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Li Y, Janssen TAJ, Chen R, He B, Veraverbeke S. Trends and drivers of Arctic-boreal fire intensity between 2003 and 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172020. [PMID: 38547987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has disproportional effects on Arctic-boreal ecosystems, as the increase of air temperatures in these northern regions is several times higher than the global average. Ongoing warming and drying have resulted in recent record-breaking fire years in Arctic-boreal ecosystems, resulting in substantial carbon emissions that might accelerate climate change. While recent trends in Arctic-boreal burned area have been well documented, it is still unclear how fire intensity has changed. Fire intensity relates to the energy release from combustion and to a large extent drives the impact of a fire on the vegetation and soils, the emission of various gasses and the combustion completeness of different fuels. Here, we used the active fire product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to examine trends in fire radiative power (FRP) over the entire Arctic-boreal region. We found a significant increase in annual median fire intensity between 2003 and 2022 in Eurasian boreal forests, for both daytime (increase of 0.392 MW/km2 per year, R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and nighttime fires (increase of 0.175 MW/km2 per year, R2 = 0.47, p < 0.001), while no general trend in FRP was observed in boreal North America. This increase in FRP in Eurasian boreal forests was strongly associated with simultaneous increases in air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, fire weather and fuel availability. We estimated that for Eurasia with each degree increase in air temperature, annual median daytime FRP increases with 1.58 MW/km2 in the tundra and 0.94 MW/km2 in the taiga. Climate change has thus resulted in a widespread and clear increase in fire intensity in central and eastern Eurasia while we could not discern clear trends in Arctic-boreal North America. Arctic-boreal fire intensity may further increase with climate change, with potentially major consequences for fire regimes, carbon emissions and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A J Janssen
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binbin He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sander Veraverbeke
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Zhu Q, Riley WJ, Tang J, Bouskill NJ. Plant responses to elevated CO 2 under competing hypotheses of nitrogen and phosphorus limitations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2967. [PMID: 38469663 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The future ecosystem carbon cycle has important implications for biosphere-climate feedback. The magnitude of future plant growth and carbon accumulation depends on plant strategies for nutrient uptake under the stresses of nitrogen (N) versus phosphorus (P) limitations. Two archetypal theories have been widely acknowledged in the literature to represent N and P limitations on ecosystem processes: Liebig's Law of the Minimum (LLM) and the Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) approach. LLM states that the more limiting nutrient controls plant growth, and commonly leads to predictions of dramatically dampened ecosystem carbon accumulation over the 21st century. Conversely, the MEL approach recognizes that plants possess multiple pathways to coordinate N and P availability and invest resources to alleviate N or P limitation. We implemented these two contrasting approaches in the E3SM model, and compiled 98 in situ forest N or P fertilization experiments to evaluate how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to N and P limitations. We find that MEL better captured the observed plant responses to nutrient perturbations globally, compared with LLM. Furthermore, LLM and MEL diverged dramatically in responses to elevated CO2 concentrations, leading to a two-fold difference in CO2 fertilization effects on Net Primary Productivity by the end of the 21st century. The larger CO2 fertilization effects indicated by MEL mainly resulted from plant mediation on N and P resource supplies through N2 fixation and phosphatase activities. This analysis provides quantitative evidence of how different N and P limitation strategies can diversely affect future carbon and nutrient dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bouskill
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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3
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Liu L, Zhou W, Guan K, Peng B, Xu S, Tang J, Zhu Q, Till J, Jia X, Jiang C, Wang S, Qin Z, Kong H, Grant R, Mezbahuddin S, Kumar V, Jin Z. Knowledge-guided machine learning can improve carbon cycle quantification in agroecosystems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:357. [PMID: 38191521 PMCID: PMC10774286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate and cost-effective quantification of the carbon cycle for agroecosystems at decision-relevant scales is critical to mitigating climate change and ensuring sustainable food production. However, conventional process-based or data-driven modeling approaches alone have large prediction uncertainties due to the complex biogeochemical processes to model and the lack of observations to constrain many key state and flux variables. Here we propose a Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning (KGML) framework that addresses the above challenges by integrating knowledge embedded in a process-based model, high-resolution remote sensing observations, and machine learning (ML) techniques. Using the U.S. Corn Belt as a testbed, we demonstrate that KGML can outperform conventional process-based and black-box ML models in quantifying carbon cycle dynamics. Our high-resolution approach quantitatively reveals 86% more spatial detail of soil organic carbon changes than conventional coarse-resolution approaches. Moreover, we outline a protocol for improving KGML via various paths, which can be generalized to develop hybrid models to better predict complex earth system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Liu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wang Zhou
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Bin Peng
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shaoming Xu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Till
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Chongya Jiang
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ziqi Qin
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hui Kong
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E3, Canada
| | - Symon Mezbahuddin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2E3, Canada
- Environmental Knowledge and Prediction Branch, Alberta Environment and Protected Areas, Edmonton, AB, T5K 2J6, Canada
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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4
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Ma H, Crowther TW, Mo L, Maynard DS, Renner SS, van den Hoogen J, Zou Y, Liang J, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Reich PB, Niinemets Ü, Abegg M, Adou Yao YC, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarado BV, Alvarez-Dávila E, Alvarez-Loayza P, Alves LF, Ammer C, Antón-Fernández C, Araujo-Murakami A, Arroyo L, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Baker TR, Bałazy R, Banki O, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Bastin JF, Birigazzi L, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Brienen R, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Cazzolla Gatti R, César RG, Cesljar G, Chazdon R, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cho H, Cienciala E, Clark C, Clark D, Colletta GD, Coomes DA, Valverde FC, Corral-Rivas JJ, Crim PM, Cumming JR, Dayanandan S, de Gasper AL, Decuyper M, Derroire G, DeVries B, Djordjevic I, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Engone Obiang NL, Enquist BJ, Eyre TJ, Fandohan AB, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira LV, Finér L, Fischer M, Fletcher C, Fridman J, Frizzera L, Gamarra JGP, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Hérault B, Herbohn JL, Herold M, Hillers A, Honorio Coronado EN, Hui C, Ibanez TT, Amaral I, Imai N, Jagodziński AM, Jaroszewicz B, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jucker T, Jung I, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Killeen TJ, Kim HS, Kitayama K, Köhl M, Korjus H, Kraxner F, Kucher D, Laarmann D, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lu H, Lukina NV, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marcon E, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Meave JA, Melo-Cruz O, Mendoza C, Merow C, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Moreno VS, Mukul SA, Mundhenk P, Nava-Miranda MG, Neill D, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Ngugi MR, Niklaus PA, Oleksyn J, Ontikov P, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pan Y, Paquette A, Parada-Gutierrez A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pitman NCA, Mendoza-Polo I, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Ramirez Arevalo F, Restrepo-Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Roopsind A, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Saner P, Schall P, Schelhaas MJ, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Searle EB, Seben V, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Silva-Espejo JE, Silveira M, Singh J, Sist P, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Miścicki S, Stereńczak KJ, Svenning JC, Svoboda M, Swanepoel B, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Ter Steege H, Thomas R, Tikhonova E, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Valencia R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Van Do T, van Nuland ME, Vasquez RM, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira S, von Gadow K, Wang HF, Watson JV, Werner GDA, Westerlund B, Wiser SK, Wittmann F, Woell H, Wortel V, Zagt R, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhou M, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Zohner CM. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1795-1809. [PMID: 37872262 PMCID: PMC10654052 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhi Ma
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lidong Mo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Department of Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yibiao Zou
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO - CERCA, Solsona, Spain
