1
|
Zhang Z, Guan S, Lv L, Jiang F, He D, Song H, Sun W, Tian F, Jiang S. Association between serum Klotho and major depression: Results from the NHANES 2007-2016 and Mendelian randomization studies. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:134-140. [PMID: 39043308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is a public health problem facing the world. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for major depression and clarify their causal effects. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the effect of each variable on major depression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to observe the stability of the association between them. Nonlinear correlations were explored using restricted cubic spline plots. The causal effects of serum Klotho on major depression were assessed using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. RESULTS A total of 8359 participated in the study. After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of having major depression was 1.47 times higher for each unit rise in serum Klotho (OR = 1.47, 95 % CI = 1.07-2.02; P = 0.0183). MR analysis showed no causal relationship between serum Klotho levels and risk of major depression (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.30; P = 0.4120). Sensitivity analysis verified the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Serum Klotho is positively associated with an increased risk of major depression in the U.S. population, but MR analyses did not show genetic causality between Klotho and major depression in individuals of European ancestry. Based on the results of the current study, no indication maintaining high levels of Klotho may increase the risk of major depression. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is the inconsistency of the cross-sectional study and the MR population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zufa Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Zhongshan Clinical Collage of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Guan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Long Lv
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fengze Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Danni He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weibing Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sixiong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Microenvironment Regulation and Immunotherapy of Urinary Tumors of Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Birdi A, Tomo S, Sharma M, Yadav P, Charan J, Sharma P, Yadav D. Association of Klotho with Neuropsychiatric Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:429-437. [PMID: 39005867 PMCID: PMC11239616 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are mainly concerned with the behavioural, emotional and cognition symptoms that may be due to disturbed cerebral functions or extracerebral disease. Klotho protein is an antiaging protein that is mostly associated with cognitive changes in these disorders and thus this meta-analysis is conducted in order to find Klotho proteins association with these disorders. We searched related topics in pubmed, by using the key word i.e. Klotho and related disorder from neuropsychiatry e.g. Klotho levels and schizophrenia, Klotho levels and parkinsonism etc. Total 82 studies were found till 9th February 2021 after extensive search and 10 studies were selected for further analysis. The meta-analysis of studies was performed using the Random effect model. The forest plot represented each study in the meta-analysis, so as to make the comparison of SMD value across studies. The meta-analysis outcome demonstrated that overall schizophrenia had higher klotho levels as compared with bipolar disorder, psychosocial stress, parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy controls, followed by MS. The meta-analysis also found that bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease were associated with low klotho levels as compared to schizophrenia. The results indicate a significant association of the klotho levels and schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential biological roles of klotho levels in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Birdi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lemche E, Killick R, Mitchell J, Caton PW, Choudhary P, Howard JK. Molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106485. [PMID: 38643861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research evidence indicating common metabolic mechanisms through which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases risk of late-onset Alzheimer's dementia (LOAD) has accumulated over recent decades. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive review of common mechanisms, which have hitherto been discussed in separate perspectives, and to assemble and evaluate candidate loci and epigenetic modifications contributing to polygenic risk linkages between T2DM and LOAD. For the systematic review on pathophysiological mechanisms, both human and animal studies up to December 2023 are included. For the qualitative meta-analysis of genomic bases, human association studies were examined; for epigenetic mechanisms, data from human studies and animal models were accepted. Papers describing pathophysiological studies were identified in databases, and further literature gathered from cited work. For genomic and epigenomic studies, literature mining was conducted by formalised search codes using Boolean operators in search engines, and augmented by GeneRif citations in Entrez Gene, and other sources (WikiGenes, etc.). For the systematic review of pathophysiological mechanisms, 923 publications were evaluated, and 138 gene loci extracted for testing candidate risk linkages. 3 57 publications were evaluated for genomic association and descriptions of epigenomic modifications. Overall accumulated results highlight insulin signalling, inflammation and inflammasome pathways, proteolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, glycosylation, lipoprotein metabolism and oxidation, cell cycle regulation or survival, autophagic-lysosomal pathways, and energy. Documented findings suggest interplay between brain insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, insult compensatory mechanisms, and peripheral metabolic dysregulation in T2DM and LOAD linkage. The results allow for more streamlined longitudinal studies of T2DM-LOAD risk linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Killick
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Mitchell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl CIinical Neurosciences Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Caton
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Diabetes Research Group, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Hu B, Yang S. Association between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older adults: NHANES 2007-2012. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11477. [PMID: 38769411 PMCID: PMC11106061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether Klotho plays any role in hypothyroidism is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older adults. From the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1444 older adults aged 65-79 were included in this cross-sectional study. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed using participants' reports of current medications and TSH tests. Klotho was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older people was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression models, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effects. A total of 209 (14.47%) participants were identified as having hypothyroidism. Serum Klotho (ln transformation) is independently and significantly negatively associated with the risk of hypothyroidism after complete adjustment for confounders (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31-0.80; P = 0.0039). The results remained stable based on subgroup analyses and interaction tests. However, we observed an inverted U-shaped curve between the two using a smoothed curve fitting in the subgroups of 70 < age ≤ 75 years and females, with inflection points of 6.26 and 6.17, respectively. The results of our study indicate that serum Klotho levels negatively correlate with hypothyroidism among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Suyun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wu M, Xiang L, Liu S, Luo G, Lin Q, Xiao L. Association of Dietary Vitamin C Consumption with Serum Klotho Concentrations. Foods 2023; 12:4230. [PMID: 38231677 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is widely recognized as a protein that combats aging and possesses antioxidative characteristics, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the consumption of dietary nutrients, particularly those rich in antioxidants, could be associated with serum Klotho concentrations. Dietary vitamin C is one of the critical nutrients that possesses antioxidant properties. Nonetheless, the association between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Aiming to evaluate the relationship between serum Klotho concentrations and dietary vitamin C consumption among Americans aged 40 to 79, we conducted a population-based study. METHODS From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2016, a grand total of 11,282 individuals who met the criteria were selected as eligible participants for the study. Serum Klotho concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit that is commercially available. Trained interviewers evaluated the consumption of dietary vitamin C in the diet through a 24-hour dietary recall technique. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the correlation between the consumption of dietary vitamin C in the diet and serum Klotho concentrations. Further examination was conducted using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis to explore the non-linear correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption in the diet and serum Klotho concentrations. RESULTS After accounting for possible confounding factors, serum Klotho concentrations rose by 1.17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37%, 1.99%) with every standard deviation (SD) rise in dietary vitamin C consumption. With the first quintile of dietary vitamin C consumption as a reference, the percentage change of serum Klotho concentrations in the fifth quintile of dietary vitamin C consumption was 3.66% higher (95% CI: 1.05%, 6.32%). In older, normal-weight, and male participants, the subgroup analysis revealed a stronger correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations. Analysis of RCS showed a linear positive association between dietary vitamin C consumption and the levels of serum Klotho concentrations. CONCLUSION The findings of this research indicate a strong and positive correlation between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations among the general adult population in the United States. Further studies are needed to validate the present findings and to explore specific mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Si Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paquette JS, Rhéaume C, Cordeau P, Moulin JA, Audet-Walsh E, Blanchette V, Drouin-Chartier JP, Toi AK, Tremblay A. The Longevity Protein Klotho: A Promising Tool to Monitor Lifestyle Improvements. Metabolites 2023; 13:1157. [PMID: 37999253 PMCID: PMC10673288 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is not a disease; it is a natural evolution of human physiology. Medical advances have extended our life expectancy, but chronic diseases and geriatric syndrome continue to affect the increasingly aging population. Yet modern medicine perpetuates an approach based on treatment rather than prevention and education. In order to help solve this ever-growing problem, a new discipline has emerged: lifestyle medicine. Nutrition, physical activity, stress management, restorative sleep, social connection, and avoidance of risky substances are the pillars on which lifestyle medicine is founded. The aim of this discipline is to increase healthspan and reduce the duration of morbidity by making changes to our lifestyle. In this review, we propose the use of klotho protein as a novel biomarker for lifestyle medicine in order to quantify and monitor the health status of individuals, as no integrative tool currently exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Paquette
- Primary Care Research and Innovation Laboratory (Laboratoire ARIMED), Groupe de Médecine de Famille Universitaire du Nord de Lanaudière, Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Lanaudière, Joliette, QC J6E 5X7, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Rhéaume
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie-Alexandra Moulin
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Etienne Audet-Walsh
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Virginie Blanchette
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Human Kinetics and Podiatric Medicine, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Centre, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alfred-Kodjo Toi
- Vitam, Research Center on Sustainable Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- NUTRISS (Nutrition, Health and Society) Research Centre, Institute on Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pańczyszyn-Trzewik P, Czechowska E, Stachowicz K, Sowa-Kućma M. The Importance of α-Klotho in Depression and Cognitive Impairment and Its Connection to Glutamate Neurotransmission-An Up-to-Date Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15268. [PMID: 37894946 PMCID: PMC10607524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious neuropsychiatric disease affecting an increasing number of people worldwide. Cognitive deficits (including inattention, poor memory, and decision-making difficulties) are common in the clinical picture of depression. Cognitive impairment has been hypothesized to be one of the most important components of major depressive disorder (MDD; referred to as clinical depression), although typical cognitive symptoms are less frequent in people with depression than in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD; sometimes referred to as manic-depressive disorder). The importance of α-Klotho in the aging process has been well-documented. Growing evidence points to the role of α-Klotho in regulating other biological functions, including responses to oxidative stress and the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It has been proven that a Klotho deficit may contribute to the development of various nervous system pathologies, such as behavioral disorders or neurodegeneration. Given the growing evidence of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment, it is assumed that this protein may be a molecular link between them. Here, we provide a research review of the role of α-Klotho in depression and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we propose potential mechanisms (related to oxidative stress and glutamatergic transmission) that may be important in α-Klotho-mediated regulation of mental and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Pańczyszyn-Trzewik
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.P.-T.); (E.C.)
