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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366946. [PMID: 38746011 PMCID: PMC11091304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome. Methods This scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility. Results We identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study's outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Conclusion The current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Abdulghani MF, Al-Fayyadh S. Natural products for managing metabolic syndrome: a scoping review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1366946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome comprises a collection of metabolic disorders stemming from factors like genetic predisposition, inadequate nutrition, stress, decreased physical activity, aging, and ethnicity. Although traditional pharmaceutical treatments exist for metabolic syndrome, their limited popularity is attributed to high costs and adverse effects. Consequently, natural products with fewer side effects have been explored for managing this condition. This literature review aims to explore the role of natural products including herbs, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and dietary supplements in managing metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in five steps, involving the formulation of a research question, the retrieval and extraction of relevant studies, the selection of pertinent studies, the organization of information into tables, and the reporting of results. Data was collected from various databases including Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, with a focus on studies published from 2010 to the present, available in English and with full-text accessibility.ResultsWe identified 1,259 articles, screened their titles, abstracts, and full texts, ultimately incorporating 169 pertinent articles into this review (comprising 90 review articles, 32 trial articles, 6 in vitro articles, 38 in vivo articles, 1 experimental article and 2 observational articles). The study’s outcomes revealed that natural products, encompassing plants and their derivatives, vitamins and supplements, as well as probiotics, can exert a beneficial influence on metabolic syndrome by regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lipid profiles, obesity, and abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels.ConclusionThe current study underscores the significance of natural products in addressing metabolic syndrome. Consequently, it is advisable to conduct further extensive research to assess the efficacy of these products, potentially integrating them into treatment regimens for individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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He Q, Zheng Q, Diao H, Li M, Zhu Q, Fang F, Cui W. The role of body mass index on the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and hyperuricemia: a mediation analysis based on NHANES (2007-2016). Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:339-345. [PMID: 37989765 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) is related to both body mass index (BMI) and hyperuricemia. However, the association among BMI, hyperuricemia and DII is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of BMI in the relationship between E-DII and hyperuricemia in the American population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2016, with a sample size of 10,571 participants. The study used a weighted logistic regression model and a generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the associations among BMI, hyperuricemia and E-DII. Furthermore, mediation analysis was utilized to illustrate the mediating relationships among these variables. RESULTS The results of the study indicated that a higher E-DII was related to an increased risk of hyperuricemia. The association between E-DII and hyperuricemia was partially mediated by BMI. CONCLUSIONS E-DII is associated with hyperuricemia. BMI mediates the relationship between E-DII and hyperuricemia among Americans, which provides crucial information for the prevention of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhao Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Houze Diao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
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Mio K, Iida-Tanaka N, Togo-Ohno M, Tadenuma N, Yamanaka C, Aoe S. Barley consumption under a high-fat diet suppresses lipogenic genes through altered intestinal bile acid composition. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109547. [PMID: 38081474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether barley flour consumption in a high-fat environment affects lipid metabolism through signals mediated by bile acids. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cellulose (HC) or β-glucan-rich barley flour (HB) for 12 weeks. Bile acid composition in the intestinal tract and feces was measured by GC/MS. Gene expression levels involved in bile acid metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract were determined by RT-PCR. Similar parameters were measured in mice treated with antibiotics (antibiotics-cellulose [AC] and antibiotics-barley [AB]) to reduce the activity of intestinal bacteria. The Results showed that the HB group had lower liver blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the HC group. The HB group showed a significant decrease in primary bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract compared to the HC group. On the other hand, the concentration of secondary bile acids relatively increased in the cecum and feces. In the liver, Fxr activation suppressed gene expression levels in synthesizing bile acids and lipids. Furthermore, in the gastrointestinal tract, Tgr5 was activated by increased secondary bile acids. Correspondingly, AMP levels were increased in the HB group compared to the HC group, AMPK was phosphorylated in the liver, and gene expression involved in lipid synthesis was downregulated. A comparison of the AC and AB groups treated with antibiotics did not confirm these effects of barley intake. In summary, our results suggest that the prevention of lipid accumulation by barley consumption involves signaling through changes in bile acid composition in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Togo-Ohno
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tadenuma
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yamanaka
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Oncel S, Safratowich BD, Lindlauf JE, Liu Z, Palmer DG, Briske-Anderson M, Zeng H. Efficacy of Butyrate to Inhibit Colonic Cancer Cell Growth Is Cell Type-Specific and Apoptosis-Dependent. Nutrients 2024; 16:529. [PMID: 38398853 PMCID: PMC10892417 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing dietary fiber consumption is linked to lower colon cancer incidence, and this anticancer effect is tied to elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate) because of the fermentation of fiber by colonic bacteria. While butyrate inhibits cancer cell proliferation, the impact on cancer cell type remains largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that butyrate displays different inhibitory potentials due to cancer cell type, we determined half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of butyrate in HCT116, HT-29, and Caco-2 human colon cancer cell proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 h. The IC50 (mM) butyrate concentrations of HCT116, HT-29, and Caco-2 cells were [24 h, 1.14; 48 h, 0.83; 72 h, 0.86], [24 h, N/D; 48 h, 2.42; 72 h, 2.15], and [24 h, N/D; 48 h, N/D; 72 h, 2.15], respectively. At the molecular level, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and c-Myc survival signals were decreased by (>30%) in HCT116, HT-29, and Caco-2 cells treated with 4 mM butyrate. Conversely, butyrate displayed a stronger potential (>1-fold) for inducing apoptosis and nuclear p21 tumor suppressor in HCT116 cells compared to HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, survival analysis demonstrated that a cohort with high p21 gene expression in their colon tissue significantly increased survival time compared to a low-p21-expression cohort of colon cancer patients. Collectively, the inhibitory efficacy of butyrate is cell type-specific and apoptosis-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Oncel
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Bryan D. Safratowich
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - James E. Lindlauf
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Daniel G. Palmer
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Mary Briske-Anderson
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA; (S.O.); (B.D.S.); (J.E.L.); (D.G.P.); (M.B.-A.)
