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Capp JP, Catania F, Thomas F. From genetic mosaicism to tumorigenesis through indirect genetic effects. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300238. [PMID: 38736323 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Genetic mosaicism has long been linked to aging, and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the potential connections between mosaicism and susceptibility to cancer. It has been proposed that mosaicism may disrupt tissue homeostasis by affecting intercellular communications and releasing microenvironmental constraints within tissues. The underlying mechanisms driving these tissue-level influences remain unidentified, however. Here, we present an evolutionary perspective on the interplay between mosaicism and cancer, suggesting that the tissue-level impacts of genetic mosaicism can be attributed to Indirect Genetic Effects (IGEs). IGEs can increase the level of cellular stochasticity and phenotypic instability among adjacent cells, thereby elevating the risk of cancer development within the tissue. Moreover, as cells experience phenotypic changes in response to challenging microenvironmental conditions, these changes can initiate a cascade of nongenetic alterations, referred to as Indirect non-Genetic Effects (InGEs), which in turn catalyze IGEs among surrounding cells. We argue that incorporating both InGEs and IGEs into our understanding of the process of oncogenic transformation could trigger a major paradigm shift in cancer research with far-reaching implications for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, INSA/University of Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Francesco Catania
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Yang Q, He B, Borges MC, Lawlor DA. Accuracy in drug target Mendelian randomization of maternal and foetal health. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1283-1284. [PMID: 38818841 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Baoting He
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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3
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Liu J, Richmond RC, Anderson EL, Bowden J, Barry CJS, Dashti HS, Daghlas IS, Lane JM, Kyle SD, Vetter C, Morrison CL, Jones SE, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Wright AK, Carr MJ, Anderson SG, Emsley RA, Ray DW, Weedon MN, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Lawlor DA. The role of accelerometer-derived sleep traits on glycated haemoglobin and glucose levels: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14962. [PMID: 38942746 PMCID: PMC11213880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-reported shorter/longer sleep duration, insomnia, and evening preference are associated with hyperglycaemia in observational analyses, with similar observations in small studies using accelerometer-derived sleep traits. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies support an effect of self-reported insomnia, but not others, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). To explore potential effects, we used MR methods to assess effects of accelerometer-derived sleep traits (duration, mid-point least active 5-h, mid-point most active 10-h, sleep fragmentation, and efficiency) on HbA1c/glucose in European adults from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 73,797) and the MAGIC consortium (n = 146,806). Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to determine genetic correlations across accelerometer-derived, self-reported sleep traits, and HbA1c/glucose. We found no causal effect of any accelerometer-derived sleep trait on HbA1c or glucose. Similar MR results for self-reported sleep traits in the UKB sub-sample with accelerometer-derived measures suggested our results were not explained by selection bias. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analyses suggested complex relationships between self-reported and accelerometer-derived traits indicating that they may reflect different types of exposure. These findings suggested accelerometer-derived sleep traits do not affect HbA1c. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep duration and quality might not simply be 'objective' measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, but rather captured different sleep characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ciarrah-Jane S Barry
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iyas S Daghlas
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claire L Morrison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience and Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Alison K Wright
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Carr
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Rutter
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Stinson SE, Kromann Reim P, Lund MAV, Lausten-Thomsen U, Aas Holm L, Huang Y, Brøns C, Vaag A, Thiele M, Krag A, Fonvig CE, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Christiansen M, Ängquist L, Sørensen TIA, Holm JC, Hansen T. The interplay between birth weight and obesity in determining childhood and adolescent cardiometabolic risk. EBioMedicine 2024:105205. [PMID: 38918147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight (BW) is associated with risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) in adulthood, which may depend on the state of obesity, in particular if developed at a young age. We hypothesised that BW and a polygenic score (PGS) for BW were associated with cardiometabolic risk and related plasma protein levels in children and adolescents. We aimed to determine the modifying effect of childhood obesity on these associations. METHODS We used data from The cross-sectional HOLBAEK Study with 4263 participants (median [IQR] age, 11.7 [9.2, 14.3] years; 57.1% girls and 42.9% boys; 48.6% from an obesity clinic and 51.4% from a population-based group). We gathered information on BW and gestational age, anthropometrics, cardiometabolic risk factors, calculated a PGS for BW, and measured plasma proteins using Olink Inflammation and Cardiovascular II panels. We employed multiple linear regression to examine the associations with BW as a continuous variable and performed interaction analyses to assess the effect of childhood obesity on cardiometabolic risk and plasma protein levels. FINDINGS BW and a PGS for BW associated with cardiometabolic risk and plasma protein levels in childhood and adolescence. Childhood obesity modified the associations between BW and measures of insulin resistance, including HOMA-IR (βadj [95% CI per SD] for obesity: -0.12 [-0.15, -0.08]; normal weight: -0.04 [-0.08, 0.00]; Pinteraction = 0.004), c-peptide (obesity: -0.11 [-0.14, -0.08]; normal weight: -0.02 [-0.06, 0.02]; Pinteraction = 5.05E-04), and SBP SDS (obesity: -0.12 [-0.16, -0.08]; normal weight: -0.06 [-0.11, -0.01]; Pinteraction = 0.0479). Childhood obesity also modified the associations between BW and plasma levels of 14 proteins (e.g., IL15RA, MCP1, and XCL1; Pinteraction < 0.05). INTERPRETATION We identified associations between lower BW and adverse metabolic phenotypes, particularly insulin resistance, blood pressure, and altered plasma protein levels, which were more pronounced in children with obesity. Developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for this group is needed to reduce the risk of future CMD. FUNDING Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF15OC0016544, NNF0064142 to T.H., NNF15OC0016692 to T.H. and A.K., NNF18CC0033668 to S.E.S, NNF18SA0034956 to C.E.F., NNF20SA0067242 to DCA, NNF18CC0034900 to NNF CBMR), The Innovation Fund Denmark (0603-00484B to T.H.), The Danish Cardiovascular Academy (DCA) and the Danish Heart Foundation (HF) (PhD2021007-DCA to P.K.R, 18-R125-A8447-22088 (HF) and 21-R149-A10071-22193 (HF) to M.A.V.L., PhD2023009-HF to L.A.H), EU Horizon (668031, 847989, 825694, 964590 to A.K.), Innovative Health Initiative (101132901 for A.K.), A.P. Møller Foundation (19-L-0366 to T.H.), The Danish National Research Foundation, Steno Diabetes Center Sjælland, and The Region Zealand and Southern Denmark Health Scientific Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elizabeth Stinson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pauline Kromann Reim
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Asp Vonsild Lund
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Neonatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Children's Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Yun Huang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Children's Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Childhood Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Burden SJ, Alshehri R, Lamata P, Poston L, Taylor PD. Maternal obesity and offspring cardiovascular remodelling - the effect of preconception and antenatal lifestyle interventions: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01536-0. [PMID: 38898228 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconception or antenatal lifestyle interventions in women with obesity may prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the child, including cardiac remodelling. We undertook a systematic review of the existing data to examine the impact of randomised controlled trials of lifestyle interventions in pregnant women with obesity on offspring cardiac remodelling and related parameters of cardiovascular health. METHODS This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023454762) and aligns with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and previous reviews were systematically searched. Follow-up studies from randomised trials of lifestyle interventions in pregnant women with obesity, which included offspring cardiac remodelling or related cardiovascular parameters as outcome measures, were included based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. RESULTS Eight studies from five randomised controlled trials were included after screening 3252 articles. Interventions included antenatal exercise (n = 2), diet and physical activity (n = 2), and preconception diet and physical activity (n = 1). Children were <2-months to 3-7-years-old, with sample sizes ranging between n = 18-404. Reduced cardiac remodelling, with reduced interventricular septal wall thickness, was consistently reported. Some studies identified improved systolic and diastolic function and a reduced resting heart rate. Risk of bias analyses rated all studies as 'fair' (some risk of bias). A high loss-to-follow-up was a common limitation. CONCLUSION Although there is some evidence to suggest that lifestyle interventions in women with obesity may limit offspring cardiac remodelling, further high-quality longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these observations and to determine whether these changes persist to adulthood. Child offspring cardiovascular health benefits of preconception and antenatal lifestyle interventions in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Burden
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Rahaf Alshehri
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Science Research, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pablo Lamata
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul D Taylor
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Cheng Z, Li J, Tong W, Liu T, Zhang C, Ma J, Lu G. Exploring the relationship between life course adiposity and sepsis: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1413690. [PMID: 38948521 PMCID: PMC11211544 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1413690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between adiposity and sepsis has received increasing attention. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between life course adiposity and the sepsis incidence. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed in this study. Instrumental variants were obtained from genome-wide association studies for life course adiposity, including birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), childhood obesity, adult BMI, waist circumference, visceral adiposity, and body fat percentage. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for sepsis including 10,154 cases and 454,764 controls was used in this study. MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted, MR Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. Instrumental variables were identified as significant single nucleotide polymorphisms at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5×10-8). The sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the reliability of the MR estimates. Results Analysis using the MR analysis of inverse variance weighted method revealed that genetic predisposition to increased childhood BMI (OR = 1.29, P = 0.003), childhood obesity (OR = 1.07, P = 0.034), adult BMI (OR = 1.38, P < 0.001), adult waist circumference (OR = 1.01, P = 0.028), and adult visceral adiposity (OR = 1.53, P < 0.001) predicted a higher risk of sepsis. Sensitivity analysis did not identify any bias in the MR results. Conclusion The results demonstrated that adiposity in childhood and adults had causal effects on sepsis incidence. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Tong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