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna Street 1A, 35-595 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Orellana AM, Mazucanti CH, Dos Anjos LP, de Sá Lima L, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Klotho increases antioxidant defenses in astrocytes and ubiquitin-proteasome activity in neurons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15080. [PMID: 37699938 PMCID: PMC10497516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is an antiaging protein, and its levels decline with age and chronic stress. The exogenous administration of Klotho can enhance cognitive performance in mice and negatively modulate the Insulin/IGF1/PI3K/AKT pathway in terms of metabolism. In humans, insulin sensitivity is a hallmark of healthy longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if exogenous Klotho, when added to neuronal and astrocytic cell cultures, could reduce the phosphorylation levels of certain insulin signaling effectors and enhance antioxidant strategies in these cells. Primary cell cultures of cortical astrocytes and neurons from mice were exposed to 1 nM Klotho for 24 h, with or without glucose. Klotho decreased pAKT and mTOR levels. However, in astrocytes, Klotho increased FOXO-3a activity and catalase levels, shielding them from intermediate oxidative stress. In neurons, Klotho did not alter FOXO-3 phosphorylation levels but increased proteasome activity, maintaining lower levels of PFKFB3. This study offers new insights into the roles of Klotho in regulating energy metabolism and the redox state in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Mazucanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes Section, National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leticia Pavan Dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences ICB-1, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brown RL, Epel EE, Lin J, Dubal DB, Prather AA. Associations between klotho and telomere biology in high stress caregivers. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7381-7396. [PMID: 37580799 PMCID: PMC10457041 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging biomarkers may be related to each other through direct co-regulation and/or through being regulated by common processes associated with chronological aging or stress. Klotho is an aging regulator that acts as a circulating hormone with critical involvement in regulating insulin signaling, phosphate homeostasis, oxidative stress, and age-related inflammatory functioning. Both klotho and telomere length are biomarkers of biological aging and decrease with age; however, the relationship between them is not well understood. Here we test the association between klotho levels and the telomere length of specific sorted immune cells among a healthy sample of mothers caregiving for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; i.e., experiencing higher caregiving stress) or a child without ASD, covarying age and body mass index, in order to understand if high stress associated with caregiving for a child with an ASD may be involved in any association between these aging biomarkers. In 178 caregiving women (n = 90 high-stress mothers of children with ASD, n = 88 low-stress mothers of neurotypical children), we found that klotho levels were positively associated with telomere length in PBMCs (an effect driven by CD4+ and CD8+CD28- T cells) among high-stress mothers of children with an ASD but not among low-stress mothers of neurotypical children. There were no significant associations between klotho and telomerase activity in either group, across cell types assessed here. Our results suggest that klotho levels and telomere length may be associated through a coordinated downregulation of longevity factors occurring under higher stress caregiving conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Elissa E. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Lu J, Huang S, Chen Y, Fang Q, Cao Y. Sex differences in the association between serum α-Klotho and depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007-2016. J Affect Disord 2023:S0165-0327(23)00713-9. [PMID: 37236270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a well-known anti-aging protein that exerts pleiotropic effects; however, little is known regarding serum α-Klotho in the context of depression. Here, we evaluated the association between serum α-Klotho levels and depression in middle-aged and older individuals. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016 with a total of 5272 participants who were ≥40 years of age. Depression was evaluated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The association between serum α-Klotho levels and depression was determined on the basis of multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the enrolled adults was 58.94 ± 10.54 years, of which 49.5 % were female. When serum α-Klotho was log10-transformed, it was significantly inversely associated with depression in females in the final adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.85). In the contrast, serum α-Klotho (log10) was significantly positively associated with depression in males in one of the adjusted models (OR, 3.71; 95 % CI, 1.17-11.8), and this disappeared after adjusting other covariates (all P > 0.05). Based on further stratified respective analyses of females and males, the results were stable. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study could not yield any conclusions regarding causality. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, serum α-Klotho levels were negatively related to the prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly women. This study provides new evidence of sex differences in the association between serum α-Klotho levels and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shicun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klotho Regulated by Estrogen Plays a Key Role in Sex Differences in Stress Resilience in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021206. [PMID: 36674721 PMCID: PMC9862442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho (KL) is a glycosyl hydrolase and aging-suppressor gene. Stress is a risk factor for depression and anxiety, which are highly comorbid with each other. The aim of this study is to determine whether KL is regulated by estrogen and plays an important role in sex differences in stress resilience. Our results showed that KL is regulated by estrogen in rat hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro and is essential for the estrogen-mediated increase in the number of presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (Vglut1)-positive clusters on the dendrites of hippocampal neurons. The role of KL in sex differences in stress response was examined in rats using 3-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). CUMS produced a deficit in spatial learning and memory, anhedonic-like behaviors, and anxiety-like behaviors in male but not female rats, which was accompanied by a reduction in KL protein levels in the hippocampus of male but not female rats. This demonstrated the resilience of female rats to CUMS. Interestingly, the knockdown of KL protein levels in the rat hippocampus of both sexes caused a decrease in stress resilience in both sexes, especially in female rats. These results suggest that the regulation of KL by estrogen plays an important role in estrogen-mediated synapse formation and that KL plays a critical role in the sex differences in cognitive deficit, anhedonic-like behaviors, and anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic stress in rats, highlighting an important role of KL in sex differences in stress resilience.