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Maguolo A, Mazzuca G, Smart CE, Maffeis C. Postprandial glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: potential targets for improvement. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:79-86. [PMID: 37875611 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of therapeutic management of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is to maintain optimal glycemic control to prevent acute and long-term diabetes complications and to enable a good quality of life. Postprandial glycemia makes a substantial contribution to overall glycemic control and variability in diabetes and, despite technological advancements in insulin treatments, optimal postprandial glycemia is difficult to achieve. Several factors influence postprandial blood glucose levels in children and adolescents with T1DM, including nutritional habits and adjustment of insulin doses according to meal composition. Additionally, hormone secretion, enteroendocrine axis dysfunction, altered gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, and physical activity play important roles. Meal-time routines, intake of appropriate ratios of macronutrients, and correct adjustment of the insulin dose for the meal composition have positive impacts on postprandial glycemic variability and long-term cardiometabolic health of the individual with T1DM. Further knowledge in the field is necessary for management of all these factors to be part of routine pediatric diabetes education and clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this report is to review the main factors that influence postprandial blood glucose levels and metabolism, focusing on macronutrients and other nutritional and lifestyle factors, to suggest potential targets for improving postprandial glycemia in the management of children and adolescents with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maguolo
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Mazzuca
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmel E Smart
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zhang Y, Hu J, Zhong Y, Liu S, Liu L, Mu X, Chen C, Yang S, Li G, Zhang D, Huang X, Yang J, Huang X, Bian S, Nie S. Insoluble/soluble fraction ratio determines effects of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and serum metabolites in healthy mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:338-354. [PMID: 38088096 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Both soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) play pivotal roles in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis; whether the effects of the different ratios of IDF and SDF are consistent remains unclear. Consequently, we selected SDFs and IDFs from six representative foods (apple, celery, kale, black fungus, oats, and soybeans) and formulated nine dietary fiber recipes composed of IDF and SDF with a ratio from 1 : 9 to 9 : 1 (NDFR) to compare their impact on microbial effects with healthy mice. We discovered that NDFR treatment decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. The α diversity and relative richness of Parabacteroides and Prevotella at the genus level showed an upward trend along with the ratio of IDF increasing, while the relative abundance of Akkermansia at the genus level and the production of acetic acid and propionic acid exhibited an increased trend along with the ratio of SDF increasing. The relative abundance of Parabacteroides and Prevotella in the I9S1DF group (the ratio of IDF and SDF was 9 : 1) was 1.72 times and 5.92 times higher than that in the I1S9DF group (the ratio of IDF and SDF was 1 : 9), respectively. The relative abundance of Akkermansia in the I1S9DF group was 17.18 times higher than that in the I9S1DF group. Moreover, a high ratio of SDF (SDF reaches 60% or more) enriched the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway; however, a high ratio of IDF (IDF reaches 80% or more) regulated the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These findings are helpful in the development of dietary fiber supplements based on gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Liandi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Xinyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shenji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Guohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Xinru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jinrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shuigen Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Singh S, Shukla A, Sharma S. Overview of Natural Supplements for the Management of Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e061123223235. [PMID: 37933216 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262859231020071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds found in various natural sources, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. These compounds include polyphenols, flavonoids, other antioxidants, fiber, and certain fatty acids. Studies have found that these compounds may improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood sugar levels, and promote weight loss. However, the effects of these compounds can vary depending on the type and amount consumed, as well as individual factors, such as genetics and lifestyle. Nutraceutical substances have multifaceted therapeutic advantages, and they have been reported to have disease-prevention and health-promoting properties. Several clinically used nutraceuticals have been shown to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and their complications and modulate various clinical outcomes favorably. This review aims to highlight and comment on some of the most prominent natural components used as antidiabetics and in managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Arpit Shukla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Shiwangi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
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Ni J, Shangguan Y, Jiang L, He C, Ma Y, Xiong H. Pomelo peel dietary fiber ameliorates alterations in obesity-related features and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100993. [PMID: 38144811 PMCID: PMC10740135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomelo peel has abundance of dietary fiber and various biological activities but is often discarded as waste. This study evaluated the biological activities of pomelo peel dietary fiber (PPDF) in preventing obesity and regulating intestinal microbiota in obese mouse model induced using a high-fat diet (HFD). As for the composition, the prepared PPDF contained 89.64% of total dietary fiber, 53.27% of insoluble dietary fiber, and 36.37% of soluble dietary fiber. PPDF treatment significantly reduced weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver and epididymal tissues of obese mice; significantly alleviated HFD-induced dyslipidemia; and restored the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein--cholesterol to control levels, and the PPDF 5% dose restored total cholesterol to the control level. Furthermore, PPDF ameliorated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing intestinal microbial diversity, decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increasing beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Lactobacillus), and decreasing harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium_1). This study provided a new idea to use PPDF as functional food to prevent obesity, alleviate dyslipidemia, or a potential probiotic to ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuchen Shangguan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Jiangle County Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Sanming 353300, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Xiamen Municipal Southern Ocean Testing Co., L, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanbo He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hejian Xiong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Nikrad N, Hosseini B, Pakmehr A, Tousi AZ, Ardekani AM, Farhangi MA, Akhavan-Sigari R. Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 37568117 PMCID: PMC10416415 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, is a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Considering the previous evidence of the association between carbohydrate quality and cardiometabolic risk factors, our study was aimed to evaluate any possible association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 336 apparently healthy individuals with obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), including 168 food items validated for the Iranian population. CQI was calculated with three components of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates ratio, dietary fiber intake, and dietary glycemic index (GI). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and enzymatic methods were used to evaluate serum lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. RESULTS Subjects in the third quartile of CQI had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.01). Participants in the higher quartiles of CQI had more intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and mono-saturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the second quartile of CQI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.146, P = 0.01) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, physical activity, socioeconomic status (SES) and energy intake. CONCLUSION According to our findings, a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates, determined by CQI, could be associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Nikrad
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azin Pakmehr
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayda Zahiri Tousi
- Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Tsitsou S, Athanasaki C, Dimitriadis G, Papakonstantinou E. Acute Effects of Dietary Fiber in Starchy Foods on Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Crossover Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102383. [PMID: 37242267 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) consumption has been associated with improved glycemic control in epidemiological and long-term interventional studies. However, its acute effects are not yet clear. This systematic review aims to elucidate the postprandial effects of DF in starchy products on glycemia and insulinemia. An electronic search of databases was conducted, and forty-one records met the inclusion criteria and underwent a risk-of-bias assessment. It was shown that soluble DF does not clearly affect glycemia in individuals with normal weight, while resistant starch may be more effective in flattening glycemic responses. Concerning insulinemia, both soluble DF and resistant starch have mixed results, with either favorable or no effects. Data on insoluble DF and glucose metabolism are scarce. The same mixed results for glycemia can be seen in healthy volunteers with overweight/obesity, while resistant starch seems to improve insulinemic responses. Finally, more studies need to examine the acute effects of DF in starchy foods on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in individuals facing glucose abnormalities. Additionally, more studies are needed to prove whether ingesting high-fiber carbohydrate-containing products per se can result in blunted glycemic and insulinemic responses and which DF type and amount are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsitsou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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12
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Khadem A, Shiraseb F, Mirzababaei A, Noori S, Mirzaei K. Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity phenotypes among Iranian women: a cross sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:84. [PMID: 37076804 PMCID: PMC10114364 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Paradoxes have been found in obesity, including individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO), and diet may be one of the reasons for the creation of these metabolic phenotypes. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of the Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHOW/O) phenotypes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 229 overweight and obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 18-48 years were examined. Anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters were collected from all participants. The body composition of each participant was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA). The MIND diet score was determined based on 15 components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items. Karelis criteria was used to determine metabolically healthy/unhealthy phenotype (MH/MUH). RESULTS Among the participants, 72.5% of individuals were identified as MUH and 27.5% as MH, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 36.16 (8.33) years. The results of our analysis showed that after controlling for age, energy intake, BMI, and physical activity, there was no significant association observed between overweight/obesity phenotypes with tertile 2 (T2) (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.86-4.17, P-value = 0.10), T3 (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 0.86-4.17, P-value = 0.11) of MIND score, and only the odds of MUH relative to MH with a marginal significant decreasing trend was observed from the second to the third tertile (1.89 vs. 2.01) (P - trend = 0.06). Also, after additional adjustment for marital status, the nonsignificant association between overweight/obesity phenotypes with tertile 2 (T2) (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 0.89-5.10, P-value = 0.08), T3 (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 0.83-4.23, P-value = 0.12) of MIND score remained, and the odds of MUH relative to MH with a significant decreasing trend was observed with increasing tertiles (P-trend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, no significant associations were found between adherence to MIND diet with MUH, and only a significant downward trend in the odds of MUH was observed with increasing tertiles. We suggest further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Anachad O, Taouil A, Taha W, Bennis F, Chegdani F. The Implication of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Obesity and Diabetes. Microbiol Insights 2023; 16:11786361231162720. [PMID: 36994236 PMCID: PMC10041598 DOI: 10.1177/11786361231162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from the gut microbiota play crucial roles in host metabolism. They contribute to metabolic regulation and energy acquisition of the host by influencing the development of metabolic disorders. This review aims to synthesize recent advances from the literature to investigate the implication of SCFAs in the modulation of obesity and diabetes pathologies. For a better understanding of the relationships between SCFAs and host metabolism, we need to answer some questions: What is the biochemistry of SCFAs, and how they are generated by gut microbiota? What are the bacteria producing of SCFAs and from which routes? How SCFAs are absorbed and transported in the gut by different mechanisms and receptors? How SCFAs involved in obesity and diabetes pathologies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Anachad
- Oumaima Anachad, Laboratory of Immunology and biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 2693 Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco.
