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Wüsthoff LEC, Lund-Johansen F, Henriksen K, Wildendahl G, Jacobsen JA, Gomes L, Anjum HS, Barlinn R, Kran AMB, Munthe LA, Vaage JT. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines among people who use drugs - in the light of tailored mitigating strategies. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:120. [PMID: 38890611 PMCID: PMC11186241 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a surprisingly low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) in Oslo, Norway, despite their heightened vulnerability regarding risk of infection and severe courses of the disease.This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among PWUD, their antibody responses to relevant virus infections and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and their vaccination coverage compared to the general population. METHODS Conducted as a prospective cohort study, data was collected from residents in six institutions for homeless PWUD and users of a low-threshold clinic for opioid agonist treatment. Ninety-seven participants were recruited for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence analysis. Additional two participants with known positive SARS-CoV-2 test results were recruited for further analyses. Twenty-five participants completed follow-up. Data included questionnaires, nasal swabs and blood samples. Data on vaccination coverage was obtained from the National Vaccine Register. Serologic methods included detection of antibodies to relevant virus proteins, neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, antibodies to the full-length spike protein, and receptor-binding domain from SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Among PWUD, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 2 out of 97 samples before vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were available, comparable to a 2.8% frequency in population-based screening. Levels of serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) in PWUD were similar to population-based levels. After the second vaccine dose, binding and neutralizing antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in PWUD were comparable to controls. Eighty-four of PWUD received at least one dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, compared to 89% in the general population. CONCLUSION Results indicate that PWUD did not exhibit increased SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence or elevated serum antibodies to seasonal coronaviruses and EBV. Moreover, vaccine responses in PWUD were comparable to controls, suggesting that vaccination is effective in conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 also in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Elise Couëssurel Wüsthoff
- Unit for Clinical Research on Addictions, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4959 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway.
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Reasearch, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1039 Blindern, Oslo, 0315, Norway.
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, 0349, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathleen Henriksen
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo Municipality, PO Box 30 Sentrum, Oslo, 0101, Norway
- Student Health Services, Student Welfare Services in Oslo, Problemveien 9, Oslo, 0313, Norway
| | - Gull Wildendahl
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo Municipality, PO Box 30 Sentrum, Oslo, 0101, Norway
| | - Jon-Aksel Jacobsen
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo Municipality, PO Box 30 Sentrum, Oslo, 0101, Norway
| | - Leni Gomes
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo Municipality, PO Box 30 Sentrum, Oslo, 0101, Norway
| | - Hina Sarwar Anjum
- Agency for Social and Welfare Services, Oslo Municipality, PO Box 30 Sentrum, Oslo, 0101, Norway
| | - Regine Barlinn
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Anne-Marte Bakken Kran
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | - Ludvig Andre Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, and Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - John T Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway
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Marsall P, Fandrich M, Griesbaum J, Harries M, Lange B, Ascough S, Dayananda P, Chiu C, Remppis J, Ganzenmueller T, Renk H, Strengert M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Dulovic A. Development and validation of a respiratory syncytial virus multiplex immunoassay. Infection 2024; 52:597-609. [PMID: 38332255 PMCID: PMC10954859 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of severe respiratory disease in infants and adults. While vaccines and monoclonal therapeutic antibodies either are or will shortly become available, correlates of protection remain unclear. For this purpose, we developed an RSV multiplex immunoassay that analyses antibody titers toward the post-F, Nucleoprotein, and a diverse mix of G proteins. METHODS A bead-based multiplex RSV immunoassay was developed, technically validated to standard FDA bioanalytical guidelines, and clinically validated using samples from human challenge studies. RSV antibody titers were then investigated in children aged under 2 and a population-based cohort. RESULTS Technical and clinical validation showed outstanding performance, while methodological developments enabled identification of the subtype of previous infections through use of the diverse G proteins for approximately 50% of samples. As a proof of concept to show the suitability of the assay in serosurveillance studies, we then evaluated titer decay and age-dependent antibody responses within population cohorts. CONCLUSION Overall, the developed assay shows robust performance, is scalable, provides additional information on infection subtype, and is therefore ideally suited to be used in future population cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Fandrich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), TI BBD, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ascough
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pete Dayananda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Remppis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
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3
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Harries M, Jaeger VK, Rodiah I, Hassenstein MJ, Ortmann J, Dreier M, von Holt I, Brinkmann M, Dulovic A, Gornyk D, Hovardovska O, Kuczewski C, Kurosinski MA, Schlotz M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Strengert M, Krause G, Sester M, Klein F, Petersmann A, Karch A, Lange B. Bridging the gap - estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:50-58. [PMID: 38008353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Germany like other countries lacked adaptive population-based panels to monitor the spread of epidemic diseases. METHODS To fill a gap in population-based estimates needed for winter 2022/23 we resampled in the German SARS-CoV-2 cohort study MuSPAD in mid-2022, including characterization of systemic cellular and humoral immune responses by interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) and CLIA/IVN assay. We were able to confirm categorization of our study population into four groups with differing protection levels against severe COVID-19 courses based on literature synthesis. Using these estimates, we assessed potential healthcare burden for winter 2022/23 in different scenarios with varying assumptions on transmissibility, pathogenicity, new variants, and vaccine booster campaigns in ordinary differential equation models. RESULTS We included 9921 participants from eight German regions. While 85% of individuals were located in one of the two highest protection categories, hospitalization estimates from scenario modeling were highly dependent on viral variant characteristics ranging from 30-300% compared to the 02/2021 peak. Our results were openly communicated and published to an epidemic panel network and a newly established modeling network. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate feasibility of a rapid epidemic panel to provide complex immune protection levels for inclusion in dynamic disease burden modeling scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Epidemiology Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany.
| | - Veronika K Jaeger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Isti Rodiah
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Max J Hassenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Ortmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Dreier
- Institute for Epidemiology Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell von Holt
- Institute for Epidemiology Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Brinkmann
- Institute for Epidemiology Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School (MHH) Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences, Institute at the University of Tubingen Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Gornyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Olga Hovardovska
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christina Kuczewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Maike Schlotz
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of transplant and infection immunology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg Oldenburg, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
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Keller JK, Dulovic A, Gruber J, Griesbaum J, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Wülfing C, Kruse J, Hartmann A, Diekhof EK. SARS-CoV-2 specific sIgA in saliva increases after disease-related video stimulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22631. [PMID: 38123577 PMCID: PMC10733377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva is the most important immunoglobulin fighting pathogens in the respiratory tract and may thus play a role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections. To gain a better understanding of the plasticity in the mucosal antibody, we investigated the proactive change in secretion of salivary SARS-CoV-2-specific sIgA in 45 vaccinated and/or previously infected, generally healthy persons (18 to 35 years, 22 women). Participants were exposed to a disease video displaying humans with several respiratory symptoms typical for COVID-19 in realistic situations of increased contagion risk. The disease video triggered an increase in spike-specific sIgA, which was absent after a similar control video with healthy people. The increase further correlated inversely with revulsion and aversive feelings while watching sick people. In contrast, the receptor binding domain-specific sIgA did not increase after the disease video. This may indicate differential roles of the two salivary antibodies in response to predictors of airborne contagion. The observed plasticity of spike-specific salivary antibody release after visual simulation of enhanced contagion risk suggests a role in immune exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Keller
- Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Animal Cell and Systems Biology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Wülfing
- Department of Biology, Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Animal Cell and Systems Biology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Kruse
- Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Animal Cell and Systems Biology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Hartmann
- Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Animal Cell and Systems Biology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Esther K Diekhof
- Department of Biology, Neuroendocrinology and Human Biology Unit, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Animal Cell and Systems Biology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Stern D, Meyer TC, Treindl F, Mages HW, Krüger M, Skiba M, Krüger JP, Zobel CM, Schreiner M, Grossegesse M, Rinner T, Peine C, Stoliaroff-Pépin A, Harder T, Hofmann N, Michel J, Nitsche A, Stahlberg S, Kneuer A, Sandoni A, Kubisch U, Schlaud M, Mankertz A, Schwarz T, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, de la Rosa K, Schaade L, Dorner MB, Dorner BG. A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21846. [PMID: 38071261 PMCID: PMC10710470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are key to describe the epidemiology, pathobiology or induction of immunity after infection or vaccination. Of those, multiplex assays targeting multiple antigens are especially helpful as closely related coronaviruses or other antigens can be analysed simultaneously from small sample volumes, hereby shedding light on patterns in the immune response that would otherwise remain undetected. We established a bead-based 17-plex assay detecting antibodies targeting antigens from all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV strains 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63. The assay was validated against five commercial serological immunoassays, a commercial surrogate virus neutralisation test, and a virus neutralisation assay, all targeting SARS-CoV-2. It was found to be highly versatile as shown by antibody detection from both serum and dried blot spots and as shown in three case studies. First, we followed seroconversion for all four endemic HCoV strains and SARS-CoV-2 in an outbreak study in day-care centres for children. Second, we were able to link a more severe clinical course to a stronger IgG response with this 17-plex-assay, which was IgG1 and IgG3 dominated. Finally, our assay was able to discriminate recent from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections by calculating the IgG/IgM ratio on the N antigen targeting antibodies. In conclusion, due to the comprehensive method comparison, thorough validation, and the proven versatility, our multiplex assay is a valuable tool for studies on coronavirus serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja C Meyer
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Mages
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Krüger
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Skiba
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Krüger
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian M Zobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rinner
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Peine
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stoliaroff-Pépin
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunization Unit (FG 33), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses (ZBS 1), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Stahlberg
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Kneuer
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sandoni
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kubisch
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schlaud
- Central Epidemiological Laboratory (FG 22), Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients (FG 12), Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Freie Universität Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin de la Rosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Schaade
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS 3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Kettlitz R, Harries M, Ortmann J, Krause G, Aigner A, Lange B. Association of known SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and adherence to personal protection measures and the impact of personal protective measures on seropositivity in a population-based cross-sectional study (MuSPAD) in Germany. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2281. [PMID: 37978484 PMCID: PMC10657116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020/2021 in Germany, several non-pharmacological interventions were introduced to lower the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated to what extent knowledge of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination status influenced the use of personal protection measures (PPM). Further, we were interested in the effect of compliance with PPM on SARS-CoV-2 serostatus. METHODS Data was based on a sequential, multilocal seroprevalence study (MuSPAD), carried out in eight locations from July 2020 to August 2021. We estimated the association between a known SARS-CoV-2 serostatus (reported positive PCR test or vaccination) and self-reported PPM behavior (hand hygiene, physical distancing, wearing face mask), just as the association of PPM compliance with seropositivity against nucleocapsid (NC), receptor-binding domain (RBD), and spike protein (S) antigens. We identified relevant variables and deduced adjustment sets with directed acyclic graphs (DAG), and applied mixed logistic regression. RESULTS Out of the 22,297 participants (median age: 54 years, 43% male), 781 were classified as SARS-CoV-2-infected and 3,877 had a vaccinated immune response. Vaccinated individuals were less likely to keep 1.5 m distance [OR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.97)] and only partly physically distanced [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58-0.87)]. Participants with self-reported positive PCR test had a lower chance of adhering partly to physical distancing [OR = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50-0.99)] in comparison to the reference group. Higher odds of additionally wearing a face mask was observed in vaccinated [OR = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.08-1.51)] even if it was not obligatory. Overall, among unvaccinated participants, we found little evidence of lower odds of seropositivity given mask wearing [OR: 0.91 (95% CI: 0.71-1.16)], physical distancing [OR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.59-1.20)] and no evidence for completely adhering to hand cleaning [OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.29-3.22)]. CONCLUSIONS A known confirmed prior infection and vaccination may have the potential to influence adherence to PPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kettlitz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department Epidemiology, Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany.
| | - M Harries
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department Epidemiology, Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany.