Collapse
|
12
|
Birdi A, Tomo S, Yadav D, Sharma P, Nebhinani N, Mitra P, Banerjee M, Purohit P. Role of Klotho Protein in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:13-21. [PMID: 36684492 PMCID: PMC9852376 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are comprised of diseases having both the neurological and psychiatric manifestations. The increasing burden of the disease on the population worldwide makes it necessary to adopt measures to decrease the prevalence. The Klotho is a single pass transmembrane protein that decreases with age, has been associated with various pathological diseases, like reduced bone mineral density, cardiac problems and cognitive impairment. However, multiple studies have explored its role in different neuropsychiatric disorders. A comprehensive search was undertaken in the Pubmed database for articles with the keywords "Klotho" and "neuropsychiatric disorders". The available literature, based on the above search strategy, has been compiled in this brief narrative review to describe the emerging role of Klotho in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The Klotho levels were decreased in various neuropsychiatric disorders except for bipolar disorder. A suppressed Klotho protein levels induced oxidative stress and incited pro-inflammatory conditions significantly contributing to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorder. The increasing evidence of altered Klotho protein levels in cognition-decrement-related disorders warrants its consideration as a biomarker in various neuropsychiatric diseases. However, further evidence is required to understand its role as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Birdi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Naresh Nebhinani
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Mithu Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luthra NS, Clow A, Corcos DM. The Interrelated Multifactorial Actions of Cortisol and Klotho: Potential Implications in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1695. [PMID: 36552155 PMCID: PMC9775285 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex, multilayered, and not fully understood, resulting in a lack of effective disease-modifying treatments for this prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Symptoms of PD are heterogenous, including motor impairment as well as non-motor symptoms such as depression, cognitive impairment, and circadian disruption. Aging and stress are important risk factors for PD, leading us to explore pathways that may either accelerate or protect against cellular aging and the detrimental effects of stress. Cortisol is a much-studied hormone that can disrupt mitochondrial function and increase oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are recognized as key underlying disease mechanisms in PD. The more recently discovered klotho protein, considered a general aging-suppressor, has a similarly wide range of actions but in the opposite direction to cortisol: promoting mitochondrial function while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Both hormones also converge on pathways of vitamin D metabolism and insulin resistance, also implicated to play a role in PD. Interestingly, aging, stress and PD associate with an increase in cortisol and decrease in klotho, while physical exercise and certain genetic variations lead to a decrease in cortisol response and increased klotho. Here, we review the interrelated opposite actions of cortisol and klotho in the pathogenesis of PD. Together they impact powerful and divergent mechanisms that may go on to influence PD-related symptoms. Better understanding of these hormones in PD would facilitate the design of effective interventions that can simultaneously impact the multiple systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94127, USA
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abraham CR, Li A. Aging-suppressor Klotho: Prospects in diagnostics and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101766. [PMID: 36283617 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein Klotho (KL) was first discovered in KL-deficient mice, which developed a syndrome similar to premature aging in humans. Since then, KL has been implicated in multiple molecular signaling pathways and diseases. KL has been shown to have anti-aging, healthspan and lifespan extending, cognitive enhancing, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. KL levels decrease with age and in many diseases. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop a KL-boosting or restoring drug, or to supplement endogenous Klotho with exogenous Klotho genetic material or recombinant Klotho protein, and to use KL levels in the body as a marker for the efficacy of such drugs and as a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of diseases. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of KL levels across age groups in individuals who are healthy or have certain health conditions, using four sources: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and whole biopsy/necropsy tissue. By doing so, baseline KL levels can be identified across the lifespan, in the absence or presence of disease. In turn, these findings can be used to guide the development of future KL-based therapeutics and biomarkers, which will heavily rely on an individual's baseline KL range to be efficacious. METHODS A total of 65 studies were collected primarily using the PubMed database. Research articles that were published up to April 2022 were included. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio. RESULTS Mean and median blood KL levels in healthy individuals, mean blood KL levels in individuals with renal conditions, and mean blood KL levels in individuals with metabolic or endocrine conditions were shown to decrease with age. Similarly, CSF KL levels in patients with AD also declined compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the trend that KL levels in blood decrease with age in humans, among those who are healthy, and even further among those with renal and endocrine/metabolic illnesses. Further, by drawing this trend from multiple published works, we were able to provide a general idea of baseline KL ranges, specifically in blood in these populations. These data add to the current knowledge on normal KL levels in the body and how they change with time and in disease, and can potentially support efforts to create KL-based treatments and screening tools to better manage aging, renal, and metabolic/endocrine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Anne Li
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kazgan Kılıçaslan A, Yıldız S, Sırlıer Emir B, Kılıç F, Atmaca M. Serum Klotho and FGF23 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2022; 32:229-236. [PMID: 38766669 PMCID: PMC11099619 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to compare the serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with schizophrenia, in whom etiopathogenesis inflammation plays an important role, with those of healthy control subjects and to investigate a possible correlation between these levels. Methods Forty male patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy male control subjects who were followed up and/or treated at the High-Security Forensic Psychiatry Clinic participated in the study. Sociodemographic data form, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale were collected from all subjects, and participants' fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho serum levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls (P = .048 and P = .010, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in subjects (r = 0.816; P < .001). Conclusion Our study is the first to show significantly higher combined serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho in patients with schizophrenia. The Klotho/fibroblast growth factor 23 pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The involvement of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in inflammatory processes has the potential to provide alternative approaches to elucidate the etiopathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevler Yıldız
- Department of Psychiatry, Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Faruk Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, Fırat University, School of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Life extension factor klotho regulates behavioral responses to stress via modulation of GluN2B function in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1710-1720. [PMID: 35449449 PMCID: PMC9283408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a life extension factor that has the ability to regulate the function of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), whose dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) underlies critical aspects of the pathophysiology of major depression. Here, we study the functional relevance of klotho in the pathogenesis of depression. A chronic social defeat stress paradigm, in which mice are categorized as either susceptible or unsusceptible based on their performance in a social interaction test, was used in this study. We found that the expression of klotho was largely decreased in the NAc of susceptible mice compared to control or unsusceptible mice. Genetic knockdown of klotho in the NAc induced behavioral alterations relevant to depression in naive mice, while overexpression of klotho produced an antidepressive effect in normal mice and ameliorated the behavioral responses to stress in susceptible mice. Molecularly, knockdown of klotho in the NAc resulted in selective decreases in total and synaptic GluN2B expression that were identical to those in susceptible mice. Elevation of klotho in the NAc reversed the reductions in GluN2B expressions and altered synaptic transmission and spine density in the NAc of susceptible mice. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B with a specific antagonist abolished the beneficial effects of klotho elevation in susceptible mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that klotho in the NAc modulates behavioral responses to stress by regulating the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results reveal a novel role for klotho in the pathogenesis of depression, providing new insights into the molecular basis of major depression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Sahu A, Mi Q, Clemens ZJ, Martin BJ, Flanagan SD, Ferrarelli F, Ambrosio F, Nindl BC. Utility of extracellular vesicles as a potential biological indicator of physiological resilience during military operational stress. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15219. [PMID: 35373929 PMCID: PMC8978596 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport biological content between cells to mediate physiological processes. The association between EVs and resilience, the ability to cope with stress, is unknown. Using unbiased machine learning approaches, we aimed to identify a biological profile of resilience. Twenty servicemen (27.8 ± 5.9 years) completed the Connor Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC) questionnaire and were exposed to daily physical and cognitive exertion with 48-hr sleep and caloric restriction. Blood samples from baseline and the second day of stress were analyzed for neuroendocrine biomarkers impacted by military stress. EVs were isolated from plasma and stained with antibodies associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), and apoptotic bodies (THSD1). Individuals were separated into high (n = 10, CD-RISC > 90) and low (n = 10, CD-RISC < 79) resilience. EV features were stratified by size, then down-selected using regression trees and compared between groups. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Compared to low resilience, high resilience demonstrated a greater increase in variability of THSD1 local bright spot intensities among large-sized EVs in response to stress (p = 0.002, Hedges' g = 1.59). Among medium-sized EVs, high resilience exhibited a greater decrease in side scatter intensity (p = 0.014, Hedges' g = 1.17). Both features demonstrated high to moderate diagnostic accuracy for high resilience (AUC = 0.90 and 0.79). In contrast, neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations were similar between groups. The increase in variability among THSD1 + EVs in high, but not low, resilient individuals following stress may suggest high resilience is accompanied by stress-triggered apoptotic adaptations to the environment that are not detected in neuroendocrine biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Mi
