashti HS, Burgess S, Garfield V. Selection of genetic instruments in Mendelian randomisation studies of sleep traits. Sleep Med 2023; 112:342-351. [PMID: 37956646 PMCID: PMC7615498 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the criteria used for the selection of genetic instruments of sleep traits in the context of Mendelian randomisation studies. This work was motivated by the fact that instrument selection is the most important decision when designing a Mendelian randomisation study. As far as we are aware, no review has sought to address this to date, even though the number of these studies is growing rapidly. The review is divided into the following sections which are essential for genetic instrument selection: 1) Single-gene region vs polygenic analysis; 2) Polygenic analysis: biologically-vs statistically-driven approaches; 3) P-value; 4) Linkage disequilibrium clumping; 5) Sample overlap; 6) Type of exposure; 7) Total (R2) and average strength (F-statistic) metrics; 8) Number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms; 9) Minor allele frequency and palindromic variants; 10) Confounding. Our main aim is to discuss how instrumental choice impacts analysis and compare the strategies that Mendelian randomisation studies of sleep traits have used. We hope that our review will enable more researchers to take a more considered approach when selecting genetic instruments for sleep exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paz
- Instituto de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Tristán Narvaja, 1674, Montevideo, 11200, Uruguay; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Edwards 4-410C, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Victoria Garfield
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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Sbornova I, van der Sande E, Milosavljevic S, Amurrio E, Burbano SD, Das P, Do H, Fisher JL, Kargbo P, Patel J, Porcher L, De Zeeuw CI, Meester-Smoor MA, Winkelman BH, Klaver CC, Pocivavsek A, Kelly MP. The sleep quality- and myopia-linked PDE11A-Y727C variant impacts neural physiology by reducing catalytic activity and altering subcellular compartmentalization of the enzyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.567422. [PMID: 38014312 PMCID: PMC10680747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a Y727C variant in the dual-specific 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A-Y727C) was linked to increased sleep quality and reduced myopia risk in humans. Given the well-established role that the PDE11 substrates cAMP and cGMP play in eye physiology and sleep, we determined if 1) PDE11A protein is expressed in the retina or other eye segments in mouse, 2) PDE11A-Y7272C affects catalytic activity and/or subcellular compartmentalization more so than the nearby suicide-associated PDE11A-M878V variant, and 3) Pde11a deletion alters eye growth or sleep quality in male and female mice. Western blots show distinct protein expression of PDE11A4, but not PDE11A1-3, in eyes of Pde11a WT-but not KO mice-that vary by eye segment and age. In HT22 and COS-1 cells, PDE11A4-Y727C reduces PDE11A4 catalytic activity far more than PDE11A4-M878V, with both variants reducing PDE11A4-cAMP more so than PDE11A4-cGMP activity. Despite this, Pde11a deletion does not alter age-related changes in retinal or lens thickness, axial length, nor vitreous or anterior chamber depth. Further, Pde11a deletion only minimally changes refractive error and sleep quality. That said, both variants also dramatically alter the subcellular compartmentalization of human and mouse PDE11A4, an effect occurring independently of dephosphorylating PDE11A4-S117/S124 or phosphorylating PDE11A4-S162. Rather, re-compartmentalization of PDE11A4-Y727C is due to the loss of the tyrosine changing how PDE11A4 is packaged/repackaged via the trans-Golgi network. Therefore, the protective impact of the Y727C variant may reflect a gain-of-function (e.g., PDE11A4 displacing another PDE) that warrants further investigation in the context of reversing/preventing sleep disturbances or myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sbornova
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Emilie van der Sande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Snezana Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC
| | - Elvis Amurrio
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Steven D. Burbano
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Prosun Das
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Helen Do
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC
| | - Porschderek Kargbo
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Janvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend H.J. Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C.W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Mittlere Strasse 91, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC
| | - Michy P. Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Center for Research on Aging, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Rojo D, Dal Cengio L, Badner A, Kim S, Sakai N, Greene J, Dierckx T, Mehl LC, Eisinger E, Ransom J, Arellano-Garcia C, Gumma ME, Soyk RL, Lewis CM, Lam M, Weigel MK, Damonte VM, Yalçın B, Jones SE, Ollila HM, Nishino S, Gibson EM. BMAL1 loss in oligodendroglia contributes to abnormal myelination and sleep. Neuron 2023; 111:3604-3618.e11. [PMID: 37657440 PMCID: PMC10873033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Myelination depends on the maintenance of oligodendrocytes that arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We show that OPC-specific proliferation, morphology, and BMAL1 are time-of-day dependent. Knockout of Bmal1 in mouse OPCs during development disrupts the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythms, proliferation, density, morphology, and migration, leading to changes in OPC dynamics in a spatiotemporal manner. Furthermore, these deficits translate into thinner myelin, dysregulated cognitive and motor functions, and sleep fragmentation. OPC-specific Bmal1 loss in adulthood does not alter OPC density at baseline but impairs the remyelination of a demyelinated lesion driven by changes in OPC morphology and migration. Lastly, we show that sleep fragmentation is associated with increased prevalence of the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a link between MS and sleep that requires further investigation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications for brain disorders that include both myelin and sleep phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louisa Dal Cengio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Greene