- Translational Infrastructure Epidemiology, German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - J Ortmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department Epidemiology, Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - G Krause
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department Epidemiology, Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Translational Infrastructure Epidemiology, German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - A Aigner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Lange
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department Epidemiology, Brunswick, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Translational Infrastructure Epidemiology, German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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7
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Fernández Villalobos NV, Marsall P, Torres Páez JC, Strömpl J, Gruber J, Lotto Batista M, Pohl D, Concha G, Frickmann H, de la Hoz Restrepo FP, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Krause G, Dulovic A, Strengert M, Kann S. Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:151. [PMID: 37864073 PMCID: PMC10589283 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses and epidemiology have been extensively studied, data gaps remain for certain populations such as indigenous people or children especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and humoral immunity towards the parental B.1 strain, local SARS-CoV-2 variants, and endemic coronaviruses in children from Colombia from March to April 2021. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional seroprevalence study with 80 children from Bogotá and expanded our analysis by comparing results with an independent observational study of 82 children from the Wiwa community living in the north-eastern Colombian territories. Antibody IgG titers towards SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic coronaviruses as well as ACE2 binding inhibition as a proxy for neutralization towards several SARS-CoV-2 variants were analyzed using two multiplex-based immunoassays. RESULTS While we find seroprevalence estimates of 21.3% in children from Bogotá, seroprevalence is higher with 34.1% in Wiwa children. We observe a robust induction of antibodies towards the surface-exposed spike protein, its S1-, S2- and receptor-binding-subdomains in all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children. Only nucleocapsid-specific IgG is significantly lower in the indigenous participants. ACE2 binding inhibition is low for all SARS-CoV-2 variants examined. We observe a dominance of NL63 S1 IgG levels in urban and indigenous children which suggests an early exposure to this respiratory virus independent of living conditions and geographic location. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity does not correlate with antibody levels towards any of the four endemic coronaviruses indicating the absence of cross-protective immunity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, antibody titers, but in particular ACE2 binding inhibition are low within Colombian samples, requiring further investigation to determine any potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Marsall
- Multiplex Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Carolina Torres Páez
- Department of Epidemiology, PhD Programme, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Strömpl
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- Multiplex Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Martín Lotto Batista
- Department of Epidemiology, PhD Programme, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
- Global Health Resilience, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daria Pohl
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gustavo Concha
- Organization Wiwa Yugumaiun Bunkauanarrua Tayrona (OWYBT), Department Health Advocacy, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- Multiplex Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- Multiplex Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen (NMI), Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany.
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Simone Kann
- Medical Mission Institute, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Liu Y, Zhao L, Wang L, Li Y, Wang L, Yu B, Hu D, Weng H, Guo J, Yang J, Yang J, Yu X. Clinical and humoral immune response characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.38 infection in pediatric patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18093. [PMID: 37519697 PMCID: PMC10372234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a health concern for both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, the humoral immune response following vaccination and natural infection remains uncharacterized in children ages 17 years and younger. To address this concern, we performed clinical and immunological analyses of IgM and IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.38 infection in 64 pediatric patients. COVID-19 symptom severity decreased with age in pediatric patients, from 70.8% (17/24) in patients 0-2 years of age to 50% (6/12) and 50% (14/28) in patients 3-5 years and 6-17 years of age, respectively. Furthermore, fewer patients experienced symptoms when vaccinated with the CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV vaccine (50%, 13/26) than unvaccinated patients (71%, 22/31). Using a protein array, we found that the Omicron BA.2.38 infection induced antibody responses to other Omicron variants (Omicron BA.1-BA.5), which increased with vaccination. Notably, non-Omicron and Omicron variants showed distinct serotypes. Altogether, our results provide insight into the clinical and immunological characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 Omicron BA.2.38 who have and have not been vaccinated against COVID-19. These data may help develop more effective diagnostic tests and vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liunuobei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Longde Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Laboratory, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Di Hu
- ProteomicsEra Medical Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Heng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Ying Lv's School Studio of Chinese Medicine; Xiaorong Luo's Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
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9
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Uzun G, Müller R, Althaus K, Becker M, Marsall P, Junker D, Nowak-Harnau S, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Klüter H, Schrezenmeier H, Bugert P, Bakchoul T. Correlation between Clinical Characteristics and Antibody Levels in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donor Candidates. Viruses 2023; 15:1357. [PMID: 37376656 DOI: 10.3390/v15061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) with high neutralizing antibodies has been suggested in preventing disease progression in COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical donor characteristics and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in CCP donors. COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors were included into the study. Clinical parameters were recorded and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (Spike Trimer, Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S1, S2 and nucleocapsid protein) as well as ACE2 binding inhibition were measured. An ACE2 binding inhibition < 20% was defined as an inadequate neutralization capacity. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to detect the predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Ninety-one CCP donors (56 female; 61%) were analyzed. A robust correlation between all SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition, as well as a positive correlation between donor age, body mass index, and a negative correlation between time since symptom onset and antibody levels were found. We identified time since symptom onset, normal body mass index (BMI), and the absence of high fever as independent predictors of inadequate neutralization capacity. Gender, duration of symptoms, and number of symptoms were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels or neutralization. Neutralizing capacity was correlated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and associated with time since symptom onset, BMI, and fever. These clinical parameters can be easily incorporated into the preselection of CCP donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günalp Uzun
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Müller
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nowak-Harnau
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Byrum JR, Waltari E, Janson O, Guo SM, Folkesson J, Chhun BB, Vinden J, Ivanov IE, Forst ML, Li H, Larson AG, Blackmon L, Liu Z, Wu W, Ahyong V, Tato CM, McCutcheon KM, Hoh R, Kelly JD, Martin JN, Peluso MJ, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Prakash M, Greenhouse B, Mehta SB, Pak JE. MultiSero: An Open-Source Multiplex-ELISA Platform for Measuring Antibody Responses to Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:671. [PMID: 37242341 PMCID: PMC10221076 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that simultaneously measures antibody binding to multiple antigens can extend the impact of serosurveillance studies, particularly if the assay approaches the simplicity, robustness, and accuracy of a conventional single-antigen ELISA. Here, we report on the development of multiSero, an open-source multiplex ELISA platform for measuring antibody responses to viral infection. Our assay consists of three parts: (1) an ELISA against an array of proteins in a 96-well format; (2) automated imaging of each well of the ELISA array using an open-source plate reader; and (3) automated measurement of optical densities for each protein within the array using an open-source analysis pipeline. We validated the platform by comparing antibody binding to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in 217 human sera samples, showing high sensitivity (0.978), specificity (0.977), positive predictive value (0.978), and negative predictive value (0.977) for classifying seropositivity, a high correlation of multiSero determined antibody titers with commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, and antigen-specific changes in antibody titer dynamics upon vaccination. The open-source format and accessibility of our multiSero platform can contribute to the adoption of multiplexed ELISA arrays for serosurveillance studies, for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie R. Byrum
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Waltari
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Owen Janson
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- EPPIcenter Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Syuan-Ming Guo
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jenny Folkesson
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryant B. Chhun
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joanna Vinden
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Ivan E. Ivanov
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marcus L. Forst
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongquan Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam G. Larson
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lena Blackmon
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ziwen Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wesley Wu
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cristina M. Tato
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Manu Prakash
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- EPPIcenter Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shalin B. Mehta
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John E. Pak
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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11
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Cox A, Stevens M, Kallon D, Gupta A, White E. Comparative evaluation of Luminex based assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a transplantation laboratory. J Immunol Methods 2023; 517:113472. [PMID: 37059296 PMCID: PMC10091782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is essential in establishing the parameters of an individual's immune response to COVID-19, from both natural infection and vaccination. Despite this, there is currently limited clinical guidance or recommendations for serological methods for their measurement. Here, we evaluate and compare four Luminex-based assays for the multiplex detection of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. METHODS The four assays tested were Magnetic Luminex Assay, MULTICOV-AB Assay, Luminex xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG Assay and LABScreen COVID Plus Assay. Each assay's ability to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) was evaluated using 50 test samples (25 positive, 25 negative), previously tested by a widely used ELISA technique. RESULTS The MULTICOV-AB Assay had the highest clinical performance detecting antibodies to S trimer and RBD in 100% (n = 25) of known positive samples. Both the Magnetic Luminex Assay and LABScreen COVID Plus Assay showed significant diagnostic accuracy with sensitivities of 90% and 88% respectively. The Luminex xMAP SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG Assay demonstrated limited detection of antibodies to the S antigen resulting in a sensitivity of 68%. CONCLUSION Luminex-based assays provide a suitable serological method for multiplex detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, with each assay able to detect antibodies to a minimum of 3 different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Assay comparison identified there is moderate performance variability between manufacturers and further inter-assay variation of antibodies detected to different SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cox
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom; The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - M Stevens
- Immunology Laboratory, Royal Sussex County Hospital Barry, Eastern Rd, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - D Kallon
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - A Gupta
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - E White
- Clinical Transplantation Laboratory, 3rd Floor Pathology & Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
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12
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Denis J, Garnier A, Cheutin L, Ferrier A, Timera H, Jarjaval F, Hejl C, Billon-Denis E, Ricard D, Tournier JN, Trignol A, Mura M. Long-term systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 IgA response and its association with persistent smell and taste disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140714. [PMID: 36969158 PMCID: PMC10031022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current approved COVID-19 vaccines, notably mRNA and adenoviral vectored technologies, still fail to fully protect against infection and transmission of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The mucosal immunity at the upper respiratory tract represents the first line of defense against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and is thus critical to develop vaccine blocking human-to-human transmission. Methods We measured systemic and mucosal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in serum and saliva from 133 healthcare workers from Percy teaching military hospital following a mild infection (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, n=58) or not infected (n=75), and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Vaxzevria®/Astrazeneca and/or Comirnaty®/Pfizer). Results While serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgA response lasted up to 16 months post-infection, IgA response in saliva had mostly fallen to baseline level at 6 months post-infection. Vaccination could reactivate the mucosal response generated by prior infection, but failed to induce a significant mucosal IgA response by itself. Early post-COVID-19 serum anti-Spike-NTD IgA titer correlated with seroneutralization titers. Interestingly, its saliva counterpart positively correlated with persistent smell and taste disorders more than one year after mild COVID-19. Discussion As breakthrough infections have been correlated with IgA levels, other vaccine platforms inducing a better mucosal immunity are needed to control COVID-19 infection in the future. Our results encourage further studies to explore the prognosis potential of anti-Spike-NTD IgA in saliva at predicting persistent smell and taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Annabelle Garnier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Laurence Cheutin
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Audrey Ferrier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Hawa Timera
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Fanny Jarjaval
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Carine Hejl
- Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | - Damien Ricard
- Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
- Centre Borelli Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9010/Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Université de Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 4, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Trignol
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM (UPR 7330 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
| | - Marie Mura
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale de Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Innovation Lab: Vaccines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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13
