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Birgisson O, Eriksen HR, Hysing M, Johannsson E, Gestsdottir S. Adolescent mental health and cardiorespiratory fitness: A comparison of two cohorts 12 years apart. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300810. [PMID: 38748628 PMCID: PMC11095746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the mental health and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of adolescents in two cross-sectional cohorts, one measured in 2003 and the other in 2015, both at age 15 and across sexes. The study also sought to estimate the association between mental health and CRF in the two cohorts and examine the relationship between the level of CRF and mental health in each cohort overall and by sex. Data from 443 participants born in 1988 (228 males, 215 females) and 303 participants born in 1999 (126 males, 177 females) were analyzed. Mental health was assessed using self-reports of body image, self-esteem, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. CRF was estimated using a maximal cycle ergometer test. From 2003 to 2015, body image scores improved (p = .043), self-esteem remained stable, and CRF declined significantly (p < .001). No self-esteem differences were observed between sexes in any cohort. Males had higher CRF and body image scores than females in both cohorts (p < .001 for all comparisons). Higher CRF correlated with fewer depressive symptoms across sexes and cohorts. Specifically, higher CRF was associated with anxiety in females and improved body image in males (2003) and both sexes (2015). Increased CRF was linked to higher self-esteem in females but not in males. Overall, higher CRF levels were associated with better mental health outcomes for both sexes. These results highlight the potential of improving adolescent mental health through increased physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottar Birgisson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hege R. Eriksen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sunna Gestsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Tao MY, Liu X, Chen ZL, Yang MN, Xu YJ, He H, Fang F, Chen Q, Mao XX, Zhang J, Ouyang F, Shen XH, Li F, Luo ZC, Shen X, Huang H, Sun K, Zhang J, Wang W, Xu W, Ouyang F, Li F, Huang Y, Zhang J, Yan C, Shen L, Bao Y, Tian Y, Chen W, Zhang H, Tong C, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Jiang F, Yu X, Yu G, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li X, Cheng H, Zhang Q, Duan T, Hua J, Peng H. Fetal overgrowth and weight trajectories during infancy and adiposity in early childhood. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1372-1378. [PMID: 38200323 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-for-gestational age (LGA), a marker of fetal overgrowth, has been linked to obesity in adulthood. Little is known about how infancy growth trajectories affect adiposity in early childhood in LGA. METHODS In the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we followed up 259 LGA (birth weight >90th percentile) and 1673 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA, 10th-90th percentiles) children on body composition (by InBody 770) at age 4 years. Adiposity outcomes include body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity, and high adiposity (PBF >85th percentile). RESULTS Three weight growth trajectories (low, mid, and high) during infancy (0-2 years) were identified in AGA and LGA subjects separately. BFM, PBF and BMI were progressively higher from low- to mid-to high-growth trajectories in both AGA and LGA children. Compared to the mid-growth trajectory, the high-growth trajectory was associated with greater increases in BFM and the odds of overweight/obesity or high adiposity in LGA than in AGA children (tests for interactions, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Weight trajectories during infancy affect adiposity in early childhood regardless of LGA or not. The study is the first to demonstrate that high-growth weight trajectory during infancy has a greater impact on adiposity in early childhood in LGA than in AGA subjects. IMPACT Large-for-gestational age (LGA), a marker of fetal overgrowth, has been linked to obesity in adulthood, but little is known about how weight trajectories during infancy affect adiposity during early childhood in LGA subjects. The study is the first to demonstrate a greater impact of high-growth weight trajectory during infancy (0-2 years) on adiposity in early childhood (at age 4 years) in subjects with fetal overgrowth (LGA) than in those with normal birth size (appropriate-for-gestational age). Weight trajectory monitoring may be a valuable tool in identifying high-risk LGA children for close follow-ups and interventions to decrease the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Tao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Lin Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Nan Yang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-Xia Mao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Early Life Health Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisong Shen
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Bao
- Xinhua Hospital and Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Tong
- International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Cheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinying Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Care Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Maternal and Child Health Institute of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
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Foster BA, Latour E, Lim JY, Weinstein K. Weight trajectories and obesity remission among school-aged children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290565. [PMID: 37729125 PMCID: PMC10511102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies examining weight trajectories have used adiposity measures shown to be problematic for trajectory analysis in children with obesity, and remission of obesity remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To describe weight trajectories for school-aged children, the rate of obesity remission and factors associated. METHODS Children between 6 and 11 years of age with ≥3 valid height and weight measurements from an Oregon hospital-system over a minimum six-month period were included. Percent distance from the median body mass index (BMI) was used for modeling. Latent class analysis and linear mixed models were used to classify children based on their weight trajectory. RESULTS We included 11,247 subjects with a median of 2.1 years of follow-up, with 1,614 (14.4%) classified as overweight and 1,794 (16.0%) classified as obese. Of subjects with obesity, 1% experienced remission during follow-up, whereas 23% of those with overweight moved to within a healthy weight range. Latent class analysis identified three classes within each weight-based stratum over time. The majority of children with overweight or obesity had a flat trajectory over time. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a worsening trajectory. Latent class models using alternate measures (BMI, BMI z-scores, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI)) differed substantially from each other. CONCLUSIONS Obesity remission was uncommon using the adiposity metric of distance from the median though transition from overweight to healthy weight was more common. Children with low socioeconomic status have worse trajectories overall. The choice of adiposity metric may have a substantial effect on the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron A. Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Emile Latour
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeong Youn Lim
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Weinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Cunningham SA, Hardy ST, Jones R, Ng C, Kramer MR, Narayan KV. Changes in the Incidence of Childhood Obesity. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188480. [PMID: 35789417 PMCID: PMC9879733 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine childhood obesity incidence across recent cohorts. METHODS We examined obesity incidence and prevalence across 2 cohorts of children in the United States 12 years apart using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Studies, parallel data sets following the kindergarten cohorts of 1998 and 2010 with direct anthropometric measurements at multiple time points through fifth grade in 2004 and 2016, respectively. We investigated annualized incidence rate and cumulative incidence proportion of obesity (BMI z-score ≥95th percentile based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight-for-age z-scores). RESULTS Among children who did not have obesity at kindergarten entry, there was a 4.5% relative increase in cumulative incidence of new obesity cases by end of fifth grade across cohorts (15.5% [14.1%-16.9%] vs 16.2% [15.0%-17.3%]), though annual incidence did not change substantially. The risk of incident obesity for children who had normal BMI at kindergarten entry stayed the same, but the risk of incident obesity among overweight kindergartners increased slightly. Social disparities in obesity incidence expanded: incidence of new cases during primary school among non-Hispanic Black children increased by 29% (95% confidence interval, 25%-34%), whereas risk for other race-ethnic groups plateaued or decreased. Children from the most socioeconomically disadvantaged households experienced 15% higher cumulative incidence across primary school in 2010 than 1998. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of childhood obesity was higher, occurred at younger ages, and was more severe than 12 years previous; thus, more youths may now be at risk for health consequences associated with early onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakia T. Hardy
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carmen Ng
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael R. Kramer
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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5
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Lin JLL, Zhong O, Tse R, Lau JD, Chao E, Au L. Weight Status Change in Chinese American Children over a Ten-Year Period: Retrospective Study of a Primary Care Pediatric Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105916. [PMID: 35627453 PMCID: PMC9142033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Weight change from childhood to adolescence has been understudied in Asian Americans. Known studies lack disaggregation by Asian subgroups. This retrospective study assessed the weight status change in 1500 Chinese American children aged 5−11 years from an urban primary care health center between 2007 and 2017. Weight status was categorized using the 2000 CDC growth charts into “underweight/normal weight” and “overweight/obese.” The overweight/obesity prevalence in 2007 and 2017 were determined. McNemar’s test and logistic regression were performed. The prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased from 29.9% in 2007 to 18.6% in 2017. Children who were overweight/obese at 5−11 years had 10.3 increased odds of staying overweight/obese over time (95% CI = 7.6−14.0, p < 0.001) compared to their underweight/normal weight counterparts. Of the children who were overweight/obese in 2007, 45.7% remained overweight/obese ten years later. Childhood overweight/obesity strongly predicts adult overweight/obesity in Chinese Americans. Targeted education and intervention are warranted to prevent adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu Lilian Lin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada;
| | - Olivia Zhong
- CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
| | - Raymond Tse
- Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; (R.T.); (J.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Jennifer D. Lau
- Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; (R.T.); (J.D.L.); (E.C.)
