1
|
Seitz-Holland J, Alemán-Gómez Y, Cho KIK, Pasternak O, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Baumann PS, Klauser P, Conus P, Hagmann P, Do KQ, Kubicki M, Dwir D. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity, hippocampal extracellular free water, and cognitive deficits are associated with each other in early phase psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1140-1150. [PMID: 38431757 PMCID: PMC11109110 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points toward the role of the extracellular matrix, specifically matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), in the pathophysiology of psychosis. MMP-9 is a critical regulator of the crosstalk between peripheral and central inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, hippocampal development, synaptic pruning, and neuroplasticity. Here, we aim to characterize the relationship between plasma MMP-9 activity, hippocampal microstructure, and cognition in healthy individuals and individuals with early phase psychosis. We collected clinical, blood, and structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 39 individuals with early phase psychosis and 44 age and sex-matched healthy individuals. We measured MMP-9 plasma activity, hippocampal extracellular free water (FW) levels, and hippocampal volumes. We used regression analyses to compare MMP-9 activity, hippocampal FW, and volumes between groups. We then examined associations between MMP-9 activity, FW levels, hippocampal volumes, and cognitive performance assessed with the MATRICS battery. All analyses were controlled for age, sex, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and years of education. Individuals with early phase psychosis demonstrated higher MMP-9 activity (p < 0.0002), higher left (p < 0.05) and right (p < 0.05) hippocampal FW levels, and lower left (p < 0.05) and right (p < 0.05) hippocampal volume than healthy individuals. MMP-9 activity correlated positively with hippocampal FW levels (all participants and individuals with early phase psychosis) and negatively with hippocampal volumes (all participants and healthy individuals). Higher MMP-9 activity and higher hippocampal FW levels were associated with slower processing speed and worse working memory performance in all participants. Our findings show an association between MMP-9 activity and hippocampal microstructural alterations in psychosis and an association between MMP-9 activity and cognitive performance. Further, more extensive longitudinal studies should examine the therapeutic potential of MMP-9 modulators in psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Webster MJ. The choroid plexus: A biomarker for schizophrenia? Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:366-367. [PMID: 38460805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maree J Webster
- The Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aburto MR, Cryan JF. Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:222-247. [PMID: 38355758 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the mechanisms through which the microbiota influences development and function of the gut-brain axis remain largely unknown. Barriers present in the gut and brain are specialized cellular interfaces that maintain strict homeostasis of different compartments across this axis. These barriers include the gut epithelial barrier, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Barriers are ideally positioned to receive and communicate gut microbial signals constituting a gateway for gut-microbiota-brain communication. In this Review, we focus on how modulation of these barriers by the gut microbiota can constitute an important channel of communication across the gut-brain axis. Moreover, barrier malfunction upon alterations in gut microbial composition could form the basis of various conditions, including often comorbid neurological and gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we should focus on unravelling the molecular and cellular basis of this communication and move from simplistic framing as 'leaky gut'. A mechanistic understanding of gut microbiota modulation of barriers, especially during critical windows of development, could be key to understanding the aetiology of gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bannai D, Reuter M, Hegde R, Hoang D, Adhan I, Gandu S, Pong S, Raymond N, Zeng V, Chung Y, He G, Sun D, van Erp TGM, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead K, Cornblatt B, Mathalon DH, McGlashan T, Jeffries C, Stone W, Tsuang M, Walker E, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Perkins D, Keshavan M, Lizano P. Linking enlarged choroid plexus with plasma analyte and structural phenotypes in clinical high risk for psychosis: A multisite neuroimaging study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:70-79. [PMID: 38169244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement exists in first-episode and chronic psychosis, but whether enlargement occurs before psychosis onset is unknown. This study investigated whether ChP volume is enlarged in individuals with clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis and whether these changes are related to clinical, neuroanatomical, and plasma analytes. METHODS Clinical and neuroimaging data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2 (NAPLS2) was used for analysis. 509 participants (169 controls, 340 CHR) were recruited. Conversion status was determined after 2-years of follow-up, with 36 psychosis converters. The lateral ventricle ChP was manually segmented from baseline scans. A subsample of 31 controls and 53 CHR had plasma analyte and neuroimaging data. RESULTS Compared to controls, CHR (d = 0.23, p = 0.017) and non-converters (d = 0.22, p = 0.03) demonstrated higher ChP volumes, but not in converters. In CHR, greater ChP volume correlated with lower cortical (r = -0.22, p < 0.001), subcortical gray matter (r = -0.21, p < 0.001), and total white matter volume (r = -0.28,p < 0.001), as well as larger lateral ventricle volume (r = 0.63,p < 0.001). Greater ChP volume correlated with makers functionally associated with the lateral ventricle ChP in CHR [CCL1 (r = -0.30, p = 0.035), ICAM1 (r = 0.33, p = 0.02)], converters [IL1β (r = 0.66, p = 0.004)], and non-converters [BMP6 (r = -0.96, p < 0.001), CALB1 (r = -0.98, p < 0.001), ICAM1 (r = 0.80, p = 0.003), SELE (r = 0.59, p = 0.026), SHBG (r = 0.99, p < 0.001), TNFRSF10C (r = 0.78, p = 0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS CHR and non-converters demonstrated significantly larger ChP volumes compared to controls. Enlarged ChP was associated with neuroanatomical alterations and analyte markers functionally associated with the ChP. These findings suggest that the ChP may be a key an important biomarker in CHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Bannai
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachal Hegde
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dung Hoang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iniya Adhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Swetha Gandu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sovannarath Pong
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nick Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George He
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkins Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Clark Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Walker
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana Perkins
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeng J, Zhang T, Tang B, Li S, Yao L, Bishop JR, Sweeney JA, Li Z, Qiu C, Gu S, Gong Q, Zhang W, Lui S. Choroid plexus volume enlargement in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38167423 PMCID: PMC10851692 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of the choroid plexus in schizophrenia has seen growing interest due to its role in the interaction between neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction. Most previous studies included treated and long-term ill patients, while antipsychotics and illness course might both affect the choroid plexus. Here, we recruited first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients, performed high-resolution structural brain scan and manually extracted choroid plexus volume. Choroid plexus volume was compared between patients and healthy controls after controlling for age, sex and intracranial volume. Age and sex effects were examined on choroid plexus volume in patient and healthy control groups respectively. In patients, we also examined the correlation of choroid plexus volume with volume measures of cortical and subcortical gray matter, white matter, lateral ventricular as well as symptom severity and cognitive function. Schizophrenia patients showed significantly enlarged choroid plexus volume compared with healthy controls. Choroid plexus volume was positively correlated with age in only patient group and we found significantly larger choroid plexus volumes in males than females in both patient and healthy control groups, while the sex effects did not differ between groups. Choroid plexus volume was only found correlated with lateral ventricular volume among the brain volume measures. No significant correlation between choroid plexus volume and clinical ratings or cognitive performance was observed. Without potential confounding effects of pharmacotherapy or illness course, our findings indicated the enlargement of choroid plexus in schizophrenia might be an enduring trait for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zeng
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Gu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu YW, Fan JW, Zhào H, Zhao SW, Liu XF, Yu R, Ren L, Wang X, Yin H, Cui LB. Imaging Transcriptomics of the Brain for Schizophrenia. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:9-14. [PMID: 38799487 PMCID: PMC11114239 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a neurodevelopmental origin. Although schizophrenia results from changes in the brain, the underlying biological mechanisms are unknown. Transcriptomics studies quantitative expression changes or qualitative changes of all genes and isoforms, providing a more meaningful biological insight. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques play roles in revealing brain structure and function. We give a narrative focused review on the current transcriptome combined with MRI studies related to schizophrenia and summarize the research methodology and content of these studies to identify the research commonalities as well as the implications for future research, in an attempt to provide new insights into the mechanism, clinical diagnosis, and treatments of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Gu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hóngyi Zhào
- Department of Neurology, NO. 984 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Wan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Xi’an, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kiely C, Douglas KAA, Douglas VP, Miller JB, Lizano P. Overlap between ophthalmology and psychiatry - A narrative review focused on congenital and inherited conditions. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115629. [PMID: 38029629 PMCID: PMC10842794 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of congenital and inherited diseases present with both ocular and psychiatric features. The genetic inheritance and phenotypic variants play a key role in disease severity. Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of those disorders is critical to earlier intervention and improved prognosis. Typically, the associations between these two medical subspecialties of ophthalmology and psychiatry are poorly understood by most practitioners so we hope to provide a narrative review to improve the identification and management of these disorders. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature detailing the diseases with ophthalmic and psychiatric overlap that were more widely represented in the literature. Herein, we describe the clinical features, pathophysiology, molecular biology, diagnostic tests, and the most recent approaches for the treatment of these diseases. Recent studies have combined technologies for ocular and brain imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional imaging with genetic testing to identify the genetic basis for eye-brain connections. Additional work is needed to further explore these potential biomarkers. Overall, accurate, efficient, widely distributed and non-invasive tests that can help with early recognition of these diseases will improve the management of these patients using a multidisciplinary approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Kiely
