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Bhushan V, Nita-Lazar A. Recent Advancements in Subcellular Proteomics: Growing Impact of Organellar Protein Niches on the Understanding of Cell Biology. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2700-2722. [PMID: 38451675 PMCID: PMC11296931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cell is a complex entity, with membrane-bound and membrane-less organelles playing vital roles in regulating cellular homeostasis. Organellar protein niches drive discrete biological processes and cell functions, thus maintaining cell equilibrium. Cellular processes such as signaling, growth, proliferation, motility, and programmed cell death require dynamic protein movements between cell compartments. Aberrant protein localization is associated with a wide range of diseases. Therefore, analyzing the subcellular proteome of the cell can provide a comprehensive overview of cellular biology. With recent advancements in mass spectrometry, imaging technology, computational tools, and deep machine learning algorithms, studies pertaining to subcellular protein localization and their dynamic distributions are gaining momentum. These studies reveal changing interaction networks because of "moonlighting proteins" and serve as a discovery tool for disease network mechanisms. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive repository for recent advancements in subcellular proteomics subcontexting methods, challenges, and future perspectives for method developers. In summary, subcellular proteomics is crucial to the understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms and the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Bhushan
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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2
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Hilgendorf KI, Myers BR, Reiter JF. Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:555-573. [PMID: 38366037 PMCID: PMC11199107 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, immotile sensory organelles present on most cells in the body that participate broadly in human health, physiology and disease. Cilia generate a unique environment for signal transduction with tight control of protein, lipid and second messenger concentrations within a relatively small compartment, enabling reception, transmission and integration of biological information. In this Review, we discuss how cilia function as signalling hubs in cell-cell communication using three signalling pathways as examples: ciliary G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway and polycystin ion channels. We review how defects in these ciliary signalling pathways lead to a heterogeneous group of conditions known as 'ciliopathies', including metabolic syndromes, birth defects and polycystic kidney disease. Emerging understanding of these pathways' transduction mechanisms reveals common themes between these cilia-based signalling pathways that may apply to other pathways as well. These mechanistic insights reveal how cilia orchestrate normal and pathophysiological signalling outputs broadly throughout human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren I Hilgendorf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Myers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Fitzpatrick M, Szalanczy A, Beeson A, Vora A, Scott C, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Der N, Chen R, Geurts AM, Woods LCS. Protein-coding mutation in Adcy3 increases adiposity and alters emotional behaviors sex-dependently in rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.16.598846. [PMID: 38916175 PMCID: PMC11195162 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.16.598846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective Adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) has been linked to both obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD). Our lab identified a protein-coding variant in the 2nd transmembrane (TM) helix of Adcy3 in rats, and similar obesity variants have been identified in humans. The current study investigates the role of a TM variant in adiposity and behavior. Methods We used CRISPR-SpCas9 to mutate the TM domain of Adcy3 in WKY rats (Adcy3mut/mut). We also created a heterozygous knockout rat in the same strain (Adcy3+/-). Wild-type (WT), Adcy3+/-, and Adcy3mut/mut rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. We measured body weight, fat mass, glucose tolerance, food intake, metabolism, emotion-like behaviors, and memory. Results Adcy3+/- and Adcy3mut/mut rats weighed more than WT rats due to increased fat mass. There were key sex differences: adiposity was driven by increased food intake in males but by decreased energy expenditure in females. Adcy3mut/mut males displayed increased passive coping and decreased memory while Adcy3mut/mut females displayed increased anxiety-like behavior. Conclusions These studies show that the ADCY3 TM domain plays a role in protein function, that Adcy3 may contribute to the relationship between obesity and MDD, and that sex influences the relationships between Adcy3, metabolism, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Alexandria Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Angela Beeson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Anusha Vora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Christina Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Nataley Der
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC, USA
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4
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Lan Q, Li J, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Fang Y, Yang B. Mechanistic complement of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: the role of aquaporins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:773-785. [PMID: 38668786 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a genetic kidney disease caused by mutations in the genes PKD1 or PKD2. Its course is characterized by the formation of progressively enlarged cysts in the renal tubules bilaterally. The basic genetic explanation for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the double-hit theory, and many of its mechanistic issues can be explained by the cilia doctrine. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underpinning this condition's occurrence are still not completely understood. Experimental evidence suggests that aquaporins, a class of transmembrane channel proteins, including aquaporin-1, aquaporin-2, aquaporin-3, and aquaporin-11, are involved in the mechanism of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Aquaporins are either a potential new target for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and further study into the physiopathological role of aquaporins in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease will assist to clarify the disease's pathophysiology and increase the pool of potential treatment options. We primarily cover pertinent findings on aquaporins in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jie Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yaxuan Fang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Bo Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.88, Changling Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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5
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Fagan RR, Lee DF, Geron M, Scherrer G, von Zastrow M, Ehrlich AT. Selective targeting of mu opioid receptors to primary cilia. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114164. [PMID: 38678559 PMCID: PMC11257377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors are therapeutically important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with diverse neuromodulatory effects. The functional consequences of opioid receptor activation are known to depend on receptor location in the plasma membrane, but mechanisms mediating selective localization of receptors to any particular membrane domain remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the targeting of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) to the primary cilium, a discrete microdomain of the somatic plasma membrane, both in vivo and in cultured cells. We further show that ciliary targeting is specific to MORs, requires a 17-residue sequence unique to the MOR cytoplasmic tail, and additionally requires the Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) ciliary adaptor protein. Our results reveal the potential for opioid receptors to undergo selective localization to the primary cilium. We propose that ciliary targeting is mediated through an elaboration of the recycling pathway, directed by a specific C-terminal recycling sequence in cis and requiring TULP3 in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Fagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David F Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matan Geron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Aliza T Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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6
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Oya M, Miyasaka Y, Nakamura Y, Tanaka M, Suganami T, Mashimo T, Nakamura K. Age-related ciliopathy: Obesogenic shortening of melanocortin-4 receptor-bearing neuronal primary cilia. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1044-1058.e10. [PMID: 38452767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with aging. However, the mechanism of age-related obesity is unknown. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) mediates leptin-melanocortin anti-obesity signaling in the hypothalamus. Here, we discovered that MC4R-bearing primary cilia of hypothalamic neurons progressively shorten with age in rats, correlating with age-dependent metabolic decline and increased adiposity. This "age-related ciliopathy" is promoted by overnutrition-induced upregulation of leptin-melanocortin signaling and inhibited or reversed by dietary restriction or the knockdown of ciliogenesis-associated kinase 1 (CILK1). Forced shortening of MC4R-bearing cilia in hypothalamic neurons by genetic approaches impaired neuronal sensitivity to melanocortin and resulted in decreased brown fat thermogenesis and energy expenditure and increased appetite, finally developing obesity and leptin resistance. Therefore, despite its acute anti-obesity effect, chronic leptin-melanocortin signaling increases susceptibility to obesity by promoting the age-related shortening of MC4R-bearing cilia. This study provides a crucial mechanism for age-related obesity, which increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Oya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Genome Engineering, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Jurisch-Yaksi N, Wachten D, Gopalakrishnan J. The neuronal cilium - a highly diverse and dynamic organelle involved in sensory detection and neuromodulation. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:383-394. [PMID: 38580512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are fascinating organelles that act as cellular antennae, sensing the cellular environment. Cilia gained significant attention in the late 1990s after their dysfunction was linked to genetic diseases known as ciliopathies. Since then, several breakthrough discoveries have uncovered the mechanisms underlying cilia biogenesis and function. Like most cells in the animal kingdom, neurons also harbor cilia, which are enriched in neuromodulatory receptors. Yet, how neuronal cilia modulate neuronal physiology and animal behavior remains poorly understood. By comparing ciliary biology between the sensory and central nervous systems (CNS), we provide new perspectives on the functions of cilia in brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany
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8
