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Powell H, Coarfa C, Ruiz-Echartea E, Grimm SL, Najjar O, Yu B, Olivares L, Scheurer ME, Ballantyne C, Alsarraj A, Salem EM, Thrift AP, El Serag HB, Kaochar S. Differences in Prediagnostic Serum Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiles Between Cirrhosis Patients with and without Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1699-1712. [PMID: 39263690 PMCID: PMC11389719 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s474010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, but we lack robust clinical biomarkers. This study aimed to identify a metabolite and/or lipid panel for early HCC detection. Methods We developed a high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiling platform and evaluated differences in the global metabolome and lipidome between 28 pre-diagnostic serum samples from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently developed HCC (cases) and 30 samples from patients with cirrhosis and no HCC (controls). We linked differentially expressed metabolites and lipids to their associated genes, proteins, and transcriptomic signatures in publicly available datasets. We used machine learning models to identify a minimal panel to distinguish between cases and controls. Results Among cases compared with controls, 124 metabolites and 246 lipids were upregulated, while 208 metabolites and 73 lipids were downregulated. The top upregulated metabolites were glycoursodeoxycholic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, octanoyl-coenzyme A, and glycocholic acid. Elevated lipids comprised glycerol lipids, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas suppressed lipids included oxidized phosphatidylcholine and lysophospholipids. There was an overlap between differentially expressed metabolites and lipids and previously published transcriptomic signatures, illustrating an association with liver disease severity. A panel of 12 metabolites that distinguished between cases and controls with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.98 for the support vector machine (interquartile range, 0.9-1). Conclusion Using prediagnostic serum samples, we identified a promising metabolites panel that accurately identifies patients with cirrhosis who progressed to HCC. Further validation of this panel is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Powell
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Ruiz-Echartea
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar Najjar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Olivares
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Abeer Alsarraj
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aaron P Thrift
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hashem B El Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salma Kaochar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Vanli S, Kurtoglu F, Alan BS, Akcakavak G, Ozdemir O. Investigation of the effects of Theranekron and Sorafenib treatments on carcinogenesis, apoptosis and biochemical profile in hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:750-760. [PMID: 38577837 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2332909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcohol extract (TCAE, Theranekron) and Sorafenib (S) treatments on carcinogenesis, apoptosis and biochemical profile of rats with experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the presented study, 58 male rats were divided into 7 groups; Negative Control (NC, n = 6), NC + TCAE (NCT, n = 6), NC + Sorafenib (NCS, n = 6), Positive Control (PC, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE (PCT, n = 10), Positive Control + Sorafenib (PCS, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE + Sorafenib (PCTS, n = 10). The active ingredients Diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 120 mg/kg, single dose) and Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR, 50 ppm, 21 weeks orally) were used to induce HCC in rats. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions and samples were collected for biochemical and pathological investigations. In the PC group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were higher (p < 0.001) and urea levels were lower (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. Treatment groups reorganized the relevant markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and urea). A significant increase was detected in Caspase-10, Caspase-3 and Granzyme-B (GrzB) (p < 0.001) in blood and Caspase-10 and GrzB (p < 0.05) in liver tissue in PCT, PCS and PCTS groups compared to the PC group. Histopathological examination revealed that the PC group showed cancer morphology, and the treatment groups caused a decrease in tumor incidence and size. Our current findings suggest that the mechanism of action of TCAE in HCC is through the NKs/CTLs-GrzB-Casp10-Casp3 signaling pathway and can be used in combination with chemotherapy drugs for the development of future drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Vanli
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilgin District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Firuze Kurtoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beyza S Alan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akcakavak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozdemir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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3
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Xiao G, Huang X, Huang T, Chen Z, Huang Y, Huang R, Wang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein differentially regulates the angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through p53-VEGF axis according to glucose levels. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101543. [PMID: 39216627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Blood glucose fluctuates severely in the diabetes (DM) and tumor microenvironment. Our previous works have found Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) differentially regulated metastasis and apoptosis of hepatoma cells depending on glucose concentration. We here aimed to explore whether HBx played dual roles in the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma varying on different glucose levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected conditioned medium from HBx-overexpressing cells cultured with two solubilities of glucose, and then applied to EA.hy926 cells. Alternatively, a co-culture cell system was established with hepatoma cells and EA.hy926 cells. We analyzed the angiogenesis of EA.hy926 cells with CCK8, wound-healing, transwell-migartion and tube formation experiment. ELISA was conducted to detect the secretion levels of angiogenesis-related factors. siRNAs were used to detect the P53-VEGF axis. RESULTS HBx expressed in hepatoma cells suppressed VEGF secretion, and subsequently inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of EA.hy926 cells in a high glucose condition, while attenuating these in the lower glucose condition. Furthermore, the p53-VEGF axis was required for the dual role of HBx in angiogenesis. Additionally, HBx mainly regulated the nuclear p53. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the dual roles of HBx confer hepatoma cells to remain in a glucose-rich environment and escape from the glucose-low milieu through tumor vessels, promoting liver tumor progression overall. We exclusively revealed the dual role of HBx on the angiogenesis of liver tumors, which may shed new light on the mechanism and management strategy of HBV- and DM-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 105, Jiuyibei Road, Xin Luo, Longyan, Fujian 364000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, 1, Xuefubei Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Yuehong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, 1, Xuefubei Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29, Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China; Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, 1, Xuefubei Road, Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
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Kong Y, Wang Y, Yang Q, Ye S. Immunotherapy and liver cancer research trends and the 100 most cited articles: A bibliometric analysis. Technol Health Care 2024:THC241111. [PMID: 39093101 DOI: 10.3233/thc-241111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bibliometric analysis of liver cancer research, particularly in immunotherapy, reveals crucial insights. The US leads in liver cancer mortality but ranks fifth globally. OBJECTIVE Scopus database analysis identified 2,349 papers, with the top 100 ranging from 127 to 4,959 citations. Notably, "Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumours Progression and Metastasis" in the Journal of Nature Medicine garnered the highest citations. METHODS Journals like the Journal of Hepatology, Hepatology, and Nature Reports Clinical Oncology contributed significantly. Understanding molecular mechanisms and prognostic indicators is paramount for advancing combination therapies. RESULTS For better patient outcomes, research trends in liver cancer immunotherapy point to improved treatment protocols, knowledge of the tumor microenvironment, combining therapies, predicting disease course, international cooperation, sophisticated surgical techniques, early detection, oncolytic virotherapy, and patient-centered care. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores immunotherapy's pivotal role and encourages further exploration, offering valuable insights into liver cancer treatment trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Koi Y, Watanabe A, Kawasaki A, Ideo S, Matsutani N, Miyashita K, Shioi S, Tokunaga E, Shimokawa M, Nakatsu Y, Kuraoka I, Oda S. Mutation spectra of the BRCA1/2 genes in human breast and ovarian cancer and germline. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:179-186. [PMID: 38860553 DOI: 10.1002/em.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Annotating genomic sequence alterations is sometimes a difficult decision, particularly in missense variants with uncertain pathogenic significance and also in those presumed as germline pathogenic variants. We here suggest that mutation spectrum may also be useful for judging them. From the public databases, 982 BRCA1/1861 BRCA2 germline missense variants and 294 BRCA1/420 BRCA2 somatic missense variants were obtained. We then compared their mutation spectra, i.e., the frequencies of two transition- and four transversion-type mutations, in each category. Intriguingly, in BRCA1 variants, A:T to C:G transversion, which was relatively frequent in the germline, was extremely rare in somatic, particularly breast cancer, cells (p = .03). Conversely, A:T to T:A transversion was most infrequent in the germline, but not rare in somatic cells. Thus, BRCA1 variants with A:T to T:A transversion may be suspected as somatic, and those with A:T to C:G as being in the germline. These tendencies of mutation spectrum may also suggest the biological and chemical origins of the base alterations. On the other hand, unfortunately, variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were not distinguishable by mutation spectrum. Our findings warrant further and more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Koi
- Department of Breast Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Arisa Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akari Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Ideo
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nao Matsutani
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Miyashita
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shioi
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Breast Oncology, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Kuraoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Oda