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, 612, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Konstantinos A A Douglas
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, 612, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - John B Miller
- Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States; Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, 612, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Suzzi S, Kenigsbuch M, Satomi A, Strobelt R, Singer O, Feldmesser E, Purnapatre M, Colaiuta SP, David E, Cahalon L, Hahn O, Wyss-Coray T, Shaul Y, Amit I, Schwartz M. Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase at the choroid plexus contributes to brain immune homeostasis. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101278. [PMID: 37944529 PMCID: PMC10694665 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) plays a key role in remotely controlling brain function in health, aging, and disease. Here, we report that CP epithelial cells express the brain-specific cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) and that its levels are decreased under different mouse and human brain conditions, including amyloidosis, aging, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using primary mouse CP cell cultures, we demonstrate that the enzymatic product of CYP46A1, 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, downregulates inflammatory transcriptomic signatures within the CP, found here to be elevated across multiple neurological conditions. In vitro, the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) downregulates CYP46A1 expression, while overexpression of CYP46A1 or its pharmacological activation in mouse CP organ cultures increases resilience to TNF-α. In vivo, overexpression of CYP46A1 in the CP in transgenic mice with amyloidosis is associated with better cognitive performance and decreased brain inflammation. Our findings suggest that CYP46A1 expression in the CP impacts the role of this niche as a guardian of brain immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Suzzi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Mor Kenigsbuch
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Akisawa Satomi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Romano Strobelt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Singer
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liora Cahalon
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yosef Shaul
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shangguan F, Chen Z, Lv Y, Zhang XY. Interaction between high interleukin-2 and high cortisol levels is associated with psychopathology in patients with chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:255-263. [PMID: 37541091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cortisol and interleukins appear at abnormal levels in schizophrenia. Our previous study has shown that cortisol and interleukins are associated with psychopathology and response to antipsychotic medications in a relatively small sample size of patients with schizophrenia. The current study was designed to investigate how cortisol, interleukins (ILs) and their interactions would correlate with clinical presentation in a relatively large sample size of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We compared serum cortisol, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in 162 medicated schizophrenia patients (including 27 patients in remission) and 62 healthy controls. Serum levels of cortisol and interleukins were measured by radioimmunoassay and quantitative ELISA, respectively. Clinical symptoms were assessed according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of cortisol and IL-2 compared to controls. Patients in remission had higher levels of IL-6 than non-remitting patients. PANSS positive symptoms, general psychopathology, cortisol and IL-2 were the most central nodes in the cortisol-IL-symptom network. The interaction between cortisol and IL-2 was associated with PANSS positive symptoms, general psychopathology and depressive factor. For patients with cortisol level above the median, IL-2 was negatively associated with PANSS positive symptoms and general psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the interaction between cytokines and cortisol may be associated with the pathophysiology of some symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. In particular, the interaction between cortisol and IL-2 is associated with the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu H, Lotfy P, Gelb S, Pragana A, Hehnly C, Shipley FB, Zawadzki ME, Cui J, Deng L, Taylor M, Webb M, Lidov HGW, Andermann ML, Chiu IM, Ordovas-Montanes J, Lehtinen MK. A collaboration between immune cells and the choroid plexus epithelium in brain inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552298. [PMID: 37609192 PMCID: PMC10441321 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a vital brain barrier and source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we use chronic two-photon imaging in awake mice and single-cell transcriptomics to demonstrate that in addition to these roles, the ChP is a complex immune organ that regulates brain inflammation. In a mouse meningitis model, neutrophils and monocytes accumulated in ChP stroma and surged across the epithelial barrier into the CSF. Bi-directional recruitment of monocytes from the periphery and, unexpectedly, macrophages from the CSF to the ChP helped eliminate neutrophils and repair the barrier. Transcriptomic analyses detailed the molecular steps accompanying this process, including the discovery of epithelial cells that transiently specialized to nurture immune cells, coordinate their recruitment, survival, and differentiation, and ultimately, control the opening/closing of the ChP brain barrier. Collectively, we provide a new conceptual understanding and comprehensive roadmap of neuroinflammation at the ChP brain barrier.
Collapse
|
12
|
Serpa M, Doshi J, Joaquim HPG, Vieira ELM, Erus G, Chaim-Avancini TM, Cavallet M, Guglielmi LG, Sallet PC, Talib L, Teixeira AL, van de Bilt MT, McGuire P, Gattaz WF, Davatzikos C, Busatto GF, Zanetti MV. Inflammatory cytokines and white matter microstructure in the acute phase of first-episode psychosis: A longitudinal study. Schizophr Res 2023; 257:5-18. [PMID: 37230043 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia-related psychosis is associated with abnormalities in white matter (WM) microstructure and structural brain dysconnectivity. However, the pathological process underlying such changes is unknown. We sought to investigate the potential association between peripheral cytokine levels and WM microstructure during the acute phase of first-episode psychosis (FEP) in a cohort of drug-naïve patients. METHODS Twenty-five non-affective FEP patients and 69 healthy controls underwent MRI scanning and blood collection at study entry. After achieving clinical remission, 21 FEP were reassessed; 38 age and biological sex-matched controls also had a second assessment. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) of selected WM regions-of-interest (ROIs) and plasma levels of four cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). RESULTS At baseline (acute psychosis), the FEP group showed reduced FA relative to controls in half the examined ROIs. Within the FEP group, IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with FA values. Longitudinally, patients showed increments of FA in several ROIs affected at baseline, and such changes were associated with reductions in IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS A state-dependent process involving an interplay between a pro-inflammatory cytokine and brain WM might be associated with the clinical manifestation of FEP. This association suggests a deleterious effect of IL-6 on WM tracts during the acute phase of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jimit Doshi
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helena P G Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erica L M Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guray Erus
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mikael Cavallet
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Guilherme Guglielmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Instituto do Coracao (INCOR), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Sallet
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leda Talib
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martinus T van de Bilt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wagner F Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM21), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Senay O, Seethaler M, Makris N, Yeterian E, Rushmore J, Cho KIK, Rizzoni E, Heller C, Pasternak O, Szczepankiewicz F, Westin C, Losak J, Ustohal L, Tomandl J, Vojtisek L, Kudlicka P, Kikinis Z, Holt D, Lewandowski KE, Lizano P, Keshavan MS, Öngür D, Kasparek T, Breier A, Shenton ME, Seitz‐Holland J, Kubicki M. A preliminary choroid plexus volumetric study in individuals with psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2465-2478. [PMID: 36744628 PMCID: PMC10028672 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is part of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, regulating brain homeostasis and the brain's response to peripheral events. Its upregulation and enlargement are considered essential in psychosis. However, the timing of the ChP enlargement has not been established. This study introduces a novel magnetic resonance imaging-based segmentation method to examine ChP volumes in two cohorts of individuals with psychosis. The first sample consists of 41 individuals with early course psychosis (mean duration of illness = 1.78 years) and 30 healthy individuals. The second sample consists of 30 individuals with chronic psychosis (mean duration of illness = 7.96 years) and 34 healthy individuals. We utilized manual segmentation to measure ChP volumes. We applied ANCOVAs to compare normalized ChP volumes between groups and partial correlations to investigate the relationship between ChP, LV volumes, and clinical characteristics. Our segmentation demonstrated good reliability (.87). We further showed a significant ChP volume increase in early psychosis (left: p < .00010, right: p < .00010) and a significant positive correlation between higher ChP and higher LV volumes in chronic psychosis (left: r = .54, p = .0030, right: r = .68; p < .0010). Our study suggests that ChP enlargement may be a marker of acute response around disease onset. It might also play a modulatory role in the chronic enlargement of lateral ventricles, often reported in psychosis. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the dynamics of ChP enlargement as a promising marker for novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Senay
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryIstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Magdalena Seethaler
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité MittePsychiatric University Hospital Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Edward Yeterian
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychologyColby CollegeWatervilleMaineUSA
| | - Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kang Ik K. Cho
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elizabeth Rizzoni
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carina Heller