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
S-Klotho level and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy adult men. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:708-727. [PMID: 35093938 PMCID: PMC8833136 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
S-Klotho is perceived as a biomarker of healthy aging that has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk in elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to test if s-Klotho level is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in younger healthy men in order to verify the possible role of s-Klotho level as an early marker of cardiometabolic risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 healthy men (Mage=35.33, SDage=3.47) from a Western urban population. Serum basal levels of s-Klotho, lipid profile, homocysteine, glycemia markers, C-reactive protein, liver transaminases and creatinine were evaluated. Also, blood pressure was measured and cardiometabolic risk score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Testosterone and cortisol levels, self-reported psychological stress, physical activity, smoking in the past, alcohol use and body adiposity were controlled for. We found no relationship between levels of s-Klotho and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in the studied population. The results were similar when controlled for adiposity, testosterone level, physical activity, alcohol use and smoking in the past. We suggest that s-Klotho level is not an early marker of cardiometabolic risk in younger middle-aged healthy men.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gaitán JM, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Engelman CD, Johnson SC, Sager MA, Wang D, Dubal DB, Okonkwo OC. Circulating Klotho Is Higher in Cerebrospinal Fluid than Serum and Elevated Among KLOTHO Heterozygotes in a Cohort with Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1557-1569. [PMID: 36314202 PMCID: PMC10139824 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is a longevity and neuroprotective hormone encoded by the KLOTHO gene, and heterozygosity for the KL-VS variant confers a protective effect against neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE Test whether klotho concentrations in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vary as a function of KLOTHO KL-VS genotype, determine whether circulating klotho concentrations from serum and CSF differ from one another, and evaluate whether klotho levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors. METHODS Circulating klotho was measured in serum (n = 1,116) and CSF (n = 183) of cognitively intact participants (aged 62.4 ± 6.5 years; 69.5% female). KLOTHO KL-VS zygosity (non-carrier; heterozygote; homozygote) was also determined. Linear regression was used to test whether klotho hormone concentration varied as a function of KL-VS genotype, specimen source, and demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Serum and CSF klotho were higher in KL-VS carriers than non-carriers. Klotho concentration was higher in CSF than in serum. Females had higher serum and CSF klotho, while younger age was associated with higher klotho in CSF. CONCLUSION In a cohort enriched for risk for Alzheimer's disease, heterozygotic and homozygotic carriers of the KL-VS allele, females, and younger individuals have higher circulating klotho. Fluid source, KL-VS genotype, age, and sex should be considered in analyses of circulating klotho on brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 707, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mark A. Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792 USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut St. Suite 957, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gaitán JM, Moon HY, Stremlau M, Dubal DB, Cook DB, Okonkwo OC, van Praag H. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660181. [PMID: 34093436 PMCID: PMC8173166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses are lacking. To begin to address this issue, we utilized blood samples of 23 asymptomatic late middle-aged adults, with familial and genetic risk for AD (mean age 65 years old, 50% female) who underwent 26 weeks of supervised treadmill training. Systemic biomarkers implicated in learning and memory, including the myokine Cathepsin B (CTSB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and klotho, as well as metabolomics were evaluated. Here we show that aerobic exercise training increases plasma CTSB and that changes in CTSB, but not BDNF or klotho, correlate with cognitive performance. BDNF levels decreased with exercise training. Klotho levels were unchanged by training, but closely associated with change in VO2peak. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs), reductions in ceramides, sphingo- and phospholipids, as well as changes in gut microbiome metabolites and redox homeostasis, with exercise. Multiple metabolites (~30%) correlated with changes in BDNF, but not CSTB or klotho. The positive association between CTSB and cognition, and the modulation of lipid metabolites implicated in dementia, support the beneficial effects of exercise training on brain function. Overall, our analyses indicate metabolic regulation of exercise-induced plasma BDNF changes and provide evidence that CTSB is a marker of cognitive changes in late middle-aged adults at risk for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew Stremlau
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, United States
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sugar sweetened beverage consumption is positively associated with Klotho levels at two years of age in LatinX youth. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33888157 PMCID: PMC8063295 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Klotho is an anti-aging protein mainly expressed in the kidneys with a smaller amount expressed in adipose tissue. Klotho effects include roles in reducing oxidative stress, insulin signaling, adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated the role of dietary factors such as sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) on serum α-klotho levels in young children. Methods Data was collected from 60 low-income Latina pregnant women and their infants in San Francisco from birth until 2 years of life and examined for associations between dietary factors and child secreted α-klotho protein levels at 2 years. Results Mean α-klotho levels were 1782.96 ± 874.56 pg/mL at 2 years of age. Any consumption of SSBs was independently associated with increased α-klotho levels (Beta = 682.79, 95%CI 67.50, 1298.09; p = 0.03). Household income ranging from $25,000 to $50,000 was also correlated to higher levels of α-klotho in children compared with lower income levels (<$25,000) (Beta = 1613.35, 95%CI 527.37, 2699.33; p = 0.005). Conclusions The positive association between SSB intake and α-klotho levels at 2 years may reflect higher phosphate levels consistent with SSB intake. Higher socioeconomic status may be a proxy for reduced stress exposure in children, also associated with higher α-klotho levels. Future studies should evaluate the early impact of exposures to SSBs, stress and accelerated aging in children.
Collapse
|
23
|
Beckner ME, Conkright WR, Eagle SR, Martin BJ, Sinnott AM, LaGoy AD, Proessl F, Lovalekar M, Jabloner LR, Roma PG, Basner M, Ferrarelli F, Germain A, Flanagan SD, Connaboy C, Nindl BC. Impact of simulated military operational stress on executive function relative to trait resilience, aerobic fitness, and neuroendocrine biomarkers. Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113413. [PMID: 33811909 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the impact of 48 h of simulated military operational stress (SMOS) on executive function, in addition to the role of trait resilience (RES) and aerobic fitness (FIT) on executive function performance. Associations between executive function and neuropeptide-Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), oxytocin, and α-klotho (klotho) were assessed to elucidate potential biomarkers that may contribute to cognitive performance during a multi-factorial stress scenario. METHODS Fifty-four service members (SM) (26.4 ± 5.4 years, 178.0 ± 6.5 cm, 85.2 ± 14.0 kg) completed the 5-day protocol, including daily physical exertion and 48 h of restricted sleep and caloric intake. Each morning subjects completed a fasted blood draw followed by Cognition, a 10-part cognitive test battery assessing executive function. SMs were grouped into tertiles [low (L-), moderate (M-), high (H-)] based on Connor Davidson Resilience Score (RES) and V˙O2peak (FIT). Repeated measures ANOVA were run to analyze the effect of day on cognitive performance and biomarker concentration. Separate two-way mixed ANOVAs were run to determine the interaction of group by day on cognitive function. Friedman test with Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons were used if assumptions for ANOVA were not met. Associations between changes in biomarkers and cognitive performance were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric correlation coefficients. RESULTS SMOS reduced SM vigilance -11.3% (p < 0.001) and working memory -5.6% (p = 0.015), and increased risk propensity +9.5% (p = 0.005). H-RES and H-FIT SMs demonstrated stable vigilance across SMOS (p > 0.05). Vigilance was compromised during SMOS in L- and M-RES (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively) as well as L- and M-FIT (p = 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively). SMOS reduced circulating concentrations of α-klotho -7.2% (p = 0.004), NPY -6.4% (p = 0.001), and IGF-I -8.1% (p < 0.001) from baseline through the end of the protocol. BDNF declined -19.2% after the onset of sleep and caloric restriction (p = 0.005) with subsequent recovery within 48 h. Oxytocin remained stable (p > 0.05). Several modest associations between neuroendocrine biomarkers and cognitive performance were identified. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates H-FIT and H-RES may buffer the impact of SMOS on vigilance. SMOS negatively impacted circulating neuroendocrine biomarkers. While BDNF returned to baseline concentrations by the end of the 5 d protocol, NPY, IGF-I, and α-klotho may require a longer recovery period. These data suggest that the military may benefit by training and/or selection processes targeting at augmenting trait resilience and aerobic fitness for increased readiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn R Eagle
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Sinnott
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alice D LaGoy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Military Sleep Tactics and Resilience Research Team, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Felix Proessl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leslie R Jabloner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter G Roma
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Military Sleep Tactics and Resilience Research Team, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Germain
