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Wang P, Huang J, Xue F, Abuduaini M, Tao Y, Liu H. Associations of serum vitamin B6 status with the risks of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality in the elderly. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354958. [PMID: 38698865 PMCID: PMC11064647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are few studies investigating the relationship between serum vitamin B6 and mortality risk in the elderly. This study hereby evaluated the associations between biomarkers of serum vitamin B6 status and cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality risks in the elderly. Methods Our study included a total of 4,881 participants aged 60 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010. Serum vitamin B6 status was estimated based on levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), and vitamin B6 turnover rate (4-PA/PLP) detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Survival status and corresponding causes of death were matched through the National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression model was adopted to assess the relationships between serum vitamin B6 status and the risk of mortality. Results During a median follow-up period of 10.33 years, 507 cardiovascular deaths, 426 cancer deaths, and 1995 all-cause deaths were recorded, respectively. In the multivariate-adjusted Cox model, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest quartiles of PLP, 4-PA, and 4-PA/PLP were 0.70(0.54-0.90), 1.33(0.88-2.02), and 2.01(1.41-2.79) for cardiovascular mortality, 0.73(0.52-1.02), 1.05(0.71-1.57), and 1.95(1.25-3.05) for cancer mortality, and 0.62(0.53-0.74), 1.05(0.82-1.34), and 2.29(1.87-2.79) for all-cause mortality, respectively. Conclusion Our study found that lower serum PLP levels were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among the elderly population. And higher vitamin B6 turnover rate was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxi Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Munire Abuduaini
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Grivat B, Marques-Vidal P, Kraege V. Vitamin supplements: Are they associated with immune status? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:102-108. [PMID: 38479896 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamins are essential nutrients, taken in very small amounts (0.01-100 mg a day). Associations between vitamin supplement intake or status and the immune system are far from consensual. Our aim was to understand the association between vitamin supplements and the immune system, namely regarding lymphocyte count and immunoglobulin levels against infectious pathogens. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the first follow-up of the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (April 2009 to September 2012). Participants were categorized as vitamin users and non-users. Serostatus for 15 viruses, six bacteria, and one parasite was assessed. Data for inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and blood elements were also collected. RESULTS Of the initial 5064 participants, 3769 (74.5 %, mean age 58.3 ± 10.5 years, 53.6 % women) were retained for serostatus. On bivariate analysis, participants taking vitamins presented with higher positivity levels in three markers and lower positivity levels in two, but those differences were no longer statistically significant after multivariable analysis. 4489 participants (88.6 %, mean age 57.7 ± 10.5 years, 53.2 % women) had data for inflammatory markers; no association was found between vitamin supplement use and inflammatory markers both on bivariate and multivariable analysis. Finally, 3349 participants (66.1 %, mean age 57.3 ± 10.3 years, 53.1 % women) had data for blood elements; on bivariate analysis, vitamin supplement users had lower levels of haemoglobin and lymphocytes, but those differences were no longer significant after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional, population-based study, we found no association between vitamin supplement use and markers of immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bazil Grivat
- Kantonsschule Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Kraege
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Directorate, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Switzerland; Innovation and Clinical Research Directorate, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Chu V, Fascetti AJ, Larsen JA, Montano M, Giulivi C. Factors influencing vitamin B6 status in domestic cats: age, disease, and body condition score. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2037. [PMID: 38263201 PMCID: PMC10806207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Limited studies are available on vitamin B6 status in domestic cats. To this end, we evaluated glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity in hemolysates with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition in two feline populations: a cohort of 60 healthy, domestic (sexually intact and specific pathogen-free) cats maintained under strictly controlled conditions with appropriate diets housed at the Feline Nutrition and Pet Care Center, and a cohort of 57 cats randomly selected between December 2022 to January 2023 that visited the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital to seek care under different circumstances. The GOT activity expressed as the ratio with and without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate addition (primary activation ratio; PAR) decreased significantly with age in the healthy cohort. The PAR values normalized to age established a cut-off for vitamin B6 deficiency in both cohorts, identifying 17 of 101 animals as vitamin B6 deficient. Using machine learning, a partition-based model (decision tree) was built to identify the most important factors that predicted vitamin B6 deficiency while using the resulting tree to make predictions for new observations. This analysis, performed with all 101 cats, revealed that the diagnosis of an infectious, chronic or acute condition (0.55) was the main contributor, followed by age (0.26), and body condition score (optimal-overweight; 0.19). Thus, our study supports that vitamin B6 supplementation may be indicated in junior to adult animals diagnosed with an infectious, chronic, or acute conditions or healthy cats with body weight ranging from optimal to overweight. In older cats, even if healthy, underweight to optimal cats appear to be at risk of vitamin B6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Chu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Montano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDH, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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He C, Wang D, Shukla SK, Hu T, Thakur R, Fu X, King RJ, Kollala SS, Attri KS, Murthy D, Chaika NV, Fujii Y, Gonzalez D, Pacheco CG, Qiu Y, Singh PK, Locasale JW, Mehla K. Vitamin B6 Competition in the Tumor Microenvironment Hampers Antitumor Functions of NK Cells. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:176-193. [PMID: 37931287 PMCID: PMC10784745 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional factors play crucial roles in immune responses. The tumor-caused nutritional deficiencies are known to affect antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can suppress NK-cell cytotoxicity by restricting the accessibility of vitamin B6 (VB6). PDAC cells actively consume VB6 to support one-carbon metabolism, and thus tumor cell growth, causing VB6 deprivation in the tumor microenvironment. In comparison, NK cells require VB6 for intracellular glycogen breakdown, which serves as a critical energy source for NK-cell activation. VB6 supplementation in combination with one-carbon metabolism blockage effectively diminishes tumor burden in vivo. Our results expand the understanding of the critical role of micronutrients in regulating cancer progression and antitumor immunity, and open new avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies against PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE The nutrient competition among the different tumor microenvironment components drives tumor growth, immune tolerance, and therapeutic resistance. PDAC cells demand a high amount of VB6, thus competitively causing NK-cell dysfunction. Supplying VB6 with blocking VB6-dependent one-carbon metabolism amplifies the NK-cell antitumor immunity and inhibits tumor growth in PDAC models. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo He
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surendra K. Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tuo Hu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Xiao Fu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ryan J. King
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kuldeep S. Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nina V. Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daisy Gonzalez
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Camila G. Pacheco
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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5
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Alsaeedi A, Welham S, Rose P. Impact of lifestyle factors on dietary vitamin B 6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level in UK adults: National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS) (2008-2017). Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1403-1415. [PMID: 36789783 PMCID: PMC10511679 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in dietary vitamin B6 intake is associated with an increased relative risk of diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and cognitive dysfunction. The current research has assessed vitamin B6 intakes and PLP concentrations as a marker of vitamin B6 status among the UK adult (≥ 19 years) population. This study was carried out using a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (NDNS) (2008-2017). The impacts of lifestyle factors, including type of diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and commonly used medications grouped by therapeutic usage, were determined, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS®. Results are expressed as medians (25th-75th percentiles), with P values ≤ 0·05 considered statistically significant. Among UK adults, the median intakes of total population of dietary vitamin B6 met the reference nutrient intake and median plasma PLP concentrations were above the cut-off of vitamin B6 deficiency; however, we found an association between reduction in vitamin B6 intake and plasma PLP concentration and age group (P < 0·001). Smokers had significantly lower plasma PLP concentrations than non-smokers (P < 0·001). Moreover, regression analysis showed some commonly used medications were associated with plasma PLP levels reduction (P < 0·05). Taken together, we report on a tendency for dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma PLP concentrations to decrease with age and lifestyle factors such as smoking and medication usage. This information could have important implications for smokers and in the elderly population using multiple medications (polypharmacy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Alsaeedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Simon Welham