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Clinical PsychologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaJenaGermany
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Filip Szczepankiewicz
- Department of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carl‐Frederik Westin
- Department of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jan Losak
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Libor Ustohal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lubomir Vojtisek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Peter Kudlicka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic; Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daphne Holt
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tomas Kasparek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk University and University Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of PsychiatryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Johanna Seitz‐Holland
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Associations between brain gene expression perturbations implicated by COVID-19 and psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:79-87. [PMID: 37105022 PMCID: PMC10043811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Currently, there is increasing evidence from clinic, epidemiology, as well as neuroimaging, demonstrating neuropsychiatric abnormalities in COVID-19, however, whether there were associations between brain changes caused by COVID-19 and genetic susceptibility of psychiatric disorders was still unknown. Methods In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate these associations by combing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of brain tissues of COVID-19 and genome-wide association study summary statistics of psychiatric disorders. Results The analysis demonstrated that among ten psychiatric disorders, gene expression perturbations implicated by COVID-19 in excitatory neurons of choroid plexus were significantly associated with schizophrenia. Conclusions Our analysis might provide insights for the underlying mechanism of the psychiatric consequence of COVID-19.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitochondria play an essential role in the trajectory of adolescent neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood: evidence from a schizophrenia rat model. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1170-1181. [PMID: 36380234 PMCID: PMC10005953 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence implicate mitochondria in early brain development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is only circumstantial data for mitochondria involvement in late brain development occurring through adolescence, a critical period in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction has been repeatedly reported. Here we show a causal link between mitochondrial transplantation in adolescence and brain functioning in adulthood. We show that transplantation of allogenic healthy mitochondria into the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats was beneficial in a rat model of schizophrenia, while detrimental in healthy control rats. Specifically, disparate initial changes in mitochondrial function and inflammatory response were associated with opposite long-lasting changes in proteome, neurotransmitter turnover, neuronal sprouting and behavior in adulthood. A similar inverse shift in mitochondrial function was also observed in human lymphoblastoid cells deived from schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects due to the interference of the transplanted mitochondria with their intrinsic mitochondrial state. This study provides fundamental insights into the essential role of adolescent mitochondrial homeostasis in the development of normal functioning adult brain. In addition, it supports a therapeutic potential for mitochondria manipulation in adolescence in disorders with neurodevelopmental and bioenergetic deficits, such as schizophrenia, yet emphasizes the need to monitor individuals' state including their mitochondrial function and immune response, prior to intervention.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang HC, Du Y, Chen L, Yuan ZQ, Cheng Y. MicroRNA schizophrenia: Etiology, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105064. [PMID: 36707012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The three sets of symptoms associated with schizophrenia-positive, negative, and cognitive-are burdensome and have serious effects on public health, which affects up to 1% of the population. It is now commonly believed that in addition to the traditional dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, the etiology of schizophrenia also includes neuronal networks, such as glutamate, GABA, serotonin, BDNF, oxidative stress, inflammation and the immune system. Small noncoding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to light as possible participants in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in recent years by having an impact on these systems. These small RNAs regulate the stability and translation of hundreds of target transcripts, which has an impact on the entire gene network. There may be improved approaches to treat and diagnose schizophrenia if it is understood how these changes in miRNAs alter the critical related signaling pathways that drive the development and progression of the illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chang Zhang
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Webster MJ. Infections, Inflammation, and Psychiatric Illness: Review of Postmortem Evidence. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 61:35-48. [PMID: 35505055 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While there is an abundance of epidemiological evidence implicating infectious agents in the etiology of severe mental illnesses, postmortem studies have not yet detected an increased incidence of microbial nucleic acid or proteins in the brains of people with mental illness. Nevertheless, abnormally expressed immune and inflammatory markers have consistently been found in the postmortem brain of patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. Some of these abnormalities may be the result of an infection in utero or early in life that not only impacted the developing immune system but also the developing neurons of the brain. Some of the immune markers that are consistently found to be upregulated in schizophrenia implicate a possible viral infection and the blood brain barrier in the etiology and neuropathology of the disorder.
Collapse
|
18
|
Newhouse A, Kritzer MD, Eryilmaz H, Praschan N, Camprodon JA, Fricchione G, Chemali Z. Neurocircuitry Hypothesis and Clinical Experience in Treating Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry 2022; 63:619-627. [PMID: 36030055 PMCID: PMC9404079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection have been termed postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Many of these symptoms are neuropsychiatric, such as inattention, impaired memory, and executive dysfunction; these are often colloquially termed "brain fog". These symptoms are common and often persist long after the acute phase. The pattern of these deficits combined with laboratory, neuroimaging, electroencephalographic, and neuropsychological data suggest that these symptoms may be driven by direct and indirect damage to the frontal-subcortical neural networks. Here, we review this evidence, share our clinical experience at an academic medical center, and discuss potential treatment implications. While the exact etiology remains unknown, a neurocircuit-informed understanding of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can help guide pharmacology, neuromodulation, and physical and psychological therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Michael D Kritzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nathan Praschan
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zeina Chemali
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bitanihirwe BKY, Lizano P, Woo TUW. Deconstructing the functional neuroanatomy of the choroid plexus: an ontogenetic perspective for studying neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3573-3582. [PMID: 35618887 PMCID: PMC9133821 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a delicate and highly vascularized structure in the brain comprised of a dense network of fenestrated capillary loops that help in the synthesis, secretion and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This unique neuroanatomical structure is comprised of arachnoid villi stemming from frond-like surface projections-that protrude into the lumen of the four cerebral ventricles-providing a key source of nutrients to the brain parenchyma in addition to serving as a 'sink' for central nervous system metabolic waste. In fact, the functions of the CP are often described as being analogous to those of the liver and kidney. Beyond forming a barrier/interface between the blood and CSF compartments, the CP has been identified as a modulator of leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, cognition, circadian rhythm and the gut brain-axis. In recent years, advances in molecular biology techniques and neuroimaging along with the use of sophisticated animal models have played an integral role in shaping our understanding of how the CP-CSF system changes in relation to the maturation of neural circuits during critical periods of brain development. In this article we provide an ontogenetic perspective of the CP and review the experimental evidence implicating this structure in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron K Y Bitanihirwe
- Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsung-Ung W Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chaves Filho AJM, Mottin M, Lós DB, Andrade CH, Macedo DS. The tetrapartite synapse in neuropsychiatric disorders: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as promising targets for treatment and rational drug design. Biochimie 2022; 201:79-99. [PMID: 35931337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and an exacerbated immune response are widely accepted contributing mechanisms to the genesis and progression of major neuropsychiatric disorders. However, despite the impressive advances in understanding the neurobiology of these disorders, there is still no approved drug directly linked to the regulation of inflammation or brain immune responses. Importantly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a group of structurally related endopeptidases primarily involved in remodeling extracellular matrix (ECM). In the central nervous system (CNS), these proteases control synaptic plasticity and strength, patency of the blood-brain barrier, and glia-neuron interactions through cleaved and non-cleaved mediators. Several pieces of evidence have pointed to a complex scenario of MMPs dysregulation triggered by neuroinflammation. Furthermore, major psychiatric disorders' affective symptoms and neurocognitive abnormalities are related to MMPs-mediated ECM changes and neuroglia activation. In the past decade, research efforts have been directed to broad-spectrum MMPs inhibitors with frustrating clinical results. However, in the light of recent advances in combinatorial chemistry and drug design technologies, specific and CNS-oriented MMPs modulators have been proposed as a new frontier of therapy for regulating ECM properties in the CNS. Therefore, here we aim to discuss the state of the art of MMPs and ECM abnormalities in major neuropsychiatric disorders, namely depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, the possible neuro-immune interactions involved in this complex scenario of MMPs dysregulation and propose these endopeptidases as promising targets for rational drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Melina Mottin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design - LabMol, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kompaníková P, Bryja V. Regulation of choroid plexus development and its functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:304. [PMID: 35589983 PMCID: PMC9119385 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is an extensively vascularized tissue that protrudes into the brain ventricular system of all vertebrates. This highly specialized structure, consisting of the polarized epithelial sheet and underlying stroma, serves a spectrum of functions within the central nervous system (CNS), most notably the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The epithelial cells of the ChP have the competence to tightly modulate the biomolecule composition of CSF, which acts as a milieu functionally connecting ChP with other brain structures. This review aims to eloquently summarize the current knowledge about the development of ChP. We describe the mechanisms that control its early specification from roof plate followed by the formation of proliferative regions-cortical hem and rhombic lips-feeding later development of ChP. Next, we summarized the current knowledge on the maturation of ChP and mechanisms that control its morphological and cellular diversity. Furthermore, we attempted to review the currently available battery of molecular markers and mouse strains available for the research of ChP, and identified some technological shortcomings that must be overcome to accelerate the ChP research field. Overall, the central principle of this review is to highlight ChP as an intriguing and surprisingly poorly known structure that is vital for the development and function of the whole CNS. We believe that our summary will increase the interest in further studies of ChP that aim to describe the molecular and cellular principles guiding the development and function of this tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kompaníková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Park SW, Seo MK, Webster MJ, Lee JG, Kim S. Differential expression of gene co-expression networks related to the mTOR signaling pathway in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35508467 PMCID: PMC9067344 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness characterized by episodes of depression and mania. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, we performed transcriptome studies using RNA-seq data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with BPD and matched controls, as well as data from cell culture and animal model studies. We found 879 differentially expressed genes that were also replicated in an independent cohort of post-mortem samples. Genes involving the mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) pathway were down-regulated, while genes interrelated with the mTOR pathway such as Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway were up-regulated. Gene co-expression network analyses identified a module related to the mTOR pathway that was up-regulated in BPD and also enriched for markers of endothelial cells. We also found a down-regulated co-expression module enriched for genes involved in mTOR signalling and in mTOR related pathways and enriched with neuronal markers. The mTOR related modules were also replicated in the independent cohort of samples. To investigate whether the expression of the modules related to mTOR signalling pathway could be differentially regulated in different cell types we performed comparative network analyses in experimental models. We found both up-regulated modules in the PFC significantly overlapped with an up-regulated module in the brain endothelial cells from mice treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and mTOR related pathways such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt and ribosome were enriched in the common genes. In addition, the down-regulated module in the PFC significantly overlapped with a down-regulated module from neurons treated with the mTOR inhibitor, Torin1 and mTOR signalling, autophagy, and synaptic vesicle cycles were significantly enriched in the common genes. These results suggest that co-expression networks related to mTOR signalling pathways may be up- or down-regulated in different cell types in the PFC of BPD. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea ,grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- grid.411612.10000 0004 0470 5112Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Maree J. Webster
- grid.453353.70000 0004 0473 2858Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busnajin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroinflammation is one of the prevailing hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of mood and psychotic disorders. Neuroinflammation encompasses an ill-defined set of pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system that cause neuronal or glial atrophy or death and disruptions in neurotransmitter signaling, resulting in cognitive and behavioral changes. Positron emission tomography for the brain-based translocator protein has been shown to be a useful tool to measure glial activation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent neuroimaging studies also indicate a potential disruption in the choroid plexus and blood-brain barrier, which modulate the transfer of ions, molecules, toxins, and cells from the periphery into the brain. Simultaneously, peripheral inflammatory markers have consistently been shown to be altered in mood and psychotic disorders. The crosstalk (i.e., the communication between peripheral and central inflammatory pathways) is not well understood in these disorders, however, and neuroimaging studies hold promise to shed light on this complex process. In the current Perspectives article, we discuss the neuroimaging insights into neuroimmune crosstalk offered in selected works. Overall, evidence exists for peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system in some patients, but the reason for this is unknown. Future neuroimaging studies should aim to extend our knowledge of this system and the role it likely plays in symptom onset and recurrence.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cui J, Xu H, Lehtinen MK. Macrophages on the margin: choroid plexus immune responses. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:864-875. [PMID: 34312005 PMCID: PMC8551004 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP), an epithelial bilayer containing a network of mesenchymal, immune, and neuronal cells, forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). While best recognized for secreting CSF, the ChP is also a hotbed of immune cell activity and can provide circulating peripheral immune cells with passage into the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we review recent studies on ChP immune cells, with a focus on the ontogeny, development, and behaviors of ChP macrophages, the principal resident immune cells of the ChP. We highlight the implications of immune cells for ChP barrier function, CSF cytokines and volume regulation, and their contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders, with possible age-specific features to be elucidated in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reduced adult neurogenesis is associated with increased macrophages in the subependymal zone in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6880-6895. [PMID: 34059796 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the human subependymal zone (SEZ) generate neuronal progenitor cells that can differentiate and integrate as inhibitory interneurons into cortical and subcortical brain regions; yet the extent of adult neurogenesis remains unexplored in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We verified the existence of neurogenesis across the lifespan by chartering transcriptional alterations (2 days-103 years, n = 70) and identifying cells indicative of different stages of neurogenesis in the human SEZ. Expression of most neural stem and neuronal progenitor cell markers decreased during the first postnatal years and remained stable from childhood into ageing. We next discovered reduced neural stem and neuronal progenitor cell marker expression in the adult SEZ in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to controls (n = 29-32 per group). RNA sequencing identified increased expression of the macrophage marker CD163 as the most significant molecular change in schizophrenia. CD163+ macrophages, which were localised along blood vessels and in the parenchyma within 10 µm of neural stem and progenitor cells, had increased density in schizophrenia but not in bipolar disorder. Macrophage marker expression negatively correlated with neuronal progenitor marker expression in schizophrenia but not in controls or bipolar disorder. Reduced neurogenesis and increased macrophage marker expression were also associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia. Our results support that the human SEZ retains the capacity to generate neuronal progenitor cells throughout life, although this capacity is limited in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The increase in macrophages in schizophrenia but not in bipolar disorder indicates that immune cells may impair neurogenesis in the adult SEZ in a disease-specific manner.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Afridi R, Seol S, Kang HJ, Suk K. Brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders: Lessons from transcriptome studies for molecular targeting. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114532. [PMID: 33773976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders has been a challenging quest for neurobiologists. Recent years have witnessed enormous technological advances in the field of neuroimmunology, blurring boundaries between the central nervous system and the periphery. Consequently, the discipline has expanded to cover interactions between the nervous and immune systems in health and diseases. The complex interplay between the peripheral and central immune pathways in neuropsychiatric disorders has recently been documented in various studies, but the genetic determinants remain elusive. Recent transcriptome studies have identified dysregulated genes involved in peripheral immune cell activation, blood-brain barrier integrity, glial cell activation, and synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Herein, the key transcriptomic techniques applied in investigating differentially expressed genes and pathways responsible for altered brain-immune interactions in neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed. The application of transcriptomics that can aid in identifying molecular targets in various neuropsychiatric disorders is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shipley FB, Dani N, Xu H, Deister C, Cui J, Head JP, Sadegh C, Fame RM, Shannon ML, Flores VI, Kishkovich T, Jang E, Klein EM, Goldey GJ, He K, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Kirchhausen T, Wyart C, Moore CI, Andermann ML, Lehtinen MK. Tracking Calcium Dynamics and Immune Surveillance at the Choroid Plexus Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Interface. Neuron 2020; 108:623-639.e10. [PMID: 32961128 PMCID: PMC7847245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium is a source of secreted signaling factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a key barrier between blood and brain. Here, we develop imaging tools to interrogate these functions in adult lateral ventricle ChP in whole-mount explants and in awake mice. By imaging epithelial cells in intact ChP explants, we observed calcium activity and secretory events that increased in frequency following delivery of serotonergic agonists. Using chronic two-photon imaging in awake mice, we observed spontaneous subcellular calcium events as well as strong agonist-evoked calcium activation and cytoplasmic secretion into CSF. Three-dimensional imaging of motility and mobility of multiple types of ChP immune cells at baseline and following immune challenge or focal injury revealed a range of surveillance and defensive behaviors. Together, these tools should help illuminate the diverse functions of this understudied body-brain interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Neil Dani