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14
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Zhou X, Pak S, Li D, Dong L, Chen F, Hu X, Ma L. Bamboo Shoots Modulate Gut Microbiota, Eliminate Obesity in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice and Improve Lipid Metabolism. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071380. [PMID: 37048203 PMCID: PMC10093345 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo shoots (BS) have a variety of nutritional benefits; however, their anti-obesity effect and its underlying mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of BS against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut dysbiosis in mice. After 12 weeks of feeding C57BL/6J mice either on a normal or an HFD with or without BS, metabolic indicators, including blood lipids and glucose tolerance, were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics were used to identify alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolic profiling. The results demonstrated that BS supplementation reduced body weight by 30.56%, mitigated liver damage, and improved insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice. In addition, BS increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Norank_f_Muribaculaceae), and reduced levels of harmful bacteria (e.g., Blautia and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia). Finally, BS increased many beneficial fecal metabolites, such as fatty acids and bile acids, which are highly relevant to the altered gut microbiota. Based on the modulatory effect of BS on microbiota composition and gut metabolite levels observed in this study, we suggest that BS may be beneficial in treating obesity and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - SolJu Pak
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daotong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 36193993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers prevent obesity through reduction of hunger and prolongation of satiety. A number of mechanical and endocrine signals from gastrointestinal tract are stimulated by fibers and their fermentation products, reach regions of brain involved in the regulation of appetite, and ultimately reduce food intake. Gastric distention, delayed gastric emptying, prevention of hypoglycemic, increased amounts of unabsorbed nutrients reaching to the ileum, and stimulation of enteroendocrine cells for secretion of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are among mechanisms of fibers in decreasing hunger and prolongation of satiety. Fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids that also stimulates enteroendocrine cells to secrete GLP-1 and PYY. Randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in energy intake and body weight along with increased satiation and reduced hunger following consumption of fibers. Prospective cohort studies have confirmed these results but the extent of weight loss in some studies has been small. Controversies exist between studies particularly for the effect of fibers on the gastrointestinal hormones, subsequent food intake, and the resultant weight loss. More studies are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn especially for the effect of fibers on appetite-related hormones and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Abdullah, Ahmad N, Tian W, Zengliu S, Zou Y, Farooq S, Huang Q, Xiao J. Recent advances in the extraction, chemical composition, therapeutic potential, and delivery of cardamom phytochemicals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1024820. [PMID: 36245491 PMCID: PMC9562589 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals including plant-derived alkaloids, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, phenolics, and phytosterols, are health-promoting bioactive compounds that help in the prevention and mitigation of chronic diseases and microbial infections beyond basic nutrition supply. This article covers recent advances in the extraction, chemical composition, therapeutic potential (nutraceutical and antimicrobial), and delivery of black and green cardamom-derived phytochemicals. In recent years, advance extraction techniques (e.g., enzyme- assisted-, instant controlled pressure drop-, microwave- assisted-, pressurized liquid-, sub- critical-, supercritical fluid-, and ultrasound-assisted extractions) have been applied to obtain phytochemicals from cardamom. The bioactive constituents identification techniques, specifically GC-MS analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate were the principle bioactive components in black and green cardamom. Regarding therapeutic potential, research findings have indicated desirable health properties of cardamom phytochemicals, including antioxidant-, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hypertensive, and gastro-protective effects. Moreover, antimicrobial investigations revealed that cardamom phytochemicals effectively inhibited growth of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), biofilm formation inhibition (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) and bacterial quorum sensing inhibition. Encapsulation and delivery vehicles, including microcapsules, nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanoliposomes were effective strategies to enhance their stability, bioavailability and bioefficacy. In conclusion, cardamom phytochemicals had promising therapeutic potentials (antioxidant and antimicrobial) due to polyphenols, thus could be used as functional additive to increase shelf life, inhibit oxidative rancidity and confer pleasant aroma to commercial edibles as well as mitigate oxidative stress and lifestyle related chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases). A future perspective concerning the fabrication of functional foods, nutraceuticals and antibiotics to promote cardamom phytochemicals applications as biotherapeutic agents at large-scale requires thorough investigations, e.g., optimum dose and physical form of supplementation to obtain maximum health benefits.
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17
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Fatahi S, Sayyari AA, Salehi M, Safa M, Sohouli M, Shidfar F, Santos HO. The effects of chitosan supplementation on anthropometric indicators of obesity, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-regulated hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36064382 PMCID: PMC9442917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chitosan is one of dietary fiber that has received great attention in improving obesity-related markers, but little is known on its effects on adolescents. Objectives To analyze the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity-related cardiometabolic markers and appetite-related hormones in adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods and analysis A randomized clinical trial was performed on 64 adolescents with overweight and obesity, who were randomly allocated to receive chitosan supplementation (n = 32) or placebo as control (n = 32) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, lipid and glycemic profiles, and appetite-related hormones were examined. Results Sixty-one participants completed study (chitosan = 31, placebo = 30). Chitosan supplementation significantly improved anthropometric indicators of obesity (body weight: − 3.58 ± 2.17 kg, waist circumference: − 5.00 ± 3.11 cm, and body mass index: − 1.61 ± 0.99 kg/m2 and − 0.28 ± 0.19 Z-score), lipid (triglycerides: − 5.67 ± 9.24, total cholesterol: − 14.12 ± 13.34, LDL-C: − 7.18 ± 10.16, and HDL-C: 1.83 ± 4.64 mg/dL) and glycemic markers (insulin: − 5.51 ± 7.52 μIU/mL, fasting blood glucose: − 5.77 ± 6.93 mg/dL, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance: − 0.24 ± 0.44), and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin: 1.69 ± 2.13 ng/dL, leptin − 19.40 ± 16.89, and neuropeptide Y: − 41.96 ± 79.34 ng/dL). When compared with the placebo group, chitosan supplementation had greater improvement in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2 and Z-score), waist circumference, as well as insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels. Differences were significant according to P-value < 0.05. Conclusion Chitosan supplementation can improve cardiometabolic parameters (anthropometric indicators of obesity and lipid and glycemic markers) and appetite-related hormones (adiponectin, leptin, and NPY) in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Sayyari
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Popoola-Akinola OO, Raji TJ, Olawoye B. Lignocellulose, dietary fibre, inulin and their potential application in food. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10459. [PMID: 36090233 PMCID: PMC9449745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to food insecurity, lignocellulose, dietary fibre as well as inulin have received wider attention owing to their abundance and being relatively low-cost indigestible polysaccharides. Since the recognition, acceptance of the consumption and utilization of these polysaccharides, as well as their attraction in science and industry has grown tremendously. There have been further researches carried out to ascertain the fact that people who consume or utilize these polysaccharides have low exposure to some fatal life-threatening illnesses. Rich sources of indigestible polysaccharides such as vegetables, cereals, fruits and nuts are beneficial to good health as consuming them reduce the occurrence of degenerating diseases such as colon cancer, heart disease, diabetes, etc. Despite these increasing facts depicting their advantages in the state of human health, their intake and utilization still fall below the acceptable limit and the knowledge of how they work in the human body are minimal with their explicit actions not easily shown. Hence, this review gives a better understanding of the significance of lignocellulose, dietary fibre and inulin, their functions, classifications, types and applications in the food industry, thereby exposing their various uses as these polycarbohydrates were considered a waste before now.