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Roth N, Gergen J, Kovacikova K, Mueller SO, Ulrich L, Schön J, Halwe NJ, Fricke C, Corleis B, Dorhoi A, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Maione D, Petsch B, Rauch S. Assessment of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of CV0501 mRNA-Based Omicron COVID-19 Vaccination in Small Animal Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020318. [PMID: 36851196 PMCID: PMC9965737 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.4, BA.5) represented the most commonly circulating variants of concern (VOC) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022. Despite high vaccination rates with approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines encoding the ancestral spike (S) protein, these Omicron subvariants have collectively resulted in increased viral transmission and disease incidence. This necessitates the development and characterization of vaccines incorporating later emerging S proteins to enhance protection against VOC. In this context, bivalent vaccine formulations may induce broad protection against VOC and potential future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report preclinical data for a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated RNActive® N1-methylpseudouridine (N1mΨ) modified mRNA vaccine (CV0501) based on our second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV, encoding the S protein of Omicron BA.1. The immunogenicity of CV0501, alone or in combination with a corresponding vaccine encoding the ancestral S protein (ancestral N1mΨ), was first measured in dose-response and booster immunization studies performed in Wistar rats. Both monovalent CV0501 and bivalent CV0501/ancestral N1mΨ immunization induced robust neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, in addition to other SARS-CoV-2 variants in a booster immunization study. The protective efficacy of monovalent CV0501 against live SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 infection was then assessed in hamsters. Monovalent CV0501 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 viral loads in the airways, demonstrating protection induced by CV0501 vaccination. CV0501 has now advanced into human Phase 1 clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05477186).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlie Fricke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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14
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Zsichla L, Müller V. Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors. Viruses 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 36680215 PMCID: PMC9863423 DOI: 10.3390/v15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease and death. Understanding the risk factors of severe COVID-19 is relevant both in the clinical setting and at the epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview of host, viral and environmental factors that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized to be associated with severe clinical outcomes. The factors considered in detail include the age and frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- and superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, and lifestyle of the patient; viral genetic variation and infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; and air pollution. For each category, we compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for the association of the factor with COVID-19 outcomes (including the strength of the effect) and outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss the complex interactions between the various risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsichla
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Müller
- Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Zekri L, Ruetalo N, Christie M, Walker C, Manz T, Rammensee HG, Salih HR, Schindler M, Jung G. Novel ACE2 fusion protein with adapting activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112505. [PMID: 36969164 PMCID: PMC10030959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful development of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerging variants prolong the pandemic and emphasize the persistent need to develop effective antiviral treatment regimens. Recombinant antibodies directed to the original SARS-CoV-2 have been successfully used to treat established viral disease. However, emerging viral variants escape the recognition by those antibodies. Here we report the engineering of an optimized ACE2 fusion protein, designated ACE2-M, which comprises a human IgG1 Fc domain with abrogated Fc-receptor binding linked to a catalytically-inactive ACE2 extracellular domain that displays increased apparent affinity to the B.1 spike protein. The affinity and neutralization capacity of ACE2-M is unaffected or even enhanced by mutations present in the spike protein of viral variants. In contrast, a recombinant neutralizing reference antibody, as well as antibodies present in the sera of vaccinated individuals, lose activity against such variants. With its potential to resist viral immune escape ACE2-M appears to be particularly valuable in the context of pandemic preparedness towards newly emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Zekri
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Latifa Zekri,
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mary Christie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Life of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolin Walker
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Manz
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Salih
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Meyer zu Natrup C, Tscherne A, Dahlke C, Ciurkiewicz M, Shin DL, Fathi A, Rohde C, Kalodimou G, Halwe S, Limpinsel L, Schwarz JH, Klug M, Esen M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Dulovic A, Kupke A, Brosinski K, Clever S, Schünemann LM, Beythien G, Armando F, Mayer L, Weskamm ML, Jany S, Freudenstein A, Tuchel T, Baumgärtner W, Kremsner P, Fendel R, Addo MM, Becker S, Sutter G, Volz A. Stabilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen enhances vaccine immunogenicity and protective capacity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159895. [PMID: 36301637 PMCID: PMC9754005 DOI: 10.1172/jci159895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is synthesized as a large precursor protein and must be activated by proteolytic cleavage into S1 and S2. A recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing native, full-length S protein (MVA-SARS-2-S) is currently under investigation as a candidate vaccine in phase I clinical studies. Initial results from immunogenicity monitoring revealed induction of S-specific antibodies binding to S2, but low-level antibody responses to the S1 domain. Follow-up investigations of native S antigen synthesis in MVA-SARS-2-S-infected cells revealed limited levels of S1 protein on the cell surface. In contrast, we found superior S1 cell surface presentation upon infection with a recombinant MVA expressing a stabilized version of SARS-CoV-2 S protein with an inactivated S1/S2 cleavage site and K986P and V987P mutations (MVA-SARS-2-ST). When comparing immunogenicity of MVA vector vaccines, mice vaccinated with MVA-SARS-2-ST mounted substantial levels of broadly reactive anti-S antibodies that effectively neutralized different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Importantly, intramuscular MVA-SARS-2-ST immunization of hamsters and mice resulted in potent immune responses upon challenge infection and protected from disease and severe lung pathology. Our results suggest that MVA-SARS-2-ST represents an improved clinical candidate vaccine and that the presence of plasma membrane-bound S1 is highly beneficial to induce protective antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Tscherne
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Munich, and
| | - Christine Dahlke
- partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dai-Lun Shin
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anahita Fathi
- partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Rohde
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen.,Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Kalodimou
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Munich, and
| | - Sandro Halwe
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Limpinsel
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan H. Schwarz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Klug
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meral Esen
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen.,Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Brosinski
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Clever
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Schünemann
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Georg Beythien
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Leonie Mayer
- partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie L. Weskamm
- partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jany
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Freudenstein
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Tuchel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Kremsner
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambarene, Gabon
| | - Rolf Fendel
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen
| | - Stephan Becker
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen.,Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Munich, and
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hanover-Braunschweig
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17
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Hotop SK, Reimering S, Shekhar A, Asgari E, Beutling U, Dahlke C, Fathi A, Khan F, Lütgehetmann M, Ballmann R, Gerstner A, Tegge W, Cicin-Sain L, Bilitewski U, McHardy AC, Brönstrup M. Peptide microarrays coupled to machine learning reveal individual epitopes from human antibody responses with neutralizing capabilities against SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1037-1048. [PMID: 35320064 PMCID: PMC9009950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2057874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for the disease COVID-19. To capture the IgA, IgG, and IgM antibody response of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 at individual epitope resolution, we constructed planar microarrays of 648 overlapping peptides that cover the four major structural proteins S(pike), N(ucleocapsid), M(embrane), and E(nvelope). The arrays were incubated with sera of 67 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 22 negative control samples. Specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 were detectable, and nine peptides were associated with a more severe course of the disease. A random forest model disclosed that antibody binding to 21 peptides, mostly localized in the S protein, was associated with higher neutralization values in cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays. For antibodies addressing the N-terminus of M, or peptides close to the fusion region of S, protective effects were proven by antibody depletion and neutralization assays. The study pinpoints unusual viral binding epitopes that might be suited as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Reimering
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aditya Shekhar
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ehsaneddin Asgari
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Ulrike Beutling
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christine Dahlke
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Anahita Fathi
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Fawad Khan
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research, Germany.,Center for Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie du Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Gerstner
- Klinikum Braunschweig, Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenklinik, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Werner Tegge
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | | | - Alice C McHardy
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.,Biomolecular Drug Research Center (BMWZ), Hannover, Germany
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18
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Jacobsen H, Strengert M, Maaß H, Ynga Durand MA, Katzmarzyk M, Kessel B, Harries M, Rand U, Abassi L, Kim Y, Lüddecke T, Metzdorf K, Hernandez P, Ortmann J, Heise JK, Castell S, Gornyk D, Glöckner S, Melhorn V, Kemmling Y, Lange B, Dulovic A, Marsall P, Häring J, Junker D, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Krause G, Cicin-Sain L. Diminished neutralization responses towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC after mRNA or vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19858. [PMID: 36400804 PMCID: PMC9673895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants accumulating immune escape mutations provide a significant risk to vaccine-induced protection against infection. The novel variant of concern (VoC) Omicron BA.1 and its sub-lineages have the largest number of amino acid alterations in its Spike protein to date. Thus, they may efficiently escape recognition by neutralizing antibodies, allowing breakthrough infections in convalescent and vaccinated individuals in particular in those who have only received a primary immunization scheme. We analyzed neutralization activity of sera from individuals after vaccination with all mRNA-, vector- or heterologous immunization schemes currently available in Europe by in vitro neutralization assay at peak response towards SARS-CoV-2 B.1, Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.3, BA.4/5, Beta and Delta pseudotypes and also provide longitudinal follow-up data from BNT162b2 vaccinees. All vaccines apart from Ad26.CoV2.S showed high levels of responder rates (96-100%) towards the SARS-CoV-2 B.1 isolate, and minor to moderate reductions in neutralizing Beta and Delta VoC pseudotypes. The novel Omicron variant and its sub-lineages had the biggest impact, both in terms of response rates and neutralization titers. Only mRNA-1273 showed a 100% response rate to Omicron BA.1 and induced the highest level of neutralizing antibody titers, followed by heterologous prime-boost approaches. Homologous BNT162b2 vaccination, vector-based AZD1222 and Ad26.CoV2.S performed less well with peak responder rates of 48%, 56% and 9%, respectively. However, Omicron responder rates in BNT162b2 recipients were maintained in our six month longitudinal follow-up indicating that individuals with cross-protection against Omicron maintain it over time. Overall, our data strongly argue for booster doses in individuals who were previously vaccinated with BNT162b2, or a vector-based primary immunization scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henrike Maaß
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Maeva Katzmarzyk
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Barbora Kessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leila Abassi
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yeonsu Kim
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tatjana Lüddecke
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julia Ortmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Gornyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Glöckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Melhorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Julia Häring
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hoffmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut Für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut Für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CIIM), Joint Venture of Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Medical School Hannover, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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19
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Häring J, Hassenstein MJ, Becker M, Ortmann J, Junker D, Karch A, Berger K, Tchitchagua T, Leschnik O, Harries M, Gornyk D, Hernández P, Lange B, Castell S, Krause G, Dulovic A, Strengert M, Schneiderhan-Marra N. Borrelia multiplex: a bead-based multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of Borrelia specific IgG/IgM class antibodies. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:859. [PMID: 36396985 PMCID: PMC9670078 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in the northern hemisphere. The diagnosis of LB is usually made by clinical symptoms and subsequently supported by serology. In Europe, a two-step testing consisting of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunoblot is recommended. However, due to the low sensitivity of the currently available tests, antibody detection is sometimes inaccurate, especially in the early phase of infection, leading to underdiagnoses. Methods To improve upon Borrelia diagnostics, we developed a multiplex Borrelia immunoassay (Borrelia multiplex), which utilizes the new INTELLIFLEX platform, enabling the simultaneous dual detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, saving further time and reducing the biosample material requirement. In order to enable correct classification, the Borrelia multiplex contains eight antigens from the five human pathogenic Borrelia species known in Europe. Six antigens are known to mainly induce an IgG response and two antigens are predominant for an IgM response. Results To validate the assay, we compared the Borrelia multiplex to a commercial bead-based immunoassay resulting in an overall assay sensitivity of 93.7% (95% CI 84.8–97.5%) and a specificity of 96.5% (95%CI 93.5–98.1%). To confirm the calculated sensitivity and specificity, a comparison with a conventional 2-step diagnostics was performed. With this comparison, we obtained a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI 84.2–99.2%) and a specificity of 93.0% (95% CI 90.6–94.7%). Conclusion Borrelia multiplex is a highly reproducible cost- and time-effective assay that enables the profiling of antibodies against several individual antigens simultaneously. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07863-9.