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eda Chao
- Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; (R.T.); (J.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Loretta Au
- Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; (R.T.); (J.D.L.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-226-8866
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6
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Zvonar M, Štefan L, Kasović M, Piler P. Tracking of anthropometric characteristics from childhood to adolescence: an 8-year follow-up findings from the Czech ELSPAC study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:727. [PMID: 35413828 PMCID: PMC9004100 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence suggests that obesity track well from childhood to adolescence, most of the research has been done in Western and high-income countries. Moreover, most of the studies have tracked body-mass index, as a proxy of nutritional status, while tracking characteristics of circumferences and skinfold thicknesses have been less studies. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to explore tracking characteristics of complete anthropometric data from childhood to adolescence. METHODS This sub-study was part of the Czech ELSPAC study. In the present 8-year longitudinal study, we collected information from pediatrician's medical records at the ages of 8 y (n = 888), 11 y (n = 1065), 13 y (n = 811) and 15 y (n = 974), including circumferences (head, chest, waist, hips, and arm), indices (body-mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio) and skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca, thigh and the sum of 5 skinfolds). Participants were recruited from the two selected regions of the Czech Republic (Brno and Znojmo). Linear generalized estimating equations were conducted to analyze tracking patterns over an 8-year follow-up period for all anthropometric measurements. RESULTS Tracking coefficients were moderate to strong, ranging from 0.40 to 0.62 for circumferences, 0.41 to 0.74 for indices and 0.72 to 0.86 for skinfolds. According to body-mass index and waist circumference standards, overweight/obese children and children with abdominal obesity at the age of 8 y were 11.31 (95% CI = 8.41 to 15.22, p < 0.001) and 10.73 (95% CI = 7.93 to 14.52, p < 0.001) more likely to remain overweight/obese and to have abdominal obesity at the age of 15 y. CONCLUSIONS Findings show moderate to strong tracking of anthropometric characteristics, i.e. circumferences track moderately well, while strong tracking for indices and skinfold thicknesses is observed. Moreover, strong tracking of general overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity between ages 8 y and 15 y indicates that the detection of these risk factors at the beginning of primary school should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zvonar
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mario Kasović
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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Hong YH, Lee JE. Large for Gestational Age and Obesity-Related Comorbidities. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:124-131. [PMID: 34053939 PMCID: PMC8277589 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both small for gestational age and large for gestational age (LGA) size at birth are associated with metabolic complications throughout life. The long-term consequences of LGA have been investigated in only a few studies. LGA is thought to be associated with early obesity and metabolic risk. Understanding how LGA can influence later obesity risk is important for pediatric obesity interventions. Pregnant women who are overweight or obese are at high risk of having LGA babies. Infants born LGA are at increased risk of becoming overweight or obese children, adolescents, and young adults and can have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome later in life and giving birth to LGA offspring. Education and intervention for weight control before and during pregnancy should be conducted to prevent LGA births. Particular attention is needed for women of childbearing age who are diabetic and obese, which could be the starting point for lifelong management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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8
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Hayes AJ, Carrello JP, Kelly PJ, Killedar A, Baur LA. Looking backwards and forwards: tracking and persistence of weight status between early childhood and adolescence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:870-878. [PMID: 33558641 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Many studies have shown that child BMI or weight status tracks over time, but the demographic predictors of high tracking have not been investigated. Our objective was to identify demographic predictors of persistence (duration) of healthy weight and overweight/obesity throughout childhood, and to examine whether tracking was age dependent. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis of 4606 children from the Birth cohort and 4983 children from the Kindergarten cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children with follow-up to age 12/13 and 16/17 years, respectively. Retrospective and prospective tracking were examined descriptively. Time-to-event analysis determined demographic predictors of persistence of healthy weight and overweight/obesity beyond age 4-5 years, after controlling for child BMI z-score. Weight status was determined using WHO methods. RESULTS Tracking of healthy weight was consistently higher than that of overweight/obesity, and incident overweight was equally likely throughout childhood and adolescence. Tracking of overweight was lower for children under 7 years than in middle childhood and adolescence (2-year probability 65%, compared with 80%; 2-year resolution of overweight 35 and 20%). Children of lower socioeconomic position, those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and girls were more likely to move into overweight (hazard ratios [95%CI] for incident overweight: 1.39 [1.26-1.52], 1.16 [1.02-1.31] and 1.12 [1.02-1.23], respectively) and less likely to resolve their overweight (hazard ratios for resolution of overweight/obesity: 0.77 [0.69-0.85], 0.8 [0.69-0.92] and 0.79 [0.71-0.81], respectively) during childhood. However, persistence of weight status was not significantly affected by rurality or Indigenous status (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lowest tracking and highest natural resolution of overweight in children under 7 years suggests this may be an opportune time for interventions to reduce overweight. Primary and secondary prevention programmes during the school years should be designed with special consideration for lower socioeconomic communities, for culturally and linguistically diverse populations and for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joseph P Carrello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anagha Killedar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Liu Y, Yan Y, Yang X, Li S, Bazzano L, He J, Chen W. Long-Term Burden of Higher Body Mass Index and Adult Arterial Stiffness Are Linked Predominantly Through Elevated Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2019; 73:229-234. [PMID: 30571556 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are important risk factors of arterial stiffness. However, the complex relationship between increased body mass index (BMI), elevated blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness is largely unknown. We aim to examine the mediation effect of elevated BP on the association of early life BMI, long-term burden, and trend of BMI with arterial stiffness in midlife. The longitudinal study cohort consisted of 1190 participants (829 whites and 361 blacks, 518 males, mean age=40.0 years at follow-up) who had been examined for BMI and BP 4 to 15 times from childhood and aortic-femoral pulse wave velocity (afPWV) in adulthood, with a mean follow-up period of 30.3 years. Total area under the curve (AUCt) and incremental AUC (AUCi) were calculated in random-effects models and used as long-term measures of BMI and BP. Total effects of BMI measures on adult afPWV, adjusted for covariates were all significant without adult BMI and systolic BP (SBP) measures included in the models. The mediation effects of adult SBP (20.2%) and SBP AUCi (16.9%) were significant on the childhood BMI-afPWV association. Adult SBP showed significant mediation effects of 36.7% on the BMI AUCi-afPWV association and 36.4% on the BMI AUCt-afPWV association. The mediation effect of SBP AUCi was estimated at 63.3% ( P<0.01) on the BMI AUCi-afPWV association. Diastolic BP had similar total and mediation effects. These findings suggest that the association of increased childhood BMI and its cumulative burden with adult arterial stiffness measured as afPWV is predominantly mediated through the long-term and increasing trend of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.L., X.Y.).,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.L., Y.Y., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.L., Y.Y., L.B., J.H., W.C.).,Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.L., X.Y.)
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (S.L.)
| | - Lydia Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.L., Y.Y., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.L., Y.Y., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (Y.L., Y.Y., L.B., J.H., W.C.)
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10
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Gunning MN, van Rijn BB, Bekker MN, de Wilde MA, Eijkemans MJC, Fauser BCJM. Associations of preconception Body Mass Index in women with PCOS and BMI and blood pressure of their offspring. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:673-678. [PMID: 31030581 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1563885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have unfavorable metabolic profiles. Their offspring may be affected by such risks. The objective of the current study was to disclose associations between preconception health of these women and health of their offspring. 74 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were screened systematically before conception. Cardiovascular health of their offspring was assessed at 2.5-4 (n = 42) or at 6-8 years of age (n = 32). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with adjustments for potential confounders. In the primary analyses the association between preconception Body Mass index (BMI) and offspring BMI was evaluated. Secondly associations between preconception blood pressure, androgens, insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR), and LDL-cholesterol in women with PCOS and BMI and blood pressure of offspring were assessed. Results show that preconception BMI of women with PCOS was positively associated with sex- and age-adjusted BMI of their offspring at 6-8 years of age (β = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.97), p = .012). No other significant associations were found. In conclusion, our data suggest that preconception BMI in PCOS is significantly associated with offspring BMI at 6-8 year of age. If this suggestion could be confirmed this may provide an opportunity for improving the future health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gunning
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - B B van Rijn
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M N Bekker
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M A de Wilde
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - M J C Eijkemans
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
- c Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care , University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - B C J M Fauser
- a Department of Reproductive Medicine & Gynaecology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands
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11
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Behnisch R, Kirchner M, Anarat A, Bacchetta J, Shroff R, Bilginer Y, Mir S, Caliskan S, Paripovic D, Harambat J, Mencarelli F, Büscher R, Arbeiter K, Soylemezoglu O, Zaloszyc A, Zurowska A, Melk A, Querfeld U, Schaefer F. Determinants of Statural Growth in European Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: Findings From the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease (4C) Study. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:278. [PMID: 31334210 PMCID: PMC6625460 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of statural growth is one of the major long-term sequelae of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. In recent years effective therapeutic strategies have become available that lead to evidence based practice recommendations. To assess the current growth performance of European children and adolescents with CKD, we analyzed a cohort of 594 patients from 12 European countries who were followed prospectively for up to 6 years in the 4C Study. While all patients were on conservative treatment with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 28 ml/min/1.73 m2 at study entry, 130 children commenced dialysis during the observation period. At time of enrolment the mean height standard deviation score (SDS) was -1.57; 36% of patients had a height below the third percentile. The prevalence of growth failure varied between countries from 7 to 44% Whereas patients on conservative treatment showed stable growth, height SDS gradually declined on those on dialysis. Parental height, pubertal status and treatment with recombinant growth hormone (GH) were positively, and the diagnosis of syndromic disease and CKD stage were negatively associated with height SDS during the observation period. Unexpectedly, higher body mass index (BMI) SDS was associated with lower height SDS both at enrolment and during follow up. Renal anemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperparathyroidism were mostly mild and not predictive of growth rates by multivariable analysis. GH therapy was applied in only 15% of growth retarded patients with large variation between countries. When adjusting for all significant covariates listed above, the country of residence remained a highly significant predictor of overall growth performance. In conclusion, growth failure remains common in European children with CKD, despite improved general management of CKD complications. The widespread underutilization of GH, an approved efficacious therapy for CKD-associated growth failure, deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Behnisch