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics, NHO Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Zhai J, Liu Y, Ji W, Huang X, Wang P, Li Y, Li H, Wong AHH, Zhou X, Chen P, Wang L, Yang N, Chen C, Chen H, Mak PI, Deng CX, Martins R, Yang M, Ho TY, Yi S, Yao H, Jia Y. Drug screening on digital microfluidics for cancer precision medicine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4363. [PMID: 38778087 PMCID: PMC11111680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug screening based on in-vitro primary tumor cell culture has demonstrated potential in personalized cancer diagnosis. However, the limited number of tumor cells, especially from patients with early stage cancer, has hindered the widespread application of this technique. Hence, we developed a digital microfluidic system for drug screening using primary tumor cells and established a working protocol for precision medicine. Smart control logic was developed to increase the throughput of the system and decrease its footprint to parallelly screen three drugs on a 4 × 4 cm2 chip in a device measuring 23 × 16 × 3.5 cm3. We validated this method in an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenograft mouse model and liver cancer specimens from patients, demonstrating tumor suppression in mice/patients treated with drugs that were screened to be effective on individual primary tumor cells. Mice treated with drugs screened on-chip as ineffective exhibited similar results to those in the control groups. The effective drug identified through on-chip screening demonstrated consistency with the absence of mutations in their related genes determined via exome sequencing of individual tumors, further validating this protocol. Therefore, this technique and system may promote advances in precision medicine for cancer treatment and, eventually, for any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiqing Ji
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Huang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ada Hang-Heng Wong
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- College of electrical and information engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- College of electrical and information engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitian Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pui-In Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rui Martins
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- On leave from Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsung-Yi Ho
- Department of Compute Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhong Yi
- Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hailong Yao
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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7
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Venkateswaran N, Garcia R, Lafita-Navarro MC, Hao YH, Perez-Castro L, Nogueira PAS, Solmonson A, Mender I, Kilgore JA, Fang S, Brown IN, Li L, Parks E, Lopes Dos Santos I, Bhaskar M, Kim J, Jia Y, Lemoff A, Grishin NV, Kinch L, Xu L, Williams NS, Shay JW, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhu H, Conacci-Sorrell M. Tryptophan fuels MYC-dependent liver tumorigenesis through indole 3-pyruvate synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4266. [PMID: 38769298 PMCID: PMC11106337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic activities and nutritional dependencies compared to normal cells. Thus, characterization of nutrient demands by individual tumor types may identify specific vulnerabilities that can be manipulated to target the destruction of cancer cells. We find that MYC-driven liver tumors rely on augmented tryptophan (Trp) uptake, yet Trp utilization to generate metabolites in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is reduced. Depriving MYC-driven tumors of Trp through a No-Trp diet not only prevents tumor growth but also restores the transcriptional profile of normal liver cells. Despite Trp starvation, protein synthesis remains unhindered in liver cancer cells. We define a crucial role for the Trp-derived metabolite indole 3-pyruvate (I3P) in liver tumor growth. I3P supplementation effectively restores the growth of liver cancer cells starved of Trp. These findings suggest that I3P is a potential therapeutic target in MYC-driven cancers. Developing methods to target this metabolite represents a potential avenue for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Roy Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lizbeth Perez-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pedro A S Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shun Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Isabella N Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Emily Parks
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Igor Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mahima Bhaskar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Kinch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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8
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Yao Y, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhang H. MDM2: current research status and prospects of tumor treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 38741108 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mousedouble minute 2 (MDM2) is one of the molecules activated by p53 and plays an important role in the regulation of p53. MDM2 is generally believed to function as a negative regulator of p53 by facilitating its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Consequently, blocked p53 activity often fails in damaged cells to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Given that around 50% of human cancers involve the inactivation of p53 through genetic mutations, and directly targeting p53 through drug development has limited feasibility, targeting molecular regulation related to p53 has great potential and has become a research hotspot. For example, developing drugs that target the interaction between p53 and MDM2. Such drugs aim to reactivate p53 by targeting either MDM2 binding or p53 phosphorylation. Researchers have identified various compounds that can serve as inhibitors, either by directly binding to MDM2 or by modifying p53 through phosphorylation. Furthermore, a significant correlation exists between the expression of MDM2 in tumors and the effectiveness of immunotherapy, predominantly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular characteristics of MDM2 and the current state of research on MDM2-targeting inhibitors. It includes a review of the impact of MDM2 targeting on the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing guidance and direction for the development of drugs targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction and optimization of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yao
- Zhaotong Health Vocational College, No 603 Yucai Road, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, 657000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Zhaotong Health Vocational College, No 603 Yucai Road, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, 657000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Zhaotong Health Vocational College, No 603 Yucai Road, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, 657000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hushan Zhang
- Zhaotong Health Vocational College, No 603 Yucai Road, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, 657000, People's Republic of China.
- Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650302, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Qiao L, Li C, Lin W, He X, Mi J, Tong Y, Gao J. ViroISDC: a method for calling integration sites of hepatitis B virus based on feature encoding. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:177. [PMID: 38704528 PMCID: PMC11070082 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrates into human chromosomes and can lead to genomic instability and hepatocarcinogenesis. Current tools for HBV integration site detection lack accuracy and stability. RESULTS This study proposes a deep learning-based method, named ViroISDC, for detecting integration sites. ViroISDC generates corresponding grammar rules and encodes the characteristics of the language data to predict integration sites accurately. Compared with Lumpy, Pindel, Seeksv, and SurVirus, ViroISDC exhibits better overall performance and is less sensitive to sequencing depth and integration sequence length, displaying good reliability, stability, and generality. Further downstream analysis of integrated sites detected by ViroISDC reveals the integration patterns and features of HBV. It is observed that HBV integration exhibits specific chromosomal preferences and tends to integrate into cancerous tissue. Moreover, HBV integration frequency was higher in males than females, and high-frequency integration sites were more likely to be present on hepatocarcinogenesis- and anti-cancer-related genes, validating the reliability of the ViroISDC. CONCLUSIONS ViroISDC pipeline exhibits superior precision, stability, and reliability across various datasets when compared to similar software. It is invaluable in exploring HBV infection in the human body, holding significant implications for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqi He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Mi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jingyang Gao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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10
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Cai H, Meng Z, Yu F. The involvement of ROS-regulated programmed cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104361. [PMID: 38626849 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxidative species (ROS) is a crucial factor in the regulation of cellular biological activity and function, and aberrant levels of ROS can contribute to the development of a variety of diseases, particularly cancer. Numerous discoveries have affirmed that this process is strongly associated with "programmed cell death (PCD)," which refers to the suicide protection mechanism initiated by cells in response to external stimuli, such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc. Research has demonstrated that ROS-induced PCD is crucial for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These activities serve a dual function in both facilitating and inhibiting cancer, suggesting the existence of a delicate balance within healthy cells that can be disrupted by the abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby influencing the eventual advancement or regression of a tumor. In this review, we summarize how ROS regulates PCD to influence the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. Studying how ROS-induced PCD affects the progression of HCC at a molecular level can help develop better prevention and treatment methods and facilitate the design of more effective preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Cai
- The First Afliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fujun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Papadakos SP, Chatzikalil E, Arvanitakis K, Vakadaris G, Stergiou IE, Koutsompina ML, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Konstantinidis I, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Understanding the Role of Connexins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular and Prognostic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1533. [PMID: 38672615 PMCID: PMC11048329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Connexins, a family of tetraspan membrane proteins forming intercellular channels localized in gap junctions, play a pivotal role at the different stages of tumor progression presenting both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. Considering the potential role of connexins as tumor suppressors through multiple channel-independent mechanisms, their loss of expression may be associated with tumorigenic activity, while it is hypothesized that connexins favor the clonal expansion of tumor cells and promote cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, affecting metastasis and chemoresistance in some cases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by unfavorable prognosis and limited responsiveness to current therapeutic strategies, has been linked to gap junction proteins as tumorigenic factors with prognostic value. Notably, several members of connexins have emerged as promising markers for assessing the progression and aggressiveness of HCC, as well as the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of hepatocellular tumor cells. Our review sheds light on the multifaceted role of connexins in HCC pathogenesis, offering valuable insights on recent advances in determining their prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Chatzikalil
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Vakadaris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Maria-Loukia Koutsompina
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.E.S.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (V.L.)