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Yue T, Guo Y, Qi X, Zheng W, Zhang H, Wang B, Liu K, Zhou B, Zeng X, Ouzhuluobu, He Y, Su B. Sex-biased regulatory changes in the placenta of native highlanders contribute to adaptive fetal development. eLife 2024; 12:RP89004. [PMID: 38869160 PMCID: PMC11175615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with lowlander migrants, native Tibetans have a higher reproductive success at high altitude though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compared the transcriptome and histology of full-term placentas between native Tibetans and Han migrants. We found that the placental trophoblast shows the largest expression divergence between Tibetans and Han, and Tibetans show decreased immune response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, we detected a sex-biased expression divergence, where the male-infant placentas show a greater between-population difference than the female-infant placentas. The umbilical cord plays a key role in the sex-biased expression divergence, which is associated with the higher birth weight of the male newborns of Tibetans. We also identified adaptive histological changes in the male-infant placentas of Tibetans, including larger umbilical artery wall and umbilical artery intima and media, and fewer syncytial knots. These findings provide valuable insights into the sex-biased adaptation of human populations, with significant implications for medical and genetic studies of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuerui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang HospitalKunmingChina
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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8
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Xin Z, Xu L, Sun L. Assessing the causal relationship of birth weight and childhood obesity on osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2024; 15:e12. [PMID: 38828686 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with osteoarthritis (OA), but few studies have used fetal origin to explore the association. Our study aims to disentangle the causality between birth weight, childhood obesity, and adult OA using Mendelian randomization (MR). We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to birth weight (n = 298,142) and childhood obesity (n = 24,160) from two genome-wide association studies contributed by the Early Growth Genetics Consortium. Summary statistics of OA and its phenotypes (knee, hip, spine, hand, thumb, and finger OA) from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis Consortium (n = 826,690) were used to estimate the effects of SNPs on OA. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was conducted to investigate the independent effects of exposures. It turned out that genetically predicted standard deviation increase in birth weight was not associated with OA. In contrast, there was a marginally positive effect of childhood obesity on total [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.15 using IVW], knee (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.22 using weighted median), hip (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.24 using IVW), and spine OA (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.22 using IVW), but not hand, thumb, or finger OA. MVMR indicated a potential adulthood body mass index-dependent causal pathway between childhood obesity and OA. In conclusion, no association of birth weight with OA was suggested. Childhood obesity, however, showed a causality with OA in weight-bearing joints, which seems to be a general association of obesity with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Xin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Trejo S. Exploring the Fetal Origins Hypothesis Using Genetic Data. SOCIAL FORCES; A SCIENTIFIC MEDIUM OF SOCIAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 2024; 102:1555-1581. [PMID: 38638179 PMCID: PMC11021852 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Birth weight is a robust predictor of valued life course outcomes, emphasizing the importance of prenatal development. But does birth weight act as a proxy for environmental conditions in utero, or do biological processes surrounding birth weight themselves play a role in healthy development? To answer this question, we leverage variation in birth weight that is, within families, orthogonal to prenatal environmental conditions: one's genes. We construct polygenic scores in two longitudinal studies (Born in Bradford, N = 2008; Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, N = 8488) to empirically explore the molecular genetic correlates of birth weight. A 1 standard deviation increase in the polygenic score is associated with an ~100-grams increase in birth weight and a 1.4 pp (22 percent) decrease in low birth weight probability. Sibling comparisons illustrate that this association largely represents a causal effect. The polygenic score-birth weight association is increased for children who spend longer in the womb and whose mothers have higher body mass index, though we find no differences across maternal socioeconomic status. Finally, the polygenic score affects social and cognitive outcomes, suggesting that birth weight is itself related to healthy prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Trejo
- Princeton University, Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, United States
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10
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Srivastava AK, Monangi N, Ravichandran V, Solé-Navais P, Jacobsson B, Muglia LJ, Zhang G. Recent Advances in Genomic Studies of Gestational Duration and Preterm Birth. Clin Perinatol 2024; 51:313-329. [PMID: 38705643 PMCID: PMC11189662 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity. For several decades, extensive epidemiologic and genetic studies have highlighted the significant contribution of maternal and offspring genetic factors to PTB. This review discusses the challenges inherent in conventional genomic analyses of PTB and underscores the importance of adopting nonconventional approaches, such as analyzing the mother-child pair as a single analytical unit, to disentangle the intertwined maternal and fetal genetic influences. We elaborate on studies investigating PTB phenotypes through 3 levels of genetic analyses: single-variant, multi-variant, and genome-wide variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nagendra Monangi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative; Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vidhya Ravichandran
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Pol Solé-Navais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, Oslo 0456, Norway
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative; The Burroughs Wellcome Fund, 21 Tw Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative.
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11
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Li W, Xia M, Zeng H, Lin H, Teschendorff AE, Gao X, Wang S. Longitudinal analysis of epigenome-wide DNA methylation reveals novel loci associated with BMI change in East Asians. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38802969 PMCID: PMC11131215 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global public health concern linked to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, may contribute to obesity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the longitudinal change of BMI has not been well-explored, especially in East Asian populations. METHODS This study performed a longitudinal epigenome-wide association analysis of DNA methylation to uncover novel loci associated with BMI change in 533 individuals across two Chinese cohorts with repeated DNA methylation and BMI measurements over four years. RESULTS We identified three novel CpG sites (cg14671384, cg25540824, and cg10848724) significantly associated with BMI change. Two of the identified CpG sites were located in regions previously associated with body shape and basal metabolic rate. Annotation of the top 20 BMI change-associated CpGs revealed strong connections to obesity and T2D. Notably, these CpGs exhibited active regulatory roles and located in genes with high expression in the liver and digestive tract, suggesting a potential regulatory pathway from genome to phenotypes of energy metabolism and absorption via DNA methylation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal EWAS comparisons indicated different mechanisms between CpGs related to BMI and BMI change. CONCLUSION This study enhances our understanding of the epigenetic dynamics underlying BMI change and emphasizes the value of longitudinal analyses in deciphering the complex interplay between epigenetics and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wusong Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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12
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Cui J, Fu S, Zhu L, Li P, Song C. Mendelian randomization shows causal effects of birth weight and childhood body mass index on the risk of frailty. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1270698. [PMID: 38855449 PMCID: PMC11158621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1270698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI) and frailty has been extensively studied, but it is currently unclear whether this relationship is causal. Methods We utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology to investigate the causal effects of birth weight and childhood BMI on the risk of frailty. Instrumental variables (p < 5E-08) strongly associated with own birth weight (N = 298,142 infants), offspring birth weight (N = 210,267 mothers), and childhood BMI (N = 39,620) were identified from large-scale genomic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The frailty status was assessed using the frailty index, which was derived from comprehensive geriatric assessments of older adults within the UK Biobank and the TwinGene database (N = 175,226). Results Genetically predicted one standard deviation (SD) increase in own birth weight, but not offspring birth weight (maternal-specific), was linked to a decreased frailty index (β per SD increase = -0.068, 95%CI = -0.106 to -0.030, p = 3.92E-04). Conversely, genetically predicted one SD increase in childhood BMI was associated with an elevated frailty index (β per SD increase = 0.080, 95%CI = 0.046 to 0.114, p = 3.43E-06) with good statistical power (99.8%). The findings remained consistent across sensitivity analyses and showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Conclusion This MR study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between lower birth weight, higher childhood BMI, and an increased risk of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Cui
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Assessment and Comparison of Early Developmental Toxicity of Six Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Human Embryonic Stem Cell Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8215-8227. [PMID: 38687897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are extensively utilized in varieties of products and tend to accumulate in the human body including umbilical cord blood and embryos/fetuses. In this study, we conducted an assessment and comparison of the potential early developmental toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), undecafluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), heptafluorobutyric acid, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorobutyric acid at noncytotoxic concentrations relevant to human exposure using models based on human embryonic stem cells in both three-dimensional embryoid body (EB) and monolayer differentiation configurations. All six compounds influenced the determination of cell fate by disrupting the expression of associated markers in both models and, in some instances, even led to alterations in the formation of cystic EBs. The expression of cilia-related gene IFT122 was significantly inhibited. Additionally, PFOS and PFOA inhibited ciliogenesis, while PFOA specifically reduced the cilia length. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PFOS altered 1054 genes and disrupted crucial signaling pathways such as WNT and TGF-β, which play integral roles in cilia transduction and are critical for early embryonic development. These results provide precise and comprehensive insights into the potential adverse health effects of these six PFAS compounds directly concerning early human embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Sweetalana, Mooney JA, Szpiech ZA. Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of domestication in dogs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.592072. [PMID: 38746159 PMCID: PMC11092585 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.592072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are genomic regions that arise when two copies of an identical ancestral haplotype are inherited from parents with a recent common ancestor. In this study, we performed a novel comprehensive analysis to infer genetic diversity among dogs and quantified the association between ROH and non-disease phenotypes. We found distinct patterns of genetic diversity across clades of breed dogs and elevated levels of long ROH, compared to non- domesticated dogs. These high levels of F ROH (inbreeding coefficient) are a consequence of recent inbreeding among domesticated dogs during breed establishment. We identified statistically significant associations between F ROH and height, weight, lifespan, muscled, white head, white chest, furnish, and length of fur. After correcting for population structure, we identified more than 45 genes across the three examined quantitative traits that exceeded the threshold for suggestive significance, indicating significant polygenic inheritance for the complex quantitative phenotypes in dogs.