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19
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Flaxseed Polysaccharide Alters Colonic Gene Expression of Lipid Metabolism and Energy Metabolism in Obese Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131991. [PMID: 35804806 PMCID: PMC9265598 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges. Recently, we found that flaxseed polysaccharides (FPs) had an anti-obesity effect through promoting lipid metabolism, but the obesity-inhibiting pathway of FP is still unclear. In this study, after FP intervention in an obese rat model, a transcriptome study was performed to further investigate how FP intervention alters the gene expression of colonic epithelial tissues (CETs). The results showed that there were 3785 genes differentially expressed due to the FP intervention, namely 374 downregulated and 3411 upregulated genes. After analyzing all the differentially expressed genes, two classical KEGG pathways were found to be related to obesity, namely the PPAR-signaling pathway and energy metabolism, involving genes Fabp1–5, Lpl, Gyk, Qqp7, Pparg, Rxrg, Acsl1, Acsl4, Acsl6, Cpt1c, Car1–4, Ca5b, Car8, Car12–14, Cps1, Ndufa4l2, Cox6b2, Atp6v1g2, Ndufa4l2 and Cox4i2. QRT-PCR results showed a consistent expression trend. Our results indicate that FP promotes lipid metabolism by changing the expression of some key genes of CETs, thus inhibiting obesity.
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Impacts of Pretreatment Techniques on the Quality of Tuber Flours. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:9323694. [PMID: 35795013 PMCID: PMC9252694 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9323694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides dietary sources of energy, roots and tuber crops can also serve as functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients to be explored in disease risk reduction and wellness. However, they are easily spoiled because of their high moisture contents and enzymatic reactions. Therefore, this review aimed at gathering information on the effects of various pretreatment methods on the quality of tuber crops before converting them into flour. Studies reported by different scholars showed that there were significant differences in physicochemical and functional properties between untreated tuber and the treated tuber samples. The review also highlighted that the chemical treatment methods, particularly sulfite treatment, could increase the lightness value of the flour. In addition, blanching could induce a decrease in protein, ash, and fat. Despite this, blanching pretreatment techniques increased moisture and carbohydrate content. Chemical treatment increases the ash content, which might be responsible for chemical diffusion into the sample. The reviewed results showed that the application of different pretreatments on tuber crops significantly improves many quality characteristics such as color, fiber content, carbohydrate, and the functional properties used for value addition during food product development in the industry. Therefore, application of pretreatment methods particularly chemical treatments could enhance nutritional value, and functional and physical properties of tuber flours.
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21
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Evidence-Based and Emerging Dietary Approaches to Upper Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:965-972. [PMID: 35417429 PMCID: PMC9169754 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Food ingestion is a major symptom trigger in functional esophageal and gastroduodenal disorders and gastroparesis. This review summarizes current knowledge and identifies areas of research on the role of food factors and the opportunities for dietary intervention in these disorders. While many patients experiencing functional esophageal and gastroduodenal disorders identify specific food items as symptom triggers, available data do not allow the identification of specific nutrient groups that are more likely to induce symptoms. In functional dyspepsia (FD), recent studies have shown the potential efficacy of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, although the underlying mechanism of action is unclear. Reports of favorable responses to gluten elimination in patients with FD are confounded by the concomitant benefit of reduced intake of fructans, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols present in wheat. Emerging data based on a 6-food elimination diet and confocal laser endomicroscopic evaluation of mucosal responses to food proteins suggest a role for duodenal allergic reactions in FD symptom generation. In patients with gastroparesis, a low-residue diet has been shown to improve symptoms. Novel dietary approaches under evaluation are the Mediterranean diet and the heating/cooling diet approach.
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22
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Glucocorticosteroids and the Risk of NAFLD in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:4344905. [PMID: 35600209 PMCID: PMC9117063 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4344905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease increases. NAFLD is a chronic disease. One of the most common causes of NAFLD is an inadequate lifestyle, which is characterized by a lack or low physical activity and eating highly processed foods rich in saturated fat and salt and containing low amount of fiber. Moreover, disturbances in intestinal microbiome and the use of certain drugs may predispose to NAFLD. NAFLD is an increasingly described disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data also indicate a frequent coexistence of metabolic syndrome in this group of patients. Certain groups of drugs also increase the risk of developing inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Particularly important in the development of NAFLD are steroids, which are used in the treatment of many diseases, for example, IBD. NAFLD is one of the most frequent parenteral manifestations of the disease in IBD patients. However, there is still insufficient information on what dose and exposure time of selected types of steroids may lead to the development of NAFLD. It is necessary to conduct further research in this direction. Therefore, patients with IBD should be constantly monitored for risk factors for the development of NAFLD.
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Aldubayan MA, Pigsborg K, Gormsen SMO, Serra F, Palou M, Mena P, Wetzels M, Calleja A, Caimari A, Del Bas J, Gutierrez B, Magkos F, Hjorth MF. Empowering consumers to PREVENT diet-related diseases through OMICS sciences (PREVENTOMICS): protocol for a parallel double-blinded randomised intervention trial to investigate biomarker-based nutrition plans for weight loss. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051285. [PMID: 35351696 PMCID: PMC8966553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personalised nutrition holds immense potential over conventional one-size-fits-all approaches for preventing and treating diet-related diseases, such as obesity. The current study aims to examine whether a personalised nutritional plan produces more favourable health outcomes than a standard approach based on general dietary recommendations in subjects with overweight or obesity and elevated waist circumference. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This project is a 10-week parallel, double-blinded randomised intervention trial. We plan to include 100 adults aged 18-65 years interested in losing weight, with body mass index ≥27 but<40 kg/m2 and elevated waist circumference (males >94 cm; females >80 cm). Participants will be categorised into one of five predefined 'clusters' based on their individual metabolic biomarker profile and genetic background, and will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: (1) personalised plan group that will receive cluster-specific meals every day for 6 days a week, in conjunction with a personalised behavioural change programme via electronic push notifications; or (2) control group that will receive meals following the general dietary recommendations in conjunction with generic health behaviour prompts. The primary outcome is the difference between groups (personalised vs control) in the change in fat mass from baseline. Secondary outcomes include changes in weight and body composition, fasting blood glucose and insulin, lipid profile, adipokines, inflammatory biomarkers, and blood pressure. Other outcomes involve measures of physical activity and sleep patterns, health-related quality of life, dietary intake, eating behaviour, and biomarkers of food intake. The effect of the intervention on the primary outcome will be analysed by means of linear mixed models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media outlets. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04590989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Adnan Aldubayan
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology - NUO group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, Alimentómica S.L, Palma, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology - NUO group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Spin-off n.1 of the University of the Balearic Islands, Alimentómica S.L, Palma, Spain
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Antoni Caimari
- Biotechnology Area, Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Del Bas
- Biotechnology Area, Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Spain
| | - Biotza Gutierrez
- Biotechnology Area, Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Spain
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Healthy Weight Center, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
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24
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The Impact of Waxy Wheat Flour, Inulin and Guar Gum on Post-Prandial Glycaemic and Satiety Indices, Sensory Attributes and Shelf Life of Tandoori and Pita Breads. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop two different functional breads (Pita and Tandoori) supplemented with novel functional ingredients: waxy wheat flour (15%), inulin (8%) and guar gum (2%) independently and in combination. The breads were submitted to sensory characteristics, shelf life, glycaemic and satiety indices assessments. Both guar gum and inulin independently and in combination significantly (p < 0.05) decreased post-prandial blood glucose and glycemic response of Pita (GI of guar gum bread was 55%, inulin 57%) and Tandoori (GI of guar gum bread was 57% and inulin bread was 60%) compared to the control breads (GI 100%). Moreover, the results of the area under the curve of satiety showed that the addition of functional ingredients increased satiety levels as follows: for Pita, control was 355, a combination of all ingredients was 418, inulin was 451 and guar gum was 452; for Tandoori, control was 329, a combination of all ingredients was 420, inulin was 381 and guar gum was 390. The results showed that all sensory characteristics were improved, and breads were acceptable (all obtained more than five points) when the highest proportions of ingredients were added. Similarly, the shelf life of supplemented Pita and Tandoori breads was improved with the addition of ingredients. Therefore, the functional ingredients such as inulin and guar gum can be used independently and in combination to reduce GI and increase satiety of Pita and Tandoori bread with acceptable quality and shelf life.