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Tomlinson JW. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A focus on genetics, mechanisms and metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:13-24. [PMID: 38302651 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, monogenic, multisystem disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, renal abnormalities, polydactyly, learning disabilities, as well as metabolic dysfunction, including obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. It is a primary ciliopathy, and causative mutations in more than 25 different genes have been described. Multiple cellular mechanisms contribute to the development of the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS, including hyperphagia as a consequence of altered hypothalamic appetite signalling as well as alterations in adipocyte biology promoting adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis. Within this review, we describe in detail the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS and discuss the mechanisms that drive its evolution. In addition, we review current approaches to the metabolic management of patients with BBS, including the use of weight loss medications and bariatric surgery. Finally, we evaluate the potential of targeting hypothalamic appetite signalling to limit hyperphagia and induce clinically significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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9
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Ali S, Baig S, Wanninayake S, da Silva Xavier G, Dawson C, Paisey R, Geberhiwot T. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues in monogenic syndromic obesity: Real-world data from a large cohort of Alström syndrome patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:989-996. [PMID: 38151964 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the real-world efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in monogenic obesity in patients with Alström syndrome (ALMS). METHODS We screened 72 UK adult patients with ALMS and offered treatment to 34 patients meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher, insulin resistance, suboptimal glycaemic control on antihyperglycaemic medications or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. RESULTS In total, 30 patients, with a mean age of 31 ± 11 years and a male to-female ratio of 2:1, completed 6 months of treatment with GLP-1 RAs either in the form of semaglutide or exenatide. On average, treatment with GLP-1 RAs reduced body weight by 5.4 ± 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6-7) kg and HbA1c by 12 ± 3.3 (95% CI 8.7-15.3) mmol/mol, equating to 6% weight loss (P < .01) and 1.1% absolute reduction in HbA1c (P < .01). Significant improvements were also observed in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement of metabolic variables in our cohort of monogenic syndromic obesity was comparable with data for polygenic obesity, irrespective of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Data from our centre highlight the non-inferiority of GLP-1 RAs in monogenic syndromic obesity to the available GLP-1 RA-use data in polygenic obesity, therefore, these agents can be considered as a treatment option in patients with ALMS, as well as other forms of monogenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ali
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shanat Baig
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Charlotte Dawson
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Paisey
- Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Torquay, Torbay, UK
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Trang KB, Pahl MC, Pippin JA, Su C, Littleton SH, Sharma P, Kulkarni NN, Ghanem LR, Terry NA, O’Brien JM, Wagley Y, Hankenson KD, Jermusyk A, Hoskins JW, Amundadottir LT, Xu M, Brown KM, Anderson SA, Yang W, Titchenell PM, Seale P, Cook L, Levings MK, Zemel BS, Chesi A, Wells AD, Grant SF. 3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.08.30.23294092. [PMID: 37693606 PMCID: PMC10491377 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.23294092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, along with the associated common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Motivated by evidence for a strong genetic component, our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts for childhood obesity revealed 19 independent signals for the trait; however, the mechanism of action of these loci remains to be elucidated. To molecularly characterize these childhood obesity loci we sought to determine the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes within diverse cellular contexts. Integrating childhood obesity GWAS summary statistics with our existing 3D genomic datasets for 57 human cell types, consisting of high-resolution promoter-focused Capture-C/Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq, we applied stratified LD score regression and calculated the proportion of genome-wide SNP heritability attributable to cell type-specific features, revealing pancreatic alpha cell enrichment as the most statistically significant. Subsequent chromatin contact-based fine-mapping was carried out for genome-wide significant childhood obesity loci and their linkage disequilibrium proxies to implicate effector genes, yielded the most abundant number of candidate variants and target genes at the BDNF, ADCY3, TMEM18 and FTO loci in skeletal muscle myotubes and the pancreatic beta-cell line, EndoC-BH1. One novel implicated effector gene, ALKAL2 - an inflammation-responsive gene in nerve nociceptors - was observed at the key TMEM18 locus across multiple immune cell types. Interestingly, this observation was also supported through colocalization analysis using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset, supporting an inflammatory and neurologic component to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Our comprehensive appraisal of 3D genomic datasets generated in a myriad of different cell types provides genomic insights into pediatric obesity pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh B. Trang
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A. Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheridan H. Littleton
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhat Sharma
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil N. Kulkarni
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis R. Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie A. Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Center for Ophthalmic Genetics in Complex Disease
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason W. Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mai Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart A. Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Hernández-Cáceres MP, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Criollo A, Yañez MJ, Morselli E. Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:264-271. [PMID: 37488876 PMCID: PMC10503597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.377414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is, after the adipose tissue, the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human body. In neurons, lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium, a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development. A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established; however, its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely known. In this review, we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in neurons. Then we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy, in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions, specifically focusing on neurons, an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment, energy homeostasis, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Jose Yañez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Everett T, Ten Eyck TW, Wu CH, Shelowitz AL, Stansbury SM, Firek A, Setlow B, McIntyre JC. Cilia loss on distinct neuron populations differentially alters cocaine-induced locomotion and reward. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:200-212. [PMID: 38151883 PMCID: PMC11078551 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231219058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal primary cilia are being recognized for their role in mediating signaling associated with a variety of neurobehaviors, including responses to drugs of abuse. They function as signaling hubs, enriched with a diverse array of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including several associated with motivation and drug-related behaviors. However, our understanding of how cilia regulate neuronal function and behavior is still limited. AIMS The objective of the current study was to investigate the contributions of primary cilia on specific neuronal populations to behavioral responses to cocaine. METHODS To test the consequences of cilia loss on cocaine-induced locomotion and reward-related behavior, we selectively ablated cilia from dopaminergic or GAD2-GABAergic neurons in mice. RESULTS Cilia ablation on either population of neurons failed to significantly alter acute locomotor responses to cocaine at a range of doses. With repeated administration, mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons showed no difference in locomotor sensitization to cocaine compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, whereas mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons exhibited reduced locomotor sensitization to cocaine at 10 and 30 mg/kg. Mice lacking cilia on GAD2-GABAergic neurons showed no difference in cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), whereas mice lacking cilia on dopaminergic neurons exhibited reduced CPP compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS Combined with previous findings using amphetamine, our results show that behavioral effects of cilia ablation are cell- and drug type-specific, and that neuronal cilia contribute to modulation of both the locomotor-inducing and rewarding properties of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Everett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Tyler W. Ten Eyck
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Chang-Hung Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Sofia M. Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Alexandra Firek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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13
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Li AH, Kuo YY, Yang SB, Chen PC. Central Channelopathies in Obesity. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2024; 67:15-26. [PMID: 38780269 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-23-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As obesity has raised heightening awareness, researchers have attempted to identify potential targets that can be treated for therapeutic intervention. Focusing on the central nervous system (CNS), the key organ in maintaining energy balance, a plethora of ion channels that are expressed in the CNS have been inspected and determined through manipulation in different hypothalamic neural subpopulations for their roles in fine-tuning neuronal activity on energy state alterations, possibly acting as metabolic sensors. However, a remaining gap persists between human clinical investigations and mouse studies. Despite having delineated the pathways and mechanisms of how the mouse study-identified ion channels modulate energy homeostasis, only a few targets overlap with the obesity-related risk genes extracted from human genome-wide association studies. Here, we present the most recently discovered CNS-specific metabolism-correlated ion channels using reverse and forward genetics approaches in mice and humans, respectively, in the hope of illuminating the prospects for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Hsu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Kuo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Fitzpatrick M, Solberg Woods LC. Adenylate cyclase 3: a potential genetic link between obesity and major depressive disorder. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:1-8. [PMID: 37955134 PMCID: PMC11281808 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both significant health issues that have been increasing in prevalence and are associated with multiple comorbidities. Obesity and MDD have been shown to be bidirectionally associated, and they are both influenced by genetics and environmental factors. However, the molecular mechanisms that link these two diseases are not yet fully understood. It is possible that these diseases are connected through the actions of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Within this pathway, adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) has emerged as a key player in both obesity and MDD. Numerous genetic variants in Adcy3 have been identified in humans in association with obesity. Rodent knockout studies have also validated the importance of this gene for energy homeostasis. Furthermore, Adcy3 has been identified as a top candidate gene and even a potential blood biomarker for MDD. Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway may therefore serve as an important genetic and functional link between these two diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of both Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway, including specific genetic mutations, in both diseases. Understanding the role that Adcy3 mutations play in obesity and MDD could open the door for precision medicine approaches and treatments for both diseases that target this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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15