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Deister
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Sadegh
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vanessa I Flores
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Kishkovich
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emily Jang
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Klein
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Glenn J Goldey
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kangmin He
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Christopher I Moore
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pong S, Karmacharya R, Sofman M, Bishop JR, Lizano P. The Role of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Complex Psychiatry 2020; 6:30-46. [PMID: 34883503 PMCID: PMC7673590 DOI: 10.1159/000511552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research, little clarity exists regarding pathogenic mechanisms related to schizophrenia. Investigations on the disease biology of schizophrenia have primarily focused on neuronal alterations. However, there is substantial evidence pointing to a significant role for the brain's microvasculature in mediating neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. SUMMARY Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) are a central element of the microvasculature that forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and shields the brain against toxins and immune cells via paracellular, transcellular, transporter, and extracellular matrix proteins. While evidence for BBB dysfunction exists in brain disorders, including schizophrenia, it is not known if BMEC themselves are functionally compromised and lead to BBB dysfunction. KEY MESSAGES Genome-wide association studies, postmortem investigations, and gene expression analyses have provided some insights into the role of the BBB in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the role that BMEC play in BBB dysfunction. Recent advances differentiating human BMEC from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provide new avenues to examine the role of BMEC in BBB dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sovannarath Pong
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianna Sofman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Francisco DMF, Marchetti L, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Frías-Anaya E, Figueiredo RM, Winter P, Romero IA, de Vries HE, Engelhardt B, Bruggmann R. Advancing brain barriers RNA sequencing: guidelines from experimental design to publication. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32811511 PMCID: PMC7433166 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in its varied forms has become an indispensable tool for analyzing differential gene expression and thus characterization of specific tissues. Aiming to understand the brain barriers genetic signature, RNA seq has also been introduced in brain barriers research. This has led to availability of both, bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq datasets over the last few years. If appropriately performed, the RNA-Seq studies provide powerful datasets that allow for significant deepening of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that establish the brain barriers. However, RNA-Seq studies comprise complex workflows that require to consider many options and variables before, during and after the proper sequencing process. MAIN BODY In the current manuscript, we build on the interdisciplinary experience of the European PhD Training Network BtRAIN ( https://www.btrain-2020.eu/ ) where bioinformaticians and brain barriers researchers collaborated to analyze and establish RNA-Seq datasets on vertebrate brain barriers. The obstacles BtRAIN has identified in this process have been integrated into the present manuscript. It provides guidelines along the entire workflow of brain barriers RNA-Seq studies starting from the overall experimental design to interpretation of results. Focusing on the vertebrate endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and epithelial blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus, we provide a step-by-step description of the workflow, highlighting the decisions to be made at each step of the workflow and explaining the strengths and weaknesses of individual choices made. Finally, we propose recommendations for accurate data interpretation and on the information to be included into a publication to ensure appropriate accessibility of the data and reproducibility of the observations by the scientific community. CONCLUSION Next generation transcriptomic profiling of the brain barriers provides a novel resource for understanding the development, function and pathology of these barrier cells, which is essential for understanding CNS homeostasis and disease. Continuous advancement and sophistication of RNA-Seq will require interdisciplinary approaches between brain barrier researchers and bioinformaticians as successfully performed in BtRAIN. The present guidelines are built on the BtRAIN interdisciplinary experience and aim to facilitate collaboration of brain barriers researchers with bioinformaticians to advance RNA-Seq study design in the brain barriers community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M F Francisco
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Frías-Anaya
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Ricardo M Figueiredo
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Ignacio Andres Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vatine GD, Barrile R, Workman MJ, Sances S, Barriga BK, Rahnama M, Barthakur S, Kasendra M, Lucchesi C, Kerns J, Wen N, Spivia WR, Chen Z, Van Eyk J, Svendsen CN. Human iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Chips Enable Disease Modeling and Personalized Medicine Applications. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:995-1005.e6. [PMID: 31173718 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the entry of solutes from blood into the brain and is disrupted in several neurological diseases. Using Organ-Chip technology, we created an entirely human BBB-Chip with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (iBMECs), astrocytes, and neurons. The iBMECs formed a tight monolayer that expressed markers specific to brain vasculature. The BBB-Chip exhibited physiologically relevant transendothelial electrical resistance and accurately predicted blood-to-brain permeability of pharmacologics. Upon perfusing the vascular lumen with whole blood, the microengineered capillary wall protected neural cells from plasma-induced toxicity. Patient-derived iPSCs from individuals with neurological diseases predicted disease-specific lack of transporters and disruption of barrier integrity. By combining Organ-Chip technology and human iPSC-derived tissue, we have created a neurovascular unit that recapitulates complex BBB functions, provides a platform for modeling inheritable neurological disorders, and advances drug screening, as well as personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gad D Vatine
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Michael J Workman
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Samuel Sances
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bianca K Barriga
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew Rahnama
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jordan Kerns
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Norman Wen
- Emulate, Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Weston R Spivia
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Solár P, Zamani A, Kubíčková L, Dubový P, Joukal M. Choroid plexus and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32375819 PMCID: PMC7201396 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance. The CP is an epithelio-endothelial convolute comprising a highly vascularized stroma with fenestrated capillaries and a continuous lining of epithelial cells joined by apical tight junctions (TJs) that are crucial in forming the B-CSF barrier. Integrity of the CP is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and B-CSF barrier permeability. Recent experimental and clinical research has uncovered the significance of the CP in the pathophysiology of various diseases affecting the CNS. The CP is involved in penetration of various pathogens into the CNS, as well as the development of neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer´s disease) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Moreover, the CP was shown to be important for restoring brain homeostasis following stroke and trauma. In addition, new diagnostic methods and treatment of CP papilloma and carcinoma have recently been developed. This review describes and summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the roles of the CP and B-CSF barrier in the pathophysiology of various types of CNS diseases and sets up the foundation for further avenues of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubíčková
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bitanihirwe BKY, Woo TUW. A conceptualized model linking matrix metalloproteinase-9 to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:28-35. [PMID: 32001079 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is an extracellularly operating zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is commonly expressed in the brain, other tissues. It is synthesized in a latent zymogen form known as pro-MMP-9 that is subsequently converted to the active MMP-9 enzyme following cleavage of the pro-domain. Within the central nervous system, MMP-9 is localized and released from neurons, astrocytes and microglia where its expression levels are modulated by cytokines and growth factors during both normal and pathological conditions as well as by reactive oxygen species generated during oxidative stress. MMP-9 is involved in a number of key neurodevelopmental processes that are thought to be affected in schizophrenia, including maturation of the inhibitory neurons that contain the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, developmental formation of the specialized extracellular matrix structure perineuronal net, synaptic pruning, and myelination. In this context, the present article provides a narrative synthesis of the existing evidence linking MMP-9 dysregulation to schizophrenia pathogenesis. We start by providing an overview of MMP-9 involvement in brain development and physiology. We then discuss the potential mechanisms through which MMP-9 dysregulation may affect neural circuitry maturation as well as how these anomalies may contribute to the disease process of schizophrenia. We conclude by articulating a comprehensive, cogent, and experimentally testable hypothesis linking MMP-9 to the developmental pathophysiologic cascade that triggers the onset and sustains the chronicity of the illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsung-Ung W Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou YF, Huang JC, Zhang P, Fan FM, Chen S, Fan HZ, Cui YM, Luo XG, Tan SP, Wang ZR, Feng W, Yuan Y, Yang FD, Savransky A, Ryan M, Goldwaser E, Chiappelli J, Rowland LM, Kochunov P, Tan YL, Hong LE. Choroid Plexus Enlargement and Allostatic Load in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:722-731. [PMID: 31603232 PMCID: PMC7147577 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although schizophrenia is a brain disorder, increasing evidence suggests that there may be body-wide involvement in this illness. However, direct evidence of brain structures involved in the presumed peripheral-central interaction in schizophrenia is still unclear. Seventy-nine previously treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients who were within 2-week antipsychotics initial stabilization, and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group differences in subcortical brain regional structures measured by MRI and the subclinical cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine biomarkers as indexed by allostatic load, and their associations were explored. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher allostatic load (P = .001). Lateral ventricle (P < .001), choroid plexus (P < .001), and thalamus volumes (P < .001) were significantly larger, whereas amygdala volume (P = .001) was significantly smaller in patients. The choroid plexus alone was significantly correlated with higher allostatic load after age, sex, education level, and the total intracranial volume were taken into account (t = 3.60, P < .001). Allostatic load was also significantly correlated with PANSS positive (r = 0.28, P = .016) and negative (r = -0.31, P = .008) symptoms, but in opposite directions. The peripheral multisystemic and central nervous system abnormalities in schizophrenia may interact through the choroid plexus during the early stage of the illness. The choroid plexus might provide a sensitive structural biomarker to study the treatment and prevention of brain-periphery interaction abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Chao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhen Fan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Min Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Guang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shu-Ping Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Fu-De Yang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anya Savransky