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meinrad Abegg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yves C Adou Yao
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelica M Almeyda Zambrano
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clara Antón-Fernández
- Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia natural Noel kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Gerardo A Aymard
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela
- Compensation International S. A. Ci Progress-GreenLife, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Radomir Bałazy
- Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Olaf Banki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jorcely G Barroso
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Meredith L Bastian
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Bastin
- TERRA Teach and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Birnbaum
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Nouméa, New Caledonia
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans Bongers
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Goran Cesljar
- Department of Spatial Regulation GIS and Forest Policy, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Tropical Forest and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hyunkook Cho
- Division of Forest Resources Information, Korea Forest Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Connie Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel D Colletta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - José J Corral-Rivas
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Philip M Crim
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, The College of Saint Rose, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Biology Department, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André L de Gasper
- Natural Science Department, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Ben DeVries
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | | | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Teresa J Eyre
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tom M Fayle
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Leandro V Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonas Fridman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Umea, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Frizzera
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Javier G P Gamarra
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Gianelle
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Hérault
- Cirad, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forestry and Environment, National Polytechnic Institute (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - John L Herbohn
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin Herold
- Helmholtz GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Section, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Hillers
- Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia Office, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Theoretical Ecology Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas T Ibanez
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Iêda Amaral
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrzej M Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Vivian Kvist Johannsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ilbin Jung
- Division of Forest Resources Information, Korea Forest Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Viktor Karminov
- Forestry Faculty, Mytischi Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russian Federation
| | - Kuswata Kartawinata
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Kenfack
- CTFS-ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Deborah K Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Latif Khan
- Department of Botany, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | | | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Michael Köhl
- Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henn Korjus
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Florian Kraxner
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Dmitry Kucher
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Laarmann
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mait Lang
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huicui Lu
- Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Natalia V Lukina
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Brian S Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric Marcon
- AgroParisTech, UMR-AMAP, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- Flamingo Land Ltd, Kirby Misperton, UK
| | - Emanuel H Martin
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Colegio de Profesionales Forestales de Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Cory Merow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Pasco, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Vanessa S Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Sharif A Mukul
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Environment and Development Studies, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Philip Mundhenk
- Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda
- Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
- Programa de doctorado en Ingeniería para el desarrollo rural y civil, Escuela de Doctorado Internacional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Victor J Neldner
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michael R Ngugi
- Queensland Herbarium and Biodiversity Science, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Petr Ontikov
- Forestry Faculty, Mytischi Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yude Pan
- Climate, Fire, and Carbon Cycle Sciences, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Elena I Parfenova
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, FRC KSC, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marc Parren
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- School of Social Sciences (Urban Studies), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Piotto
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Silvicultura Tropical, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School for Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute iuFOR, University Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Zorayda Restrepo-Correa
- Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio Climático (SECC), Fundación Con Vida and Corporación COL-TREE, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
- Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti, Ambiente, University of Trento, San Michele All'adige, Italy
| | - Samir G Rolim
- Laboratório de Dendrologia e Silvicultura Tropical, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Center for Natural Climate Solutions, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tropical Biodiversity, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Purabi Saikia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric B Searle
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vladimír Seben
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anatoly Z Shvidenko
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - James Singh
- Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, French Guiana
| | - Plinio Sist
- Cirad, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Stanislaw Miścicki
- Department of Forest Management, Dendrometry and Forest Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Nadja Tchebakova
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, FRC KSC, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development (IIC), Georgetown, French Guiana
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M Umunay
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vladimir A Usoltsev
- Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tran Van Do
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helder Viana
- Agricultural High School, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, IPV, Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexander C Vibrans
- Natural Science Department, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
- Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Simone Vieira
- Environmental Studies and Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - James V Watson
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Bertil Westerlund
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, Umea, Sweden
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hannsjoerg Woell
- Independent Researcher, Sommersbergseestrasse, Bad Aussee, Austria
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Irie C Zo-Bi
- Department of Forestry and Environment, National Polytechnic Institute (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Massey R, Rogers BM, Berner LT, Cooperdock S, Mack MC, Walker XJ, Goetz SJ. Forest composition change and biophysical climate feedbacks across boreal North America. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2023; 13:1368-1375. [PMID: 38059267 PMCID: PMC10695824 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous tree cover is expected to increase in North American boreal forests with climate warming and wildfire. This shift in composition has the potential to generate biophysical cooling via increased land surface albedo. Here we use Landsat-derived maps of continuous tree canopy cover and deciduous fractional composition to assess albedo change over recent decades. We find, on average, a small net decrease in deciduous fraction from 2000 to 2015 across boreal North America and from 1992 to 2015 across Canada, despite extensive fire disturbance that locally increased deciduous vegetation. We further find near-neutral net biophysical change in radiative forcing associated with albedo when aggregated across the domain. Thus, while there have been widespread changes in forest composition over the past several decades, the net changes in composition and associated post-fire radiative forcing have not induced systematic negative feedbacks to climate warming over the spatial and temporal scope of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Massey
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | | | - Logan T. Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Sol Cooperdock
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Xanthe J. Walker
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Scott J. Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