- Military Sleep Tactics and Resilience Research Team, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Connaboy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palma-Gudiel H, Prather AA, Lin J, Oxendine JD, Guintivano J, Xia K, Rubinow DR, Wolkowitz O, Epel ES, Zannas AS. HPA axis regulation and epigenetic programming of immune-related genes in chronically stressed and non-stressed mid-life women. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 92:49-56. [PMID: 33221485 PMCID: PMC7897273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has been associated with altered immune function, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, respond to the glucocorticoid end-products of the HPA axis (cortisol in humans) and could be involved in this neuroendocrine-immune crosstalk. Here we examined the extent to which variations in HPA axis regulation are associated with peripheral blood DNA (CpG) methylation changes in 57 chronically stressed caregivers and 67 control women. DNA methylation was determined with the Illumina 450k array for a panel of genes involved in HPA axis and immune function. HPA axis feedback was assessed with the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST), measuring the extent to which cortisol secretion is suppressed by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. After multiple testing correction in the entire cohort, higher post-DST cortisol, reflecting blunted HPA axis negative feedback, but not baseline waking cortisol, was associated with lower DNA methylation at eight TNF and two FKBP5 CpG sites. Caregiver group status was associated with lower methylation at two IL6 CpG sites. Since associations were most robust with TNF methylation (32% of the 450k-covered sites), we further examined functionality of this epigenetic signature in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 33 participants; intriguingly, lower TNF methylation resulted in higher ex vivo TNF mRNA following immune stimulation. Taken together, our findings link chronic stress and HPA axis regulation with epigenetic signatures at immune-related genes, thereby providing novel insights into how aberrant HPA axis function may contribute to heightened inflammation and disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jake D Oxendine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Owen Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Could α-Klotho Unlock the Key Between Depression and Dementia in the Elderly: from Animal to Human Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2874-2885. [PMID: 33527303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Klotho is known for its aging-related functions and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, accelerated aging, premature morbidity, and mortality. Recent literature suggests that α-Klotho is also involved in the regulation of mental functions, such as cognition and psychosis. While most of studies of α-Klotho are focusing on its anti-aging functions and protective role in dementia, increasing evidence showed many shared symptoms between depression and dementia, while depression has been proposed as the preclinical stage of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). To see whether and how α-Klotho can be a key biological link between depression and dementia, in this review, we first gathered the evidence on biological distribution and function of α-Klotho in psychiatric functions from animal studies to human clinical investigations with a focus on the regulation of cognition and mood. Then, we discussed and highlighted the potential common underlying mechanisms of α-Klotho between psychiatric diseases and cognitive impairment. Finally, we hypothesized that α-Klotho might serve as a neurobiological link between depression and dementia through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakanishi K, Nishida M, Taneike M, Yamamoto R, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Serum Klotho Levels Contribute to the Prevention of Disease Progression. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:229-236. [PMID: 33519229 PMCID: PMC7837548 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s291437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the progression of a disorder from its pre-clinical state is important in the prevention of various diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the role of serum levels of αKlotho (αKl) in the progression of several pre-clinical disorders. METHODS This cohort study included 80 males who underwent their annual health checkup during the entry period between April 2005 and March 2008. Physical and biochemical parameters were obtained from all subjects. The associations of baseline serum levels of soluble αKl (sαKl) with the progression of the disorders were assessed in the study. RESULTS Baseline serum levels of sαKl were significantly lower in subjects developing a high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level than in subjects not developing a high FPG level. Logistic multivariable analysis showed that baseline serum levels of sαKl and FPG levels significantly associated with a high FPG level progression. It is suggested that low sαKl levels are associated with the progression of hyperglycemia. Evaluation of serum levels of sαKl in subjects with multiple disorders revealed that those with more pre-clinical disorders progression tended to show lower sαKl levels. CONCLUSION A decrease in serum levels of sαKl could be associated with the progression of pre-clinical disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Nakanishi
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao X, Sun Z, Ma G, Li Y, Liu M, Zhang G, Xu H, Gao Y, Zhou J, Deng Q, Li R. Reduced Plasma Levels of α-Klotho and Their Correlation With Klotho Polymorphisms in Elderly Patients With Major Depressive Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:682691. [PMID: 34721095 PMCID: PMC8548667 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.682691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent literature suggests that α-Klotho, a widely recognized anti-aging protein, is involved in longevity as well as in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and depression. Although the Klotho gene encodes α-Klotho, a single transmembrane protein with intracellular and extracellular domains, the relationship between Klotho gene polymorphism and circulating α-Klotho levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is not clear. Methods: A total of 144 MDD patients and 112 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The Klotho genetic polymorphisms (rs9536314, rs9527025, and rs9315202) and plasma α-Klotho levels were measured by PCR and ELISA, respectively. The severity of depressive symptoms was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Results: We found a significantly lower level of plasma α-Klotho in the MDD patients than in controls. Among them, only elderly MDD patients (first episode) showed significantly lower α-Klotho levels than the age-matched controls, while elderly recurrent and young MDD patients showed no difference in plasma α-Klotho levels from age-matched controls. The young MDD group showed a significantly earlier onset age, higher plasma α-Klotho levels, and lower HAMD scores than those in the elderly MDD group. While the plasma α-Klotho levels were higher in rs9315202 T alleles carrier regardless age or sex, the rs9315202 T allele was negatively correlated with disease severity only in the elderly MDD patients. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that only elderly MDD patients showed a decrease in plasma α-Klotho levels along with an increase in disease severity as well as an association with the number of rs9315202 T alleles, and not young MDD patients compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that circulating α-Klotho levels combined with Klotho genetic polymorphisms are important in elderly MDD patients, particularly carriers of the Klotho gene rs9315202 T allele.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yane Gao
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jixuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rena Li
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Variation in the klotho gene is linked to differences in health outcomes: klotho allele KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with longevity, better cognition and greater right frontal grey matter volume in late life. Contradicting reports, however, suggest that KL-VS’s effect on health might be age-dependent. Here we examine the relationship between KL-VS genotype, cognition and brain structure in childhood and adolescence. We hypothesized that KL-VS has early influences on cognitive and brain development. We investigated the associations of KL-VS carrier status with cognition and brain morphology in a cohort of 1387 children and adolescents aged 3–21 years, examining main effects and interactions between age, sex and socioeconomic circumstance. KL-VS had no main effect on either cognition or brain structure, though there was a significant KL-VS × age interaction for cognition (specifically executive function, attention, episodic memory, and general cognition), total grey matter and total brain volume. KL-VS heterozygotes had better cognition than non-carriers before age 11, but lower cognition after age 11. Heterozygotes had smaller brains than non-carriers did in early childhood. Sex moderated the association between KL-VS and white matter volume. Among girls, KL-VS heterozygotes had smaller white matter volumes than non-carriers. Among boys, heterozygotes had greater white matter volumes than non-carriers. However, a replication in a cohort of 2306 children aged 6–12 years showed no significant associations. In contrast to findings in late life, these results show that KL-VS does not have a main effect on cognition and brain structure. Furthermore, KL-VS’s influence may depend on age and sex.
Collapse
|
29
|
Polat Y, Yalcin A, Yazihan N, Bahsi R, Mut Surmeli D, Akdas S, Aras S, Varli M. The relationship between frailty and serum alpha klotho levels in geriatric patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104225. [PMID: 32905907 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a medical syndrome resulting in loss of endurance, strength and physiological function. There is insufficient data to understand the process of frailty formation at the gene level, however one of the product of Klotho gene known as an anti-aging gene with many functions that prolong lifespan is alpha klotho protein. We aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty and the serum alpha klotho protein levels. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, there were 89 patients aged 65 years old and older, 45 of whom were frail and 44 of whom were not frail, were included in the study. Within the scope of the study, a sociodemographic and clinical information form, the Turkish version of the FRAIL scale and a comprehensive geriatric assessment were evaluated. In addition to routine laboratory tests, plasma alpha klotho protein levels were measured. RESULTS The mean alpha klotho protein levels of the patients were 0.76 ± 1.01 ng/ml in the control group and 0.54 ± 0.61 ng/ml in the frail group, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.286). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly lower in the frail patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was observed that alpha klotho protein level was inversly correlated with increased CRP levels but association was weak (p = 0.022, R: -0.245). Hb levels (p = 0.018, R: 0.250) was weakly correlated with alpha klotho protein level. CONCLUSION No significant relationship was found between frailty and alpha klotho protein levels in the geriatric patients. Further comprehensive studies are needed to explore this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Polat
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Corum Bayat State Hospital, Internal Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yalcin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Remzi Bahsi
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey; Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Deniz Mut Surmeli
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevginur Akdas
- Ankara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Food, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Aras
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Varli
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thongprayoon C, Neyra JA, Hansrivijit P, Medaura J, Leeaphorn N, Davis PW, Kaewput W, Bathini T, Salim SA, Chewcharat A, Aeddula NR, Vallabhajosyula S, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W. Serum Klotho in Living Kidney Donors and Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061834. [PMID: 32545510 PMCID: PMC7355868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho is a known anti-aging protein that exerts diverse physiological effects, including phosphate homeostasis. Klotho expression occurs predominantly in the kidney and is significantly decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, changes in serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and kidney donors remain unclear. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database from inception through October 2019 to identify studies evaluating serum klotho levels and impacts of klotho on outcomes among KTx recipients and kidney donors. Study results were pooled and analyzed utilizing a random-effects model. Ten cohort studies with a total of 431 KTx recipients and 5 cohort studies with a total of 108 living kidney donors and were identified. After KTx, recipients had a significant increase in serum klotho levels (at 4 to 13 months post-KTx) with a mean difference (MD) of 243.11 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI 67.41 to 418.81 pg/mL). Although KTx recipients had a lower serum klotho level with a MD of = -234.50 pg/mL (five studies; 95% CI -444.84 to -24.16 pg/mL) compared to healthy unmatched volunteers, one study demonstrated comparable klotho levels between KTx recipients and eGFR-matched controls. Among kidney donors, there was a significant decrease in serum klotho levels post-nephrectomy (day 3 to day 5) with a mean difference (MD) of -232.24 pg/mL (three studies; 95% CI -299.41 to -165.07 pg/mL). At one year following kidney donation, serum klotho levels remained lower than baseline before nephrectomy with a MD of = -110.80 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI 166.35 to 55.24 pg/mL). Compared to healthy volunteers, living kidney donors had lower serum klotho levels with a MD of = -92.41 pg/mL (two studies; 95% CI -180.53 to -4.29 pg/mL). There is a significant reduction in serum klotho levels after living kidney donation and an increase in serum klotho levels after KTx. Future prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of changes in klotho on clinical outcomes in KTx recipients and living kidney donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Javier A. Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA 17105, USA;