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Wright ADG, Cai J, Tian G, Mao X. Differential Effect of Dietary Fibers in Intestinal Health of Growing Pigs: Outcomes in the Gut Microbiota and Immune-Related Indexes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:843045. [PMID: 35273589 PMCID: PMC8902361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary fibers (DFs) have been shown to improve intestinal health in pigs, it is unclear whether this improvement varies according to the type/source of DF. In the current study, we investigated the impact of dietary supplement (15%) of pea-hull fiber (PF), oat bran (OB), and their mixture (MIX, PF, and OB each accounted for 7.5%) in the growth performance as well as intestinal barrier and immunity-related indexes in growing pigs. Twenty-four cross-bred pigs (32.42 ± 1.95 kg) were divided into four groups: CON (basal diet with no additional DF), PF, OB, and MIX. After 56 days of feeding, we found that the growth performance of PF pigs was decreased (p < 0.05) compared with pigs in other groups. Results of real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that the improvement of immune-related indexes (e.g., interleukin 10 [IL-10]) in OB and MIX pigs mainly presented in the ileum, whereas the improvement of intestinal barrier–related indexes (e.g., MUC1 and MUC2) mainly presented in the colon. Whether in the ileum or colon, such improvement of immune function may be dependent on NOD rather than TLR-associated pathways. Amplicon sequencing results showed that PF and MIX pigs shared a similar bacterial community, such as lower abundance of ileal Clostridiaceae and colonic Streptoccocus than that of CON pigs (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that OB and MIX, rather than PF, benefit the intestinal health in growing pigs, and multiple-sourced DF may reduce the adverse effect of single-soured DF on the growth performance and gut microbiota in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Seguido MÁ, Tarradas RM, González-Rámila S, García-Cordero J, Sarriá B, Bravo-Clemente L, Mateos R. Influence of 8-week daily consumption of a new product combining green coffee hydroxycinnamates and beta-glucans on polyphenol bioavailability in subjects with overweight and obesity. Food Funct 2022; 13:1133-1152. [PMID: 35018954 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals based on plant extracts rich in polyphenols, as well as dietary fibres, are new means to fight overweight/obesity and associated diseases. However, to understand the potential effects of polyphenols on health it is critical to study their bioavailability and metabolic fate. Consumption of a green coffee phenolic extract (GCPE) in combination with oat beta-glucan (BG) could affect the pharmacokinetic profile of the main polyphenols present in coffee (hydroxycinnamates). Moreover, the regular intake of the combination could also induce changes. Nine overweight men and women consumed a novel nutraceutical product containing 300 mg of green coffee hydroxycinnamic acids and 2.5 g of BG twice a day for 8 weeks. A pharmacokinetic study was carried out in blood and urine samples taken before (baseline) and at week 8 after the nutraceutical intervention, collecting samples at different times in a 0-24 h interval. Faecal samples were also obtained at 0 and 24 h after the intake of the nutraceutical at baseline and week 8. Phenolic metabolites were analysed by LC-MS-QToF. Results showed that polyphenols were differentially absorbed and extensively metabolized throughout the gastrointestinal tract. An apparent reduction in the excretion of small intestinal metabolites was accompanied by a tendency to increase colonic metabolites after sustained intake (p = 0.052). In conclusion, continued consumption of the GCPE/BG nutraceutical appears to enhance the absorption of hydroxycinnamates by increasing the colonic bioavailability of their derived metabolites compared to baseline, although the regular intake of the nutraceutical did not modify the metabolite profile in any of the biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Seguido
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Tarradas
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana González-Rámila
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquín García-Cordero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Bravo-Clemente
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Liu Y, Ao H, Zheng J, Liang Y, Ren D. Improved functional properties of dietary fiber from
Rosa roxburghii
Tratt residue by steam explosion. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Process and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan‐ping Ao
- Guizhou Hongcai Gather Agriculture Investment Co., Ltd Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Xin Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Process and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya‐xin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Process and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Di‐Feng Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Process and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing People’s Republic of China
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28
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Kim HL, Chung J, Kim KJ, Kim HJ, Seo WW, Jeon KH, Cho I, Park JJ, Lee MH, Suh J, Lim SY, Choi S, Kim SH. Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: Statement From Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS). Korean Circ J 2022; 52:93-109. [PMID: 35128848 PMCID: PMC8819565 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome. Lifestyle modification is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular complications caused by MetS. Here, we would like to review the effects and specific methods of the 6 lifestyle modifications (weight control, smoking cessation, alcohol drinking in moderation, diet control, exercise and physical activity, and cognitive behavioral therapy) and control of blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and blood sugar based on evidence in the management of MetS. With the recent rapid increase in obesity worldwide, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained significant importance. MetS is a cluster of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance. MetS is highly prevalent and strongly associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, putting a great burden on human society. Therefore, it is very important to reduce MetS risk, which can improve patients’ cardiovascular prognosis. The primary and most effective strategy to control each component of MetS is lifestyle change such as losing body weight, keeping regular exercise, adopting a healthy diet, quitting smoking and alcohol drinking in moderation. Many studies have shown that lifestyle modification has improved all components of MetS, and reduces the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, the Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome has summarized specific and practical methods of lifestyle modification in the management of MetS in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Cardiology in Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Won-Woo Seo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Jeon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Iksung Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Joo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jon Suh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang Bucheon Hospital, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Yup Lim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Seonghoon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Delving into the Role of Dietary Fiber in Gluten-Free Bread Formulations: Integrating Fundamental Rheological, Technological, Sensory, and Nutritional Aspects. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidenced relevance of dietary fibers (DF) as functional ingredients shifted the research focus towards their incorporation into gluten-free (GF) bread, aiming to attain the DF contents required for the manifestation of health benefits. Numerous studies addressing the inclusion of DF from diverse sources rendered useful information regarding the role of DF in GF batter’s rheological properties, as well as the end product’s technological and nutritional qualities. The presented comprehensive review aspires to provide insight into the changes in fiber-enriched GF batter’s fundamental rheological properties, and technological, sensory, and nutritional GF bread quality from the insoluble and soluble DF (IDF and SDF) perspective. Different mechanisms for understanding IDF and SDF action on GF batter and bread were discussed. In general, IDF and SDF can enhance, but also diminish, the properties of GF batter and bread, depending on their addition level and the presence of available water in the GF system. However, it was seen that SDF addition provides a more homogenous GF batter structure, leading to bread with higher volumes and softer crumb, compared to IDF. The sensory properties of fiber-enriched GF breads were acceptable in most cases when the inclusion level was up to 7 g/100 g, regardless of the fiber type, enabling the labeling of the bread as a source of fiber.
