1
|
Hoffmann SW, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Grothoff A, Wachsmuth NB, Rössler A, Niedrist T, Lackner HK, Moser O. Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Light-Intensity Physical Activity on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Secondary Outcome Analyses of the SED-ACT Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1029. [PMID: 39199416 PMCID: PMC11352707 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is an essential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Though certain levels of physical activity (PA) may attenuate the detrimental effects of SB, the inflammatory and cardiometabolic responses involved are still not fully understood. The focus of this secondary outcome analysis was to describe how light-intensity PA snacks (LIPASs, alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting affect inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers. Seventeen young adults with overweight and obesity participated in this study (eight females, 23.4 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 29.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2, glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) 5.4 ± 0.3%, body fat 31.8 ± 8.2%). Participants were randomly assigned to the following conditions which were tested during an 8 h simulated workday: uninterrupted prolonged sitting (SIT), alternate sitting and standing (SIT-STAND, 2.5 h total standing time), continuous standing (STAND), and continuous walking (1.6 km/h; WALK). Each condition also included a standardized non-relativized breakfast and lunch. Venous blood samples were obtained in a fasted state at baseline (T0), 1 h after lunch (T1) and 8 h after baseline (T2). Inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers included interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), visceral fat area (VFA), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, two lipid ratio measures, TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, albumin, amylase (pancreatic), total protein, uric acid, and urea. We found significant changes in a broad range of certain inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers during the intervention phase for IL-6 (p = 0.014), TG (p = 0.012), TC (p = 0.017), HDL-C (p = 0.020), LDL-C (p = 0.021), albumin (p = 0.003), total protein (p = 0.021), and uric acid (p = 0.040) in favor of light-intensity walking compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting, alternate sitting and standing, and continuous standing. We found no significant changes in CRP (p = 0.529), creatinine (p = 0.199), TyG (p = 0.331), and the lipid ratios TG/HDL-C (p = 0.793) and TC/HDL-C (p = 0.221) in response to the PA snack. During a simulated 8 h work environment replacement and interruption of prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking, significant positive effects on certain inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk markers were found in young adults with overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha W. Hoffmann
- Division of Theory and Practice of Sports and Fields of Physical Activity, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
| | - Auguste Grothoff
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
| | - Nadine B. Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
| | - Andreas Rössler
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.R.); (H.K.L.)
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Helmut K. Lackner
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (A.R.); (H.K.L.)
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (A.G.); (N.B.W.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ushasree MV, Jia Q, Do SG, Lee EY. New opportunities and perspectives on biosynthesis and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108325. [PMID: 38395206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, the genus Aloe has been an indispensable part of both traditional and modern medicine. Decades of intensive research have unveiled the major bioactive secondary metabolites of this plant. Recent pandemic outbreaks have revitalized curiosity in aloe metabolites, as they have proven pharmacokinetic profiles and repurposable chemical space. However, the structural complexity of these metabolites has hindered scientific advances in the chemical synthesis of these compounds. Multi-omics research interventions have transformed aloe research by providing insights into the biosynthesis of many of these compounds, for example, aloesone, aloenin, noreugenin, aloin, saponins, and carotenoids. Here, we summarize the biological activities of major aloe secondary metabolites with a focus on their mechanism of action. We also highlight the recent advances in decoding the aloe metabolite biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic machinery linked with these pathways. Proof-of-concept studies on in vitro, whole-cell, and microbial synthesis of aloe compounds have also been briefed. Research initiatives on the structural modification of various aloe metabolites to expand their chemical space and activity are detailed. Further, the technological limitations, patent status, and prospects of aloe secondary metabolites in biomedicine have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrudulakumari Vasudevan Ushasree
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 2121 South street suite 400 Tacoma, Washington 98405, USA
| | - Seon Gil Do
- Naturetech, Inc., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Łuniewski M, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B, Lenart-Lipińska M. Diagnosis and Non-Invasive Treatment of Obesity in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Guidelines. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4431. [PMID: 37445466 PMCID: PMC10342979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity prevalence is growing globally at an alarming rate. The overwhelming majority of obesity cases are caused by inappropriate lifestyles, such as overconsumption of food and inadequate physical activity. Metabolic and biochemical changes due to increased adiposity resulted in numerous comorbidities, increased all-cause mortality, and reduced quality of life. T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) and obesity have many common pathogenetic points and drive each other in a vicious cycle. The aim of this article is to review obesity management guidelines and highlight the most important points. Management of both obesity-related and T2DM complications incur enormous expenses on healthcare systems. It is, therefore, paramount to provide streamlined yet custom-tailored weight management in order to avoid the negative ramifications of both diseases. Efficient obesity treatment leads to better diabetes control since some antidiabetic medications support weight reduction. Obesity treatment should be overseen by a multi-disciplinary team providing indispensable information and individually tailored regimens to patients. Weight management should be multimodal and consist chiefly of MNT (medical nutrition therapy), physical activity, and lifestyle changes. A comprehensive approach to obesity treatment may give tangible results to quality of life and comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łuniewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (B.M.-M.); (M.L.-L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahgoub MO, Ali II, Adeghate JO, Tekes K, Kalász H, Adeghate EA. An Update on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119328. [PMID: 37298274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic illness with an increasing global prevalence. More than 537 million cases of diabetes were reported worldwide in 2021, and the number is steadily increasing. The worldwide number of people suffering from DM is projected to reach 783 million in 2045. In 2021 alone, more than USD 966 billion was spent on the management of DM. Reduced physical activity due to urbanization is believed to be the major cause of the increase in the incidence of the disease, as it is associated with higher rates of obesity. Diabetes poses a risk for chronic complications such as nephropathy, angiopathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Hence, the successful management of blood glucose is the cornerstone of DM therapy. The effective management of the hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes includes physical exercise, diet and therapeutic interventions (insulin, biguanides, second generation sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, amylin mimetics, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and bile acid sequestrants). The optimal and timely treatment of DM improves the quality of life and reduces the severe burden of the disease for patients. Genetic testing, examining the roles of different genes involved in the pathogenesis of DM, may also help to achieve optimal DM management in the future by reducing the incidence of DM and by enhancing the use of individualized treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omer Mahgoub
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25669, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ifrah Ismail Ali