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20
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Becker M, Cossmann A, Lürken K, Junker D, Gruber J, Juengling J, Ramos GM, Beigel A, Wrenger E, Lonnemann G, Stankov MV, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Krause G, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Strengert M, Dulovic A, Behrens GMN. Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses after triple BNT162b2 and fourth full-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination in haemodialysis patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004045. [PMID: 36275672 PMCID: PMC9582343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemodialysis patients respond poorly to vaccination and continue to be at-risk for severe COVID-19. Therefore, dialysis patients were among the first for which a fourth COVID-19 vaccination was recommended. However, targeted information on how to best maintain immune protection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in at-risk groups for severe COVID-19 remains limited. We provide, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time longitudinal vaccination response data in dialysis patients and controls after a triple BNT162b2 vaccination and in the latter after a subsequent fourth full-dose of mRNA-1273. We analysed systemic and mucosal humoral IgG responses against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and ACE2-binding inhibition towards variants of concern including Omicron and Delta with multiplex-based immunoassays. In addition, we assessed Spike S1-specific T-cell responses by interferon γ release assay. After triple BNT162b2 vaccination, anti-RBD B.1 IgG and ACE2 binding inhibition reached peak levels in dialysis patients, but remained inferior compared to controls. Whilst we detected B.1-specific ACE2 binding inhibition in 84% of dialysis patients after three BNT162b2 doses, binding inhibition towards the Omicron variant was only detectable in 38% of samples and declining to 16% before the fourth vaccination. By using mRNA-1273 as fourth dose, humoral immunity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested was strongly augmented with 80% of dialysis patients having Omicron-specific ACE2 binding inhibition. Modest declines in T-cell responses in dialysis patients and controls after the second vaccination were restored by the third BNT162b2 dose and significantly increased by the fourth vaccination. Our data support current advice for a four-dose COVID-19 immunisation scheme for at-risk individuals such as haemodialysis patients. We conclude that administration of a fourth full-dose of mRNA-1273 as part of a mixed mRNA vaccination scheme to boost immunity and to prevent severe COVID-19 could also be beneficial in other immune impaired individuals. Additionally, strategic application of such mixed vaccine regimens may be an immediate response against SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased immune evasion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Lürken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Juengling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Beigel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Eike Wrenger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lonnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Metodi V. Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Department Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Monika Strengert
- Department Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monika Strengert, ; Alex Dulovic, ; Georg M. N. Behrens,
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monika Strengert, ; Alex Dulovic, ; Georg M. N. Behrens,
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- CiiM - Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Monika Strengert, ; Alex Dulovic, ; Georg M. N. Behrens,
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21
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Søraas A, Grødeland G, Granerud BK, Ueland T, Lind A, Fevang B, Murphy SL, Huse C, Nygaard AB, Steffensen AK, al-Baldawi H, Holberg-Petersen M, Andresen LL, Ågnes C, Ranheim T, Schanke Y, Istre M, Dahl JA, Chopra A, Dudman S, Kaarbø M, Andersen JT, Vaage EB, Tran TT, Vaage JT, Michelsen AE, Müller F, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Holter JC, Lund-Johansen F. Breakthrough infections with the omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 result in similar re-activation of vaccine-induced immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964525. [PMID: 36159859 PMCID: PMC9493489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResults showing that sera from double vaccinated individuals have minimal neutralizing activity against Omicron have been interpreted as indicating the need for a third vaccine dose for protection. However, there is little information about early immune responses to Omicron infection in double vaccinated individuals.MethodsWe measured inflammatory mediators, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and spike peptide-induced release of interferon gamma in whole blood in 51 double-vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron, in 14 infected with Delta, and in 18 healthy controls. The median time points for the first and second samples were 7 and 14 days after symptom onset, respectively.FindingsInfection with Omicron or Delta led to a rapid and similar increase in antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron protein and spike peptide-induced interferon gamma in whole blood. Both the Omicron- and the Delta-infected patients had a mild and transient increase in inflammatory parameters.InterpretationThe results suggest that two vaccine doses are sufficient to mount a rapid and potent immune response upon infection in healthy individuals of with the Omicron variant.FundingThe study was funded by the Oslo University Hospital, and by grants from The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research Council of Norway (no 312780, 324272), South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (no 2019067, 2021071, 10357, 2021047, 33612, 2021087, 2017092), EU Horizon 2020 grant no 848099, a philantropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S, and The European Virus Archive Global.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nursing, Health and Laboratory Science, University College of Østfold, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah L. Murphy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Katrine Steffensen
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Huda al-Baldawi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla Ågnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Schanke
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Istre
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Dudman
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B. Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Critical Care and Emergencies, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Cato Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, ; Jan Cato Holter,
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22
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Gwyn S, Abubakar A, Akinmulero O, Bergeron E, Blessing UN, Chaitram J, Coughlin MM, Dawurung AB, Dickson FN, Esiekpe M, Evbuomwan E, Greby SM, Iriemenam NC, Kainulainen MH, Naanpoen TA, Napoloen L, Odoh I, Okoye M, Olaleye T, Schuh AJ, Owen SM, Samuel A, Martin DL. Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in a Multiplex Bead Assay for Integrated Serological Surveillance of Neglected Tropical and Other Diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:260-267. [PMID: 35895418 PMCID: PMC9393470 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serosurveillance can provide estimates of population-level exposure to infectious pathogens and has been used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneous, serological testing for multiple pathogens can be done using bead-based immunoassays to add value to disease-specific serosurveys. We conducted a validation of four SARS-CoV-2 antigens-full-length spike protein, two receptor binding domain proteins, and the nucleocapsid protein-on our existing multiplex bead assay (MBA) for enteric diseases, malaria, and vaccine preventable diseases. After determining the optimal conditions for coupling the antigens to microsphere beads, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined on two instruments (Luminex-200 and MAGPIX) when testing singly (monoplex) versus combined (multiplex). Sensitivity was assessed using plasma from 87 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) positive persons collected in March-May of 2020 and ranged from 94.3% to 96.6% for the different testing conditions. Specificity was assessed using 98 plasma specimens collected prior to December 2019 and plasma from 19 rRT-PCR negative persons and ranged from 97.4% to 100%. The positive percent agreement was 93.8% to 97.9% using 48 specimens collected > 21 days post-symptom onset, while the negative percent agreement was ≥ 99% for all antigens. Test performance was similar using monoplex or multiplex testing. Integrating SARS-CoV-2 serology with other diseases of public health interest could add significant value to public health programs that have suffered severe programmatic setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gwyn
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Eric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jasmine Chaitram
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa M. Coughlin
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacie M. Greby
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka C. Iriemenam
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Markus H. Kainulainen
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - McPaul Okoye
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Amy J. Schuh
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S. Michele Owen
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Diana L. Martin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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23
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Junker D, Becker M, Wagner TR, Kaiser PD, Maier S, Grimm TM, Griesbaum J, Marsall P, Gruber J, Traenkle B, Heinzel C, Pinilla YT, Held J, Fendel R, Kreidenweiss A, Nelde A, Maringer Y, Schroeder S, Walz JS, Althaus K, Uzun G, Mikus M, Bakchoul T, Schenke-Layland K, Bunk S, Haeberle H, Göpel S, Bitzer M, Renk H, Remppis J, Engel C, Franz AR, Harries M, Kessel B, Lange B, Strengert M, Krause G, Zeck A, Rothbauer U, Dulovic A, Schneiderhan-Marra N. Antibody Binding and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Binding Inhibition Is Significantly Reduced for Both the BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron Variants. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e240-e249. [PMID: 35717657 PMCID: PMC9384292 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid emergence of the Omicron variant and its large number of mutations led to its classification as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization. Subsequently, Omicron evolved into distinct sublineages (eg, BA.1 and BA.2), which currently represent the majority of global infections. Initial studies of the neutralizing response toward BA.1 in convalescent and vaccinated individuals showed a substantial reduction. METHODS We assessed antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) binding, ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) binding inhibition, and IgG binding dynamics for the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants compared to a panel of VOCs/variants of interest, in a large cohort (N = 352) of convalescent, vaccinated, and infected and subsequently vaccinated individuals. RESULTS While Omicron was capable of efficiently binding to ACE2, antibodies elicited by infection or immunization showed reduced binding capacities and ACE2 binding inhibition compared to wild type. Whereas BA.1 exhibited less IgG binding compared to BA.2, BA.2 showed reduced inhibition of ACE2 binding. Among vaccinated samples, antibody binding to Omicron only improved after administration of a third dose. CONCLUSIONS Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 can still efficiently bind to ACE2, while vaccine/infection-derived antibodies can bind to Omicron. The extent of the mutations within both variants prevents a strong inhibitory binding response. As a result, both Omicron variants are able to evade control by preexisting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Maier
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Tanja M Grimm
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Heinzel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yudi T Pinilla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University of Tuebingen and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,” University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University of Tuebingen and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,” University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schroeder
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University of Tuebingen and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University of Tuebingen and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,” University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gunalp Uzun
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marco Mikus
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Bunk
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helene Haeberle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Siri Göpel
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany,Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Engel
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany,Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany,Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Barbora Kessel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monika Strengert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerard Krause
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- Correspondence: A. Dulovic, Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, Reutlingen, 72770 Germany ()
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24
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Si Y, Covello L, Wang S, Covello T, Gelman A. Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community. Epidemiology 2022; 33:457-464. [PMID: 35394966 PMCID: PMC9148633 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explicit knowledge of total community-level immune seroprevalence is critical to developing policies to mitigate the social and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Publicly available vaccination data are frequently cited as a proxy for population immunity, but this metric ignores the effects of naturally acquired immunity, which varies broadly throughout the country and world. Without broad or random sampling of the population, accurate measurement of persistent immunity post-natural infection is generally unavailable. METHODS To enable tracking of both naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, we set up a synthetic random proxy based on routine hospital testing for estimating total immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence in the sampled community. Our approach analyzed viral IgG testing data of asymptomatic patients who presented for elective procedures within a hospital system. We applied multilevel regression and poststratification to adjust for demographic and geographic discrepancies between the sample and the community population. We then applied state-based vaccination data to categorize immune status as driven by natural infection or by vaccine. RESULTS We validated the model using verified clinical metrics of viral and symptomatic disease incidence to show the expected biologic correlation of these entities with the timing, rate, and magnitude of seroprevalence. In mid-July 2021, the estimated immunity level was 74% with the administered vaccination rate of 45% in the two counties. CONCLUSIONS Our metric improves real-time understanding of immunity to COVID-19 as it evolves and the coordination of policy responses to the disease, toward an inexpensive and easily operational surveillance system that transcends the limits of vaccination datasets alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Si
- From the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Siquan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Andrew Gelman
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Political Science, Columbia University, New York, NY
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25
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On the caveats of a multiplex test for SARS-CoV-2 to detect seroconversion after infection or vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10366. [PMID: 35725758 PMCID: PMC9208546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in over 6 million reported deaths worldwide being one of the biggest challenges the world faces today. Here we present optimizations of all steps of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based test to detect IgG, IgA and IgM against the trimeric spike (S) protein, receptor binding domain (RBD), and N terminal domain of the nucleocapsid (N-NTD) protein of SARS-CoV-2. We discuss how to determine specific thresholds for antibody positivity and its limitations according to the antigen used. We applied the assay to a cohort of 126 individuals from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, consisting of 23 PCR-positive individuals and 103 individuals without a confirmed diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. To illustrate the differences in serological responses to vaccinal immunization, we applied the test in 18 individuals from our cohort before and after receiving ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac vaccines. Taken together, our results show that the test can be customized at different stages depending on its application, enabling the user to analyze different cohorts, saving time, reagents, or samples. It is also a valuable tool for elucidating the immunological consequences of new viral strains and monitoring vaccination coverage and duration of response to different immunization regimens.
