1
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Sun F, Peers de Nieuwburgh M, Hubinont C, Debiève F, Colson A. Gene therapy in preeclampsia: the dawn of a new era. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2358761. [PMID: 38817101 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2358761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, affecting an estimated 4 million women annually. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, and it has life-long consequences. The maternal multisystemic symptoms are driven by poor placentation, which causes syncytiotrophoblastic stress and the release of factors into the maternal bloodstream. Amongst them, the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) triggers extensive endothelial dysfunction by acting as a decoy receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the placental growth factor (PGF). Current interventions aim to mitigate hypertension and seizures, but the only definite treatment remains induced delivery. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel therapies to remedy this situation. Notably, CBP-4888, a siRNA drug delivered subcutaneously to knock down sFLT1 expression in the placenta, has recently obtained Fast Track approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is undergoing a phase 1 clinical trial. Such advance highlights a growing interest and significant potential in gene therapy to manage preeclampsia. This review summarizes the advances and prospects of gene therapy in treating placental dysfunction and illustrates crucial challenges and considerations for these emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Sun
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maureen Peers de Nieuwburgh
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neonatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Hubinont
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debiève
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Colson
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Badwal AK, Singh S. A comprehensive review on the current status of CRISPR based clinical trials for rare diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134097. [PMID: 39059527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A considerable fraction of population in the world suffers from rare diseases. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its related Cas proteins offer a modern form of curative gene therapy for treating the rare diseases. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, hereditary angioedema, duchenne muscular dystrophy and Rett syndrome are a few examples of such rare diseases. CRISPR/Cas9, for example, has been used in the treatment of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (Frangoul et al., 2021; Pavani et al., 2021) [1,2]. Neurological diseases such as Huntington's have also been focused in some studies involving CRISPR/Cas (Yang et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2023) [3,4]. Delivery of these biologicals via vector and non vector mediated methods depends on the type of target cells, characteristics of expression, time duration of expression, size of foreign genetic material etc. For instance, retroviruses find their applicability in case of ex vivo delivery in somatic cells due to their ability to integrate in the host genome. These have been successfully used in gene therapy involving X-SCID patients although, incidence of inappropriate activation has been reported. On the other hand, ex vivo gene therapy for β-thalassemia involved use of BB305 lentiviral vector for high level expression of CRISPR biological in HSCs. The efficacy and safety of these biologicals will decide their future application as efficient genome editing tools as they go forward in further stages of human clinical trials. This review focuses on CRISPR/Cas based therapies which are at various stages of clinical trials for treatment of rare diseases and the constraints and ethical issues associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amneet Kaur Badwal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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3
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Kanada M, Gilad AA. Minicircle DNA vectors: A breakthrough in non-viral delivery of CRISPR base editors? MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102275. [PMID: 39176171 PMCID: PMC11338939 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Kanada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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4
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Bolduc V, Sizov K, Brull A, Esposito E, Chen GS, Uapinyoying P, Sarathy A, Johnson KR, Bönnemann CG. Allele-specific CRISPR-Cas9 editing inactivates a single nucleotide variant associated with collagen VI muscular dystrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102269. [PMID: 39171142 PMCID: PMC11338111 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The application of allele-specific gene editing tools can expand the therapeutic options for dominant genetic conditions, either via gene correction or via allelic gene inactivation in situations where haploinsufficiency is tolerated. Here, we used allele-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs (gRNAs) to introduce inactivating frameshifting indels at an SNV in the COL6A1 gene (c.868G>A; G290R), a variant that acts as dominant negative and that is associated with a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy. We expressed SpCas9 along with allele-targeted gRNAs, without providing a repair template, in primary fibroblasts derived from four patients and one control subject. Amplicon deep sequencing for two gRNAs tested showed that single-nucleotide deletions accounted for the majority of indels introduced. While activity of the two gRNAs was greater at the G290R allele, both gRNAs were also active at the wild-type allele. To enhance allele selectivity, we introduced deliberate additional mismatches to one gRNA. One of these optimized gRNAs showed minimal activity at the WT allele, while generating productive edits and improving collagen VI matrix in cultured patient fibroblasts. This study strengthens the potential of gene editing to treat dominant-negative disorders, but also underscores the challenges in achieving allele selectivity with gRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bolduc
