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Tesoriero AJ, Robertson DM, Green CT, Böhlke JK, Harvey JW, Qi SL. Prioritizing river basins for nutrient studies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:248. [PMID: 38332337 PMCID: PMC10853301 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Increases in fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the environment have led to negative impacts affecting drinking water, eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Because of the importance, scale, and complexity of these issues, it may be useful to consider methods for prioritizing nutrient research in representative drainage basins within a regional or national context. Two systematic, quantitative approaches were developed to (1) identify basins that geospatial data suggest are most impacted by nutrients and (2) identify basins that have the most variability in factors affecting nutrient sources and transport in order to prioritize basins for studies that seek to understand the key drivers of nutrient impacts. The "impact" approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water and groundwater nutrient concentrations, sources of N and P, and potential impacts on receptors (i.e., ecosystems and human health). The "variability" approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water nutrient concentrations, factors affecting sources and transport of nutrients, model accuracy, and potential receptor impacts. One hundred and sixty-three drainage basins throughout the contiguous United States were ranked nationally and within 18 hydrologic regions. Nationally, the top-ranked basins from the impact approach were concentrated in the Midwest, while those from the variability approach were dispersed across the nation. Regionally, the top-ranked basin selected by the two approaches differed in 15 of the 18 regions, with top-ranked basins selected by the variability approach having lower minimum concentrations and larger ranges in concentrations than top-ranked basins selected by the impact approach. The highest ranked basins identified using the variability approach may have advantages for exploring how landscape factors affect surface-water quality and how surface-water quality may affect ecosystems. In contrast, the impact approach prioritized basins in terms of human development and nutrient concentrations in both surface water and groundwater, thereby targeting areas where actions to reduce nutrient concentrations could have the largest effect on improving water availability and reducing ecosystem impacts.
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Chien SC, Krumins JA. Anthropogenic effects on global soil nitrogen pools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166238. [PMID: 37586519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The amount of nitrogen stored in terrestrial soils, its "nitrogen pool", moderates biogeochemical cycling affecting primary productivity, nitrogen pollution and even carbon budgets. The soil nitrogen pools and the transformation of nitrogen forms within them are heavily influenced by environmental factors including anthropogenic activities. However, our understanding of the global distribution of soil nitrogen with respect to anthropogenic activity and human land use remains unclear. We constructed a meta-analysis from a global sampling, in which we compare soil total nitrogen pools and the driving mechanisms affecting each pool across three major classifications of human land use: natural, agricultural, and urban. Although the size of the nitrogen pool can be similar across natural, agricultural and urban soils, the ecological and human associated drivers vary. Specifically, the drivers within agricultural and urban soils as opposed to natural soils are more complex and often decoupled from climatic and soil factors. This suggests that the nitrogen pools of those soils may be co-moderated by other factors not included in our analyses, like human activities. Our analysis supports the notion that agricultural soils act as a nitrogen source while urban soils as a nitrogen sink and informs a modern understanding of the fates and distributions of anthropogenic nitrogen in natural, agricultural, and urban soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Chien
- Doctoral Program in Environmental Science and Management, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
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3
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Chakraborty R, Purakayastha TJ, Pendall E, Dey S, Jain N, Kumar S. Nitrification and urease inhibitors mitigate global warming potential and ammonia volatilization from urea in rice-wheat system in India: A field to lab experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165479. [PMID: 37459989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of alternative nitrogenous fertilizers for mitigating greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from a rice-wheat cropping system in northern India was addressed in a laboratory incubation experiment using soil from a 10-year residue management field experiment (crop residue removal, CRR, vs. incorporation, CRI). Neem coated urea (NCU), standard urea (U), urea ammonium sulfate (UAS), and two alternative fertilizers, urea + urease inhibitor NBPT (UUI) and urea + urease inhibitor NBPT + nitrification inhibitor DMPSA (UUINI) were compared to non-fertilized controls for four weeks in incubation under anaerobic condition. Effects of fertilizers on global warming potential (GWP) and ammonia volatilization were dependent on residue treatment. Relative to standard urea, NCU reduced GWP by 11 % in CRI but not significantly in CRR; conversely, UAS reduced GWP by 12 % in CRR but not significantly in CRI. UUI and UUINI reduced GWP in both residue treatments and were more effective in CRI (21 % and 26 %) than CRR (15 % and 14 %). Relative to standard urea, NCU increased ammonia volatilization by 8 % in CRI but not significantly in CRR. Ammonia volatilization was reduced most strongly by UUI (40 % in CRI and 37 % in CRR); it was reduced 28-29 % by UUINI and 12-15 % by UAS. Overall, the urease inhibitor, alone and in combination with the nitrification inhibitor, was more effective in mitigating greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions than NCU. However, these products need to be tested in field settings to validate findings from the controlled laboratory experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Saptaparnee Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Niveta Jain