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6
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Cheng Y, Luo P, Yang H, Li H, Luo C, Jia H, Huang Y. Fire effects on soil carbon cycling pools in forest ecosystems: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165001. [PMID: 37353021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in soil carbon (C) pools driven by fire in forest ecosystems remain equivocal, especially at a global scale. In this study we analyzed data from 232 studies consisting of 1702 observations to investigate whether ecosystem type, climate zone, stand age, soil depth, slope, elevation, and the time since fire in influence of forest soil carbon pools to fire regime (fire type, fire season, fire intensity). Additionally, we explored the potential mechanisms of the relationships between multiple response variables to the fire using linear regression and random forest models. On aggregate, fires significantly increased the mean effect sizes of several key soil carbon cycling components-including microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total carbon (TC), pyrogenic carbon (PyC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil organic carbon (SOC) by 0.77, 0.89, 0.87, 1.22, 0.97 and 0.93, respectively, compared to unburned forests ecosystems. However, the fire effects on soil C pools vary widely between environmental factors and duration, and are mediated by factors such as tree species, fire type, and soil layer. A correlation analysis displayed the effects of fire on MBC and DOC were significantly and negatively correlated with elevation. Fire effects on the forest floor and mineral soil indicated significantly increased PyC. SOC and TC in coniferous tree species are the most sensitive to fires, thereby altering important feedback relationships with the fire-vegetatale-climate system. Interestingly, latitude has a stronger influence on SOC than mean annual precipitation or elevation, indicating that variations in latitude play a significant role in regulating the amount of SOC in forest ecosystems. Overall, the results illustrated geographic variation in fire effects on soil C cycling underscores the need for region-specific fire management plans, and help us understand the responses of soil C cycling to fire in forest ecosystems, and facilitate decision-making to forest fire management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Honglin Li
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Huang
- CAS Key laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Lucash MS, Marshall AM, Weiss SA, McNabb JW, Nicolsky DJ, Flerchinger GN, Link TE, Vogel JG, Scheller RM, Abramoff RZ, Romanovsky VE. Burning trees in frozen soil: Simulating fire, vegetation, soil, and hydrology in the boreal forests of Alaska. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Gaboriau DM, Chaste É, Girardin MP, Asselin H, Ali AA, Bergeron Y, Hély C. Interactions within the climate-vegetation-fire nexus may transform 21st century boreal forests in northwestern Canada. iScience 2023; 26:106807. [PMID: 37255655 PMCID: PMC10225900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry and warm conditions have exacerbated the occurrence of large and severe wildfires over the past decade in Canada's Northwest Territories (NT). Although temperatures are expected to increase during the 21st century, we lack understanding of how the climate-vegetation-fire nexus might respond. We used a dynamic global vegetation model to project annual burn rates, as well as tree species composition and biomass in the NT during the 21st century using the IPCC's climate scenarios. Burn rates will decrease in most of the NT by the mid-21st century, concomitant with biomass loss of fire-prone evergreen needleleaf tree species, and biomass increase of broadleaf tree species. The southeastern NT is projected to experience enhanced fire activity by the late 21st century according to scenario RCP4.5, supported by a higher production of flammable evergreen needleleaf biomass. The results underlie the potential for major impacts of climate change on the NT's terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian M. Gaboriau
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QCJ9X 5E4, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QCH3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Émeline Chaste
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, SILVAE, 54000 Nancy, France
- Now at: CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin P. Girardin
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QCH3C 3P8, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 rue du PEPS, P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QCG1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Hugo Asselin
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QCH3C 3P8, Canada
- École d’études autochtones, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QCJ9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Adam A. Ali
- ISEM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 Boulevard de l’Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QCJ9X 5E4, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QCH3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Christelle Hély
- ISEM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL University, Paris, France
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9
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Rotbarth R, Van Nes EH, Scheffer M, Jepsen JU, Vindstad OPL, Xu C, Holmgren M. Northern expansion is not compensating for southern declines in North American boreal forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3373. [PMID: 37291123 PMCID: PMC10250320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to shift the boreal biome northward through expansion at the northern and contraction at the southern boundary respectively. However, biome-scale evidence of such a shift is rare. Here, we used remotely-sensed tree cover data to quantify temporal changes across the North American boreal biome from 2000 to 2019. We reveal a strong north-south asymmetry in tree cover change, coupled with a range shrinkage of tree cover distributions. We found no evidence for tree cover expansion in the northern biome, while tree cover increased markedly in the core of the biome range. By contrast, tree cover declined along the southern biome boundary, where losses were related largely to wildfires and timber logging. We show that these contrasting trends are structural indicators for a possible onset of a biome contraction which may lead to long-term carbon declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Rotbarth
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Egbert H Van Nes
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Uhd Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Tälle M, Öckinger E, Löfroth T, Pettersson LB, Smith HG, Stjernman M, Ranius T. Land sharing complements land sparing in the conservation of disturbance-dependent species. AMBIO 2023; 52:571-584. [PMID: 36565407 PMCID: PMC9849535 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of natural disturbances in human-modified landscapes has resulted in many disturbance-dependent species becoming rare. Conservation of such species requires efforts to maintain or recreate disturbance regimes. We compared benefits of confining efforts to habitats in protected areas (a form of land sparing) versus integrating them with general management of production land (a form of land sharing), using two examples: fire in forests and grazing in semi-natural grasslands. We reviewed empirical studies from the temperate northern hemisphere assessing effects of disturbances in protected and non-protected areas, and compiled information from organisations governing and implementing disturbances in Sweden. We found advantages with protection of areas related to temporal continuity and quality of disturbances, but the spatial extent of disturbances is higher on production land. This suggests that an approach where land sparing is complemented with land sharing will be most effective for preservation of disturbance-dependent species in forests and semi-natural grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tälle
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Löfroth
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Pettersson
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stjernman
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Lee J, Zhou X, Seo YO, Lee ST, Yun J, Yang Y, Kim J, Kang H. Effects of vegetation shift from needleleaf to broadleaf species on forest soil CO 2 emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158907. [PMID: 36150592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest soil harbors diverse microbial communities with decisive roles in ecosystem processes. Vegetation shift from needleleaf to broadleaf species is occurring across the globe due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, potentially change forest soil microbial communities and C cycle. However, our knowledge on the impact of such vegetation shift on soil microbial community and activities, and its consequences on forest soil C dynamics are still not well established. Here, we examined the seasonal variation of soil CO2 emission, soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), and soil bacterial, fungal communities in subtropical forest from broadleaf, needleleaf, and mixed stands. In addition, soil CO2 emission and soil EEAs were measured in temperate forest during the growing season. Soil organic matter (SOM) content significantly differs between broadleaf and needleleaf forests and primarily distinguish various soil chemical and microbial characteristics. Significantly higher EEAs and soil CO2 emission in broadleaf forest compared to needleleaf forest were observed both in subtropical and temperate forests. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota positively correlated with SOM and EEAs and indirectly increase soil CO2 emission whereas the relative abundance of Ascomycota exhibits opposite trend, suggesting that soil fungal communities play a key role in determining the different microbial activities between broadleaf and needleleaf stands. The temperature sensitivity of soil CO2 emission was significantly higher in broadleaf forest compared to needleleaf forest, further suggesting that the soil organic carbon in broadleaf forests is more vulnerable to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, China
| | - Yeon Ok Seo
- Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Tae Lee