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Peter Rose
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RD, UK
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6
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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7
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Yang JW, Wan S, Li KP, Chen SY, Yang L. Gut and urinary microbiota: the causes and potential treatment measures of renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188520. [PMID: 37441065 PMCID: PMC10333567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of various cancers. Recent research on the urinary microbiota challenges the long-standing belief that urine is sterile, as urinary microbiota has been implicated in the development of bladder and prostate cancers, similar to the role of gut microbiota in cancer development. Although the precise involvement of microbiota in the proliferation and differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear, dysbiosis is considered one possible mechanism by which microbiota may contribute to RCC development and treatment. This review summarizes potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota may contribute to the development of RCC, and provides evidence for the involvement of urinary microbiota in RCC. We also explore the role of gut microbiota in RCC treatment and propose that the composition of gut microbiota could serve as a predictive marker for the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in RCC patients. Additionally, evidence suggests that modulating the abundance and distribution of microbiota can enhance the therapeutic effects of drugs, suggesting that microbiota may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for RCC. Overall, we believe that further investigation into the gut and urinary microbiome of RCC patients could yield valuable insights and strategies for the prevention and personalized treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Hashemi R, Montazer M, Salehi Z, Azadbakht L. Association of Recent and Long-Term Supplement Intakes With Laboratory Indices in Patients With COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran, During 2020. Front Nutr 2022; 9:834826. [PMID: 35734376 PMCID: PMC9207418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies observed the relationship between individual dietary supplements and enhancing body resistance against viruses, few studies have been conducted regarding the role of different supplements in treatment of COVID-19. This article aims to determine the association of recent and long-term supplement consumption on the biochemical indices and impatient duration among patients with COVID-19. Methods In this cross-sectional study on 300 adult men and women with COVID-19, recent and long-term supplement intakes were investigated by using a questionnaire. In addition, lifestyle was also assessed in aspects of fruits and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sleeping duration, fluid intake, and smoking status. Furthermore, the laboratory and paraclinical parameters were obtained from medical records. The relationship between supplement intake with the length of hospitalization and clinical laboratory tests was investigated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Those patients with supplement intake in the last 2 months had a significantly lower amount of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (31.31 ± 13.87 vs. 37.57 ± 19.77 mg/dL, P: 0.002) and higher serum 25(OH)D (28.13 ± 14.09 vs. 23.81 ± 13.55 ng/mL, P: 0.03). Subjects with long-term supplement intake had a significantly lower invasive oxygen support (0.00 vs 5.10 %, P: 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (498.11 ± 221.43 vs. 576.21 ± 239.84 U/L, P: 0.02), fewer days of fever (0.49 ± 3.54 vs. 2.64 ± 9.21, P: 0.02), and higher serum 25(OH)D (31.03 ± 13.20 vs. 22.29± 13.42 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The length of hospital stay was practically the same between groups who received and did not receive supplementation during the 2 months prior to hospitalization (6.36 ± 3.32 vs. 6.71 ± 4.33 days, P: 0.004). Similarly, people who took supplements during the past year had practically similar hospitalization lengths (6.29 ± 4.13 vs. 6.74 ± 3.55 days, P: 0.004). Conclusion In conclusion, although practically the length of hospital stay was the same in both groups of supplement consumers and others, immune-boosting supplements were associated with improved several laboratory indices. However, due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, further longitudinal studies seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Montazer
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Leila Azadbakht
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9
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Mahwish, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Hussain M, Imran M, Nawaz T, Siddeeg A. Dietary guidelines to boost immunity during pre and post covid-19 conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish
- Institute of Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Food, nutrition and lifestyle Unit, King Fahed Medical Research Center, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of food science and technology, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
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10
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Bargiela D, Cunha PP, Veliça P, Foskolou IP, Barbieri L, Rundqvist H, Johnson RS. Vitamin B6 Metabolism Determines T Cell Anti-Tumor Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837669. [PMID: 35251031 PMCID: PMC8891565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting T cell metabolism is an established method of immunomodulation. Following activation, T cells engage distinct metabolic programs leading to the uptake and processing of nutrients that determine cell proliferation and differentiation. Redirection of T cell fate by modulation of these metabolic programs has been shown to boost or suppress immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Using publicly available T cell transcriptomic and proteomic datasets we identified vitamin B6-dependent transaminases as key metabolic enzymes driving T cell activation and differentiation. Inhibition of vitamin B6 metabolism using the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) inhibitor, aminoxyacetic acid (AOA), suppresses CD8+ T cell proliferation and effector differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. We show that pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase (PDXP), a negative regulator of intracellular vitamin B6 levels, is under the control of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF1), a central driver of T cell metabolism. Furthermore, by adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells into a C57BL/6 mouse melanoma model, we demonstrate the requirement for vitamin B6-dependent enzyme activity in mediating effective anti-tumor responses. Our findings show that vitamin B6 metabolism is required for CD8+ T cell proliferation and effector differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Targeting vitamin B6 metabolism may therefore serve as an immunodulatory strategy to improve anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bargiela
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro P. Cunha
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Veliça
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iosifina P. Foskolou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Barbieri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Randall S. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Beigmohammadi MT, Bitarafan S, Hoseindokht A, Abdollahi A, Amoozadeh L, Soltani D. The effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E on disease severity and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:802. [PMID: 34776002 PMCID: PMC8590866 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Because of the effect of vitamins on modulating the immune system function, we have evaluated the effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19. METHODS This study was a randomized and single-blinded clinical trial in which 60 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group (n=30) received vitamins, and the control group did not receive any vitamin or placebo. The intervention was included 25,000 IU daily of vitamins A, 600,000 IU once during the study of D, 300 IU twice daily of E, 500 mg four times daily of C, and one amp daily of B complex for 7 days. At baseline and after the 7-day intervention, the serum levels of inflammatory markers, vitamins, and the SOFA score were assessed. In addition, the mortality rate and duration of hospitalization were evaluated after the intervention (IRCT registration number: IRCT20200319046819N1/registration date: 2020-04-04, https://www.irct.ir/trial/46838 ). RESULTS Significant changes were detected in serum levels of vitamins (p < 0.001 for all vitamins), ESR (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.001), IL6 (p = 0.003), TNF-a (p = 0.001), and SOFA score (p < 0.001) after intervention compared with the control group. The effect of vitamins on the mortality rate was not statistically significant (p=0.112). The prolonged hospitalization rate to more than 7 days was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p=0.001). Regarding the effect size, there was a significant and inverse association between receiving the intervention and prolonged hospitalization (OR = 0.135, 95% CI 0.038-0.481; p=0.002); however, after adjusting for confounders, it was not significant (OR=0.402, 95% CI 0.086-1.883; p=0.247). CONCLUSION Supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E could improve the inflammatory response and decrease the severity of disease in ICU-admitted patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Bitarafan
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- FHMS Clinic, Burnaby Hospital, Neurology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Azin Hoseindokht
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Amoozadeh
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danesh Soltani