- Division of Environment Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Rathnayake H, Mizunoya T. A study on GHG emission assessment in agricultural areas in Sri Lanka: the case of Mahaweli H agricultural region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88180-88196. [PMID: 37436627 PMCID: PMC10406717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activities contribute 7% to Sri Lanka's economy and account for 20% of the national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The country aims to achieve zero net emissions by 2060. This study was aimed at assessing the present state of agricultural emissions and identifying mitigation strategies. The assessment involved estimating agricultural net GHG emissions from non-mechanical sources in the Mahaweli H region, Sri Lanka, in 2018 using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2019) guidelines. New indicators were developed to measure emissions for major crops and livestock and used to show the flow of carbon and nitrogen. The region's agricultural emissions were estimated to be 162,318 t CO2eq y-1, of which 48% was from rice field methane (CH4) emissions, 32% from soil nitrogen oxide emissions, and 11% from livestock enteric CH4 emissions. Biomass carbon accumulation offset 16% of the total emissions. Rice crops exhibited the highest emission intensity of 4.77 t CO2eq ha-1 y-1, while coconut crop had the highest abatement potential of 15.58 t CO2eq ha-1 y-1. Approximately 1.86% of the carbon input to the agricultural system was released as carbon-containing GHG (CO2 and CH4), whereas 1.18% of the nitrogen input was released as nitrous oxide. The findings of this study suggest extensive adaptations of agricultural carbon sequestration strategies and increased nitrogen use efficiency to achieve GHG mitigation targets. The emission intensity indicators derived from this study can be used for regional agricultural land use planning to maintain designated levels of emissions and implement low-emission farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Rathnayake
- Doctoral Program in Sustainable Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizunoya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Nandini B, Mawale KS, Giridhar P. Nanomaterials in agriculture for plant health and food safety: a comprehensive review on the current state of agro-nanoscience. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:73. [PMID: 36748014 PMCID: PMC9898490 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern epoch, nanotechnology took forward the agriculture and food industry with new tools that promise to increase food production sustainably. It also anticipated that it would become a driving economic force shortly. Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce agricultural inputs, enrich the soil by absorbing nutrients, manage plant diseases, and detect diseases. The aim of the present review is to cover the potential aspects of nanoscience and its trend-setting appliances in modern agriculture and food production. This review focuses on the impact of various nanomaterials on plant health to improve agricultural production and its cooperative approach to food production. Nanotechnology has great potential compared to conventional approaches. The appealing path of nanotrends in the farming sector raises hopes and illuminates the route of innovative technologies to overcome various diseases in plants with an enhanced yield to meet the growing global population's need for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boregowda Nandini
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Kiran S. Mawale
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
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Fagodiya RK, Singh A, Singh R, Rani S, Kumar S, Rai AK, Sheoran P, Chandra P, Yadav RK, Sharma PC, Biswas AK, Chaudhari SK. The food-energy-water-carbon nexus of the rice-wheat production system in the western Indo-Gangetic Plain of India: An impact of irrigation system, conservational tillage and residue management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160428. [PMID: 36436645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conventional rice-wheat system in the western Indo-Gangetic plain of India is energy and water intensive with high carbon footprint. The transition towards resource-efficient eco-friendly production technologies with lower footprint is required for inclusive ecological sustenance. A five-year (2016-17 to 2020-21) field experiment was conducted in RWS with hypothesis that pressurized irrigation systems [drip (DRIP) and mini-sprinkler (MSIS)] in conservation tillage [reduced (RT)/zero (ZT)] and crop residue management [incorporation (RI)/mulch (RM)] might result in higher resource use efficiency with lesser carbon footprint compared to conventional system. Experiment consisted five treatments namely (1) puddled transplanted rice followed by conventionally tilled wheat (PTR/CTW), (2) DRIP irrigated reduced till direct seeded rice (RTDSR) followed by zero-till wheat with 100 % rice residue mulching (ZTW + RM) (DRIP-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), (3) surface irrigated RTDSR followed by ZTW + RM (SIS-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), (4) MSIS irrigated RTDSR followed by ZTW + RM (MSIS-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), and (5) MSIS irrigated RTDSR with 1/3rd wheat residue incorporation followed by ZTW + RM (MSIS-RTDSR + RI/ZTW + RM). The pressurized irrigation system in RWS established under conservational tillage and residue management (DRIP-RTDSR/ZTW + RM and MSIS-DSR + RI/ZTW + RM) produced at par system productivity compared to PTR/CTW. Substantial nitrogen (79-114 ka ha-1) and irrigation water (536-680 mm) savings under pressurized irrigation systems resulted in 41-64 % higher partial factor productivity of nitrogen with 48-61 % lower water footprint. These systems had lower energy consumption attaining 15-21 % higher net energy, 44-61 % higher energy use efficiency, and 31-38 % lower specific energy. Efficient utilization of farm inputs caused lower greenhouse gas emission (39-44 %) and enhanced carbon sequestration (35-62 %) resulting 63-76 % lower carbon footprint over PTR/CTW. The information generated here might useful in developing policies for resource and climate-smart food production system aiming livelihood security and ecological sustainability in the region. Further, trials are needed for wider adaptability under different climate, soil and agronomic practices to develop site-specific climate smart practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram K Fagodiya
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ajay Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Rani
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parvender Sheoran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - R K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - P C Sharma
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - A K Biswas
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110001, Delhi, India
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7