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lindsey C Mehl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ella Eisinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia Ransom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caroline Arellano-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad E Gumma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca L Soyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheyanne M Lewis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maya K Weigel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Valentina Martinez Damonte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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41
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Richmond RC, Howe LJ, Heilbron K, Jones S, Liu J, Wang X, Weedon MN, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Vetter C. Correlations in sleeping patterns and circadian preference between spouses. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1156. [PMID: 37957254 PMCID: PMC10643442 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spouses may affect each other's sleeping behaviour. In 47,420 spouse-pairs from the UK Biobank, we found a weak positive phenotypic correlation between spouses for self-reported sleep duration (r = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.12) and a weak inverse correlation for chronotype (diurnal preference) (r = -0.11; -0.12, -0.10), which replicated in up to 127,035 23andMe spouse-pairs. Using accelerometer data on 3454 UK Biobank spouse-pairs, the correlation for derived sleep duration was similar to self-report (r = 0.12; 0.09, 0.15). Timing of diurnal activity was positively correlated (r = 0.24; 0.21, 0.27) in contrast to the inverse correlation for chronotype. In Mendelian randomization analysis, positive effects of sleep duration (mean difference=0.13; 0.04, 0.23 SD per SD) and diurnal activity (0.49; 0.03, 0.94) were observed, as were inverse effects of chronotype (-0.15; -0.26, -0.04) and snoring (-0.15; -0.27, -0.04). Findings support the notion that an individual's sleep may impact that of their partner, promoting opportunities for sleep interventions at the family-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laurence J Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Karl Heilbron
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Junxi Liu
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Oxford Population Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Wang
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Circadian and Sleep Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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42
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Sexton CE, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2008-2022. [PMID: 37798367 PMCID: PMC10663160 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration-which is shorter than current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging Working Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Hu J, Lu J, Lu Q, Weng W, Guan Z, Wang Z. Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses reveal an association between short sleep duration or morning chronotype and altered leukocyte telomere length. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1014. [PMID: 37803147 PMCID: PMC10558505 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest certain sleep traits are associated with telomere length, but the causal nature of these associations is unclear. The study aimed to determine the causal associations between 11 sleep-related traits and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) through two-sample Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses using the summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Univariable Mendelian randomization indicates that genetically determined short sleep is associated with decreased LTL, while morning chronotype is associated with increased LTL. Multivariable Mendelian randomization further supports the findings and colocalization analysis identifies shared common genetic variants for these two associations. No genetic evidence is observed for associations between other sleep-related traits and LTL. Sensitivity MR methods, reverse MR and re-running MR after removing potential pleiotropic genetic variants enhance the robustness of the results. These findings indicate that prioritizing morning chronotype and avoiding short sleep is beneficial for attenuating telomere attrition. Consequently, addressing sleep duration and chronotype could serve as practical intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Qiuhan Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Weipin Weng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Zixuan Guan
- Chongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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Chakravorty S, Kember RL, Mazzotti DR, Dashti HS, Toikumo S, Gehrman PR, Kranzler HR. The relationship between alcohol- and sleep-related traits: Results from polygenic risk score and Mendelian randomization analyses. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110912. [PMID: 37591043 PMCID: PMC10638060 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We investigated whether genetic risk for insomnia and sleep duration abnormalities are associated with AUD and alcohol consumption. We also evaluated the causal relationships between sleep- and alcohol-related traits. METHODS Individual-level phenotype and genotype data from the Million Veteran Program were used. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were computed using summary statistics from two recent discovery GWAS of insomnia (N= 453,379 European-ancestry (EA) individuals) and sleep duration (N= 446,118 EAs) and tested for association with lifetime AUD diagnosis (N= 34,658 EA cases) and past-year Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption scale scores (AUDIT-C, N= 200,680 EAs). Bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses assessed causal associations between the two sleep traits and the two alcohol-related traits. RESULTS The insomnia PRS was positively associated with AUD at 2/9 PRS thresholds, with p<0.01 being the most significant (OR = 1.02, p = 3.48 × 10-5). Conversely, insomnia PRS was negatively associated with AUDIT-C at 6/9 PRS thresholds (most significant threshold being p = 0.001 (β = -0.02, p = 5.6 × 10-8). Sleep duration PRS was positively associated with AUDIT-C at 2/9 PRS thresholds, with the most significant threshold being p = 1 × 10-6 (β = 0.01, p = 0.0009). MR analyses supported a significant positive causal effect of insomnia on AUD (14 SNPs; β = 104.14; SE = 16.19; p = 2.22 × 10-5), although with significant heterogeneity. MR analyses also showed that shorter sleep duration had a causal effect on the risk of AUD (27 SNPs; β = -63.05; SE = 3.54; p = 4.55 × 10-16), which was robust to sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION The genetic risk for insomnia shows pleiotropy with AUD, and sleep continuity abnormalities have a causal influence on the development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakravorty
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Philip R Gehrman
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Gao X, Wei T, Xu S, Sun W, Zhang B, Li C, Sui R, Fei N, Li Y, Xu W, Han D. Sleep disorders causally affect the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study. Sleep Med 2023; 110:243-253. [PMID: 37657176 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND s: Previous studies have reported that patients with sleep disorders have altered brain cortical structures. However, the causality has not been determined. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to reveal the causal effect of sleep disorders on brain cortical structure. METHODS We included as exposures 11 phenotypes of sleep disorders including subjective and objective sleep duration, insomnia symptom and poor sleep efficiency, daytime sleepiness (narcolepsy)/napping, morning/evening preference, and four sleep breathing related traits from nine European-descent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Further, outcome variables were provided by ENIGMA Consortium GWAS for full brain and 34 region-specific cortical thickness (TH) and surface area (SA) of grey matter. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary estimate whereas alternative MR methods were implemented as sensitivity analysis approaches to ensure results robustness. RESULTS At the global level, both self-reported or accelerometer-measured shorter sleep duration decreases the thickness of full brain both derived from self-reported data (βIVW = 0.03 mm, standard error (SE) = 0.02, P = 0.038; βIVW = 0.02 mm, SE = 0.01, P = 0.010). At the functional level, there were 66 associations of suggestive evidence of causality. Notably, one robust evidence after multiple testing correction (1518 tests) suggests the without global weighted SA of superior parietal lobule was influenced significantly by sleep efficiency (βIVW = -285.28 mm2, SE = 68.59, P = 3.2 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS We found significant evidence that shorter sleep duration, as estimated by self-reported interview and accelerometer measurements, was causally associated with atrophy in the entire human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Halth, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongcui Sui
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanxi Fei
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy and Research Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Stein MJ, Baurecht H, Sedlmeier AM, Konzok J, Bohmann P, Fontvieille E, Peruchet-Noray L, Bowden J, Friedenreich CM, Fervers B, Ferrari P, Gunter MJ, Freisling H, Leitzmann MF, Viallon V, Weber A. Association between circadian physical activity patterns and mortality in the UK Biobank. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 37653438 PMCID: PMC10472628 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of physical activity (PA) for increasing longevity is well-established, however, the impact of diurnal timing of PA on mortality remains poorly understood. We aimed to derive circadian PA patterns and investigate their associations with all-cause mortality. METHODS We used 24 h PA time series from 96,351 UK Biobank participants aged between 42 and 79 years at accelerometry in 2013-2015. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was applied to obtain circadian PA patterns. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, we related the loading scores of these fPCs to estimate risk of mortality. RESULTS During 6.9 years of follow-up, 2,850 deaths occurred. Four distinct fPCs accounted for 96% of the variation of the accelerometry data. Using a loading score of zero (i.e., average overall PA during the day) as the reference, a fPC1 score of + 2 (high overall PA) was inversely associated with mortality (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.99), whereas a score of -2 (low overall PA) was associated with higher mortality (1.69; 95% CI: 1.57-1.81; p for non-linearity < 0.001). Significant inverse linear associations with mortality were observed for engaging in midday PA instead of early and late PA (fPC3) (HR for a 1-unit increase 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93). In contrast, midday and nocturnal PA instead of early and evening PA (fPC4) were positively associated with mortality (HR for a 1-unit increase 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08-1.25). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is less important during which daytime hours one is active but rather, to engage in some level of elevated PA for longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Sedlmeier