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marietta Kirchner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Anarat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yelda Bilginer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Mir
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Salim Caliskan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dusan Paripovic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerome Harambat
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesca Mencarelli
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rainer Büscher
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Arbeiter
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oguz Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aleksandra Zurowska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Luan D, Mezuk B, Bauer KW. Remission of obesity among a nationally representative sample of US children. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14. [PMID: 30074306 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the incidence and natural history of obesity remission among children outside of weight loss programmes. OBJECTIVES The objectives are to characterize and identify sociodemographic and early life predictors of obesity remission between kindergarten and eighth grade among a nationally representative sample of US children. METHODS The sample included children with obesity [age-specific and gender-specific body mass index percentile (BMI) ≥95] at the spring kindergarten assessment of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99. Weight categories across 8 years of follow-up were used to identify three transition patterns: persistent obesity remission, non-persistent obesity remission and non-remission. Weight, height and BMI changes between remission categories were examined and predictors of persistent remission were identified. RESULTS One-third of children with obesity in kindergarten experienced remission during follow-up and 21.6% of children experienced persistent remission through eighth grade. Female gender and high socio-economic status predicted persistent remission; these associations were attenuated after accounting for baseline BMI. Children experiencing persistent remission gained less weight across waves than those experiencing non-remission. CONCLUSIONS A meaningful proportion of young children with obesity experience remission by eighth grade. Further study is needed to identify factors that support obesity remission among children outside of treatment contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K W Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Sánchez-Cruz JJ, de Ruiter I, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, García L, Sánchez MJ. Stabilization and reversal of child obesity in Andalusia using objective anthropometric measures by socioeconomic status. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:322. [PMID: 30309338 PMCID: PMC6180603 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity continues to be a significant public health issue worldwide. Recent national studies in Spain show a stable picture. However, prevalence and trends differ by socio-economic status, age, and region. We present the trend in childhood excess weight prevalence, aged 8-15 years, in Andalusia from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016 by socio-economic status. METHODS Using the cross-sectional Andalusian Health Surveys, objective anthropometric measures were taken for a representative sample of 8-15 year olds in Andalusia in 2011-2012 and 2015-2016. Prevalence and changes in prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) were calculated, using both the WHO and IOTF criteria, overall and for sex, age and three different indicators of SES. RESULTS Overall prevalence of excess weight decreased from 42.0% in 2011-2012 to 35.4% in 2015-2016. Overweight decreased from 28.2 to 24.2% and obesity from 13.8 to 11.2%. In 2011-2012 the prevalence of excess weight in boys was 46.0%and 37.9% in girls; in 2015-2016 the difference became significant with 41% of boys with excess weight compared with 30% in girls. CONCLUSIONS Childhood excess weight prevalence in Andalusia has decreased slightly between 2011-2012 and 2015-2016. Notably, a decrease in obesity prevalence in girls aged 8-15 years was recorded. In 2011-2012 a social gradient for excess weight prevalence across three SES indicators was observed: in 2015-2016 this gradient disappeared. Nonetheless, prevalence remains too high.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Juan Sánchez-Cruz
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I de Ruiter
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - J J Jiménez-Moleón
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ll García
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Saevarsson E, Svansdottir E, Arngrimsson S, Sveinsson T, Johannsson E. Different cardiorespiratory fitness expressions based on the maximal cycle ergometer test show no effect on the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to the academic achievement of nine-year-olds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200643. [PMID: 30036375 PMCID: PMC6056058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement has been inconclusive. The results may depend on how cardiorespiratory fitness is expressed. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of different cardiorespiratory fitness expression methods, measured by the maximal cycle ergometer test, on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement. A cross-sectional study consisting of 303 Icelandic 4th grade students (163 girls) was conducted. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a graded maximal cycle ergometer test and scores of standardized tests in Icelandic and math obtained from the Icelandic National Examination Institute. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as absolute power output in watts in a maximal progressive cycle ergometer test. To adjust for different body sizes, the power output was scaled to body weight, body height, body surface area, and allometrically expressed body weight. In addition, linear regression scaling was also used to adjust for different body sizes. No significant relationship was found between any of the cardiorespiratory fitness expressions and academic achievement, using both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The use of different methods to express cardiorespiratory fitness does not significantly affect the association with the academic achievement of fourth grade students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thorarinn Sveinsson
- Research Centre for Movements Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Ahmed HO, Hama Marif MA, sabah abid abdulhakim, Ali Omer MA, majeed nuri DA, Hamasur AF, Ahmed SH, Abddalqadir KM. The life styles causing overweight or obesity: Based on 5 years of experience in two centers in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region/Iraq. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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de Ruiter I, Olmedo-Requena R, Sánchez-Cruz JJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Tendencia de la obesidad infantil y el bajo peso por año de nacimiento y edad en España, 1983-2011. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Sævarsson ES, Svansdottir E, Sveinsson T, Asgeirsdottir TL, Arngrimsson SA, Johannsson E. Organized leisure-time sport participation and academic achievement in preadolescents. Scand J Public Health 2017; 45:861-868. [PMID: 28666392 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817705560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to study the correlation between lifestyle-related factors, such as organized leisure-time sport participation (OLSP), cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity, and academic achievement among preadolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 248 nine-year-old school children was carried out. OLSP was self-reported with parental assistance, categorized as ≤ 1× a week, 2-3× a week, and ≥ 4× times a week or more. Academic achievement was estimated with results from standardized test scores in Icelandic and math. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using a maximal cycle ergometer test. The sum of four skinfolds was used to estimate adiposity. RESULTS Tests of between-subjects effect indicated that OLSP significantly correlated with achievement in math only (F(2,235) = 3.81, p = 0.024). Further analysis showed that the two less active groups had significantly lower scores in math compared to the most active group with OLSP ≥ 4× times a week or more (2-3× times a week, unstandardized coefficient (b) = -4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-7.09, -1.07]; ≤ 1× a week, b = -3.84, 95% CI [-7.59, -0.08]), independent of sex, age, maturity level (age to/from peak height velocity), family structure, and parental education. Neither cardiorespiratory fitness nor adiposity significantly correlated with academic achievements. CONCLUSIONS The study's result indicates that frequent (four times per week or more often) sport participation is not harmful but may be beneficial to learning. However, further intervention-based study of this topic is needed to determine if this relationship is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvar Smari Sævarsson
- 1 Centre for Health and Sport Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erla Svansdottir
- 1 Centre for Health and Sport Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Sveinsson
- 2 Research Centre for Movements Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Erlingur Johannsson
- 1 Centre for Health and Sport Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,4 Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Evensen E, Emaus N, Kokkvoll A, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS, Skeie G. The relation between birthweight, childhood body mass index, and overweight and obesity in late adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study from Norway, The Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015576. [PMID: 28645970 PMCID: PMC5734247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood overweight/obesity is associated with later overweight/obesity. However, the association between birth weight and later overweight/obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between both birth weight and childhood body mass index (BMI), and adolescent overweight/obesity in a Norwegian population. METHODS The Tromsø Study - Fit Futures is a population-based cohort study conducted in 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 in Tromsø, Norway. A representative sample of 961 adolescents participated. Longitudinal anthropometric data were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, childhood health records at 2-4 and 5-7 years of age, and repeated measurements at 15-18 and 18-20 years of age. Outcome was defined as normal weight (adult BMI <25 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (adult BMI ≥2 5 kg/m2) at 15-20 years of age according to international age- and sex-specific cut-off values for children. Associations were investigated using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, a 1-SD (586 g) higher birth weight was associated with a higher OR for overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48). Childhood BMI was also associated with overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age: a 1-SD (1.35 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 2-4 years rendered an OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.96); a 1-SD (1.83 kg/m2) increase in BMI at age 5-7 years rendered an OR of 3.23 (95% CI 2.56 to 4.07). When compared with normal-weight children, those with severe overweight/obesity in childhood (adult BMI ≥27 kg/m2) showed stronger associations with overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age: OR 3.01 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.18) and OR 11.51 (95% CI 6.63 to 19.99) at ages 2-4 and 5-7, respectively. CONCLUSION Associations between birth weight and overweight/obesity at 15-20 years of age were modest, whereas the influence of BMI at 2-4 and 5-7 years on overweight/obesity at 15-20 years was moderate to strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Evensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ane Kokkvoll
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Kranz S, Brauchla M, Campbell WW, Mattes RD, Schwichtenberg AJ. High-Protein and High-Dietary Fiber Breakfasts Result in Equal Feelings of Fullness and Better Diet Quality in Low-Income Preschoolers Compared with Their Usual Breakfast. J Nutr 2017; 147:445-452. [PMID: 28077732 PMCID: PMC5320397 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the United States, 17% of children are currently obese. Increasing feelings of fullness may prevent excessive energy intake, lead to better diet quality, and promote long-term maintenance of healthy weight.Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a fullness-rating tool (aim 1) and to determine whether a high-protein (HP), high-fiber (HF), and combined HP and HF (HPHF) breakfast increases preschoolers' feelings of fullness before (pre) and after (post) breakfast and pre-lunch, as well as their diet quality, as measured by using a composite diet quality assessment tool, the Revised Children's Diet Quality Index (aim 2).Methods: Children aged 4 and 5 y (n = 41; 22 girls and 19 boys) from local Head Start centers participated in this randomized intervention trial. Sixteen percent of boys and 32% of girls were overweight or obese. After the baseline week, children rotated through four 1-wk periods of consuming ad libitum HP (19-20 g protein), HF (10-11 g fiber), HPHF (19-21 g protein, 10-12 g fiber), or usual (control) breakfasts. Food intake at breakfast was estimated daily, and for breakfast, lunch, and snack on day 3 of each study week Student's t tests and ANOVA were used to determine statistical differences.Results: Children's post-breakfast and pre-lunch fullness ratings were ≥1 point higher than those of pre-breakfast (aim 1). Although children consumed, on average, 65 kcal less energy during the intervention breakfasts (P < 0.007) than during the control breakfast, fullness ratings did not differ (P = 0.76). Relative to the control breakfast, improved diet quality (12%) was calculated for the HP and HF breakfasts (P < 0.027) but not for the HPHF breakfast (aim 2).Conclusions: Post-breakfast fullness ratings were not affected by the intervention breakfasts relative to the control breakfast. HP and HF breakfasts resulted in higher diet quality. Serving HP or HF breakfasts may be valuable in improving diet quality without lowering feelings of satiation or satiety. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02122224.