- Lab of Silvicultural Practices and Management, National Institute of Forest Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Yun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerang Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Liu Y, Riley WJ, Keenan TF, Mekonnen ZA, Holm JA, Zhu Q, Torn MS. Dispersal and fire limit Arctic shrub expansion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3843. [PMID: 35788612 PMCID: PMC9253140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic shrub expansion alters carbon budgets, albedo, and warming rates in high latitudes but remains challenging to predict due to unclear underlying controls. Observational studies and models typically use relationships between observed shrub presence and current environmental suitability (bioclimate and topography) to predict shrub expansion, while omitting shrub demographic processes and non-stationary response to changing climate. Here, we use high-resolution satellite imagery across Alaska and western Canada to show that observed shrub expansion has not been controlled by environmental suitability during 1984-2014, but can only be explained by considering seed dispersal and fire. These findings provide the impetus for better observations of recruitment and for incorporating currently underrepresented processes of seed dispersal and fire in land models to project shrub expansion and climate feedbacks. Integrating these dynamic processes with projected fire extent and climate, we estimate shrubs will expand into 25% of the non-shrub tundra by 2100, in contrast to 39% predicted based on increasing environmental suitability alone. Thus, using environmental suitability alone likely overestimates and misrepresents shrub expansion pattern and its associated carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Liu
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Holm
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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13
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Shabaga JA, Bracho R, Klockow PA, Lucash MS, Vogel JG. Shortened Fire Intervals Stimulate Carbon Losses from Heterotrophic Respiration and Reduce Understorey Plant Productivity in Boreal Forests. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFire frequency is increasing with climate warming in the boreal regions of interior Alaska, with short fire return intervals (< 50 years) becoming more common. Recent studies suggest these “reburns” will reduce the insulating surface organic layer (SOL) and seedbanks, inhibiting black spruce regeneration and increasing deciduous cover. These changes are projected to amplify soil warming, increasing mineral soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition rates, and impair re-establishment of understorey vegetation and the SOL. We examined how reburns changed soil temperature, heterotrophic soil respiration (RH), and understorey gross primary production (GPP), and related these to shifts in vegetation composition and SOL depths. Two distinct burn complexes previously covered by spruce were measured; both included areas burned 1x, 2x, and 3x over 60 years and mature (≈ 90 year old) spruce forests underlain by permafrost. A 2.7 °C increase in annual near-surface soil temperatures from 1x to 3x burns was correlated with a decrease in SOL depths and a 1.9 Mg C ha−1 increase in annual RH efflux. However, near-surface soil warming accounted for ≤ 23% of higher RH efflux; increases in deciduous overstorey vegetation and root biomass with reburning better correlated with RH than soil temperature. Reburning also warmed deeper soils and reduced the biomass and GPP of understory plants, lessening their potential to offset elevated RH and contribute to SOL development. This suggests that reburning led to losses of mineral SOC previously stored in permafrost due to warming soils and changes in vegetation composition, illustrating how burn frequency creates pathways for accelerated regional C loss.
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14
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Phillips CA, Rogers BM, Elder M, Cooperdock S, Moubarak M, Randerson JT, Frumhoff PC. Escalating carbon emissions from North American boreal forest wildfires and the climate mitigation potential of fire management. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7161. [PMID: 35476444 PMCID: PMC9045718 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires in boreal forests release large quantities of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change. Here, we characterize the magnitude of recent and projected gross and net boreal North American wildfire carbon dioxide emissions, evaluate fire management as an emissions reduction strategy, and quantify the associated costs. Our results show that wildfires in boreal North America could, by mid-century, contribute to a cumulative net source of nearly 12 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, about 3% of remaining global carbon dioxide emissions associated with keeping temperatures within the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C limit. With observations from Alaska, we show that current fire management practices limit the burned area. Further, the costs of avoiding carbon dioxide emissions by means of increasing investment in fire management are comparable to or lower than those of other mitigation strategies. Together, our findings highlight the climate risk that boreal wildfires pose and point to fire management as a cost-effective way to limit emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Phillips
- Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | | | - Molly Elder
- Fletcher School, Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
| | | | | | - James T. Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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15
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Karatassiou M, Parissi ZM, Panajiotidis S, Stergiou A. Impact of Grazing on Diversity of Semi-Arid Rangelands in Crete Island in the Context of Climatic Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:982. [PMID: 35406961 PMCID: PMC9003301 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rangelands of Crete island (Greece) are typical Mediterranean habitats under high risk of degradation due to long-term grazing and harsh climatic conditions. We explored the effect of abiotic (climatic conditions, altitude) and biotic factors (long-term grazing by small ruminants) on the floristic composition and diversity of selected lowland (Pyrathi, Faistos) and highland (Vroulidia, Nida) rangelands. In each rangeland, the ground cover was measured, and the floristic composition was calculated in terms of five functional groups: grasses, legumes, forbs, phrygana, and shrubs. The aridity index, species turnover, species richness, Shannon entropy, and Gini-Simpson index (with the latter two converted to the effective number of species) were calculated. Our results reveal that highlands are characterized by the highest aridity index (wetter conditions). Lowland rangelands, compared to highland, exhibited a higher percentage contribution of grasses, legumes, and forbs, while species turnover decreased along the altitudinal gradient. The Shannon entropy index was correlated (a) positively with Gini-Simpson and mean annual temperature and (b) negatively with mean annual precipitation, aridity index, and altitude. Moreover, the Gini-Simpson index correlated positively with mean annual temperature and negatively with altitude. Our results could help to understand the effects of grazing on rangeland dynamics and sustainability in semi-arid regions in the context of climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karatassiou
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecology, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 286, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Zoi M. Parissi
- Laboratory of Range Science, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 236, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sampson Panajiotidis
- Laboratory of Forest Botany—Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 270, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Afroditi Stergiou
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecology, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 286, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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16
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Anderegg LDL, Griffith DM, Cavender-Bares J, Riley WJ, Berry JA, Dawson TE, Still CJ. Representing plant diversity in land models: An evolutionary approach to make "Functional Types" more functional. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2541-2554. [PMID: 34964527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, and their structural and functional traits have profound impacts on local and global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, and hydrology. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects of humans on the coupled biosphere-atmosphere system, simplify the incredible diversity of land plants into a handful of coarse categories of "Plant Functional Types" (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion of more realistic functional diversity is a recognized goal for ESMs, yet there is currently no consistent, widely accepted way to add diversity to models, that is, to determine what new PFTs to add and with what data to constrain their parameters. We review approaches to representing plant diversity in ESMs and draw on recent ecological and evolutionary findings to present an evolution-based functional type approach for further disaggregating functional diversity. Specifically, the prevalence of niche conservatism, or the tendency of closely related taxa to retain similar ecological and functional attributes through evolutionary time, reveals that evolutionary relatedness is a powerful framework for summarizing functional similarities and differences among plant types. We advocate that Plant Functional Types based on dominant evolutionary lineages ("Lineage Functional Types") will provide an ecologically defensible, tractable, and scalable framework for representing plant diversity in next-generation ESMs, with the potential to improve parameterization, process representation, and model benchmarking. We highlight how the importance of evolutionary history for plant function can unify the work of disparate fields to improve predictive modeling of the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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17