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.A.); (V.L.)
| | | | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.V.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (E.C.)
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12
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Chen P, Li Y, Dai Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li G. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:581-594. [PMID: 38525158 PMCID: PMC10960512 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s450460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally and the primary cause of death in cancer cases, with significant public health concern worldwide. Despite the overall decline in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC in recent years in recent years, the emergence of metabolic liver disease-related HCC is causing heightened concern, especially in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and P.R. China. The escalation of metabolic liver disease-related HCC is attributed to a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and changes in the living environment. However, the pathogenesis of metabolic liver disease-associated HCC remains imperfect. In this review, we encapsulate the latest advances and essential aspects of the pathogenesis of metabolic liver disease-associated HCC, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and inherited metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Chen
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxuan Li
- Department of School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Dai
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Lin J, Guo H, Qin H, Zhang X, Sheng J. Integration of meta-analysis and network pharmacology analysis to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374988. [PMID: 38560356 PMCID: PMC10978761 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study will explore the therapeutic value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) through meta-analysis, combined with network pharmacology analysis. Methods: The results of randomized controlled trials on TCM and HCC were retrieved and summarized from multiple databases. The effective active com-pounds and target genes of the high-frequency TCM were obtained using the TCMSP database, and disease targets of HCC were acquired through the public disease database. The network pharmacology analysis was used to get the core genes and investigate the potential oncogenic molecular mechanism. Results: A total of 14 meta-analysis studies with 1,831 patients suggested that therapy combined TCM is associated with better clinical efficacy and survival prognosis, as well as avoiding many adverse events. A total of 156 compounds, 247 herbal target genes and 36 core genes were identified. The function analysis suggested above genes may participate development in HCC through regulating some pathways, such as HIF-1 pathway and PD-L1 immune-related pathway. Conclusion: TCM, as a novel, safe, and effective multi-mechanism therapy, holds greater value in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaijuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Rong Y, Tang MZ, Liu SH, Li XF, Cai H. Comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:436-457. [PMID: 38425388 PMCID: PMC10900145 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population, and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer. However, this mechanism of action has not been clarified. AIM To investigate the disease relevance of COVID-19 in liver cancer. METHODS Gene sets for COVID-19 (GSE180226) and liver cancer (GSE87630) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of COVID-19 and liver cancer, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction and screening and analysis of hub genes were performed. Subsequently, the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed. RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis. Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B, cyclin B2, cell division cycle 20, cell division cycle associated 8, nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1, etc., were further identified from DEGs using the "cytoHubba" plugin. Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation, cell cycle and other functions, and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer. Finally, we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19. These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Song-Hua Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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15
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Ahmadi Badi S, Bereimipour A, Rohani P, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Interplay between gut microbiota and the master iron regulator, hepcidin, in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftae005. [PMID: 38555503 PMCID: PMC10990161 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a proven role for hepcidin and the composition of gut microbiota and its derivatives in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis. AREA COVERED This review focuses on the literature search regarding the effect of hepcidin and gut microbiota on regulating liver physiology. We presented the regulating mechanisms of hepcidin expression and discussed the possible interaction between gut microbiota and hepcidin regulation. Furthermore, we investigated the importance of the hepcidin gene in biological processes and bacterial interactions using bioinformatics analysis. EXPERT OPINION One of the main features of liver fibrosis is iron accumulation in hepatic cells, including hepatocytes. This accumulation can induce an oxidative stress response, inflammation, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Hepcidin is a crucial regulator of iron by targeting ferroportin expressed on hepatocytes, macrophages, and enterocytes. Various stimuli, such as iron load and inflammatory signals, control hepcidin regulation. Furthermore, a bidirectional relationship exists between iron and the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. We explored the potential of gut microbiota to influence hepcidin expression and potentially manage liver fibrosis, as the regulation of iron metabolism plays a crucial role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1963737611, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran,1963737611, Iran
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Dibra D, Gagea M, Qi Y, Chau GP, Su X, Lozano G. p53R245W Mutation Fuels Cancer Initiation and Metastases in NASH-driven Liver Tumorigenesis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2640-2652. [PMID: 38047594 PMCID: PMC10761659 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant global health concern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are closely associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes. The TP53 tumor suppressor is the most frequently mutated gene in liver cancers, with half of these alterations being missense mutations. These mutations produce highly abundant proteins in cancer cells which have both inhibitory effects on wildtype (WT) p53, and gain-of-function (GOF) activities that contribute to tumor progression. A Western diet increases p53 activity in the liver. To elucidate the functional consequences of Trp53 mutations in a NASH-driven liver tumorigenesis model, we generated somatic mouse models with Trp53 deletion or the missense hotspot mutant p53R245W only in hepatocytes and placed mice on a high-fat, choline-deficient diet. p53R245W in the presence of diet increased fatty liver, compensatory proliferation in the liver parenchyma, and enriched genes of tumor-promoting pathways such as KRAS signaling, MYC, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition when compared with controls in the premalignant liver. Moreover, p53R245W suppressed transcriptional activity of WT p53 in the liver in vivo under metabolic challenges, and shortened survival and doubling of HCC incidence as compared with control heterozygous mice. Complete loss of Trp53 also significantly accelerated liver tumor incidence and lowered time-to-tumor development compared with WT controls. p53R245W GOF properties increased carcinoma initiation, fueled mixed hepatocholangial carcinoma incidence, and tripled metastatic disease. Collectively, our in vivo studies indicate that p53R245W has stronger tumor promoting activities than Trp53 loss in the context of NASH. SIGNIFICANCE Using somatic NASH-driven mouse models with p53 deletion or mutant p53R245W only in hepatocytes, we discovered that p53R245W increased carcinoma initiation, fueled hepatocholangial carcinoma incidence, and tripled metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denada Dibra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilda P. Chau
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Bartosh UI, Dome AS, Zhukova NV, Karitskaya PE, Stepanov GA. CRISPR/Cas9 as a New Antiviral Strategy for Treating Hepatitis Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:334. [PMID: 38203503 PMCID: PMC10779197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses. The chronic forms of hepatitis resulting from HBV and HCV infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while acute hepatitis can lead to acute liver failure, sometimes resulting in fatality. Viral hepatitis was responsible for over 1 million reported deaths annually. The treatment of hepatitis caused by viral infections currently involves the use of interferon-α (IFN-α), nucleoside inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (for HBV). However, these methods do not always lead to a complete cure for viral infections, and chronic forms of the disease pose significant treatment challenges. These facts underscore the urgent need to explore novel drug developments for the treatment of viral hepatitis. The discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the subsequent development of various modifications of this system have represented a groundbreaking advance in the quest for innovative strategies in the treatment of viral infections. This technology enables the targeted disruption of specific regions of the genome of infectious agents or the direct manipulation of cellular factors involved in viral replication by introducing a double-strand DNA break, which is targeted by guide RNA (spacer). This review provides a comprehensive summary of our current knowledge regarding the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in the regulation of viral infections caused by HAV, HBV, and HCV. It also highlights new strategies for drug development aimed at addressing both acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grigory A. Stepanov
- The Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (U.I.B.); (A.S.D.); (N.V.Z.); (P.E.K.)