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Aryal B, Gurung R, Camargo AF, Fongaro G, Treichel H, Mainali B, Angove MJ, Ngo HH, Guo W, Puadel SR. Nitrous oxide emission in altered nitrogen cycle and implications for climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120272. [PMID: 36167167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural processes and human activities play a crucial role in changing the nitrogen cycle and increasing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which are accelerating at an unprecedented rate. N2O has serious global warming potential (GWP), about 310 times higher than that of carbon dioxide. The food production, transportation, and energy required to sustain a world population of seven billion have required dramatic increases in the consumption of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers and fossil fuels, leading to increased N2O in air and water. These changes have radically disturbed the nitrogen cycle and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), and have impacted the climatic system. Yet, systematic and comprehensive studies on various underlying processes and parameters in the altered nitrogen cycle, and their implications for the climatic system are still lacking. This paper reviews how the nitrogen cycle has been disturbed and altered by anthropogenic activities, with a central focus on potential pathways of N2O generation. The authors also estimate the N2O-N emission mainly due to anthropogenic activities will be around 8.316 Tg N2O-N yr-1 in 2050. In order to minimize and tackle the N2O emissions and its consequences on the global ecosystem and climate change, holistic mitigation strategies and diverse adaptations, policy reforms, and public awareness are suggested as vital considerations. This study concludes that rapidly increasing anthropogenic perturbations, the identification of new microbial communities, and their role in mediating biogeochemical processes now shape the modern nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aryal
- Naaya Aayam Multidisciplinary Institute, NAMI, University of Northampton, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshni Gurung
- Naaya Aayam Multidisciplinary Institute, NAMI, University of Northampton, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aline F Camargo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Florianopólis, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Bandita Mainali
- School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, 3550, Australia; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Angove
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC-3550, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shukra Raj Puadel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuwan University, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Mazzetto AM, Falconer S, Ledgard S. Mapping the carbon footprint of milk production from cattle: A systematic review. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9713-9725. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Yang J, Jia X, Ma H, Chen X, Liu J, Shangguan Z, Yan W. Effects of warming and precipitation changes on soil GHG fluxes: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154351. [PMID: 35259374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from human activities lead to climate change, including global warming and changes of precipitation patterns worldwide, which in turn would have profound effects on soil GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the impact of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on all three major biogenic GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) has not been synthesized, to build a global synthesis. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis concerning the effects of warming and precipitation changes and their interactions on soil GHG fluxes and explored the potential factors by synthesizing 39 published studies worldwide. Across all studies, combination of warming and increased precipitation showed more significant effect on CO2 emissions (24.0%) than the individual effect of warming (8.6%) and increased precipitation (20.8%). Additionally, warming increased N2O emissions (28.3%), and decreased precipitation reduced CO2 (-8.5%) and N2O (-7.1%) emissions, while the combination of warming and decreased precipitation also showed negative effects on CO2 (-7.6%) and N2O (-14.6%) emissions. The interactive effects of warming and precipitation changes on CO2 emissions were usually additive, whereas CO2 and N2O emissions were dominated by synergistic effects under warming and decreased precipitation. Moreover, climate, biome, duration, and season of manipulations also affected soil GHG fluxes as well. Furthermore, we also found the threshold effects of changes in soil temperature and moisture on CO2 and N2O emissions under warming and precipitation changes. The findings indicate that both warming and precipitation changes substantially affect GHG emissions and highlight the urgent need to study the effect of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on C and N cycling under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hongze Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Khan MA, Riaz S, Jiang H, Qamar S, Ali Z, Islamil M, Nazeer A, Faisal M, Satti S, Zhang X. Development of an assessment framework for the proposed Multi-Scalar Seasonally Amalgamated Regional Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (MSARSPEI) for regional drought classifications in global warming context. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114951. [PMID: 35364516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought hazard is one of the main consequences of global warming and climate change. Unlike other natural disasters, drought has complex climatic features. Therefore, accurate drought monitoring is a challenging task. This paper proposes a framework for assessing drought classifications at the regional level. The proposed framework provides a new drought monitoring indicator called Multi-Scalar Seasonally Amalgamated Regional Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (MSARSPEI). MSARSPEI is an amalgam of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration (SPEI) (Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010) and Regionally Improved Weighted Standardized Drought Index (RIWSDI) (Jiang et al., 2020). In the proposed framework, the Boruta algorithm of feature selection is configured to ensemble monthly time series data of evaporation in various meteorological stations located in specific regions. Further, the framework suggests the standardization of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of K-Component Gaussian (K-CG) mixture distribution function for obtaining MSARSPEI data. The application of the proposed framework is based on seven different regions of Pakistan. For comparative analysis, this paper compared the performance of MSARSPE with SPEI using Pearson correlation. Outcomes associated with this research show that the proposed regional drought index has a strong correlation with the competing indicator in various time scales. In addition, the study assessed the spatial extent of various drought classifications under MSARSPEI. In summation, this research concludes that the choice of the MSARSPEI is rationally valid and more appropriate for the regional assessment of drought under the global warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Khan
- School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, PR China; Earth System and Global Change Lab, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Saba Riaz
- Department of Computer Science, SZABIST Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.
| | - He Jiang
- School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, PR China.