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Keller M, Svensson SIA, Rohde-Zimmermann K, Kovacs P, Böttcher Y. Genetics and Epigenetics in Obesity: What Do We Know so Far? Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:482-501. [PMID: 37819541 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enormous progress has been made in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity and the correlation of epigenetic marks with obesity and related traits. This review highlights current research and its challenges in genetics and epigenetics of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Recent progress in genetics of polygenic traits, particularly represented by genome-wide association studies, led to the discovery of hundreds of genetic variants associated with obesity, which allows constructing polygenic risk scores (PGS). In addition, epigenome-wide association studies helped identifying novel targets and methylation sites being important in the pathophysiology of obesity and which are essential for the generation of methylation risk scores (MRS). Despite their great potential for predicting the individual risk for obesity, the use of PGS and MRS remains challenging. Future research will likely discover more loci being involved in obesity, which will contribute to better understanding of the complex etiology of human obesity. The ultimate goal from a clinical perspective will be generating highly robust and accurate prediction scores allowing clinicians to predict obesity as well as individual responses to body weight loss-specific life-style interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Keller
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Medical Center, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stina Ingrid Alice Svensson
- EpiGen, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Medical Center, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Medical Center, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- EpiGen, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
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16
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Jeziorny K, Pietrowska K, Sieminska J, Zmyslowska-Polakowska E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M, Zmyslowska A. Serum metabolomics identified specific lipid compounds which may serve as markers of disease progression in patients with Alström and Bardet-Biedl syndromes. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1251905. [PMID: 38028552 PMCID: PMC10657895 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1251905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Alström syndrome (ALMS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are among the so-called ciliopathies and are associated with the development of multiple systemic abnormalities, including early childhood obesity and progressive neurodegeneration. Given the progressive deterioration of patients' quality of life, in the absence of defined causal treatment, it seems reasonable to identify the metabolic background of these diseases and search for their progression markers. The aim of this study was to find metabolites characteristic to ALMS and BBS, correlating with clinical course parameters, and related to the diseases progression. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics of serum samples obtained from ALMS and BBS patients (study group; n = 21) and obese/healthy participants (control group; each of 35 participants; n = 70) was performed using LC-QTOF-MS method at the study onset and after 4 years of follow-up. Results: Significant differences in such metabolites as valine, acylcarnitines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, as well as lysophosphatidylethanolamines and lysophosphatidylcholines were observed when the study group was compared to both control groups. After a follow-up of the study group, mainly changes in the levels of lysophospholipids and phospholipids (including oxidized phospholipids) were noted. In addition, in case of ALMS/BBS patients, correlations were observed between selected phospholipids and glucose metabolism parameters. We also found correlations of several LPEs with patients' age (p < 0.05), but the level of only one of them (hexacosanoic acid) correlated negatively with age in the ALMS/BBS group, but positively in the other groups. Conclusion: Patients with ALMS/BBS have altered lipid metabolism compared to controls or obese subjects. As the disease progresses, they show elevated levels of lipid oxidation products, which may suggest increased oxidative stress. Selected lipid metabolites may be considered as potential markers of progression of ALMS and BBS syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jeziorny
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Sieminska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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17
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Hoi KK, Xia W, Wei MM, Ulloa Navas MJ, Garcia Verdugo JM, Nachury MV, Reiter JF, Fancy SPJ. Primary cilia control oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation in white matter injury via Hedgehog-independent CREB signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113272. [PMID: 37858465 PMCID: PMC10715572 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination after white matter injury (WMI) often fails in diseases such as multiple sclerosis because of improper recruitment and repopulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in lesions. How OPCs elicit specific intracellular programs in response to a chemically and mechanically diverse environment to properly regenerate myelin remains unclear. OPCs construct primary cilia, specialized signaling compartments that transduce Hedgehog (Hh) and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signals. We investigated the role of primary cilia in the OPC response to WMI. Removing cilia from OPCs genetically via deletion of Ift88 results in OPCs failing to repopulate WMI lesions because of reduced proliferation. Interestingly, loss of cilia does not affect Hh signaling in OPCs or their responsiveness to Hh signals but instead leads to dysfunctional cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription. Because inhibition of CREB activity in OPCs reduces proliferation, we propose that a GPCR/cAMP/CREB signaling axis initiated at OPC cilia orchestrates OPC proliferation during development and in response to WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Hoi
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenlong Xia
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ming Ming Wei
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Jose Ulloa Navas
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Garcia Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maxence V Nachury
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen P J Fancy
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology, Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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18
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Winans AM, Friedmann D, Stanley C, Xiao T, Liu TL, Chang CJ, Isacoff EY. Ciliary localization of a light-activated neuronal GPCR shapes behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311131120. [PMID: 37844228 PMCID: PMC10614621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311131120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurons in the central nervous system produce a single primary cilium that serves as a specialized signaling organelle. Several neuromodulatory G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) localize to primary cilia in neurons, although it is not understood how GPCR signaling from the cilium impacts circuit function and behavior. We find that the vertebrate ancient long opsin A (VALopA), a Gi-coupled GPCR extraretinal opsin, targets to cilia of zebrafish spinal neurons. In the developing 1-d-old zebrafish, brief light activation of VALopA in neurons of the central pattern generator circuit for locomotion leads to sustained inhibition of coiling, the earliest form of locomotion. We find that a related extraretinal opsin, VALopB, is also Gi-coupled, but is not targeted to cilia. Light-induced activation of VALopB also suppresses coiling, but with faster kinetics. We identify the ciliary targeting domains of VALopA. Retargeting of both opsins shows that the locomotory response is prolonged and amplified when signaling occurs in the cilium. We propose that ciliary localization provides a mechanism for enhancing GPCR signaling in central neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Winans
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Drew Friedmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | | | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated BioImaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Weill Neurohub, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
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19
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Saito M, Otsu W, Miyadera K, Nishimura Y. Recent advances in the understanding of cilia mechanisms and their applications as therapeutic targets. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1232188. [PMID: 37780208 PMCID: PMC10538646 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1232188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a single immotile microtubule-based organelle that protrudes into the extracellular space. Malformations and dysfunctions of the cilia have been associated with various forms of syndromic and non-syndromic diseases, termed ciliopathies. The primary cilium is therefore gaining attention due to its potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we examine ciliary receptors, ciliogenesis, and ciliary trafficking as possible therapeutic targets. We first discuss the mechanisms of selective distribution, signal transduction, and physiological roles of ciliary receptors. Next, pathways that regulate ciliogenesis, specifically the Aurora A kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways are examined as therapeutic targets to regulate ciliogenesis. Then, in the photoreceptors, the mechanism of ciliary trafficking which takes place at the transition zone involving the ciliary membrane proteins is reviewed. Finally, some of the current therapeutic advancements highlighting the role of large animal models of photoreceptor ciliopathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Miyadera
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Research Center for Cilia and Diseases, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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20
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Wei R, Li D, Jia S, Chen Y, Wang J. MC4R in Central and Peripheral Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300035. [PMID: 37043700 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a critical and urgent health burden during the current global pandemic. Among multiple genetic causes, melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R), involved in food intake and energy metabolism regulation through various signaling pathways, has been reported to be the lead genetic factor in severe and early onset obesity and hyperphagia disorders. Most previous studies have illustrated the roles of MC4R signaling in energy intake versus expenditure in the central system, while some evidence indicates that MC4R is also expressed in peripheral systems, such as the gut and endocrine organs. However, its physiopathological function remains poorly defined. This review aims to depict the central and peripheral roles of MC4R in energy metabolism and endocrine hormone homeostasis, the diversity of phenotypes, biased downstream signaling caused by distinct MC4R mutations, and current drug development targeting the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sheng Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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21