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Bohmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emma Fontvieille
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Laia Peruchet-Noray
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jack Bowden
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1296 Radiation: Defense, Health, Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Andrea Weber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93057, Regensburg, Germany
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Larsen M, He F, Kawasawa YI, Berg A, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Fernandez-Mendoza J. Objective and subjective measures of sleep initiation are differentially associated with DNA methylation in adolescents. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:136. [PMID: 37634000 PMCID: PMC10464279 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The onset of puberty is associated with a shift in the circadian timing of sleep, leading to delayed sleep initiation [i.e., later sleep onset time (SOT)] due to later bedtimes and/or longer sleep onset latency (SOL). Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genes that may be involved in the etiology of sleep phenotypes. However, circadian rhythms are also epigenetically regulated; therefore, epigenetic biomarkers may provide insight into the physiology of the pubertal sleep onset shift and the pathophysiology of prolonged or delayed sleep initiation. RESULTS The gene-wide analysis indicated differential methylation within or around 1818 unique genes across the sleep initiation measurements using self-report, actigraphy (ACT), and polysomnography (PSG), while GWAS-informed analysis yielded 67 genes. Gene hits were identified for bedtime (PSG), SOL (subjective, ACT and PSG) and SOT (subjective and PSG). DNA methylation within 12 genes was associated with both subjective and PSG-measured SOL, 31 with both ACT- and PSG-measured SOL, 19 with both subjective and ACT-measured SOL, and one gene (SMG1P2) had methylation sites associated with subjective, ACT- and PSG-measured SOL. CONCLUSIONS Objective and subjective sleep initiation in adolescents is associated with altered DNA methylation in genes previously identified in adult GWAS of sleep and circadian phenotypes. Additionally, our data provide evidence for a potential epigenetic link between habitual (subjective and ACT) SOL and in-lab SOT and DNA methylation in and around genes involved in circadian regulation (i.e., RASD1, RAI1), cardiometabolic disorders (i.e., FADS1, WNK1, SLC5A6), and neuropsychiatric disorders (i.e., PRR7, SDK1, FAM172A). If validated, these sites may provide valuable targets for early detection and prevention of disorders involving prolonged or delayed SOT, such as insomnia, delayed sleep phase, and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Larsen
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Fan He
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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48
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Barlow IL, Mackay E, Wheater E, Goel A, Lim S, Zimmerman S, Woods I, Prober DA, Rihel J. The zebrafish mutant dreammist implicates sodium homeostasis in sleep regulation. eLife 2023; 12:RP87521. [PMID: 37548652 PMCID: PMC10406431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal feature of animal behaviour, yet many of the molecular, genetic, and neuronal substrates that orchestrate sleep/wake transitions lie undiscovered. Employing a viral insertion sleep screen in larval zebrafish, we identified a novel gene, dreammist (dmist), whose loss results in behavioural hyperactivity and reduced sleep at night. The neuronally expressed dmist gene is conserved across vertebrates and encodes a small single-pass transmembrane protein that is structurally similar to the Na+,K+-ATPase regulator, FXYD1/Phospholemman. Disruption of either fxyd1 or atp1a3a, a Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-3 subunit associated with several heritable movement disorders in humans, led to decreased night-time sleep. Since atpa1a3a and dmist mutants have elevated intracellular Na+ levels and non-additive effects on sleep amount at night, we propose that Dmist-dependent enhancement of Na+ pump function modulates neuronal excitability to maintain normal sleep behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida L Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eirinn Mackay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Wheater
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aimee Goel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Steve Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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49