| | - Sadia Qamar
- Department of Statistics, University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering and Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Islamil
- Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Amna Nazeer
- Statistics Department, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Faisal
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
| | - Samina Satti
- Department of Statistics, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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11
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Kim N, Riggins CW, Zabaloy MC, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Villamil MB. Limited Impacts of Cover Cropping on Soil N-Cycling Microbial Communities of Long-Term Corn Monocultures. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:926592. [PMID: 35755999 PMCID: PMC9226624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cover cropping (CC) is a promising in-field practice to mitigate soil health degradation and nitrogen (N) losses from excessive N fertilization. Soil N-cycling microbial communities are the fundamental drivers of these processes, but how they respond to CC under field conditions is poorly documented for typical agricultural systems. Our objective was to investigate this relationship for a long-term (36 years) corn [Zea mays L.] monocultures under three N fertilizer rates (N0, N202, and N269; kg N/ha), where a mixture of cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.] was introduced for two consecutive years, using winter fallows as controls (BF). A 3 × 2 split-plot arrangement of N rates and CC treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications was deployed. Soil chemical and physical properties and potential nitrification (PNR) and denitrification (PDR) rates were measured along with functional genes, including nifH, archaeal and bacterial amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ-I, sequenced in Illumina MiSeq system and quantified in high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The abundances of nifH, archaeal amoA, and nirS decreased with N fertilization (by 7.9, 4.8, and 38.9 times, respectively), and correlated positively with soil pH. Bacterial amoA increased by 2.4 times with CC within N269 and correlated positively with soil nitrate. CC increased the abundance of nirK by 1.5 times when fertilized. For both bacterial amoA and nirK, N202 and N269 did not differ from N0 within BF. Treatments had no significant effects on nosZ-I. The reported changes did not translate into differences in functionality as PNR and PDR did not respond to treatments. These results suggested that N fertilization disrupts the soil N-cycling communities of this system primarily through soil acidification and high nutrient availability. Two years of CC may not be enough to change the N-cycling communities that adapted to decades of disruption from N fertilization in corn monoculture. This is valuable primary information to understand the potentials and limitations of CC when introduced into long-term agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakian Kim
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chance W. Riggins
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - María C. Zabaloy
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, UNS-CONICET, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - María B. Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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Ahmed M, Hayat R, Ahmad M, ul-Hassan M, Kheir AMS, ul-Hassan F, ur-Rehman MH, Shaheen FA, Raza MA, Ahmad S. Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Agricultural Systems: A Review of Current Status, Potentials, and Further Work Need. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION 2022; 16:341-363. [PMID: 35614974 PMCID: PMC9122557 DOI: 10.1007/s42106-022-00197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dryland agricultural system is under threat due to climate extremes and unsustainable management. Understanding of climate change impact is important to design adaptation options for dry land agricultural systems. Thus, the present review was conducted with the objectives to identify gaps and suggest technology-based intervention that can support dry land farming under changing climate. Careful management of the available agricultural resources in the region is a current need, as it will play crucial role in the coming decades to ensure food security, reduce poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. Technology based regional collaborative interventions among Universities, Institutions, Growers, Companies etc. for water conservation, supplemental irrigation, foliar sprays, integrated nutrient management, resilient crops-based cropping systems, artificial intelligence, and precision agriculture (modeling and remote sensing) are needed to support agriculture of the region. Different process-based models have been used in different regions around the world to quantify the impacts of climate change at field, regional, and national scales to design management options for dryland cropping systems. Modeling include water and nutrient management, ideotype designing, modification in tillage practices, application of cover crops, insect, and disease management. However, diversification in the mixed and integrated crop and livestock farming system is needed to have profitable, sustainable business. The main focus in this work is to recommend different agro-adaptation measures to be part of policies for sustainable agricultural production systems in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rifat Hayat
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Water Conservation, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Mahmood ul-Hassan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Cairo University Street, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fayyaz ul-Hassan
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib ur-Rehman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, INRES) University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef Agriculture University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Farid Asif Shaheen
- Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
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13
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Zhou Y, Liu K, Harrison MT, Fahad S, Gong S, Zhu B, Liu Z. Shifting Rice Cropping Systems Mitigates Ecological Footprints and Enhances Grain Yield in Central China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895402. [PMID: 35599906 PMCID: PMC9115467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive cereal production has brought about increasingly serious environmental threats, including global warming, environmental acidification, and water shortage. As an important grain producer in the world, the rice cultivation system in central China has undergone excessive changes in the past few decades. However, few articles focused on the environmental impacts of these shifts from the perspective of ecological footprints. In this study, a 2-year field trial was carried out in Hubei province, China, to gain insight into carbon footprint (CF), nitrogen footprint (NF), and water footprint (WF) performance. The three treatments were, namely, double-rice system (DR), ratoon rice system (RR), and rice-wheat system (RW). Results demonstrated that RR significantly increased the grain yield by 10.22-15.09% compared with DR, while there was no significant difference in the grain yield between RW and DR in 2018-2019. All of the calculation results by three footprint approaches followed the order: RR < RW < DR; meanwhile, RR was always significantly lower than DR. Methane and NH3 field emissions were the hotspots of CF and NF, respectively. Blue WF accounts for 40.90-42.71% of DR, which was significantly higher than that of RR and RW, primarily because DR needs a lot of irrigation water in both seasons. The gray WF of RW was higher than those of DR and RR, mainly due to the higher application rate of N fertilizer. In conclusion, RR possesses the characteristics of low agricultural inputs and high grain yield and can reduce CF, NF, and WF, considering the future conditions of rural societal developments and rapid demographic changes; we highlighted that the RR could be a cleaner and sustainable approach to grain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Province Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew Tom Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Songling Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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14