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Zhang RK, Sun WY, Liu YX, Zhang EY, Fan ZC. RABL2 promotes the outward transition zone passage of signaling proteins in cilia via ARL3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302603120. [PMID: 37579161 PMCID: PMC10450674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302603120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain transmembrane and membrane-tethered signaling proteins export from cilia as BBSome cargoes via the outward BBSome transition zone (TZ) diffusion pathway, indispensable for maintaining their ciliary dynamics to enable cells to sense and transduce extracellular stimuli inside the cell. Murine Rab-like 2 (Rabl2) GTPase resembles Chlamydomonas Arf-like 3 (ARL3) GTPase in promoting outward TZ passage of the signaling protein cargo-laden BBSome. During this process, ARL3 binds to and recruits the retrograde IFT train-dissociated BBSome as its effector to diffuse through the TZ for ciliary retrieval, while how RABL2 and ARL3 cross talk in this event remains uncertain. Here, we report that Chlamydomonas RABL2 in a GTP-bound form (RABL2GTP) cycles through cilia via IFT as an IFT-B1 cargo, dissociates from retrograde IFT trains at a ciliary region right above the TZ, and converts to RABL2GDP for activating ARL3GDP as an ARL3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This confers ARL3GTP to detach from the ciliary membrane and become available for binding and recruiting the phospholipase D (PLD)-laden BBSome, autonomous of retrograde IFT association, to diffuse through the TZ for ciliary retrieval. Afterward, RABL2GDP exits cilia by being bound to the ARL3GTP/BBSome entity as a BBSome cargo. Our data identify ciliary signaling proteins exported from cilia via the RABL2-ARL3 cascade-mediated outward BBSome TZ diffusion pathway. According to this model, hedgehog signaling defect-induced Bardet-Biedl syndrome caused by RABL2 mutations in humans could be well explained in a mutation-specific manner, providing us with a mechanistic understanding behind the outward BBSome TZ passage required for proper ciliary signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | - Wei-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | - Yan-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
| | | | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin300457, China
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22
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Derderian C, Canales GI, Reiter JF. Seriously cilia: A tiny organelle illuminates evolution, disease, and intercellular communication. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1333-1349. [PMID: 37490910 PMCID: PMC10880727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The borders between cell and developmental biology, which have always been permeable, have largely dissolved. One manifestation is the blossoming of cilia biology, with cell and developmental approaches (increasingly complemented by human genetics, structural insights, and computational analysis) fruitfully advancing understanding of this fascinating, multifunctional organelle. The last eukaryotic common ancestor probably possessed a motile cilium, providing evolution with ample opportunity to adapt cilia to many jobs. Over the last decades, we have learned how non-motile, primary cilia play important roles in intercellular communication. Reflecting their diverse motility and signaling functions, compromised cilia cause a diverse range of diseases collectively called "ciliopathies." In this review, we highlight how cilia signal, focusing on how second messengers generated in cilia convey distinct information; how cilia are a potential source of signals to other cells; how evolution may have shaped ciliary function; and how cilia research may address thorny outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Derderian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela I Canales
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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23
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185572. [PMID: 37546985 PMCID: PMC10402269 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185572/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP. How cAMP integrates opposing peptide signals to regulate energy balance, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous peptidergic signaling, remain largely unknown. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVHMC4R). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. Release of either peptide impacts a ~100 μm diameter region, and when these peptide signals overlap, they compete to control cAMP. The competition is reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients: hunger peptides are more efficacious in the fasted state, satiety peptides in the fed state. Feeding resolves the competition by simultaneously elevating αMSH release and suppressing NPY release, thereby sustaining elevated cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons. In turn, cAMP potentiates feeding-related excitatory inputs and promotes satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how biochemical integration of opposing, quantal peptide signals during energy intake orchestrates a gradual transition between stable states of hunger and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paula K Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren F Christenson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Present address: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yihan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Akash Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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24
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548551. [PMID: 37503012 PMCID: PMC10369917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP, but the messenger's spatiotemporal dynamics and role in energy balance are controversial. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic and spatially restricted NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVH MC4R ). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. NPY and αMSH competitively control cAMP, as reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients evoked by each peptide. During feeding bouts, elevated αMSH release and suppressed NPY release cooperatively sustain elevated cAMP in PVH MC4R neurons, thereby potentiating feeding-related excitatory inputs and promoting satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how state-dependent integration of opposing, quantal peptidergic events by a common biochemical target calibrates energy intake.
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25
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Bi W, Zhou W, Zhang P, Sun Y, Yue W, Lee S. Scalable mixed model methods for set-based association studies on large-scale categorical data analysis and its application to exome-sequencing data in UK Biobank. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:762-773. [PMID: 37019109 PMCID: PMC10183366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing release of large-scale sequencing data in the UK Biobank allows for the identification of associations between rare variants and complex traits. SAIGE-GENE+ is a valid approach to conducting set-based association tests for quantitative and binary traits. However, for ordinal categorical phenotypes, applying SAIGE-GENE+ with treating the trait as quantitative or binarizing the trait can cause inflated type I error rates or power loss. In this study, we propose a scalable and accurate method for rare-variant association tests, POLMM-GENE, in which we used a proportional odds logistic mixed model to characterize ordinal categorical phenotypes while adjusting for sample relatedness. POLMM-GENE fully utilizes the categorical nature of phenotypes and thus can well control type I error rates while remaining powerful. In the analyses of UK Biobank 450k whole-exome-sequencing data for five ordinal categorical traits, POLMM-GENE identified 54 gene-phenotype associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Bi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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26
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DeMars KM, Ross MR, Starr A, McIntyre JC. Neuronal primary cilia integrate peripheral signals with metabolic drives. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1150232. [PMID: 37064917 PMCID: PMC10090425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal primary cilia have recently emerged as important contributors to the central regulation of energy homeostasis. As non-motile, microtubule-based organelles, primary cilia serve as signaling antennae for metabolic status. The impairment of ciliary structure or function can produce ciliopathies for which obesity is a hallmark phenotype and global ablation of cilia induces non-syndromic adiposity in mouse models. This organelle is not only a hub for metabolic signaling, but also for catecholamine neuromodulation that shapes neuronal circuitry in response to sensory input. The objective of this review is to highlight current research investigating the mechanisms of primary cilium-regulated metabolic drives for maintaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Madeleine R. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Summer Neuroscience Internship Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alana Starr
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeremy C. McIntyre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Kambey PA, Kodzo LD, Serojane F, Oluwasola BJ. The bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity: Evidence from Meta and bioinformatics analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:443-452. [PMID: 36806758 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globally high prevalence of both obesity and bipolar disorder makes the bidirectional relationship between the two disorders a pivotal phenomenon; hence, a meta-analysis to synopsize their co-occurrence is indispensable. Psychotropic-induced obesity has been reported to be an important factor linking bipolar disorder and obesity. Nonetheless, the molecular signature of this connection is perplexing. METHODS Here, we leverage both meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to provide a conspectus and deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disease patients following psychotropic treatment. Searches were performed on a diverse collection of databases through June 25, 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies. Analysis of OR, 95% CI, and tests of homogeneity were carried out with STATA software. For the bioinformatics analysis, the LIMMA package which is incorporated into the Gene Expression Omnibus database was used. RESULTS Our search yielded 138 studies, of which 18 fitted our inclusion criteria. Individuals who are obese have an increased risk of developing bipolar disorder (pooled adjusted OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01-1.62). In a manner analogous to this, the pooled adjusted odds ratio reveals that patients with bipolar disorder have an increased chance of obesity (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.35-2). To deduce the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar disorder patients following psychotropic treatment, three data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE5392, GSE87610, and GSE35977) were integrated and the genes obtained were validated by a cohort of known single nucleotide polymorphism of obesity via direct overlap. Results indicate genes that are activated after psychotropic treatment. Some of these genes are CYBB, C3, OLR1, CX3CR1, C3AR1, CD53, AIF1, LY86, BDNF, ALOX5AP, CXCL10, and the preponderance falls under mesodermal and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The ROC analysis reveals a strong discriminating value between the two groups (UBAP2L AUC = 0.806, p = 1.1e-04, NOVA2 AUC = 0.73, p = 6.7e-03). CONCLUSION Our study shows unequivocal evidence of a bi-directional association between bipolar disorder and obesity, but more crucially, it provides a snapshot of the molecular signature of obesity in bipolar patients as a result of psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lalit Dzifa Kodzo
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.,Nursing and Midwifery Training college, Twifo Praso, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Fattimah Serojane
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolorunduro Janet Oluwasola