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Meghann Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yun-Long Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China; tel: +86-(10)-83024319, fax: +86-(10)-62710156, e-mail:
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vidal PM, Pacheco R. The Cross-Talk Between the Dopaminergic and the Immune System Involved in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:394. [PMID: 32296337 PMCID: PMC7137825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is one of the neurotransmitters whose transmission is altered in a number of neural pathways in the brain of schizophrenic patients. Current evidence indicates that these alterations involve hyperactive dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic areas, striatum, and hippocampus, whereas hypoactive dopaminergic transmission has been reported in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients. Consequently, schizophrenia is associated with several cognitive and behavioral alterations. Of note, the immune system has been found to collaborate with the central nervous system in a number of cognitive and behavioral functions, which are dysregulated in schizophrenia. Moreover, emerging evidence has associated schizophrenia and inflammation. Importantly, different lines of evidence have shown dopamine as a major regulator of inflammation. In this regard, dopamine might exert strong regulation in the activity, migration, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells that have been shown to contribute to cognitive functions, including T-cells, microglial cells, and peripheral monocytes. Thereby, alterations in dopamine levels associated to schizophrenia might affect inflammatory response of immune cells and consequently some behavioral functions, including reference memory, learning, social behavior, and stress resilience. Altogether these findings support the involvement of an active cross-talk between the dopaminergic and immune systems in the physiopathology of schizophrenia. In this review we summarize, integrate, and discuss the current evidence indicating the involvement of an altered dopaminergic regulation of immunity in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Department of Basic Science, Biomedical Science Research Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Ferreira Francisco DM, Vos R, van het Hof B, Rijnsburger M, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Beaino W, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Altered secretory and neuroprotective function of the choroid plexus in progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:35. [PMID: 32192527 PMCID: PMC7083003 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is a key regulator of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through its secretory, immunological and barrier properties. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CP plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. To get a comprehensive view on the role of the CP in MS, we studied transcriptomic alterations of the human CP in progressive MS and non-neurological disease controls using RNA sequencing. We identified 17 genes with significantly higher expression in progressive MS patients relative to that in controls. Among them is the newly described long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS3. Next to that, we uncovered disease-affected pathways related to hypoxia, secretion and neuroprotection, while only subtle immunological and no barrier alterations were observed. In an ex vivo CP explant model, a subset of the upregulated genes responded in a similar way to hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest a deregulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 pathway in progressive MS CP. Importantly, cerebrospinal fluid levels of the hypoxia-responsive secreted peptide PAI-1 were higher in MS patients with high disability relative to those with low disability. These findings provide for the first time a complete overview of the CP transcriptome in health and disease, and suggest that the CP environment becomes hypoxic in progressive MS patients, highlighting the altered secretory and neuroprotective properties of the CP under neuropathological conditions. Together, these findings provide novel insights to target the CP and promote the secretion of neuroprotective factors into the CNS of progressive MS patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen X, He Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Lan T, Wang H, Cheng K, Xie P. Different Serotypes of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector- and Lentivirus-Mediated Tropism in Choroid Plexus by Intracerebroventricular Delivery. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:440-447. [PMID: 32056463 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by viral vectors is an effective method for researchers to explore the function of gene products in a target tissue. The choroid plexus (CP) is an important target for gene therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder. However, viral tropism in CP has not been well studied as a result of limited viral vector applications. To identify CP-specific viral vectors, we intracerebroventricularly administered six different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors (AAV2/1, AAV2/5, AAV2/8, AAV2/9, AAV2-BR1, and AAV2-PHP.eB) and lentivirus in adult mice. Tropism in CP was compared among these viruses. We found that AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 displayed remarkable infections in CP, while AAV2/1 infected both ependymal cells and cells in the CP. Except for the low infection intensity of AAV2/9 and lentivirus in the CP, no infection intensity was found for CP tissues injected with AAV2-BR1 or AAV2-PHP.eB. Green fluorescence protein expression in the CP after AAV2/5 infection was confirmed by Western blotting. AAV2/5-mediated tropism in epithelial cells of the CP was verified by immunostaining with transthyretin. In this study, we identified for the first time that serotype-specific AAVs 5 and 8 may be robust research tools for intracerebroventricular gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
| | - Yong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
| | - Yu Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science.,College of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Zhonghao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science.,College of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Tianlan Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science.,College of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science
| | - Ke Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Castellani G, Contarini G, Mereu M, Albanesi E, Devroye C, D'Amore C, Ferretti V, De Martin S, Papaleo F. Dopamine-mediated immunomodulation affects choroid plexus function. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:138-150. [PMID: 31175999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system alterations have been implicated in various dopamine-related disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). How immunity might be influenced by dopaminergic dysfunction and impact on clinically-relevant behaviors is still uncertain. We performed a peripheral and cerebral immunophenotyping in mice bearing dopaminergic alteration produced by genetic liability (hypofunction of the dopamine transporter DAT) and psychostimulant (amphetamine) administration. We found that DAT hypofunction influences immune tolerance by increasing functional Tregs and adrenomedullin levels in the thymus and spleen, while reducing microglia activation and infiltration of brain monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-MΦ). Remarkably, both DAT hypofunction and amphetamine treatment are associated with a weaker activation of the choroid plexus (CP) gateway. Conversely, amphetamine reactivated the CP in the setting of DAT hypofunction, paralleling its paradoxical ADHD-relevant behavioral effects. These findings add new knowledge on dopaminergic immunopharmacology and support the immunomodulation of CP functionality as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castellani
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, L.go Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Contarini
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, L.go Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, L.go Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ennio Albanesi
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Céline Devroye
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, L.go Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferretti
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, L.go Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lizano P, Lutz O, Ling G, Lee AM, Eum S, Bishop JR, Kelly S, Pasternak O, Clementz B, Pearlson G, Sweeney JA, Gershon E, Tamminga C, Keshavan M. Association of Choroid Plexus Enlargement With Cognitive, Inflammatory, and Structural Phenotypes Across the Psychosis Spectrum. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:564-572. [PMID: 31164007 PMCID: PMC6676480 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The choroid plexus is an important physiological barrier and produces CSF and neurotrophic, angiogenic, and inflammatory factors involved in brain development. Choroid plexus abnormalities have been implicated in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A previous choroid plexus transcriptomic analysis of schizophrenia identified an upregulation of immune and inflammatory genes that correlated with peripheral inflammatory markers. The purpose of this study was to examine choroid plexus volume in probands across the psychosis spectrum and in their first-degree and axis II cluster A relatives, as well as choroid plexus familiality and choroid plexus covariance with clinical, cognitive, brain, and peripheral marker measures. METHODS Choroid plexus volume was quantified (using FreeSurfer) in psychosis probands, their first-degree and axis II cluster A relatives, and healthy control subjects, organized by DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. Analyte, structural connectivity, and genotype data were collected from a subset of study subjects. RESULTS Choroid plexus volume was significantly larger in probands compared with first-degree relatives or healthy control subjects; first-degree relatives had intermediate enlargement compared with healthy control subjects; and total choroid plexus volume was significantly heritable. Larger volume was associated with worse cognition, smaller total gray matter and amygdala volume, larger lateral ventricle volume, and lower structural connectivity in probands. Associations between larger volume and higher levels of interleukin 6 in probands was also observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the involvement of the choroid plexus across the psychosis spectrum with a potential pathophysiological mechanism involving the neuroimmune axis, which functions in maintaining brain homeostasis and interacting with the peripheral immune and inflammatory system. The choroid plexus may be an important target in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lizano