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Sizov
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Astrid Brull
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Esposito
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grace S. Chen
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Prech Uapinyoying
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Apurva Sarathy
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kory R. Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carsten G. Bönnemann
- Neurogenetics and Neuromuscular Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Riley JS, Berkowitz CL, Luks VL, Dave A, Cyril-Olutayo MC, Pogoriler J, Flake AW, Abdulmalik O, Peranteau WH. Immune modulation permits tolerance and engraftment in a murine model of late-gestation transplantation. Blood Adv 2024; 8:4523-4538. [PMID: 38941538 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation is an experimental nonmyeloablative therapy with potential applications in hematologic disorders, including sickle cell disease (SCD). Its clinical utility has been limited due to the early acquisition of T-cell immunity beginning at ∼14 weeks gestation, posing significant technical challenges and excluding treatment fetuses evaluated after the first trimester. Using murine neonatal transplantation at 20 days postcoitum (DPC) as a model for late-gestation transplantation (LGT) in humans, we investigated whether immune modulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) could achieve donor-specific tolerance and sustained allogeneic engraftment comparable with that of the early-gestation fetal recipient at 14 DPC. In allogeneic wild-type strain combinations, administration of anti-CD3 mAb with transplantation resulted in transient T-cell depletion followed by central tolerance induction confirmed by donor-specific clonal deletion and skin graft tolerance. Normal immune responses to third-party major histocompatibility complex and viral pathogens were preserved, and graft-versus-host disease did not occur. We further demonstrated the successful application of this approach in the Townes mouse model of SCD. These findings confirm the developing fetal T-cell response as a barrier to LGT and support transient T-cell depletion as a safe and effective immunomodulatory strategy to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Riley
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cara L Berkowitz
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Valerie L Luks
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mojisola C Cyril-Olutayo
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan W Flake
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William H Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Butt H, Tisdale JF. Gene therapies on the horizon for sickle cell disease: a clinician's perspective. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:555-566. [PMID: 39076056 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2386366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disorder that exerts several detrimental health effects on those affected, ultimately resulting in significant morbidity and early mortality. There are millions of individuals globally impacted by this disease. Research in gene therapy has been growing significantly over the past decade, now with two FDA approved products, aiming to find another cure for this complex disease. AREAS COVERED This perspective article aims to provide a clinician's insight into the current landscape of gene therapies, exploring the novel approaches, clinical advances, and potential impact on the management and prognosis of SCD. A comprehensive literature search encompassing databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar was employed. The search covered literature published from 1980 to 2024, focusing on SCD and curative therapy. EXPERT OPINION After careful evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with the use of gene therapy for affected patients, the need for a cure outweighs the risks associated with treatment in most cases of SCD. With advances in current technologies, gene therapies can increase access to cures for patients with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Butt
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Musallam KM, Sheth S, Cappellini MD, Forni GL, Maggio A, Taher AT. Anemia and iron overload as prognostic markers of outcomes in β-thalassemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:631-642. [PMID: 39037857 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2383420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ineffective erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia as well as primary and secondary (transfusional) iron overload are key drivers for morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with β-thalassemia. AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlight evidence from observational studies evaluating the association between measures of anemia and iron overload versus outcomes in both non-transfusion-dependent and transfusion-dependent forms of β-thalassemia. EXPERT OPINION Several prognostic thresholds have been identified with implications for patient management. These have also formed the basis for the design of novel therapy clinical trials by informing eligibility and target endpoints. Still, several data gaps persist in view of the challenge of assessing prospective long-term outcomes in a chronic disease. Pooling insights on the prognostic value of different measures of disease mechanism will be key to design future scoring systems that can help optimize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Musallam
- Center for Research on Rare Blood Disorders (CR-RBD), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sujit Sheth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Ca' Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Maggio
- Campus of Haematology Franco and Piera Cutino, AOOR Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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8