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Guidelines for Publicly Archiving Terrestrial Model Data to Enhance Usability, Intercomparison, and Synthesis. DATA SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/dsj-2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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18
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Hough M, McCabe S, Vining SR, Pickering Pedersen E, Wilson RM, Lawrence R, Chang K, Bohrer G, Riley WJ, Crill PM, Varner RK, Blazewicz SJ, Dorrepaal E, Tfaily MM, Saleska SR, Rich VI. Coupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:950-968. [PMID: 34727401 PMCID: PMC9298822 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ). This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity (NPP) caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO2 , and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates. Predicting decomposition rates based on litter quality remains challenging, but a promising new way forward is to incorporate measures of the energetic favorability to soil microbes of plant biomass decomposition. We asked how the variation in one such measure, the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), interacts with changing quantities of plant material inputs to influence the net C balance of a thawing permafrost peatland. We found: (1) Plant productivity (NPP) increased post-thaw, but instead of contributing to increased standing biomass, it increased plant biomass turnover via increased litter inputs to soil; (2) Plant litter thermodynamic favorability (NOSC) and decomposition rate both increased post-thaw, despite limited changes in bulk C:N ratios; (3) these increases caused the higher NPP to cycle more rapidly through both plants and soil, contributing to higher CO2 and CH4 fluxes from decomposition. Thus, the increased C-storage expected from higher productivity was limited and the high global warming potential of CH4 contributed a net positive warming effect. Although post-thaw peatlands are currently C sinks due to high NPP offsetting high CO2 release, this status is very sensitive to the plant community's litter input rate and quality. Integration of novel bioavailability metrics based on litter chemistry, including NOSC, into studies of ecosystem dynamics, is needed to improve the understanding of controls on arctic C stocks under continued ecosystem transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Hough
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Samantha McCabe
- Environmental Sciences Graduate ProgramThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - S. Rose Vining
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Emily Pickering Pedersen
- Department of BiologyTerrestrial EcologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rachel M. Wilson
- Florida State UniversityEarth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Ryan Lawrence
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | - Kuang‐Yu Chang
- Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryClimate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Civil Environmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - William J. Riley
- Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryClimate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | | | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre—Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Malak M. Tfaily
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Microbiology DepartmentThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Center of Microbiome ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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19
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Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024872118. [PMID: 34697246 PMCID: PMC8609439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024872118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black spruce is the dominant tree species in boreal North America and has shaped forest flammability, carbon storage, and other landscape processes over the last several thousand years. However, climate warming and increases in wildfire activity may be undermining its ability to maintain dominance, shifting forests toward alternative forested and nonforested states. Using data from across North America, we evaluate whether loss of black spruce resilience is already widespread. Resilience was the most common outcome, but drier climatic conditions and more severe fires consistently undermine resilience, often resulting in complete regeneration failure. Although black spruce forests are currently moderately resilient, ongoing warming and drying may alter this trajectory, with large potential consequences for the functioning of this globally important biome. Intensifying wildfire activity and climate change can drive rapid forest compositional shifts. In boreal North America, black spruce shapes forest flammability and depends on fire for regeneration. This relationship has helped black spruce maintain its dominance through much of the Holocene. However, with climate change and more frequent and severe fires, shifts away from black spruce dominance to broadleaf or pine species are emerging, with implications for ecosystem functions including carbon sequestration, water and energy fluxes, and wildlife habitat. Here, we predict that such reductions in black spruce after fire may already be widespread given current trends in climate and fire. To test this, we synthesize data from 1,538 field sites across boreal North America to evaluate compositional changes in tree species following 58 recent fires (1989 to 2014). While black spruce was resilient following most fires (62%), loss of resilience was common, and spruce regeneration failed completely in 18% of 1,140 black spruce sites. In contrast, postfire regeneration never failed in forests dominated by jack pine, which also possesses an aerial seed bank, or broad-leaved trees. More complete combustion of the soil organic layer, which often occurs in better-drained landscape positions and in dryer duff, promoted compositional changes throughout boreal North America. Forests in western North America, however, were more vulnerable to change due to greater long-term climate moisture deficits. While we find considerable remaining resilience in black spruce forests, predicted increases in climate moisture deficits and fire activity will erode this resilience, pushing the system toward a tipping point that has not been crossed in several thousand years.
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20
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Kharuk VI, Ponomarev EI, Ivanova GA, Dvinskaya ML, Coogan SCP, Flannigan MD. Wildfires in the Siberian taiga. AMBIO 2021; 50:1953-1974. [PMID: 33512668 PMCID: PMC8497666 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of area burned by wildfire are located in Siberia. Mainly low-intensity surface fires occur in larch forests, whereas in evergreen forests both surface and crown fires are observed. Warming has led to an increase in the frequency and area of wildfires that have reached the Arctic Ocean shore. However, wildfires are the most important factor in taiga dynamics; larch and Scots pine have evolved under conditions of periodic forest fires, thereby gaining a competitive advantage over non-fire adapted species; in the permafrost zone, periodic fires are a prerequisite for the dominance of larch. Wildfires support ecosystem health, biodiversity, and conservation; periodic wildfires decrease the danger of catastrophic wildfires. With an amplified rate of increase in fires, it is necessary to focus fire suppression on areas of high social, natural, and economic value, while allowing a greater number of wildfires to burn in the vast Siberian forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav I. Kharuk
- Sukachev Institute of Forests, Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny str.79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
| | - Evgenii I. Ponomarev
- Sukachev Institute of Forests, Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny str.79, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660041
| | - Galina A. Ivanova
- Sukachev Institute of Forests, Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
| | - Maria L. Dvinskaya
- Sukachev Institute of Forests, Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Academgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 660036
| | - Sean C. P. Coogan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Mike D. Flannigan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1 Canada
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21
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COS-derived GPP relationships with temperature and light help explain high-latitude atmospheric CO 2 seasonal cycle amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103423118. [PMID: 34380737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103423118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Arctic and Boreal region (ABR) where warming is especially pronounced, the increase of gross primary production (GPP) has been suggested as an important driver for the increase of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA). However, the role of GPP relative to changes in ecosystem respiration (ER) remains unclear, largely due to our inability to quantify these gross fluxes on regional scales. Here, we use atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements to provide observation-based estimates of GPP over the North American ABR. Our annual GPP estimate is 3.6 (2.4 to 5.5) PgC · y-1 between 2009 and 2013, the uncertainty of which is smaller than the range of GPP estimated from terrestrial ecosystem models (1.5 to 9.8 PgC · y-1). Our COS-derived monthly GPP shows significant correlations in space and time with satellite-based GPP proxies, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation. Furthermore, the derived monthly GPP displays two different linear relationships with soil temperature in spring versus autumn, whereas the relationship between monthly ER and soil temperature is best described by a single quadratic relationship throughout the year. In spring to midsummer, when GPP is most strongly correlated with soil temperature, our results suggest the warming-induced increases of GPP likely exceeded the increases of ER over the past four decades. In autumn, however, increases of ER were likely greater than GPP due to light limitations on GPP, thereby enhancing autumn net carbon emissions. Both effects have likely contributed to the atmospheric CO2 SCA amplification observed in the ABR.