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O Box 25305-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Departure of computer science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 92, Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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28
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Bernard A, Ojeda Naharros I, Yue X, Mifsud F, Blake A, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Ciprin J, Zhang S, McDaid E, Kim K, Nachury MV, Reiter JF, Vaisse C. MRAP2 regulates energy homeostasis by promoting primary cilia localization of MC4R. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e155900. [PMID: 36692018 PMCID: PMC9977312 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and its associated protein melanocortin receptor-associated protein 2 (MRAP2) are essential for the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans. MC4R localizes and functions at the neuronal primary cilium, a microtubule-based organelle that senses and relays extracellular signals. Here, we demonstrate that MRAP2 is critical for the weight-regulating function of MC4R neurons and the ciliary localization of MC4R. More generally, our study also reveals that GPCR localization to primary cilia can require specific accessory proteins that may not be present in heterologous cell culture systems. Our findings further demonstrate that targeting of MC4R to neuronal primary cilia is essential for the control of long-term energy homeostasis and suggest that genetic disruption of MC4R ciliary localization may frequently underlie inherited forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyu Yue
- Department of Medicine and The Diabetes Center
| | | | - Abbey Blake
- Department of Medicine and The Diabetes Center
| | | | | | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Medicine and The Diabetes Center
| | - Erin McDaid
- Department of Medicine and The Diabetes Center
| | - Kellan Kim
- Department of Medicine and The Diabetes Center
| | | | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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29
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Stubbs T, Bingman JI, Besse J, Mykytyn K. Ciliary signaling proteins are mislocalized in the brains of Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1-null mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1092161. [PMID: 36699005 PMCID: PMC9868275 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, primary cilia are found on most, if not all, central neurons. The importance of neuronal cilia is underscored by the fact that human diseases caused by primary cilia dysfunction, which are known as ciliopathies, are associated with neuropathologies, including neuropsychiatric disorders and learning and memory deficits. Neuronal cilia are enriched for certain G protein-coupled receptors and their downstream effectors, suggesting they sense and respond to neuromodulators in the extracellular milieu. GPCR ciliary localization is disrupted in neurons from mouse models of the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome, with GPCRs failing to localize to cilia, indicating the Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins are required for trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors into neuronal cilia. Yet, dopamine receptor 1 accumulates in cilia in the absence of Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins, suggesting Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins are required for normal ciliary import and export. To further explore the roles of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins in neuronal cilia, we examined localization of ciliary signaling proteins in a new constitutive Bbs1 knockout mouse model. Interestingly, we find that two additional ciliary G protein-coupled receptors (Gpr161 and Gpr19) abnormally accumulate in cilia on Bardet-Biedl syndrome neurons. In addition, we find that the GPCR signaling protein β-arrestin accumulates in a subset of cilia in the brain, suggesting the presence of additional unidentified ciliary G protein-coupled receptors. These results confirm the importance of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins in establishing ciliary GPCR pathways and indicate that loss of Bbs1 leads to complex changes in the localization of signaling proteins in the brain.
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30
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Yang Y. Peripheral and central control of obesity by primary cilia. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:295-304. [PMID: 36632916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the cell surface. They are capable of sensing external cues and conveying a vast array of signals into cells to regulate a variety of physiological activities. Mutations in cilium-associated genes are linked to a group of diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations, collectively known as ciliopathies. A significant proportion of human ciliopathy cases are accompanied by metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which dysfunction of primary cilia contributes to obesity are complex. In this article, we present an overview of primary cilia and highlight obesity-related ciliopathies. We also discuss the potential role of primary cilia in peripheral organs, with a focus on adipose tissues. In addition, we emphasize the significance of primary cilia in the central regulation of obesity, especially the involvement of ciliary signaling in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. This article therefore proposes a framework of both peripheral and central regulation of obesity by primary cilia, which may benefit further exploration of the ciliary role in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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31
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Kobayashi Y, Saito Y. Evaluation of ciliary-GPCR dynamics using a validated organotypic brain slice culture method. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 175:69-83. [PMID: 36967146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a structural organelle present in most mammalian cells. Primary cilia are enriched with a unique protein repertoire distinct from that of the cytosol and the plasma membrane. Such a highly organized microenvironment creates effective machinery for translating extracellular cues into intracellular signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key receptors in sensing environmental stimuli transmitted via a second messenger into a cellular response. Recent data has demonstrated that a limited number of non-olfactory GPCRs, including melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), are preferentially localized to ciliary membranes of several mammalian cell types, including neuronal cells. Evidence was accumulated to support the functional importance of ciliary-GPCR signaling accompanying ciliary structural changes using cilia-specific cell and molecular biology techniques. Thus, cilia are now considered to function as a unique sensory platform for the integration of GPCR signaling and various cytoplasmic domains. Dissociated neurons expressing ciliary-GPCRs can be a useful tool for examining ciliary dynamics. However, losing preexisting neuronal connectivity may alter neuronal ciliary morphology, such as abnormal elongation. Brain slices prepared under ex vitro conditions are a powerful approach that maintains the cytoarchitecture, enabling researchers to have accurate control over experimental conditions and to study individual cells from subregions of the brain. Here, we present a detailed description of our novel modified method for organotypic culture of rat brain slice and a validated immunostaining protocol to characterize ciliary-GPCR dynamics in coupling with neuropeptides or aminergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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32
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Mou M, Pan Z, Lu M, Sun H, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhu F. Application of Machine Learning in Spatial Proteomics. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5875-5895. [PMID: 36378082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial proteomics is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the localization and dynamics of proteins, and it has gained extensive attention in recent years, especially the subcellular proteomics. Numerous evidence indicate that the subcellular localization of proteins is associated with various cellular processes and disease progression. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based and imaging-based experimental approaches have been developed to acquire large-scale spatial proteomic data. To allow the reliable analysis of increasingly complex spatial proteomics data, machine learning (ML) methods have been widely used in both MS-based and imaging-based spatial proteomic data analysis pipelines. Here, we comprehensively survey the applications of ML in spatial proteomics from following aspects: (1) data resources for spatial proteome are comprehensively introduced; (2) the roles of different ML algorithms in data analysis pipelines are elaborated; (3) successful applications of spatial proteomics and several analytical tools integrating ML methods are presented; (4) challenges existing in modern ML-based spatial proteomics studies are discussed. This review provides guidelines for researchers seeking to apply ML methods to analyze spatial proteomic data and can facilitate insightful understanding of cell biology as well as the future research in medical and drug discovery communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Mou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingkun Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huaicheng Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Brewer KM, Brewer KK, Richardson NC, Berbari NF. Neuronal cilia in energy homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1082141. [PMID: 36568981 PMCID: PMC9773564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of genetic disorders termed ciliopathies are associated with obesity. The mechanisms behind cilia dysfunction and altered energy homeostasis in these syndromes are complex and likely involve deficits in both development and adult homeostasis. Interestingly, several cilia-associated gene mutations also lead to morbid obesity. While cilia have critical and diverse functions in energy homeostasis, including their roles in centrally mediated food intake and peripheral tissues, many questions remain. Here, we briefly discuss syndromic ciliopathies and monogenic cilia signaling mutations associated with obesity. We then focus on potential ways neuronal cilia regulate energy homeostasis. We discuss the literature around cilia and leptin-melanocortin signaling and changes in ciliary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. We also discuss the different brain regions where cilia are implicated in energy homeostasis and the potential for cilia dysfunction in neural development to contribute to obesity. We close with a short discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with studies looking at neuronal cilia and energy homeostasis. This review highlights how neuronal cilia-mediated signaling is critical for proper energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Katlyn K. Brewer
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Richardson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas F. Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Nicolas F. Berbari,
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Scamfer SR, Lee MD, Hilgendorf KI. Ciliary control of adipocyte progenitor cell fate regulates energy storage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083372. [PMID: 36561368 PMCID: PMC9763467 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular sensory organelle found in most cells in our body. This includes adipocyte progenitor cells in our adipose tissue, a complex organ involved in energy storage, endocrine signaling, and thermogenesis. Numerous studies have shown that the primary cilium plays a critical role in directing the cell fate of adipocyte progenitor cells in multiple adipose tissue types. Accordingly, diseases with dysfunctional cilia called ciliopathies have a broad range of clinical manifestations, including obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the primary cilium regulates adipocyte progenitor cell fate in multiple contexts and illustrates the importance of the primary cilium in regulating energy storage and adipose tissue function.