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Beraza-Millor M, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Solinís MÁ. Systematic Review of Genetic Substrate Reduction Therapy in Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Opportunities, Challenges and Delivery Systems. BioDrugs 2024; 38:657-680. [PMID: 39177875 PMCID: PMC11358353 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic substrate reduction therapy (gSRT), which involves the use of nucleic acids to downregulate the genes involved in the biosynthesis of storage substances, has been investigated in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). OBJECTIVE To analyze the application of gSRT to the treatment of LSDs, identifying the silencing tools and delivery systems used, and the main challenges for its development and clinical translation, highlighting the contribution of nanotechnology to overcome them. METHODS A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines was performed. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used for searching terms related to LSDs and gene-silencing strategies and tools. RESULTS Fabry, Gaucher, and Pompe diseases and mucopolysaccharidoses I and III are the only LSDs for which gSRT has been studied, siRNA and lipid nanoparticles being the silencing strategy and the delivery system most frequently employed, respectively. Only in one recently published study was CRISPR/Cas9 applied to treat Fabry disease. Specific tissue targeting, availability of relevant cell and animal LSD models, and the rare disease condition are the main challenges with gSRT for the treatment of these diseases. Out of the 11 studies identified, only two gSRT studies were evaluated in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Nucleic acid therapies are expanding the clinical tools and therapies currently available for LSDs. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the growing impact of nanotechnology are expected to boost the clinical translation of gSRT in the near future, and not only for LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Beraza-Millor
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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9
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Kumar A, Daripa P, Rasool K, Chakraborty D, Jain N, Maiti S. Deciphering the Thermodynamic Landscape of CRISPR/Cas9: Insights into Enhancing Gene Editing Precision and Efficiency. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39190773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The thermodynamic landscape of the CRISPR/Cas9 system plays a crucial role in understanding and optimizing the performance of this revolutionary genome-editing technology. In this research, we utilized isothermal titration calorimetry and microscale thermophoresis techniques to thoroughly investigate the thermodynamic properties governing CRISPR/Cas9 interactions. Our findings revealed that the binding between sgRNA and Cas9 is primarily governed by entropy, which compensates for an unfavorable enthalpy change. Conversely, the interaction between the CRISPR RNP complex and the target DNA is characterized by a favorable enthalpy change, offsetting an unfavorable entropy change. Notably, both interactions displayed negative heat capacity changes, indicative of potential hydration, ionization, or structural rearrangements. However, we noted that the involvement of water molecules and counterions in the interactions is minimal, suggesting that structural rearrangements play a significant role in influencing the binding thermodynamics. These results offer a nuanced understanding of the energetic contributions and structural dynamics underlying CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Such insights are invaluable for optimizing the efficiency and specificity of CRISPR-based genome editing applications, ultimately advancing our ability to precisely manipulate genetic material in various organisms for research, therapeutic, and biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Purba Daripa
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kaiser Rasool
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Debojyoti Chakraborty
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Niyati Jain
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Abdelkader S, Shah R, Crawford D, Baker A, Srinivasan A. Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Single Center Real-world Experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024:00043426-990000000-00483. [PMID: 39185876 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikin Shah
- Arnold Palmer Hospital Haley Center for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Orlando
| | - David Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ashley Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Anand Srinivasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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11
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Li N, Shi B, Li Z, Han J, Sun J, Huang H, Yallowitz AR, Bok S, Xiao S, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Qin T, Huang R, Zheng H, Shen R, Meng L, Greenblatt MB, Xu R. Schnurri-3 inhibition rescues skeletal fragility and vascular skeletal stem cell niche pathology in the OIM model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone Res 2024; 12:46. [PMID: 39183236 PMCID: PMC11345453 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disorder of low bone mass and increased fracture risk due to a range of genetic variants that prominently include mutations in genes encoding type I collagen. While it is well known that OI reflects defects in the activity of bone-forming osteoblasts, it is currently unclear whether OI also reflects defects in the many other cell types comprising bone, including defects in skeletal vascular endothelium or the skeletal stem cell populations that give rise to osteoblasts and whether correcting these broader defects could have therapeutic utility. Here, we find that numbers of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and skeletal arterial endothelial cells (AECs) are augmented in Col1a2oim/oim mice, a well-studied animal model of moderate to severe OI, suggesting that disruption of a vascular SSC niche is a feature of OI pathogenesis. Moreover, crossing Col1a2oim/oim mice to mice lacking a negative regulator of skeletal angiogenesis and bone formation, Schnurri 3 (SHN3), not only corrected the SSC and AEC phenotypes but moreover robustly corrected the bone mass and spontaneous fracture phenotypes. As this finding suggested a strong therapeutic utility of SHN3 inhibition for the treatment of OI, a bone-targeting AAV was used to mediate Shn3 knockdown, rescuing the Col1a2oim/oim phenotype and providing therapeutic proof-of-concept for targeting SHN3 for the treatment of OI. Overall, this work both provides proof-of-concept for inhibition of the SHN3 pathway and more broadly addressing defects in the stem/osteoprogenitor niche as is a strategy to treat OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Baohong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haitao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shuang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zuoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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12