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15
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Tzvi-Behr S, Greenstein LB, Ben-Shalom E, Frishberg Y, Cohen SO. Associations Between Prematurity, Birthweight, and Adolescence Blood Pressure in a Nationwide Cohort. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1228-1235. [PMID: 38707822 PMCID: PMC11068966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.02.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prematurity is associated with incomplete nephrogenesis and an increased incidence of acute kidney injury, that may increase the risk of future kidney disease, including hypertension, proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of hypertension or proteinuria in adolescents born prematurely or small for gestational age, in a nationwide cohort. Methods The study cohort included potential recruits examined in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) medical facilities, between November 2005 and October 2018. Clinical and anthropometric data, including blood pressure (BP) measurement, were retrieved from the IDF medical files. Adolescents born between January 1993 and December 2000 had additional data on gestational age at birth, retrieved from the Israeli Ministry of Health database. Results The study cohort included 513,802 participants, aged 17.3 ± 0.9 years, of whom 48,994 had gestational age data. Adolescents born as very preterm, as extremely preterm infants, those born with very low birthweight (VLBW), or with extremely low birthweight (ELBW) had higher incidence of hypertensive-range BP (55%, 47%, 19% and 12%, respectively). No significant association between birthweight (BW) adjusted to gestational age and hypertension was observed. Within the overweight and obese adolescents, those born with VLBW and ELBW, had further increased hypertensive-range BP rate. Proteinuria was diagnosed in 0.33% of the study cohort, with no significant difference between BW or gestational age categories. Conclusion Adolescents born with VLBW or as significant preterm were associated with high BP and should be monitored for hypertension development and its potential complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Tzvi-Behr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucy B. Greenstein
- Medical corps, Israel Defense Forces, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben-Shalom
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon O. Cohen
- Medical corps, Israel Defense Forces, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Huang N, Jin M, Zhuang Z, Yang Z, Liu X, Huang T, Li N. Joint association and interaction of birth weight and lifestyle with hypertension: A cohort study in UK Biobank. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:483-490. [PMID: 38491763 PMCID: PMC11088426 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Low birth weight and unhealthy lifestyle are both associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The authors aimed to assess the joint association and interaction of birth weight and lifestyle with incident hypertension. The authors included 205 522 participants free of hypertension at baseline from UK Biobank. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on body mass index, physical activity, diet, smoking status and alcohol intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the impact of birth weight, healthy lifestyle score and their joint effect on hypertension. The authors documented 13 548 (6.59%) incident hypertension cases during a median of 8.6 years of follow-up. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.12 (1.09, 1.15) per kg lower birth weight and 0.76 (0.75, 0.77) per score increment in healthy lifestyle score. Healthy lifestyle reduced the risk of hypertension in any category of different birth weight groups. The preventive effect of healthy lifestyle on hypertension was the most pronounced at lower birth weight with <2500 g and 2500-2999 g, respectively. Addictive interaction between birth weight and healthy lifestyle score was observed with the relative excess risk due to interaction of 0.04 (0.03, 0.05). Our findings emphasized the importance of healthy lifestyle for hypertension prevention, especially among the high-risk population with lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zeping Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of EducationBeijingChina
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
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17
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Ning L, He C, Lu C, Huang W, Zeng T, Su Q. Association between basal metabolic rate and cardio-metabolic risk factors: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28154. [PMID: 38590845 PMCID: PMC10999873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardio-metabolic risk factors play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a fundamental physiological parameter that affects energy expenditure and might contribute to variations in these risk factors. However, the exact relationship between BMR and cardio-metabolic risk factors has remained unclear. Methods We employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to explore the association between BMR (N: 534,045) and various cardio-metabolic risk factors, including body mass index (BMI, N: 681,275), fasting glucose (N: 200,622), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (N = 403,943), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (N = 431,167), total cholesterol (N: 344,278), and triglycerides (N: 441,016), C-reactive protein (N: 436,939), waist circumference (N: 232,101), systolic blood pressure (N: 810,865), diastolic blood pressure (N: 810,865), glycated haemoglobin (N: 389,889), and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (N: 21,758). We leveraged genetic variants strongly associated with BMR as instrumental variables to investigate potential causal relationships, with the primary analysis using the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method. Results Our MR analysis revealed compelling evidence of a causal link between BMR and specific cardio-metabolic risk factors. Specifically, genetically determined higher BMR was associated with an increased BMI (β = 0.7538, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6418 to 0.8659, p < 0.001), lower levels of HDL cholesterol (β = -0.3293, 95% CI: 0.4474 to -0.2111, p < 0.001), higher levels of triglycerides (β = 0.1472, 95% CI: 0.0370 to 0.2574, p = 0.0088), waist circumference (β = 0.4416, 95% CI: 0.2949 to 0.5883, p < 0.001), and glycated haemoglobin (β = 0.1037, 95% CI: 0.0080 to 0.1995, p = 0.0377). However, we did not observe any significant association between BMR and fasting glucose, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (all p-values>0.05). Conclusion This MR study provides valuable insights into the relationship between BMR and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Understanding the causal links between BMR and these factors could have important implications for the development of targeted interventions and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Changjing He
- Pediatric surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Health Management Service Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials in Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Preclinica1 and Translational Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology in Hepatobiliary Diseases, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical Cohort Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medical Research Basic Guarantee for Immune-Related Disease Research, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biomedical Material Research, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Prevention and Control of High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology in Tumors of Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Research on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High Incidence Diseases in Western Guangxi, China
- Baise Key Laboratory of Mo1ecular Pathology in Tumors, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, China
- Baise Key Laboratory for Research and Deve1opment on Clinical Mo1ecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases, China
- Key Laboratory of the Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, China
- Laboratory of the Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, China
- Life Science and C1inical Medicine Research Center, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Research of High Incidence Diseases in Guangxi, China
| | - Chunliu Lu
- Health Management Service Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wanzhong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Health Management Service Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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Peng Q, Qiu W, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhu C. Fetal genetically determined birth weight plays a causal role in earlier puberty timing: evidence from human genetic studies. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:792-800. [PMID: 38384258 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does fetal genetically determined birth weight associate with the timing of puberty? SUMMARY ANSWER Lower fetal genetically determined birth weight was causally associated with an earlier onset of puberty, independent of the indirect effects of the maternal intrauterine environment. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have indicated a potential causal link between birth weight, childhood BMI, and the onset of puberty. However, they did not distinguish between genetic variants that have a direct impact on birth weight through the fetal genome (referred to as fetal genetic effects) and those that influence birth weight indirectly by affecting the intrauterine environment (known as maternal genetic effects). It is crucial to emphasize that previous studies were limited because they did not account for the potential bias caused by unaddressed correlations between maternal and fetal genetic effects. Additionally, the proportion of birth weight variation explained by the fetal genome is considerably larger than that of the maternal genome. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed two-sample MR analyses to investigate the causal effect of fetal genetically determined birth weight on puberty timing using summary data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in individuals of European ancestry. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS From the two most recent GWASs specifically centered on birth weight, which included 406 063 individuals and 423 683 individuals (63 365 trios) respectively, we identified genetic variants associated with fetal genetically determined birth weight, while adjusting for maternal genetic effects. We identified genetic variants associated with childhood BMI from an independent GWAS involving 21 309 European participants. On this basis, we employed two-sample MR techniques to examine the possible causal effects of fetal genetically determined birth weight on puberty timing using a large-scale GWAS of puberty timing (including 179 117 females of European ancestry). Furthermore, we employed advanced analytical methods, specifically MR mediation and MR-Cluster, to enhance our comprehension of the causal relationship between birth weight determined by fetal genetics and the timing of puberty. We also explored the pathways through which childhood BMI might act as a mediator in this relationship. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the univariable MR analysis, a one SD decrease in fetal genetically determined birth weight (∼ 418 g) was associated with a 0.16 (95% CI [0.07-0.26]) years earlier onset of puberty. The multivariable MR analysis including fetal genetically determined birth weight and childhood BMI in relation to puberty timing provided compelling evidence that birth weight had a direct influence on the timing of puberty. Lower birth weight (one SD) was associated with an earlier onset of puberty, with a difference of 0.23 (95% CI [0.05-0.42]) years. We found little evidence to support a mediating role of childhood BMI between birth weight and puberty timing (-0.07 years, 95% CI [-0.20 to 0.06]). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our data came from European ancestry populations, which may restrict the generalizability of our results to other populations. Moreover, our analysis could not investigate potential non-linear relationships between birth weight and puberty timing due to limitations in genetic summary data. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Findings from this study suggested that low birth weight, determined by the fetal genome, contributes to early puberty, and offered supporting evidence to enhance comprehension of the fetal origins of disease hypothesis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) C.Z. was funded by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program [grant number 2021JDR0189]. J.Z. was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 82373588]. No other authors declare any sources of funding. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Paediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cairong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Kentistou KA, Lim BEM, Kaisinger LR, Steinthorsdottir V, Sharp LN, Patel KA, Tragante V, Hawkes G, Gardner EJ, Olafsdottir T, Wood AR, Zhao Y, Thorleifsson G, Day FR, Ozanne SE, Hattersley AT, O'Rahilly S, Stefansson K, Ong KK, Beaumont RN, Perry JRB, Freathy RM. Rare variant associations with birth weight identify genes involved in adipose tissue regulation, placental function and insulin-like growth factor signalling. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.03.24305248. [PMID: 38633783 PMCID: PMC11023655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.24305248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the genetic factors influencing human birth weight may lead to biological insights into fetal growth and long-term health. Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have highlighted associated variants in more than 200 regions of the genome, but the causal genes are mostly unknown. Rare genetic variants with robust evidence of association are more likely to point to causal genes, but to date, only a few rare variants are known to influence birth weight. We aimed to identify genes that harbour rare variants that impact birth weight when carried by either the fetus or the mother, by analysing whole exome sequence data in UK Biobank participants. We annotated rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) protein-truncating or high impact missense variants on whole exome sequence data in up to 234,675 participants with data on their own birth weight (fetal variants), and up to 181,883 mothers who reported the birth weight of their first child (maternal variants). Variants within each gene were collapsed to perform gene burden tests and for each associated gene, we compared the observed fetal and maternal effects. We identified 8 genes with evidence of rare fetal variant effects on birth weight, of which 2 also showed maternal effects. One additional gene showed evidence of maternal effects only. We observed 10/11 directionally concordant associations in an independent sample of up to 45,622 individuals (sign test P=0.01). Of the genes identified, IGF1R and PAPPA2 (fetal and maternal-acting) have known roles in insulin-like growth factor bioavailability and signalling. PPARG, INHBE and ACVR1C (all fetal-acting) have known roles in adipose tissue regulation and rare variants in the latter two also showed associations with favourable adiposity patterns in adults. We highlight the dual role of PPARG in both adipocyte differentiation and placental angiogenesis. NOS3, NRK, and ADAMTS8 (fetal and maternal-acting) have been implicated in both placental function and hypertension. Analysis of rare coding variants has identified regulators of fetal adipose tissue and fetoplacental angiogenesis as determinants of birth weight, as well as further evidence for the role of insulin-like growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brandon E M Lim
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke N Sharp
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gareth Hawkes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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20
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Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Kain ZN, Ehwerhemuepha L, Jenkins BN. Obesity Heterogeneity by Neighborhood Context in a Largely Latinx Sample. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:980-991. [PMID: 36997832 PMCID: PMC10933170 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood socioeconomic context where Latinx children live may influence body weight status. Los Angeles County and Orange County of Southern California both are on the list of the top ten counties with the largest Latinx population in the USA. This heterogeneity allowed us to estimate differential impacts of neighborhood environment on children's body mass index z-scores by race/ethnicity using novel methods and a rich data source. We geocoded pediatric electronic medical record data from a predominantly Latinx sample and characterized neighborhoods into unique residential contexts using latent profile modeling techniques. We estimated multilevel linear regression models that adjust for comorbid conditions and found that a child's place of residence independently associates with higher body mass index z-scores. Interactions further reveal that Latinx children living in Middle-Class neighborhoods have higher BMI z-scores than Asian and Other Race children residing in the most disadvantaged communities. Our findings underscore the complex relationship between community racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood socioeconomic context on body weight status during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Kranjac