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18
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Liu J, Park K, Shen Z, Lee H, Geetha P, Pakyari M, Chai L. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their cross talks in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285370. [PMID: 38173713 PMCID: PMC10762788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options beyond surgery and chemotherapy. Recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, including PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, have shown promise, but their efficacy has not met expectations. Biomarker testing and personalized medicine based on genetic mutations and other biomarkers represent the future direction for HCC treatment. To address these challenges and opportunities, this comprehensive review discusses the progress made in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for HCC, focusing on dissecting the rationales, opportunities, and challenges for combining these modalities. The liver's unique physiology and the presence of fibrosis in many HCC patients pose additional challenges to drug delivery and efficacy. Ongoing efforts in biomarker development and combination therapy design, especially in the context of immunotherapies, hold promise for improving outcomes in advanced HCC. Through exploring the advancements in biomarkers and targeted therapies, this review provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in the field and proposes strategies for rational combination therapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Park
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ziyang Shen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hannah Lee
- University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Mohammadreza Pakyari
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Abou-Shanab AM, Gaser OA, Salah RA, El-Badri N. Application of the Human Amniotic Membrane as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 38036871 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches suffer significant side effects and lack of clear understanding of their molecular targets. Recent studies reported the anticancer effects, immunomodulatory properties, and antiangiogenic effects of the human amniotic membrane (hAM). hAM is a transparent protective membrane that surrounds the fetus. Preclinical studies showed pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative properties of hAM treatment on cancer cells. Herein, we present the latest findings of the application of the hAM in combating HCC tumorigenesis and the underlying molecular pathogenies and the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), P53, WNT/beta-catenin, and PI3K/AKT pathways. The emerging clinical applications of hAM in cancer therapy provide evidence for its diverse and unique features and suitability for the management of a wide range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola A Gaser
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
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20
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Mosharaf MP, Alam K, Gow J, Mahumud RA. Exploration of key drug target proteins highlighting their related regulatory molecules, functional pathways and drug candidates associated with delirium: evidence from meta-data analyses. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:767. [PMID: 37993790 PMCID: PMC10666371 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric medical phenomenon that causes serious emergency outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. It also increases the suffering and the economic burden for families and carers. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of delirium is still unknown, which is a major obstacle to therapeutic development. The modern network-based system biology and multi-omics analysis approach has been widely used to recover the key drug target biomolecules and signaling pathways associated with disease pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify the major drug target hub-proteins associated with delirium, their regulatory molecules with functional pathways, and repurposable drug candidates for delirium treatment. METHODS We used a comprehensive proteomic seed dataset derived from a systematic literature review and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). An integrated multi-omics network-based bioinformatics approach was utilized in this study. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The gene set enrichment and signaling pathways analysis, the regulatory transcription factors and microRNAs were conducted using delirium-associated genes. Finally, hub-proteins associated repurposable drugs were retrieved from CMap database. RESULTS We have distinguished 11 drug targeted hub-proteins (MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53, JUN, STAT3, SRC, RELA, AKT1, MAPK14, HSP90AA1 and DLG4), 5 transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, TFAP2A and SREBF1) and 6 microRNA (miR-375, miR-17-5, miR-17-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125a-5p) associated with delirium. The functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the cytokines, inflammation, postoperative pain, oxidative stress-associated pathways, developmental biology, shigellosis and cellular senescence which are closely connected with delirium development and the hallmarks of aging. The hub-proteins associated computationally identified repurposable drugs were retrieved from database. The predicted drug molecules including aspirin, irbesartan, ephedrine-(racemic), nedocromil, and guanidine were characterized as anti-inflammatory, stimulating the central nervous system, neuroprotective medication based on the existing literatures. The drug molecules may play an important role for therapeutic development against delirium if they are investigated more extensively through clinical trials and various wet lab experiments. CONCLUSION This study could possibly help future research on investigating the delirium-associated therapeutic target biomarker hub-proteins and repurposed drug compounds. These results will also aid understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of delirium onset and molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Parvez Mosharaf
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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21
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Pal A, Tripathi SK, Rani P, Rastogi M, Das S. p53 and RNA viruses: The tug of war. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023:e1826. [PMID: 37985142 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Host factors play essential roles in viral infection, and their interactions with viral proteins are necessary for establishing effective pathogenesis. p53 is a host factor that maintains genomic integrity by controlling cell-cycle progression and cell survival. It is a well-known tumor suppressor protein that gets activated by various stress signals, thereby regulating cellular pathways. The cellular outcomes from different stresses are tightly related to p53 dynamics, including its alterations at gene, mRNA, or protein levels. p53 also contributes to immune responses leading to the abolition of viral pathogens. In turn, the viruses have evolved strategies to subvert p53-mediated host responses to improve their life cycle and pathogenesis. Some viruses attenuate wild-type p53 (WT-p53) function for successful pathogenesis, including degradation and sequestration of p53. In contrast, some others exploit the WT-p53 function through regulation at the transcriptional/translational level to spread infection. One area in which the importance of such host factors is increasingly emerging is the positive-strand RNA viruses that cause fatal viral infections. In this review, we provide insight into all the possible mechanisms of p53 modulation exploited by the positive-strand RNA viruses to establish infection. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Regulation RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apala Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priya Rani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Meghana Rastogi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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22
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Manfredi GF, Celsa C, John C, Jones C, Acuti N, Scheiner B, Fulgenzi CAM, Korolewicz J, Pinter M, Gennari A, Mauri FA, Pirisi M, Minisini R, Vincenzi F, Burlone M, Rigamonti C, Donadon M, Cabibbo G, D’Alessio A, Pinato DJ. Mechanisms of Resistance to Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1955-1971. [PMID: 37941812 PMCID: PMC10629523 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s291553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been revolutionized over the last few years following the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Despite the promising survival extension seen with ICI combination regimens, responses are not universally seen and the optimal partner for programmed cell death 1 pathway inhibitors remains to be identified. Even fewer encouraging results have been demonstrated with ICI used for monotherapy. Several mechanisms of resistance have been described so far, involving characteristics of cancer cells (intrinsic mechanisms) and of the surrounding tumor microenvironment (extrinsic mechanisms). Factors related to therapy may also contribute to the development of resistance. Increasing research efforts are being dedicated to the discovery of novel approaches and targets to overcome resistance, some of which may be introduced into clinic in the future. Herein we describe a selection of resistance mechanisms that have been involved in impairing response to ICI and propose potential therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.chir.on.s.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chloe John
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Jones
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicole Acuti
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bernhard Scheiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Angela Maria Fulgenzi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - James Korolewicz
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco A Mauri
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Burlone
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Department of Health Science, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University Maggiore Hospital della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cabibbo
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Alessio
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - David James Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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23