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Yang Y, Liu L, Bai Z, Xu W, Zhang F, Zhang X, Liu X, Xie Y. Comprehensive quantification of global cropland ammonia emissions and potential abatement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151450. [PMID: 34742964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions mostly from agriculture result in air pollution and degrade human health. However, a full picture of soil NH3 emissions and associated abatement in cropping systems are not well understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of cropland NH3 emissions, discuss mitigation potential and assess associated abatement costs. Global cropland NH3 emissions account for 26% of total soil nitrogen losses, and are estimated as 22.8-31.2 Tg N yr-1 during 1996-2013 with the increase rate of 1.6% yr-1. Our results also show that, with no increase in nitrogen fertilizer, climate change can contribute to an additional 10% increase in cropland NH3 emissions in 2100 compared to the 2010 baseline. Instead, our scenario analysis show, cropland NH3 emissions will decline by 26% from 2010 to 2100 given a 0.5% yr-1 decrease in N fertilizer (with current technology and agricultural management level), considering the facts stronger control policies are expected to occur worldwide including Western Europe, the United States of America and China. The most ambitious management (with all known mitigation practices) can reduce cropland NH3 emissions by up (71%, 17.6 Tg N yr-1) at an abatement cost of US$524 billion. Our findings indicate that cropland NH3 emissions can be mitigated through adoption of appropriate human management practices with considerable economic costs, providing a critical reference for the future NH3 abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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15
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Tesoriero AJ, Stratton LE, Miller MP. Influence of redox gradients on nitrate transport from the landscape to groundwater and streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:150200. [PMID: 34625279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increases in nitrogen applications to the land surface since the 1950s have led to a cascade of negative environmental impacts, including degradation of drinking water supplies, nutrient enrichment of aquatic ecosystems and contributions to global climate change. In this study, groundwater, streambed porewater, and stream sampling were used to establish trends in nitrate concentrations and how redox gradients influence nitrate transport across diverse glacial terranes. Decadal sampling has found that elevated nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater beneath cropland have been sustained for decades. Redox gradients established in the saturated zone using dissolved O2, iron, nitrate and excess N2 from denitrification suggest that nitrate-bearing zones are thin in glacial terranes dominated by fine materials. These thin nitrate-bearing zones lead to suboxic, low nitrate streambed porewater and limit the contributions of nitrate to streams from slow-flow groundwater. In contrast, thick oxic zones in more coarse-grained glacial terranes allow nitrate to reach deeper groundwater, resulting in streambed porewater with elevated nitrate concentrations and causing a large portion of stream nitrate to be derived from slow-flow groundwater. Groundwater age tracer data indicate that denitrification occurs more quickly in the terrane dominated by fine material than in the more coarse-grained terrane. The quicker depletion of nitrate in the more fine-grained terrane suggests that the thinner oxic zone in this terrane is due, in part, to the greater availability and reactivity of electron donors in this terrane than in the more coarse-grained terrane. Groundwater age tracer data and hydrograph separation analysis suggest that saturated zone lag times between when changes in land use practices occur and when changes in stream water are fully observed may vary widely across hydrogeologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Tesoriero
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 S.W. 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States of America.
| | - Laurel E Stratton
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 S.W. 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States of America
| | - Matthew P Miller
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, United States of America
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16
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Mona S, Malyan SK, Saini N, Deepak B, Pugazhendhi A, Kumar SS. Towards sustainable agriculture with carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation using algal biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129856. [PMID: 33636519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the world's population, demand for food and other products is continuously rising. This has put a lot of pressure on the agricultural sector. To fulfill these demands, the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has also increased. Consequently, to overcome the adverse effects of agrochemicals on our environment and health, there has been a shift towards organic fertilizers or other substitutes, which are ecofriendly and help to maintain a sustainable environment. Microalgae have a very high potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing and thus, help in mitigating the greenhouse effect. It is the most productive biological system for generating biomass. The high growth rate and higher photosynthetic efficiency of the algal species compared to the terrestrial plants make them a wonderful alternative towards a sustainable environment. Moreover, they could be cultivated in photobioreactors or open ponds, which in turn reduce the demand for arable land. Biochar derived from algae is high in nutrients and exhibits the property of ion exchange. Therefore, it can be utilized for sustainable agriculture by partial substituting the chemical fertilizers that degrade the fertility of the soil in the long run. This review provides a detailed insight on the properties of algal biochar as a potential fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Application of algal biochar in bio-refinery and its economic aspects, challenges faced and future perspective are also discusses in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Mona
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Jalvigyan Bhawan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Neha Saini
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
| | | | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology YMCA, Faridabad, India.