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Rong A, Franco-Garcia E, Zhou C, Heng M, Akeju O, Azocar RJ, Quraishi SA. Association of nutrition status and hospital-acquired infections in older adult orthopedic trauma patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:69-74. [PMID: 33660849 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is linked to suboptimal outcomes following elective surgery. Trauma patients do not typically have an opportunity for preoperative nutrition optimization and may be at risk for malnutrition. Our goal was to investigate whether nutrition status is associated with development of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data between January 1, 2017, and August 30, 2018, from the Massachusetts General Hospital Geriatric Inpatient Fracture Trauma Service. Admission nutrition status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and HAIs were validated through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. To investigate whether nutrition status is associated with HAIs, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, glomerular filtration rate, and type of anesthesia. RESULTS Four hundred sixty-one patients comprised the analytic cohort. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that each unit increment in MNA score was associated with a 13% reduction in risk of HAI (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97). Furthermore, adjusting for timing of perioperative antibiotics, perioperative transfusions, or development of pressure injury during hospitalization did not materially change these results. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that malnutrition is highly prevalent in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients and that nutrition status may influence the risk of developing HAIs in this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether optimizing perioperative nutrition in older adult, orthopedic trauma patients can reduce infectious complications and improve overall health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Rong
- School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esteban Franco-Garcia
- Department of Geriatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn Heng
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Akeju
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruben J Azocar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sadeq A Quraishi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Zheng X, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. The regulatory effects of pyridoxine deficiency on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) gill barriers immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant, and tight junction challenged with Flavobacterium columnar. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:209-223. [PMID: 32707298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on the gill immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant and tight junction of grass cap (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated in this study. Fish were fed semi-purified diets containing graded levels of PN for 10 weeks, and then challenged with Flavobacterium columnare by bath immersion exposure for 3 days. The results indicated that compared with the optimal PN level, PN deficiency resulted in a decline in the antimicrobial compound production of gill. In addition, PN deficiency up-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines gene expression, which might be associated with the enhanced nuclear factor κB p65 and the inhibited target of rapamycin signalling pathways, respectively, suggesting that PN deficiency could impair gill immune barrier function. Furthermore, PN deficiency (1) induced cell apoptosis, which may be partly associated with the (apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein)/caspase-9 and c-Rel/tumor necrosis factor α (rather than FasL)/caspase-8 mediated apoptosis pathway. (2) Inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a/NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA expression, decreased the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde. (3) Increased the mRNA expression level of myosin light chain kinase, which may be result in the down-regulation of tight junction complexes such as zonula occludens 1, occludin and claudins (expect claudin-12 and claudin-15). These results suggest that PN deficiency could impair gill physical barrier function. In summary, dietary PN deficiency could cause the impairment of gill barrier function associated with immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant and tight junction, which may result in the increased the susceptibility of fish to pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, based on the gill rot morbidity, LZ activity and MDA content, the dietary PN requirements for grass cap were estimated to be 4.85, 4.78 and 4.77 mg kg-1 diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Chaari A, Bendriss G, Zakaria D, McVeigh C. Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response. Front Public Health 2020; 8:476. [PMID: 32984253 PMCID: PMC7481450 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Chaari
- Premedical Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Frias-Toral E, Laudisio D, Pugliese G, Castellucci B, Garcia-Velasquez E, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutrition and immune system: from the Mediterranean diet to dietary supplementary through the microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3066-3090. [PMID: 32691606 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1792826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between nutrition and the immune system is very complex. In particular, at every stage of the immune response, specific micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals play a key role and often synergistic, and the deficiency of only one essential nutrient may impair immunity. An individual's overall nutrition status and pattern of dietary intake (comprised of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds and food) and any supplementation with nutraceuticals including vitamins and minerals, can influence positively or negatively the function of the immune system. This influence can occur at various levels from the innate immune system and adaptive immune system to the microbiome. Although there are conflicting evidence, the current results point out that dietary supplementation with some nutrients such as vitamin D and zinc may modulate immune function. An update on the complex relationship between nutrition, diet, and the immune system through gut microbiota is the aim of this current review. Indeed, we will provide the overview of the link among immune function, nutrition and gut microbiota, paying particular attention at the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the immune system, and finally we will speculate the possible role of the main one functional supplements on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Castellucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile," University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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16
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Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1562. [PMID: 32471251 PMCID: PMC7352291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Trubetskay Str. 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Dingeo
- Independent Researcher, Val de Marne, 94999 Paris, France;
| | - Sofia Sosa Fernandez Del Campo
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
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17
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Ruan W, Engevik MA, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Healthy Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Composition and Function After a Decade of Exploration. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:695-705. [PMID: 32067143 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains communities of microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that vary by anatomic location and impact human health. Microbial communities differ in composition based on age, diet, and location in the gastrointestinal tract. Differences in microbial composition have been associated with chronic disease states. In terms of function, microbial metabolites provide key signals that help maintain healthy human physiology. Alterations of the healthy gastrointestinal microbiome have been linked to the development of various disease states including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and colorectal cancer. While the definition of a healthy GI microbiome cannot be precisely identified, features of a healthy gut microbiome include relatively greater biodiversity and relative abundances of specific phyla and genera. Microbes with desirable functional profiles for the human host have been identified, in addition to specific metabolic features of the microbiome. This article reviews the composition and function of the healthy human GI microbiome, including the relative abundances of different bacterial taxa and the specific metabolic pathways and classes of microbial metabolites contributing to human health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates St., Feigin Tower Suite 830, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients 2020; 12:E236. [PMID: 31963293 PMCID: PMC7019735 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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19
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The relationship between plasma albumin, alkaline phosphatase and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in plasma and red cells: Implications for assessing vitamin B6 status. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2824-2831. [PMID: 31883613 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of most vitamins decrease as part of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Thus low plasma values do not necessarily indicate deficiency. Vitamin B6 status is usually assessed by measurement of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in plasma, although vitamin concentrations in blood cells tend to be better markers of cellular stores. In health, plasma PLP appears to be determined primarily by intake, its binding to albumin, and its hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase (ALP). OBJECTIVE To examine, using in vitro studies, the effect of albumin concentration and ALP activity on PLP concentration in plasma and red blood cells of healthy subjects (HS) and critically ill patients (CI). DESIGN Heparin and EDTA (ALP inhibited) whole blood samples from HS (n = 8) and CI (n = 26) were incubated with PLP. Concentration of PLP in plasma and red cells was measured. Albumin and ALP levels were determined in plasma. RESULTS In PLP incubated heparin samples, there was a strong direct relationship between albumin in the concentration range 10-44 g/L and increase in plasma PLP concentration (rs = 0.93, P < 0.001) and an inverse relationship with increase in red cell PLP concentration (rs = -0.90, P < 0.001). In contrast, ALP activity was inversely associated with increase in plasma PLP concentration (rs = -0.42; P = 0.013) and directly associated with red cell PLP concentration (rs = 0.49; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Plasma albumin concentration and to a lesser extent ALP activity influences PLP concentration in plasma and red cells. In conditions associated with low albumin (e.g. SIR) or altered ALP activity, red cell PLP measurements are more likely to be reliable than plasma measurements in differentiating true from apparent vitamin B6 deficiency and to guide vitamin B6 supplementation.