- Department of Sociology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dinko Kranjac
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brooke N Jenkins
- Center for Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
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21
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Zhou Q, Jin X, Li H, Wang Q, Tao M, Wang J, Cao Y. Cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein as a cause of psoriasis: Results from bidirectional Mendelian randomization. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:710-718. [PMID: 38031463 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that affects many people. However, the causal effect of lipid metabolism on psoriasis has not yet been verified. This study aimed to identify the genetic relationship between serum lipid levels and psoriasis. METHODS Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyse the causal relationship between cholesterol and psoriasis. The outcome of the forward causality test was psoriasis. In the analysis of reverse causality, psoriasis was exposed, and 79 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the genome-wide association study (GWASs) database from the IEU GWASs Project. MR-Egger regression, inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode were used for the MR analyses. RESULTS The level of triglyceride, lipase member N, chylomicrons, extremely large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, cholesterol esters in large HDL, cholesterol esters in medium HDL and cholesterol esters in medium VLDL have not affected the development of psoriasis. However, total cholesterol, total free cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, cholesterol esters in large VLDL and cholesterol esters in medium LDL were unidirectional causal effects on psoriasis. CONCLUSION Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis indicated that high levels of total cholesterol, total free cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, cholesterol esters in large VLDL and cholesterol esters in medium LDL are genetic risk factors for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- First Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- First Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- First Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qionglin Wang
- First Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maocan Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Wu X, Li Z, Cui Y, Yan Z, Lu T, Cui S. Neurodevelopmental disorders as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies. Front Genet 2024; 15:1365596. [PMID: 38525244 PMCID: PMC10957778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1365596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to clarify the incidence rate of temporomandibular joint disease in patients with mental disorders. Methods: Data extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and FinnGen databases employed the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method to assess the associations of three neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs)-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette's Disorder (TD)-as exposure factors with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). The analysis used a two-sample MR design, employing the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method to evaluate the relationships between these disorders and Temporomandibular Disorder. Sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity assessments were conducted. Potential confounding factors like low birth weight, childhood obesity, and body mass index were controlled for. Results: The study found that ADHD significantly increased the risks for TMD (OR = 1.2342, 95%CI (1.1448-1.3307), p < 0.00001), TMD (including avohilmo) (OR = 1.1244, 95%CI (1.0643-1.1880), p = 0.00003), TMD-related pain (OR = 1.1590, 95%CI (1.0964-1.2252), p < 0.00001), and TMD-related muscular pain associated with fibromyalgia (OR = 1.1815, 95%CI (1.1133-1.2538), p < 0.00001), while other disorders did not show significant causal relationships. Conclusion: This study reveals the elevated risk of various TMD aspects due to ADHD. Furthermore, we discuss the link between low vitamin D levels ADHD and TMD. Future research should address these limitations and delve further into the complex interactions between ADHD, ASD, TD, and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wu
- Department of Health Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zefang Li
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaojun Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Song Cui
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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23
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhao Q. The causal effect of obesity on concomitant exotropia: A lifecourse Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37348. [PMID: 38428888 PMCID: PMC10906616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a significant global public health issue. Limited understanding exists regarding the association between obesity and concomitant exotropia. Our objective was to identify the causal relationship between lifecourse obesity, including birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), and adult BMI, and the risk of concomitant exotropia. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) strategy to examine the causal relationship with inverse-variance weighted method as the primary MR analysis. We carried out sensitivity analyses to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of our findings. Also, we performed reverse-direction MR analysis to eliminate the possibility of reverse causality. Childhood BMI, as opposed to birth weight or adult BMI, had a significant impact on the risk of concomitant exotropia (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.81, P = .01). This significance persisted even after accounting for birth weight and adult BMI using multivariable MR analysis (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.75, P = .02). There was no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy observed in sensitivity analyses (P > .05). Multivariable MR analysis further confirmed the absence of pleiotropic effects of some risk factors including prematurity, maternal smoking around birth and refractive error. Reverse causality did not affect the causal relationship (beta = -0.0244, 95% CI: -0.0545 to 0.0056, P = .11). Genetic predisposition to higher childhood BMI was found to be causally linked to an increased risk of concomitant exotropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiasu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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24
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Fadahunsi N, Petersen J, Metz S, Jakobsen A, Vad Mathiesen C, Silke Buch-Rasmussen A, Kurgan N, Kjærgaard Larsen J, Andersen RC, Topilko T, Svendsen C, Apuschkin M, Skovbjerg G, Hendrik Schmidt J, Houser G, Elgaard Jager S, Bach A, Deshmukh AS, Kilpeläinen TO, Strømgaard K, Madsen KL, Clemmensen C. Targeting postsynaptic glutamate receptor scaffolding proteins PSD-95 and PICK1 for obesity treatment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg2636. [PMID: 38427737 PMCID: PMC10906926 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest a functional role for central glutamate receptor signaling and plasticity in body weight regulation. Here, we use UK Biobank GWAS summary statistics of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) to identify genes encoding proteins known to interact with postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Loci in/near discs large homolog 4 (DLG4) and protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) for BF% and/or BMI. To further evaluate the functional role of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95; gene name: DLG4) and PICK1 in energy homeostasis, we used dimeric PSD-95/disc large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-targeting peptides of PSD-95 and PICK1 to demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PSD-95 and PICK1 induces prolonged weight-lowering effects in obese mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the glutamate receptor scaffolding proteins, PICK1 and PSD-95, are genetically linked to obesity and that pharmacological targeting of their PDZ domains represents a promising therapeutic avenue for sustained weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Metz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Jakobsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberte Silke Buch-Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Kjærgaard Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita C. Andersen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Svendsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Apuschkin
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Skovbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Gubra, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jan Hendrik Schmidt
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grace Houser
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Elgaard Jager
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul S. Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth L. Madsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Qi J, Liu Y, Yan Y, Wang T, Zeng P. Evaluating causal influence of maternal educational attainment on offspring birthweight via observational study and Mendelian randomization analyses. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101587. [PMID: 38229657 PMCID: PMC10790093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although extensive discussions on the influence of maternal educational attainment on offspring birthweight, the conclusion remains controversial, and it is challenging to comprehensively assess the causal association between them. Methods To estimate effect of maternal educational attainment on the birthweight of first child, we first conducted an individual-level analysis with UK Biobank participants of white ancestry (n = 208,162). We then implemented Mendelian randomization (MR) methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW) MR and multivariable MR to assess the causal relation between maternal education and maternal-specific birthweight. Finally, using the UK Biobank parent-offspring trio data (n = 618), we performed a polygenic score based MR to simultaneously adjust for confounding effects of fetal-specific birthweight and paternal educational attainment. We also conducted simulations for power evaluation and sensitivity analyses for horizontal pleiotropy of instruments. Results We observed that birthweight of first child was positively influenced by maternal education, with 7 years of maternal education as the reference, adjusted effect = 44.8 (95%CIs 38.0-51.6, P = 6.15 × 10-38), 54.9 (95%CIs 47.6-62.2, P = 4.21 × 10-128), and 89.4 (95%CIs 82.1-96.7, P = 4.28 × 10-34) for 10, 15 and 20 years of maternal educational attainment, respectively. A causal relation between maternal education and offspring birthweight was revealed by IVW MR (estimated effect = 0.074 for one standard deviation increase in maternal education years, 95%CIs 0.054-0.093, P = 2.56 × 10-13) and by complementary MR methods. This connection was not substantially affected by paternal education or horizontal pleiotropy. Further, we found a positive but insignificant causal association (adjusted effect = 24.0, 95%CIs -150.1-198.1, P = 0.787) between maternal education and offspring birthweight after simultaneously controlling for fetal genome and paternal education; this null causality was largely due to limited power of small sample sizes of parent-offspring trios. Conclusion This study offers supportive evidence for a causal association between maternal education and offspring birthweight, highlighting the significance of enhancing maternal education to prevent low birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Jike Qi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Suzuki K, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Taylor HJ, Yin X, Lorenz KM, Mandla R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Melloni GEM, Kanoni S, Rayner NW, Bocher O, Arruda AL, Sonehara K, Namba S, Lee SSK, Preuss MH, Petty LE, Schroeder P, Vanderwerff B, Kals M, Bragg F, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang W, Yao J, Kim YJ, Graff M, Takeuchi F, Nano J, Lamri A, Nakatochi M, Moon S, Scott RA, Cook JP, Lee JJ, Pan I, Taliun D, Parra EJ, Chai JF, Bielak LF, Tabara Y, Hai Y, Thorleifsson G, Grarup N, Sofer T, Wuttke M, Sarnowski C, Gieger C, Nousome D, Trompet S, Kwak SH, Long J, Sun M, Tong L, Chen WM, Nongmaithem SS, Noordam R, Lim VJY, Tam CHT, Joo YY, Chen CH, Raffield LM, Prins BP, Nicolas A, Yanek LR, Chen G, Brody JA, Kabagambe E, An P, Xiang AH, Choi HS, Cade BE, Tan J, Broadaway KA, Williamson A, Kamali Z, Cui J, Thangam M, Adair LS, Adeyemo A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahluwalia TS, Anand SS, Bertoni A, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Buchanan TA, Burant CF, Butterworth AS, Canouil M, Chan JCN, Chang LC, Chee ML, Chen J, Chen SH, Chen YT, Chen Z, Chuang LM, Cushman M, Danesh J, Das SK, de Silva HJ, Dedoussis G, Dimitrov L, Doumatey AP, Du S, Duan Q, Eckardt KU, Emery LS, Evans DS, Evans MK, Fischer K, Floyd JS, Ford I, Franco OH, Frayling TM, Freedman BI, Genter P, Gerstein HC, Giedraitis V, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gordon-Larsen P, Gross M, Guare LA, Hackinger S, Hakaste L, Han S, Hattersley AT, Herder C, Horikoshi M, Howard AG, Hsueh W, Huang M, Huang W, Hung YJ, Hwang MY, Hwu CM, Ichihara S, Ikram MA, Ingelsson M, Islam MT, Isono M, Jang HM, Jasmine F, Jiang G, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Kamanu FK, Kandeel FR, Kasturiratne A, Katsuya T, Kaur V, Kawaguchi T, Keaton JM, Kho AN, Khor CC, Kibriya MG, Kim DH, Kronenberg F, Kuusisto J, Läll K, Lange LA, Lee KM, Lee MS, Lee NR, Leong A, Li L, Li Y, Li-Gao R, Ligthart S, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu J, Locke AE, Louie T, Luan J, Luk AO, Luo X, Lv J, Lynch JA, Lyssenko V, Maeda S, Mamakou V, Mansuri SR, Matsuda K, Meitinger T, Melander O, Metspalu A, Mo H, Morris AD, Moura FA, Nadler JL, Nalls MA, Nayak U, Ntalla I, Okada Y, Orozco L, Patel SR, Patil S, Pei P, Pereira MA, Peters A, Pirie FJ, Polikowsky HG, Porneala B, Prasad G, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Reiner AP, Roden M, Rohde R, Roll K, Sabanayagam C, Sandow K, Sankareswaran A, Sattar N, Schönherr S, Shahriar M, Shen B, Shi J, Shin DM, Shojima N, Smith JA, So WY, Stančáková A, Steinthorsdottir V, Stilp AM, Strauch K, Taylor KD, Thorand B, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tomlinson B, Tran TC, Tsai FJ, Tuomilehto J, Tusie-Luna T, Udler MS, Valladares-Salgado A, van Dam RM, van Klinken JB, Varma R, Wacher-Rodarte N, Wheeler E, Wickremasinghe AR, van Dijk KW, Witte DR, Yajnik CS, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yoon K, Yu C, Yuan JM, Yusuf S, Zawistowski M, Zhang L, Zheng W, Raffel LJ, Igase M, Ipp E, Redline S, Cho YS, Lind L, Province MA, Fornage M, Hanis CL, Ingelsson E, Zonderman AB, Psaty BM, Wang YX, Rotimi CN, Becker DM, Matsuda F, Liu Y, Yokota M, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Pankow JS, Engert JC, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Wilson JG, Sheu WHH, Wu JY, Hayes MG, Ma RCW, Wong TY, Mook-Kanamori DO, Tuomi T, Chandak GR, Collins FS, Bharadwaj D, Paré G, Sale MM, Ahsan H, Motala AA, Shu XO, Park KS, Jukema JW, Cruz M, Chen YDI, Rich SS, McKean-Cowdin R, Grallert H, Cheng CY, Ghanbari M, Tai ES, Dupuis J, Kato N, Laakso M, Köttgen A, Koh WP, Bowden DW, Palmer CNA, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Liu S, North KE, Saleheen D, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Wareham NJ, Lee J, Kim BJ, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Stefansson K, Ahlqvist E, Goodarzi MO, Mohlke KL, Langenberg C, Haiman CA, Loos RJF, Florez JC, Rader DJ, Ritchie MD, Zöllner S, Mägi R, Marston NA, Ruff CT, van Heel DA, Finer S, Denny JC, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Chambers JC, Ng MCY, Sim X, Below JE, Tsao PS, Chang KM, McCarthy MI, Meigs JB, Mahajan A, Spracklen CN, Mercader JM, Boehnke M, Rotter JI, Vujkovic M, Voight BF, Morris AP, Zeggini E. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. Nature 2024; 627:347-357. [PMID: 38374256 PMCID: PMC10937372 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Suzuki
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henry J Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kim M Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Mandla
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio E M Melloni
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozvan Bocher