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17
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Application of Nematode Community Analyses-Based Models towards Identifying Sustainable Soil Health Management Outcomes: A Review of the Concepts. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil health connotes the balance of biological, physicochemical, nutritional, structural, and water-holding components necessary to sustain plant productivity. Despite a substantial knowledge base, achieving sustainable soil health remains a goal because it is difficult to simultaneously: (i) improve soil structure, physicochemistry, water-holding capacity, and nutrient cycling; (ii) suppress pests and diseases while increasing beneficial organisms; and (iii) improve biological functioning leading to improved biomass/crop yield. The objectives of this review are (a) to identify agricultural practices (APs) driving soil health degradations and barriers to developing sustainable soil health, and (b) to describe how the nematode community analyses-based soil food web (SFW) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) data visualization models can be used towards developing sustainable soil health. The SFW model considers changes in beneficial nematode population dynamics relative to food and reproduction (enrichment index, EI; y-axis) and resistance to disturbance (structure index, SI; x-axis) in order to identify best-to-worst case scenarios for nutrient cycling and agroecosystem suitability of AP-driven outcomes. The FUE model visualizes associations between beneficial and plant-parasitic nematodes (x-axis) and ecosystem services (e.g., yield or nutrients, y-axis). The x-y relationship identifies best-to-worst case scenarios of the outcomes for sustainability. Both models can serve as platforms towards developing integrated and sustainable soil health management strategies on a location-specific or a one-size-fits-all basis. Future improvements for increased implementation of these models are discussed.
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18
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Pierangeli GMF, Domingues MR, de Jesus TA, Coelho LHG, Hanisch WS, Pompêo MLM, Saia FT, Gregoracci GB, Benassi RF. Higher Abundance of Sediment Methanogens and Methanotrophs Do Not Predict the Atmospheric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Flows in Eutrophic Tropical Freshwater Reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647921. [PMID: 33815337 PMCID: PMC8010658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater reservoirs emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing to global warming, mainly when impacted by untreated sewage and other anthropogenic sources. These gases can be produced by microbial organic carbon decomposition, but little is known about the microbiota and its participation in GHG production and consumption in these environments. In this paper we analyzed the sediment microbiota of three eutrophic tropical urban freshwater reservoirs, in different seasons and evaluated the correlations between microorganisms and the atmospheric CH4 and CO2 flows, also correlating them to limnological variables. Our results showed that deeper water columns promote high methanogen abundance, with predominance of acetoclastic Methanosaeta spp. and hydrogenotrophs Methanoregula spp. and Methanolinea spp. The aerobic methanotrophic community was affected by dissolved total carbon (DTC) and was dominated by Crenothrix spp. However, both relative abundance of the total methanogenic and aerobic methanotrophic communities in sediments were uncoupled to CH4 and CO2 flows. Network based approach showed that fermentative microbiota, including Leptolinea spp. and Longilinea spp., which produces substrates for methanogenesis, influence CH4 flows and was favored by anthropogenic pollution, such as untreated sewage loads. Additionally, less polluted conditions favored probable anaerobic methanotrophs such as Candidatus Bathyarchaeota, Sva0485, NC10, and MBG-D/DHVEG-1, which promoted lower gaseous flows, confirming the importance of sanitation improvement to reduce these flows in tropical urban freshwater reservoirs and their local and global warming impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercia Regina Domingues
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Araujo de Jesus
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Gomes Coelho
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Roseli Frederigi Benassi
- Center of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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19
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Chouhan GK, Verma JP, Jaiswal DK, Mukherjee A, Singh S, de Araujo Pereira AP, Liu H, Abd Allah EF, Singh BK. Phytomicrobiome for promoting sustainable agriculture and food security: Opportunities, challenges, and solutions. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126763. [PMID: 33892241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ensuring food security in an environmentally sustainable way is a global challenge. To achieve this agriculture productivity requires increasing by 70 % under increasingly harsh climatic conditions without further damaging the environmental quality (e.g. reduced use of agrochemicals). Most governmental and inter-governmental agencies have highlighted the need for alternative approaches that harness natural resource to address this. Use of beneficial phytomicrobiome, (i.e. microbes intimately associated with plant tissues) is considered as one of the viable solutions to meet the twin challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. A diverse number of important microbes are found in various parts of the plant, i.e. root, shoot, leaf, seed, and flower, which play significant roles in plant health, development and productivity, and could contribute directly to improving the quality and quantity of food production. The phytomicrobiome can also increase productivity via increased resource use efficiency and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this article, we explore the role of phytomicrobiome in plant health and how functional properties of microbiome can be harnessed to increase agricultural productivity in environmental-friendly approaches. However, significant technical and translation challenges remain such as inconsistency in efficacy of microbial products in field conditions and a lack of tools to manipulate microbiome in situ. We propose pathways that require a system-based approach to realize the potential to phytomicrobiome in contributing towards food security. We suggest if these technical and translation constraints could be systematically addressed, phytomicrobiome can significantly contribute towards the sustainable increase in agriculture productivity and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2750, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brajesh Kumar Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2750, Sydney, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2750, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Plummeting anthropogenic environmental degradation by amending nutrient-N input method in saffron growing soils of north-west Himalayas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2488. [PMID: 33510200 PMCID: PMC7844301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrous-oxide emission and nitrate addition from agriculture to earth's environment are two main agriculture related anthropogenic causes of environmental degradation that needs greater attention. For addressing the aforesaid issue, new techniques/practices need to be developed and implemented. The present investigation, which was focused on this issue, resulted in developing a new mode of nitrogen (N) placement, i.e. 'mid rib placement upper to corms in two splits (MRPU-2S)', that could reduce nitrous oxide N emission by around 70.11% and, nitrate N leaching and runoff by around 68.26 and 67.09%, respectively, over conventional method, in saffron growing soils of northwest Himalayas. Besides plummeting environmental degradation, MRPU-2S further resulted in enhancing saffron yield by 33.33% over conventional method. The findings of the present investigation were used to develop new empirical models for predicting saffron yield, nitrate N leaching and nitrous-oxide N emission. The threshold limits of nitrate N leaching and nitrous oxide N emission have also been reported exclusively in the present study.