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22
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Hisano M, Ryo M, Chen X, Chen HYH. Rapid functional shifts across high latitude forests over the last 65 years. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3846-3858. [PMID: 33993581 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental changes have strongly affected forest demographic rates, particularly amplified tree mortality in high latitude forests (e.g., two to five times greater mortality probability over the half-century). Although forest functional composition is critical for multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, it remains unclear how functional composition has changed over time across large high latitude regions, which have been warming twice the rate of the globe as a whole. Using extensive spatial and long-term forest inventory data (17,107 plots monitored 1951-2016) across Canada, we found that after accounting for stand age-dependent functional shifts, functional composition shifted toward fast-growing deciduous broadleaved trees and higher drought tolerance over time. The temporal shift toward deciduous broadleaved trees was consistent across the baseline climate. However, over the study period, drought tolerance increased (or shade tolerance decreased) by 300% in colder boreal regions, while drought tolerance did not shift significantly in warmer temperate climates. A further analysis accounting for temporal changes in atmospheric CO2 , temperature, and water availability indicated that the functional composition of colder regions shifted toward drought tolerance more rapidly with rising CO2 than warmer regions, suggesting the greater vulnerability of boreal forests than temperate forests under ongoing global environmental changes. Future ecosystem management practices should consider spatial differences in functional responses to global environmental change, focusing on high latitude forests experiencing higher rates of warming and compositional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hisano
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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23
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Ibáñez TS, Wardle DA, Gundale MJ, Nilsson MC. Effects of Soil Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Tree Seedling Regeneration Following a Boreal Forest Wildfire. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWildfire disturbance is important for tree regeneration in boreal ecosystems. A considerable amount of literature has been published on how wildfires affect boreal forest regeneration. However, we lack understanding about how soil-mediated effects of fire disturbance on seedlings occur via soil abiotic properties versus soil biota. We collected soil from stands with three different severities of burning (high, low and unburned) and conducted two greenhouse experiments to explore how seedlings of tree species (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) performed in live soils and in sterilized soil inoculated by live soil from each of the three burning severities. Seedlings grown in live soil grew best in unburned soil. When sterilized soils were reinoculated with live soil, seedlings of P. abies and P. sylvestris grew better in soil from low burn severity stands than soil from either high severity or unburned stands, demonstrating that fire disturbance may favor post-fire regeneration of conifers in part due to the presence of soil biota that persists when fire severity is low or recovers quickly post-fire. Betula pendula did not respond to soil biota and was instead driven by changes in abiotic soil properties following fire. Our study provides strong evidence that high fire severity creates soil conditions that are adverse for seedling regeneration, but that low burn severity promotes soil biota that stimulates growth and potential regeneration of conifers. It also shows that species-specific responses to abiotic and biotic soil characteristics are altered by variation in fire severity. This has important implications for tree regeneration because it points to the role of plant–soil–microbial feedbacks in promoting successful establishment, and potentially successional trajectories and species dominance in boreal forests in the future as fire regimes become increasingly severe through climate change.
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Boyd MA, Berner LT, Foster AC, Goetz SJ, Rogers BM, Walker XJ, Mack MC. Historic declines in growth portend trembling aspen death during a contemporary leaf miner outbreak in Alaska. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Boyd
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Logan T. Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Adrianna C. Foster
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Scott J. Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Brendan M. Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth Massachusetts02540‐1644USA
| | - Xanthe J. Walker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
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25
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Scholten RC, Jandt R, Miller EA, Rogers BM, Veraverbeke S. Overwintering fires in boreal forests. Nature 2021; 593:399-404. [PMID: 34012083 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Forest fires are usually viewed within the context of a single fire season, in which weather conditions and fuel supply can combine to create conditions favourable for fire ignition-usually by lightning or human activity-and spread1-3. But some fires exhibit 'overwintering' behaviour, in which they smoulder through the non-fire season and flare up in the subsequent spring4,5. In boreal (northern) forests, deep organic soils favourable for smouldering6, along with accelerated climate warming7, may present unusually favourable conditions for overwintering. However, the extent of overwintering in boreal forests and the underlying factors influencing this behaviour remain unclear. Here we show that overwintering fires in boreal forests are associated with hot summers generating large fire years and deep burning into organic soils, conditions that have become more frequent in our study areas in recent decades. Our results are based on an algorithm with which we detect overwintering fires in Alaska, USA, and the Northwest Territories, Canada, using field and remote sensing datasets. Between 2002 and 2018, overwintering fires were responsible for 0.8 per cent of the total burned area; however, in one year this amounted to 38 per cent. The spatiotemporal predictability of overwintering fires could be used by fire management agencies to facilitate early detection, which may result in reduced carbon emissions and firefighting costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Scholten
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Randi Jandt
- Alaska Fire Science Consortium, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Eric A Miller
- Bureau of Land Management, Alaska Fire Service, Fort Wainwright, AK, USA
| | | | - Sander Veraverbeke
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mack MC, Walker XJ, Johnstone JF, Alexander HD, Melvin AM, Jean M, Miller SN. Carbon loss from boreal forest wildfires offset by increased dominance of deciduous trees. Science 2021; 372:280-283. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In boreal forests, climate warming is shifting the wildfire disturbance regime to more frequent fires that burn more deeply into organic soils, releasing sequestered carbon to the atmosphere. To understand the destabilization of carbon storage, it is necessary to consider these effects in the context of long-term ecological change. In Alaskan boreal forests, we found that shifts in dominant plant species catalyzed by severe fire compensated for greater combustion of soil carbon over decadal time scales. Severe burning of organic soils shifted tree dominance from slow-growing black spruce to fast-growing deciduous broadleaf trees, resulting in a net increase in carbon storage by a factor of 5 over the disturbance cycle. Reduced fire activity in future deciduous-dominated boreal forests could increase the tenure of this carbon on the landscape, thereby mitigating the feedback to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xanthe J. Walker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5E2, Canada
| | - Jill F. Johnstone
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5E2, Canada
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99700, USA
- School of Science, Yukon University, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Heather D. Alexander
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - April M. Melvin
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Mélanie Jean
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5E2, Canada
- Departement de Biologie, Universite de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Miller
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