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich School for Data Science, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Simon S K Lee
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Schroeder
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mart Kals
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Pan
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Taliun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suraj S Nongmaithem
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bram Peter Prins
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edmond Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Academics, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Division of Biostatistics Research, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jinrui Cui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manonanthini Thangam
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Buchanan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Shyh-Huei Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Behaviour, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swapan K Das
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leslie S Emery
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pauline Genter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena González-Villalpando
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A Guare
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Hackinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | | | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Annie-Green Howard
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mengna Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frederick K Kamanu
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad R Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Varinderpal Kaur
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abel N Kho
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Health Information Partnerships, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soochunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soochunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Symen Ligthart
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea O Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sohail Rafik Mansuri
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Olle Melander
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Huan Mo
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Filipe A Moura
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uma Nayak
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fraser J Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bianca Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Campus, Ghaziabad, India
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katheryn Roll
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alagu Sankareswaran
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinxiu Shi
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Mun Shin
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Shojima
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tam C Tran
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niels Wacher-Rodarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UCI Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon, Japan
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lundquist Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James C Engert
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne H H Sheu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC-Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Francis S Collins
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michèle M Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyong-Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josee Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nicholas A Marston
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian T Ruff
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Finer
- Institute for Population Health Sciences, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London NorthWest Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
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Zhao Z, Yang X, Miao J, Dorn S, Barcellos SH, Fletcher JM, Lu Q. Controlling for polygenic genetic confounding in epidemiologic association studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579913. [PMID: 38405812 PMCID: PMC10888957 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiologic associations estimated from observational data are often confounded by genetics due to pervasive pleiotropy among complex traits. Many studies either neglect genetic confounding altogether or rely on adjusting for polygenic scores (PGS) in regression analysis. In this study, we unveil that the commonly employed PGS approach is inadequate for removing genetic confounding due to measurement error and model misspecification. To tackle this challenge, we introduce PENGUIN, a principled framework for polygenic genetic confounding control based on variance component estimation. In addition, we present extensions of this approach that can estimate genetically-unconfounded associations using GWAS summary statistics alone as input and between multiple generations of study samples. Through simulations, we demonstrate superior statistical properties of PENGUIN compared to the existing approaches. Applying our method to multiple population cohorts, we reveal and remove substantial genetic confounding in the associations of educational attainment with various complex traits and between parental and offspring education. Our results show that PENGUIN is an effective solution for genetic confounding control in observational data analysis with broad applications in future epidemiologic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jiacheng Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Stephen Dorn
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Silvia H. Barcellos
- Center for Economic and Social Research (CESR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason M. Fletcher
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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28
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Diemer EW. The importance of translating genetic partitioning into causal language. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae036. [PMID: 38441195 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Diemer
- CAUSALab, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Vosberg DE, Jurisica I, Pausova Z, Paus T. Intrauterine growth and the tangential expansion of the human cerebral cortex in times of food scarcity and abundance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1205. [PMID: 38350995 PMCID: PMC10864407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tangential growth of the human cerebral cortex is driven by cell proliferation during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Fetal growth peaks in mid-gestation. Here, we explore how genes associated with fetal growth relate to cortical growth. We find that both maternal and fetal genetic variants associated with higher birthweight predict larger cortical surface area. The relative dominance of the maternal vs. fetal variants in these associations show striking variations across birth years (1943 to 1966). The birth-year patterns vary as a function of the epigenetic status near genes differentially methylated in individuals exposed (or not) to famine during the Dutch Winter of 1944/1945. Thus, it appears that the two sets of molecular processes contribute to early cortical development to a different degree in times of food scarcity or its abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Vosberg
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada.
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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30
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Leinonen JT, Pirinen M, Tukiainen T. Disentangling the link between maternal influences on birth weight and disease risk in 36,211 genotyped mother-child pairs. Commun Biol 2024; 7:175. [PMID: 38347176 PMCID: PMC10861556 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have robustly linked lower birth weight to later-life disease risks. These observations may reflect the adverse impact of intrauterine growth restriction on a child's health. However, causal evidence supporting such a mechanism in humans is largely lacking. Using Mendelian Randomization and 36,211 genotyped mother-child pairs from the FinnGen study, we assessed the relationship between intrauterine growth and five common health outcomes (coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, statin use, type 2 diabetes and cancer). We proxied intrauterine growth with polygenic scores for maternal effects on birth weight and took into account the transmission of genetic variants between a mother and a child in the analyses. We find limited evidence for contribution of normal variation in maternally influenced intrauterine growth on later-life disease. Instead, we find support for genetic pleiotropy in the fetal genome linking birth weight to CHD and hypertension. Our study illustrates the opportunities that data from genotyped parent-child pairs from a population-based biobank provides for addressing causality of maternal influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko T Leinonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Ardissino M, Morley AP, Slob EAW, Schuermans A, Rayes B, Raisi-Estabragh Z, de Marvao A, Burgess S, Rogne T, Honigberg MC, Ng FS. Birth weight influences cardiac structure, function, and disease risk: evidence of a causal association. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:443-454. [PMID: 37738114 PMCID: PMC10849320 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low birth weight is a common pregnancy complication, which has been associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic disease in later life. Prior Mendelian randomization (MR) studies exploring this question do not distinguish the mechanistic contributions of variants that directly influence birth weight through the foetal genome (direct foetal effects), vs. variants influencing birth weight indirectly by causing an adverse intrauterine environment (indirect maternal effects). In this study, MR was used to assess whether birth weight, independent of intrauterine influences, is associated with cardiovascular disease risk and measures of adverse cardiac structure and function. METHODS Uncorrelated (r2 < .001), genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) single nucleotide polymorphisms were extracted from genome-wide association studies summary statistics for birth weight overall, and after isolating direct foetal effects only. Inverse-variance weighted MR was utilized for analyses on outcomes of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, and 16 measures of cardiac structure and function. Multiple comparisons were accounted for by Benjamini-Hochberg correction. RESULTS Lower genetically-predicted birth weight, isolating direct foetal effects only, was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.37; P = .031), smaller chamber volumes, and lower stroke volume, but higher contractility. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support a causal role of low birth weight in cardiovascular disease, even after accounting for the influence of the intrauterine environment. This suggests that individuals with a low birth weight may benefit from early targeted cardiovascular disease prevention strategies, independent of whether this was linked to an adverse intrauterine environment during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Ardissino
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Alec P Morley
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric A W Slob
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Art Schuermans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Leuven, Belgium
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bilal Rayes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, UK
| | - Antonio de Marvao
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tormod Rogne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, USA
| | - Michael C Honigberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Flanders, Leuven, Belgium
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Wang G, Warrington NM, Evans DM. Partitioning genetic effects on birthweight at classical human leukocyte antigen loci into maternal and fetal components, using structural equation modelling. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad142. [PMID: 37831898 PMCID: PMC10859143 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region in both maternal and fetal genomes have been robustly associated with birthweight (BW) in previous genetic association studies. However, no study to date has partitioned the association between BW and classical HLA alleles into maternal and fetal components. METHODS We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to estimate the maternal and fetal effects of classical HLA alleles on BW. Our SEM leverages the data structure of the UK Biobank (UKB), which includes ∼270 000 participants' own BW and/or the BW of their firstborn child. RESULTS We show via simulation that our model yields asymptotically unbiased estimates of the maternal and fetal allelic effects on BW and appropriate type I error rates, in contrast to simple regression models. Asymptotic power calculations show that we have sufficient power to detect moderate-sized maternal or fetal allelic effects of common HLA alleles on BW in the UKB. Applying our SEM to imputed classical HLA alleles and own and offspring BW from the UKB replicated the previously reported association at the HLA-C locus and revealed strong evidence for maternal (HLA-A*03:01, B*35:01, B*39:06, P <0.001) and fetal allelic effects (HLA-B*39:06, P <0.001) of non-HLA-C alleles on BW. CONCLUSIONS Our model yields asymptotically unbiased estimates, appropriate type I error rates and appreciable power to estimate maternal and fetal effects on BW. These novel allelic associations between BW and classical HLA alleles provide insight into the immunogenetics of fetal growth in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David M Evans
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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34
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D’Urso S, Moen GH, Hwang LD, Hannigan LJ, Corfield EC, Ask H, Johannson S, Njølstad PR, Beaumont RN, Freathy RM, Evans DM, Havdahl A. Intrauterine Growth and Offspring Neurodevelopmental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:144-156. [PMID: 37878341 PMCID: PMC10600722 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Conventional epidemiological analyses have suggested that lower birth weight is associated with later neurodevelopmental difficulties; however, it is unclear whether this association is causal. Objective To investigate the relationship between intrauterine growth and offspring neurodevelopmental difficulties. Design, Setting, and Participants MoBa is a population-based pregnancy cohort that recruited pregnant women from June 1999 to December 2008 included approximately 114 500 children, 95 200 mothers, and 75 200 fathers. Observational associations between birth weight and neurodevelopmental difficulties were assessed with a conventional epidemiological approach. Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to investigate the potential causal association between maternal allele scores for birth weight and offspring neurodevelopmental difficulties conditional on offspring allele scores. Exposures Birth weight and maternal allele scores for birth weight (derived from genetic variants robustly associated with birth weight) were the exposures in the observational and mendelian randomization analyses, respectively. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinically relevant maternal ratings of offspring neurodevelopmental difficulties at 6 months, 18 months, 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years of age assessing language and motor difficulties, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, social communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Results The conventional epidemiological sample included up to 46 970 offspring, whereas the mendelian randomization sample included up to 44 134 offspring (median offspring birth year, 2005 [range, 1999-2009]; mean [SD] maternal age at birth, 30.1 [4.5] years; mean [SD] paternal age at birth, 32.5 [5.1] years). The conventional epidemiological analyses found evidence that birth weight was negatively associated with several domains at multiple offspring ages (outcome of autism-related trait scores: Social Communication Questionnaire [SCQ]-full at 3 years, β = -0.046 [95% CI, -0.057 to -0.034]; SCQ-Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors subscale at 3 years, β = -0.049 [95% CI, -0.060 to -0.038]; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] trait scores: Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]-ADHD subscale at 18 months, β = -0.035 [95% CI, -0.045 to -0.024]; CBCL-ADHD at 3 years, β = -0.032 [95% CI, -0.043 to -0.021]; CBCL-ADHD at 5 years, β = -0.050 [95% CI, -0.064 to -0.037]; Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders [RS-DBD]-ADHD at 8 years, β = -0.036 [95% CI, -0.049 to -0.023]; RS-DBD-Inattention at 8 years, β = -0.037 [95% CI, -0.050 to -0.024]; RS-DBD-Hyperactive-Impulsive Behavior at 8 years, β = -0.027 [95% CI, -0.040 to -0.014]; Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised [Short Form] at 5 years, β = -0.041 [95% CI, -0.054 to -0.028]; motor scores: Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Motor Difficulty [ASQ-MOTOR] at 18 months, β = -0.025 [95% CI, -0.035 to -0.015]; ASQ-MOTOR at 3 years, β = -0.029 [95% CI, -0.040 to -0.018]; and Child Development Inventory-Gross and Fine Motor Skills at 5 years, β = -0.028 [95% CI, -0.042 to -0.015]). Mendelian randomization analyses did not find any evidence for an association between maternal allele scores for birth weight and offspring neurodevelopmental difficulties. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that the maternal intrauterine environment, as proxied by maternal birth weight genetic variants, is unlikely to be a major determinant of offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D’Urso