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30
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Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Aragão GF. Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:709-722. [PMID: 34966938 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. OBJECTIVE To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. DATA SOURCES Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. DATA ANALYSIS A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host's health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciana T Costa
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Quezia D J S Vasconcelos
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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31
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Cui Y, Liao M, Xu A, Chen G, Liu J, Yu X, Li S, Ke X, Tan S, Luo Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Wang D, Zeng F. Association of maternal pre-pregnancy dietary intake with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-22. [PMID: 34666569 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of dietary intake before conception on pregnancy outcomes by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Electronic databases were searched from inception up to August 2021. Overall, 65 studies involving 831 798 participants were included and 38 studies were quantitatively pooled. With regard to maternal outcomes, pre-pregnancy intake of fried food, fast food, red and processed meat, heme iron and a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern was positively associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (all P < 0.05). However, a high dietary fiber intake and folic acid supplementation were negatively associated with GDM risk (both P < 0.05). With regard to neonatal outcomes, maternal caffeine intake before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of spontaneous abortion, while folic acid supplementation had protective effects on total adverse neonatal outcomes, preterm birth, and small-for-gestational age (SGA, all P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were found between adverse pregnancy outcomes (i.e., GDM and SGA) and the pre-pregnancy dietary intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, potato, fish, and carbohydrates and the Healthy Eating Index. Our study suggests that maintaining a healthy diet before conception has significant beneficial effects on pregnancy outcomes.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1989658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Xu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyao Ke
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixian Tan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyan Luo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang W, Yang S, Song S, Zhang J, Jia F. Flammulina velutipes mycorrhizae dietary fiber improves lipid metabolism disorders in obese mice through activating AMPK signaling pathway mediated by gut microbiota. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Therapeutic Potential of Various Plant-Based Fibers to Improve Energy Homeostasis via the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103470. [PMID: 34684471 PMCID: PMC8537956 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is due in part to increased consumption of a Western diet that is low in dietary fiber. Conversely, an increase in fiber supplementation to a diet can have various beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis including weight loss and reduced adiposity. Fibers are extremely diverse in source and composition, such as high-amylose maize, β-glucan, wheat fiber, pectin, inulin-type fructans, and soluble corn fiber. Despite the heterogeneity of dietary fiber, most have been shown to play a role in alleviating obesity-related health issues, mainly by targeting and utilizing the properties of the gut microbiome. Reductions in body weight, adiposity, food intake, and markers of inflammation have all been reported with the consumption of various fibers, making them a promising treatment option for the obesity epidemic. This review will highlight the current findings on different plant-based fibers as a therapeutic dietary supplement to improve energy homeostasis via mechanisms of gut microbiota.
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Li J, Chen R, Chen Y, Zhu D, Wu Z, Chen F, Huang X, Ali Khan B, Al Hennawi HE, Albazee E, Prabahar K, Hou K. The effect of guar gum consumption on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2886-2895. [PMID: 34558350 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1981228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a common encounter in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the current strategies to manage it are still suboptimal. Subsequently, identifying newer molecules with lipid-lowering effects is necessary. A great deal of attention has been given in recent years to fiber supplements, e.g., guar gum. Thus, we screened and evaluated the quality of the evidence regarding the benefits of guar gum supplementation in T2DM and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of this compound on serum lipids in T2DM. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Embase, from the inception of these databases until January 2021. In total, 11 papers were included based on the eligible criteria in our meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the eligible trials demonstrated a significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -20.32 mg/dL, 95% CI: -27.02, -13.62, P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -14.52 mg/dL, 95% CI: -20.69, -8.35, P < 0.001) following guar gum supplementation in T2DM patients. The subgroup analysis based on the dosage (g/day) of this compound revealed that ≥20 g/day of guar gum led to a notable decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD: -12.55 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.72, -1.37, P = 0.02) versus < 20 g/day (WMD: -1.84 mg/dL, 95% CI: -32.18, 28.49, P = 0.90). Guar gum supplementation had no effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 0.66 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.95, 2.28, P = 0.42). Guar gum consumption has lipid-lowering effects when administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is particularly able to reduce TC, LDL-C and TG levels. Further research is however needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rongping Chen
- Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongru Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou City, Guangdong Province
| | - Zezhen Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou City, Guangdong Province
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou City, Guangdong Province
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | | | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk,Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou City, Guangdong Province
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Lua PL, Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F. Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss: A Narrative Review. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211043738. [PMID: 34496677 PMCID: PMC8436299 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211043738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various strategies, overweight and obesity problems are still increasingly prevalent worldwide with serious health outcomes. Consequently, the continuous demand for more effective, safe and acceptable therapies for reducing body weight is also escalating—including complementary and alternative therapies (CATs). The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most commonly- and recently-used CATs, with evaluation of their safety and efficacy for weight loss. Electronic scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed and EBSCO Host were explored for articles that reported CATs for overweight and obesity treatment from 2015 to December 2019. Only systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English were included. Studies whereby CATs were not utilized for reducing body weight were excluded. Eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses and 11 additional RCTs with 765 participants (50.2% overweight and 49.8% obese) related to hypnotherapy, acupuncture and dietary supplements met the inclusion criteria. Their results suggested that spirulina, chitosan, probiotic, EPA + DHA, vitamin D, fiber, and herbal extract supplementation may all provide small reductions in body weight (ranging from 1-10 kg). Interestingly, hypnotherapy and acupuncture reported significantly greater reduction in body weight compared with placebo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Nonetheless, the evidence is still relatively limited and not encouraging to provide a definitive conclusion due to the methodological shortcomings and the presence of adverse events in chitosan and fiber supplementation. Hence, studies of this nature need to be further replicated and improved to corroborate the efficacy and safety of the CATs to combat weight issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Afiedia Roslim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Mansor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Myat Moe Thwe Aung
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farrahdilla Hamzah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
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Abegaz F, Martines ACMF, Vieira-Lara MA, Rios-Morales M, Reijngoud DJ, Wit EC, Bakker BM. Bistability in fatty-acid oxidation resulting from substrate inhibition. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009259. [PMID: 34383741 PMCID: PMC8396765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrated through analytic considerations and numerical studies that the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation can exhibit bistable-hysteresis behavior. In an experimentally validated computational model we identified a specific region in the parameter space in which two distinct stable and one unstable steady state could be attained with different fluxes. The two stable states were referred to as low-flux (disease) and high-flux (healthy) state. By a modular kinetic approach we traced the origin and causes of the bistability back to the distributive kinetics and the conservation of CoA, in particular in the last rounds of the β-oxidation. We then extended the model to investigate various interventions that may confer health benefits by activating the pathway, including (i) activation of the last enzyme MCKAT via its endogenous regulator p46-SHC protein, (ii) addition of a thioesterase (an acyl-CoA hydrolysing enzyme) as a safety valve, and (iii) concomitant activation of a number of upstream and downstream enzymes by short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA), metabolites that are produced from nutritional fibers in the gut. A high concentration of SCFAs, thioesterase activity, and inhibition of the p46Shc protein led to a disappearance of the bistability, leaving only the high-flux state. A better understanding of the switch behavior of the mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation process between a low- and a high-flux state may lead to dietary and pharmacological intervention in the treatment or prevention of obesity and or non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M. F. Martines
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst C. Wit