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20
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Vitamin B 6 improves blood parameters in rats fed a protein-deficient diet and subjected to moderate, long-term exercise. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:23-32. [PMID: 31114433 PMCID: PMC6526596 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.83266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is necessary for many enzymatic pathways (glucose and lipid metabolism, DNA/RNA synthesis, or modulation of gene expression) and affects immune cell function and blood-forming processes. We hypothesised that supplementing a protein-deficient diet with vitamin B6 may reduce the negative impact of protein malnutrition. Here, we evaluated the effect of moderate, long-term exercise (ninety days) on selected blood parameters in rats fed a normal diet, a protein-deficient diet, or a protein-deficient diet supplemented with vitamin B6. Selected haematological, immunological, and biochemical parameters were examined. A protein-deficient diet lasting 90 days caused significant reduction in body mass, increased activity of aminotransferases (asparagine and alanine), an increased percentage of innate cells in the blood, and decreased haemoglobin concentration in the blood. Adding vitamin B6 significantly increased body and muscle mass, decreased liver parameters, and caused normalisation of haemoglobin concentration and the proportion of white blood cells in the blood. These results indicate that vitamin B6 supplementation significantly improves the health of protein-malnourished rats and paves the way for the development of novel anti-malnutrition therapies.
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21
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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Lewicki S, Leśniak M, Bertrandt J, Kalicki B, Kubiak JZ, Lewicka A. The long-term effect of a protein-deficient-diet enriched with vitamin B6 on the blood parameters in unexercised and exercised rats. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1439900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Leśniak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bertrandt
- Department of Hygiene and Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bolesław Kalicki
- Paediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculté de Medecine, CNRS UMR 6290, IGDR, Université Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in neonatal rats receiving hyperoxia therapy. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1086-1096. [PMID: 29976401 PMCID: PMC9303020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia is often used in the treatment of neonates. However, protracted use of hyper-oxia leads to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in neonatal rats undergoing hyperoxia therapy. The study consisted of 2 parts: a survival study and a vitamin B-6 efficacy study for 16 days. Neonatal rats were randomly divided into either the control group, B-6 group (subcutaneously injected with 90 mg/kg/d of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate [PLP]), O2 group (treated with 85% oxygen), or O2 + B-6 group (simultaneously treated with 85% oxygen and 90 mg/kg/d PLP). After the survival study was done, the vitamin B-6 efficacy study was performed with duplicate neonatal rats sacrificed on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 16th day. Serum inflammatory cytokines, tissue pathology, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. In the survival study, the survival rate of neonatal rats in the control, B-6, O2, and O2 + B-6 group on the 16th day were 100%, 100%, 25%, and 62.50%, respectively. The efficacy study showed lung polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) and macrophage infiltration, increased liver hemopoiesis, and higher MDA levels in liver homogenates at days 3 through 16 in the O2 group. Vitamin B-6 supplementation considerably increased serum inflammatory cytokines in either the 6th or 9th day and decreased liver MDA level before the 6th day. These results indicate that neonatal rats receiving hyperoxia treatment suffered divergent serum inflammatory responses and were in increased liver oxidative stress. Vitamin B-6 supplementation seemed to improve survival rates, change systemic inflammatory response, and decrease liver oxidative stress while neonatal rats were under hyperoxia treatment.