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35
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Crook OM, Lilley KS, Gatto L, Kirk PD. Semi-Supervised Non-Parametric Bayesian Modelling of Spatial Proteomics. Ann Appl Stat 2022; 16:22-aoas1603. [PMID: 36507469 PMCID: PMC7613899 DOI: 10.1214/22-aoas1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding sub-cellular protein localisation is an essential component in the analysis of context specific protein function. Recent advances in quantitative mass-spectrometry (MS) have led to high resolution mapping of thousands of proteins to sub-cellular locations within the cell. Novel modelling considerations to capture the complex nature of these data are thus necessary. We approach analysis of spatial proteomics data in a non-parametric Bayesian framework, using K-component mixtures of Gaussian process regression models. The Gaussian process regression model accounts for correlation structure within a sub-cellular niche, with each mixture component capturing the distinct correlation structure observed within each niche. The availability of marker proteins (i.e. proteins with a priori known labelled locations) motivates a semi-supervised learning approach to inform the Gaussian process hyperparameters. We moreover provide an efficient Hamiltonian-within-Gibbs sampler for our model. Furthermore, we reduce the computational burden associated with inversion of covariance matrices by exploiting the structure in the covariance matrix. A tensor decomposition of our covariance matrices allows extended Trench and Durbin algorithms to be applied to reduce the computational complexity of inversion and hence accelerate computation. We provide detailed case-studies on Drosophila embryos and mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells to illustrate the benefit of semi-supervised functional Bayesian modelling of the data.
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36
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Inferring differential subcellular localisation in comparative spatial proteomics using BANDLE. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5948. [PMID: 36216816 PMCID: PMC9550814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady-state localisation of proteins provides vital insight into their function. These localisations are context specific with proteins translocating between different subcellular niches upon perturbation of the subcellular environment. Differential localisation, that is a change in the steady-state subcellular location of a protein, provides a step towards mechanistic insight of subcellular protein dynamics. High-accuracy high-throughput mass spectrometry-based methods now exist to map the steady-state localisation and re-localisation of proteins. Here, we describe a principled Bayesian approach, BANDLE, that uses these data to compute the probability that a protein differentially localises upon cellular perturbation. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that BANDLE reduces the number of both type I and type II errors compared to existing approaches. Application of BANDLE to several datasets recovers well-studied translocations. In an application to cytomegalovirus infection, we obtain insights into the rewiring of the host proteome. Integration of other high-throughput datasets allows us to provide the functional context of these data.
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37
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Chen J, Ding Q, An L, Wang H. Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclases as therapeutic targets for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949384. [PMID: 36188604 PMCID: PMC9523369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main secondary messengers, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Ca2+ trigger intracellular signal transduction cascade and, in turn, regulate many aspects of cellular function in developing and mature neurons. The group I adenylyl cyclase (ADCY, also known as AC) isoforms, including ADCY1, 3, and 8 (also known as AC1, AC3, and AC8), are stimulated by Ca2+ and thus functionally positioned to integrate cAMP and Ca2+ signaling. Emerging lines of evidence have suggested the association of the Ca2+-stimulated ADCYs with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and autism. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular features as well as the physiological functions of ADCY1, 3, and 8. We further discuss the recent therapeutic development to target the Ca2+-stimulated ADCYs for potential treatments of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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38
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Hansen JN, Kaiser F, Leyendecker P, Stüven B, Krause JH, Derakhshandeh F, Irfan J, Sroka TJ, Preval KM, Desai PB, Kraut M, Theis H, Drews AD, De-Domenico E, Händler K, Pazour GJ, Henderson DJP, Mick DU, Wachten D. A cAMP signalosome in primary cilia drives gene expression and kidney cyst formation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54315. [PMID: 35695071 PMCID: PMC9346484 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium constitutes an organelle that orchestrates signal transduction independently from the cell body. Dysregulation of this intricate molecular architecture leads to severe human diseases, commonly referred to as ciliopathies. However, the molecular underpinnings how ciliary signaling orchestrates a specific cellular output remain elusive. By combining spatially resolved optogenetics with RNA sequencing and imaging, we reveal a novel cAMP signalosome that is functionally distinct from the cytoplasm. We identify the genes and pathways targeted by the ciliary cAMP signalosome and shed light on the underlying mechanisms and downstream signaling. We reveal that chronic stimulation of the ciliary cAMP signalosome transforms kidney epithelia from tubules into cysts. Counteracting this chronic cAMP elevation in the cilium by small molecules targeting activation of phosphodiesterase‐4 long isoforms inhibits cyst growth. Thereby, we identify a novel concept of how the primary cilium controls cellular functions and maintains tissue integrity in a specific and spatially distinct manner and reveal novel molecular components that might be involved in the development of one of the most common genetic diseases, polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Hansen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Kaiser
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Leyendecker
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birthe Stüven
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens-Henning Krause
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Tommy J Sroka
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kenley M Preval
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paurav B Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Precise Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Department of Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heidi Theis
- Precise Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Department of Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Dorothee Drews
- Precise Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Department of Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena De-Domenico
- Precise Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Department of Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- Precise Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, Department of Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Biotech II, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - David U Mick
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Ni Z, Wang Y, Shi C, Zhang X, Gong H, Dong Y. Islet MC4R Regulates PC1/3 to Improve Insulin Secretion in T2DM Mice via the cAMP and β-arrestin-1 Pathways. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6164-6178. [PMID: 35900711 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays an important role in energy balance regulation and insulin secretion. It has been demonstrated that in the pancreas, it is expressed in islet α and β cells, wherein it is significantly correlated with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. However, the molecular mechanism by which it regulates islet function is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, our aim was to clarify the signaling and target genes involved in the regulation of insulin and GLP-1 secretion by islet MC4R. The results obtained showed that in islet cells, the expression of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), which is correlated with islet GLP-1 and insulin secretion, increased significantly under the action of the MC4R agonist, NDP-α-MSH, but decreased under the action of the MC4R antagonist, AgRP. Additionally, we observed that to exert their regulatory functions in the islets, cAMP and β-arrestin-1 acted as important signaling mediators of MC4R, and compared with control islets, the cAMP, PKA, and β-arrestin-1 levels corresponding to NDP-α-MSH-treated islets were significantly elevated; however, in AgRP-treated islets, their levels decreased significantly. Islets treated with the PKA inhibitor, H89, and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, also showed significant decreases in PC1/3 expression level, indicating that the cAMP and β-arrestin-1 pathways are significantly correlated with PC1/3 expression. These findings suggest that islet MC4R possibly affects PC1/3 expression via the cAMP and β-arrestin-1 pathways to regulate GLP-1 and insulin secretion. These results provide a new theoretical basis for targeting the molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhong Ni
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Shi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi coal Central Hospital, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuwei Dong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, 221018, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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40