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer O Adeghate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 635 W. 165th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest A Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ojo O, Jiang Y, Ojo OO, Wang X. The Association of Planetary Health Diet with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081120. [PMID: 37107955 PMCID: PMC10138355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional interventions such as the planetary health diet, which the EAT-Lancet commission proposed, may be an effective strategy for reducing type 2 diabetes risks and its associated complications. The planetary health diet demonstrates the significant role of diet in associating human health with environmental sustainability and the significance of transforming food systems in order to ensure that the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement are achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the association of the planetary health diet (PHD) with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related complications. METHOD The systematic review was conducted in line with established guidelines. The searches were carried out in health sciences research databases through EBSCOHost. The population, intervention, comparator and outcomes framework was used in order to define the research question and the search terms. The searches were carried out from the inception of the databases to 15 November 2022. Search terms including synonyms and medical subject headings were combined using Boolean operators (OR/AND). RESULTS Seven studies were included in the review and four themes were identified, including incidence of diabetes; cardiovascular risk factors and other disease risks; indicators of obesity and indicators of environmental sustainability. Two studies examined the association between the PHD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and found that high adherence to the reference diet (EAT-Lancet reference diet) was correlated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. High adherence to the PHD was also associated with some cardiovascular risk factors and environmental sustainability. CONCLUSION This systematic review has shown that high adherence to the PHD is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and may be associated with a lower risk of subarachnoid stroke. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between adherence to the PHD and markers of obesity and environmental sustainability. Adherence to the reference diet was also associated with lower values of some markers of cardiovascular risk. More studies are needed to fully examine the relationship between the planetary health diet, type 2 diabetes and its related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK
| | - Yiqing Jiang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo
- Smoking Cessation Department, University Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, UK
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wong T, Gao W, Chen G, Qiu C, He G, Ye F, Wu Z, Zeng Z, Du Y. Cryo-EM structure of orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR21. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e205. [PMID: 36721851 PMCID: PMC9877262 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human GPR21 remain unidentified. GPR21 expression is associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, decreasing insulin production, insulin resistance, and obesity. Animal studies suggested that GPR21 is a potential therapeutic target for T2DM treatment. The underlying mechanisms leading to GPR21 self-activation remain unknown. In our co-expression analysis, we noted that GPR21 could also form a stable complex with an unreported Gα protein subtype, Gαs. To gain further insights into the structural mechanisms of GPR21 activation, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis to resolve the high-resolution structure of GPR21-Gαs complexes. The clear electron density map of the GPR21-Gαs provided direct evidence that GPR21 could couple to Gαs protein at physiological conditions. Thus, GPR21 might mediate previously unexplored pathways in normal or pathological conditions, which warrants further investigation. Structure-guided mutagenesis and biochemical analysis revealed that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GPR21 is essential for the receptor transducing intracellular signal via cAMP. Together, the new structure data reveal a novel signaling cascade of human GPR21 mediated by ECL2 and provide fundamental information for future structure-based drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thian‐Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina,School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina,Innovation Center for AI and Drug DiscoveryEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Chen Qiu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Guodong He
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fang Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhangsong Wu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zicheng Zeng
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between microbial composition, diversity, and function of the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome with impaired glucose tolerance on the glucose challenge test. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271261. [PMID: 36584051 PMCID: PMC9803092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has almost doubled resulting in almost 9% of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Occurring more frequently than GDM is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), also known as pre-diabetes, but it has been understudied during pregnancy resulting in a lack of clinical recommendations of maternal and fetal surveillance. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to examine the association between microbial diversity and function of the maternal microbiome with IGT while adjusting for confounding variables. We hypothesized that reduced maternal microbial diversity and increased gene abundance for insulin resistance function will be associated with IGT as defined by a value greater than 140 mg/dL on the glucose challenge test. In the examination of microbial composition between women with IGT and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), we found five taxa which were significantly different. Taxa higher in participants with impaired glucose tolerance were Ruminococcacea (p = 0.01), Schaalia turicensis (p<0.05), Oscillibacter (p = 0.03), Oscillospiraceae (p = 0.02), and Methanobrevibacter smithii (p = 0.04). When we further compare participants who have IGT by their pre-gravid BMI, five taxa are significantly different between the BMI groups, Enterobacteriaceae, Dialister micraerophilus, Campylobacter ureolyticus, Proteobacteria, Streptococcus Unclassified (species). All four metrics including the Shannon (p<0.00), Simpson (p<0.00), Inverse Simpson (p = 0.04), and Chao1 (p = 0.04), showed a significant difference in alpha diversity with increased values in the impaired glucose tolerance group. Our study highlights the important gastrointestinal microbiome changes in women with IGT during pregnancy. Understanding the role of the microbiome in regulating glucose tolerance during pregnancy helps clinicians and researchers to understand the importance of IGT as a marker for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun X, Yan AF, Shi Z, Zhao B, Yan N, Li K, Gao L, Xue H, Peng W, Cheskin LJ, Wang Y. Health consequences of obesity and projected future obesity health burden in China. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1724-1751. [PMID: 36000246 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of overweight/obesity on mortality and morbidity outcomes and the disparities, time trends, and projected future obesity health burden in China. METHODS Cohort studies that were conducted in China and published in English or Chinese between January 1, 1995, and July 31, 2021, were systematically searched. This study focused on overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancers, and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS A total of 31 cohorts and 50 cohort studies reporting on mortality (n = 20) and morbidities (n = 30) associated with obesity met study inclusion criteria. Overall, BMI was nonlinearly (U-shaped) associated with all-cause mortality and linearly associated with risks of T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. In 2018, among adults, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and T2DM was 51.2%, 27.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. Their future projected prevalence would be 70.5%, 35.4%, and 18.5% in 2030, respectively. The projected number of adults having these conditions would be 810.65 million, 416.47 million, and 217.64 million, respectively. The urban-rural disparity in overweight/obesity prevalence was projected to shrink and then reverse over time. CONCLUSIONS The current health burden of obesity in China is high and it will sharply increase in coming years and affect population groups differently. China needs to implement vigorous interventions for obesity prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Alice Fang Yan
- Center for Advancing Population Science, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bingtong Zhao
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Yan
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwang Gao
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Wen Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University and Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rao P, S A, Masood G, Kusanur R, Niranjan V, Patra SM. Bioinformatics Study of Pioglitazone Analogues as Potential Anti-Diabetic Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202205017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Elevated Plasma Levels of C1qTNF1 Protein in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glucose Disturbances. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154391. [PMID: 35956011 PMCID: PMC9369205 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research has provided increasing evidence for the importance of inflammatory etiology in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. This study assessed the profile of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with AMD and coexisting glucose disturbances (GD). This prospective population-based cohort study addressed the determinants and occurrence of cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, and endocrine diseases in residents of Bialystok, Poland. To make the group homogenous in terms of inflammatory markers, we analyzed only subjects with glucose disturbances (GD: diabetes or prediabetes). Four hundred fifty-six patients aged 50–80 were included. In the group of patients without macular degenerative changes, those with GD accounted for 71.7%, while among those with AMD, GD accounted for 89.45%. Increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in both AMD and GD groups. C1qTNF1 concentration was statistically significantly higher in the group of patients with AMD, with comparable levels of concentrations of other proinflammatory cytokines. C1qTNF1 may act as a key mediator in the integration of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Moreover, C1qTNF1 levels are increased after exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and is also a major component of the drusen observed in AMD. C1qTNF1 may, therefore, prove to be a link between the accumulation of oxLDL and the induction of local inflammation in the development of AMD with concomitant GD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou J, Zhang N, Aldhahrani A, Soliman MM, Zhang L, Zhou F. Puerarin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats by regulating hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956688. [PMID: 35958617 PMCID: PMC9359096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the public health problems globally. The occurrence of NAFLD is usually accompanied by a series of chronic metabolic diseases, with a prevalence rate is 25.24% among adults worldwide. Therefore, NAFLD seriously affects the quality of life in patients and causes a large economic burden. It has been reported that puerarin has the function of lowering the serum lipids, but due to the complexity of NAFLD, the specific mechanism of action has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive or ameliorating effects of two doses of puerarin (0.11% and 0.22% in diet) on high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD)-induced NAFLD in rats. The rats were fed with HFFD-mixed puerarin for 20 weeks. The results showed that puerarin ameliorated the levels of lipids in the serum and liver. Further exploration of the mechanism found that puerarin ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD rats by reducing the expression of Srebf1, Chrebp, Acaca, Scd1, Fasn, Acacb, Cd36, Fatp5, Degs1, Plin2, and Apob100 and upregulating the expression of Mttp, Cpt1a, and Pnpla2. At the same time, after administration of puerarin, the levels of antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were significantly increased in the serum and liver, and the contents of serum and hepatic inflammatory factors (interleukin-18, interleukins-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α) were clearly decreased. In addition, puerarin could ameliorate the liver function. Overall, puerarin ameliorated HFFD-induced NAFLD by modulating liver lipid accumulation, liver function, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martin JLA, Cartwright NM, Hutchinson AL, Robinson LE, Ma DWL, Monk JM. Differential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on L6 Myotube Inflammatory Mediator Production in Response to Lipopolysaccharide- or Palmitic Acid-Stimulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142826. [PMID: 35889783 PMCID: PMC9320465 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from dietary non-digestible carbohydrate fermentation have metabolic effects in skeletal muscle; however, their effect on inflammatory mediator production is unknown. In this study, L6 myotubes were cultured with individual SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) at 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM ± 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ± 500 µM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h. In response to LPS, only butyrate had an effect at the lower concentration (0.5 mM), whereas at the higher concentration (2.5 mM) both propionate and butyrate reduced MCP-1, MIP-1α, and RANTES secretion (p < 0.05), and only butyrate reduced IL-6 secretion and intracellular protein levels of phospho-STAT3 (p < 0.05). In response to PA, 0.5 mM butyrate reduced protein expression of phospho-NFκB p65 and the secretion of IL-6, MIP-1α, and MCP-1, whereas all three SCFA reduced RANTES secretion (p < 0.05). At the 2.5 mM SCFA concentration combined with PA stimulation, all three SCFA reduced intracellular protein expression of phospho-NFκB p65 and phospho-STAT3 and secreted protein levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and RANTES, whereas only butyrate reduced secretion of MIP-1α (p < 0.05). Thus, SCFA exhibit differential effects on inflammatory mediator expression in response to LPS and PA stimulation, which has implications for their individual impacts on inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Collapse
|
13
|
Associations of the Cardiometabolic Index with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results of a Longitudinal Cohort Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4914791. [PMID: 35783191 PMCID: PMC9246614 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4914791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to explore the relationship between the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes (coronary artery disease and stroke) in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study enrolling 2067 participants from the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension study. The CMI was calculated as triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio × waist‐to‐height ratio. Participants were divided into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) according to the tertile of CMI. The Kaplan-Meier method helped to calculate the cumulative incidence of CVD in different groups. We assessed the association of CMI with the risk of CVD and CVD subtypes by estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox models. Results During a median follow-up of 6.83 years (interquartile range: 5.92-8.00 years), 326 incident CVD were identified, including 121 incident stroke and 205 incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Overall, after adjusting for confounding variables, CMI was positively associated with the risk of new-onset CVD (per SD increment, adjusted HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.43), new-onset CHD (per SD increment, adjusted HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.48), and new-onset stroke (per SD increment, adjusted HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.47). Similar results were obtained in various subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Adding CMI to the baseline risk model for CVD improved the C-index (P < 0.001), continuous net reclassification improvement (P < 0.001), and integrated discrimination index (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for CHD and stroke. Conclusion There was a positive association between CMI levels and the risk of new-onset CVD in patients with hypertension and OSA. This finding suggests that CMI may help identify people at high risk of developing CVD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ciardullo S, Mantovani A, Ciaccio A, Carbone M, Invernizzi P, Perseghin G. Hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes: A complex bidirectional relationship. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 187:109870. [PMID: 35398458 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and diabetes represent two severe chronic conditions responsible for a considerable number of deaths worldwide. They have a complex, bidirectional relationship. On the one hand, several cohort studies have shown that chronic HCV infection increases both the risk of developing diabetes in non-diabetic subjects (by inducing insulin resistance and promoting β-cell dysfunction) as well as the risk of developing macro and microvascular complications in patients with known diabetes; on the other hand, diabetes is an independent risk factor for liver-related events among patients with CHC, including a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver-related death and transplantation. Importantly, sustained virological response, which can be obtained in the vast majority of patients with the use of direct antiviral agents, does not only lead to a lower rate of liver-related outcomes, but also to improvements of glycemic control and reduction in the rate of complications among patients with diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize available clinical evidence on the association among CHC, diabetes and related clinical outcomes. We will also briefly discuss the biological mechanisms underpinning the association between CHC and diabetes, as well as the implications this relationship should have on everyday clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Monza Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Verona
| | - Antonio Ciaccio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Monza Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smita RM, Shuvo APR, Raihan S, Jahan R, Simin FA, Rahman A, Biswas S, Salem L, Sagor MAT. The Role of Mineral Deficiencies in Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e171121197987. [PMID: 34789132 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211117104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are critical for maintaining overall health. These tiny chemical compounds are responsible for enzymatic activation, maintaining healthy teeth and bones, regulating energy metabolism, enhancing immunity, and aiding muscle and brain function. However, mineral deficiency in the form of inadequate or under nourished intake affects millions of people throughout the world, with well-documented adverse health consequences of malnutrition. Conversely, mineral deficiency may also be a risk factor for Insulin Resistance (IR) and obesity. This review focuses on another, more "less discussed" form of malnutrition, namely mineral deficiency and its contribution to metabolic disorders. At the cellular level, minerals maintain not only molecular communication but also trigger several key biochemical pathways. Disturbances in these processes due to mineral insufficiency may gradually lead to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and central obesity, which might lead to renal failure, cardiac arrest, hepatic carcinoma, and various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the burden of disease promoted by mineral deficiencies and the medical, social, and economic consequences. Mineral deficiency-mediated IR and obesity have a considerable negative impact on individual well-being, physical consideration, and economic productivity. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms of mineral deficiency that may lead to IR and obesity and suggest strategies to counter these metabolic disorders. To protect mankind from mineral nutrient deficiencies, the key is to take a variety of foods in reasonable quantities, such as organic and pasture-raised eggs, low fat dairy, and grass-fed and finished meats, insecticide, and pesticide-free vegetables and fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabbir Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faria Anjum Simin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soumick Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Liyad Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moradi M, Chashnidel Y, Teimouri Yansari A, Khazari B, Mansouryar M. Moderate overfeeding of different sources of metabolizable energy and protein. II: Effects on inflammatory status of sheep in late pregnancy and growth trajectory of the offspring. Theriogenology 2021; 176:115-121. [PMID: 34601235 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of moderate overfeeding of different sources of metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (MP) on inflammatory status of sheep in late gestation and short-term growth performance of the offspring. A total of 32 healthy pregnant Zell ewes (2.5 ± 1 years old, 42.19 ± 1.65 kg body weight [BW]) were selected 7 weeks before lambing. After receiving a ten-day adaptation diet, eight ewes were randomly allocated to each of the four treatments including: 1) The adaptation diet that fulfills ME and MP requirements, according to the National Research Council's (NRC, 2007) recommendations for late pregnant ewes (CON); 2) A diet with 10% higher levels of ME than CON, using corn grain for extra ME (HEC); 3) A diet with 10% higher level of ME compared to CON, using flaxseed for additional ME (HEF); and 4) A diet with a 10% higher level of MP than CON, using a rumen-protected lysin and methionine supplement (RP-Lys & Met) to supply extra MP (PRO). After lambing, ewes continued their dietary treatments until 30 days postpartum; however, the content of ingredients were proportionally increased to meet the recommended levels of energy and protein for lactating ewes (NRC, 2007). Blood samples from the ewes were taken on days -21, -14, and -7 before parturition. Colostrum yield and components were determined, and lamb's BW and milk intake (MI) were measured weekly until 28 days of age. Other growth performance indexes were computed accordingly. Blood samples from the offspring were taken on days 15 and 30 of life. The data was analyzed using SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., 9.4). Compared with the CON, HEF-fed ewes were the only group that had lower levels of oxidative stress and blood inflammatory markers at -7 d before parturition (P < 0.05). Concentrations of aminotransferases in CON-fed ewes were greater than other groups in late gestation (P ≤ 0.05). Offspring of HEF- and PRO-fed ewes had higher birth BW than lambs of the CON-fed group (3.71 and 4.11 vs. 3.01 ± 0.24, Kg for HEF, PRO, and CON, respectively). Except for week 2, lambs of CON-fed ewes had lower BW gain compared with the other offspring (P < 0.01). Lambs of PRO-fed ewes had greater levels of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG, days 15 and 30 of life; P < 0.05) and MI (from week 2; P < 0.001) than other groups. In conclusion, regardless of the source, moderate overfeeding of ME/MP was more beneficial for the immune status of late pregnant dams and the offspring's performance than non-overfed ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Moradi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Y Chashnidel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - A Teimouri Yansari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - B Khazari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - M Mansouryar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ajmera KM. Fatal Case of Rhabdomyolysis Post-COVID-19 Vaccine. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3929-3935. [PMID: 34594116 PMCID: PMC8478340 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s331362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 pandemic has taken away the lives of many people (>4 million per WHO) around the world as of July 2021. With the advancement of the vaccine against COVID-19, in less than a year since the start of the pandemic, the infection rate has come under control in certain regions but is still rising in many more. However, with time, we are also learning a lot more about the adverse events related to the vaccine. This report documents the first fatal case of rhabdomyolysis potentially associated with the COVID-19 vaccine and supports the possibility that autoimmunity is a major risk factor for covid vaccine-related rhabdomyolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal M Ajmera
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Calvert Health Medical Center, Prince Frederick, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taderegew MM, Emeria MS, Zegeye B. Association of glycemic control and anthropometric measurement among type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:356-363. [PMID: 34567918 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining good glycemic control is the main therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Nevertheless, due to complex factors, the majority of patients worldwide persist poorly controlled. Hence the study was conducted to determine the association of anthropometric measurement and other factors with glycemic control among type 2 DM patients. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 366 type 2 DM patients from October-1 to November 30/2019. Data were collected by a pre-tested structured questionnaire and data abstraction format. The collected data were edited in Epi-data-4.4.1.0 and exported to SPSS-25 for analysis. The degree of association was assessed using logistic regression analysis and expressed in terms of p value and odds ratio with a 95%CI. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the total 366 participants, (66.1%) had poor glycemic control. Increased waist circumference (AOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.28-4.40 for overweight and AOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.28-8.58 for obesity), long duration of DM (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.14-3.95 for 5-10 years and AOR 5.67, 95% CI 1.76-11.30 for > 10 years), occupation (AOR 3.74, 95% CI 1.94-7.23 for government employee and AOR 4.90, 95% CI 2.19-10.94 for private employee), and family history of DM (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.08-3.43), were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion Nearly two-thirds of study participants had poor glycemic control. Increased waist circumference, long duration of DM, occupational status, and family history of DM were independently associated with poor glycemic control. Therefore, type 2 DM patients with these identified factors should be strictly monitored to maintain good glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitku Mammo Taderegew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mamo Solomon Emeria
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewa Robit Field Office, Shewa Robit, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance. Inflammation 2021; 45:31-44. [PMID: 34536157 PMCID: PMC8449520 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, manifested by increased adiposity, represents a main cause of morbidity in the developed countries, causing increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recruitment of macrophages and activation of innate immunity represent the initial insult, which can be further exacerbated through secretion of chemokines and adipocytokines from activated macrophages and other cells within the adipose tissue. These events can impact adipogenesis, causing dysfunction of the adipose tissue and increased risk of insulin resistance. Various factors mediate adiposity and related insulin resistance including inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors such as pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors. In this review we will discuss the role of these factors in adipogenesis and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate adipogenesis and insulin resistance could help the development of novel therapeutic strategies for individuals at higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
20
|
Medicinal Plants Galega officinalis L. and Yacon Leaves as Potential Sources of Antidiabetic Drugs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091362. [PMID: 34572994 PMCID: PMC8466348 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of extracts of medicinal plants Galega officinalis L. (aboveground part) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.) (leaves) as potential sources of biologically active substances with antidiabetic action have been studied. The pronounced hypoglycemic effect of Galega officinalis extract, devoid of alkaloids, at a dose of 600 mg/kg in experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proven. The established effect is evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood, increase glucose tolerance of cells, increase C-peptide and insulin content in the plasma of rats' blood. The effective hypoglycemic effect of the extract in the studied pathology was confirmed by histological examination of the pancreas. The cytoprotective effect of the studied extract on pancreatic cells at a dose of 1200 mg/kg was experimentally confirmed. In the standard cut area, an increase was found in the number of Langerhans islets, their average area, diameter, volume, and a number of β-cells relative to these indicators in animals with diabetes. Comparative screening of the antioxidant properties of 30, 50, 70, and 96% water-ethanol extracts of yacon indicates the highest potential of 50% water-ethanol extract to block free radicals in in vitro model experiments. The non-alkaloid fraction of Galega officinalis extract showed moderate antioxidant activity and was inferior to yacon extract in its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bind metal ions of variable valence. The level of antioxidant potential of the studied extracts is due to differences in the quantitative content of compounds of phenolic nature in their compositions. The obtained data on the biological effects of Galega officinalis extract on the structural and functional state of β-cells of the pancreas and antioxidant properties of Galega officinalis and yacon extracts substantiate the prospects of using these plants to create antidiabetic medicines and functional foods based on them.