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Feng J, Xu X, Wu J, Guo C. Deciphering roles of TRIMs as promising targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: current advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115538. [PMID: 37729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family is assigned to RING-finger-containing ligases harboring the largest number of proteins in E3 ubiquitin ligating enzymes. E3 ubiquitin ligases target the specific substrate for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which seems to be a more effective and direct strategy for tumor therapy. Recent advances have demonstrated that TRIM genes associate with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRIMs trigger or inhibit multiple biological activities like proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, ferroptosis and autophagy in HCC dependent on its highly conserved yet diverse structures. Remarkably, autophagy is another proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation and TRIM proteins may help to delineate the interaction between the two proteolytic systems. In depth research on the precise molecular mechanisms of TRIM family will allow for targeting TRIM in HCC treatment. We also highlight several potential directions warranted further development associated with TRIM family to provide bright insight into its translational values in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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24
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Mukherjee S, Patra R, Behzadi P, Masotti A, Paolini A, Sarshar M. Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244345. [PMID: 37822929 PMCID: PMC10562563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or dying cells. The wide distribution of different cell types, ranging from epithelial to immune cells, highlights the crucial roles of TLRs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, TLRs binding mediates the expression of several adapter proteins and downstream kinases, that lead to the induction of several other signaling molecules such as key pro-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, extraordinary progress in immunobiological research has suggested that TLRs could represent promising targets for the therapeutic intervention of inflammation-associated diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections as well as human cancers. So far, for the prevention and possible treatment of inflammatory diseases, various TLR antagonists/inhibitors have shown to be efficacious at several stages from pre-clinical evaluation to clinical trials. Therefore, the fascinating role of TLRs in modulating the human immune responses at innate as well as adaptive levels directed the scientists to opt for these immune sensor proteins as suitable targets for developing chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics against cancer. Hitherto, several TLR-targeting small molecules (e.g., Pam3CSK4, Poly (I:C), Poly (A:U)), chemical compounds, phytocompounds (e.g., Curcumin), peptides, and antibodies have been found to confer protection against several types of cancers. However, administration of inappropriate doses of such TLR-modulating therapeutics or a wrong infusion administration is reported to induce detrimental outcomes. This review summarizes the current findings on the molecular and structural biology of TLRs and gives an overview of the potency and promises of TLR-directed therapeutic strategies against cancers by discussing the findings from established and pipeline discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Patra
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Chavda V, Zajac KK, Gunn JL, Balar P, Khadela A, Vaghela D, Soni S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Ethnic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence and therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1821. [PMID: 37344125 PMCID: PMC10440848 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence of HCC is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetically, mutations in the genes, tumor protein P53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARIC1A), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), mannose 6-phosphate (M6P), smooth muscle action against decapentaplegic (SMAD2), retinoblastoma gene (RB1), cyclin D, antigen presenting cells (APC), AXIN1, and E-cadherin, have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of HCC. Non-genetic factors, including alcohol consumption, exposure to aflatoxin, age, gender, presence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increase the risk of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS The severity of the disease and its occurrence vary based on geographical location. Furthermore, men and minorities have been shown to be disproportionately affected by HCC, compared with women and non-minorities. Ethnicity has been reported to significantly affect tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with HCC. Generally, differences in gene expression and/or the presence of comorbid medical diseases affect or influence the progression of HCC. Non-Caucasian HCC patients are significantly more likely to have poorer survival outcomes, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Finally, there are a number of factors that contribute to the success rate of treatments for HCC. CONCLUSION Assessment and treatment of HCC must be consistent using evidence-based guidelines and standardized outcomes, as well as international clinical practice guidelines for global consensus. Standardizing the assessment approach and method will enable comparison and improvement of liver cancer research through collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups. In this review, we will focus on discussing epidemiological factors that result in deviations and changes in treatment approaches for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Kelsee K. Zajac
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Jenna Lynn Gunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of PharmacologyL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Dixa Vaghela
- Pharmacy SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD SectionL M College of PharmacyAhmedabadIndia
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySt. John's UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoOhioUSA
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
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26
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Keng VW, Chiu AP, To JC, Li XX, Linden MA, Amin K, Moriarity BS, Yusa K. Transposon delivery for CRISPR-based loss-of-function screen in mice identifies NF2 as a cooperating gene involved with the canonical WNT signaling molecular class of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18774. [PMID: 37576222 PMCID: PMC10412851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various molecular subclasses of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exists, with many novel cooperating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in its tumorigenesis. The emerging importance of WNT signaling in HCC has been established. However, the intricate genetic mechanisms involved in this complex signaling pathway remains to be elucidated. Importantly, while some cooperating genes have been identified, there are still many unknown genes associated with catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1)-induced HCC. Mutations in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are required for HCC tumorigenesis. The emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has allowed researchers now to target both alleles efficiently. In this novel study, the Sleeping Beauty transposon system was used as a gene delivery system in vivo to stably integrate an expression cassette that carry pools of gRNAs and overexpress a mutant version of CTNNB1 into the hepatocyte genome. We identified 206 candidate genes that drive HCC tumorigenesis in the context of WNT signaling activation and, neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene, a known tumor suppressor gene with clinical relevance was validated in this proof-of-principle study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W. Keng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy P. Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeffrey C. To
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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27
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Li J, Wang X, Ren M, He S, Zhao Y. Advances in experimental animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15261-15276. [PMID: 37248746 PMCID: PMC10417182 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with insidious early symptoms, easy metastasis, postoperative recurrence, poor drug efficacy, and a high drug resistance rate when surgery is missed, leading to a low 5-year survival rate. Research on the pathogenesis and drugs is particularly important for clinical treatment. Animal models are crucial for basic research, which is conducive to studying pathogenesis and drug screening more conveniently and effectively. An appropriate animal model can better reflect disease occurrence and development, and the process of anti-tumor immune response in the human body. This review summarizes the classification, characteristics, and advances in experimental animal models of HCC to provide a reference for researchers on model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mudan Ren
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
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28
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Catalano T, Selvaggi F, Esposito DL, Cotellese R, Aceto GM. Infectious Agents Induce Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Deregulation in Primary Liver Cancers. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1632. [PMID: 37512809 PMCID: PMC10386003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between infectious agents and liver tissue, as well as repeated and extreme biological events beyond adaptive capacities, may result in pathological conditions predisposing people to development of primary liver cancers (PLCs). In adults, PLCs mainly comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Various infectious agents in the hepatic microenvironment can destabilize normal liver cell functions by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway components. Among them, hepatotropic viruses B, C, and D are involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling dysregulation. Other microbial agents, including oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), bacteria, e.g., Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Salmonella Typhi, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the fungus Aspergillus flavus, and liver flukes such as Clonorchissinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, may induce malignant transformation in hepatocytes or in target cells of the biliary tract through aberrant Wnt signaling activation. This review focuses on new insights into infectious agents implicated in the deregulation of Wnt signaling and PLC development. Since the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a driver of cancer following viral and bacterial infections, molecules inhibiting the complex axis of Wnt signaling could represent novel therapeutic approaches in PLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, ASL2 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Diana Liberata Esposito