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Kim HJ, Kim D, Lee M, Jang A. Anti-inflammatory effect of dietary pork extract on proliferation and cytokine secretion using mouse primary splenocytes. Food Res Int 2017; 102:710-716. [PMID: 29196004 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of boiled pork meat (BPM) and hot water extracts of pork meat (WPM) on splenocyte proliferation and T cell cytokine regulation in BALB/c mice were evaluated. The proliferation of splenocytes in high concentration WPM groups was significantly higher than the control stimulated by LPS and Con A. In the white blood cells, WPM groups had significantly higher counts of lymphocytes and lower counts of neutrophils than the control (p<0.05). The Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in high-concentration WPM groups were higher than those in the control. In addition, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-2/IL-4 secretions of splenocytes in the high concentration WPM group with LPS or Con A treatment was significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). Therefore, this study suggested that high concentration of WPM had anti-inflammatory effects on the primary splenocyte, which indicating that water extracts of pork meat can enhance the immune system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mooha Lee
- The Korean Academy of Science & Technology, Seongnam 13630, Republic of Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Animal Products and Food Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Zheng X, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Dietary pyridoxine deficiency reduced growth performance and impaired intestinal immune function associated with TOR and NF-κB signalling of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:682-700. [PMID: 28951222 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) deficiency on growth performance, intestinal immune function and the potential regulation mechanisms in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of PN (0.12-7.48 mg/kg) for 70 days. After that, a challenge test was conducted by infection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that compared with the optimal PN level, PN deficiency: (1) reduced the production of innate immune components such as lysozyme (LZ), acid phosphatase (ACP), complements and antimicrobial peptides and adaptive immune components such as immunoglobulins in three intestinal segments of young grass carp (P < 0.05); (2) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin 4/13A (IL-4/13A) (rather than IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 partly relating to target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling [TOR/ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 (S6K1) and eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP)] in three intestinal segments of young grass carp; (3) up-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [not in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI)], IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15 and IL-17D [(rather than interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2)] partly relating to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling [IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and IKKγ/inhibitor of κBα (IκBα)/NF-κB (p65 and c-Rel)] in three intestinal segments of young grass carp. These results suggest that PN deficiency could impair the intestinal immune function, and the potential regulation mechanisms were partly associated with TOR and NF-κB signalling pathways. In addition, based on percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against enteritis and LZ activity, the dietary PN requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 4.43, 4.75 and 5.07 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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26
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Dao DT, Anez-Bustillos L, Cho BS, Li Z, Puder M, Gura KM. Assessment of Micronutrient Status in Critically Ill Children: Challenges and Opportunities. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111185. [PMID: 29143766 PMCID: PMC5707657 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients refer to a group of organic vitamins and inorganic trace elements that serve many functions in metabolism. Assessment of micronutrient status in critically ill children is challenging due to many complicating factors, such as evolving metabolic demands, immature organ function, and varying methods of feeding that affect nutritional dietary intake. Determination of micronutrient status, especially in children, usually relies on a combination of biomarkers, with only a few having been established as a gold standard. Almost all micronutrients display a decrease in their serum levels in critically ill children, resulting in an increased risk of deficiency in this setting. While vitamin D deficiency is a well-known phenomenon in critical illness and can predict a higher need for intensive care, serum concentrations of many trace elements such as iron, zinc, and selenium decrease as a result of tissue redistribution in response to systemic inflammation. Despite a decrease in their levels, supplementation of micronutrients during times of severe illness has not demonstrated clear benefits in either survival advantage or reduction of adverse outcomes. For many micronutrients, the lack of large and randomized studies remains a major hindrance to critically evaluating their status and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T Dao
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bennet S Cho
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhilling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Mark Puder
- Department of Surgery and Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy and the Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Engevik MA, Versalovic J. Biochemical Features of Beneficial Microbes: Foundations for Therapeutic Microbiology. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0012-2016. [PMID: 28984235 PMCID: PMC5873327 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0012-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal and beneficial microbes secrete myriad products which target the mammalian host and other microbes. These secreted substances aid in bacterial niche development, and select compounds beneficially modulate the host and promote health. Microbes produce unique compounds which can serve as signaling factors to the host, such as biogenic amine neuromodulators, or quorum-sensing molecules to facilitate inter-bacterial communication. Bacterial metabolites can also participate in functional enhancement of host metabolic capabilities, immunoregulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function. Secreted products such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, and bacteriocin-like substances can also target the microbiome. Microbes differ greatly in their metabolic potential and subsequent host effects. As a result, knowledge about microbial metabolites will facilitate selection of next-generation probiotics and therapeutic compounds derived from the mammalian microbiome. In this article we describe prominent examples of microbial metabolites and their effects on microbial communities and the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 and Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
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28
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Hirata SI, Kunisawa J. Gut microbiome, metabolome, and allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2017; 66:523-528. [PMID: 28693971 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with allergic and inflammatory disorders has been increasing during the past several decades. Accumulating evidence has refined our understanding of the relationship between allergic diseases and the gut microbiome. In addition, the gut microbiome is now known to produce both useful and harmful metabolites from dietary materials. These metabolites and bacterial components help to regulate host immune responses and potentially affect the development of allergic diseases. Here, we describe recent findings regarding the immunologic crosstalk between commensal bacteria and dietary components in the regulation of host immunity and the influence of this relationship on the development of allergic diseases.
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29
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Vitamin B 6 Reduces Neurochemical and Long-Term Cognitive Alterations After Polymicrobial Sepsis: Involvement of the Kynurenine Pathway Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5255-5268. [PMID: 28879460 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction as a result of neuroinflammation has been reported in sepsis and cause high mortality. High levels of cytokines stimulate the formation of neurotoxic metabolites by kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Vitamin B6 (vit B6) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and also acts as a cofactor for enzymes of the KYN pathway. Thus, by using a relevant animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, we studied the effect of vit B6 on the KYN pathway, acute neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters, and cognitive dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were submitted to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and divided into sham + saline, sham + vit B6, CLP + saline, and CLP + vit B6 (600 mg/kg, s.c.) groups. Twenty-four hours later, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for neurochemical and neuroinflammatory analyses. Animals were followed for 10 days to determine survival rate, when cognitive function was assessed by behavioral tests. Vitamin B6 interfered in the activation of kynurenine pathway, which led to an improvement in neurochemical and neuroinflammatory parameters and, consequently, in the cognitive functions of septic animals. Thus, the results indicate that vit B6 exerts neuroprotective effects in acute and late consequences after sepsis.
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30
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Park HY, Lee KW, Choi HD. Rice bran constituents: immunomodulatory and therapeutic activities. Food Funct 2017; 8:935-943. [PMID: 28224159 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran, one of the most abundant and valuable byproducts produced during the rice milling process, is of steadily growing interest in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals. However, the potential benefits of rice bran are found in several of its bioactive ingredients including oils, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. In addition, a significant advantage of rice bran is that it contains more than 100 antioxidants and several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals. As an immunomodulator, rice bran has beneficial constituents such as polysaccharides, proteins, and oils. Numerous studies also reported that potent antioxidants in rice bran included immune system enhancing compounds, such as phytosterols, polysaccharides, minerals and trace minerals including magnesium, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids and several other phytonutrients. We believe that this review will be a valuable resource for more studies on rice barn as a dietary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea and Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- Division of Strategic Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, South Korea.
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31
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Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Composition and Functional Potential of T Cell Populations. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2197975. [PMID: 28367454 PMCID: PMC5358464 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2197975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is critical in preventing infection and cancer, and malnutrition can weaken different aspects of the immune system to undermine immunity. Previous studies suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency could decrease serum antibody production with concomitant increase in IL4 expression. However, evidence on whether vitamin B6 deficiency would impair immune cell differentiation, cytokines secretion, and signal molecule expression involved in JAK/STAT signaling pathway to regulate immune response remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the immune system through analysis of T lymphocyte differentiation, IL-2, IL-4, and INF-γ secretion, and SOCS-1 and T-bet gene transcription. We generated a vitamin B6-deficient mouse model via vitamin B6-depletion diet. The results showed that vitamin B6 deficiency retards growth, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, and interferes with its differentiation. After ConA stimulation, vitamin B6 deficiency led to decrease in IL-2 and increase in IL-4 but had no influence on IFN-γ. Real-time PCR analysis showed that vitamin B6 deficiency downregulated T-bet and upregulated SOCS-1 transcription. This study suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency influenced the immunity in organisms. Meanwhile, the appropriate supplement of vitamin B6 could benefit immunity of the organism.