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20
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Li S, Guo Y, Shen W, Fernandez C, Harville E, Bazzano LA, Urbina EM, He J, Chen W. Long-Term Excessive Body Weight and Adult Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Are Linked Through Later-Life Body Size and Blood Pressure: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circ Res 2017; 120:1614-1621. [PMID: 28232594 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Childhood adiposity is associated with cardiac structure in later life, but little is known regarding to what extent childhood body weight affects adult left ventricular geometric patterns through adult body size and blood pressure (BP). OBJECTIVE Determine quantitatively the mediation effect of adult body weight and BP on the association of childhood body mass index (BMI) with adult left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS This longitudinal study consisted of 710 adults, aged 26 to 48 years, who had been examined for BMI and BP measured ≥4× during childhood and ≥2× during adulthood, with a mean follow-up period of 28.0 years. After adjusting for age, race, and sex, adult BMI had a significant mediation effect (76.4%; P<0.01) on the childhood BMI-adult LV mass index association. The mediation effects of adult systolic BP (15.2%), long-term burden (12.1%), and increasing trends of systolic BP (7.9%) were all significant (P<0.01). Furthermore, these mediators also had significant mediation effects on the association of childhood BMI with adult LV hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. Importantly, the mediation effects of adult BMI were all significantly stronger than those of adult systolic BP on LV mass index, LV hypertrophy, and LV remodeling patterns (P<0.01). Additionally, the mediation effect of systolic BP on concentric hypertrophy was significantly stronger than that on eccentric hypertrophy (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased childhood BMI has long-term adverse impact on subclinical changes in adult cardiac structure, and early life excessive body weight and adult LV hypertrophy are linked through later life excessive body weight and elevated BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Shengxu Li
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Yajun Guo
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Wei Shen
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Emily Harville
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Jiang He
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.)
| | - Wei Chen
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (H.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (H.Z., T.Z., S.L., Y.G., W.S., C.F., E.H., L.A.B., J.H., W.C.); Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China (T.Z.); and Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (E.M.U.).
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21
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de Ruiter I, Olmedo-Requena R, Sánchez-Cruz JJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Trends in Child Obesity and Underweight in Spain by Birth Year and Age, 1983 to 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 70:646-655. [PMID: 28153550 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The prevalences of child obesity and overweight are increasing worldwide and are a significant public health issue, particularly in terms of long-term cardiovascular risk profiles, which continue into adulthood unless obesity is reversed. Accurately identifying trends and at-risk subgroups is crucial to correctly target public health initiatives. The objective of this study was to examine changes in the prevalences of child obesity and underweight in Spain from 1983 to 2011 taking into consideration both age and birth year. METHODS A series of cross-sectional studies representative of the pediatric population in Spain between 1987 and 2011 was used to calculate the prevalence and trends of excess weight and underweight in girls and boys aged 2 to 14 years per survey year and per birth year. RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity remained relatively stable. The prevalence of overweight in boys aged 10 to 14 years increased from 13.9% to 22.2%. The prevalence of obesity in girls aged 2 to 5 years decreased from 30% to 19.8%, whereas the prevalence of underweight in this group increased from 13.7% to 22.6%. CONCLUSIONS Child obesity trends in Spain over the last 2 decades appear to be stable with some fluctuations, but the trends differ depending on age and sex, and have stabilized at too high a level. The prevalence of underweight also appears to have increased and should be considered alongside excess weight when designing and implementing child health and weight measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Ruiter
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Sánchez-Cruz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Evensen E, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS, Skeie G. Tracking of overweight and obesity from early childhood to adolescence in a population-based cohort - the Tromsø Study, Fit Futures. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:64. [PMID: 27165270 PMCID: PMC4863357 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a serious childhood health problem today. Studies have shown that overweight and obesity tend to be stable (track) from birth, through childhood and adolescence, to adulthood. However, existing studies are heterogeneous; there is still no consensus on the strength of the association between high birth weight or high body mass index (BMI) early in life and overweight and obesity later in life, nor on the appropriate age or target group for intervention and prevention efforts. This study aimed to determine the presence and degree of tracking of overweight and obesity and development in BMI and BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) from childhood to adolescence in the Fit Futures cohort from North Norway. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, data on 532 adolescents from the Fit Futures cohort were supplemented with height and weight data from childhood health records, and BMI was calculated at 2–4, 5–7, and 15–17 years of age. Participants were categorized into weight classes by BMI according to the International Obesity Taskforce’s age- and sex-specific cut-off values for children 2–18 years of age (thinness: adult BMI <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: adult BMI ≥18.5- < 25 kg/m2, overweight: adult BMI ≥25- < 30 kg/m2, obesity: adult BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Non-parametric tests, Cohen’s weighted Kappa statistic and logistic regression were used in the analyses. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity combined, increased from 11.5 % at 2–4 years of age and 13.7 % at 5–7 years of age, to 20.1 % at 15–17 years of age. Children who were overweight/obese at 5–7 years of age had increased odds of being overweight/obese at 15–17 years of age, compared to thin/normal weight children (crude odds ratio: 11.1, 95 % confidence interval: 6.4–19.2). Six out of 10 children who were overweight/obese at 5–7 years of age were overweight/obese at 15–17 years of age. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age. We found a moderate indication of tracking of overweight/obesity from childhood to adolescence. Preventive and treatment initiatives among children at high risk of overweight and obesity should start before 5–7 years of age, but general preventive efforts targeting all children are most important. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0599-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Evensen
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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23
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Ruiz M, Goldblatt P, Morrison J, Porta D, Forastiere F, Hryhorczuk D, Antipkin Y, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Lioret S, Vrijheid M, Torrent M, Iñiguez C, Larrañaga I, Bakoula C, Veltsista A, van Eijsden M, Vrijkotte TGM, Andrýsková L, Dušek L, Barros H, Correia S, Järvelin MR, Taanila A, Ludvigsson J, Faresjö T, Marmot M, Pikhart H. Impact of Low Maternal Education on Early Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Europe. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016; 30:274-84. [PMID: 26945670 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparable evidence on adiposity inequalities in early life is lacking across a range of European countries. This study investigates whether low maternal education is associated with overweight and obesity risk in children from distinct European settings during early childhood. METHODS Prospective data of 45 413 children from 11 European cohorts were used. Children's height and weight obtained at ages 4-7 years were used to assess prevalent overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition. The Relative/Slope Indices of Inequality (RII/SII) were estimated within each cohort and by gender to investigate adiposity risk among children born to mothers with low education as compared to counterparts born to mothers with high education. Individual-data meta-analyses were conducted to obtain aggregate estimates and to assess heterogeneity between cohorts. RESULTS Low maternal education yielded a substantial risk of early childhood adiposity across 11 European countries. Low maternal education yielded a mean risk ratio of 1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34, 1.85) and a mean risk difference of 7.78% (5.34, 10.22) in early childhood overweight, respectively, measured by the RII and SII. Early childhood obesity risk by low maternal education was as substantial for all cohorts combined (RII = 2.61 (2.10, 3.23)) and (SII = 4.01% (3.14, 4.88)). Inequalities in early childhood adiposity were consistent among boys, but varied among girls in a few cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Considerable inequalities in overweight and obesity are evident among European children in early life. Tackling early childhood adiposity is necessary to promote children's immediate health and well-being and throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ruiz
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Goldblatt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joana Morrison
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health System, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Hryhorczuk
- Center for Global Health, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Youriy Antipkin
- Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marie-Josèphe Saurel-Cubizolles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1153, Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development Team (ORCHAD), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maties Torrent
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,IB-Salut Menorca Health Area, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- FISABIO - Universitat Jaume I - Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Larrañaga
- Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Chryssa Bakoula
- First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Veltsista
- First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manon van Eijsden
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre of Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre of Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics & Analyses (IBA), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Correia
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE), Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja Taanila
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Faresjö
- Department of Medicine and Health, Community Medicine/General Practice Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael Marmot