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Fernandes MR, Rezende KS, Inada AC, Freitas KDC, Filiú WFDO, Cavalheiro LF, Nazário CED, Hiane PA, Croda J, Tatara MB, Souza ASD, Pott A, Guimarães RDCA. High-Fat Diet with Lyophilized Acrocomia aculeata Pulp Increases High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels and Inhibits Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:841-851. [PMID: 34342510 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a relevant health hazard characterized as a chronic noncommunicable disease, with severe comorbidities that cause mortality worldwide. Acrocomia aculeata is a Brazilian palm with edible fruits. Its pulp contains fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), such as oleic acid and carotenoids. In this context, our study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of the lyophilized A. aculeata pulp added at the rates of 1%, 2%, and 4% to a high-fat (HF) diet (rich in saturated fats and cholesterol), for 90 days, in mice. The treatment with 4% pulp induced a significant increase in the biochemical parameters of serum cholesterol HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein) compared with the control. According to the evaluation of the epididymal tissue, the groups treated with A. aculeata pulp exhibited smaller fat deposits compared with the HF diet group. Therefore, we infer that the predominant components in A. aculeata, particularly fibers and MUFAs, promote beneficial effects on health parameters during simultaneous exposure to food rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, typical of the Western diet. This is the first study to correlate the presence of fatty acids from A. aculeata pulp in different proportions added in a HF diet with metabolic and histological parameters in Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ribeiro Fernandes
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Karoline Silva Rezende
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Carla Inada
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Júlio Croda
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bento Tatara
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Albert Schiavetode de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Khoshbin K, Khanna L, Maselli D, Atieh J, Breen-Lyles M, Arndt K, Rhoten D, Dyer RB, Singh RJ, Nayar S, Bjerkness S, Harmsen WS, Busciglio I, Camilleri M. Development and Validation of Test for "Leaky Gut" Small Intestinal and Colonic Permeability Using Sugars in Healthy Adults. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:463-475.e13. [PMID: 33865841 PMCID: PMC8328885 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral monosaccharides and disaccharides are used to measure in vivo human gut permeability through urinary excretion. AIMS The aims were as follows: (1) to obtain normative data on small intestinal and colonic permeability; (2) to assess variance on standard 16 g fiber diet performed twice; (3) to determine whether dietary fiber influences gut permeability measurements; and (4) to present pilot data using 2 selected probes in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). METHODS Sixty healthy female and male adults, age 18-70 years, participated in 3 randomized studies (2 studies on 16.25 g and 1 study on 32.5 g fiber) in otherwise standardized diets. At each test, the following sugars were ingested: 12C-mannitol, 13C-mannitol, rhamnose (monosaccharides), sucralose, and lactulose (disaccharides). Standardized meals were administered from 24 hours before and during 24 hours post-sugars with 3 urine collections: 0-2, 2-8, and 8-24 hours. Sugars were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eighteen patients with IBS-D underwent 24-hour excretion studies after oral 13C-mannitol and lactulose. RESULTS Baseline sugars (>3-fold above lower limits of quantitation) were identified in the 3 studies: 12C-mannitol in all participants; sucralose in 4-8, and rhamnose in 1-3. Median excretions/24 h (percentage of administered dose) for 13C-mannitol, rhamnose, lactulose, and sucralose were ∼30%, ∼15%, 0.32%, and 2.3%, respectively. 13C-mannitol and rhamnose reflected mainly small intestinal permeability. Intraindividual saccharide excretions were consistent, with minor differences with 16.25 g vs 32.5 g fiber diets. Median interindividual coefficient of variation was 76.5% (10-90 percentile: 34.6-111.0). There were no significant effects of sex, age, or body mass index on permeability measurements in health. 13C-mannitol measurements are feasible in IBS-D. CONCLUSIONS Baseline 12C-mannitol excretion precludes its use; 13C-mannitol is the preferred probe for small intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Khoshbin
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lehar Khanna
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Maselli
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Atieh
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Margaret Breen-Lyles
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kayla Arndt
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Deborah Rhoten
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sunita Nayar
- Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sandra Bjerkness
- Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William S Harmsen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Irene Busciglio
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric NeuroscienceTranslational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Mao T, Huang F, Zhu X, Wei D, Chen L. Effects of dietary fiber on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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40
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Effect of Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1231-1239. [PMID: 34165054 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of liver enzymes are the main markers of liver dysfunction. Liver enzymes are the important indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population. Previous randomised clinical trials (RCT) investigated the effects of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as a plant-based diet on features of NAFLD like liver enzymes, but their results are contradictory. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched until December 2020. A total of ten RCT (n 705 participants) evaluating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were included. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size. To evaluate the heterogeneity among the included studies, the Cochran's Q-test and I-squared test were used. The MedDiet significantly reduced AST (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0·38 IU/l; 95 % CI - 0·73, -0·03 IU/l; P = 0·03) and GGT (WMD = -0·16 IU/l; 95 % CI - 0·32, -0·006 IU/l; P = 0·04) but had no significant effect on ALT (WMD = -0·55 IU/l; 95 % CI - 1·25, 0·13 IU/l; P = 0·11). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of MedDiet on AST, GGT and ALT were significantly influenced by removing some studies. There was no publication bias based on Begg's and Egger's tests. Generally, MedDiet can improve liver enzymes. To better conclusion, further RCT investigating the effect of MedDiet on liver enzymes, especially in patients with NAFLD, are still required.
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WITHDRAWN: Anti-digestibility and anti-oxidation properties of propyl gallate complexes of rice starch improved by hot-melt extrusion with twin-screw systems. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Cronin P, Joyce SA, O’Toole PW, O’Connor EM. Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051655. [PMID: 34068353 PMCID: PMC8153313 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated with industrialised nations, and is linked to an increased prevalence of gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The characteristic metabolic parameters of these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as high plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Gut microbial signatures are also altered significantly in these cohorts, suggesting a causative link between diet, microbes and disease. Dietary fibre consumption has been hypothesised to reverse these changes through microbial fermentation and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which improves glucose and lipid parameters in individuals who harbour diseases associated with dysfunctional metabolism. This review article examines how different types of dietary fibre can differentially alter glucose and lipid metabolism through changes in gut microbiota composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
| | - Susan A. Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Eibhlís M. O’Connor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.A.J.); (P.W.O.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Lu L, Chen C, Zhu J, Tang W, Jacobs DR, Shikany JM, Kahe K. Calcium Intake Is Inversely Related to Risk of Obesity among American Young Adults over a 30-Year Follow-Up. J Nutr 2021; 151:2383-2389. [PMID: 33978165 PMCID: PMC8435995 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca) is an essential nutrient that may play an important role in weight maintenance through its involvement in energy or lipid metabolism. However, little is known about the long-term associations of Ca intake with obesity risk. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively examine the association between cumulative Ca intake and the incidence of obesity among American young adults over 30 y of follow-up. METHODS Participants were from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. A total of 4097 of 5115 black and white individuals aged 18-30 y at baseline in 1985-1986 were included in the current analysis. Dietary and supplemental Ca intake was assessed by the validated interview-based CARDIA diet history at baseline and exam years 7 and 20. Incident cases of obesity were identified when BMI was ≥30 kg/m2 for the first time since baseline. A survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and corresponding 95% CIs for obesity incidence during follow-up. RESULTS During a 30-y follow-up (mean ± SD: 20 ± 10 y), 1675 participants developed obesity. Cumulative total Ca intake (dietary plus supplemental Ca) was inversely associated with incidence of obesity in multivariable-adjusted analysis [quintile (Q)5 (highest intake) compared with Q1 (lowest intake): HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.82; P-trend < 0.01]. This inverse association persisted among Ca supplement users (Q5 compared with Q1: HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.70; P-trend < 0.01), but was not seen among nonusers. CONCLUSIONS Following a cohort of Americans from young adulthood to midlife, an inverse association between calcium intake and obesity incidence was observed. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Address correspondence to KK (e-mail: )
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Zou J, Reddivari L, Shi Z, Li S, Wang Y, Bretin A, Ngo VL, Flythe M, Pellizzon M, Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Inulin Fermentable Fiber Ameliorates Type I Diabetes via IL22 and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Experimental Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:983-1000. [PMID: 33940221 PMCID: PMC8346662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nourishment of gut microbiota via consumption of fermentable fiber promotes gut health and guards against metabolic syndrome. In contrast, how dietary fiber impacts type 1 diabetes is less clear. METHODS To examine impact of dietary fibers on development of type 1 diabetes in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced and spontaneous non-obese diabetes (NOD) models, mice were fed grain-based chow (GBC) or compositionally defined diets enriched with a fermentable fiber (inulin) or an insoluble fiber (cellulose). Spontaneous (NOD mice) or STZ-induced (wild-type mice) diabetes was monitored. RESULTS Relative to GBC, low-fiber diets exacerbated STZ-induced diabetes, whereas diets enriched with inulin, but not cellulose, strongly protected against or treated it. Inulin's restoration of glycemic control prevented loss of adipose depots, while reducing food and water consumption. Inulin normalized pancreatic function and markedly enhanced insulin sensitivity. Such amelioration of diabetes was associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and was eliminated by antibiotic administration. Pharmacologic blockade of fermentation reduced inulin's beneficial impact on glycemic control, indicating a role for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Furthermore, inulin's microbiota-dependent anti-diabetic effect associated with SCFA-independent restoration of interleukin 22, which was necessary and sufficient to ameliorate STZ-induced diabetes. Inulin-enriched diets significantly delayed diabetes in NOD mice. CONCLUSIONS Fermentable fiber confers microbiota-dependent increases in SCFA and interleukin 22 that, together, may have potential to prevent and/or treat type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zhenda Shi