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26
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Cugno M, Meroni PL, Consonni D, Griffini S, Grovetti E, Novembrino C, Torri A, Griffante G, Gariglio M, Varani L, Peyvandi F. Effects of Antibody Responses to Pre-Existing Coronaviruses on Disease Severity and Complement Activation in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061191. [PMID: 35744709 PMCID: PMC9228214 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be influenced by pre-existing immune responses against endemic coronaviruses, but conflicting data have been reported. We studied 148 patients who were hospitalised because of a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, classified mild in 58, moderate in 44, and severe in 46. The controls were 27 healthy subjects. At admission, blood samples were collected for the measurement of biomarkers of disease severity and levels of the IgG against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and pre-existing coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63 and 229E. Higher levels of IgG antibodies against the RBD of pre-existing coronavirus (with the highest significance for anti-HKU1 IgG, p = 0.01) were found in patients with mild disease, compared with those with moderate or severe disease. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed the association of high levels of antibodies to pre-existing coronavirus with mild disease and showed their associations with low levels of the complement activation marker SC5b-9 (p range = 0.007–0.05). High levels of anti-NL63 antibodies were associated with low levels of the coagulation activation marker D-dimer (p = 0.04), while high levels of IgG against 229E were associated with low levels of the endothelial activation marker von Willebrand factor (p = 0.05). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-neutralising activity of plasma positively correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (r = 0.53, p = 0.04) and with anti-HKU1 IgG (r = 0.51, p = 0.05). In hospitalised patients with COVID-19, high levels of antibodies to pre-existing coronaviruses are associated with mild disease, suggesting that their measurement could be useful in predicting the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cugno
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy;
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Samantha Griffini
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Elena Grovetti
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Novembrino
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Adriana Torri
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Medicina Generale–Emostasi e Trombosi, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (E.G.); (C.N.); (A.T.)
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27
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Lohse S, Sternjakob-Marthaler A, Lagemann P, Schöpe J, Rissland J, Seiwert N, Pfuhl T, Müllendorff A, Kiefer LS, Vogelgesang M, Vella L, Denk K, Vicari J, Zwick A, Lang I, Weber G, Geisel J, Rech J, Schnabel B, Hauptmann G, Holleczek B, Scheiblauer H, Wagenpfeil S, Smola S. German federal-state-wide seroprevalence study of 1 st SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave shows importance of long-term antibody test performance. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:52. [PMID: 35603305 PMCID: PMC9117207 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable data on the adult SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate in Germany are still scarce. We performed a federal state-wide cross-sectional seroprevalence study named SaarCoPS, that is representative for the adult population including elderly individuals and nursing home residents in the Saarland. Methods Serum was collected from 2940 adults via stationary or mobile teams during the 1st pandemic wave steady state period. We selected an antibody test system with maximal specificity, also excluding seroreversion effects due to a high longitudinal test performance. For the calculations of infection and fatality rates, we accounted for the delays of seroconversion and death after infection. Results Using a highly specific total antibody test detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses over more than 180 days, we estimate an adult infection rate of 1.02% (95% CI: [0.64; 1.44]), an underreporting rate of 2.68-fold (95% CI: [1.68; 3.79]) and infection fatality rates of 2.09% (95% CI: (1.48; 3.32]) or 0.36% (95% CI: [0.25; 0.59]) in all adults including elderly individuals, or adults younger than 70 years, respectively. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of study design and test performance for seroprevalence studies, particularly when seroprevalences are low. Our results provide a valuable baseline for evaluation of future pandemic dynamics and impact of public health measures on virus spread and human health in comparison to neighbouring countries such as Luxembourg or France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lohse
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Paul Lagemann
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schöpe
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rissland
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Seiwert
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pfuhl
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Alana Müllendorff
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laurent S Kiefer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Vogelgesang
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luca Vella
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Denk
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia Vicari
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anabel Zwick
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lang
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gero Weber
- Physical Geography and Environmental Research, Saarland University, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Central Laboratory, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Rech
- Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, Women and the Family, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Schnabel
- Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, Women and the Family, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gunter Hauptmann
- Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Saarland, 66113 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Ministry of Health, Social Affairs, Women and the Family, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarland Cancer Registry, 66117 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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28
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Junker D, Dulovic A, Becker M, Wagner TR, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Kienzle K, Bunk S, Struemper C, Haeberle H, Schmauder K, Ruetalo N, Malek N, Althaus K, Koeppen M, Rothbauer U, Walz JS, Schindler M, Bitzer M, Göpel S, Schneiderhan-Marra N. COVID-19 patient serum less potently inhibits ACE2-RBD binding for various SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7168. [PMID: 35505068 PMCID: PMC9062870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As global vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2 proceed, there is particular interest in the longevity of immune protection, especially with regard to increasingly infectious virus variants. Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 are promising correlates of protective immunity and have been successfully used for prevention and therapy. As SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) are known to affect binding to the ACE2 receptor and by extension neutralizing activity, we developed a bead-based multiplex ACE2-RBD inhibition assay (RBDCoV-ACE2) as a highly scalable, time-, cost-, and material-saving alternative to infectious live-virus neutralization tests. By mimicking the interaction between ACE2 and the RBD, this serological multiplex assay allows the simultaneous analysis of ACE2 binding inhibition to the RBDs of all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and variants of interest (VOIs) in a single well. Following validation against a classical virus neutralization test and comparison of performance against a commercially available assay, we analyzed 266 serum samples from 168 COVID-19 patients of varying severity. ACE2 binding inhibition was reduced for ten out of eleven variants examined compared to wild-type, especially for those displaying the E484K mutation such as VOCs beta and gamma. ACE2 binding inhibition, while highly individualistic, positively correlated with IgG levels. ACE2 binding inhibition also correlated with disease severity up to WHO grade 7, after which it reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kienzle
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bunk
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlotta Struemper
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helene Haeberle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schmauder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar Malek
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karina Althaus
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Koeppen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases (RBCT), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siri Göpel
- Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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29
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Dulovic A, Strengert M, Ramos GM, Becker M, Griesbaum J, Junker D, Lürken K, Beigel A, Wrenger E, Lonnemann G, Cossmann A, Stankov MV, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Krause G, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Behrens GM. Diminishing Immune Responses against Variants of Concern in Dialysis Patients 4 Months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:743-750. [PMID: 35203113 PMCID: PMC8962909 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.211907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were among the first to receive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations because of their increased risk for severe coronavirus disease and high case-fatality rates. By using a previously reported cohort from Germany of at-risk hemodialysis patients and healthy donors, where antibody responses were examined 3 weeks after the second vaccination, we assessed systemic cellular and humoral immune responses in serum and saliva 4 months after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine using an interferon-γ release assay and multiplex-based IgG measurements. We further compared neutralization capacity of vaccination-induced IgG against 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding domain competition assay. Sixteen weeks after second vaccination, compared with 3 weeks after, cellular and humoral responses against the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate and variants of concern were substantially reduced. Some dialysis patients even had no detectable B- or T-cell responses.