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21
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Zilio M, Motta S, Tambone F, Scaglia B, Boccasile G, Squartini A, Adani F. The distribution of functional N-cycle related genes and ammonia and nitrate nitrogen in soil profiles fertilized with mineral and organic N fertilizer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228364. [PMID: 32484823 PMCID: PMC7266355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen transformation in soil is a complex process and the soil microbial population can regulate the potential for N mineralization, nitrification and denitrification. Here we show that agricultural soils under standard agricultural N-management are consistently characterized by a high presence of gene copies for some of the key biological activities related to the N-cycle. This led to a strong NO3- reduction (75%) passing from the soil surface (15.38 ± 11.36 g N-NO3 kg-1 on average) to the 1 m deep layer (3.92 ± 4.42 g N-NO3 kg-1 on average), and ensured low nitrate presence in the deepest layer. Under these circumstances the other soil properties play a minor role in reducing soil nitrate presence in soil. However, with excessive N fertilization, the abundance of bacterial gene copies is not sufficient to explain N leaching in soil and other factors, i.e. soil texture and rainfall, become more important in controlling these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Zilio
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Motta
- Ente Regionale per i Servizi alla Agricoltura e alle Foreste, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Scaglia
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Squartini
- DAFNAE, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Kumar SS, Kumar A, Singh S, Malyan SK, Baram S, Sharma J, Singh R, Pugazhendhi A. Industrial wastes: Fly ash, steel slag and phosphogypsum- potential candidates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124824. [PMID: 31590026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste management and global warming are the two challenging issues of the present global scenario. Increased human population has set the platform for rapid industrialization and modern agriculture. The industries such as energy, steel, and fertilizers play a significant role in improving the social, and economic status of human beings. The industrial production of energy (that involves combustion of coal), production of steel items and diammonium ammonium fertilizer generate a huge amount of wastes such as fly ash (FA), steel slag (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG), respectively. Inappropriate dumping of any kind of waste poses a threat to the environment, therefore, scientific management of waste is required to reduce associated environmental risks. These wastes i.e. SS, FA, and PG being rich sources of oxides of calcium (CaO), silicon (SiO2), iron (FeO), and aluminum (Al2O3), etc. may affect the release of greenhouse gases from the soil. The information associated with the application of FA, SS, and PG onto the paddy fields and their impacts on methane and nitrous oxide emissions are highly fragmented and scarce. The present review extensively and critically explores the available information with respect to the effective utilization of FA, SS, and PG in paddy cultivation, their potential to mitigate greenhouse gases emission and their associated mechanisms. The fine grid assessment of these waste management provides new insight into the next level research and future policy options for industries and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita S Kumar
- Center for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Dayalbagh Educational Institute Deemed University), Agra, 282005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Shahar Baram
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Center for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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23
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Subrahmanyam G, Kumar A, Sandilya SP, Chutia M, Yadav AN. Diversity, Plant Growth Promoting Attributes, and Agricultural Applications of Rhizospheric Microbes. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Thakur IS, Medhi K. Nitrification and denitrification processes for mitigation of nitrous oxide from waste water treatment plants for biovalorization: Challenges and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:502-513. [PMID: 30898409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas. Even though its emissions is much lesser than CO2 but its global warming potential (GWP) is 298 times more than CO2. N2O emissions from wastewater treatment plants was caused due to incomplete nitrification or incomplete denitrification catalyzed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifiers. Low dissolved oxygen, high nitrite accumulation, change in optimal pH or temperature, fluctuation in C/N ratio, short solid retention time and non-availability of Cu ions were responsible for higher N2O leakage. Regulation of enzyme metabolic pathways involved in N2O production and reduction has also been reviewed. Sequential bioreactors, bioscrubbers, membrane biofilters usage have helped microbial nitrification-denitrification processes in succumbing N2O production in wastewater treatment plants. Reduction of N2O negativity has been studied through its valorization for the formation of value added products such as biopolymers has led to biorefinery approaches as an upcoming mitigation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Kristina Medhi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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25