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Ávalos Y, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lagos P, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Joy-Immediato M, Venegas-Zamora L, Lopez-Gallardo E, Kretschmar C, Batista-Gonzalez A, Cifuentes-Araneda F, Toledo-Valenzuela L, Rodriguez-Peña M, Espinoza-Caicedo J, Perez-Leighton C, Bertocchi C, Cerda M, Troncoso R, Parra V, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A, Morselli E. Palmitic acid control of ciliogenesis modulates insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:659. [PMID: 35902579 PMCID: PMC9334645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is significantly increased in the hypothalamus of mice, when fed chronically with a high-fat diet (HFD). PA impairs insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons, by a mechanism dependent on autophagy, a process of lysosomal-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic material. In addition, previous work shows a crosstalk between autophagy and the primary cilium (hereafter cilium), an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that acts as a signaling platform for the cell. Ciliopathies, human diseases characterized by cilia dysfunction, manifest, type 2 diabetes, among other features, suggesting a role of the cilium in insulin signaling. Cilium depletion in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons triggers obesity and insulin resistance in mice, the same phenotype as mice deficient in autophagy in POMC neurons. Here we investigated the effect of chronic consumption of HFD on cilia; and our results indicate that chronic feeding with HFD reduces the percentage of cilia in hypothalamic POMC neurons. This effect may be due to an increased amount of PA, as treatment with this saturated fatty acid in vitro reduces the percentage of ciliated cells and cilia length in hypothalamic neurons. Importantly, the same effect of cilia depletion was obtained following chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy, indicating autophagy is required for ciliogenesis. We further demonstrate a role for the cilium in insulin sensitivity, as cilium loss in hypothalamic neuronal cells disrupts insulin signaling and insulin-dependent glucose uptake, an effect that correlates with the ciliary localization of the insulin receptor (IR). Consistently, increased percentage of ciliated hypothalamic neuronal cells promotes insulin signaling, even when cells are exposed to PA. Altogether, our results indicate that, in hypothalamic neurons, impairment of autophagy, either by PA exposure, chemical or genetic manipulation, cause cilia loss that impairs insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenniffer Ávalos
- grid.412179.80000 0001 2191 5013Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lagos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle Joy-Immediato
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Lopez-Gallardo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Cifuentes-Araneda
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo-Valenzuela
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez-Peña
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasson Espinoza-Caicedo
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Perez-Leighton
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Network for the Study of High-Lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile ,grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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41
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The role of ciliopathy-associated type 3 adenylyl cyclase in infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. iScience 2022; 25:104534. [PMID: 35754726 PMCID: PMC9218507 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virgin adult male mice often display killing of alien newborns, defined as infanticide, and this behavior is dependent on olfactory signaling. Olfactory perception is achieved by the main olfactory system (MOS) or vomeronasal system (VNS). Although it has been established that the VNS is crucial for infanticide in male mice, the role of the MOS in infanticide remains unknown. Herein, by producing lesions via ZnSO4 perfusion and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid stereotactic injection, we demonstrated that the main olfactory epithelium (MOE), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is crucial for infanticide in adult males. By using CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with adeno-associated viruses to induce specific knockdown of type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) in these tissues, we further demonstrated that AC3, a ciliopathy-associated protein, in the MOE and the expression of related proteins in the AON or VMH are necessary for infanticidal behavior in virgin adult male mice. MOE lesions and knockdown of AC3 in the MOE result in abnormal infanticidal behavior The infanticidal behavior of male mice is impaired by lesioning of the AON or VMH AC3 knockdown in the AON or VMH affects the infanticidal behavior of male mice
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Rodríguez-López R, Gimeno-Ferrer F, do Santos DA, Ferrer-Bolufer I, Luján CG, Alcalá OZ, García-Banacloy A, Cogollos VB, Juan CS. Reviewed and updated Algorithm for Genetic Characterization of Syndromic Obesity Phenotypes. Curr Genomics 2022; 23:147-162. [PMID: 36777005 PMCID: PMC9878830 DOI: 10.2174/1389202923666220426093436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with a phenotype of early-onset severe obesity associated with intellectual disability can have molecular diagnoses ranging from monogenic to complex genetic traits. Severe overweight is the major sign of a syndromic physical appearance and predicting the influence of a single gene and/or polygenic risk profile is extremely complicated among the majority of the cases. At present, considering rare monogenic bases as the principal etiology for the majority of obesity cases associated with intellectual disability is scientifically poor. The diversity of the molecular bases responsible for the two entities makes the appliance of the current routinely powerful genomics diagnostic tools essential. Objective: Clinical investigation of these difficult-to-diagnose patients requires pediatricians and neurologists to use optimized descriptions of signs and symptoms to improve genotype correlations. Methods: The use of modern integrated bioinformatics strategies which are conducted by experienced multidisciplinary clinical teams. Evaluation of the phenotype of the patient's family is also of importance. Results: The next step involves discarding the monogenic canonical obesity syndromes and considering infrequent unique molecular cases, and/or then polygenic bases. Adequate management of the application of the new technique and its diagnostic phases is essential for achieving good cost/efficiency balances. Conclusion: With the current clinical management, it is necessary to consider the potential coincidence of risk mutations for obesity in patients with genetic alterations that induce intellectual disability. In this review, we describe an updated algorithm for the molecular characterization and diagnosis of patients with a syndromic obesity phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Avenida de las Tres Cruces no. 2 46014, Valencia, Spain; Tel: 0034 963 131 800 – 437317; Fax: 0034 963 131 979; E-mail:
| | - Fátima Gimeno-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Albuquerque do Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer-Bolufer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carola Guzmán Luján
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Otilia Zomeño Alcalá
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amor García-Banacloy
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Clinical Analysis Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Sánchez Juan
- Endocrinology Service, General Hospital Consortium of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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43
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Laiho L, Murray JF. The Multifaceted Melanocortin Receptors. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6608375. [PMID: 35700124 PMCID: PMC9214563 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The 5 known melanocortin receptors (MCs) have established physiological roles. With the exception of MC2, these receptors can behave unpredictably, and since they are more widely expressed than their established roles would suggest, it is likely that they have other poorly characterized functions. The aim of this review is to discuss some of the less well-explored aspects of the 4 enigmatic members of this receptor family (MC1,3-5) and describe how these are multifaceted G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors appear to be promiscuous in that they bind several endogenous agonists (products of the proopiomelanocortin [POMC] gene) and antagonists but with inconsistent relative affinities and effects. We propose that this is a result of posttranslational modifications that determine receptor localization within nanodomains. Within each nanodomain there will be a variety of proteins, including ion channels, modifying proteins, and other GPCRs, that can interact with the MCs to alter the availability of receptor at the cell surface as well as the intracellular signaling resulting from receptor activation. Different combinations of interacting proteins and MCs may therefore give rise to the complex and inconsistent functional profiles reported for the MCs. For further progress in understanding this family, improved characterization of tissue-specific functions is required. Current evidence for interactions of these receptors with a range of partners, resulting in modulation of cell signaling, suggests that each should be studied within the full context of their interacting partners. The role of physiological status in determining this context also remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Laiho
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne Fiona Murray
- Correspondence: J. F. Murray, PhD, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9DX, UK.