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laurie J. Hannigan
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth C. Corfield
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Johannson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Evans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Bjørnsbo KS, Brøns C, Aadahl M, Kampmann FB, Friis Bryde Nielsen C, Lundbergh B, Wibaek R, Kårhus LL, Madsen AL, Hansen CS, Nørgaard K, Jørgensen NR, Suetta C, Kjaer M, Grarup N, Kanters J, Larsen M, Køber L, Kofoed KF, Loos R, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Vaag A. Protocol for the combined cardiometabolic deep phenotyping and registry-based 20-year follow-up study of the Inter99 cohort. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078501. [PMID: 38286704 PMCID: PMC10826573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The population-based Inter99 cohort has contributed extensively to our understanding of effects of a systematic screening and lifestyle intervention, as well as the multifactorial aetiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. To understand causes, trajectories and patterns of early and overt cardiometabolic disease manifestations, we will perform a combined clinical deep phenotyping and registry follow-up study of the now 50-80 years old Inter99 participants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Inter99 cohort comprises individuals aged 30-60 years, who lived in a representative geographical area of greater Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1999. Age-stratified and sex-stratified random subgroups were invited to participate in either a lifestyle intervention (N=13 016) or questionnaires (N=5264), while the rest served as a reference population (N=43 021). Of the 13 016 individuals assigned to the lifestyle intervention group, 6784 (52%) accepted participation in a baseline health examination in 1999, including screening for cardiovascular risk factors and prediabetic conditions. In total, 6004 eligible participants, who participated in the baseline examination, will be invited to participate in the deep phenotyping 20-year follow-up clinical examination including measurements of anthropometry, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, cardiometabolic biomarkers, coronary artery calcification, heart rate variability, heart rhythm, liver stiffness, fundus characteristics, muscle strength and mass, as well as health and lifestyle questionnaires. In a subsample, 10-day monitoring of diet, physical activity and continuous glucose measurements will be performed. Fasting blood, urine and faecal samples to be stored in a biobank. The established database will form the basis of multiple analyses. A main purpose is to investigate whether low birth weight independent of genetics, lifestyle and glucose tolerance predicts later common T2D cardiometabolic comorbidities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, Capital Region, Denmark (H-20076231) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency through the Capital Region of Denmark's registration system (P-2020-1074). Informed consent will be obtained before examinations. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at conferences and via presentations to stakeholders, including patients and public health policymakers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05166447.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Schroll Bjørnsbo
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Bach Kampmann
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Friis Bryde Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Lundbergh
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Line Lund Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Lykke Madsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kanters
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Physiological Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology and Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology and Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Borges MC, Clayton GL, Freathy RM, Felix JF, Fernández-Sanlés A, Soares AG, Kilpi F, Yang Q, McEachan RRC, Richmond RC, Liu X, Skotte L, Irizar A, Hattersley AT, Bodinier B, Scholtens DM, Nohr EA, Bond TA, Hayes MG, West J, Tyrrell J, Wright J, Bouchard L, Murcia M, Bustamante M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Jarvelin MR, Vrijheid M, Perron P, Magnus P, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe WL, Feenstra B, Hivert MF, Sørensen TIA, Håberg SE, Serbert S, Magnus M, Lawlor DA. Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. BMC Med 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38281920 PMCID: PMC10823651 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. METHODS We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.e. multivariable regression, Mendelian randomisation, and paternal negative control analyses), including data from over 400,000 women. RESULTS All three analytical approaches supported associations of higher maternal BMI with lower odds of maternal anaemia, delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby and initiating breastfeeding, but higher odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, pre-labour membrane rupture, induction of labour, caesarean section, large-for-gestational age, high birthweight, low Apgar score at 1 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. For example, higher maternal BMI was associated with higher risk of gestational hypertension in multivariable regression (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.63, 1.70 per standard unit in BMI) and Mendelian randomisation (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83), which was not seen for paternal BMI (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04). Findings did not support a relation between maternal BMI and perinatal depression. For other outcomes, evidence was inconclusive due to inconsistencies across the applied approaches or substantial imprecision in effect estimates from Mendelian randomisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a causal role for maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI on 14 out of 20 adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Pre-conception interventions to support women maintaining a healthy BMI may reduce the burden of obstetric and neonatal complications. FUNDING Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Health Research, Research Council of Norway, Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Gemma L Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tom A Bond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrice Perron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain Serbert
- Center For Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Kim K, Oh SJ, Lee J, Kwon A, Yu CY, Kim S, Choi CH, Kang SB, Kim TO, Park DI, Lee CK. Regulatory Variants on the Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Cluster are Associated with Crohn's Disease and Interact with Regulatory Variants for TAP2. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:47-53. [PMID: 37523193 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] has a complex polygenic aetiology with high heritability. There is ongoing effort to identify novel variants associated with susceptibility to CD through a genome-wide association study [GWAS] in large Korean populations. METHODS Genome-wide variant data from 902 Korean patients with CD and 72 179 controls were used to assess the genetic associations in a meta-analysis with previous Korean GWAS results from 1621 patients with CD and 4419 controls. Epistatic interactions between CD-risk variants of interest were tested using a multivariate logistic regression model with an interaction term. RESULTS We identified two novel genetic associations with the risk of CD near ZBTB38 and within the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor [LILR] gene cluster [p < 5 × 10-8], with highly consistent effect sizes between the two independent Korean cohorts. CD-risk variants in the LILR locus are known quantitative trait loci [QTL] for multiple LILR genes, of which LILRB2 directly interacts with various ligands including MHC class I molecules. The LILR lead variant exhibited a significant epistatic interaction with CD-associated regulatory variants for TAP2 involved in the antigen presentation of MHC class I molecules [p = 4.11 × 10-4], showing higher CD-risk effects of the TAP2 variant in individuals carrying more risk alleles of the LILR lead variant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.941, p = 0.686 in non-carriers; OR = 1.45, p = 2.51 × 10-4 in single-copy carriers; OR = 2.38, p = 2.76 × 10-6 in two-copy carriers). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that genetic variants at two novel susceptibility loci and the epistatic interaction between variants in LILR and TAP2 loci confer a risk of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ju Oh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayeong Kwon
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Yu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wells JCK, Desoye G, Leon DA. Reconsidering the developmental origins of adult disease paradigm: The 'metabolic coordination of childbirth' hypothesis. Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:50-66. [PMID: 38380130 PMCID: PMC10878253 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In uncomplicated pregnancies, birthweight is inversely associated with adult non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. One proposed mechanism is maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. Another explanation is that shared genes link birthweight with NCDs. Both hypotheses are supported, but evolutionary perspectives address only the environmental pathway. We propose that genetic and environmental associations of birthweight with NCD risk reflect coordinated regulatory systems between mother and foetus, that evolved to reduce risks of obstructed labour. First, the foetus must tailor its growth to maternal metabolic signals, as it cannot predict the size of the birth canal from its own genome. Second, we predict that maternal alleles that promote placental nutrient supply have been selected to constrain foetal growth and gestation length when fetally expressed. Conversely, maternal alleles that increase birth canal size have been selected to promote foetal growth and gestation when fetally expressed. Evidence supports these hypotheses. These regulatory mechanisms may have undergone powerful selection as hominin neonates evolved larger size and encephalisation, since every mother is at risk of gestating a baby excessively for her pelvis. Our perspective can explain the inverse association of birthweight with NCD risk across most of the birthweight range: any constraint of birthweight, through plastic or genetic mechanisms, may reduce the capacity for homeostasis and increase NCD susceptibility. However, maternal obesity and diabetes can overwhelm this coordination system, challenging vaginal delivery while increasing offspring NCD risk. We argue that selection on viable vaginal delivery played an over-arching role in shaping the association of birthweight with NCD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - David A Leon
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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39
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Thompson WD, Reynolds RM, Beaumont RN, Warrington NM, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Evans DM, McDonald TJ, Hattersley AH, Freathy RM, Lawlor DA, Borges MC. Maternal plasma cortisol's effect on offspring birth weight: a Mendelian Randomisation study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38225564 PMCID: PMC10789047 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have found evidence that higher maternal circulating cortisol levels in pregnancy are associated with lower offspring birth weight. However, it is possible that the observational associations are due to residual confounding. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomisation (MR) using a single genetic variant (rs9989237) associated with morning plasma cortisol (GWAS; sample 1; N = 25,314). The association between this maternal genetic variant and offspring birth weight, adjusted for fetal genotype, was obtained from the published EGG Consortium and UK Biobank meta-analysis (GWAS; sample 2; N = up to 406,063) and a Wald ratio was used to estimate the causal effect. We also performed an alternative analysis using all GWAS reported cortisol variants that takes account of linkage disequilibrium. We also tested the genetic variant's effect on pregnancy cortisol and performed PheWas to search for potential pleiotropic effects. RESULTS The estimated effect of maternal circulating cortisol on birth weight was a 50 gram (95% CI, -109 to 10) lower birth weight per 1 SD higher log-transformed maternal circulating cortisol levels, using a single variant. The alternative analysis gave similar results (-33 grams (95% CI, -77 to 11)). The effect of the cortisol variant on pregnancy cortisol was 2-fold weaker than in the original GWAS, and evidence was found of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide some evidence that higher maternal morning plasma cortisol causes lower birth weight. Identification of more independent genetic instruments for morning plasma cortisol are necessary to explore the potential bias identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Thompson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
| | - R M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - N M Warrington
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Tyrrell
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T J McDonald
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Academic Department of Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - A H Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - M C Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Huang J, Kee MZL, Law EC, Sum KK, Silveira PP, Godfrey KM, Daniel LM, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Meaney MJ, Huang JY. Parental and child genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation and early-life cognitive development: an Asian and European prospective cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177108 PMCID: PMC10766615 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and glucose metabolism have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, in the metabolically more susceptible Asian populations, it is not clear whether the genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation influences early-life neurodevelopment. In a multi-ethnic Asian prospective cohort study in Singapore (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO)), we constructed child and parental polygenic risk scores (PRS) for glycaemic dysregulation based on the largest genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose among Asians. We found that child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with a lower perceptual reasoning score at ~7 years (β = -0. 141, p-value = 0.024, 95% CI -0. 264 to -0. 018) and a lower WIAT-III mean score at ~9 years (β = -0.222, p-value = 0.001, 95% CI -0.357 to -0.087). This association were consistent in direction among boys and girls. These inverse associations were not influenced by parental PRS and were likely mediated via insulin resistance rather than mediators such as birth weight and childhood body mass index. Higher paternal PRS for HOMA-IR was suggestively associated with lower child perceptual reasoning at ~7 years (β = -0.172, p-value = 0.002, 95% CI -0.280 to -0.064). Replication analysis in a European cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, showed that higher child PRS for fasting glucose was associated with lower verbal IQ score while higher maternal PRS for insulin resistance was associated with lower performance IQ score in their children at ~8.5 years. In summary, our findings suggest that higher child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with lower cognitive scores in both Asian and European replication cohorts. Differential findings between cohorts may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the functions of the genetic structure and ancestry-specific PRS and a more comprehensive investigation of behavioural mediators may help to understand these findings better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK.