Collapse
|
21
|
Suzuki T, Yamashita S, Hattori K, Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Impact of a long-term high-glucose environment on pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2129-2139. [PMID: 34402957 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has established that macrophages orchestrate inflammatory responses that crucially contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin-resistant obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined the impact of hyperglycemia on macrophage pro-inflammatory responses under an inflammatory stimulus. To conduct this study, RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured under normal- (5.5 mM) or high-glucose (22 or 40 mM) conditions for 7 days and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Long-term exposure to high glucose significantly enhanced the increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, when macrophages were stimulated with LPS. The LPS-induced increases in inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production were also significantly enhanced by long-term exposure of macrophages to high glucose. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a widely used thiol-containing antioxidant, blunted the enhancement of the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, iNOS expression, and NO production in macrophages. When intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were visualized using the fluorescence dye 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester, a significant increase in ROS generation was found after stimulation of macrophages with LPS, and this increased ROS generation was exacerbated under long-term high-glucose conditions. LPS-induced translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor regulating many pro-inflammatory genes, into the nucleus was promoted under long-term high-glucose conditions. Altogether, the present results indicate that a long-term high-glucose environment can enhance activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated macrophages possibly due to excessive ROS production, thereby leading to increased macrophage pro-inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ding Y, Li G, Zhou Z, Deng T. Molecular mechanisms underlying hepatitis C virus infection-related diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 121:154802. [PMID: 34090869 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a noncommunicable widespread disease that poses the risk of severe complications in patients, with certain complications being life-threatening. Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that mainly causes liver damage, which is also a profound threat to human health. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has many extrahepatic manifestations, including diabetes. Multiple mechanisms facilitate the strong association between HCV and diabetes. HCV infection can affect the insulin signaling pathway in liver and pancreatic tissue and change the profiles of circulating microRNAs, which may further influence the occurrence and development of diabetes. This review describes how HCV infection causes diabetes and discusses the current research progress with respect to HCV infection-related diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangdi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China; Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effect of Endurance and Resistance Training on Adropin and Insulin Resistance among Overweight Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Behradnasab M, Matinhomaei H, Rasaei MJ. Synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and intake of nettle on serum levels of chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:305-310. [PMID: 34463439 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This animal study aimed to demonstrate the synergistic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and alcoholic extract of nettle on serum chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic male rats. METHODS Thirty-two STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, the supplemented group with 200 mg/day of nettle, the training group with five sessions per week of HIIT, and the group with combined nettle and HITT intervention. Body weight, lipid profile, beta cells function, and chemerin level were assessed after eight weeks of the intervention. RESULTS The values of chemerin significantly decreased in combined HIIT and nettle intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.001). The levels of glucose and insulin decreased significantly in nettle group, exercise group, and combined HIIT and nettle group (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study found that intense interval exercise with the consumption of alcoholic extract of nettle can affect the performance of beta cells, glucose, and insulin. Future human studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Behradnasab
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Matinhomaei
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martínez-Ramírez OC, Salazar-Piña DA, de Lorena RGM, Castro-Hernández C, Casas-Ávila L, Portillo-Jacobo JA, Rubio J. Association of NFκβ, TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and LPL Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Biochemical Parameters in a Mexican Population. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:940-965. [PMID: 33599871 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is strongly related to the etiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and the expression of inflammatory cytokines may be modulated by polymorphisms located in the regulatory regions of the NFκβ, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and LPL genes. We considered it particularly important to investigate the relationship of gene polymorphisms involved in chronic inflammation with the risk of T2DM or uncontrolled biochemical parameters. METHODS We included 199 individuals with a T2DM diagnosis and 213 individuals without a T2DM diagnosis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were used to assess polymorphisms. RESULTS We found a risk association between T2DM and uncontrolled biochemical parameters in a Mexican population for the genotypes del/del of NFκβ, -174 and -572 of IL-6, C/C of IL-1β, -308 and -238 of TNFα, and T/T of LPL. In subjects without diabetes (controls), we found an association between the G/C genotype of the -572 polymorphism and the G/C and C/C genotypes of the -597 polymorphism of IL-6 with the risk of glucose levels > 131 mg/dL. Genotype C/C of polymorphism -174 of the IL-6 gene was associated with high triglyceride levels, and levels > 5.8% of HbA1c were associated with the G/A genotype of TNFα -308. CONCLUSION Here, we describe for the first time the relationship of T2DM risk and uncontrolled biochemical parameters with polymorphisms in the NFκβ, IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, and LPL genes in a Mexican population. We also showed that for the population included in this study, there is an additive effect of the polymorphisms of the studied genes that considerably increases the risk of developing T2DM.We also showed that there are interactions between genes related to chronic inflammation that affect the risk of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O C Martínez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - D A Salazar-Piña
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ramos-García M de Lorena
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Castro-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Casas-Ávila
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, C.P. 14389, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J A Portillo-Jacobo
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Río Iztacihuatl S/N. Col. Vista Hermosa, C.P. 62350, Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang Y, Su Y, Chen H, Liu H, Hu J. Serum Levels of CRP are Associated with Depression in a Middle-aged and Elderly Population with Diabetes Mellitus: A Diabetes Mellitus-Stratified Analysis in a Population-Based Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:351-357. [PMID: 33348178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The direct relationship between inflammation and depression in patients with diabetes is still unclear. We examined the association between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the high prevalence of depression in populations (aged ≥49 years) with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from 3895 participants obtained from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were analyzed to determine the association between serum CRP levels and depression, accounting for relevant confounding factors. RESULTS Multivariable analyses showed a positive association between serum CRP and depression score, independent of age and gender, BMI, marital status, education, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, systolic BP, diastolic BP, physical activity, self-reported CVDs and laboratory measurements in subjects with diabetes mellitus (coefficient = 0.179, P<0.001) but not in subjects without diabetes mellitus (coefficient = 0.011, P = 0.495). Higher serum CRP levels were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in subjects with diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.301, 95% CI 1.012-1.799, P = 0.011) but not in subjects without diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 0.992-1.013, P = 0.344) after adjusting for these same confounding factors. After a follow-up of 4 years, higher serum CRP levels were significantly associated with a higher possibility of depression events in subjects with diabetes mellitus. LIMITATIONS Time-varying confounding factors may interfere with our results. CONCLUSION We observed a significant positive association between serum CRP levels and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a middle-aged and elderly population with diabetes after adjustment for a range of lifestyle factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yuhao Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu Q, Wang T, Wang F, Yang Y, He C, Yang W, Zhang J, Zou Z. High n-3 fatty acids counteract hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in fat-1 mice via pre-adipocyte NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Food Funct 2021; 12:230-240. [PMID: 33295913 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have potential anti-insulin resistance activity, the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, increased glucose resistance, insulin sensitivity, and lower glycemia were observed upon streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in n-3 PUFA-enriched fat-1 mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 mice were found to impair hyperglycemia or high glucose level-induced nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and inhibit IL-1β secretion in adipose tissues. In addition, endogenous n-3 PUFAs also inhibited high glucose-induced caspase-1 activity and IL-1β secretion in pre-adipocyte-enriched stromal vascular fractions (SVF) isolated from adipose tissues. Furthermore, in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, high levels of glucose induced thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was counteracted by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major n-3 PUFA in fat-1 mice, by downregulating TXNIP via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Our results suggest that n-3 PUFA-mediated insulin sensitivity is at least partly associated with inflammasome inhibition in pre-adipocytes. Our findings highlight the potential clinical use of dietary n-3 PUFAs in the prevention or intervention of T2D and other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyao Yu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Tiantian Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, the affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Canxia He
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - JinJie Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Zuquan Zou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Medhat D, El-Bana MA, El-Daly SM, Ashour MN, Elias TR, Mohamed RA, Yassen NN, Abdel-Monem MA, Hussein J. Influence of irisin on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in experimental rat model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:347-354. [PMID: 34187125 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of irisin on the experimental paradigm of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) as a part of MetS cluster. METHODS Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups; normal control, standard diet + irisin, high carbohydrate and fat diet (HCHF), and HCHF + irisin. After the experimental period, levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, lipid profile, kidney functions, salusin-alpha (Sal-α), adropin, and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) were evaluated. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) expression in skeletal muscle was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Aorta, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle tissue samples were prepared for histopathological examination. RESULTS Rats administrated HCHF showed elevated levels of FBS, lipid profile, kidney functions, RBP-4, and downregulation of PGC-1α expression along with a decline in levels of insulin, Sal-α, and adropin while administration of irisin significantly attenuated these levels. CONCLUSIONS Irisin as based therapy could emerge as a new line of treatment against MetS and its related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Bana
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdi N Ashour
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tahany R Elias
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Pathology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aparecida Silveira E, Vaseghi G, de Carvalho Santos AS, Kliemann N, Masoudkabir F, Noll M, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C. Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9042. [PMID: 33261185 PMCID: PMC7730690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in animal and epidemiological studies. However, the specific role of visceral obesity on cancer and CVD remains unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a complex and metabolically active tissue, that can produce different adipokines and hormones, responsible for endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. This review explores the potential mechanisms related to VAT that may also be involved in cancer and CVD. In addition, we discuss the shared pharmacological treatments which may reduce the risk of both diseases. This review highlights that chronic inflammation, molecular aspects, metabolic syndrome, secretion of hormones and adiponectin associated to VAT may have synergistic effects and should be further studied in relation to cancer and CVD. Reductions in abdominal and visceral adiposity improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and cytokines, which consequently reduce the risk of CVD and some cancers. Several medications have shown to reduce visceral and/or subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which visceral obesity may cause both cancer and CVD. The role of visceral fat in cancer and CVD is an important area to advance. Public health policies to increase public awareness about VAT's role and ways to manage or prevent it are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Annelisa Silva de Carvalho Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- United Faculty of Campinas, Goiânia 74525-020, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Kliemann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres 76300-000, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ivankiv YI, Oleshchuk OM. Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin supplementation in experimental diabetes. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of melatonin on the immunomodulatory response in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Experiments were performed on male rats (180–200 g), purchased from the Experimental Animal Holding,. Animals were maintained in standard diet conditions. Two pathological states were simulated on male rats: experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Melatonin was introduced from 14 to 23 days of experiment intraperitoneally. Levels of immunoglobulin classes A, M and G (Ig A, M, G), circulating immune complexes (CIC), interleukin 1β (EE), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) were measured.