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Lutz
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Ling
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam M. Lee
- The University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Seenae Eum
- The University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Bishop
- The University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- The Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- The Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - John A. Sweeney
- The Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Elliot Gershon
- The Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- The Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- The Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,The Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrant neurogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia and raises important unanswered questions. We highlight how alterations in signalling molecules in the local and peripheral environments in schizophrenia may regulate adult neurogenesis in the human subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ). RECENT FINDINGS Cell proliferation and density of mature neurons are reduced in the hippocampus, yet the extent of adult neurogenesis remains unexplored in the SEZ in schizophrenia. The human SEZ is a major source of postnatally migrating cortical and striatal inhibitory interneurons, indicating that aberrant neurogenesis may extend to the SEZ and contribute to inhibitory interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Trophic factors and inflammatory cytokines regulate the generation of new neurons in rodents, suggesting that altered expression of these signalling molecules in the brain, peripheral vasculature and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia may impact adult neurogenesis in both the hippocampus and the SEZ. SUMMARY Knowledge about adult neurogenesis remains scant in schizophrenia. We propose that a more rigorous examination of adult neurogenesis in relation to regulatory signalling molecules will allow us to identify how abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim S, Jo Y, Webster MJ, Lee D. Shared co-expression networks in frontal cortex of the normal aged brain and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:253-261. [PMID: 30224231 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the brain of people with schizophrenia have identified structural changes and gene expression changes, suggesting that brain aging maybe accelerated in people with schizophrenia. To better characterize gene expression profiles in schizophrenia and in the aged population we constructed co-expression networks using RNA-Seq data from frontal cortex. The first data set analysed was from 62 subjects with schizophrenia and 51 unaffected controls ranging in age from 19 to 63 years. The second separate data set was from normal control individuals ranging in age from 29 to 106 years. In the first data set, we found two co-expression modules significantly associated with schizophrenia. One was a downregulated co-expression module enriched for neuron function related genes and the other was an upregulated immune/inflammation-related module. In the second data set of normal individuals, we found seven co-expression modules significantly correlated with age. A comparison of the co-expression modules from the two data sets revealed a significant consensus in nodes associated with schizophrenia and those associated with normal aging. The results indicate that a co-expression module related to neuronal function is downregulated and an immune/inflammation related co-expression module is upregulated, and associated with cells of the blood vessels, in both schizophrenia and in normal aging. This finding adds further support to the hypothesis that there may be accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America.
| | - Yousang Jo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Maree J Webster
- Stanley Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett 2018; 726:133664. [PMID: 29966749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the peripheral blood supply and the cerebral parenchyma, controlling the transport of material to and from the brain. Tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature limit the passage of large, negatively charged molecules via paracellular diffusion whereas transcellular transportation across the endothelial cell is controlled by a number of mechanisms including transporter proteins, endocytosis, and diffusion. Here, we review the evidence that perturbation of these processes may underlie the development of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and affective disorders. Increased permeability of the BBB appears to be a common factor in these disorders, leading to increased infiltration of peripheral material into the brain culminating in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. However, although there is no common mechanism underpinning BBB dysfunction even within each particular disorder, the tight junction protein claudin-5 may be a clinically relevant target given that both clinical and pre-clinical research has linked it to schizophrenia, ASD, and depression. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of the BBB in diagnosis (genetic markers, dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging, and blood biomarkers) and in treatment (drug delivery).
Collapse
|
43
|
Jo Y, Kim S, Lee D. Identification of common coexpression modules based on quantitative network comparison. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:213. [PMID: 29897320 PMCID: PMC5998758 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Finding common molecular interactions from different samples is essential work to understanding diseases and other biological processes. Coexpression networks and their modules directly reflect sample-specific interactions among genes. Therefore, identification of common coexpression network or modules may reveal the molecular mechanism of complex disease or the relationship between biological processes. However, there has been no quantitative network comparison method for coexpression networks and we examined previous methods for other networks that cannot be applied to coexpression network. Therefore, we aimed to propose quantitative comparison methods for coexpression networks and to find common biological mechanisms between Huntington’s disease and brain aging by the new method. Results We proposed two similarity measures for quantitative comparison of coexpression networks. Then, we performed experiments using known coexpression networks. We showed the validity of two measures and evaluated threshold values for similar coexpression network pairs from experiments. Using these similarity measures and thresholds, we quantitatively measured the similarity between disease-specific and aging-related coexpression modules and found similar Huntington’s disease-aging coexpression module pairs. Conclusions We identified similar Huntington’s disease-aging coexpression module pairs and found that these modules are related to brain development, cell death, and immune response. It suggests that up-regulated cell signalling related cell death and immune/ inflammation response may be the common molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of HD and normal brain aging in the frontal cortex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2193-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousang Jo
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Brain Research Laboratory, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Doheon Lee
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Avramopoulos D. Recent Advances in the Genetics of Schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:35-51. [PMID: 29998117 PMCID: PMC6032037 DOI: 10.1159/000488679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The last decade brought tremendous progress in the field of schizophrenia genetics. As a result of extensive collaborations and multiple technological advances, we now recognize many types of genetic variants that increase the risk. These include large copy number variants, rare coding inherited and de novο variants, and over 100 loci harboring common risk variants. While the type and contribution to the risk vary among genetic variants, there is concordance in the functions of genes they implicate, such as those whose RNA binds the fragile X-related protein FMRP and members of the activity-regulated cytoskeletal complex involved in learning and memory. Gene expression studies add important information on the biology of the disease and recapitulate the same functional gene groups. Studies of alternative phenotypes help us widen our understanding of the genetic architecture of mental function and dysfunction, how diseases overlap not only with each other but also with non-disease phenotypes. The challenge is to apply this new knowledge to prevention and treatment and help patients. The data generated so far and emerging technologies, including new methods in cell engineering, offer significant promise that in the next decade we will unlock the translational potential of these significant discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stopa EG, Tanis KQ, Miller MC, Nikonova EV, Podtelezhnikov AA, Finney EM, Stone DJ, Camargo LM, Parker L, Verma A, Baird A, Donahue JE, Torabi T, Eliceiri BP, Silverberg GD, Johanson CE. Comparative transcriptomics of choroid plexus in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and Huntington's disease: implications for CSF homeostasis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:18. [PMID: 29848382 PMCID: PMC5977762 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease, there are striking changes in CSF composition that relate to altered choroid plexus (CP) function. Studying CP tissue gene expression at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier could provide further insight into the epithelial and stromal responses to neurodegenerative disease states. METHODS Transcriptome-wide Affymetrix microarrays were used to determine disease-related changes in gene expression in human CP. RNA from post-mortem samples of the entire lateral ventricular choroid plexus was extracted from 6 healthy controls (Ctrl), 7 patients with advanced (Braak and Braak stage III-VI) Alzheimer's disease (AD), 4 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 3 with Huntington's disease (HuD). Statistics and agglomerative clustering were accomplished with MathWorks, MatLab; and gene set annotations by comparing input sets to GeneGo ( http://www.genego.com ) and Ingenuity ( http://www.ingenuity.com ) pathway sets. Bonferroni-corrected hypergeometric p-values of < 0.1 were considered a significant overlap between sets. RESULTS Pronounced differences in gene expression occurred in CP of advanced AD patients vs. Ctrls. Metabolic and immune-related pathways including acute phase response, cytokine, cell adhesion, interferons, and JAK-STAT as well as mTOR were significantly enriched among the genes upregulated. Methionine degradation, claudin-5 and protein translation genes were downregulated. Many gene expression changes in AD patients were observed in FTD and HuD (e.g., claudin-5, tight junction downregulation), but there were significant differences between the disease groups. In AD and HuD (but not FTD), several neuroimmune-modulating interferons were significantly enriched (e.g., in AD: IFI-TM1, IFN-AR1, IFN-AR2, and IFN-GR2). AD-associated expression changes, but not those in HuD and FTD, were enriched for upregulation of VEGF signaling and immune response proteins, e.g., interleukins. HuD and FTD patients distinctively displayed upregulated cadherin-mediated adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Our transcript data for human CP tissue provides genomic and mechanistic insight for differential expression in AD vs. FTD vs. HuD for stromal as well as epithelial components. These choroidal transcriptome characterizations elucidate immune activation, tissue functional resiliency, and CSF metabolic homeostasis. The BCSFB undergoes harmful, but also important functional and adaptive changes in neurodegenerative diseases; accordingly, the enriched JAK-STAT and mTOR pathways, respectively, likely help the CP in adaptive transcription and epithelial repair and/or replacement when harmed by neurodegeneration pathophysiology. We anticipate that these precise CP translational data will facilitate pharmacologic/transgenic therapies to alleviate dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Stopa