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Gong J, Cong M, Wu H, Wang M, Bai H, Wang J, Que K, Zheng K, Zhang W, Yang X, Gong J, Shi H, Miao M, Yuan F. P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop regulates the termination of liver regeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1859-1877. [PMID: 36988541 PMCID: PMC10085612 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of the liver to restore its architecture and function assures good prognoses of patients who suffer serious hepatic injury, cancer resection, or living donor liver transplantation. Only a few studies have shed light on the mechanisms involved in the termination stage of LR. Here, we attempt to further verify the role of the p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop in the termination of liver regeneration and its possible relationship with liver cancer. METHOD We performed partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice transfected with adenovirus (Ade) overexpressing P53 and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) overexpressing miR-34a. LR was analyzed by liver weight/body weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and cell proliferation, and the related cellular signals were investigated. Bile acid (BA) levels during LR were analyzed by metabolomics of bile acids. RESULTS We found that the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop was activated in the late phase of LR. Overexpression of P53 or miR-34a terminated LR early and enhanced P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop expression and its proapoptotic effect. T-β-MCA increased gradually during LR and peaked at 7 days after PH. T-β-MCA inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis via facilitating the P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop during LR by suppressing FXR/SHP. The P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop was abolished in HCC patients with P53 mutations. CONCLUSIONS The P53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop plays an important role in the termination of LR. Our findings showed the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of LR termination and provide a potential therapeutic alternative for treating P53-wild-type HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Minghua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Cancer hospital, Beijing 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Menghao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - He Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Lianhu, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaetics, Dianjiang People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 408300, Chongqing, China
| | - Keting Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Fangchao Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
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Hu P, Zong B, Chen Q, Shao R, Chen M, Yang Y, Shao G. Microtubule-associated protein 4 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular cancer cells via regulating GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14309. [PMID: 36938447 PMCID: PMC10020083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major obstacle in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) plays an important role as a coordinator between microtubules and microfilaments. However, the role of MAP4 in HCC migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is unclear. We compared the protein and mRNA levels of MAP4 in human HCC and adjacent normal tissues using western blotting, immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. The migration and invasion abilities and the levels of EMT markers (E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail) were compared between MAP4-knockdown and MAP4-overexpressed HCC cells. Finally, we examined whether β-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) are involved in the stimulatory effects of MAP4 on HCC migration, invasion and EMT. The results revealed that MAP4 levels were higher in the HCC tissues than in the normal hepatic tissues. More importantly, MAP4 knockdown suppressed migration and invasion abilities and EMT processes in HCC cells, which were confirmed by the stimulatory effects of MAP4 overexpression on EMT processes in HCC cells. Further evidence demonstrated that the up-regulation of β-catenin activity induced by the interaction between MAP4 and GSK3β possibly accounted for the pro-migration and pro-EMT effects of MAP4 on HCC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MAP4 promotes migration, invasion, and EMT in HCC cells by regulating the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bin Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rui Shao
- Department of Pathology, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhou H, Zeng C, Liu J, Luo H, Huang W. F-Box Protein 43, Stabilized by N6-Methyladenosine Methylation, Enhances Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth and Invasion via Promoting p53 Degradation in a Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 C-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030957. [PMID: 36765911 PMCID: PMC9913344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of F-box protein 43 (FBXO43) in carcinogenesis have been rarely revealed. The present study investigates the expression, function, and underlying mechanism of FBXO43 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Firstly, the expression and clinical significance of FBXO43 in HCC were investigated bioinformatically and experimentally using online omics data and local tissue samples. The role of N6-methyladenosine modification (m6A) of mRNA in regulating FBXO43 expression and the effects of m6A/FBXO43 axis alteration on cell proliferation and invasion were investigated further. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the oncogenic FBXO43 was also explored. The results demonstrated that FBXO43 was significantly upregulated in HCC and was positively correlated with advanced progression and poor prognosis in patients. METTL3 and IGF2BP2 expressions were positively correlated with FBXO43 expression and served as the writer and reader of FBXO43 m6A, respectively, which stabilized and upregulated FBXO43 mRNA in HCC. FBXO43 silencing significantly reduced cell proliferation and invasion, and ectopic expression of FBXO43 could significantly restore the inhibitory effects caused by METTL3 and IGF2BP2 depletion in HCC cells. Mechanistically, FBXO43 depletion reduced the expression of UBE2C, a p53 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, suppressed proteasomal degradation of p53, and thus inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in HCC. In summary, the present study revealed that METTL3/IGF2BP2 mediated m6A contributed to the upregulation of FBXO43 that promoted the malignant progression of HCC by stimulating p53 degradation in a UBE2C-dependent manner, highlighting the promising application of FBXO43 as a target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Department of Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haijun Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18773187433
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Liu J, Zhang H, Xia P, Zhu Y, Xu K, Liu Z, Yuan Y. Genome stability‑related lncRNA ZFPM2‑AS1 promotes tumor progression via miR‑3065‑5p/XRCC4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:19. [PMID: 36524359 PMCID: PMC9812252 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a certain link to genomic stability (GS). However, the regulatory relationship of lncRNAs and GS has not been thoroughly investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, samples were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas with somatic mutations and lncRNA expression data. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The RNA levels were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and protein levels were detected by western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony‑formation assays were used to assess cell viability. Cell migration was measured by wound‑healing and Transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and cell‑cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry. GS was detected by alkaline comet and chromosomal aberration assays. A xenograft model and lung metastasis model were used to assess the role of zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 antisense 1 (ZFPM2‑AS1) in tumor growth in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of ZFPM2‑AS1 were investigated through bioinformatics prediction, RNA pull‑down and luciferase reporter assays. A total of 85 genomic instability‑related lncRNAs were identified and a prognostic model was developed. The prognostic model exhibited good predictive power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.786). ZFPM2‑AS1 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues (P<0.001) and it promoted DNA damage repair (P<0.01) and tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR‑3065‑5p was able to bind directly with ZFPM2‑AS1 and X‑ray repair cross complementing 4 (XRCC4). ZFPM2‑AS1 upregulated XRCC4 expression by acting as a sponge (P<0.001). In the present study, a prognostic model for HCC was developed and validated, and one lncRNA of its components was experimentally investigated. ZFPM2‑AS1 regulates XRCC4 by sponging miR‑3065‑5p to promote GS and HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Kequan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become clear that gut microbiota plays a major role in the human body, both in health and disease. Because of that, the gut microbiome and its impact on human well-being are getting wider and wider attention. Studies focused on the liver are not an exception. However, the majority of the analyses are concentrated on the bacterial part of the gut microbiota, while the fungi living in the human intestines are often omitted or underappreciated. This review is focused on the gut mycobiome as an important factor that should be taken into consideration regarding liver homeostasis and its perturbations. We have collected the findings in this field and we discuss their importance. We aim to emphasize the fungal compositional changes related to liver diseases and, by that, provide novel insights into the directions of liver research and gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szóstak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Therapeutic Algorithm for Localized and Advanced Disease. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3817724. [PMID: 36624801 PMCID: PMC9825221 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3817724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies. In recent years, there has been an advance in the knowledge of molecular mechanisms and a better staging definition of patients which has allowed the development of new therapies that have entered the therapeutic workup of these patients. Deep information on molecular drivers of HCC contributed to the development of targeted therapies with remarkable benefits. The novel strategies of targeting immune evasion using immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T and TCR-T therapeutics have also shown promising results. For advanced diseases, the therapeutic algorithm has been recently updated, thanks to the efficacy of combining immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in the first-line setting, and new drugs, both as single-agents or combinations, are currently under investigation.