Results: We demonstrated that melatonin in case of immune hyperactivity, can, provide a suppressive effect and is able to enhance immune reactivity under conditions of its limitation, indicating the immunostimulating activity. Furthermore, we found that administration of melatonin decreased inflammatory responses by mediating the levels of immunomodulatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
Conclusion: Melatonin is a positive regulator of immune system, may be a potential therapeutic agent, it has no reported side effects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Proinflammatory Dietary Intake is Associated with Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Results from the Population-Based Prospective Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041196. [PMID: 32344617 PMCID: PMC7230546 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health challenge throughout the world, although studies on its association with the inflammatory potential of diet are inconsistent. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and the risk of MetS and its components in a Korean population. Data from 157,812 Korean adults (mean age 52.8 years; 53,304 men and 104,508 women with mean follow-up of 7.4 years) collected by members of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study form the basis for this report. DII scores were calculated based on Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire data. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between DII scores and MetS. In women, higher DII scores (pro-inflammatory diet) increased the risk of MetS (hazard ratio [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.69; p for trend ≤ 0.0001) and its five components. A positive association was observed for postmenopausal women, with a 50% higher risk of developing MetS (HRquintile5 v. 1 1.50; 95% CI 1.23–1.83; p for trend = 0.0008) after fully adjusting for potential confounders. Irrespective of the menopausal status of women, higher DII (=Q5) scores were positively associated with all 5 components of MetS (p < 0.05). In men, higher DII scores significantly increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.59 (1.27–1.99); p for trend = 0.0001], elevated waist circumferences [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.28 (1.08–1.52); p for trend = 0.01], and high blood pressure [HR]quintile5 v. 1 1.17 (1.03–1.32); p for trend = 0.05]. These results indicate that diet with pro-inflammatory potential, as represented by higher DII scores, is prospectively associated with increased risk of MetS, and the relationship is stronger in women than in men.
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang C, Chen G, Zhang M, Lu Y, Hua Y, Hu Y, Jin J, Zhou J, Bian Z, Guo Y, Li L, Chen Z, Zhang J. Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese female never smokers: A population-based cohort study. J Diabetes 2020; 12:339-346. [PMID: 31642603 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in female never smokers. METHODS We analyzed 28 177 female participants of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in the Suzhou area, who were never smokers and had no diabetes. ETS exposure was defined as being exposed to other people's tobacco smoke either at home, workplace, or in public places at least 1 d/wk. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association between ETS exposure and incident T2DM according to the frequency and duration of ETS exposure. RESULTS A total of 774 incident cases of T2DM were identified during a median 7.3-year follow-up. Compared with no ETS exposure, hazard ratios (95% CIs) for all ETS exposure, daily, and ≥14 h/wk ETS exposure were 1.17 (1.00-1.37), 1.23 (1.04-1.46), and 1.25 (1.03-1.53), respectively. Moreover, a positive dose-response relationship was observed between ETS exposure level and T2DM (all P <.05 for trend). CONCLUSIONS This prospective study suggests that ETS exposure increases the risk of T2DM incidence with dose-response relationship in female never smokers. Thus, reducing ETS exposure may help decrease the burden of T2DM in Chinese females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Huang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University; Soochow University Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujie Hua
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Jin
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sevastianos VA, Voulgaris TA, Dourakis SP. Hepatitis C, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress: correlations with metabolic diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:27-37. [PMID: 31868062 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1708191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis C chronic infection has long been correlated with numerous systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have also revealed an association with atherosclerosis.Areas covered: An analysis is presented on the mechanisms through which the hepatitis C viral infection can lead to a systemic increase in pro-inflammatory markers, especially tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6. The immunological imbalance created may, through different mechanisms, act on the metabolic pathways that contribute to the development of insulin resistance, the accumulation of lipids in the liver, and even the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, an additional contributing factor to the above-mentioned metabolic derangements is the unopposed oxidative stress observed in chronic hepatitis C viral infection. The virus itself contributes to the formation of oxidative stress, through alterations in the trace metal homeostasis and its effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-a.Expert opinion: The scope of this review is to emphasize the importance of the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C viral infection and to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms behind their emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios A Sevastianos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Outpatient Clinic, "Evangelismos" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros A Voulgaris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Outpatient Clinic, "Evangelismos" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros P Dourakis
- Department of Internal Μedicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens Ippokrateio, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao Q, Chen X, Wu J, Gong L, Hu J, Yang S, Li Q, Wang Z. Optimal Cut-Offs of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference to Identify Obesity in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1899-1909. [PMID: 32581564 PMCID: PMC7278219 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s251574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of general obesity (commonly defined by body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (commonly assessed by waist circumference (WC)) has increased rapidly in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of traditional cut-offs for BMI or WC to identify general or abdominal obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients and propose optimal cut-offs. PATIENTS AND METHODS BMI and WC were obtained from 1539 type 2 diabetic patients. Body fat percentage and visceral fat area measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were set as the gold standard to identify general and abdominal obesity. We assessed the diagnostic power of traditional cut-offs for BMI and WC to define obesity, and analyzed receive operating characteristic (ROC) curves to obtain the optimal cut-offs to identify obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. RESULTS In Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, the optimal BMI was 25 kg/m2 with the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity (men: 74.6% (95% CI: 70.7-78.2%) and 65.1% (95% CI: 59.7-70.3%), AUC 0.78 (95% CI: 0.75-0.81), p<0.05; women: 65.8% (95% CI: 60.3-71.0%) and 80.3% (95% CI: 75.7-84.3%), AUC 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77-0.83), p<0.05) in both genders. The optimal WC was 93 cm in men and 90 cm in women with the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity (men: 87.2% (95% CI: 84.3-89.8%) and 80.2% (95% CI: 74.9-84.8%), AUC 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.92), p<0.05; women: 81.0% (95% CI: 76.9-84.6%) and 88.7% (95% CI: 83.9-92.4%), AUC 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.94), p<0.05). CONCLUSION For the Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, the optimal cut-offs for BMI or WC to identify general or abdominal obesity need to be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilin Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihong Wang Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 023 89011552 Email
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dev R, Bruera E, Dalal S. Insulin resistance and body composition in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2019; 29 Suppl 2:ii18-ii26. [PMID: 29506229 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, weight loss with altered body composition, is a multifactorial syndrome propagated by symptoms that impair caloric intake, tumor byproducts, chronic inflammation, altered metabolism, and hormonal abnormalities. Cachexia is associated with reduced performance status, decreased tolerance to chemotherapy, and increased mortality in cancer patients. Insulin resistance as a consequence of tumor byproducts, chronic inflammation, and endocrine dysfunction has been associated with weight loss in cancer patients. Insulin resistance in cancer patients is characterized by increased hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis, and unlike type 2 diabetes, normal fasting glucose with high, normal or low levels of insulin. Cancer cachexia results in altered body composition with the loss of lean muscle mass with or without the loss of adipose tissue. Alteration in visceral adiposity, accumulation of intramuscular adipose tissue, and secretion of adipocytokines from adipose cells may play a role in promoting the metabolic derangements associated with cachexia including a proinflammatory environment and insulin resistance. Increased production of ghrelin, testosterone deficiency, and low vitamin D levels may also contribute to altered metabolism of glucose. Cancer cachexia cannot be easily reversed by standard nutritional interventions and identifying and treating cachexia at the earliest stage of development is advocated. Experts advocate for multimodal therapy to address symptoms that impact caloric intake, reduce chronic inflammation, and treat metabolic and endocrine derangements, which propagate the loss of weight. Treatment of insulin resistance may be a critical component of multimodal therapy for cancer cachexia and more research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dev