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Keith Q. Tanis
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Miles C. Miller
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Elena V. Nikonova
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Eva M. Finney
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - David J. Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Luiz M. Camargo
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | - Lisan Parker
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA USA
| | | | - Andrew Baird
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest, 212 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA USA
| | - John E. Donahue
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Tara Torabi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Brian P. Eliceiri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest, 212 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Gerald D. Silverberg
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Conrad E. Johanson
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (Neuropathology Division), Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Smith MR, Glicksberg BS, Li L, Chen R, Morishita H, Dudley JT. Loss-of-function of neuroplasticity-related genes confers risk for human neurodevelopmental disorders. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2018; 23:68-79. [PMID: 29218870 PMCID: PMC5728668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High and increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders place enormous personal and economic burdens on society. Given the growing realization that the roots of neurodevelopmental disorders often lie in early childhood, there is an urgent need to identify childhood risk factors. Neurodevelopment is marked by periods of heightened experience-dependent neuroplasticity wherein neural circuitry is optimized by the environment. If these critical periods are disrupted, development of normal brain function can be permanently altered, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we aim to systematically identify human variants in neuroplasticity-related genes that confer risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Historically, this knowledge has been limited by a lack of techniques to identify genes related to neurodevelopmental plasticity in a high-throughput manner and a lack of methods to systematically identify mutations in these genes that confer risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Using an integrative genomics approach, we determined loss-of-function (LOF) variants in putative plasticity genes, identified from transcriptional profiles of brain from mice with elevated plasticity, that were associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. From five shared differentially expressed genes found in two mouse models of juvenile-like elevated plasticity (juvenile wild-type or adult Lynx1-/- relative to adult wild-type) that were also genotyped in the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank we identified multiple associations between LOF genes and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders across 10,510 patients linked to the Mount Sinai Electronic Medical Records (EMR), including epilepsy and schizophrenia. This work demonstrates a novel approach to identify neurodevelopmental risk genes and points toward a promising avenue to discover new drug targets to address the unmet therapeutic needs of neurodevelopmental disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milo R Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA, ²Departments of Psychiatry and Opthamology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA, ³Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA, ⁴Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA, ⁵Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA, ⁶Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl. New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Orsolini L, Sarchione F, Vellante F, Fornaro M, Matarazzo I, Martinotti G, Valchera A, Di Nicola M, Carano A, Di Giannantonio M, Perna G, Olivieri L, De Berardis D. Protein-C Reactive as Biomarker Predictor of Schizophrenia Phases of Illness? A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:583-606. [PMID: 29357805 PMCID: PMC5997872 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180119144538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex illness in which genetic, environmental, and epigenetic components have been implicated. However, recently, psychiatric disorders appear to be related to a chronic inflammatory state, at the level of specific cerebral areas which have been found as well impaired and responsible for schizophrenia symptomatology. Hence, a role of inflammatory mediators and cytokines has been as well defined. Accordingly, the role of an acute inflammatory phase protein, the C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recently investigated. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to evaluate how PCR may represent a biomarker in schizophrenia, i.e. correlated with illness phases and/or clinical manifestation and/or psychopathological severity. METHODS A systematic review was here carried out by searching the following keywords ((C-reactive protein AND ((schizophrenia) OR (psychotic disorder))) for the topics 'PCR' and 'Schizophrenia', by using MESH terms. RESULTS An immune dysfunction and inflammation have been described amongst schizophrenic patients. Findings reported elevated CRP levels in schizophrenia, mainly correlated with the severity of illness and during the recrudescent phase. CRP levels are higher when catatonic features, negative symptomatology and aggressiveness are associated. CRP levels appeared not to be related to suicidal behaviour and ideation. CONCLUSION CRP and its blood levels have been reported higher amongst schizophrenic patients, by suggesting a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to better understand if CRP may be considered a biomarker in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, HertsAL10 9AB, UK
- Polyedra Research, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabiola Sarchione
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, School of Medicine ‘Federico II’ Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Matarazzo
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Polyedra Research, Teramo, Italy
- Villa S. Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carano
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “Madonna Del Soccorso”, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry, University “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Luigi Olivieri
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4 Teramo, Italy
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4 Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pollak TA, Drndarski S, Stone JM, David AS, McGuire P, Abbott NJ. The blood-brain barrier in psychosis. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:79-92. [PMID: 28781208 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier pathology is recognised as a central factor in the development of many neurological disorders, but much less is known about the role of the blood-brain barrier in psychiatric disorders. We review post-mortem, serum-biomarker, CSF-biomarker, and neuroimaging studies that have examined blood-brain barrier structure and function in schizophrenia and related psychoses. We consider how blood-brain barrier dysfunction could relate to glutamatergic and inflammatory abnormalities, which are increasingly understood to play a part in the pathogenesis of psychosis. Mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier and its associated solute transporters moderate CNS availability of antipsychotic drugs are summarised. We conclude that the complex nature of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in psychosis might be relevant to many aspects of disrupted neuronal and synaptic function, increased permeability to inflammatory molecules, disrupted glutamate homoeostasis, impaired action of antipsychotics, and development of antipsychotic resistance. Future research should address the longitudinal course of blood-brain barrier alterations in psychosis, to determine whether blood-brain barrier dysfunction is a cause or consequence of the pathology associated with the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Pollak
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | - James M Stone
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Joan Abbott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agarwal AB, Christensen AJ, Feng CY, Wen D, Johnson LA, von Bartheld CS. Expression of schizophrenia biomarkers in extraocular muscles from patients with strabismus: an explanation for the link between exotropia and schizophrenia? PeerJ 2017; 5:e4214. [PMID: 29302405 PMCID: PMC5742522 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated exotropia as a risk factor for schizophrenia. We determined whether schizophrenia biomarkers have abnormal levels of expression in extraocular muscles from patients with strabismus and explored whether differences in gene expression between medial and lateral rectus muscles may explain the specific association of schizophrenia with exotropia but not esotropia. Samples from horizontal extraocular muscles were obtained during strabismus surgery and compared with age- and muscle type-matched normal muscles from organ donors. We used PCR arrays to identify differences in gene expression among 417 signaling molecules. We then focused on established schizophrenia-related growth factors, cytokines, and regulators of the extracellular matrix. Among 36 genes with significantly altered gene expression in dysfunctional horizontal rectus muscles, over one third were schizophrenia-related: CTGF, CXCR4, IL1B, IL10RA, MIF, MMP2, NPY1R, NRG1, NTRK2, SERPINA3, TIMP1, TIMP2, and TNF (adjusted p value ≤ 0.016667). By PCR array, expression of three of these genes was significantly different in medial rectus muscles, while eleven were significantly altered in lateral rectus muscles. Comparing baseline levels between muscle types, three schizophrenia-related genes (NPY1R, NTRK2, TIMP2) had lower levels of expression in medial rectus muscles. Despite the surprisingly large number of schizophrenia-related genes with altered gene expression levels in dysfunctional muscles, the lack of specificity for medial rectus muscles undermines a model of shared, region-specific gene expression abnormalities between exotropia and schizophrenia, but rather suggests consideration of the alternative model: that exotropia-induced aberrant early visual experiences may enable and/or contribute as a causative factor to the development of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Agarwal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Austin J. Christensen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Cheng-Yuan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Dan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|