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Amid A, Liu S, Babbs C, Higgs DR. Hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis: charting the past and envisioning the future. Blood 2024; 144:822-833. [PMID: 38457773 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS) represents the most severe form of α-thalassemia, arising from deletion of the duplicated α-globin genes from both alleles. The absence of α-globin leads to the formation of nonfunctional hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's (γ4) or HbH (β4) resulting in severe anemia, tissue hypoxia, and, in some cases, variable congenital or neurocognitive abnormalities. BHFS is the most common cause of hydrops fetalis in Southeast Asia; however, owing to global migration, the burden of this condition is increasing worldwide. With the availability of intensive perinatal care and intrauterine transfusions, an increasing number of patients survive with this condition. The current approach to long-term management of survivors involves regular blood transfusions and iron chelation, a task made challenging by the need for intensified transfusions to suppress the production of nonfunctional HbH-containing erythrocytes. Although our knowledge of outcomes of this condition is evolving, it seems, in comparison to individuals with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia, those with BHFS may face an elevated risk of complications arising from chronic anemia and hypoxia, ongoing hemolysis, iron overload, and from their respective treatments. Although stem cell transplantation remains a viable option for a select few, it is not without potential side effects. Looking ahead, potential advancements in the form of genetic engineering and innovative therapeutic approaches, such as the reactivation of embryonic α-like globin gene expression, hold promise for furthering the treatment of this condition. Prevention remains a crucial aspect of care, particularly in areas with high prevalence or limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amid
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Siyu Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Babbs
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R Higgs
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Zanganeh S, Zahedi AM, Sattarzadeh Bardsiri M, Bazi A, Bastanifard M, Shool S, Kouhbananinejad SM, Farsinejad A, Afgar A, Shahabi A, Mirzaei-Parsa MJ. Recent advances and applications of the CRISPR-Cas system in the gene therapy of blood disorders. Gene 2024; 931:148865. [PMID: 39168259 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Zanganeh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Zahedi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahla Sattarzadeh Bardsiri
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bastanifard
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Shool
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arman Shahabi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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14
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Lau CH, Liang QL, Zhu H. Next-generation CRISPR technology for genome, epigenome and mitochondrial editing. Transgenic Res 2024:10.1007/s11248-024-00404-x. [PMID: 39158822 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-024-00404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The application of rapidly growing CRISPR toolboxes and methods has great potential to transform biomedical research. Here, we provide a snapshot of up-to-date CRISPR toolboxes, then critically discuss the promises and hurdles associated with CRISPR-based nuclear genome editing, epigenome editing, and mitochondrial editing. The technical challenges and key solutions to realize epigenome editing in vivo, in vivo base editing and prime editing, mitochondrial editing in complex tissues and animals, and CRISPR-associated transposases and integrases in targeted genomic integration of very large DNA payloads are discussed. Lastly, we discuss the latest situation of the CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials and provide perspectives on CRISPR-based gene therapy. Apart from technical shortcomings, ethical and societal considerations for CRISPR applications in human therapeutics and research are extensively highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cia-Hin Lau
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Le Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibao Zhu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Maxim DS, Wu DW, Johnson NS, Charu V, Carter JN, Anand S, Church GM, Bhalla V. EditABLE: A Simple Web Application for Designing Genome Editing Experiments. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4775705. [PMID: 39184070 PMCID: PMC11343172 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4775705/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas genome editing is transformative; however, there is no simple tool available for determining the optimal genome editing technology to create specific mutations for experimentation or to correct mutations as a curative therapy for specific diseases. We developed editABLE, an online resource (editable-app.stanford.edu) to provide computationally validated CRISPR editors and guide RNAs based on user provided sequence data. We demonstrate the utility of editABLE by applying it to one of the most common monogenic disorders, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), identifying specific editing tools across the landscape of ADPKD mutations.