- Department of Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - E Bruera
- Department of Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Dalal
- Department of Symptom Control & Palliative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adinolfi LE, Jacobson I, Bondin M, Cacoub P. Expert opinion on managing chronic HCV infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Antivir Ther 2019; 23:11-21. [PMID: 30451154 DOI: 10.3851/imp3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as an extrahepatic manifestation of chronic HCV infection. Conversely, in the context of chronic HCV infection, T2DM can accelerate the course of HCV-induced liver disease leading to increased risk of fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of T2DM negatively impacts the efficacy of interferon-based antiviral therapy, but real-world data with high-efficacy direct-acting antiviral therapies suggest high viral clearance rates in T2DM patients. In HCV-infected individuals, viral eradication is associated with a reduced risk of de novo T2DM in non-diabetic patients and beneficial metabolic changes in patients with T2DM, highlighting the importance of antiviral treatment and physician awareness of this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Patrice Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sha H, Zeng H, Zhao J, Jin H. Mangiferin ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus-induced placental oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves fetal outcomes in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172522. [PMID: 31276667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary form of diabetes during pregnancy, which causes maternal diabetic symptoms and abnormal fetal development, and influence the health of maternal-child in clinical practice. Mangiferin is a bioactive ingredient with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress activities. In current study, the effects of mangiferin on GDM were evaluated. We reported that mangiferin greatly improved altered glucose and lipid profile, insulin tolerance, and reproductive outcomes of the GDM mice. Mangiferin ameliorated placental oxidative stress, inflammation and ER stress in GDM mice. Therefore, we demonstrated that mangiferin displayed protective effects on gestational diabetes mellitus symptoms by suppressing placental oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in GDM mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Huirong Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze, 274000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tian Y, Shang Y, Guo R, Chang Y, Jiang Y. Salinity stress-induced differentially expressed miRNAs and target genes in sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:719-733. [PMID: 31134533 PMCID: PMC6657415 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental salinity is an important abiotic factor influencing normal physiological functions and productive performance in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. It is therefore important to understand how changes in salinity affect sea cucumbers in the face of global climate change. In this study, we investigated the responses to salinity stress in sea cucumbers using mRNA and miRNA sequencing. The regulatory network of mRNAs and miRNAs involved in salinity stress was examined, and the metabolic pathways enriched for differentially expressed miRNAs and target mRNAs were identified. The top 20 pathways were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, degradation, and elongation, amino acid metabolism, genetic information processing, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, transport and catabolism, and environmental information processing. A total of 22 miRNAs showed differential expression during salinity acclimation. The predicted 134 target genes were enriched in functions consistent with the results of gene enrichment based on transcriptome analysis. These results suggested that sea cucumbers deal with salinity stress via changes in amino acid metabolism, ion channels, transporters, and aquaporins, under stimulation by environmental signals, and that this process requires energy from carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. Salinity challenge also induced miRNA expression. These results provide a valuable genomic resource that extends our understanding of the unique biological characteristics of this economically important species under conditions of salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yanpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ran Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Heishijiao Street, No. 52, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chayaratanasin P, Caobi A, Suparpprom C, Saenset S, Pasukamonset P, Suanpairintr N, Barbieri MA, Adisakwattana S. Clitoria ternatea Flower Petal Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Gene Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101894. [PMID: 31108834 PMCID: PMC6571662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea (commonly known as blue pea) flower petal extract (CTE) is used as a natural colorant in a variety of foods and beverages. The objective of study was to determine the inhibitory effect of CTE on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The phytochemical profiles of CTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anti-adipogenesis effect of CTE was measured by using Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell cycle studies were performed by flow cytometry. Lipolysis experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay kit. In early stages, CTE demonstrated anti-adipogenic effects through inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle retardation by suppressing expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The results also showed that CTE inhibited the late stage of differentiation through diminishing expression of adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα. The inhibitory action was subsequently attenuated in downregulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, causing the reduction of TG accumulation. In addition, CTE also enhanced catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. These results suggest that CTE effectively attenuates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression and downregulating adipogenic gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poramin Chayaratanasin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Program in Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Allen Caobi
- Department of Biological sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Chaturong Suparpprom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Saenset
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Porntip Pasukamonset
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen L, Fan X, Lin X, Qian L, Zengin G, Delmas D, Paoli P, Teng H, Xiao J. Phenolic Extract from Sonchus oleraceus L. Protects Diabetes-related Liver Injury in Rats through TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.191018.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
41
|
Tans R, Verschuren L, Wessels HJCT, Bakker SJL, Tack CJ, Gloerich J, van Gool AJ. The future of protein biomarker research in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:105-115. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1551134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roel Tans
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. C. T. Wessels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain J. van Gool
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hussain SA, Utba RM, Assumaidaee AM. Effects of Azilsartan, Aliskiren or their Combination on High Fat Diet-induced Non-alcoholic Liver Disease Model in Rats. Med Arch 2018; 71:251-255. [PMID: 28974844 PMCID: PMC5585811 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.251-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In addition to its role in regulation of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components were expressed in many other tissues suggesting potential roles in their functions. AIM The present study aims to evaluate the protective effect aliskiren, when used alone or in combination with azilsartan against high fat diet-induced liver disease in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two Wistar male rats, weighing 150-200 gm were allocated evenly into four groups and treated as follow: group I, rats were fed a specially formulated high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce non-alcoholic liver disease and considered as control group; groups II, III and IV, the rats were administered azilsartan (0.5 mg/kg), aliskiren (25 mg/kg) or their combination orally via gavage tube once daily, and maintained on high fat diet for 8 weeks. The possible treatment outcome was evaluated through measuring serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, TNF-α, IL-1β and liver enzymes. Additionally, the liver tissue contents of glycogen and lipids and histological changes were also evaluated. RESULT The results showed that azilsartan significantly improves the studied markers greater than aliskiren, and their combination o has no additive or synergistic effects on the activity of each one of them. CONCLUSION Both azilsartan and aliskiren protects the rats against high-fat diet induced NAFLD with predominant effects for the former, and their combination showed no beneficial synergistic or additive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabab Mohammed Utba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jeon HJ, Ku EJ, Oh TK. Dapagliflozin improves blood glucose in diabetes on triple oral hypoglycemic agents having inadequate glucose control. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:188-194. [PMID: 29807104 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a combination drug therapy that consists of dapagliflozin with three other oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) would have a beneficial safety and efficacy profile in T2DM patients who have uncontrolled glucose levels compared to a treatment regimen that contains of basal insulin with two different OHAs. METHODS A total of 162 type 2 diabetic patients who are unable to control glucose on their current therapy consisting of 3 OHAs were enrolled in dapagliflozin group and 148 patients in insulin glargine group for the 24-week study period. RESULTS The mean changes in HbA1c level were comparable as -0.97 ± 1.29% in dapagliflozin group and -0.95 ± 1.41% in insulin glargine group (p = 0.911). Also, the fasting plasma glucose or post-prandial 2 h glucose were comparably decreased in dapagliflozin or insulin glargine. In terms of the body-weight, there was a significant decrease of -2.36 ± 0.51 kg following treatment of dapagliflozin, whereas the increment of 1.93 ± 0.49 kg was in insulin glargine (p < 0.001). In terms of adverse events, hypoglycemic events were higher in insulin glargine rather than dapagliflozin (15.1% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the addition of dapagliflozin to an existing drug regimen consisting of three different OHAs in patients exhibiting inadequate blood glucose control could be alternate treatment modality in T2D who hesitate to initiate insulin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju Si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sudharshana Murthy KA, Bhandiwada A, Chandan SL, Gowda SL, Sindhusree G. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Correlation with Pregnancy Outcome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:79-84. [PMID: 29535942 PMCID: PMC5838917 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_232_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India is increasing. In addition to performing physiological role in fetoplacental unit during pregnancy, cytokines also play pathophysiological role if expressed in abnormal amounts or sites. OBJECTIVE To estimate Proinflammatory Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and anti-oxidants Glutathione Peroxidase (GTX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid and Bilirubin levels in GDM and correlate with pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Pregnant women were screened for GDM using Diabetes In Pregnancy Study group, India criteria. The subjects with elevated glucose were grouped into cases (n = 30) and with normal values were taken as controls (n = 30). Mean Uric acid in cases was 4.53 ± 1.2 mg% whereas in controls 3.13 ± 0.58 mg%, mean TNF-α among cases was 6.06 ± 3.6 pg/ml and controls 2.81 ± 1.03 pg/ml. Antioxidants SOD and GTX were markedly decreased with mean value of 4979.21 ± 1006.3 and 13.68 ± 1.5 in cases and 9625.10 ± 1074.1 and 15.86 ± 1.2 in controls. Cytokines IL-6 (2.96 + 1.37 vs 2.88 + 1.21) and IL-8 (7.76 + 3.86 vs 2.60 + 1.45) were increased in subjects with GDM. Those with GDM developed preeclampsia (5%), Preterm labour (2%) and Polyhydromnios (5%). Foetal complications Macrosomia (13.3%) and intra uterine death (3.3%) were observed in GDM mothers. The proinflammatory cytokine levels except IL-6 were significantly increased and antioxidant markers were significantly reduced in GDM group with maternal and foetal complications. CONCLUSION GDM worsens the oxidative stress and weakens anti-oxidant state. Uric acid, TNF-α and IL-8 were higher with foeto-maternal complications in GDM. Serum bilirubin, GTX and SOD is significantly lower in foeto-maternal complications. TNF-α significantly associated with preeclampsia in GDM mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambarisha Bhandiwada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivani L. Chandan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Surakshith L. Gowda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - G. Sindhusree
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guzyk MM, Dyakun K, Yanytska LV, Pryvrotska IB, Krynytska IY, Pishel’ IM, Kuchmerovska TM. Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase-1 as Agents Providing Correction of Brain Dysfunctions Induced by Experimental Diabetes. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-017-9672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
46
|
Dai F, Cai H, Li H, Yang G, Ji BT, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Shu XO. Association of sleep duration and incidence of diabetes modified by tea consumption: a report from the Shanghai men's health study. Sleep Med 2017; 38:135-141. [PMID: 29031748 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between sleep duration and the incidence of diabetes stratified by sleep-related factors among Chinese men. METHODS This study included 34,825 men who provided information on sleep-related questions in the Shanghai Men's Health Study, a population-based cohort study conducted in Shanghai, China from 2002 to 2011. Participants were excluded who had a history of diabetes or who were diagnosed with diabetes within 2 years of recruitment. Cox regression was employed to evaluate the influence of sleep duration and its interaction with sleep-related factors on diabetes risk. RESULTS A total of 1521 incident cases were documented during a median of 5.6 follow-up years. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.0 (0.9-1.1) and 1.2 (1.0-1.3) for men who slept <7 and ≥8 h per day, respectively, compared with those who slept 7 h per day (ptrend = 0.01). Stratified analyses revealed that the association between sleep duration and risk of diabetes was only statistically significant among current smokers and regular drinkers, never tea drinkers, men with a high body mass index, hypertension or comorbidity, and men who did not work nightshift or who snored. A statistically significant interaction between tea drinking and sleep duration was observed (pinteraction = 0.01). The above association patterns remained when daytime nappers were excluded from the analyses. CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that longer sleep duration, particularly among individuals already exhibiting factors linked to poor quality of sleep, was associated with diabetes. The association between sleep duration and diabetes may be modified by tea drinking, especially in older men or men with more sleep-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Honglan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Erukainure OL, Hafizur RM, Choudhary MI, Adhikari A, Mesaik AM, Atolani O, Banerjee P, Preissner R, Muhammad A, Islam MS. Anti-diabetic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Clerodendrum volubile: protocatechuic acid suppresses phagocytic oxidative burst and modulates inflammatory cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
48
|
Gao X, Salomon C, Freeman DJ. Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue-A Potential Role in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:202. [PMID: 28868048 PMCID: PMC5563356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and its pathological sequelae, such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dysfunction in the adipose tissue response to storing excess fatty acids as triglyceride can lead to adipose tissue inflammation and spillover of fatty acids from this tissue and accumulation of fatty acids as lipid droplets in ectopic sites, such as liver and muscle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from adipocytes and have been proposed to be involved in adipocyte/macrophage cross talk and to affect insulin signaling and transforming growth factor β expression in liver cells leading to metabolic disease. Furthermore EV produced by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) can promote angiogenesis and cancer cell migration and have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. ADSC EVs have therapeutic potential in vascular and neurodegenerative disease and may also be used to target specific functional miRNAs to cells. Obesity is associated with an increase in adipose-derived EV which may be related to the metabolic complications of obesity. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of EV produced by adipose tissue and the potential impact of adipose tissue-derived EV on metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dilys J. Freeman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dilys J. Freeman,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
DHL-HisZn, a novel antioxidant, enhances adipogenic differentiation and antioxidative response in adipose-derived stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1601-1609. [PMID: 27825800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into specific mesenchymal cell lineages including adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, rather than an excess of adipose tissue, has been proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. The insulin-sensitizing effects of antidiabetic drugs are mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Here, we investigated the effects of sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide (DHL-HisZn), a strong antioxidant, on PPARγ activation, adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, the effects of DHL-HisZn on cellular antioxidant response and inflammatory cytokine production were also evaluated. In ASCs, DHL-HisZn enhanced adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner. DHL-HisZn also increased the relative abundance of insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and adiponectin mRNA. Furthermore, DHL-HisZn upregulated PPARγ downstream target gene expression. In addition, treatment with DHL-HisZn upregulated mRNA levels of endogenous antioxidants, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). DHL-HisZn treatment enhanced insulin signaling and inhibited NF-κB activation, which subsequently suppressed inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression. Our results indicate that DHL-HisZn enhances insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by increasing the expression of GLUT4 and IRS-1 via the activation of PPARγ and improving the antioxidant response during adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, DHL-HisZn may have the capability to reduce insulin resistance.
Collapse
|