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Li S, Li Y, Hussain A, Fernandez C, Harville E, Bazzano LA, He J, Chen W. Long-term Impact of Childhood Adiposity on Adult Metabolic Syndrome Is Modified by Insulin Resistance: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17885. [PMID: 26640243 PMCID: PMC4671136 DOI: 10.1038/srep17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood adiposity and insulin resistance are well-known risk factors for adult metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aims to examine whether the association between childhood adiposity and adult MetS is modified by insulin resistance. The cohort consisted of 1,593 black and white subjects, aged 19-50 years at follow-up, who were examined 19 years apart on average as children and adults for MetS variables. The prevalence of adult MetS was compared between the insulin-sensitive obesity and insulin-resistant obesity groups in childhood. Adult MetS prevalence was higher in the insulin-resistant obesity group than in the insulin-sensitive obesity group (34.9% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.008). In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, race, gender, and follow-up years, individuals with insulin-resistant obesity in childhood were 1.7 times (p = 0.011) more likely to have MetS 19 years later on average than those with insulin-sensitive obesity in childhood. Odds ratio did not differ significantly between blacks and whites (p = 0.724). ORs for the association of childhood BMI with adult MetS significantly increased with increasing tertiles of childhood HOMA (p < 0.001 for trend). These findings suggest that insulin resistance amplifies the association between childhood adiposity and adult MetS and underscore the importance of preventing both adiposity and insulin resistance in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Azad Hussain
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Camilo Fernandez
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Emily Harville
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lydia A. Bazzano
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jiang He
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Wei Chen
- Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health and Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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25
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Kain J, Martínez M, Close M, Uauy R, Corvalán C. The association of excessive growth with development of general and central obesity at 7 years of age in every period after birth in Chilean children. Nutrition 2015; 32:426-31. [PMID: 26743976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether overweight or obesity between 0 and 6 y increases the probability of developing general/central obesity at 7 y. METHODS Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed between 0 and 6 y in 628 Chilean children. Body mass index, incidence of overweight (IOW), incidence of obesity (IOB), and prevalence at birth and 0 to 6, 6 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 mo and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for developing obesity/central obesity at 84 mo were calculated by sex. RESULTS IOW was highest at 6 to 24 mo (20.3% and 21.1% for girls and boys, respectively); IOB was highest at 6 to 24 and 24 to 48 mo (11% and 10%, respectively). OR for developing obesity at 7 y was significant if overweight was present 24 to 48 mo in girls and 6 to 24 mo in boys OR 2.47 [95% CI, 1.5-4] and OR 2.26 [95% CI, 1.30-3.92], respectively, and much higher for children who were obese, OR 6.1 (95% CI, 3.03-12.21) for girls 6 to 24 mo and OR 6.57 (95% CI, 2.55-16.86) for boys 0 to 6 mo. IOW or IOB was not associated with obesity at 84 mo, except for the previous period. Overweight also increased the risk of central obesity very early on, after 6 mo in girls and after birth in boys OR 3.8 [95% CI, 2.3-6.2] and OR 2.5 [95% CI, 2.04-3] at 6 to 24 and 0 to 6 mo, respectively, whereas obesity in all periods was associated with a significantly higher OR of presenting central obesity at 7 y. CONCLUSION There is tracking not only of obesity but also of overweight after birth for developing general or central obesity at 7 y. Prevention should begin very early on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Mario Martínez
- Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Close
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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26
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Sævarsson ES, Magnússon KT, Sveinsson T, Jóhannsson E, Arngrímsson SÁ. The association of cardiorespiratory fitness to health independent of adiposity depends upon its expression. Ann Hum Biol 2015. [PMID: 26207598 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1042522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvar Smári Sævarsson
- Center for Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Laugarvatn, Iceland and
| | | | - Thórarinn Sveinsson
- Research Centre of Movement Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erlingur Jóhannsson
- Center for Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Laugarvatn, Iceland and
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27
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Pryor LE, Brendgen M, Tremblay RE, Pingault JB, Liu X, Dubois L, Touchette E, Falissard B, Boivin M, Côté SM. Early Risk Factors of Overweight Developmental Trajectories during Middle Childhood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131231. [PMID: 26121682 PMCID: PMC4487897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is needed to identify early life risk factors associated with different developmental paths leading to overweight by adolescence. OBJECTIVES To model heterogeneity in overweight development during middle childhood and identify factors associated with differing overweight trajectories. METHODS Data was drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD; 1998-2010). Trained research assistants measured height and weight according to a standardized protocol and conducted yearly home interviews with the child's caregiver (mother in 98% of cases). Information on several putative early life risk factors for the development of overweight were obtained, including factors related to the child's perinatal, early behavioral family and social environment. Group-based trajectories of the probability of overweight (6-12 years) were identified with a semiparametric method (n=1678). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify early risk factors (5 months- 5 years) associated with each trajectory. RESULTS Three trajectories of overweight were identified: "early-onset overweight" (11.0 %), "late-onset overweight" (16.6%) and "never overweight" (72.5%). Multinomial analyses indicated that children in the early and late-onset group, compared to the never overweight group, had 3 common types of risk factors: parental overweight, preschool overweight history, and large size for gestational age. Maternal overprotection (OR= 1.12, CI: 1.01-1.25), short nighttime sleep duration (OR=1.66, CI: 1.07-2.57), and immigrant status (OR=2.01, CI: 1.05-3.84) were factors specific to the early-onset group. Finally, family food insufficiency (OR=1.81, CI: 1.00-3.28) was weakly associated with membership in the late-onset trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS The development of overweight in childhood follows two different trajectories, which have common and distinct risk factors that could be the target of early preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pryor
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Evelyne Touchette
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Quebec in Trois Rivières, Trois Rivières, Quebec
| | - Bruno Falissard
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U669, Paris, France
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, University of Montreal, Montreal, and University Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Ste Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, and French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
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Hinriksdóttir G, Tryggvadóttir Á, Ólafsdóttir AS, Arngrímsson SÁ. Fatness but Not Fitness Relative to the Fat-Free Mass Is Related to C-Reactive Protein in 18 Year-Old Adolescents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130597. [PMID: 26075745 PMCID: PMC4468067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interaction between fatness, fitness, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescents is not well characterized but may be important to prevent low grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between adiposity, different expressions of fitness, and CRP in late adolescence using direct measures of fitness and fatness. Methods Anthropometric measurements were taken on 245 eighteen-year-old participants (116 girls). Fasting CRP, glucose, and insulin were measured and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) calculated. Body composition was estimated via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fitness was assessed with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a treadmill test and also expressed relative to the fat-free mass (VO2maxFFM). Results Prevalence of overweight/obesity based on body mass index (BMI) was 20.7% and 25.6% among girls and boys, respectively (p = 0.407), but 42.5% and 58.1% when based on body fat percentage (%fat, p = 0.015). Higher proportion of boys (81.3%) than girls (54.5%) were highly fit (p<0.001), but the percentage of girls with high levels of CRP was greater (12.1% vs 6.2%, p = 0.028). Adiposity, indicated with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, android fat mass (aFM), or %fat, was positively associated with CRP independent of VO2max (r = 0.13-0.18, p<0.05) and VO2maxFFM (r = 0.24-0.32, p<0.001). VO2max, was negatively associated with CRP independent only of BMI and waist circumference (r = -0.21, p = 0.001), but not %fat, fat mass or aFM (r = -0.08 to -0.12, p>0.05). VO2maxFFM was unrelated to CRP with (r = -0.07 to -0.11, p>0.05) or without (r = -0.10, p = 0.142) adjustment for adiposity. Additional adjustment for HOMA did not change any of the relationships, although the coefficients were attenuated. Conclusions Fatness has a greater association with CRP than fitness in late adolescence. However, VO2maxFFM, which is truly independent of adiposity, is unrelated to CRP, indicating that the effects of fitness might be mediated via the fatness component embedded in fitness expressed relative to body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ágústa Tryggvadóttir
- Center for Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Laugarvatn, Iceland
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EINARSSON INGIÓR, ÓLAFSSON ÁGÚST, HINRIKSDÓTTIR GUNNHILDUR, JÓHANNSSON E, DALY DANIEL, ARNGRÍMSSON SIGURBJÖRNÁRNI. Differences in Physical Activity among Youth with and without Intellectual Disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:411-8. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dixon WE, Dalton WT, Berry SM, Carroll VA. Improving the accuracy of weight status assessment in infancy research. Infant Behav Dev 2014; 37:428-34. [PMID: 24956502 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both researchers and primary care providers vary in their methods for assessing weight status in infants. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare standing-height-derived to recumbent-length-derived weight-for-length standardized (WLZ) scores, using the WHO growth curves, in a convenience sample of infants who visited the lab at 18 and 21 months of age. Fifty-eight primarily White, middle class infants (25 girls) from a semi-rural region of southern Appalachia visited the lab at 18 months, with 45 infants returning 3 months later. We found that recumbent-length-derived WLZ scores were significantly higher at 18 months than corresponding standing-height-derived WLZ scores. We also found that recumbent-length-derived WLZ scores, but not those derived from standing height measures, decreased significantly from 18 to 21 months. Although these differential results are attributable to the WHO database data entry syntax, which automatically corrects standing height measurements by adding 0.7 cm, they suggest that researchers proceed cautiously when using standing-height derived measures when calculating infant BMI z-scores. Our results suggest that for practical purposes, standing height measurements may be preferred, so long as they are entered into the WHO database as recumbent length measurements. We also encourage basic science infancy researchers to include BMI assessments as part of their routine assessment protocols, to serve as potential outcome measures for other basic science variables of theoretical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace E Dixon
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, United States.