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35
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Abou Baker DH, Mohammed DM. Polyphenolic rich fraction of Physalis peruviana calyces and its nano emulsion induce apoptosis by caspase 3 up-regulation and G2/M arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Pallerla SR, Hoan NX, Rachakonda S, Meyer CG, Van Tong H, Toan NL, Linh LTK, Giang DP, Kremsner PG, Bang MH, Song LH, Velavan TP. Custom gene expression panel for evaluation of potential molecular markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:235. [PMID: 36345011 PMCID: PMC9641913 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, which highlights the need for reliable biomarkers. This study aims to explore molecular markers that allow stratification of HCC and may lead to better prognosis and treatment prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 20 candidate genes (HCC hub genes, potential drug target genes, predominant somatic mutant genes) retrieved from literature and public databases with potential to be used as the molecular markers. We analysed expression of the genes by RT-qPCR in 30 HCC tumour and adjacent non-tumour paired samples from Vietnamese patients. Fold changes in expression were then determined using the 2-∆∆CT method, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was generated using Cluster v3.0 software. RESULTS Clustering of expression data revealed two subtypes of tumours (proliferative and normal-like) and four clusters for genes. The expression profiles of the genes TOP2A, CDK1, BIRC5, GPC3, IGF2, and AFP were strongly correlated. Proliferative tumours were characterized by high expression of the c-MET, ARID1A, CTNNB1, RAF1, LGR5, and GLUL1 genes. TOP2A, CDK1, and BIRC5 HCC hub genes were highly expressed (> twofold) in 90% (27/30), 83% (25/30), and 83% (24/30) in the tissue samples, respectively. Among the drug target genes, high expression was observed in the GPC3, IGF2 and c-MET genes in 77% (23/30), 63% (19/30), and 37% (11/30), respectively. The somatic mutant Wnt/ß-catenin genes (CTNNB1, GLUL and LGR5) and TERT were highly expressed in 40% and 33% of HCCs, respectively. Among the HCC marker genes, a higher percentage of tumours showed GPC3 expression compared to AFP expression [73% (23/30) vs. 43% (13/30)]. CONCLUSION The custom panel and molecular markers from this study may be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker-guided clinical trial design, and prediction of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Reddy Pallerla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le Thi Kieu Linh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Phuong Giang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Mai Hong Bang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Gastroenterology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Ahmad M, Dhasmana A, Harne PS, Zamir A, Hafeez BB. Chemokine clouding and liver cancer heterogeneity: Does it impact clinical outcomes? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1175-1185. [PMID: 35189322 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a predominant feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that plays a crucial role in chemoresistance and limits the efficacy of available chemo/immunotherapy regimens. Thus, a better understanding regarding the molecular determinants of tumor heterogeneity will help in developing newer strategies for effective HCC management. Chemokines, a sub-family of cytokines are one of the key molecular determinants of tumor heterogeneity in HCC and are involved in cell survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Herein, we provide a panoramic insight into the role of chemokines in HCC heterogeneity at genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, immune cell composition, and tumor microenvironment levels and its impact on clinical outcomes. Interestingly, our in-silico analysis data showed that expression of chemokine receptors impacts infiltration of various immune cell populations into the liver tumor and leads to heterogeneity. Thus, it is evident that aberrant chemokines clouding impacts HCC tumor heterogeneity and understanding this phenomenon in depth could be harnessed for the development of personalized medicine strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassier Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Prateek Suresh Harne
- DHR Health Gastroenterology, 5520 Leonardo da Vinci Drive, Suite 100, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Asif Zamir
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; DHR Health Gastroenterology, 5520 Leonardo da Vinci Drive, Suite 100, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States.
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Nagy G, Gerlei Z, Haboub-Sandil A, Görög D, Szabó J, Kóbori L, Huszty G, Bihari L, Rózsa B, Pőcze B, Máthé Z, Piros L. Optimizing Survival for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Report and Current Perspectives. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:2593-2597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sahyon HA, Shoair AGF, Althobaiti F, Shanab MMAH, Helal MA, Fathy AM, Aldhahrani A. Exploration of New Nickel and Copper(II) Complexes as Potential P53/Caspase 9 Activator in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Machida K. HCV and tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:903302. [PMID: 36187761 PMCID: PMC9520593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that are characterized by increased drug resistance. The incidence of many cancer types have trended downward except for few cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore mechanism of HCC development and therapy resistance needs to be understood. These multiple hits by hepatitis C virus (HCV) eventually promotes transformation and TIC genesis, leading to HCC development. This review article describes links between HCV-associated HCC and TICs. This review discusses 1) how HCV promotes genesis of TICs and HCC development; 2) how this process avails itself as a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment; and 3) ten hall marks of TIC oncogenesis and HCC development as targets for novel therapeutic modalities.
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Investigation of Anti-Liver Cancer Activity of the Herbal Drug FDY003 Using Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5765233. [PMID: 36118098 PMCID: PMC9481369 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5765233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer (LC) is the sixth-most frequently occurring and the second-most fatal malignancy, responsible for 0.83 million deaths annually. Although the application of herbal drugs in cancer therapies has increased, their anti-LC activity and relevant mechanisms have not been fully studied from a systems perspective. To address these issues, we conducted a system-perspective network pharmacological investigation into the activity and mechanisms underlying the action of the herbal drug. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC treatment. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC cells and elevated their chemosensitivity. There were a total of 16 potential bioactive chemical components in FDY003 and they had 91 corresponding targets responsible for the pathological processes in LC. These FDY003 targets were functionally involved in regulating the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of LC cells. Additionally, we found that FDY003 may target key signaling cascades connected to diverse LC pathological mechanisms, namely, PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, IL-17, FoxO, MAPK, and TNF pathways. Overall, this study contributed to integrative mechanistic insights into the anti-LC potential of FDY003.
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Gibson EA, Goldman RE, Culp WTN. Comparative Oncology: Management of Hepatic Neoplasia in Humans and Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090489. [PMID: 36136704 PMCID: PMC9505178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic neoplasia is uncommonly reported in dogs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent neoplasia identified in dogs and considerable effort has been committed towards identifying definitive and palliative treatment options. HCC is well recognized in humans as a sequelae of liver disease such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, while in dogs a similar link has failed to be fully elucidated. Management of HCC in people may be curative or palliative dependent on staging and transplant eligibility. Despite differences in etiology, there is substantial similarity between treatment options for liver neoplasia in human and veterinary medicine. The below summary provides a comparative discussion regarding hepatic neoplasia in dogs and people with a specific focus on HCC. Diagnosis as well as descriptions of the myriad treatment options will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Gibson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roger E. Goldman
- Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William T. N. Culp
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yin Y, Xu ZY, Liu YJ, Huang W, Zhang Q, Li JP, Zou X. Identification and Validation in a Novel Classification of Helicase Patterns for the Prediction of Tumor Proliferation and Prognosis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:885-900. [PMID: 36061235 PMCID: PMC9432388 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s378175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicases have been classified as a class of enzymes that determine the stability of the cellular genome. There is growing evidence that helicases can help tumor cells resist drug killing by repairing Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) or stabilizing transcription, which may contribute to the understanding of drug resistance. Currently, identifying cancer biomarkers among helicases and stratifying patients according to helicase activity will be able to guide treatment well. Methods We clustered 371 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by consensus clustering based on helicase expression profiles to identify potential molecular subtypes. The Multiscale Embedded Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (MEGENA) algorithm was used to find core differential gene modules between different molecular subtypes, and single-cell analysis was utlized to explore the potential function of hub gene. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to verify the diagnostic value of DDX56 and its ability to reflect the proliferation efficiency of cancer cells. Results We identified two subtypes associated with helicase. High helicase subtype was associated with poor clinical outcome, massive M0 macrophage infiltration, and highly active cell proliferation features. In addition, we identified a new biomarker, DDX56, which has not been reported in HCC, was highly expressed in HCC tissues, associated with poor prognosis, and was also shown to be associated with high cell proliferative activity. Conclusion In conclusion, based on helicase expression profiles, we have developed a new classification system for HCC, which is a proliferation-related system, and has clinical significance in evaluating prognosis and treating HCC patients, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, we identified a new biomarker, DDX 56, which is overexpressed in HCC tissues, predicts a poor prognosis and is a validated index of tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-pin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xi Zou; Jie-pin Li, Email ;
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Terrell JR, Tang S, Faniyi OO, Jeong IH, Yin J, Nijampatnam B, Velu SE, Wang W, Zhang R, Luo M. Structural studies of antitumor compounds that target the RING domain of MDM2. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4367. [PMID: 35900024 PMCID: PMC9301682 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to p53 and other protein substrates. The expression of MDM2 is elevated in cancer cells and inhibitors of MDM2 showed potent anticancer activities. Many inhibitors target the p53 binding domain of MDM2. However, inhibitors such as Inulanolide A and MA242 are found to bind the RING domain of MDM2 to block ubiquitin transfer. In this report, crystal structures of MDM2 RING domain in complex with Inulanolide A and MA242 were solved. These inhibitors primarily bind in a hydrophobic site centered at the sidechain of Tyr489 at the C-terminus of MDM2 RING domain. The C-terminus of MDM2 RING domain, especially residue Tyr489, is required for ubiquitin discharge induced by MDM2. The binding of these inhibitors at Tyr489 may interrupt interactions between the MDM2 RING domain and the E2-Ubiquitin complex to inhibit ubiquitin transfer, regardless of what the substrate is. Our results suggest a new mechanism of inhibition of MDM2 E3 activity for a broad spectrum of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ross Terrell
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sijia Tang
- Institute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Oluwafoyinsola Omobodunde Faniyi
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Drug Discovery InstituteUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Drug Discovery InstituteUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ming Luo
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Does Bentonite Cause Cytotoxic and Whole-Transcriptomic Adverse Effects in Enterocytes When Used to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Exposure? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070435. [PMID: 35878173 PMCID: PMC9322703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major food safety concern, threatening the health of humans and animals. Bentonite (BEN) is an aluminosilicate clay used as a feed additive to reduce AFB1 presence in contaminated feedstuff. So far, few studies have characterized BEN toxicity and efficacy in vitro. In this study, cytotoxicity (WST-1 test), the effects on cell permeability (trans-epithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow dye incorporation), and transcriptional changes (RNA-seq) caused by BEN, AFB1 and their combination (AFB1 + BEN) were investigated in Caco-2 cells. Up to 0.1 mg/mL, BEN did not affect cell viability and permeability, but it reduced AFB1 cytotoxicity; however, at higher concentrations, BEN was cytotoxic. As to RNA-seq, 0.1 mg/mL BEN did not show effects on cell transcriptome, confirming that the interaction between BEN and AFB1 occurs in the medium. Data from AFB1 and AFB1 + BEN suggested AFB1 provoked most of the transcriptional changes, whereas BEN was preventive. The most interesting AFB1-targeted pathways for which BEN was effective were cell integrity, xenobiotic metabolism and transporters, basal metabolism, inflammation and immune response, p53 biological network, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the in vitro toxicity and whole-transcriptomic effects of BEN, alone or in the presence of AFB1.