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16
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Jones-Wonni B, Kelkar AH, Achebe MO. A Review of Gene Therapies for Hemoglobinopathies. Hemoglobin 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39145521 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2024.2369534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Due to the significant morbidity and mortality of hemoglobinopathies, curative options have long been pursued. The overall goal of gene therapy is to modify a patient's own hematopoietic stem cells to overcome the deleterious effects of the underlying genetic defect by gene addition, gene editing, or gene silencing. Gene addition incorporates genes with superior function than the abnormal gene; gene editing takes advantage of molecular tools such as zinc finger proteins, Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats coupled with Cas9 proteins (CRISPR-Cas9) which allow for sequence-specific breaks in DNA that disrupt gene function; and gene silencing suppresses gene expression by interference with mRNA transcription/protein translation or epigenetic modification. The majority of gene therapy strategies for hemoglobinopathies have targeted erythroid-specific BCL11A, a major regulator of fetal hemoglobin repression at the gamma-globin locus, in the normal fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch that occurs shortly after birth. Other goals have involved the incorporation of anti-sickling globins, such as βT87Q or βAS3. Landmark clinical trials of gene therapy in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease have shown remarkable efficacy and acceptable safety and culminated in recent regulatory approvals of gene therapy for both diseases in Europe and the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar H Kelkar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute - Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen O Achebe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute - Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital - Division of Hematology, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Oshabaheebwa S, Delianides CA, Patwardhan AA, Evans EN, Sekyonda Z, Bode A, Apio FM, Mutuluuza CK, Sheehan VA, Suster MA, Gurkan UA, Mohseni P. A miniaturized wash-free microfluidic assay for electrical impedance-based assessment of red blood cell-mediated microvascular occlusion. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116352. [PMID: 38718635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The production of HbS - an abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) - in sickle cell disease (SCD) results in poorly deformable red blood cells (RBCs) that are prone to microcapillary occlusion, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage. Novel treatments, including gene therapy, may reduce SCD morbidity, but methods to functionally evaluate RBCs remain limited. Previously, we presented the microfluidic impedance red cell assay (MIRCA) for rapid assessment of RBC deformability, employing electrical impedance-based readout to measure RBC occlusion of progressively narrowing micropillar openings. We describe herein the design, development, validation, and clinical utility of the next-generation MIRCA assay, featuring enhanced portability, rapidity, and usability. It incorporates a miniaturized impedance analyzer and features a simplified wash-free operation that yields an occlusion index (OI) within 15 min as a new metric for RBC occlusion. We show a correlation between OI and percent fetal hemoglobin (%HbF), other laboratory biomarkers of RBC hemolysis, and SCD severity. To demonstrate the assay's versatility, we tested RBC samples from treatment-naïve SCD patients in Uganda that yielded OI levels similar to those from hydroxyurea (HU)-treated patients in the U.S., highlighting the role of %HbF in protecting against microcapillary occlusion independent of other pharmacological effects. The MIRCA assay could also identify a subset of HU-treated patients with high occlusion risks, suggesting that they may require treatment adjustments including a second-line therapy to improve their outcomes. This work demonstrates the potential of the MIRCA assay for accelerated evaluation of RBC health, function, and therapeutic effect in an ex vivo model of the microcapillary networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Oshabaheebwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christopher A Delianides
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Akshay A Patwardhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erica N Evans
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zoe Sekyonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Allison Bode
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | | | - Vivien A Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Michael A Suster
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Pedram Mohseni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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18
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Ruminski PG, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Development of VLA4 and CXCR4 Antagonists for the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1003. [PMID: 39199390 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies typically includes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as part of a therapeutic standard of care. The primary graft source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for HSCT is mobilized from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood of allogeneic donors or patients. More recently, these mobilized HSPCs have also been the source for gene editing strategies to treat diseases such as sickle-cell anemia. For a HSCT to be successful, it requires the infusion of a sufficient number of HSPCs that are capable of adequate homing to the bone marrow niche and the subsequent regeneration of stable trilineage hematopoiesis in a timely manner. Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is currently the most frequently used agent for HSPC mobilization. However, it requires five or more daily infusions to produce an adequate number of HSPCs and the use of G-CSF alone often results in suboptimal stem cell yields in a significant number of patients. Furthermore, there are several undesirable side effects associated with G-CSF, and it is contraindicated for use in sickle-cell anemia patients, where it has been linked to serious vaso-occlusive and thrombotic events. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the cell surface integrin α4β1 (very late antigen 4 (VLA4)) are both involved in the homing and retention of HSPCs within the bone marrow microenvironment. Preclinical and/or clinical studies have shown that targeted disruption of the interaction of the CXCR4 or VLA4 receptors with their endogenous ligands within the bone marrow niche results in the rapid and reversible mobilization of HSPCs into the peripheral circulation and is synergistic when combined with G-CSF. In this review, we discuss the roles CXCR4 and VLA4 play in bone marrow homing and retention and will summarize more recent development of small-molecule CXCR4 and VLA4 inhibitors that, when combined, can synergistically improve the magnitude, quality and convenience of HSPC mobilization for stem cell transplantation and ex vivo gene therapy after the administration of just a single dose. This optimized regimen has the potential to afford a superior alternative to G-CSF for HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Ruminski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St Louis, MO 63105, USA