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Zhao Q, Mäkinen M, Haapala A, Jänis J. Valorization of Bark from Short Rotation Trees by Temperature-Programmed Slow Pyrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9771-9779. [PMID: 33869957 PMCID: PMC8047738 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tree bark represents an abundant but currently underutilized forest biomass side stream. In this work, temperature-programmed slow pyrolysis with fractional condensation was used for thermochemical conversion of the bark obtained from three short rotation tree species, aspen, goat willow, and rowan. Heating was performed in three stages, drying (135 °C), torrefaction (275 °C), and pyrolysis (350 °C), and the resulting vapors were condensed at 120, 70, and 5 °C, producing nine liquid fractions. An additional fraction was collected in the pyrolysis stage at 0 °C. The obtained liquid fractions were characterized in terms of their yields and bulk chemistry (i.e., CHNOS content, water content, pH, and total acid number) as well as their molecular level chemistry by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The highest liquid yields were obtained for the fractions condensed at 70 °C. The water content varied considerably, being the highest for the drying fractions (>96%) and the lowest for the pyrolysis fractions obtained at 120 °C (0.1-2%). Considerable compositional differences were observed between the liquid fractions. While the drying fractions contained mostly some dissolved phenolics, the torrefaction fractions contained more sugaric compounds. In contrast, the pyrolysis fractions were enriched lipids (e.g., suberinic fatty acids and their derivatives) and alicyclic/aromatic hydrocarbons. These fractions could be further refined into different platforms and/or specialty chemicals. Thus, slow pyrolysis with fractional condensation offers a potential route for the valorization of tree bark residues from forest industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
- School
of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern
Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
| | - Marko Mäkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
| | - Antti Haapala
- School
of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern
Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80100, Finland
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Maavara T, Siirila-Woodburn ER, Maina F, Maxwell RM, Sample JE, Chadwick KD, Carroll R, Newcomer ME, Dong W, Williams KH, Steefel CI, Bouskill NJ. Modeling geogenic and atmospheric nitrogen through the East River Watershed, Colorado Rocky Mountains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247907. [PMID: 33760812 PMCID: PMC7990236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing understanding of the role that bedrock weathering can play as a source of nitrogen (N) to soils, groundwater and river systems. The significance is particularly apparent in mountainous environments where weathering fluxes can be large. However, our understanding of the relative contributions of rock-derived, or geogenic, N to the total N supply of mountainous watersheds remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop the High-Altitude Nitrogen Suite of Models (HAN-SoMo), a watershed-scale ensemble of process-based models to quantify the relative sources, transformations, and sinks of geogenic and atmospheric N through a mountain watershed. Our study is based in the East River Watershed (ERW) in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The East River is a near-pristine headwater watershed underlain primarily by an N-rich Mancos Shale bedrock, enabling the timing and magnitude of geogenic and atmospheric contributions to watershed scale dissolved N-exports to be quantified. Several calibration scenarios were developed to explore equifinality using >1600 N concentration measurements from streams, groundwater, and vadose zone samples collected over the course of four years across the watershed. When accounting for recycling of N through plant litter turnover, rock weathering accounts for approximately 12% of the annual dissolved N sources to the watershed in the most probable calibration scenario (0-31% in other scenarios), and 21% (0-44% in other scenarios) when considering only "new" N sources (i.e. geogenic and atmospheric). On an annual scale, instream dissolved N elimination, plant turnover (including cattle grazing) and atmospheric deposition are the most important controls on N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Maavara
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Fadji Maina
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Reed M. Maxwell
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - James E. Sample
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Grimstad, Norway
| | - K. Dana Chadwick
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Carroll
- Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. Newcomer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Wenming Dong
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Williams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, United States of America
| | - Carl I. Steefel
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Bouskill
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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Heim RJ, Bucharova A, Brodt L, Kamp J, Rieker D, Soromotin AV, Yurtaev A, Hölzel N. Post-fire vegetation succession in the Siberian subarctic tundra over 45 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143425. [PMID: 33172629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are relatively rare in subarctic tundra ecosystems, but they can strongly change ecosystem properties. Short-term fire effects on subarctic tundra vegetation are well documented, but long-term vegetation recovery has been studied less. The frequency of tundra fires will increase with climate warming. Understanding the long-term effects of fire is necessary to predict future ecosystem changes. We used a space-for-time approach to assess vegetation recovery after fire over more than four decades. We studied soil and vegetation patterns on three large fire scars (>44, 28 and 12 years old) in dry, lichen-dominated forest tundra in Western Siberia. On 60 plots, we determined soil temperature and permafrost thaw depth, sampled vegetation and measured plant functional traits. We assessed trends in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the field-based results on vegetation recovery. Soil temperature, permafrost thaw depth and total vegetation cover had recovered to pre-fire levels after >44 years, as well as total vegetation cover. In contrast, after >44 years, functional groups had not recovered to the pre-fire state. Burnt areas had lower lichen and higher bryophyte and shrub cover. The dominating shrub species, Betula nana, exhibited a higher vitality (higher specific leaf area and plant height) on burnt compared with control plots, suggesting a fire legacy effect in shrub growth. Our results confirm patterns of shrub encroachment after fire that were detected before in other parts of the Arctic and Subarctic. In the so far poorly studied Western Siberian forest tundra we demonstrate for the first time, long-term fire-legacies on the functional composition of relatively dry shrub- and lichen-dominated vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona J Heim
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leya Brodt
- Research Institute of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Johannes Kamp
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Bürgerstr. 50, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Rieker
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrey V Soromotin
- Research Institute of Ecology and Natural Resources Management, Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Andrey Yurtaev
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
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30
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Chen Y, Hu FS, Lara MJ. Divergent shrub-cover responses driven by climate, wildfire, and permafrost interactions in Arctic tundra ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:652-663. [PMID: 33216446 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of shrubs across the Arctic tundra may fundamentally modify land-atmosphere interactions. However, it remains unclear how shrub expansion pattern is linked with key environmental drivers, such as climate change and fire disturbance. Here we used 40+ years of high-resolution (~1.0 m) aerial and satellite imagery to estimate shrub-cover change in 114 study sites across four burned and unburned upland (ice-poor) and lowland (ice-rich) tundra ecosystems in northern Alaska. Validated with data from four additional upland and lowland tundra fires, our results reveal that summer precipitation was the most important climatic driver (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), responsible for 30.8% of shrub expansion in the upland tundra between 1971 and 2016. Shrub expansion in the uplands was largely enhanced by wildfire (p < 0.001) and it exhibited positive correlation with fire severity (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). Three decades after fire disturbance, the upland shrub cover increased by 1077.2 ± 83.6 m2 ha-1 , ~7 times the amount identified in adjacent unburned upland tundra (155.1 ± 55.4 m2 ha-1 ). In contrast, shrub cover markedly decreased in lowland tundra after fire disturbance, which triggered thermokarst-associated water impounding and resulted in 52.4% loss of shrub cover over three decades. No correlation was found between lowland shrub cover with fire severity (r = 0.01). Mean summer air temperature (MSAT) was the principal factor driving lowland shrub-cover dynamics between 1951 and 2007. Warmer MSAT facilitated shrub expansion in unburned lowlands (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), but accelerated shrub-cover losses in burned lowlands (r = -0.82, p < 0.001). These results highlight divergent pathways of shrub-cover responses to fire disturbance and climate change, depending on near-surface permafrost and drainage conditions. Our study offers new insights into the land-atmosphere interactions as climate warming and burning intensify in high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Feng Sheng Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Lara
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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31