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Jiang Z, Cheng L, Wu Z, Zhou L, Wang H, Hong Q, Wu Q, Long Y, Huang Y, Xu G, Yao Y, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Yang L, Luo W, Yang J, Gong L, Liu P, Chen X, Cui S, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li P. Transforming primary human hepatocytes into hepatocellular carcinoma with genetically defined factors. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54275. [PMID: 35437924 PMCID: PMC9171684 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression has been hampered by the lack of in vivo models. We performed a genetic screen of 10 oncogenes and genetic mutations in Fah-ablated immunodeficient mice in which primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are used to reconstitute a functional human liver. We identified that MYC, TP53R249S , and KRASG12D are highly expressed in induced HCC (iHCC) samples. The overexpression of MYC and TP53R249S transform PHHs into iHCC in situ, though the addition of KRASG12D significantly increases the tumorigenic efficiency. iHCC, which recapitulate the histological architecture and gene expression characteristics of clinical HCC samples, reconstituted HCC after serial transplantations. Transcriptomic analysis of iHCC and PHHs showed that MUC1 and FAP are expressed in iHCC but not in normal livers. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells against these two surface markers efficiently lyse iHCC cells. The properties of iHCC model provide a biological basis for several clinical hallmarks of HCC, and iHCC may serve as a model to study HCC initiation and to identify diagnostic biomarkers and targets for cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Jiang
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Cancer Center Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Qilan Hong
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Youguo Long
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yunlin Huang
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Gaoqi Xu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Yao
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | | | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute The First People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan Guangdong China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital Panyu, Guangzhou China
| | - Likun Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Jiang Hi‐Tech Park Shanghai China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell, and Regenerative Medicine Consortium Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Shuzhong Cui
- Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yinxiong Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Peng Li
- China‐New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Regeneration and Biological Therapies, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) Guangzhou China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences Hong Kong China
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Sahyon HA, Althobaiti F, Ramadan AEMM, Fathy AM. Quercetin - based rhodium(III) complex: Synthesis, characterization and diverse biological potentials. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The Effect of Encapsulated Apigenin Nanoparticles on HePG-2 Cells through Regulation of P53. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061160. [PMID: 35745733 PMCID: PMC9228521 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (Ap) is one of the most important natural flavonoids that has potent anticancer activity. This study was designed, for the first time, to load Ap into chitosan to improve its hydrophobicity and then it was coated with albumin-folic acid to increase its stability and bioavailability and to target cancer cells. The newly developed encapsulated Ap (Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs) was characterized and tested in vitro. The zeta potential of −17.0 mV was within the recommended range (−30 mV to +30 mV), indicating that encapsulated apigenin would not quickly settle and would be suspended. The in vitro results proved the great anticancer activity of the encapsulated apigenin on HePG-2 cells compared to pure Ap. The treated HePG-2 cells with Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by increasing p53 gene expression, arresting the cell cycle, increasing caspase-9 levels, and decreasing both the MMP9 gene and Bcl-2 protein expression levels. Moreover, the higher antioxidant activity of the encapsulated apigenin treatment was evident through increasing SOD levels and decreasing the CAT concentration. In conclusion, the Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs were easy to produce with low coast, continued drug release, good loading capacity, high solubility in physiological pH, and were more stable than the formerly Ap-loaded liposomes or PLGA. Moreover, Ap-CH-BSA-FANPs may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of HCC.
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Sartorius K, Antwi SO, Chuturgoon A, Roberts LR, Kramvis A. RNA Therapeutic Options to Manage Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Dream or Reality? Front Oncol 2022; 12:891812. [PMID: 35600358 PMCID: PMC9115561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the early promise of RNA therapeutics as a magic bullet to modulate aberrant signaling in cancer, this field remains a work-in-progress. Nevertheless, RNA therapeutics is now a reality for the treatment of viral diseases (COVID-19) and offers great promise for cancer. This review paper specifically investigates RNAi as a therapeutic option for HCC and discusses a range of RNAi technology including anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs), Aptamers, small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, riboswitches and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The use of these RNAi based interventions is specifically outlined in three primary strategies, namely, repressing angiogenesis, the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. We also discuss some of the inherent chemical and delivery problems, as well as targeting issues and immunogenic reaction to RNAi interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, KZN Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN) Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- The Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium (AHPBCC), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, School of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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50
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Parisi F, Freer G, Mazzanti CM, Pistello M, Poli A. Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) and MMTV-like Viruses: An In-depth Look at a Controversial Issue. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050977. [PMID: 35632719 PMCID: PMC9147501 DOI: 10.3390/v14050977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a milk factor, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been shown to cause mammary carcinoma and lymphoma in mice. MMTV infection depends upon a viral superantigen (sag)-induced immune response and exploits the immune system to establish infection in mammary epithelial cells when they actively divide. Simultaneously, it avoids immune responses, causing tumors through insertional mutagenesis and clonal expansion. Early studies identified antigens and sequences belonging to a virus homologous to MMTV in human samples. Several pieces of evidence fulfill a criterion for a possible causal role for the MMTV-like virus in human breast cancer (BC), though the controversy about whether this virus was linked to BC has raged for over 40 years in the literature. In this review, the most important issues related to MMTV, from its discovery to the present days, are retraced to fully explore such a controversial issue. Furthermore, the hypothesis of an MMTV-like virus raised the question of a potential zoonotic mouse–man transmission. Several studies investigate the role of an MMTV-like virus in companion animals, suggesting their possible role as mediators. Finally, the possibility of an MMTV-like virus as a cause of human BC opens a new era for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Maria Mazzanti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini, 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Italy;
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge, 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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