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30
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Dulovic A, Kessel B, Harries M, Becker M, Ortmann J, Griesbaum J, Jüngling J, Junker D, Hernandez P, Gornyk D, Glöckner S, Melhorn V, Castell S, Heise JK, Kemmling Y, Tonn T, Frank K, Illig T, Klopp N, Warikoo N, Rath A, Suckel C, Marzian AU, Grupe N, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Kerrinnes T, Krause G, Lange B, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Strengert M. Comparative Magnitude and Persistence of Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in the Adult Population in Germany. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828053. [PMID: 35251012 PMCID: PMC8888837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune protection. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focus on studying the impact of one or two immunisation schemes within subpopulations such as immunocompromised individuals or healthcare workers. To provide information on the duration and quality of vaccine-induced immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed antibody titres against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern in samples from a large German population-based seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all currently available immunisation schemes. We found that homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S.2 performance was particularly concerning with reduced titres and 91.7% of samples classified as non-responsive for ACE2 binding inhibition, suggesting that recipients require a booster mRNA vaccination. While mRNA vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies, vector-based vaccines resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why these vaccines have increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received, which could aid future dose allocation should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Overall, both titres and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-second vaccination and then decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Barbora Kessel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ortmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jüngling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Pilar Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Gornyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Glöckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Melhorn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana-Kristin Heise
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Frank
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Neha Warikoo
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Rath
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christina Suckel
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Ulrike Marzian
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicole Grupe
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kerrinnes
- Department of RNA-Biology of Bacterial Infections, Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Carruthers JE, Wells J, Gupta A, Kallon D, Cox A, Pina N, Yaqoob MM, Rajakariar R. Response to Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis With Renal Involvement. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:817845. [PMID: 35127773 PMCID: PMC8811045 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.817845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) present with multisystem disease including renal impairment. The treatment for AAV involves a high burden of immunosuppression. Patients with renal involvement are treated especially intensively. As a result, we identified these patients as being potentially at high risk of failure to seroconvert to COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We collected data on seroconversion response rates to COVID-19 vaccination in a multi-ethnic cohort of patients with AAV and renal involvement treated at a busy tertiary nephrology centre as part of a retrospective review of patient notes. Blood samples were taken following vaccination with either Pfizer or Astra-Zeneca COVID-19 vaccines and median fluorescence intensity was measured using the validated MULTICOV-Ab Magnetic LuminexⓇ Assay. We also evaluated whether seroconversion was affected by immunosuppression regimen. Results 81 patients were included. The mean age was 62, and there were 49 (60%) females. 55 patients had a blood test after the first dose; 46 after the second dose. Patients were in remission with a median BVAS of 0 (IQR 2). Seroconversion after the first dose with either vaccine was 35/55 (63.6%). After the second it was 38/46 (82.6%). Subgroup analyses revealed a trend to impaired seroconversion in non-white versus white patients (77.8 vs. 81.7% (p = 0.69) after the first dose of vaccine and in those treated with Rituximab in the last 12 months (73.3 vs. 87.1%, p = 0.41). Conclusions These data offer real-world evidence of lower seroconversion in response to vaccination with one dose in patients with AAV and renal involvement than the general UK population. After two doses, seroconversion is in line with national data. These data provide a rationale for hospital-led identification of patients most at risk of COVID-19 and underscore the importance of local connexions between hospitals and their communities. These data provide further support for targeting booster vaccination programmes to vulnerable patient cohorts. They add to the growing evidence of reduced seroconversion in response to vaccination in patients with renal disease of any cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E. Carruthers
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Wells
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Gupta
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delordson Kallon
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amber Cox
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neuza Pina
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Magdi Yaqoob
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ravindra Rajakariar
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ravindra Rajakariar
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Esparcia-Pinedo L, Martínez-Fleta P, Ropero N, Vera-Tomé P, Reyburn HT, Casasnovas JM, Rodríguez Frade JM, Valés-Gómez M, Vilches C, Martín-Gayo E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sanchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A. CD4+ T Cell Immune Specificity Changes After Vaccination in Healthy And COVID-19 Convalescent Subjects. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755891. [PMID: 35126347 PMCID: PMC8807633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response promoted by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is relevant to develop novel vaccines and optimized prevention strategies. We analyzed the adaptive immunity in healthy donors (HD) and convalescent individuals (CD), before and after administering BNT162b2 vaccine. Our results revealed specific changes in CD4+ T cell reactivity profile in vaccinated HD and CD, with an increase in S1 and S2 positive individuals, proportionally higher for S2. On the contrary, NCAP reactivity observed in HD and CD patients was no longer detectable after vaccination. Despite the substantial antibody response in CD, MPro-derived peptides did not elicit CD4+ lymphocyte activation in our assay in either condition. HD presented an increment in anti-S and anti-RBD IgG after first dose vaccination, which increased after the second vaccination. Conversely, anti-S and anti-RBD IgG and IgA titers increased in already positive CD after first dose administration, remaining stable after second dose inoculation. Interestingly, we found a strong significant correlation between S1-induced CD4+ response and anti-S IgA pre-vaccination, which was lost after vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Ropero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Vera-Tomé
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Casasnovas
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodríguez Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Arantzazu Alfranca,
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Lin CY, Wolf J, Brice DC, Sun Y, Locke M, Cherry S, Castellaw AH, Wehenkel M, Crawford JC, Zarnitsyna VI, Duque D, Allison KJ, Allen EK, Brown SA, Mandarano AH, Estepp JH, Taylor C, Molina-Paris C, Schultz-Cherry S, Tang L, Thomas PG, McGargill MA. Pre-existing humoral immunity to human common cold coronaviruses negatively impacts the protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:83-96.e4. [PMID: 34965382 PMCID: PMC8648673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes diverse outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to respiratory distress and death. A major unresolved question is whether prior immunity to endemic, human common cold coronaviruses (hCCCoVs) impacts susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunity following infection and vaccination. Therefore, we analyzed samples from the same individuals before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. We found hCCCoV antibody levels increase after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, demonstrating cross-reactivity. However, a case-control study indicates that baseline hCCCoV antibody levels are not associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rather, higher magnitudes of pre-existing betacoronavirus antibodies correlate with more SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following infection, an indicator of greater disease severity. Additionally, immunization with hCCCoV spike proteins before SARS-CoV-2 immunization impedes the generation of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Together, these data suggest that pre-existing hCCCoV antibodies hinder SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based immunity following infection and provide insight on how pre-existing coronavirus immunity impacts SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical considering emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Lin
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David C Brice
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ashley H Castellaw
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marie Wehenkel
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Veronika I Zarnitsyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Duque
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kim J Allison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jeremie H Estepp
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Carmen Molina-Paris
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; T-6, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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34
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Renk H, Dulovic A, Seidel A, Becker M, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Junker D, Groß R, Müller J, Hilger A, Bode SFN, Fritsch L, Frieh P, Haddad A, Görne T, Remppis J, Ganzemueller T, Dietz A, Huzly D, Hengel H, Kaier K, Weber S, Jacobsen EM, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Stich M, Tönshoff B, Hoffmann GF, Müller B, Ludwig C, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Peter A, Hörber S, Iftner T, Münch J, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Wolkewitz M, Engel C, Liu W, Rizzi M, Hahn BH, Henneke P, Franz AR, Debatin KM, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Janda A, Elling R. Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:128. [PMID: 35013206 PMCID: PMC8748910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and persistence of children's humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3-4 months and 11-12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11-12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilger
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Frieh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tina Ganzemueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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35
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Tanunliong G, Liu A, Vijh R, Pidduck T, Kustra J, Márquez AC, Choi A, McLennan M, Hayden A, Kearney C, Gantt S, Krajden M, Morshed M, Jassem AN, Sekirov I. Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Long Term Care Residents Over Seven Months After Two COVID-19 Outbreaks. Front Immunol 2022; 12:775420. [PMID: 35046939 PMCID: PMC8763385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As part of the public health outbreak investigations, serological surveys were carried out following two COVID-19 outbreaks in April 2020 and October 2020 in one long term care facility (LTCF) in British Columbia, Canada. This study describes the serostatus of the LTCF residents and monitors changes in their humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (HCoV) over seven months. Methods A total of 132 serum samples were collected from all 106 consenting residents (aged 54-102) post-first outbreak (N=87) and post-second outbreak (N=45) in one LTCF; 26/106 participants provided their serum following both COVID-19 outbreaks, permitting longitudinal comparisons between surveys. Health-Canada approved commercial serologic tests and a pan-coronavirus multiplexed immunoassay were used to evaluate antibody levels against the spike protein, nucleocapsid, and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the spike proteins of HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43. Statistical analyses were performed to describe the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 among residents longitudinally. Findings Survey findings demonstrated that among the 26 individuals that participated in both surveys, all 10 individuals seropositive after the first outbreak continued to be seropositive following the second outbreak, with no reinfections identified among them. SARS-CoV-2 attack rate in the second outbreak was lower (28.6%) than in the first outbreak (40.2%), though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Gradual waning of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was observed on commercial (median Δ=-3.7, P=0.0098) and multiplexed immunoassay (median Δ=-169579, P=0.014) platforms; however, anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies did not exhibit a statistically significant decline over 7 months. Elevated antibody levels for beta-HCoVs OC43 (P<0.0001) and HKU1 (P=0.0027) were observed among individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to seronegative individuals. Conclusion Our study utilized well-validated serological platforms to demonstrate that humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 persisted for at least 7 months. Elevated OC43 and HKU1 antibodies among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals may be attributed to cross reaction and/or boosting of humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalein Tanunliong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rohit Vijh
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tamara Pidduck
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jesse Kustra
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Choi
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meghan McLennan
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Althea Hayden
- Office of the Chief Medical Health Officer, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Soren Gantt
- Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N. Jassem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Wratil PR, Schmacke NA, Karakoc B, Dulovic A, Junker D, Becker M, Rothbauer U, Osterman A, Spaeth PM, Ruhle A, Gapp M, Schneider S, Muenchhoff M, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, Mayerle J, Reincke M, Behr J, Kääb S, Zwissler B, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Eberle J, Kaderali L, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Hornung V, Keppler OT. Evidence for increased SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 severity related to pre-existing immunity to seasonal coronaviruses. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110169. [PMID: 34932974 PMCID: PMC8648802 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of pre-existing immune responses to seasonal endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs) for the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of COVID-19 is the subject of an ongoing scientific debate. Recent studies postulate that immune responses to previous HCoV infections can either have a slightly protective or no effect on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and, consequently, be neglected for COVID-19 risk stratification. Challenging this notion, we provide evidence that pre-existing, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against endemic α-coronaviruses and S2 domain-specific anti-spike antibodies against β-coronavirus HCoV-OC43 are elevated in patients with COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic donors. This finding is particularly pronounced in males and in critically ill patients. Longitudinal evaluation reveals that antibody cross-reactivity or polyclonal stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 infection are unlikely to be confounders. Thus, specific pre-existing immunity to seasonal coronaviruses may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and predispose individuals to an adverse COVID-19 outcome, guiding risk management and supporting the development of universal coronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80802 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Niklas A Schmacke
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Burak Karakoc
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Patricia M Spaeth
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80802 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Juergen Behr
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Medicine V, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zwissler
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Anaesthesiology, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Josef Eberle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Bavaria, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80802 Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
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37
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Traenkle B, Kaiser PD, Pezzana S, Richardson J, Gramlich M, Wagner TR, Seyfried D, Weldle M, Holz S, Parfyonova Y, Nueske S, Scholz AM, Zeck A, Jakobi M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schaller M, Maurer A, Gouttefangeas C, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Sonanini D, Rothbauer U. Single-Domain Antibodies for Targeting, Detection, and In Vivo Imaging of Human CD4 + Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799910. [PMID: 34956237 PMCID: PMC8696186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates appropriate probes to monitor the presence and distribution of distinct immune cell populations. Considering the key role of CD4+ cells in regulating immunological processes, we generated novel single-domain antibodies [nanobodies (Nbs)] that specifically recognize human CD4. After in-depth analysis of their binding properties, recognized epitopes, and effects on T-cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine release, we selected CD4-specific Nbs that did not interfere with crucial T-cell processes in vitro and converted them into immune tracers for noninvasive molecular imaging. By optical imaging, we demonstrated the ability of a high-affinity CD4-Nb to specifically visualize CD4+ cells in vivo using a xenograft model. Furthermore, quantitative high-resolution immune positron emission tomography (immunoPET)/MR of a human CD4 knock-in mouse model showed rapid accumulation of 64Cu-radiolabeled CD4-Nb1 in CD4+ T cell-rich tissues. We propose that the CD4-Nbs presented here could serve as versatile probes for stratifying patients and monitoring individual immune responses during personalized immunotherapy in both cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefania Pezzana
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Gramlich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Weldle
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Holz
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yana Parfyonova
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin M Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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38
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Jiang HW, Tao SC. Quantitative plasma proteome profiling of COVID-19 patients with mild and moderate symptoms. EBioMedicine 2021; 75:103773. [PMID: 34959132 PMCID: PMC8702381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- He-Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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39
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Stankov MV, Cossmann A, Bonifacius A, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Ramos GM, Gödecke N, Scharff AZ, Happle C, Boeck AL, Tran AT, Pink I, Hoeper MM, Blasczyk R, Winkler MS, Nehlmeier I, Kempf A, Hofmann-Winkler H, Hoffmann M, Eiz-Vesper B, Pöhlmann S, Behrens GMN. Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants and Human Coronaviruses After Single BNT162b2 Vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2000-2008. [PMID: 34134134 PMCID: PMC8384414 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are key in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, delays of boost immunization due to limited availability of vaccines may leave individuals vulnerable to infection and prolonged or severe disease courses. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC)-B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B.1.351 (South Africa), and P.1 (Brazil)-may exacerbate this issue, as the latter two are able to evade control by antibodies. METHODS We assessed humoral and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), VOC, and endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) that were induced after single and double vaccination with BNT162b2. RESULTS Despite readily detectable immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein at day 14 after a single vaccination, inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S-driven host cell entry was weak and particularly low for the B.1.351 variant. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC-specific T cells were low in many vaccinees after application of a single dose and influenced by immunity against endemic hCoV. The second vaccination significantly boosted T-cell frequencies reactive for WT and B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. CONCLUSIONS These results call into question whether neutralizing antibodies significantly contribute to protection against COVID-19 upon single vaccination and suggest that cellular immunity is central for the early defenses against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metodi V Stankov
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant
Engineering, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site
Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig,
Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant
Engineering, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Zychlinsky Scharff
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and
Neonatology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and
Neonatology, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Biomedical Research in
End Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Boeck
- Department for Neurology, Hannover Medical
School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anh Thu Tran
- Department for Neurology, Hannover Medical
School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Pink
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, member
of the German Center for Lung Research,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, member
of the German Center for Lung Research,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant
Engineering, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin S Winkler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit,
University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg-August University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate
Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Kempf
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate
Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate
Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology,
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant
Engineering, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate
Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology,
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site
Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig,
Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection
Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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40
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Hein S, Benz NI, Eisert J, Herrlein ML, Oberle D, Dreher M, Stingl JC, Hildt C, Hildt E. Comirnaty-Elicited and Convalescent Sera Recognize Different Spike Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1419. [PMID: 34960165 PMCID: PMC8708883 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are based on a stabilized variant of the spike protein. This raises the question of whether the immune response against the stabilized spike is identical to the immune response that is elicited by the native spike in the case of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a peptide array-based approach, we analysed the binding of antibodies from Comirnaty-elicited, convalescent, and control sera to the peptides covering the spike protein. A total of 37 linear epitopes were identified. A total of 26 of these epitopes were almost exclusively recognized by the convalescent sera. Mapping these epitopes to the spike structures revealed that most of these 26 epitopes are masked in the pre-fusion structure. In particular, in the conserved central helix, three epitopes that are only exposed in the post-fusion conformation were identified. This indicates a higher spike-specific antibody diversity in convalescent sera. These differences could be relevant for the breadth of spike-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Hein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (N.I.B.); (J.E.); (M.-L.H.)