| | - Juan Medaura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine/Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Paul W. Davis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Wisit Kaewput
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Tarun Bathini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Sohail Abdul Salim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Api Chewcharat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Narothama Reddy Aeddula
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Deaconess Health System, Evansville, IN 47710, USA;
| | | | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (J.M.); (P.W.D.); (S.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheikhi A, Barchowsky A, Sahu A, Shinde SN, Pius A, Clemens ZJ, Li H, Kennedy CA, Hoeck JD, Franti M, Ambrosio F. Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1031-1042. [PMID: 30843026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the first publication describing Klotho. This single protein was and is remarkable in that its absence in mice conferred an accelerated aging, or progeroid, phenotype with a dramatically shortened life span. On the other hand, genetic overexpression extended both health span and life span by an impressive 30%. Not only has Klotho deficiency been linked to a number of debilitating age-related illnesses but many subsequent reports have lent credence to the idea that Klotho can compress the period of morbidity and extend the life span of both model organisms and humans. This suggests that Klotho functions as an integrator of organ systems, making it both a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the biology of aging and an intriguing target for interventional studies. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of Klotho as well as key challenges that have somewhat limited our view, and thus translational potential, of this potent protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research Division, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A Kennedy
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nava R, Zuhl M, Bourbeau K, Moriarty T, Welch A, Mermier C. Relationship between aerobic fitness, antioxidant capacity and the anti-aging hormone, Klotho. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
33
|
Brunoni AR, Supasitthumrong T, Teixeira AL, Vieira EL, Gattaz WF, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Lafer B, Berk M, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Differences in the immune-inflammatory profiles of unipolar and bipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:8-15. [PMID: 31693974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD) both share increased immune-inflammatory activation. However, there are unclear patterns of differences in peripheral immune profiles between them. METHODS We examined such differences in 245 MDD and 59 BD patients, recruited in the same center, who were in an acute depressive episode of moderate severity. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses and generalized linear models were used to compare levels of plasma biomarkers between groups and to predict dichotomous classification. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)1, IL-12 and IL-10 were significantly higher in MDD than in BD, whereas IL-6, sTNFR2, IL-18, IL-33, ST2 (IL1R Like 1) and KLOTHO were significantly higher in BD than in MDD. Moreover, logistic regression analyses correctly classified BD and MDD patients with 98.1% accuracy, using a combination of IL-6, IL-8, ST2, sTNFR2 (directly associated with BD) and IL-12 and TNF-α (directly associated with MDD). Patients with MDD with melancholic features showed higher IL-1β levels than those without melancholia. The sTNFR1 / sTNFR2 ratio significantly predicted MDD and state and trait anxiety and negative affect. Results remained significant after covariate adjustment, including drug use. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional study. Lack of control comparison group. Differences in exposure to medications among participants. CONCLUSIONS Differences in immune profiles between BD and MDD patients exist, especially for the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS): increased IL-10 is the primary immune-regulatory mechanism in MDD, while increased sTNFR2 and KLOTHO are the primary regulatory mechanisms in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Brunoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2565, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, R Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, 2o andar, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UT Health Houston, United States
| | - Erica Lm Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UT Health Houston, United States
| | - Wagner F Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, R Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos 785, 2o andar, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2565, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2565, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Multidimensional informatic deconvolution defines gender-specific roles of hypothalamic GIT2 in aging trajectories. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111150. [PMID: 31574270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most species, females live longer than males. An understanding of this female longevity advantage will likely uncover novel anti-aging therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the transcriptomic responses in the hypothalamus - a key organ for somatic aging control - to the introduction of a simple aging-related molecular perturbation, i.e. GIT2 heterozygosity. Our previous work has demonstrated that GIT2 acts as a network controller of aging. A similar number of both total (1079-female, 1006-male) and gender-unique (577-female, 527-male) transcripts were significantly altered in response to GIT2 heterozygosity in early life-stage (2 month-old) mice. Despite a similar volume of transcriptomic disruption in females and males, a considerably stronger dataset coherency and functional annotation representation was observed for females. It was also evident that female mice possessed a greater resilience to pro-aging signaling pathways compared to males. Using a highly data-dependent natural language processing informatics pipeline, we identified novel functional data clusters that were connected by a coherent group of multifunctional transcripts. From these it was clear that females prioritized metabolic activity preservation compared to males to mitigate this pro-aging perturbation. These findings were corroborated by somatic metabolism analyses of living animals, demonstrating the efficacy of our new informatics pipeline.
Collapse
|
35
|
The goddess who spins the thread of life: Klotho, psychiatric stress, and accelerated aging. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:193-203. [PMID: 30872092 PMCID: PMC6660403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity gene klotho (KL) is associated with age-related phenotypes but has not been evaluated against a direct human biomarker of cellular aging. We examined KL and psychiatric stress, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is thought to potentiate accelerated aging, in association with biomarkers of cellular aging. METHODS The sample comprised 309 white, non-Hispanic genotyped veterans with measures of epigenetic age (DNA methylation age), telomere length (n = 252), inflammation (C-reactive protein), psychiatric symptoms, metabolic function, and white matter neural integrity (diffusion tensor imaging; n = 185). Genotyping and DNA methylation were obtained on epi/genome-wide beadchips. RESULTS In gene by environment analyses, two KL variants (rs9315202 and rs9563121) interacted with PTSD severity (peak corrected p = 0.044) and sleep disturbance (peak corrected p = 0.034) to predict advanced epigenetic age. KL variant, rs398655, interacted with self-reported pain in association with slowed epigenetic age (corrected p = 0.048). A well-studied protective variant, rs9527025, was associated with slowed epigenetic age (p = 0.046). The peak PTSD interaction term (with rs9315202) also predicted C-reactive protein (p = 0.049), and white matter microstructural integrity in two tracts (corrected ps = 0.005 - 0.035). This SNP evidenced a main effect with an index of metabolic syndrome severity (p = 0.015). Effects were generally accentuated in older subjects. CONCLUSIONS Rs9315202 predicted multiple biomarkers of cellular aging such that psychiatric stress was more strongly associated with cellular aging in those with the minor allele. KL genotype may contribute to a synchronized pathological aging response to stress and could be a therapeutic target to alter the pace of cellular aging.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nakanishi K, Nishida M, Taneike M, Yamamoto R, Adachi H, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Implication of alpha-Klotho as the predictive factor of stress. J Investig Med 2019; 67:1082-1086. [PMID: 31324693 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Stress is known as a risk factor for both mental and physical health problems. While stress is known as one of the major health problems in modern society, a biomarker of stress has not yet been well established. In the present study, we focused on the serum levels of α-Klotho (αKl) as a possible objective biomarker of stress. Subjects included apparently healthy individuals who underwent a health examination in the Osaka University Health and Counseling Center. Physical and biochemical parameters were obtained from all subjects. Information regarding the lifestyle of each individual was obtained via questionnaires. Among male subjects, serum levels of soluble αKl (sαKl) were significantly elevated in subjects who had poor stress management and unsatisfactory sleep, suggesting that stress management and sleeping conditions influenced the serum levels of sαKl. The total Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) score was significantly increased in subjects who reported experiencing considerable stress, had poor stress management and unsatisfactory sleep. Since serum levels of sαKl showed the same tendency as the K6 score in terms of the relationship between stress management and sleeping conditions in male subjects, increased sαKl levels could be associated with considerable psychological stress in healthy men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Nakanishi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Adachi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lindqvist D. Klotho gene variant moderates the relationship between stress and epigenetic aging. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:22-23. [PMID: 31100370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vo HT, Phillips ML, Herskowitz JH, King GD. Klotho deficiency affects the spine morphology and network synchronization of neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:1-11. [PMID: 30991103 PMCID: PMC6613977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho-deficient mice rapidly develop cognitive impairment and show some evidence of the onset of neurodegeneration. However, it is impossible to investigate the long-term consequences on the brain because of the dramatic shortening of lifespan caused by systemic klotho deficiency. As klotho expression is downregulated with advancing organismal age, understanding the mechanisms of klotho action is important for developing novel strategies to support healthy brain aging. Previously, we reported that klotho-deficient mice show enhanced long-term potentiation prior to the onset of cognitive impairment. To inform this unusual phenotype, herein, we examined neuronal structure and in vitro synaptic function. Our results indicate that klotho deficiency causes the population of dendritic spines to shift towards increased head diameter and decreased length consistent with mature, mushroom type spines. Multi-electrode array recordings from klotho-deficient neurons show increased synchronous firing and activity changes reflective of increased neuronal network activity. Supplementation of the neuronal growth media with recombinant shed klotho corrected some but not all of the activity changes caused by klotho deficiency. Last, in vivo we found that klotho-deficient mice have a decreased latency to induced seizure activity. Together these data show that klotho-deficient memory impairments are underpinned by structural and functional changes that may preclude ongoing normal cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai T Vo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy H Herskowitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 1114, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd. Shelby 913, Birmingham 35294, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shardell M, Semba RD, Kalyani RR, Bandinelli S, Prather AA, Chia CW, Ferrucci L. Plasma Klotho and Frailty in Older Adults: Findings From the InCHIANTI Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1052-1057. [PMID: 29053774 PMCID: PMC6580690 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hormone klotho, encoded by the gene klotho, is primarily expressed in the kidney and choroid plexus of the brain. Higher klotho concentrations have been linked to better physical performance; however, it is unknown whether klotho relates to frailty status in older adults. METHODS Plasma klotho was measured in 774 participants aged ≥65 years enrolled in InCHIANTI, a prospective cohort study comprising Italian adults. Frailty status was assessed at 3 and 6 years after enrollment. Frailty was defined as presence of at least three out of five criteria of unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, sedentariness, muscle weakness, and slow walking speed; prefrailty was defined as presence of one or two criteria; and robustness was defined as zero criteria. We assessed whether plasma klotho concentrations measured at the 3-year visit related to frailty. RESULTS Each additional natural logarithm of klotho (pg/mL) was associated with lower odds of frailty versus robustness after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio [OR] 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.98; p-value = .045). Higher klotho was particularly associated with lower odds of exhaustion (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36, 0.89; p-value = .014). Participants with higher klotho also had lower estimated odds of weight loss and weakness, but these findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma klotho concentrations were associated with lower likelihoods of frailty and particularly exhaustion. Future studies should investigate modifiable mechanisms through which klotho may affect the frailty syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Shardell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Chee W Chia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cumulative lifetime stress exposure and leukocyte telomere length attrition: The unique role of stressor duration and exposure timing. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:210-218. [PMID: 30884304 PMCID: PMC6518420 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exposure occurring across the lifespan increases risk for disease, potentially involving telomere length shortening. Stress exposure during childhood and adulthood has been cross-sectionally linked with shorter telomere length. However, few longitudinal studies have examined telomere length attrition over time, and none have investigated how stressor duration (acute life events vs. chronic difficulties), timing (childhood vs. adulthood), and perceived severity may be uniquely related to telomere length shortening. METHODS To address these issues, we administered a standardized instrument for assessing cumulative lifetime stress exposure (Stress and Adversity Inventory; STRAIN) to 175 mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder or neurotypical children and measured their leukocyte telomere length (LTL) at baseline and 2 years later. RESULTS Greater count of lifetime stressors was associated with shorter LTL at baseline and greater LTL attrition over time. When separating lifetime stressors into acute life events and chronic difficulties, only greater count of chronic difficulties significantly predicted shorter baseline LTL and greater LTL attrition. Similarly, when examining timing of stressor exposure, only greater count of chronic childhood difficulties (age < 18) significantly predicted shorter baseline LTL and greater LTL attrition over the 2-year period in mid-life. Importantly, these results were robust while controlling for stressors occurring during the interim 2-year period. Post-hoc analyses suggested that chronic difficulties occurring during earlier childhood (0-12 years) were associated with greater LTL attrition. Cumulative stressor severity predicted LTL attrition in a parallel manner, but was less consistently associated with baseline LTL. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to examine the effects of different aspects of cumulative lifetime stress exposure on LTL attrition over time, suggesting that accumulated chronic difficulties during childhood may play a unique role in shaping telomere shortening in midlife.
Collapse
|
41
|
Peripheral levels of the anti-aging hormone Klotho in patients with depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:771-776. [PMID: 31055648 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a humoral factor with pleiotropic effects. Most notably, Klotho deficiency is associated with a phenotype comprising organ manifestations accompanying aging including atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment. Research on the role of Klotho in affective disorder is scarce, which is surprising in light of the fact that depression is associated with accelerated cellular aging as well as aging-related phenotypes and comorbidity observed in Klotho deficiency. Soluble α-Klotho (sKlotho) serum levels in patients with a major depressive episode and either undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (n = 16) or a monotherapy with an antidepressant (n = 37) were investigated. We measured the sKlotho serum levels in those patients before and after treatment and compared the baseline levels with those of age-matched healthy controls (n = 39). No group differences were found between the baseline sKlotho levels of patients and controls (573.5 pg/ml vs. 563.8 pg/ml; p = 0.80) and between pre- and post-treatment in the patients with depression (563.8 pg/ml vs. 561.8 pg/ml; p = 0.15), when treated either with electroconvulsive therapy or antidepressant. The major limitation of our study might be that peripheral material such as serum might not reliably reflect processes in the central nervous system. In sum, this first study on peripheral sKlotho levels in a clinical sample cannot confirm a global Klotho dysregulation in depression as it has been already suggested by others. Nonetheless, further preclinical and clinical studies on the involvement of Klotho in affective disorders should be carried out.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mason AE, Adler JM, Puterman E, Lakmazaheri A, Brucker M, Aschbacher K, Epel ES. Stress resilience: Narrative identity may buffer the longitudinal effects of chronic caregiving stress on mental health and telomere shortening. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 77:101-109. [PMID: 30579939 PMCID: PMC6399055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic caregiving stress may accelerate biological aging; however, the ability to integrate the meaning of caregiving through self-awareness, adaptation, and growth can buffer the negative effects of stress. Narrative researchers have shown that people who coherently integrate difficult experiences into their life story tend to have better mental health, but no prior study has examined the prospective association between narrative identity and biological indicators, such as telomere length. We tested whether narrative identity might be prospectively associated with resilience to long-term parenting stress, depressive symptoms, and protection from telomere shortening, especially among caregivers. METHODS We conducted a semi-structured interview about parenting and quantified narrative themes by applying well-validated, standardized coding systems with high inter-rater reliability among 88 mothers: 32 "caregivers" (mothers with a child diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder), and 56 "controls" (mothers with a neurotypical child). To assess longitudinal changes, we measured mental health (parenting stress [PS], depressive symptoms [DS]) and leukocyte telomere length [LTL], a biomarker of aging, at baseline and again 18 months later. We examined whether narrative identity themes were related to these outcomes and whether associations differed across caregivers versus controls. RESULTS Caregivers exhibited significantly higher basal levels of PS and DS relative to controls (all p's < .05), but no significant difference in LTL (p > .05). Caregivers rated higher in the narrative theme of integration showed healthier future 18-month trajectories in PS (B = -0.832, 99% CI: [-1.315, -0.155], p < .01) and LTL (B = 1.193, 99% CI: [0.526, 2.130], p < .01), but no differences in depressive symptoms (p > .05), adjusting for age and antidepressant use. Analyses examining affective themes in caregiver narratives did not demonstrate significant associations. Narrative themes did not predict outcomes in controls. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that narratives reflecting coherent integration, but not necessarily affect, prospectively relate to psychological and biological stress resilience. Maternal caregivers' ability to tell an integrated story of their parenting experiences forecasts lower parenting stress and telomere shortening over time. This study suggests the possibility that helping individuals better integrate the meaning of stressful experiences, but not necessarily to affectively redeem them, may constitute a potential novel target for intervention among chronically stressed populations such as caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco,Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia
| | | | | | - Kirstin Aschbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California San Francisco,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco,Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Prokhorova TA, Boksha IS, Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GS. [α-Klotho protein in neurodegenerative and mental diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:80-88. [PMID: 30778037 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911901180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to attract attention of psychiatrists and neurologists to a role of α-Klotho protein in biochemical mechanisms that counteract pathogenic processes of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and to possible therapeutic potential of the protein. Basing on the analysis of contemporary literature, the authors summarized the results of model experiments and a few clinical trials (in psychiatry and neurology) indicating the role of α-Klotho protein in the brain processes of neurogenesis, dendrite growth, myelination (oligodendroglia differentiation and activity), regulation of antioxidant system, and synthesis of glutamate neurotransmitter system components, regulation of the activity and synthesis of ion channel protein components and membrane transporters, synaptic plasticity. It is concluded that α-Klotho protein can be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with pathological brain aging, and/or in diseases associated with insufficient synthesis of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Behringer V, Stevens JMG, Deschner T, Sonnweber R, Hohmann G. Aging and sex affect soluble alpha klotho levels in bonobos and chimpanzees. Front Zool 2018; 15:35. [PMID: 30250491 PMCID: PMC6146871 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout life, physiological homeostasis is challenged and the capacity to cope with such challenges declines with increasing age. In many species, sex differences exist in life expectancy. Sex-specific differences have been related to extrinsic factors like mate competition and/or intrinsic proximate mechanisms such as hormonal changes. In humans, an intrinsic factor related to aging is soluble alpha klotho (α-Kl). Both sexes show an age-related decline in α-Kl, but throughout life women have higher levels than men of the same age. Sex differences in α-Kl have been linked to a shorter lifespan, as well as to specific morbidity factors such as atherosclerosis and arteries calcifications. In non-human animals, information on α-Kl levels is rare and restricted to experimental work. Our cross-sectional study is the first on α-Kl levels in two long-lived species: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). As in most mammals, female bonobos and chimpanzees have longer life expectancy than males. METHODS We measured serum α-Kl levels of 140 subjects from 16 zoos with an ELISA to examine if α-Kl levels reflect this difference in life expectancy. RESULTS In both species and in both sexes, α-Kl levels declined with age suggesting that this marker has potential for aging studies beyond humans. We also found species-specific differences. Adult female bonobos had higher α-Kl levels than males, a difference that corresponds to the pattern found in humans. In chimpanzees, we found the opposite: males had higher α-Kl levels than females. CONCLUSION We suggest that contrasting sex differences in adult α-Kl levels mirror the dominance relations between females and males of the two Pan species; and that this might be related to corresponding sex differences in their exposure to stress. In humans, higher cortisol levels were found to be related to lower α-Kl levels. We conclude that there is great potential for studying aging processes in hominoids, and perhaps also in other non-human primates, by measuring α-Kl levels. To better understand the causes for sex differences in this aging marker, consideration of behavioural parameters such as competition and stress exposure will be required as well as other physiological markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. M. G. Stevens
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, K. Astridplein 26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
- Behavioral Ecology and Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - T. Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - R. Sonnweber
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G. Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stress, Inflammation, and Aging: An Association Beyond Chance. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 26:964-965. [PMID: 30064870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Brain expression of klotho was first described with the initial discovery of the klotho gene. The prominent age-regulating effects of klotho are attributed to regulation of ion homeostasis through klotho function in the kidney. However, recent advances identified brain functions and cell populations, including adult hippocampal neural progenitors, which require klotho. As well, both human correlational studies and mouse models of disease show that klotho is protective against multiple neurological and psychological disorders. This review focuses on current knowledge as to how the klotho protein effects the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai T Vo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ann M Laszczyk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Razzoli M, Nyuyki-Dufe K, Gurney A, Erickson C, McCallum J, Spielman N, Marzullo M, Patricelli J, Kurata M, Pope EA, Touma C, Palme R, Largaespada DA, Allison DB, Bartolomucci A. Social stress shortens lifespan in mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12778. [PMID: 29806171 PMCID: PMC6052478 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and low socioeconomic status in humans confer increased vulnerability to morbidity and mortality. However, this association is not mechanistically understood nor has its causation been explored in animal models thus far. Recently, cellular senescence has been suggested as a potential mechanism linking lifelong stress to age‐related diseases and shorter life expectancy in humans. Here, we established a causal role for lifelong social stress on shortening lifespan and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in mice. Specifically, we developed a lifelong chronic psychosocial stress model in which male mouse aggressive behavior is used to study the impact of negative social confrontations on healthspan and lifespan. C57BL/6J mice identified through unbiased cluster analysis for receiving high while exhibiting low aggression, or identified as subordinate based on an ethologic criterion, had lower median and maximal lifespan, and developed earlier onset of several organ pathologies in the presence of a cellular senescence signature. Critically, subordinate mice developed spontaneous early‐stage atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic sinuses characterized by significant immune cells infiltration and sporadic rupture and calcification, none of which was found in dominant subjects. In conclusion, we present here the first rodent model to study and mechanistically dissect the impact of chronic stress on lifespan and disease of aging. These data highlight a conserved role for social stress and low social status on shortening lifespan and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in mammals and identify a potential mechanistic link for this complex phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Kewir Nyuyki-Dufe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Allison Gurney
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Connor Erickson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Jacob McCallum
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Nicholas Spielman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Marta Marzullo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Jessica Patricelli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Pediatric and Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Emily A. Pope
- Department of Pediatric and Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatric and Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - David B. Allison
- School of Public Health; Indiana University - Bloomington; Bloomington Indiana
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wojcicki JM, Prather AA, Epel E, Wang D, Dubal DB. Cord blood klotho levels are inversely associated with leptin in healthy Latino neonates at risk for obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:515-520. [PMID: 29648999 PMCID: PMC6770989 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho serum levels reflect nutritional state in adults including obesity and anorexia. The relationship between cord blood klotho levels at birth and parameters of growth including anthropometrics are not known. METHODS We evaluated the relationship between cord blood klotho, leptin and adipocyte hormones and infant, child and maternal anthropometrics and maternal depression in a cohort of 73 children. Non-parametric tests were used to assess differences between dichotomous and categorical predictors and klotho levels and Spearman's rank coefficients were used to assess the relationship between klotho levels and continuous predictors. A multivariable log transformed linear regression model was used to test for independent predictors of serum klotho levels. RESULTS Mean klotho levels were 2864.9±1409.7 (pg/mL) in cord blood and we found no relationship with infant sex, delivery specifics including gestational age or anthropometrics at birth. There was similarly no association between klotho levels at birth and future obesity at age 2. Leptin levels at birth were inversely associated with klotho levels in multivariable models after adjusting for other covariates (p<0.01). Similarly, in multivariable models insulin levels were inversely correlated with klotho levels (p=0.03). Leptin levels in our cohort of at-risk infants were more than 50% higher than other studies with neonates. CONCLUSIONS We found no associations between weight or length at birth or obesity in early childhood and cord blood klotho levels. Cord blood klotho levels were inversely correlated with leptin and insulin levels at birth and should be further investigated to better understand the inter-relationship between this hormone and key regulators of growth and adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 15th Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94134-0136, USA
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hoyer C, Sartorius A, Aksay SS, Bumb JM, Janke C, Thiel M, Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M, Kranaster L. Electroconvulsive therapy enhances the anti-ageing hormone Klotho in the cerebrospinal fluid of geriatric patients with major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:428-435. [PMID: 29274997 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a humoral factor with pleiotropic effects. Most notably, Klotho deficiency is associated with a phenotype comprising organ manifestations accompanying aging including atherosclerosis and cognitive impairment. Research on the role of Klotho in affective disorder is scarce, which is surprising in light of the fact that depression is associated with accelerated cellular aging as well as aging-related phenotypes and comorbidity observed in Klotho deficiency. On these grounds we investigated Klotho levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of eight geriatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe depression. We hypothesize that ECT as a highly effective antidepressant treatment leads enhances Klotho levels. We found a significant difference between pre- and post-ECT CSF Klotho (792.5pg/ml vs. 991.3pg/ml, p=0.0020), but no difference in serum Klotho (602.5 vs. 594.3, p=0.32). Moreover, CSF Klotho increase positively correlated with the number of single ECT sessions that were performed in each patient (F1, 6)=7.84, p=0.031). Conjointly, the results of our exploratory study with a small sample size suggest a central nervous system-specific impact of ECT on Klotho, which may in turn partake in mediating the antidepressant effect of ECT. We suggest the modulation of neuroinflammatory processes, which have been ascribed pathophysiological relevance within the conceptual framework of the neuroinflammation hypothesis of depression, through ECT as a potential mechanism by which Klotho is enhanced in response to treatment. Further preclinical and clinical investigation should aim for a precise identification of the role of Klotho in depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hoyer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Suna Su Aksay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Malte Bumb
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Janke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Kranaster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Systemic klotho is associated with KLOTHO variation and predicts intrinsic cortical connectivity in healthy human aging. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:391-400. [PMID: 27714549 PMCID: PMC5382127 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a major biomedical challenge as the global population ages. Elevated levels of the longevity factor klotho suppress aging, enhance cognition, and promote synaptic plasticity and neural resilience against aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathogenic proteins. Here, we examined the relationship between human genetic variants of KLOTHO and systemic klotho levels – and assessed neuroanatomic correlates of serum klotho in a cohort of healthy older adults. Serum klotho levels were increased with KL-VS heterozygosity, as anticipated. We report, for the first time, that serum klotho levels were paradoxically decreased with KL-VS homozygosity. Further, we found that higher serum klotho levels were associated with measures of greater intrinsic connectivity in key functional networks of the brain vulnerable to aging and AD such as the fronto-parietal and default mode networks. Our findings suggest that elevated klotho promotes a resilient brain, possibly through increased network connectivity of critical brain regions.
Collapse
|