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32
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Han HS, Chang CB, Lee DC, Lee JY. Relationship between Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Self-Reported Knee Pain in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:750-758. [PMID: 28717804 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knee pain is one of the most common symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) that affects the quality of life in the older adults, and identifying the contributing factors of knee pain is important. We hypothesized that higher fruit and vegetable consumption might be associated with the severity of knee pain lower prevalence of severe knee pain by affecting pain perception in the knee joint. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between self-reported knee pain and the consumption of fruits vegetables, carotenoids and vitamin C and self-reported knee pain. DESIGN Nationally representative cross sectional study. SETTING 2010-2011 rounds of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6588 subjects aged ≥50 years were participated. METHODS Severity of knee pain was estimated using a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and vitamins were estimated using data from 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS The NRS scores of knee pain decreased significantly with increasing fruit and vegetable intake quartiles. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the fourth quartile of vegetable and fruit consumption was associated with decreased prevalence of severe knee pain (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48-0.73) compared with first quartile of vegetable and fruit consumption; however, carotenoids and vitamin C consumption was not associated with the severity of knee pain. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, severe knee pain was independently associated with fruit and vegetable consumption. Our findings suggest that intake of whole fruits and vegetables may help improve knee pain in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Han
- Jee-Yon Lee, M.D. Department of Family Medicine, CHA University College of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Chaum Life Center, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea, Tel.: 82-31-881-7596, FAX: 82-2-362-2473, E-mail address:
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33
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Ueland PM, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A. Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 53:10-27. [PMID: 27593095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), serves as a co-factor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions. Plasma PLP has consistently been shown to be low in inflammatory conditions; there is a parallel reduction in liver PLP, but minor changes in erythrocyte and muscle PLP and in functional vitamin B6 biomarkers. Plasma PLP also predicts the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and some cancers, and is inversely associated with numerous inflammatory markers in clinical and population-based studies. Vitamin B6 intake and supplementation improve some immune functions in vitamin B6-deficient humans and experimental animals. A possible mechanism involved is mobilization of vitamin B6 to the sites of inflammation where it may serve as a co-factor in pathways producing metabolites with immunomodulating effects. Relevant vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory pathways include vitamin B6 catabolism, the kynurenine pathway, sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism, the transsulfuration pathway, and serine and glycine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Jankowska M, Trzonkowski P, Dębska-Ślizień A, Marszałł M, Rutkowski B. Vitamin B6 status, immune response and inflammation markers in kidney transplant recipients treated with polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulin. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:2631-5. [PMID: 25380882 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vitamin B6 status has an impact on the body's inflammatory and immune responses. Immunosuppressive therapy may influence vitamin B6 metabolism in kidney transplant recipients. Treatment with polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is associated with long-term changes in inflammatory and immune parameters. It is not known if ATG therapy also may have an impact on vitamin B6 status in kidney transplant recipients. We aimed to analyze the impact of therapy with ATG on vitamin B6 status, immune response, and the profile of inflammatory cytokines. SUBJECT/METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study that included 44 kidney allograft recipients. Twenty patients received induction therapy with ATG (6 to 24 months before enrollment). Twenty-four patients constituted the control group, matched with respect to time since transplantation. The B6 vitamers, total lymphocyte count, CD3 percentage, interleukin (IL)-6, -7, and -10, transforming growth factor β, interferon γ, and chemokine ligand 21 were analyzed in a study group. RESULTS All indicators of vitamin B6 status were lower in the ATG group than in the control group. There were also significant differences with respect to immune response (significantly lower total lymphocyte count and CD3 in the ATG group) and inflammatory status (significantly higher IL-6 and IL-10 in the ATG group). Vitamin B6 vitamers and derivatives were not related to lymphocyte count and cytokine levels or to estimated glomerular filtration rate and age of the study population. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B6 stores and active forms are lower in kidney transplant recipients treated with ATG. ATG therapy promotes CD3 and total lymphocyte depletion and increases indicators of inflammation. We found no associations between vitamers of B6, immune response cells, and inflammatory cytokines in study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jankowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - P Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Marszałł
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Saeed F, Nadeem M, Ahmed RS, Tahir Nadeem M, Arshad MS, Ullah A. Studying the impact of nutritional immunology underlying the modulation of immune responses by nutritional compounds – a review. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1079600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Measures of B6 status are categorized as direct biomarkers and as functional biomarkers. Direct biomarkers measure B6 vitamers in plasma/serum, urine and erythrocytes, and among these plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is most commonly used. Functional biomarkers include erythrocyte transaminase activities and, more recently, plasma levels of metabolites involved in PLP-dependent reactions, such as the kynurenine pathway, one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration (cystathionine), and glycine decarboxylation (serine and glycine). Vitamin B6 status is best assessed by using a combination of biomarkers because of the influence of potential confounders, such as inflammation, alkaline phosphatase activity, low serum albumin, renal function, and inorganic phosphate. Ratios between substrate-products pairs have recently been investigated as a strategy to attenuate such influence. These efforts have provided promising new markers such as the PAr index, the 3-hydroxykynurenine:xanthurenic acid ratio, and the oxoglutarate:glutamate ratio. Targeted metabolic profiling or untargeted metabolomics based on mass spectrometry allow the simultaneous quantification of a large number of metabolites, which are currently evaluated as functional biomarkers, using data reduction statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, and the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
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Abstract
Epidemiologic and laboratory animal studies have suggested that the availability of vitamin B6 modulates cancer risk. The means by which B6 mediates this effect is not known with any surety but it has been reported that high dietary vitamin B6 attenuates and low dietary vitamin B6 increases the risk of cancer. In fact vitamin B6 is widely distributed in foods and overt deficiency of this vitamin is not common. Nevertheless, marginal or secondary vitamin B6 deficiency, which might have an adverse effect on carcinogenesis, is rather common especially among old adults and alcoholics. This chapter addressed currently available information regarding the relationship between vitamin B6 and cancer.