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Tometich DB, Hoogland AI, Small BJ, Janelsins MC, Bryant C, Rodriguez Y, Gonzalez BD, Li X, Bulls HW, James BW, Arboleda B, Colon-Echevarria C, Townsend MK, Tworoger SS, Rodriguez P, Oswald LB, Bower JE, Apte SM, Wenham RM, Chon HS, Shahzad MM, Jim HSL. Relationships among Inflammatory Biomarkers and Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Sleep during and after Chemotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3882. [PMID: 37568698 PMCID: PMC10416903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding associations between inflammatory biomarkers and objectively measured physical activity and sleep during and after chemotherapy for gynecologic cancer; thus, we conducted a longitudinal study to address this gap. Women with gynecologic cancer (patients) and non-cancer controls (controls) completed assessments before chemotherapy cycles 1, 3, and 6 (controls assessed contemporaneously), as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Physical activity and sleep were measured using wrist-worn actigraphs and sleep diaries, and blood was drawn to quantify circulating levels of inflammatory markers. Linear and quadratic random-effects mixed models and random-effects fluctuation mixed models were used to examine physical activity and sleep over time, as well as the associations with inflammatory biomarkers. On average, patients (n = 97) and controls (n = 104) were 62 and 58 years old, respectively. Compared to controls, patients were less active, more sedentary, had more time awake after sleep onset, and had lower sleep efficiency (p-values < 0.05). Across groups, higher levels of TNF-α were associated with more sedentary time and less efficient sleep (p-values ≤ 0.05). Higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were associated with lower levels of light physical activity (p-values < 0.05). Associations between inflammatory biomarkers, physical activity, and sleep did not differ between patients and controls. Given these results, we speculate that inflammation may contribute to less physical activity and more sleep problems that persist even 12 months after completing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B. Tometich
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Aasha I. Hoogland
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brent J. Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Michelle C. Janelsins
- Department of Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Crystal Bryant
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yvelise Rodriguez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brian D. Gonzalez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hailey W. Bulls
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Brian W. James
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Bianca Arboleda
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Mary K. Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paulo Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Laura B. Oswald
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sachin M. Apte
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert M. Wenham
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hye Sook Chon
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mian M. Shahzad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Heather S. L. Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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50
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. Is Short Sleep Bad for the Brain? Brain Structure and Cognitive Function in Short Sleepers. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5241-5250. [PMID: 37365003 PMCID: PMC10342221 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2330-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime sleepiness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep need and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this using a cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants of both sexes (20-89 years) from the Lifebrain consortium, Human Connectome project (HCP) and UK Biobank (UKB), with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. A total of 740 participants who reported to sleep <6 h did not experience daytime sleepiness or sleep problems/disturbances interfering with falling or staying asleep. These short sleepers showed significantly larger regional brain volumes than both short sleepers with daytime sleepiness and sleep problems (n = 1742) and participants sleeping the recommended 7-8 h (n = 3886). However, both groups of short sleepers showed slightly lower general cognitive function (GCA), 0.16 and 0.19 SDs, respectively. Analyses using accelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income, and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative associations with brain morphometry and that sleepiness and sleep problems may be more related to brain structural differences than duration. However, the slightly lower performance on tests of general cognitive abilities warrants closer examination in natural settings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Short habitual sleep is prevalent, with unknown consequences for brain health and cognitive performance. Here, we show that daytime sleepiness and sleep problems are more strongly related to regional brain volumes than sleep duration. However, participants sleeping ≤6 h had slightly lower scores on tests of general cognitive function (GCA). This indicates that sleep need is individual and that sleep duration per se is very weakly if at all related brain health, while daytime sleepiness and sleep problems may show somewhat stronger associations. The association between habitual short sleep and lower scores on tests of general cognitive abilities must be further scrutinized in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2020 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging working group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, The Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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