| | - William T Dalton
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, United States
| | - Sarah M Berry
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, United States
| | - Vincent A Carroll
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, United States
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van Rossem L, Wijga AH, Brunekreef B, de Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, Postma DS, Gehring U, Smit HA. Overweight in infancy: which pre- and perinatal factors determine overweight persistence or reduction? A birth cohort followed for 11 years. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:211-9. [PMID: 25413660 DOI: 10.1159/000360305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable proportion of children with early-life overweight attain a normal weight. To recognize infants at risk of persistent overweight, we compared early-life factors of children with a longitudinal pattern of persistent overweight to children with a pattern of overweight in early but not in later childhood. METHODS In 3,550 children participating in a birth cohort that started in 1996/1997 in the Netherlands, body mass index was repeatedly assessed until age 11 and dichotomized into with/without overweight. Latent class growth modeling was used to distinguish trajectories. Our analysis was focused on the comparison of early-life factors in children in a persistent overweight pattern with those in an overweight reduction pattern using multivariable log-binomial regression analyses. RESULTS Children (n = 133) in the persistent overweight pattern were more likely to have overweight parents [relative risk (RR)mother: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.37-2.49: RRfather: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.21-2.55] than children in the overweight reduction pattern (n = 303). Maternal education, child's gender, ethnicity, birth weight, breast-feeding and maternal smoking during pregnancy did not differ between the trajectories. CONCLUSION Health care practitioners should focus on high-weight infants with overweight parents, as these children are less likely to resolve their overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenie van Rossem
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Azadbakht L, Kelishadi R, Saraf-Bank S, Qorbani M, Ardalan G, Heshmat R, Taslimi M, Motlagh ME. The association of birth weight with cardiovascular risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children: the CASPIAN-III study. Nutrition 2013; 30:150-8. [PMID: 24206820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both high and low birth weights (HBW and LBW) are risk factors for adulthood diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of birth weight with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and mental problems among Iranian school-aged children. METHODS This national multicenter study of school-aged children entitled CASPIAN III was conducted among 5528 students in ranging from ages 10 to 18 y. Biochemical indices and anthropometric measurements were collected. Mental health was assessed by questionnaire. To investigate the association between birth weight categories and CVD risk factors and mental problems, multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS HBW adolescents were at higher risk for elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Ptrend < 0.05), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (Ptrend < 0.05), and lower risk for general obesity (Ptrend < 0.05) compared with the LBW category. HBW had no significant association with mental problems (Ptrend > 0.05) compared with LBW adolescents. The results of regression analysis, which considered normal birth weight as the reference group, showed that LBW students had lower risk for overweight and obesity (P < 0.01), as well as higher DBP (P < 0.05) but they were at higher risk for lower levels of HDL-C (P < 0.01). Furthermore, birth-weight categories had a U-shaped relationship with mental problems and sleep disorders (P < 0.05). Risk for confusion was higher among the LBW group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings from this population-based study revealed a positive relation between birth weight categories and CVD risk factors. Compared with students born with normal weight, those born with HBW and LBW were at higher risk for mental problems, sleep disorders, and confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Office of School Health, Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li N, Liu E, Guo J, Pan L, Li B, Wang P, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu G, Hu G. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on offspring overweight in early infancy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77809. [PMID: 24204979 PMCID: PMC3817352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with anthropometry in the offspring from birth to 12 months old in Tianjin, China. METHODS Between 2009 and 2011, health care records of 38,539 pregnant women had been collected, and their children had been measured body weight and length at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. The independent and joint associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG based on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines with anthropometry in the offspring were examined using General Linear Model and Logistic Regression. RESULTS Prepregnancy BMI and maternal GWG were positively associated with Z-scores for birth weight-for-gestational age, birth length-for-gestational age, and birth weight-for-length. Infants born to mothers with excessive GWG had the greatest changes in Z-scores for weight-for-age from birth to Month 3, and from Month 6 to Month 12, and the greatest changes in Z-scores for length-for-age from birth to months 3 and 12 compared with infants born to mothers with adequate GWG. Excessive GWG was associated with an increased risk of offspring overweight or obesity at 12 months old in all BMI categories except underweight. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG were associated with greater weight gain and length gain of offspring in early infancy. Excessive GWG was associated with increased infancy overweight and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Enqing Liu
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Gongshu Liu
- Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thorisdottir B, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorisdottir AV, Palsson GI, Halldorsson TI, Thorsdottir I. Nutrient intake in infancy and body mass index at six years in two population-based cohorts recruited before and after revision of infant dietary recommendations. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 63:145-51. [PMID: 23988865 DOI: 10.1159/000354431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The dietary intake in infancy can affect growth and the risk of childhood overweight. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrient intake in infancy and the body mass index (BMI) at age 6 years in two population-based cohorts recruited before and after the revision of infant dietary recommendations. METHODS Two randomly selected population-based cohorts were recruited at birth and studied until 12 months of age and again at 6 years of age. Subjects were 90 and 170 children born in 1995-1996 and 2005, respectively. The dietary intake at 9 and 12 months was assessed via weighed food records. The height and weight from birth to age 12 months and at age 6 years were measured. RESULTS The contribution of protein to the total energy intake (E%) was significantly lower in the 2005 cohort than in the 1995-1996 cohort [11.9 vs. 14.4 E% (p < 0.001) at 9 months and 14.6 vs. 15.6 E% (p = 0.016) at 12 months]. Relatively fewer children were classified as being overweight (including obese) in the 2005 cohort, i.e. 12 versus 21% (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION The emphasis placed on the revised infant dietary recommendations resulted in a lower protein intake in the latter half of the first year. Changes in the infants' diets on the population level might have contributed to the lower overweight prevalence seen in the 2005 cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Thorisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Durá Travé T, Gallinas Victoriano F. [Natural evolution of excess body weight (overweight and obesity) in children]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 79:300-6. [PMID: 23746464 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the chronological evolution of excess body weight (overweight and obesity) in order to raise public awareness within the different areas of intervention (family, school, business environment, health services) and to take effective actions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of 604 healthy subjects (307 males and 297 females) have been recorded at birth and at the age of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years. The excess body weight has been calculated according to national references from Ferrández et al. RESULTS Prevalence of excess body weight at age 14 years was significantly higher (P<.05) in males (29%) than in females (12.8%). BMI (kg/m2) was significantly higher (P<.05) for both sexes in every age period, except for birth and age 1 year, in those patients with excess body weight at age 14, with respect to patients with normal nutritional status of the same age. Those groups with excess body weight at age 14 showed a BMI (Z-score) reaching overweight or obesity levels at age 4, and progressively increasing. CONCLUSIONS Excess body weight probably starts at early stages in life, when dietary habits of the child depends almost exclusively on family habits, and may be aggravated during school attendance. Finally, a disproportionate weight increase occurs in adolescence that is probably related to unhealthy dietary habits and way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Durá Travé
- Servicio de Pediatría, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Osasunbidea, Pamplona, España.