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44
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Piper NBC, Whitfield EA, Stewart GD, Xu X, Furness SGB. Targeting appetite and satiety in diabetes and obesity, via G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115115. [PMID: 35671790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached pandemic proportions throughout the world, so much so that the World Health Organisation coined the term "Globesity" to help encapsulate the magnitude of the problem. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly tractable drug targets due to their wide involvement in all aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, indeed, GPCRs are the targets of approximately 30% of the currently approved drugs. GPCRs are also broadly involved in key physiologies that underlie type 2 diabetes and obesity including feeding reward, appetite and satiety, regulation of blood glucose levels, energy homeostasis and adipose function. Despite this, only two GPCRs are the target of approved pharmaceuticals for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review we discuss the role of these, and select other candidate GPCRs, involved in various facets of type 2 diabetic or obese pathophysiology, how they might be targeted and the potential reasons why pharmaceuticals against these targets have not progressed to clinical use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current development pipeline of anti-obesity drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B C Piper
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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45
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Tereshko L, Turrigiano GG, Sengupta P. Primary cilia in the postnatal brain: Subcellular compartments for organizing neuromodulatory signaling. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102533. [PMID: 35405626 PMCID: PMC9167775 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia have well characterized roles in early brain development, relaying signals critical for neurogenesis and brain formation during embryonic stages. Less understood are the contributions of cilia-mediated signaling to postnatal brain function. Several cilia-localized receptors that bind neuropeptides and neurotransmitters endogenous to the brain have been identified in adult neurons, but the functional significance of signaling through these cilia-localized receptors is largely unexplored. Ciliopathic disorders in humans often manifest with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and cognitive deficits. Intriguingly, recent research has also linked several neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases to ciliary dysfunction. This review summarizes recent evidence suggesting that cilia signaling may dynamically regulate postnatal neuronal physiology and connectivity, and highlights possible links among cilia, neuronal circuitry, neuron survival, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tereshko
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454,Current address: Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Gina G. Turrigiano
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454,Corresponding authors: ;
| | - Piali Sengupta
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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46
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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Copperi F, Kim JD, Diano S. Melanocortin Signaling Connecting Systemic Metabolism With Mood Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:879-887. [PMID: 34344535 PMCID: PMC8643363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders are often overlapping pathologies that are prevalent public health concerns. Many studies have indicated a positive correlation between depression and obesity, although weight loss and decreased appetite are also recognized as features of depression. Accordingly, DSM-5 defines two subtypes of depression associated with changes in feeding: melancholic depression, characterized by anhedonia and associated with decreased feeding and appetite; and atypical depression, characterized by fatigue, sleepiness, hyperphagia, and weight gain. The central nervous system plays a key role in the regulation of feeding and mood, thus suggesting that overlapping neuronal circuits may be involved in their modulation. However, these circuits have yet to be completely characterized. The central melanocortin system, a circuitry characterized by the expression of specific peptides (pro-opiomelanocortins, agouti-related protein, and neuropeptide Y) and their melanocortin receptors, has been shown to be a key player in the regulation of feeding. In addition, the melanocortin system has also been shown to affect anxiety and depressive-like behavior, thus suggesting a possible role of the melanocortin system as a biological substrate linking feeding and depression. However, more studies are needed to fully understand this complex system and its role in regulating metabolic and mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on the role of the melanocortin system in human and animal models in feeding and mood regulation, providing evidence of the biological interplay between anxiety, major depressive disorders, appetite, and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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48
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Awasthi M, Ranjan P, Kelterborn S, Hegemann P, Snell WJ. A cytoplasmic protein kinase couples engagement of Chlamydomonas ciliary receptors to cAMP-dependent cellular responses. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275490. [PMID: 35502650 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a cellular compartment specialized for receipt of extracellular signals essential for development and homeostasis. Although intraciliary responses to engagement of ciliary receptors are well studied, fundamental questions remain about the mechanisms and molecules that transduce ciliary signals into responses in the cytoplasm. During fertilization in the bi-ciliated alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ciliary adhesion between plus and minus gametes triggers an immediate ∼10-fold increase in cellular cAMP and consequent responses in the cytoplasm required for cell-cell fusion. Here, we identify a new participant in ciliary signaling, Gamete-Specific Protein Kinase (GSPK). GSPK is essential for the adhesion-induced cAMP increase and for rapid gamete fusion. The protein is in the cytoplasm and the entire cellular complement responds to a signal from the cilium by becoming phosphorylated within 1 minute after ciliary receptor engagement. Unlike all other cytoplasmic events in ciliary signaling, GSPK phosphorylation is not responsive to exogenously added cAMP. Thus, during ciliary signaling in Chlamydomonas, a cytoplasmic protein is required to rapidly interpret a still uncharacterized ciliary signal to generate a cytoplasmic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Awasthi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peeyush Ranjan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Simon Kelterborn
- Experimental Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Translational Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Experimental Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William J Snell
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Lee CH, Kang GM, Kim MS. Mechanisms of Weight Control by Primary Cilia. Mol Cells 2022; 45:169-176. [PMID: 35387896 PMCID: PMC9001153 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary cilium, a hair-like protrusion of the plasma membrane, is a pivotal organelle for sensing external environmental signals and transducing intracellular signaling. An interesting linkage between cilia and obesity has been revealed by studies of the human genetic ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, in which obesity is a principal manifestation. Mouse models of cell type-specific cilia dysgenesis have subsequently demonstrated that ciliary defects restricted to specific hypothalamic neurons are sufficient to induce obesity and hyperphagia. A potential mechanism underlying hypothalamic neuron cilia-related obesity is impaired ciliary localization of G protein-coupled receptors involved in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. A well-studied example of this is melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), mutations in which are the most common cause of human monogenic obesity. In the paraventricular hypothalamus neurons, a blockade of ciliary trafficking of MC4R as well as its downstream ciliary signaling leads to hyperphagia and weight gain. Another potential mechanism is reduced leptin signaling in hypothalamic neurons with defective cilia. Leptin receptors traffic to the periciliary area upon leptin stimulation. Moreover, defects in cilia formation hamper leptin signaling and actions in both developing and differentiated hypothalamic neurons. The list of obesity-linked ciliary proteins is expending and this supports a tight association between cilia and obesity. This article provides a brief review on the mechanism of how ciliary defects in hypothalamic neurons facilitate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Goutzelas Y, Kontou P, Mamuris Z, Bagos P, Sarafidou T. Meta-analysis of gene expression data in adipose tissue reveals new obesity associated genes. Gene 2022; 818:146223. [PMID: 35063573 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic data like microarray data are deposited in public databases such as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Omics data integration and processing from different and independent studies is achieved by using efficient and effective computational tools through meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a statistical powerful tool combining data from numerous studies, minimizes bias and increases statistical power by increasing sample size compared to individual studies. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of gene expression data in adipose tissue to identify genes that are differentially expressed between obese and non-obese subjects as well as to detect gene expression signatures, pathways and networks associated with obesity. We identified 821 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adipose tissue of obese subjects compared to non-obese. A protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network was reconstructed consisting of 168 proteins. Functional enrichment analysis in the network revealed proteins involved in RNA and energy metabolism. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed 15 enriched pathway terms. Furthermore, multiple testing correction methods identified five statistically significant obesity associated genes (NDUFA12, SFI1, SSB, FAR2 and LACE1) that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Goutzelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Pantelis Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Theologia Sarafidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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