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yanling Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alexis Bretin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vu L Ngo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; INSERM, U1016, Team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Suryadiningrat M, Kurniawati DY, Mujiburrahman A, Purnama MTE. Dietary polyvinyl alcohol and alginate nanofibers ameliorate hyperglycemia by reducing insulin and glucose-metabolizing enzyme levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Vet World 2021; 14:847-853. [PMID: 34083930 PMCID: PMC8167530 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.847-853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dietary management and antidiabetic drugs are used as therapies for diabetic patients worldwide. Alginate nanofibers were developed as a digestible food product that provides sufficient calories. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate nanofibers on weight gain, blood glucose levels, and insulin and other serum parameters in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: (C−) Control group, (C+) diabetic rats, (T1) diabetic rats + fasting treatment for 12 h, (T2) diabetic rats + nanofibers ad libitum, (T3) diabetic rats + metformin + nanofibers ad libitum, and (T4) diabetic rats + metformin. All groups were treated for 21 days. Weight gain was evaluated by comparing initial and final weights. Blood glucose levels were evaluated weekly. Serum parameters were also evaluated at the end of the study. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05). Results: The T2, T3, and T4 groups showed a significant increase in weight compared to that of the C+ and T1 groups. The T3 group had the lowest blood glucose level of all groups at the end of the study. In the serum evaluation, the T2 and T3 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the C+ group for the following variables: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In contrast, the T2 group showed a significant decrease compared to the T3 group for aspartate aminotransferase and insulin levels. Conclusion: PVA and alginate nanofibers can modulate obesity, reduce blood glucose levels, and reduce serum levels of insulin, ALT, ALP, GGT, creatinine, TNF-α, and IL-1β in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suryadiningrat
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Devia Yoanita Kurniawati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Agung Mujiburrahman
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Farhadnejad H, Emamat H, Teymoori F, Tangestani H, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmiran P. Role of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from Observational and Interventional Studies. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 34249273 PMCID: PMC8218795 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review was conducted to review the studies investigating the role of dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in prevalence and progression of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children, adolescents, and adults. Methods: Electronic searches for included studies were performed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Cochrane Trial Register, and ISI Web of Science until 30 March 2020. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were fulfilled independently by two reviewers using predefined criteria. Studies were included if they assessed the role of adherence to DASH diet in risk of incidence, prevalence, and development of MetS. Results: Twelve eligible studies (eight observational studies and four clinical trials) were identified. Despite methodological heterogeneity, limited statistical power, and the cross-sectional nature of most of observational studies, greater adherence to DASH diet was associated with reduced risk of MetS. However, results for change in metabolic characteristics based on dietary intervention with DASH diet in some interventional studies were somewhat controversial. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that, based on observational studies, greater adherence to a DASH diet is inversely associated with MetS presence and progression. However, more interventional studies are needed in this regard to clarify the exact effect of DASH diet on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The substantial burden of colorectal cancer and its increasing trend in young adults highlight the importance of dietary and lifestyle modifications for improved cancer prevention and survivorship. In this chapter, we review the cutting-edge evidence for the interplay between diet/lifestyle and the gut microbiota in the incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer. We focus on factors for which there are data supporting their importance for the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer, including excess body weight, fiber, red and processed meat, and coffee. We discuss the potential precision nutrition approaches for modifying and exploiting the gut microbiota for improved cancer prevention and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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48
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Amini MR, Shahinfar H, Djafari F, Sheikhhossein F, Naghshi S, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar S. The association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome in Iranian older adults. Nutr Health 2021; 27:435-444. [PMID: 33626298 DOI: 10.1177/0260106021992672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between plant-based diets indices - an overall plant-based diet index; a healthful plant-based diet index; and an unhealthful plant-based diet index - and metabolic syndrome among Iranian older adults. AIM We aimed to examine the relationship between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 178 older adults (51 men and 127 women), with a mean age of 67.04 (60-83) who were referred to health centers in Tehran, Iran. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We created an overall plant-based diet index, healthful plant-based diet index, and unhealthful plant-based diet index from semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire data. Anthropometric measures were done. RESULTS Our crude model results showed that triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference did not significantly differ between tertiles of plant-based diet index and healthful plant-based diet index; also triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and waist circumference did not significantly differ between tertiles of unhealthful plant-based diet index, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly differed between tertiles of unhealthful plant-based diet index. After adjusting for confounders the results remained non-significant for plant-based diet index but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significant for healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet indices. There was also no significant association between plant-based diet index (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.53-2.33), healthful plant-based diet index (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.39-1.68), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.38-1.72) with metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that plant-based diets are not significantly associated with risk of metabolic syndrome in older adults. To confirm the veracity of these findings, more studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Cain Cc Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, 2706Coventry University, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
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Sousa AA, Renke G, Leal A, Rassi MMB, Feuser CS, Cunha H, Silva FM, Arbex A. Current Evidence Regarding Low-carb Diets for The Metabolic Control of Type-2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e112220188254. [PMID: 33231159 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201123104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The management of diabetes requires a medical nutrition therapy as an essential part of this treatment. There should be no "one-size-fits-all" eating pattern for different patient´s profiles with diabetes. It is clinically complex to suggest an ideal percentage of calories from carbohydrates, protein and lipids recommended for all patients with diabetes. Among the eating patterns that have shown beneficial effects on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes is the lowcarb diet, since the carbohydrate ingestion is viewed as the most important determinant of postprandial glucose and insulin response. In this context, theoretically, it could make sense to reduce the daily amount of carbohydrates ingested, to achieve lower levels of HbA1c. There could be risks associated to this approach. The adherence to a low-carb diet is here also discussed. This narrative review shows on the current evidence for answering these questions regarding low-carb diet as a possible alternative eating pattern for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Andrade Sousa
- Department of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School / AFYA Educational, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Renke
- Department of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School / AFYA Educational, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluysio Leal
- Department of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School / AFYA Educational, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Heber Cunha
- Department of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School / AFYA Educational, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Moraes Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alberto Arbex
- Department of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School / AFYA Educational, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mahdavi A, Mohammadi H, Foshati S, Shokri‐Mashhadi N, Clark CCT, Moafi A, Rouhani MH. Effects of the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile in adolescents with hemophilia: A randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:145-153. [PMID: 33473278 PMCID: PMC7802541 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with hemophilia are an enhanced risk of modifiable cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities. There is currently no nutritional guideline to prevent or manage cardiometabolic risk factors in these patients. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among children with hemophilia. In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 40 children (all male) with hemophilia were randomly allocated to the DASH group (n = 20) or control group (n = 20) for 10 weeks. The intervention group received the DASH diet (50%-55% of energy from carbohydrate, 27%-30% of energy from fat and 16%-18% energy from protein), and the control group received nutritional recommendations based on healthy eating practices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Serum vitamin C was measured as a biomarker of compliance with the DASH diet. Study was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N6). A significant increase in serum vitamin C in the DASH diet group was observed compared to the control group (p = .001), indicating good compliance with the DASH diet. There was a significant reduction in SBP (-0.48 mmHg), DBP (-0.48 mmHg), FBS (-5.86 mg/dl), TC (-16.07 mg/dl), TG (-17.21 mg/dl), and LDL-C (-9.79 mg/dl), and a significant increase in HDL-C (3.39 mg/dl), in the DASH diet group compared with the control group. Adherence to the DASH diet in children with hemophilia yielded beneficial effects in blood pressure, lipid profiles, and FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mahdavi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri‐Mashhadi
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Alireza Moafi
- Pediatric Hematology and OncologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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