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del Villar-Rubín S, Escorihuela Esteban R, García-Anguita A, Ortega Moreno L, Garcés Segura C. Valoración de la evolución temporal del sobrepeso desde la edad prepuberal hasta la adolescencia. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 78:389-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gately PJ, Curtis C. Implementing behaviour change for healthier lifestyles in obese children. NUTR BULL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Gately
- Leeds Metropolitan University; West Yorkshire; UK
| | - C. Curtis
- Leeds Metropolitan University; West Yorkshire; UK
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Sen S, Carpenter AH, Hochstadt J, Huddleston JY, Kustanovich V, Reynolds AA, Roberts S. Nutrition, weight gain and eating behavior in pregnancy: A review of experimental evidence for long-term effects on the risk of obesity in offspring. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wells JCK, Jonsdottir OH, Hibberd PL, Fewtrell MS, Thorsdottir I, Eaton S, Lucas A, Gunnlaugsson G, Kleinman RE. Randomized controlled trial of 4 compared with 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding in Iceland: differences in breast-milk intake by stable-isotope probe. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:73-9. [PMID: 22592102 PMCID: PMC6443300 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 mo after birth. However, the time at which breast milk ceases to provide adequate energy and nutrition, requiring the introduction of complementary foods, remains unclear. Most studies that investigated this issue were observational and potentially confounded by variability in social circumstances or infant growth. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that EBF infants would consume more breast milk at age 6 mo than infants receiving breast milk and complementary foods. DESIGN We measured anthropometric outcomes, body composition, and breast-milk intake at age 6 mo in infants who were randomly assigned at age 4 mo either to 6-mo EBF or to the introduction of complementary foods with continued breastfeeding. We recruited 119 infants from health centers in Reykjavik and neighboring municipalities in Iceland. In 100 infants who completed the protocol (50/group), breast-milk intake was measured by using stable isotopes, and complementary food intakes were weighed over 3 d in the complementary feeding (CF) group. RESULTS Breast-milk intake was 83 g/d (95% CI: 19, 148 g/d) greater in EBF (mean ± SD: 901 ± 158 g/d) than in CF (818 ± 166 g/d) infants and was equivalent to 56 kcal/d; CF infants obtained 63 ± 52 kcal/d from complementary foods. Estimated total energy intakes were similar (EBF: 560 ± 98 kcal/d; CF: 571 ± 97 kcal/d). Secondary outcomes (anthropometric outcomes, body composition) did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS On a group basis, EBF to age 6 mo did not compromise infant growth or body composition, and energy intake at age 6 mo was comparable to that in CF infants whose energy intake was not constrained by maternal breast-milk output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Chen X, Brogan K. Developmental trajectories of overweight and obesity of US youth through the life course of adolescence to young adulthood. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2012; 3:33-42. [PMID: 24600285 PMCID: PMC3915891 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s30178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect subgroups with different risks at different ages to develop overweight and obese during the adolescence-young adulthood period. DESIGN Accelerated longitudinal design and developmental trajectory analysis were used. The likelihoods to become overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) were assessed across the life course from the ages of 12 to 28 years. SUBJECTS Adolescent participants aged 12-17 years (n = 4119) identified in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 at baseline were followed up to 2008. RESULTS SEVEN OVERWEIGHT RISK GROUPS (WG) WERE DETECTED FOR MALE AND FEMALE SAMPLES RESPECTIVELY, OF WHICH FIVE WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING FIVE PERIODS: (a) middle-school ages (19.7% and 12.6% for male and female, respectively), (b) high-school ages (11.4% and 13.6%, respectively), (c) college ages (12.6% and 9.1%, respectively), (d) post-college ages (11.8% and 10.0%, respectively), and (e) work-family-formation ages (11.0% and 12.9%, respectively); two were nonperiod-specific groups: a permanent low-risk group for both sexes (27.3% for male, 36.4% for female), a growing-risk group for males (6.2%), and a self-limiting risk group for females (5.4%, with the likelihood increasing with age, which peaked at the age of 21 years, and then declined). Likewise, six obesity risk groups (OG) were detected, of which four corresponded to the first four high-risk WG groups. The risk groups were relatively independent of race and educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study imply that five risk groups for weight gain like five consecutive "tests" exist from middle-school period to work-and-family formation. Failure to pass any of these tests in the life course could lead to overweight or obese status. Further research needs to study life-course-specific factors and mechanisms for more effective weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Chen
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn Brogan
- Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Dubois L, Ohm Kyvik K, Girard M, Tatone-Tokuda F, Pérusse D, Hjelmborg J, Skytthe A, Rasmussen F, Wright MJ, Lichtenstein P, Martin NG. Genetic and environmental contributions to weight, height, and BMI from birth to 19 years of age: an international study of over 12,000 twin pairs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30153. [PMID: 22347368 PMCID: PMC3275599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the genetic and environmental influences on variances in weight, height, and BMI, from birth through 19 years of age, in boys and girls from three continents. DESIGN AND SETTINGS Cross-sectional twin study. Data obtained from a total of 23 twin birth-cohorts from four countries: Canada, Sweden, Denmark, and Australia. Participants were Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) (same- and opposite-sex) twin pairs with data available for both height and weight at a given age, from birth through 19 years of age. Approximately 24,036 children were included in the analyses. RESULTS Heritability for body weight, height, and BMI was low at birth (between 6.4 and 8.7% for boys, and between 4.8 and 7.9% for girls) but increased over time, accounting for close to half or more of the variance in body weight and BMI after 5 months of age in both sexes. Common environmental influences on all body measures were high at birth (between 74.1-85.9% in all measures for boys, and between 74.2 and 87.3% in all measures for girls) and markedly reduced over time. For body height, the effect of the common environment remained significant for a longer period during early childhood (up through 12 years of age). Sex-limitation of genetic and shared environmental effects was observed. CONCLUSION Genetics appear to play an increasingly important role in explaining the variation in weight, height, and BMI from early childhood to late adolescence, particularly in boys. Common environmental factors exert their strongest and most independent influence specifically in pre-adolescent years and more significantly in girls. These findings emphasize the need to target family and social environmental interventions in early childhood years, especially for females. As gene-environment correlation and interaction is likely, it is also necessary to identify the genetic variants that may predispose individuals to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Dubois
- Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Durá-Travé T, Hualde-Olascoaga J, Garralda-Torres I. Exceso de peso corporal infantil en Navarra y su repercusión en la adolescencia. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 138:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Magnusson KT, Sigurgeirsson I, Sveinsson T, Johannsson E. Assessment of a two-year school-based physical activity intervention among 7-9-year-old children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:138. [PMID: 22185086 PMCID: PMC3257198 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) in children has declined in recent decades, highlighting the need for effective intervention programs for school-aged children. The main objective of this study was to assess to what extent PA during and after school hours changed among children who received a progressive two-year long intervention vs. that of children who only received general curriculum-based PA. Methods A cluster randomized intervention study was conducted and six elementary schools randomly assigned to serve as control- or intervention schools. All children attending second grade (mean age = 7.4 years - born in 1999) were invited to participate in the fall of 2006 (N = 320, 82% participated), again in 2007 (midpoint) and 2008 (end of intervention). The intervention consisted of multi-component PA-intervention during school hours and was conducted by teachers at each intervention school. PA was assessed by means of accelerometers and subjectively at the intervention schools via teachers' PA log-books. Results There was no difference in PA intensity (minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity - min of MVPA) between the two study groups at baseline, but children in the intervention schools were more physically active at moderate-to-vigorous intensity compared to those in control schools after one year of intervention (mean difference of MVPAlog-minutes: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.02, 1.20, p = 0.04). Moreover, the model for minutes of MVPA during school hours, showed a significant three-way interaction between time at mid-point, group and gender (mean difference of MVPAlog-minutes: 1.06, 95%CI: 0.15, 1.97, p = .02), indicating a significantly greater increase among the boys in the intervention schools compared to girls. No difference in PA was detected between the study groups at the end of the study period after two years of intervention. Conclusions The results suggest that the objective of increasing PA at school was met after one year of intervention, and it was more pronounced among boys. The lack of increase at the end of the study period suggested that any increase in PA during school may highly depend on both motivation and training of general teachers. Boys may respond better to PA interventions such as the one described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Thor Magnusson
- Research Centre for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Mandić Z, Pirički AP, Kenjerić D, Haničar B, Tanasić I. Breast vs. bottle: differences in the growth of Croatian infants. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2011; 7:389-96. [PMID: 21108738 PMCID: PMC6860865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to compare the growth of rural Croatian infants with 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth standards and to evaluate the potential preventive influence of breastfeeding on the development of obesity in infancy. Two hundred three infant-mother pairs from Baranja, an Eastern region of Croatia, were enrolled into this study. Retrospective evaluation of infants' medical charts was used to obtain anthropometric data recorded at the birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Infant feeding mode was self-reported by mothers. Breastfed infants gained the least weight of all observed groups. Up to 6 months of age, formula fed infants had the highest weight gain and after 6 months of age, mixed milk fed infants had the highest weight gain. At 12 months of age, 6.4% of all study infants and 7.6% of mixed milk fed infants were at risk of overweight, while the same risk for the group of breastfed infants was 4%. Most of the study infants achieved higher values of body mass and length than the child growth standards. Exclusively breastfed infants, in comparison with other study groups (formula fed infants, mixed milk fed infants and cow's milk fed infants), had lower weight-for-length z-scores during the first year, which suggests that breastfeeding may have a preventive impact on obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Mandić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR‐31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonija Perl Pirički
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Franje Kuhača 20, HR‐31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kenjerić