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn C Law
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Kei Sum
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lourdes Mary Daniel
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of general practice and primary health care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yinhao Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Rogne T, Gill D, Liew Z, Shi X, Stensrud VH, Nilsen TIL, Burgess S. Mediating Factors in the Association of Maternal Educational Level With Pregnancy Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2351166. [PMID: 38206626 PMCID: PMC10784860 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Lower educational attainment is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but it is unclear which pathways mediate this association. Objective To investigate the association between educational attainment and pregnancy outcomes and the proportion of this association that is mediated through modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants In this 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) cohort study, uncorrelated (R2 < 0.01) single-nucleotide variants (formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with the exposure (P < 5 × 10-8) and mediators and genetic associations with the pregnancy outcomes from genome-wide association studies were extracted. All participants were of European ancestry and were largely from Finland, Iceland, the United Kingdom, or the US. The inverse variance-weighted method was used in the main analysis, and the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger regression were used in sensitivity analyses. In mediation analyses, the direct effect of educational attainment estimated in multivariable MR was compared with the total effect estimated in the main univariable MR analysis. Data were extracted between December 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023. Exposure Genetically estimated educational attainment. The mediators considered were genetically estimated type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and systolic blood pressure. Main Outcomes and Measures Ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and offspring birth weight. Results The analyses included 3 037 499 individuals with data on educational attainment, and those included in studies on pregnancy outcomes ranged from 141 014 for ectopic pregnancy to 270 002 with data on offspring birth weight. Each SD increase in genetically estimated educational attainment (ie, 3.4 years) was associated with an increased birth weight of 42 (95% CI, 28-56) g and an odds ratio ranging from 0.53 (95% CI, 0.46-0.60) for ectopic pregnancy to 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.93) for preeclampsia. The combined proportion of the association that was mediated by the 5 cardiometabolic risk factors ranged from -17% (95% CI, -46% to 26%) for hyperemesis gravidarum to 78% (95% CI, 10%-208%) for preeclampsia. Sensitivity analyses accounting for pleiotropy were consistent with the main analyses. Conclusions and Relevance In this MR cohort study, intervening for type 2 diabetes, body mass index, smoking, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and systolic blood pressure may lead to reductions in several adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with lower levels of education. Such public health interventions would serve to reduce health disparities attributable to social inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod Rogne
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoting Shi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vilde Hatlevoll Stensrud
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zhang X, Reichetzeder C, Liu Y, Hocher JG, Hasan AA, Lin G, Kleuser B, Hu L, Hocher B. Parental sex-dependent effects of either maternal or paternal eNOS deficiency on the offspring's phenotype without transmission of the parental eNOS deficiency to the offspring. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1306178. [PMID: 38169827 PMCID: PMC10758467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1306178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Preclinical animal studies and clinical studies indicate that both maternal as well as paternal genetic alterations/gene defects might affect the phenotype of the next-generation without transmissions of the affected gene. Currently, the question of whether the same genetic defect present in the mother or father leads to a similar phenotype in the offspring remains insufficiently elucidated. Methods: In this head-to-head study, we crossbred female and male mice with heterozygous endothelial eNOS knockout (eNOS+/-) with male and female wild-type (wt) mice, respectively. Subsequently, we compared the phenotype of the resulting wt offspring with that of wt offspring born to parents with no eNOS deficiency. Results: Wt female offspring of mothers with heterozygous eNOS showed elevated liver fat accumulation, while wt male offspring of fathers with heterozygous eNOS exhibited increased fasting insulin, heightened insulin levels after a glucose load, and elevated liver glycogen content. By quantitative mass-spectrometry it was shown that concentrations of six serum metabolites (lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20:3, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:2, phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:1, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:1, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:3, and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:5 (PC ae C42:5) as well as four liver carbon metabolites (fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate and fumarate) were different between wt offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and wt offspring with eNOS+/- fathers. Importantly, fumarate was inversely correlated with the liver fat accumulation in female offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and increased liver glycogen in offspring of both sexes with eNOS+/- fathers. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the gene expression patterns were different between wt offspring with eNOS+/- mothers and those offspring with eNOS+/- fathers. Different gene expression patterns were correlated with different observed phenotypic changes in male/female offspring born to mothers or fathers with a heterozygous eNOS genotype. Conclusion: The identical parental genetic alteration (heterozygous eNOS deficiency), without being passed on to the offspring, results in distinct metabolic, liver phenotype, and gene expression pattern variations depending on whether the genetic alteration originated from the father or the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Liu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann-Georg Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Second Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ahmed A. Hasan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ge Lin
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Hu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- IMD Berlin, Institute of Medical Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
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Kong L, Wang Y, Ye C, Dou C, Liu D, Xu M, Zheng J, Zheng R, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao Z, Lu J, Chen Y, Wang W, Liu R, Bi Y, Wang T, Ning G. Opposite causal effects of birthweight on myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation and the distinct mediating pathways: a Mendelian randomization study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:338. [PMID: 38087288 PMCID: PMC10716951 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have documented an inverse association of birthweight with myocardial infarction (MI) but a positive association with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the causality of these associations and the underlying mediating pathways remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of birthweight, incorporating both fetal and maternal genetic effects, on MI and AF, and identify potential mediators in their respective pathways. METHODS We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using genome-wide association study summary statistics for birthweight (N = 297,356 for own birthweight and 210,248 for offspring birthweight), MI (Ncase=61,000, Ncontrol=577,000), AF (Ncase=60,620, Ncontrol=970,216), and 52 candidate mediators (N = 13,848-1,295,946). Two-step MR was employed to identify and assess the mediation proportion of potential mediators in the associations of birthweight with MI and AF, respectively. As a complement, we replicated analyses for fetal-specific birthweight and maternal-specific birthweight. RESULTS Genetically determined each 1-SD lower birthweight was associated with a 40% (95% CI: 1.22-1.60) higher risk of MI, whereas each 1-SD higher birthweight was causally associated with a 29% (95% CI: 1.16-1.44) higher risk of AF. Cardiometabolic factors, including lipids and lipoproteins, glucose and insulin, blood pressure, and fatty acids, each mediated 4.09-23.71% of the total effect of birthweight on MI, followed by body composition and strength traits (i.e., appendicular lean mass, height, and grip strength) and socioeconomic indicators (i.e., education and household income), with the mediation proportion for each factor ranging from 8.08 to 16.80%. By contrast, appendicular lean mass, height, waist circumference, childhood obesity, and body mass index each mediated 15.03-45.12% of the total effect of birthweight on AF. Both fetal-specific birthweight and maternal-specific birthweight were inversely associated with MI, while only fetal-specific birthweight was positively associated with AF. Psychological well-being and lifestyle factors conferred no mediating effect in either association. CONCLUSIONS Cardiometabolic factors mainly mediated the association between lower birthweight and MI, while body composition and strength traits mediated the association between higher birthweight and AF. These findings provide novel evidence for the distinct pathogenesis of MI and AF and advocate adopting a life-course approach to improving fetal development and subsequent causal mediators to mitigate the prevalence and burden of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rujin 2nd Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Owen DM, Kwon M, Huang X, Nagari A, Nandu T, Kraus WL. Genome-wide identification of transcriptional enhancers during human placental development and association with function, differentiation, and disease†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:965-981. [PMID: 37694817 PMCID: PMC10724456 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a dynamic organ that must perform a remarkable variety of functions during its relatively short existence in order to support a developing fetus. These functions include nutrient delivery, gas exchange, waste removal, hormone production, and immune barrier protection. Proper placenta development and function are critical for healthy pregnancy outcomes, but the underlying genomic regulatory events that control this process remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that mapping sites of transcriptional enhancer activity and associated changes in gene expression across gestation in human placenta tissue would identify genomic loci and predicted transcription factor activity related to critical placenta functions. We used a suite of genomic assays [i.e., RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), Precision run-on-sequencing (PRO-seq), and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq)] and computational pipelines to identify a set of >20 000 enhancers that are active at various time points in gestation. Changes in the activity of these enhancers correlate with changes in gene expression. In addition, some of these enhancers encode risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. We further show that integrating enhancer activity, transcription factor motif analysis, and transcription factor expression can identify distinct sets of transcription factors predicted to be more active either in early pregnancy or at term. Knockdown of selected identified transcription factors in a trophoblast stem cell culture model altered the expression of key placental marker genes. These observations provide a framework for future mechanistic studies of individual enhancer-transcription factor-target gene interactions and have the potential to inform genetic risk prediction for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Owen
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Minjung Kwon
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xuan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Biolcatti CF, Bobbo VC, Solon C, Morari J, Haddad-Tovolli R, Araujo EP, Simoes MR, Velloso LA. Pregnancy Protects against Abnormal Gut Permeability Promoted via the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:5041. [PMID: 38140300 PMCID: PMC10746116 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of large amounts of dietary fats and pregnancy are independent factors that can promote changes in gut permeability and the gut microbiome landscape. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of pregnancy on the regulation of such parameters in females fed a high-fat diet. Here, gut permeability and microbiome landscape were evaluated in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity in pregnancy. The results show that pregnancy protected against the harmful effects of the consumption of a high-fat diet as a disruptor of gut permeability; thus, there was a two-fold reduction in FITC-dextran passage to the bloodstream compared to non-pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet (p < 0.01). This was accompanied by an increased expression of gut barrier-related transcripts, particularly in the ileum. In addition, the beneficial effect of pregnancy on female mice fed the high-fat diet was accompanied by a reduced presence of bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridia, and by increased Lactobacillus murinus in the gut (p < 0.05). Thus, this study advances the understanding of how pregnancy can act during a short window of time, protecting against the harmful effects of the consumption of a high-fat diet by promoting an increased expression of transcripts encoding proteins involved in the regulation of gut permeability, particularly in the ileum, and promoting changes in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio F. Biolcatti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C. Bobbo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Carina Solon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tovolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana P. Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Marcela R. Simoes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil; (C.F.B.); (V.C.B.); (C.S.); (J.M.); (R.H.-T.); (E.P.A.); (M.R.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-894, Brazil