| | - Nuka Ivalu Benz
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (N.I.B.); (J.E.); (M.-L.H.)
| | - Jonathan Eisert
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (N.I.B.); (J.E.); (M.-L.H.)
| | - Marie-Luise Herrlein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (N.I.B.); (J.E.); (M.-L.H.)
| | - Doris Oberle
- Division of Pharmacovigilance, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63325 Langen, Germany;
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Julia C. Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christoph Hildt
- Main-Kinzig-Kliniken, Herzbachweg 14, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany;
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Street 51–59, D-63225 Langen, Germany; (N.I.B.); (J.E.); (M.-L.H.)
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41
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Deutsch EW, Omenn GS, Sun Z, Maes M, Pernemalm M, Palaniappan KK, Letunica N, Vandenbrouck Y, Brun V, Tao SC, Yu X, Geyer PE, Ignjatovic V, Moritz RL, Schwenk JM. Advances and Utility of the Human Plasma Proteome. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5241-5263. [PMID: 34672606 PMCID: PMC9469506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of proteins circulating in blood offers tremendous opportunities to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. With recent technological advances and the urgent need to understand the effects of COVID-19, the proteomic analysis of blood-derived serum and plasma has become even more important for studying human biology and pathophysiology. Here we provide views and perspectives about technological developments and possible clinical applications that use mass-spectrometry(MS)- or affinity-based methods. We discuss examples where plasma proteomics contributed valuable insights into SARS-CoV-2 infections, aging, and hemostasis and the opportunities offered by combining proteomics with genetic data. As a contribution to the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Human Plasma Proteome Project (HPPP), we present the Human Plasma PeptideAtlas build 2021-07 that comprises 4395 canonical and 1482 additional nonredundant human proteins detected in 240 MS-based experiments. In addition, we report the new Human Extracellular Vesicle PeptideAtlas 2021-06, which comprises five studies and 2757 canonical proteins detected in extracellular vesicles circulating in blood, of which 74% (2047) are in common with the plasma PeptideAtlas. Our overview summarizes the recent advances, impactful applications, and ongoing challenges for translating plasma proteomics into utility for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, and Human Genetics and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2218, United States
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology and Pathology/Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Natasha Letunica
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yves Vandenbrouck
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm U1292, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Virginie Brun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm U1292, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Sheng-Ce Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, B207 SCSB Building, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Philipp E Geyer
- OmicEra Diagnostics GmbH, Behringstr. 6, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden
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42
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Fontenele RS, Kraberger S, Hadfield J, Driver EM, Bowes D, Holland LA, Faleye TOC, Adhikari S, Kumar R, Inchausti R, Holmes WK, Deitrick S, Brown P, Duty D, Smith T, Bhatnagar A, Yeager RA, Holm RH, von Reitzenstein NH, Wheeler E, Dixon K, Constantine T, Wilson MA, Lim ES, Jiang X, Halden RU, Scotch M, Varsani A. High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. WATER RESEARCH 2021. [PMID: 34607084 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.22.21250320%j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with >90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 548 were "novel" SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the novel SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - James Hadfield
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erin M Driver
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Devin Bowes
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - LaRinda A Holland
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Temitope O C Faleye
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sangeet Adhikari
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Rosa Inchausti
- Strategic Management and Diversity Office, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Wydale K Holmes
- Strategic Management and Diversity Office, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Stephanie Deitrick
- Enterprise GIS & Data Analytics, Information Technology, 31 E Fifth Street, City of Tempe, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Philip Brown
- Municipal Utilities, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Darrell Duty
- Tempe Fire Medical Rescue, 31 E Fifth Street, City of Tempe, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Ted Smith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ray A Yeager
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rochelle H Holm
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Elliott Wheeler
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Kevin Dixon
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Tim Constantine
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 401 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Efrem S Lim
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; OneWaterOneHealth, Nonprofit Project of the Arizona State University Foundation, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Matthew Scotch
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 401 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Fontenele RS, Kraberger S, Hadfield J, Driver EM, Bowes D, Holland LA, Faleye TOC, Adhikari S, Kumar R, Inchausti R, Holmes WK, Deitrick S, Brown P, Duty D, Smith T, Bhatnagar A, Yeager RA, Holm RH, von Reitzenstein NH, Wheeler E, Dixon K, Constantine T, Wilson MA, Lim ES, Jiang X, Halden RU, Scotch M, Varsani A. High-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater provides insights into circulating variants. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117710. [PMID: 34607084 PMCID: PMC8464352 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely emerged from a zoonotic spill-over event and has led to a global pandemic. The public health response has been predominantly informed by surveillance of symptomatic individuals and contact tracing, with quarantine, and other preventive measures have then been applied to mitigate further spread. Non-traditional methods of surveillance such as genomic epidemiology and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) have also been leveraged during this pandemic. Genomic epidemiology uses high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes to inform local and international transmission events, as well as the diversity of circulating variants. WBE uses wastewater to analyse community spread, as it is known that SARS-CoV-2 is shed through bodily excretions. Since both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals contribute to wastewater inputs, we hypothesized that the resultant pooled sample of population-wide excreta can provide a more comprehensive picture of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity circulating in a community than clinical testing and sequencing alone. In this study, we analysed 91 wastewater samples from 11 states in the USA, where the majority of samples represent Maricopa County, Arizona (USA). With the objective of assessing the viral diversity at a population scale, we undertook a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) analysis on data from 52 samples with >90% SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of sequence reads, and compared these SNVs with those detected in genomes sequenced from clinical patients. We identified 7973 SNVs, of which 548 were "novel" SNVs that had not yet been identified in the global clinical-derived data as of 17th June 2020 (the day after our last wastewater sampling date). However, between 17th of June 2020 and 20th November 2020, almost half of the novel SNVs have since been detected in clinical-derived data. Using the combination of SNVs present in each sample, we identified the more probable lineages present in that sample and compared them to lineages observed in North America prior to our sampling dates. The wastewater-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequence data indicates there were more lineages circulating across the sampled communities than represented in the clinical-derived data. Principal coordinate analyses identified patterns in population structure based on genetic variation within the sequenced samples, with clear trends associated with increased diversity likely due to a higher number of infected individuals relative to the sampling dates. We demonstrate that genetic correlation analysis combined with SNVs analysis using wastewater sampling can provide a comprehensive snapshot of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic population structure circulating within a community, which might not be observed if relying solely on clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - James Hadfield
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Erin M Driver
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Devin Bowes
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - LaRinda A Holland
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Temitope O C Faleye
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sangeet Adhikari
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Rosa Inchausti
- Strategic Management and Diversity Office, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Wydale K Holmes
- Strategic Management and Diversity Office, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Stephanie Deitrick
- Enterprise GIS & Data Analytics, Information Technology, 31 E Fifth Street, City of Tempe, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Philip Brown
- Municipal Utilities, City of Tempe, 31 E Fifth Street, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Darrell Duty
- Tempe Fire Medical Rescue, 31 E Fifth Street, City of Tempe, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Ted Smith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ray A Yeager
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rochelle H Holm
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 302 E. Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Elliott Wheeler
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Kevin Dixon
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Tim Constantine
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., 1999 Bryan Street, Dallas, TX 75201, USA
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 401 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Efrem S Lim
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; OneWaterOneHealth, Nonprofit Project of the Arizona State University Foundation, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Matthew Scotch
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 401 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Alkharaan H, Bayati S, Hellström C, Aleman S, Olsson A, Lindahl K, Bogdanovic G, Healy K, Tsilingaridis G, De Palma P, Hober S, Månberg A, Nilsson P, Pin E, Sällberg Chen M. Persisting Salivary IgG Against SARS-CoV-2 at 9 Months After Mild COVID-19: A Complementary Approach to Population Surveys. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:407-414. [PMID: 33978762 PMCID: PMC8244549 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Declining humoral immunity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and possible reinfection have raised concern. Mucosal immunity, particularly salivary antibodies, may be short lived although long-term studies are lacking. Methods Using a multiplex bead-based array platform, we investigated antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in 256 saliva samples from convalescent patients 1–9 months after symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 74, cohort 1), undiagnosed individuals with self-reported questionnaires (n = 147, cohort 2), and individuals sampled prepandemic (n = 35, cohort 3). Results Salivary IgG antibody responses in cohort 1 (mainly mild COVID-19) were detectable up to 9 months postrecovery, with high correlations between spike and nucleocapsid specificity. At 9 months, IgG remained in blood and saliva in most patients. Salivary IgA was rarely detected at this time point. In cohort 2, salivary IgG and IgA responses were significantly associated with recent history of COVID-19–like symptoms. Salivary IgG tolerated temperature and detergent pretreatments. Conclusions Unlike SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA that appeared short lived, specific saliva IgG appeared stable even after mild COVID-19, as for blood serology. This noninvasive saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody test with home self-collection may be a complementary alternative to conventional blood serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaghayegh Bayati
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Olsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gordana Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katie Healy
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Patricia De Palma
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Månberg
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Pin
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Affinity Proteomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Ortega N, Ribes M, Vidal M, Rubio R, Aguilar R, Williams S, Barrios D, Alonso S, Hernández-Luis P, Mitchell RA, Jairoce C, Cruz A, Jimenez A, Santano R, Méndez S, Lamoglia M, Rosell N, Llupià A, Puyol L, Chi J, Melero NR, Parras D, Serra P, Pradenas E, Trinité B, Blanco J, Mayor A, Barroso S, Varela P, Vilella A, Trilla A, Santamaria P, Carolis C, Tortajada M, Izquierdo L, Angulo A, Engel P, García-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Dobaño C. Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4740. [PMID: 34362897 PMCID: PMC8346582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortega
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sarah Williams
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Angeline Cruz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Méndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Lamoglia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- School of Health Sciences TecnoCampus Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, Spain
| | - Neus Rosell
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Llupià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Chi
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Parras
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Varela