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Franje Kuhača 20, HR‐31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Parrett AL, Valentine RJ, Arngrímsson SÁ, Castelli DM, Evans EM. Adiposity and aerobic fitness are associated with metabolic disease risk in children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:72-9. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relative association of physical activity, cardiorespiratroy fitness (CRF), and adiposity with risk for metabolic disease in prepubescent children. Forty-six prepubescent children (age, 9.4 ± 1.7 years; 24 males) were assessed for adiposity (%fat) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CRF with a peak graded exercise test, and physical activity using pedometers. Metabolic disease risk was assessed by a composite score of the following factors: waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C ratio), glucose, and insulin. Adiposity was correlated with metabolic disease risk score, as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TAG, TC/HDL-C ratio, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = 0.33 to 0.95, all p < 0.05). Physical activity was negatively associated with metabolic disease risk score, as well as HOMA-IR, TAG, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = –0.32 to –0.49, all p < 0.05). CRF was inversely associated with metabolic disease risk score and HOMA-IR, TAG, TC/HDL-C ratio, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = –0.32 to –0.63, all p < 0.05). Compared across fitness–physical activity and fatness groups, the low-fit–high-fat and the low-activity–high-fat groups had higher metabolic risk scores than both low-fat groups. Regression analyses revealed sexual maturity (β = 0.27, p = 0.044) and %fat (β = 0.49, p = 0.005) were the only independent predictors of metabolic disease risk score, explaining 4.7% and 9.5% of the variance, respectively. Adiposity appears to be an influential factor for metabolic disease risk in prepubescent children, and fitness is protective against metabolic disease risk in the presence of high levels of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Parrett
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, MC-052, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Iceland, Center for Sport and Health Sciences, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, MC-052, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Iceland, Center for Sport and Health Sciences, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Sigurbjörn Á. Arngrímsson
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, MC-052, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Iceland, Center for Sport and Health Sciences, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Darla M. Castelli
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, MC-052, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Iceland, Center for Sport and Health Sciences, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
| | - Ellen M. Evans
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, MC-052, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Iceland, Center for Sport and Health Sciences, 840 Laugarvatn, Iceland
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Rückinger S, Beyerlein A, Jacobsen G, von Kries R, Vik T. Growth in utero and body mass index at age 5 years in children of smoking and non-smoking mothers. Early Hum Dev 2010; 86:773-7. [PMID: 20869819 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High birth weight is associated with overweight later in life, while tobacco exposure in utero is associated with low birth weight, but with later risk of overweight. AIMS To examine whether body mass index (BMI) z-scores of children at age 5 are associated with measurements of mid-abdominal diameter (MAD) in utero comparing smoking and non-smoking mothers. STUDY DESIGN Growth in utero was recorded as MAD in mm per days of gestational age (MAD for gestational age) at 17, 25, 33 and 37 weeks of gestation in 561 infants whose mothers participated in a population-based study in Scandinavia (1986-1988). OUTCOME MEASURES The offspring's BMI z-score at 5 years was used as a dependent variable, and MAD for gestational age as well as birth weight divided by gestational age in days were included as explanatory variables in separate linear regression models. Maternal BMI was considered as a potential confounder. RESULTS At 17 and 25 weeks gestation there were no relevant differences in MAD for gestational age between smokers and non-smokers. At 33 and 37 weeks gestation, children of smoking mothers had less increase in MAD than children of non-smoking mothers. In adjusted models, MAD for gestational age in week 33 and 37 was positively associated with BMI z-score at 5 years of age among children of both smoking and non-smoking mothers. CONCLUSIONS In this study overweight in children exposed to tobacco smoking in utero was apparently not mediated through foetal growth retardation, followed by enhanced fat accretion after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rückinger
- Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany.
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Infant overweight is associated with delayed motor development. J Pediatr 2010; 157:20-25.e1. [PMID: 20227724 PMCID: PMC3395373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how infant overweight and high subcutaneous fat relate to infant motor development. STUDY DESIGN Participants were from the Infant Care, Feeding, and Risk of Obesity Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of low-income African-American mother-infant dyads assessed from 3 to 18 months of age (836 observations on 217 infants). Exposures were overweight (weight-for-length z-score>or=90th percentile of 2000 Centers for Disease Control/National Center for Health Statistics growth reference) and high subcutaneous fat (sum of 3 skinfold measurements>90th percentile of our sample). Motor development was assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. Developmental delay was characterized as a standardized Psychomotor Development Index score<85. Longitudinal models estimated developmental outcomes as functions of time-varying overweight and subcutaneous fat, controlling for age and sex. Alternate models tested concurrent and lagged relationships (earlier weight or subcutaneous fat predicting current motor development). RESULTS Motor delay was 1.80 times as likely in overweight infants compared with non-overweight infants (95% CI,1.09-2.97) and 2.32 times as likely in infants with high subcutaneous fat compared with infants with lower subcutaneous fat (95% CI, 1.26-4.29). High subcutaneous fat was also associated with delay in subsequent motor development (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.08-4.76). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric overweight and high subcutaneous fat are associated with delayed infant motor development.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and tracking of overweight and obesity in a representative sample of Greek youth and the relation with child and parental factors. METHODS Data were derived from 2 follow-ups of the Greek 1983 National Perinatal Survey by means of a questionnaire completed by parents in 1990 and parents/adolescents in 2001. Parent- and self-reported height and weight measurements were available for 7,219 participants aged 7, and 2,842 participants aged 18. RESULTS The overall overweight/obesity prevalence was 24.3% at age 7, and 15.1% at age 18. The overweight prevalence increased from childhood to adolescence in boys (16.1 to 19.1%) and decreased in girls (19.2 to 8.0%), while the obesity prevalence showed a decrease in both boys (6.2 to 3.6%) and girls (5.8 to 1.0%). Overall, tracking of weight status was 73.7%. More boys (49.2%) remained overweight/obese than girls (24.7%). At age 7, overweight/ obesity was positively associated with male gender, paternal education, and urban residence. Overweight/obesity also correlated with male gender at age 18, and with parental weight status. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight among Greek youth is high and showed an increase from childhood to adolescence in boys, and a decrease in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Veltsista
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Child-care use and the association with body mass index and overweight in children from 7 months to 2 years of age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1480-6. [PMID: 20498654 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies regarding the association of child-care use with body mass index (BMI), overweight or obesity development show contradictory results. This study examined the relationship between child-care use and BMI z-scores and overweight, as well as associates of child-care use in children up to 2 years old. METHODS Longitudinal data originated from the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Questionnaires assessed child-care use at ages 7 months and 1 and 2 years (N=2396). Height and weight assessed at 1 and 2 years were used to calculate BMI z-scores. Overweight was defined as a BMI z-score of ≥85th percentile. The influence of child-care use on weight development was tested using backward linear and logistic regression analyses. Outcomes were: (1) BMI z-score at 1 and 2 years; (2) change in BMI z-score between 1 and 2 years; (3) overweight vs non-overweight at 1 and 2 years; and (4) change from normal weight to overweight vs remaining normal weight between 1 and 2 years. The association between child-care use and parental background characteristics was tested using backward logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Child-care use (no/yes) at 1 and 2 years positively predicted BMI z-scores at age 2 years, as well as change in BMI z-score between 1 and 2 years. These associations were adjusted for various covariates (for example, parental working hours). Furthermore, child-care use significantly increased the odds of being overweight at age 1 year. There were few differences in BMI or overweight between intensive (>16 h per week) and limited child-care use (≤16 h). Child-care use was positively associated with various parental characteristics, including parental working hours and maternal educational level. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a small influence of child-care use on weight development in very young children. The child-care setting could have an important role in preventive interventions against overweight and obesity development in young children.
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Eiđsdóttir SÞ, Kristjánsson ÁL, Sigfúsdóttir ID, Garber CE, Allegrante JP. Trends in body mass index among Icelandic adolescents and young adults from 1992 to 2007. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:2191-207. [PMID: 20623019 PMCID: PMC2898044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7052191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trends in body mass index (BMI) among 51,889 14- to 20-year-old Icelandic adolescents and young adults were examined using data from cross-sectional population surveys conducted from 1992 to 2007. Prevalence of overweight increased for both genders in all age groups, except for 14- and 20-year-old girls. Obesity prevalence increased among boys in all age groups, except for 16-year-olds, and among 15- and 20-year-old girls. The largest increase in obesity rates among both genders was found in the oldest age group. Moreover, not only has the prevalence of obesity increased, but also the extent of obesity has grown more severe among 15- and 17-year-olds boys and among girls in the oldest age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigríđur Þ. Eiđsdóttir
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Álfgeir L. Kristjánsson
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, School of Health and Education, Reykjavik University, Ofanleiti 2, 103 Reykjavík, Iceland; E-Mails:
(A.L.K.);
(I.D.S.)
| | - Inga D. Sigfúsdóttir
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, School of Health and Education, Reykjavik University, Ofanleiti 2, 103 Reykjavík, Iceland; E-Mails:
(A.L.K.);
(I.D.S.)
| | - Carol E. Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; E-Mail:
| | - John P. Allegrante
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; E-Mail:
- Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, School of Health and Education, Reykjavik University, Ofanleiti 2, 103 Reykjavík, Iceland; E-Mails:
(A.L.K.);
(I.D.S.)
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +1-212-678-3960; Fax: +1-212-678-8259
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