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KAWAI K, MEYDANI SN, URASSA W, WU D, MUGUSI FM, SAATHOFF E, BOSCH RJ, VILLAMOR E, SPIEGELMAN D, FAWZI WW. Micronutrient supplementation and T cell-mediated immune responses in patients with tuberculosis in Tanzania. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:1505-9. [PMID: 24093552 PMCID: PMC5639693 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited studies exist regarding whether incorporating micronutrient supplements during tuberculosis (TB) treatment may improve cell-mediated immune response. We examined the effect of micronutrient supplementation on lymphocyte proliferation response to mycobacteria or T-cell mitogens in a randomized trial conducted on 423 patients with pulmonary TB. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of micronutrients (vitamins A, B-complex, C, E, and selenium) or placebo at the time of initiation of TB treatment. We found no overall effect of micronutrient supplements on lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin or purified protein derivatives in HIV-negative and HIV-positive TB patients. Of HIV-negative TB patients, the micronutrient group tended to show higher proliferative responses to concanavalin A than the placebo group, although the clinical relevance of this finding is not readily notable. The role of nutritional intervention in this vulnerable population remains an important area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. KAWAI
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S. N. MEYDANI
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Department of Pathology at the Sackler Graduate School of Biochemical Sciences, and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MAUSA
| | - W. URASSA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - D. WU
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Department of Pathology at the Sackler Graduate School of Biochemical Sciences, and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MAUSA
| | - F. M. MUGUSI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E. SAATHOFF
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Germany & German Centre for Infection Research, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - R. J. BOSCH
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. VILLAMOR
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D. SPIEGELMAN
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W. W. FAWZI
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Ma B, Zhang Y, Gu L, Jiang Y, Hou P, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Ju P, Bi K, Chen X. Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide administration alone and combination with vitamin B6 in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:62-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Ma
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pengyi Hou
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lunhui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Ping Ju
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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Brestoff JR, Artis D. Commensal bacteria at the interface of host metabolism and the immune system. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:676-84. [PMID: 23778795 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the site of digestion and nutrient absorption, harbors trillions of beneficial commensal microbes from all three domains of life. Commensal bacteria, in particular, are key participants in the digestion of food, and are responsible for the extraction and synthesis of nutrients and other metabolites that are essential for the maintenance of mammalian health. Many of these nutrients and metabolites derived from commensal bacteria have been implicated in the development, homeostasis and function of the immune system, suggesting that commensal bacteria may influence host immunity via nutrient- and metabolite-dependent mechanisms. Here we review the current knowledge of how commensal bacteria regulate the production and bioavailability of immunomodulatory, diet-dependent nutrients and metabolites and discuss how these commensal bacteria-derived products may regulate the development and function of the mammalian immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hou CT, Wu YH, Cheng CH, Huang PN, Huang YC. Higher plasma homocysteine is associated with lower vitamin B6 status in critically ill surgical patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:695-700. [PMID: 22868281 DOI: 10.1177/0884533612449654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia might be at least partially due to compromised B vitamin status in critically ill patients and has been linked with critical illness. This study was conducted to examine the association between plasma homocysteine with B vitamins and clinical outcomes in critically ill surgical patients. METHODS Thirty-two patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) were enrolled. Disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score), hematological values, serum and erythrocyte folate, serum vitamin B₁₂, plasma, and erythrocyte pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were determined within 24 hours of admission and again after 7 days. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in the patients was either 46.9% (plasma homocysteine ≥12 µmol/L) or 31.3% (plasma homocysteine ≥15 µmol/L) on day 1 in the SICU and increased to 62.5% (plasma homocysteine ≥12 µmol/L) and 37.5% (plasma homocysteine ≥15 µmol/L) on day 7 after admission to the SICU. Plasma homocysteine, serum folate, and vitamin B₁₂ significantly increased by day 7, whereas plasma and erythrocyte PLP remained constant throughout the study. Plasma homocysteine was not correlated with serum folate and vitamin B₁₂. However, plasma and erythrocyte PLP on day 1 were adversely associated with day 1 levels of plasma homocysteine after adjusting for potential confounders. Plasma homocysteine on day 1 or changes (Δ day 7-day 1) did not show any association with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma PLP might be a significant factor for increased plasma homocysteine in critically ill surgical patients. The association between plasma homocysteine and clinical outcomes was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tai Hou
- Critical Care, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Leung EYL, Roxburgh CS, Talwar D, O'Reilly DS, McKee RF, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. The relationships between plasma and red cell vitamin B2 and B6 concentrations and the systemic and local inflammatory responses in patients with colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:515-20. [PMID: 22439733 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.661512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
B vitamins have been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. It is therefore of interest that plasma B6 falls as part of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR), whereas red cell concentrations do not. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) is a validated inflammation-based prognostic score that consists of a combination of albumin and C-reactive protein concentrations. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the concentrations of plasma and red cell vitamin B concentrations, the local and systemic inflammatory response in patients with colorectal cancer. Preoperative venous blood of 108 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed for C-reactive protein, albumin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), and lymphocyte counts. Pathological slides were retrieved for assessment of inflammatory cell infiltration. Increasing mGPS was associated with lower plasma PLP concentrations (P < 0.01) but not plasma and red cell FAD and red cell PLP concentrations. Increasing tumor stage was associated with the presence of venous invasion (P < 0.01) and low-grade inflammatory cell infiltrate (P < 0.05) but not the SIR, FAD, or PLP concentrations. A low-grade inflammatory cell infiltrate was not significantly associated with any other parameter. The presence of a SIR was associated with lower concentrations of plasma PLP but not red cell PLP concentrations in patients with colorectal cancer. Neither FAD and PLP were associated with the tumor inflammatory cell infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y L Leung
- University Department of Surgery and Micronutrient Unit Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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Jankowska M, Marszałł M, Dębska-Ślizień A, Carrero JJ, Lindholm B, Czarnowski W, Rutkowski B, Trzonkowski P. Vitamin B6 and the immunity in kidney transplant recipients. J Ren Nutr 2012; 23:57-64. [PMID: 22445054 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine vitamin B6 status in elderly (age ≥ 60 years) and younger (age <60 years) recipients of allogeneic kidney graft and to investigate associations between vitamin B6 status and immunity markers. DESIGN A retrospective observational study. SETTING The study was conducted at the Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland. SUBJECTS We recruited 34 kidney allograft recipients (17 males and 17 females) and allocated them into 2 groups: patients aged ≥ 60 years (18 patients) and those aged <60 years (16 patients). Exclusion criteria included patients receiving vitamin B6 supplementation or drugs known to influence vitamin B6 metabolism. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, and 4 pyridoxic acid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Measured immunity markers were serum cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β), levels of T-lymphocyte subsets, and the proliferative ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Concentrations of all vitamin B6 vitamers in plasma (PLP, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, 4 pyridoxic acid) were comparable in the 2 studied groups. There were no cases of PLP deficiency in the study population, but 29% of patients had PLP concentrations more than the upper reference limit. Vitamin B6 vitamer concentrations were not influenced by gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and circulating phosphate concentration. There was no difference in immunity markers according to age. However, the plasma concentrations of vitamin B6 vitamers were inversely associated with levels of CD28(+) lymphocyte subsets, as well as with the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in both groups. CONCLUSIONS No cases of vitamin B6 deficiency were found among kidney allograft recipients, and we report inverse links between vitamin B6 vitamer concentrations and markers of cellular immunity, suggesting that bioactive vitamin B6 concentration in kidney allograft recipients merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jankowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Huang SC, Wei JCC, Lin PT, Wu DJ, Huang YC. Plasma Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate Is Not Associated with Inflammatory and Immune Responses after Adjusting for Serum Albumin in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Preliminary Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60:83-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000336175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Visser J, Labadarios D, Blaauw R. Micronutrient supplementation for critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition 2011; 27:745-58. [PMID: 21679878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review assessed the effects of micronutrient supplementation on adults recovering from critical illness. Primary outcomes included clinical endpoints (mortality, infectious complications, length of intensive care unit and of hospital stay). Secondary outcomes included descriptions of practice issues, micronutrient status, morbidity, course of the acute-phase response, and oxidative stress. METHODS Electronic bibliographic databases, bibliographies of retrieved articles, and personal files were searched and reviewed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of micronutrient supplementation in adult critically ill patients administered enterally and/or parenterally in addition to their routine care were included. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality. The random-effects model was used to estimate overall relative risk (RR)/mean difference and effect size. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifteen (n=1714) and 18 (n=1849) RCTs were included for the primary and secondary objectives, respectively. Fourteen trials (n=1468) showed a statistically significant decrease in overall mortality (RR 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.90, I2=0%, P=0.0009). Six RCTs (n=1194) indicated a statistically significant decrease in 28-d mortality (RR 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.88, I2=0%, P=0.0006). Micronutrient supplementation was not associated with a decrease in infectious complications, length of intensive care unit, or length of hospital stay. In subgroup analyses, a sensitivity analysis of combined micronutrients indicated a significant decrease in mortality (RR 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.90, I2=2%, P=0.006). The secondary outcomes confirmed that timing, duration, and dosing appear to be key factors to ensure optimal clinical benefit. CONCLUSION This review does suggest a potential benefit of micronutrient supplementation in critically ill adults by possibly being associated with a decrease in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janicke Visser
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
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Hou CT, Wu YH, Huang PN, Cheng CH, Huang YC. Higher plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is associated with better blood glucose responses in critically ill surgical patients with inadequate vitamin B-6 status. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:478-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Myers SP, O'Connor J, Fitton JH, Brooks L, Rolfe M, Connellan P, Wohlmuth H, Cheras PA, Morris C. A combined Phase I and II open-label study on the immunomodulatory effects of seaweed extract nutrient complex. Biologics 2011; 5:45-60. [PMID: 21383915 PMCID: PMC3044793 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Isolated fucoidans from brown marine algae have been shown to have a range of immune-modulating effects. This exploratory study aimed to determine whether a seaweed nutrient complex containing a blend of extracts from three different species of brown algae plus nutrients is safe to administer and has biological potential as an immune modulator. The study was undertaken as an open-label combined Phase I and II study. Methods: Participants (n = 10) were randomized to receive the study medication at either a 100 mg (n = 5) or 1000 mg (n = 5) dose over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measurement was in vivo changes in lymphocyte subsets. The secondary outcome measures were ex vivo changes in T-lymphocyte (CD4 and CD8) activation, phagocytosis of granulocytes and monocytes, T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokines, and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Results: The preparation was found to be safe over the 4 weeks at both doses tested. There were no clinically relevant changes to blood measurements of hemopoietic, hepatic, or renal function. Immunomodulatory measurements showed no dose response between the two doses. The combined results from the two doses demonstrated a significant increase in cytotoxic T cell numbers and phagocytic capacity in monocytes, and a significant decrease in levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6. A separate analysis of the 100 mg dose (n = 5) alone showed a significant linear component over time (P < 0.05) for phagocytosis by both granulocytes and monocytes. Conclusion: The seaweed nutrient complex was safe to use when taken orally over 4 weeks. The preparation was demonstrated to have potential as an immune modulator, and this bioactivity deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Myers
- NatMed-Research Unit, Research Cluster for Health and Wellbeing, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Vitamin B6 supplementation improves pro-inflammatory responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1007-13. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen H, Xiong L. Enhancement of vitamin B(6) levels in seeds through metabolic engineering. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2009; 7:673-81. [PMID: 19656333 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a versatile cofactor for many enzymes catalyzing important biochemical reactions, vitamin B(6) is required for all cellular organisms. In contrast to bacteria, fungi and plants, which have the ability to synthesize vitamin B(6)de novo, animals have to take up the vitamin from their diet. Plants are the major source of vitamin B(6) for animals. The recent identification of vitamin B(6) biosynthetic enzymes PDX1 and PDX2 in plants makes it possible to regulate the biosynthesis of this important vitamin. In this study, we generated Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the PDX1 and/or PDX2 gene and used a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method to determine the levels of different forms of vitamin B(6) in these transgenic plants. It was found that expression of the PDX genes under control of the CaMV 35S promoter caused only a limited increase in pyridoxine contents in dry seeds but not in shoots or roots. When using the Arabidopsis seed-specific 12S promoter to drive the expression of the PDX genes, the levels of vitamin B(6) increased more than twofold in transgenic plants. Our work demonstrates that it is feasible to enhance vitamin B(6) content in seeds by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, USA
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Vasilaki AT, McMillan DC, Kinsella J, Duncan A, O'Reilly DSJ, Talwar D. Relation between pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate concentrations in plasma, red cells, and white cells in patients with critical illness. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:140-6. [PMID: 18614734 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the relation between plasma and red cell vitamin B-6 concentrations is perturbed as part of the systemic inflammatory response in critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal interrelations between pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentrations in plasma and red and white cells in patients with critical illness. DESIGN PLP and PL concentrations were measured by HPLC in plasma and red and white cells in normal subjects (n = 126) and critically ill patients (n = 96) on admission and on follow-up. RESULTS On admission, compared with the controls, median plasma PLP and PL (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively) and red cell PLP and PL (P < 0.001 and < 0.05, respectively) and their ratio (PLP:PL) in plasma and red cells (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively) were significantly lower in the critically ill. In critically ill patients, plasma PLP:PL was significantly lower than red cell PLP:PL (P = 0.001) and white cell PLP:PL (P = 0.008). Plasma PL concentration was directly associated with both red cell PL (r(s) = 0.73, P < 0.001) and white cell PL (r(s) = 0.68, P < 0.001). Red cell PL and white cell PL were directly associated with red cell PLP (r(s) = 0.82, P < 0.001) and white cell PLP (r(s) = 0.68, P < 0.001), respectively. Longitudinal measurements (n = 48) were similar. CONCLUSIONS The relation between plasma PLP and PL was significantly perturbed in critical illness. This effect was less pronounced in red and white cells. Therefore, these results confirm the hypothesis that intracellular PLP concentrations are more likely to be a reliable measure of status than are plasma measurements in the critically ill patient.
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