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Zhao X, Pu C, Ma ST, Liu SL, Xue JF, Wang X, Wang YQ, Li SS, Lal R, Chen F, Zhang HL. Management-induced greenhouse gases emission mitigation in global rice production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1299-1306. [PMID: 30308900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.) and balancing the trade-offs between reducing emission and sustaining food security have raised global concerns. A global meta-analysis of rice experimental data was conducted to assess changes in emissions of GHGs (CH4 and N2O) and global warming potential (GWP) in response to improvements through 12 field management practices. The results indicated that changes in GWP were mainly attributed to CH4 emission even though N2O emission was significantly affected by conversion of field management practices. Specifically, GWP per unit rice plant area (area-scaled) was significantly increased by 20.1%, 66.2%, and 84.5% with nitrogen (N) fertilizer input, manuring, and residue retention (P < 0.05), along with significant increments in area-scaled CH4 emission under the above management practices by 8.9%, 60.4%, and 91.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Due to the significant increase in rice yield, a decreasing trend for GWP per unit rice yield (yield-scaled) was observed with N fertilizer input. In addition, CH4 and GWP decreased significantly at both area- and yield-scale under non-flooding irrigation but with a reduction in rice yield by 3.3% (P < 0.05). Improvement in rice variety significantly enhanced crop yield by 15.3% while reducing area-scaled GWP by 27.7% (P < 0.05). Furthermore, other management practices, such as application of herbicides, biochar, and amendments (non-fertilizer materials) reduced yield-scaled GWP while increasing rice yield. Thus, changes in field management practices have the potential to balance the trade-offs between high yield and low emission of GHGs. However, in-depth studies are needed to determine the interactions between field management practices and site-specific soil/climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Pu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shou-Tian Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Li Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Fu Xue
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100193, China.
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Drought-Tolerant Phosphorus-Solubilizing Microbes: Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications for Alleviation of Drought Stress in Plants. PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE STRESS MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6536-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Malyan SK, Kumar A, Baram S, Kumar J, Singh S, Kumar SS, Yadav AN. Role of Fungi in Climate Change Abatement Through Carbon Sequestration. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25506-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Barua P, Lande NV, Subba P, Gayen D, Pinto S, Keshava Prasad TS, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Dehydration-responsive nuclear proteome landscape of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) reveals phosphorylation-mediated regulation of stress response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:230-244. [PMID: 29749054 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonavailability of water or dehydration remains recurring climatic disorder affecting yield of major food crops, legumes in particular. Nuclear proteins (NPs) and phosphoproteins (NPPs) execute crucial cellular functions that form the regulatory hub for coordinated stress response. Phosphoproteins hold enormous influence over cellular signalling. Four-week-old seedlings of a grain legume, chickpea, were subjected to gradual dehydration, and NPs were extracted from unstressed control and from 72- and 144-hr stressed tissues. We identified 4,832 NPs and 478 phosphosites, corresponding to 299 unique NPPs involved in multivariate cellular processes including protein modification and gene expression regulation, among others. The identified proteins included several novel kinases, phosphatases, and transcription factors, besides 660 uncharacterized proteins. Spliceosome complex and splicing related proteins were dominant among differentially regulated NPPs, indicating their dehydration modulated regulation. Phospho-motif analysis revealed stress-induced enrichment of proline-directed serine phosphorylation. Association mapping of NPPs revealed predominance of differential phosphorylation of spliceosome and splicing associated proteins. Also, regulatory proteins of key processes viz., protein degradation, regulation of flowering time, and circadian clock were observed to undergo dehydration-induced dephosphorylation. The characterization of novel regulatory proteins would provide new insights into stress adaptation and enable directed genetic manipulations for developing climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Barua
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nilesh Vikram Lande
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pratigya Subba
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneha Pinto
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575 018, India
- International Technology Park, Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, 560066, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Kumari S, Hiloidhari M, Kumari N, Naik SN, Dahiya RP. Climate change impact of livestock CH 4 emission in India: Global temperature change potential (GTP) and surface temperature response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:516-522. [PMID: 28915399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two climate metrics, Global surface Temperature Change Potential (GTP) and the Absolute GTP (AGTP) are used for studying the global surface temperature impact of CH4 emission from livestock in India. The impact on global surface temperature is estimated for 20 and 100 year time frames due to CH4 emission. The results show that the CH4 emission from livestock, worked out to 15.3 Tg in 2012. In terms of climate metrics GTP of livestock-related CH4 emission in India in 2012 were 1030 Tg CO2e (GTP20) and 62 Tg CO2e (GTP100) at the 20 and 100 year time horizon, respectively. The study also illustrates that livestock-related CH4 emissions in India can cause a surface temperature increase of up to 0.7mK and 0.036mK over the 20 and 100 year time periods, respectively. The surface temperature response to a year of Indian livestock emission peaks at 0.9mK in the year 2021 (9 years after the time of emission). The AGTP gives important information in terms of temperature change due to annual CH4 emissions, which is useful when comparing policies that address multiple gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Kumari
- Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Moonmoon Hiloidhari
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nisha Kumari
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India
| | - S N Naik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - R P Dahiya
- Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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