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Tjader NP, Beer AJ, Ramroop J, Tai MC, Ping J, Gandhi T, Dauch C, Neuhausen SL, Ziv E, Sotelo N, Ghanekar S, Meadows O, Paredes M, Gillespie J, Aeilts A, Hampel H, Zheng W, Jia G, Hu Q, Wei L, Liu S, Ambrosone CB, Palmer JR, Carpten JD, Yao S, Stevens P, Ho WK, Pan JW, Fadda P, Huo D, Teo SH, McElroy JP, Toland AE. Association of ESR1 germline variants with TP53 somatic variants in breast tumors in a genome-wide study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299442. [PMID: 38106140 PMCID: PMC10723566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background In breast tumors, somatic mutation frequencies in TP53 and PIK3CA vary by tumor subtype and ancestry. HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a higher frequency of TP53 somatic mutations than other subtypes. PIK3CA mutations are more frequently observed in hormone receptor positive tumors. Emerging data suggest tumor mutation status is associated with germline variants and genetic ancestry. We aimed to identify germline variants that are associated with somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status in breast tumors. Methods A genome-wide association study was conducted using breast cancer mutation status of TP53 and PIK3CA and functional mutation categories including TP53 gain of function (GOF) and loss of function mutations and PIK3CA activating/hotspot mutations. The discovery analysis consisted of 2850 European ancestry women from three datasets. Germline variants showing evidence of association with somatic mutations were selected for validation analyses based on predicted function, allele frequency, and proximity to known cancer genes or risk loci. Candidate variants were assessed for association with mutation status in a multi-ancestry validation study, a Malaysian study, and a study of African American/Black women with TNBC. Results The discovery Germline x Mutation (GxM) association study found five variants associated with one or more TP53 phenotypes with P values <1×10-6, 33 variants associated with one or more TP53 phenotypes with P values <1×10-5, and 44 variants associated with one or more PIK3CA phenotypes with P values <1×10-5. In the multi-ancestry and Malaysian validation studies, germline ESR1 locus variant, rs9383938, was associated with the presence of TP53 mutations overall (P values 6.8×10-5 and 9.8×10-8, respectively) and TP53 GOF mutations (P value 8.4×10-6). Multiple variants showed suggestive evidence of association with PIK3CA mutation status in the validation studies, but none were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions We found evidence that germline variants were associated with TP53 and PIK3CA mutation status in breast cancers. Variants near the estrogen receptor alpha gene, ESR1, were significantly associated with overall TP53 mutations and GOF mutations. Larger multi-ancestry studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if these variants contribute to ancestry-specific differences in mutation frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijole P. Tjader
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abigail J. Beer
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johnny Ramroop
- The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mei-Chee Tai
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Tanish Gandhi
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Medical School, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cara Dauch
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Clinical Trials Office, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- University of California, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Institute for Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nereida Sotelo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shreya Ghanekar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Owen Meadows
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Monica Paredes
- Biomedical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Gillespie
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Guochong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37203
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D. Carpten
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Translational Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Control and Prevention, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weang-Kee Ho
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia
| | - Jia Wern Pan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Paolo Fadda
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Genomics Shared Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Paul McElroy
- The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Sánchez-Soriano C, Pearson ER, Reynolds RM. Associations of offspring birthweight and placental weight with subsequent parental coronary heart disease: survival regression using the walker cohort. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:746-754. [PMID: 38192014 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Low birth weight (BW) is consistently correlated with increased parental risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease, but the links with offspring placental weight (PW) are mostly unexplored. We have investigated the associations between parental coronary heart disease (CHD) and offspring BW and PW using the Walker cohort, a collection of 48,000 birth records from Dundee, Scotland, from the 1950s and 1960s. We linked the medical history of 13,866 mothers and 8,092 fathers to their offspring's records and performed Cox survival analyses modelling maternal and paternal CHD risk by their offspring's BW, PW, and the ratio between both measurements. We identified negative associations between offspring BW and both maternal (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-0.95) and paternal (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-1.00) CHD risk, the stronger maternal correlation being consistent with previous reports. Offspring PW to BW ratio was positively associated with maternal CHD risk (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.21), but the associations with paternal CHD were not significant. These analyses provide additional evidence for intergenerational associations between early growth and parental disease, identifying directionally opposed correlations of maternal CHD with offspring BW and PW, and highlight the importance of the placenta as a determinant of early development and adult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Soriano
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Xie Y, Xue H, Liu Q, Du H, Song S, Wang H, Zhai Y, Hu H, Luo B, Li Z. The association between maternal healthy lifestyle factors during pregnancy and the neonatal anthropometric indicators based on a prospective cohort study. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2023; 32:392-400. [PMID: 38135474 PMCID: PMC11090387 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202312_32(4).0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the associations between a combined healthy lifestyle during the second and third trimesters and offspring anthropometric outcomes in China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN We examined these associations among 548 participants from nine community health centers and three hospitals in the North China cohort. A pregnant women's healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on six lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and gestational weight gain. Anthropometric indicators at birth like birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) were collected, and weight to head circumference ratio (WHC, kg/m), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and Ponderal Index (PI, kg/m3) were calculated. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of HLS during the second and third trimesters on anthropometric outcomes at birth, respectively. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, we found a negative association between second and third-trimester HLS and offspring HC and a positive relationship between second-trimester HLS and BL (p<0.05). Neonates with mothers in the highest HLS tertile had a 5.6% relatively lower HC and 2.3% relatively longer body length than women in the lowest tertile. Each additional unit in third-trimester HLS had an associated decrease in HC by 0.96 cm. None of the associations between HLS and BW, WHC, BMI, and PI of offspring were observed. CONCLUSIONS A healthy lifestyle score may significantly impact offspring head circumference and body length, supporting the important role of healthy lifestyles in improving the health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Central of Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Prov-ince, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongzhen Du
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shiming Song
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yijing Zhai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huanyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Bakulski KM, Blostein F, London SJ. Linking Prenatal Environmental Exposures to Lifetime Health with Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: State-of-the-Science Review and Future Recommendations. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:126001. [PMID: 38048101 PMCID: PMC10695268 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prenatal environment influences lifetime health; epigenetic mechanisms likely predominate. In 2016, the first international consortium paper on cigarette smoking during pregnancy and offspring DNA methylation identified extensive, reproducible exposure signals. This finding raised expectations for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of other exposures. OBJECTIVE We review the current state-of-the-science for DNA methylation associations across prenatal exposures in humans and provide future recommendations. METHODS We reviewed 134 prenatal environmental EWAS of DNA methylation in newborns, focusing on 51 epidemiological studies with meta-analysis or replication testing. Exposures spanned cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, air pollution, dietary factors, psychosocial stress, metals, other chemicals, and other exogenous factors. Of the reproducible DNA methylation signatures, we examined implementation as exposure biomarkers. RESULTS Only 19 (14%) of these prenatal EWAS were conducted in cohorts of 1,000 or more individuals, reflecting the still early stage of the field. To date, the largest perinatal EWAS sample size was 6,685 participants. For comparison, the most recent genome-wide association study for birth weight included more than 300,000 individuals. Replication, at some level, was successful with exposures to cigarette smoking, folate, dietary glycemic index, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μ m and < 2.5 μ m , nitrogen dioxide, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, electronic waste, PFAS, and DDT. Reproducible effects of a more limited set of prenatal exposures (smoking, folate) enabled robust methylation biomarker creation. DISCUSSION Current evidence demonstrates the scientific premise for reproducible DNA methylation exposure signatures. Better powered EWAS could identify signatures across many exposures and enable comprehensive biomarker development. Whether methylation biomarkers of exposures themselves cause health effects remains unclear. We expect that larger EWAS with enhanced coverage of epigenome and exposome, along with improved single-cell technologies and evolving methods for integrative multi-omics analyses and causal inference, will expand mechanistic understanding of causal links between environmental exposures, the epigenome, and health outcomes throughout the life course. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12956.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freida Blostein
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie J. London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Lin S, Shen R, Huang J, Liu Y, Li H, Xu Q. Identification of genomic-wide genetic links between cutaneous melanoma and obesity-related physical traits via cFDR. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:1549-1562. [PMID: 37768517 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested the comorbidity between cutaneous melanoma (CM) and obesity-related physical traits. However, it remains unclear about their shared genetic architecture. OBJECTIVE To determine the shared genetic architecture between CM and obesity-related physical traits through conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) analysis. METHOD Quantile-quantile plots were firstly built to assess the pleiotropic enrichment of shared single nucleotide polymorphisms between CM and each trait. Then, cFDR and conjunctional cFDR (ccFDR) were used to identify the shared risk loci between CM and each trait. Moreover, the functional evaluation of shared risk genes was carried out through analyses of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology, respectively. Finally, single-cell sequence analysis was performed to locate the expression of eQTL-mapped genes in tissues. RESULTS Successive pleiotropic enrichment was found between CM and 5 obesity-related traits or height. 24 shared risk loci were identified between CM and 13 traits except appendicular lean mass using ccFDR analysis, with 17 novel and 4 validated loci. The functions of ccFDR-identified and eQTL-mapped genes were revealed to be mainly involved in cellular senescence, proliferation, meiotic nuclear division, cell cycle, and the metabolism of lipid, cholesterol and glucose. Single-cell sequence analysis showed that keratinocytes contribute to the occurrence and aggressiveness of CM through secreting paracrine cytokines. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the significant genetic correlation between CM and obesity-related physical traits, which may provide a novel genetical basis for the pathogenesis and treatment of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Lin
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runnan Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqian Huang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhan Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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