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Trilla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- International Health Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Strengert M, Becker M, Ramos GM, Dulovic A, Gruber J, Juengling J, Lürken K, Beigel A, Wrenger E, Lonnemann G, Cossmann A, Stankov MV, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Krause G, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Behrens GMN. Cellular and humoral immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients on haemodialysis. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103524. [PMID: 34391096 PMCID: PMC8357427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic renal insufficiency on maintenance haemodialysis face an increased risk of COVID-19 induced mortality and impaired vaccine responses. To date, only a few studies have addressed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicited immunity in this immunocompromised population. METHODS We assessed immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in at-risk dialysis patients and characterised systemic cellular and humoral immune responses in serum and saliva using interferon γ release assay and multiplex-based cytokine and immunoglobulin measurements. We further compared binding capacity and neutralization efficacy of vaccination-induced immunoglobulins against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Beta, Epsilon and Cluster 5 by ACE2-RBD competition assay. FINDINGS Patients on maintenance haemodialysis exhibit detectable but variable cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern after a two-dose regimen of BNT162b2. Although vaccination-induced immunoglobulins were detectable in saliva and plasma, both anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralization efficacy was reduced compared to a vaccinated non-dialysed control population. Similarly, T-cell mediated interferon γ release after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides was significantly diminished. INTERPRETATION Quantifiable humoral and cellular immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals on maintenance haemodialysis are encouraging, but urge for longitudinal follow-up to assess longevity of immunity. Diminished virus neutralization and interferon γ responses in the face of emerging variants of concern may favour this at-risk population for re-vaccination using modified vaccines at the earliest opportunity. FUNDING Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg for Economic Affairs, Labour and Tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Strengert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Juengling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Metodi V Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Georg M N Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; CiiM - Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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47
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Althaus K, Möller P, Uzun G, Singh A, Beck A, Bettag M, Bösmüller H, Guthoff M, Dorn F, Petzold GC, Henkes H, Heyne N, Jumaa H, Kreiser K, Limpach C, Luz B, Maschke M, Müller JA, Münch J, Nagel S, Pötzsch B, Müller J, Schlegel C, Viardot A, Bäzner H, Wolf M, Pelzl L, Warm V, Willinek WA, Steiner J, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Vollherbst D, Sachs UJ, Fend F, Bakchoul T. Antibody-mediated procoagulant platelets in SARS-CoV-2-vaccination associated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2021; 106:2170-2179. [PMID: 34011137 PMCID: PMC8327736 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. To prevent severe infection, mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns with several vaccine types are currently underway. We report pathological and immunological findings in 8 patients who developed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. We analyzed patient material using enzyme immune assays, flow cytometry and heparin-induced platelet aggregation assay and performed autopsies on two fatal cases. Eight patients (5 female, 3 male) with a median age of 41.5 years (range, 24 to 53) were referred to us with suspected thrombotic complications 6 to 20 days after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. All patients had thrombocytopenia at admission. Patients had a median platelet count of 46.5 x109/L (range, 8 to 92). Three had a fatal outcome and 5 were successfully treated. Autopsies showed arterial and venous thromboses in various organs and the occlusion of glomerular capillaries by hyaline thrombi. Sera from VITT patients contain high titer antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) (OD 2.59±0.64). PF4 antibodies in VITT patients induced significant increase in procoagulant markers (P-selectin and phosphatidylserine externalization) compared to healthy volunteers and healthy vaccinated volunteers. The generation of procoagulant platelets was PF4 and heparin dependent. We demonstrate the contribution of antibody-mediated platelet activation in the pathogenesis of VITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Althaus
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Ulm
| | - Günalp Uzun
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Anurag Singh
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Annika Beck
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Ulm
| | - Martin Bettag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Trier
| | - Hans Bösmüller
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Martina Guthoff
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | | | | | - Hans Henkes
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart
| | - Nils Heyne
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm
| | | | - Caroline Limpach
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Trier
| | - Beate Luz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart
| | - Matthias Maschke
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Trier
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm
| | - Simon Nagel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Bernd Pötzsch
- Institute for Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Bonn
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute for Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Bonn
| | | | | | | | - Marc Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Verena Warm
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | | | - Jochen Steiner
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen
| | | | | | - Ulrich J Sachs
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Giessen
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tuebingen, University Hospital of Tuebingen; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen
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48
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Modak C, Jha A, Sharma N, Kumar A. Chitosan derivatives: A suggestive evaluation for novel inhibitor discovery against wild type and variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:492-512. [PMID: 34324908 PMCID: PMC8313795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing global cases and mortality rates due to COVID-19 infection, finding effective therapeutic interventions has become a top priority. Marine resources are not explored much and to be taken into consideration for exploring antiviral potential. Chitosan (carbohydrate polymer) is one such bioactive glycan found ubiquitously in marine organisms. The presence of reactive amine/hydroxyl groups, with low toxicity/allergenicity, compels us to explore it against SARS-CoV-2. We have screened a library of chitosan derivatives by site-specific docking at not only spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of wild type SARS-CoV-2 but also on RBD of B.1.1.7 (UK) and P.1 (Brazil) SARS-CoV-2 variants. The obtained result was very interesting and ranks N-benzyl-O-acetyl-chitosan, Imino-chitosan, Sulfated-chitosan oligosaccharides derivatives as a potent antiviral candidate due to its high binding affinity of the ligands (-6.0 to -6.6 kcal/mol) with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and they critically interacting with amino acid residues Tyr 449, Asn 501, Tyr 501, Gln 493, Gln 498 and some other site-specific residues associated with higher transmissibility and severe infection. Further ADMET analysis was done and found significant for exploration of the future therapeutic potential of these three ligands. The obtained results are highly encouraging in support for consideration and exploration in further clinical studies of these chitosan derivatives as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Modak
- Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anubhuti Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nivya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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49
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Roxhed N, Bendes A, Dale M, Mattsson C, Hanke L, Dodig-Crnković T, Christian M, Meineke B, Elsässer S, Andréll J, Havervall S, Thålin C, Eklund C, Dillner J, Beck O, Thomas CE, McInerney G, Hong MG, Murrell B, Fredolini C, Schwenk JM. Multianalyte serology in home-sampled blood enables an unbiased assessment of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3695. [PMID: 34140485 PMCID: PMC8211676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological testing is essential to curb the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most assays are still limited to single analytes and samples collected within healthcare. Thus, we establish a multianalyte and multiplexed approach to reliably profile IgG and IgM levels against several versions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins (S, RBD, N) in home-sampled dried blood spots (DBS). We analyse DBS collected during spring of 2020 from 878 random and undiagnosed individuals from the population in Stockholm, Sweden, and use classification approaches to estimate an accumulated seroprevalence of 12.5% (95% CI: 10.3%-14.7%). This includes 5.4% of the samples being IgG+IgM+ against several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as well as 2.1% being IgG-IgM+ and 5.0% being IgG+IgM- for the virus' S protein. Subjects classified as IgG+ for several SARS-CoV-2 proteins report influenza-like symptoms more frequently than those being IgG+ for only the S protein (OR = 6.1; p < 0.001). Among all seropositive cases, 30% are asymptomatic. Our strategy enables an accurate individual-level and multiplexed assessment of antibodies in home-sampled blood, assisting our understanding about the undiagnosed seroprevalence and diversity of the immune response against the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Roxhed
- Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Annika Bendes
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matilda Dale
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Mattsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Leo Hanke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Murray Christian
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Birthe Meineke
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Solna, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Simon Elsässer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Solna, Sweden
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Juni Andréll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Havervall
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Carina Eklund
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Beck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia E Thomas
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.
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50
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Fink S, Ruoff F, Stahl A, Becker M, Kaiser P, Traenkle B, Junker D, Weise F, Ruetalo N, Hörber S, Peter A, Nelde A, Walz J, Krause G, Baillot A, Schenke-Layland K, Joos TO, Rothbauer U, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schindler M, Templin MF. Multiplexed Serum Antibody Screening Platform Using Virus Extracts from Endemic Coronaviridae and SARS-CoV-2. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1596-1606. [PMID: 33724771 PMCID: PMC8101008 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibodies against endemic coronaviruses has been linked to disease severity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Assays capable of concomitantly detecting antibodies against endemic coronaviridae such as OC43, 229E, NL63, and SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate this question. We developed a serum screening platform using a bead-based Western blot system called DigiWest, capable of running hundreds of assays using microgram amounts of protein prepared directly from different viruses. Characterization of the immunoassay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies revealed a sensitivity of 90.3% and a diagnostic specificity of 98.1%. Concordance analysis with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays available by Roche, Siemens, and Euroimmun indicates comparable assay performances (Cohen's κ ranging from 0.8874 to 0.9508). Analogous assays for OC43, 229E, and NL63 were established and combined into one multiplex with the SARS-CoV-2 assay. Seroreactivity for different coronaviruses was detected with high incidence, and the multiplex assay was adapted for serum screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fink
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Felix Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Philipp Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Frank Weise
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and
Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Central Laboratory, Institute for
Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University
Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
- Institute for Diabetes
Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich
at the University of Tübingen, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes
Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764,
Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Central Laboratory, Institute for
Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University
Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
- Institute for Diabetes
Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich
at the University of Tübingen, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes
Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764,
Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Clinical Collaboration Unit
Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department
of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute
for Cell Biology, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Juliane Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit
Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department
of Internal Medicine, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute
for Cell Biology, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology,
Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology,
Helmholtz Centre for Infection
Research, 38124 Braunschweig,
Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre
for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint
venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre
for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover,
Germany
| | - Armin Baillot
- Department of Virology/Serology,
Niedersächsisches
Landesgesundheitsamt, 30449 Hannover,
Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180)
“Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor
Therapies”, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
- Department of Women’s Health,
Research Institute for Women’s Health,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology,
Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School
of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
90095, United States
| | - Thomas O. Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,
Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and
Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Markus F. Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical
Sciences Institute at the University of
Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen,
Germany
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