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Qaseem MF, Wu AM. Balanced Xylan Acetylation is the Key Regulator of Plant Growth and Development, and Cell Wall Structure and for Industrial Utilization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217875. [PMID: 33114198 PMCID: PMC7660596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose, constitutes about 25–35% of the dry biomass of woody and lignified tissues, and occurs up to 50% in some cereal grains. The accurate degree and position of xylan acetylation is necessary for xylan function and for plant growth and development. The post synthetic acetylation of cell wall xylan, mainly regulated by Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA), Trichome Birefringence-Like (TBL), and Altered Xyloglucan 9 (AXY9) genes, is essential for effective bonding of xylan with cellulose. Recent studies have proven that not only xylan acetylation but also its deacetylation is vital for various plant functions. Thus, the present review focuses on the latest advances in understanding xylan acetylation and deacetylation and explores their effects on plant growth and development. Baseline knowledge about precise regulation of xylan acetylation and deacetylation is pivotal to developing plant biomass better suited for second-generation liquid biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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32
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Griffith DM, Osborne CP, Edwards EJ, Bachle S, Beerling DJ, Bond WJ, Gallaher TJ, Helliker BR, Lehmann CER, Leatherman L, Nippert JB, Pau S, Qiu F, Riley WJ, Smith MD, Strömberg CAE, Taylor L, Ungerer M, Still CJ. Lineage-based functional types: characterising functional diversity to enhance the representation of ecological behaviour in Land Surface Models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:15-23. [PMID: 33448428 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Process-based vegetation models attempt to represent the wide range of trait variation in biomes by grouping ecologically similar species into plant functional types (PFTs). This approach has been successful in representing many aspects of plant physiology and biophysics but struggles to capture biogeographic history and ecological dynamics that determine biome boundaries and plant distributions. Grass-dominated ecosystems are broadly distributed across all vegetated continents and harbour large functional diversity, yet most Land Surface Models (LSMs) summarise grasses into two generic PFTs based primarily on differences between temperate C3 grasses and (sub)tropical C4 grasses. Incorporation of species-level trait variation is an active area of research to enhance the ecological realism of PFTs, which form the basis for vegetation processes and dynamics in LSMs. Using reported measurements, we developed grass functional trait values (physiological, structural, biochemical, anatomical, phenological, and disturbance-related) of dominant lineages to improve LSM representations. Our method is fundamentally different from previous efforts, as it uses phylogenetic relatedness to create lineage-based functional types (LFTs), situated between species-level trait data and PFT-level abstractions, thus providing a realistic representation of functional diversity and opening the door to the development of new vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Griffith
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seton Bachle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - William J Bond
- South African Environmental Observation Network, National Research Foundation, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Timothy J Gallaher
- Department of Biology and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98915, USA
- Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA
| | - Brent R Helliker
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19401, USA
| | | | - Lila Leatherman
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jesse B Nippert
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32303, USA
| | - Fan Qiu
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Caroline A E Strömberg
- Department of Biology and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98915, USA
| | - Lyla Taylor
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark Ungerer
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Christopher J Still
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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33
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Dewhirst RA, Mortimer JC, Jardine KJ. Do Cell Wall Esters Facilitate Forest Response to Climate? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:729-732. [PMID: 32600937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystem dynamics are strongly modified by stresses associated with climate change, impacting plant growth and development, mortality, and ecological succession. Here we highlight the potential role of plant cell wall esters to link changes in cell wall structure and function with biosphere-atmosphere fluxes of methanol, acetic acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dewhirst
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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34
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Cadieux P, Boulanger Y, Cyr D, Taylor AR, Price DT, Sólymos P, Stralberg D, Chen HY, Brecka A, Tremblay JA. Projected effects of climate change on boreal bird community accentuated by anthropogenic disturbances in western boreal forest, Canada. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Cadieux
- Sciences et Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Québec QC Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Québec QC Canada
| | - Dominic Cyr
- Sciences et Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Gatineau QC Canada
| | - Anthony R. Taylor
- Atlantic Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Fredericton NB Canada
| | - David T. Price
- Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Péter Sólymos
- Department of Biological Sciences Biological Sciences Building Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
- Boreal Avian Modelling Project Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Diana Stralberg
- Boreal Avian Modelling Project Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Han Y.H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
- Key Laboratory for Humid Sub‐tropical Eco‐geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education Institute of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Aaron Brecka
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | - Junior A. Tremblay
- Sciences et Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Québec QC Canada
- Boreal Avian Modelling Project Edmonton AB Canada
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Cianconi P, Betrò S, Janiri L. The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:74. [PMID: 32210846 PMCID: PMC7068211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time. The consequences of climate change on exposed biological subjects, as well as on vulnerable societies, are a concern for the entire scientific community. Rising temperatures, heat waves, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, fires, loss of forest, and glaciers, along with disappearance of rivers and desertification, can directly and indirectly cause human pathologies that are physical and mental. However, there is a clear lack in psychiatric studies on mental disorders linked to climate change. METHODS Literature available on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library until end of June 2019 were reviewed. The total number of articles and association reports was 445. From these, 163 were selected. We looked for the association between classical psychiatric disorders such as anxiety schizophrenia, mood disorder and depression, suicide, aggressive behaviors, despair for the loss of usual landscape, and phenomena related to climate change and extreme weather. Review of literature was then divided into specific areas: the course of change in mental health, temperature, water, air pollution, drought, as well as the exposure of certain groups and critical psychological adaptations. RESULTS Climate change has an impact on a large part of the population, in different geographical areas and with different types of threats to public health. However, the delay in studies on climate change and mental health consequences is an important aspect. Lack of literature is perhaps due to the complexity and novelty of this issue. It has been shown that climate change acts on mental health with different timing. The phenomenology of the effects of climate change differs greatly-some mental disorders are common and others more specific in relation to atypical climatic conditions. Moreover, climate change also affects different population groups who are directly exposed and more vulnerable in their geographical conditions, as well as a lack of access to resources, information, and protection. Perhaps it is also worth underlining that in some papers the connection between climatic events and mental disorders was described through the introduction of new terms, coined only recently: ecoanxiety, ecoguilt, ecopsychology, ecological grief, solastalgia, biospheric concern, etc. CONCLUSIONS The effects of climate change can be direct or indirect, short-term or long-term. Acute events can act through mechanisms similar to that of traumatic stress, leading to well-understood psychopathological patterns. In addition, the consequences of exposure to extreme or prolonged weather-related events can also be delayed, encompassing disorders such as posttraumatic stress, or even transmitted to later generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cianconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Foster AC, Armstrong AH, Shuman JK, Shugart HH, Rogers BM, Mack MC, Goetz SJ, Ranson KJ. Importance of tree- and species-level interactions with wildfire, climate, and soils in interior Alaska: Implications for forest change under a warming climate. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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