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19
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Hwu WL. Gene therapy for ultrarare diseases: a geneticist's perspective. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:79. [PMID: 39138523 PMCID: PMC11321167 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has made considerable strides in recent years. More than 4000 protein-coding genes have been implicated in more than 6000 genetic diseases; next-generation sequencing has dramatically revolutionized the diagnosis of genetic diseases. Most genetic diseases are considered very rare or ultrarare, defined here as having fewer than 1:100,000 cases, but only one of the 12 approved gene therapies (excluding RNA therapies) targets an ultrarare disease. This article explores three gene supplementation therapy approaches suitable for various rare genetic diseases: lentiviral vector-modified autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, systemic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to the liver, and local AAV delivery to the cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Together with RNA therapies, we propose a potential business model for these gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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20
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Jin YY, Zhang P, Liu LL, Zhao X, Hu XQ, Liu SZ, Li ZK, Liu Q, Wang JQ, Hao DL, Zhang ZQ, Chen HZ, Liu DP. Enhancing homology-directed repair efficiency with HDR-boosting modular ssDNA donor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6843. [PMID: 39122671 PMCID: PMC11315919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of small molecules and recombinant proteins to enhance the efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) donors, as currently designed and chemically modified, remain suboptimal for precise gene editing. Here, we screen the biased ssDNA binding sequences of DNA repair-related proteins and engineer RAD51-preferred sequences into HDR-boosting modules for ssDNA donors. Donors with these modules exhibit an augmented affinity for RAD51, thereby enhancing HDR efficiency across various genomic loci and cell types when cooperated with Cas9, nCas9, and Cas12a. By combining with an inhibitor of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or the HDRobust strategy, these modular ssDNA donors achieve up to 90.03% (median 74.81%) HDR efficiency. The HDR-boosting modules targeting an endogenous protein enable a chemical modification-free strategy to improve the efficacy of ssDNA donors for precise gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Si-Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ze-Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - De-Long Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhu-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, 300301, China.
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21
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Zhang W, Li X, Yu U, Huang X, Wang H, Lu Y, Liu S, Zhang J. Genome-wide methylation and gene-expression analyses in thalassemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11591-11605. [PMID: 39133159 PMCID: PMC11346785 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most common autosomal genetic disorder in humans. The pathogenesis of thalassemia is principally due to the deletion or mutation of globin genes that then leads to disorders in globin-chain synthesis, and its predominant clinical manifestations include chronic forms of hemolytic anemia. However, research on the epigenetics and underlying pathogenesis of thalassemia is in its nascency and not yet been systematically realized. In this study, we compared the results of RNA-seq and the whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) on 22 peripheral blood samples from 14 thalassemic patients and eight healthy individuals revealed a genome-wide methylation landscape of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). And functional-enrichment analysis revealed the enriched biological pathways with respect to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) to include hematopoietic lineage, glucose metabolism, and ribosome. To further analyze the interaction between the transcriptome and methylome, we implemented a comprehensive analysis of overlaps between DEGs and DMGs, and observed that biological processes significantly enriched the immune-related genes (i.e., our hypermethylated and down-regulated gene group). Hypermethylated and hypomethylated regions of thalassemia-related genes exhibited different distribution patterns. We thus, further identified and validated thalassemia-associated DMGs and DEGs by multi-omics integrative analyses of DNA methylation and transcriptomics data, and provided a comprehensive genomic map of thalassemia that will facilitate the exploration of the epigenetics mechanisms and pathogenesis underlying thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, Guangdong, China
| | - Uet Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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22
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Ng BW, Kaukonen MK, McClements ME, Shamsnajafabadi H, MacLaren RE, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J. Genetic therapies and potential therapeutic applications of CRISPR activators in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101289. [PMID: 39127142 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Conventional gene therapy involving supplementation only treats loss-of-function diseases and is limited by viral packaging sizes, precluding therapy of large genes. The discovery of CRISPR/Cas has led to a paradigm shift in the field of genetic therapy, with the promise of precise gene editing, thus broadening the range of diseases that can be treated. The initial uses of CRISPR/Cas have focused mainly on gene editing or silencing of abnormal variants via utilising Cas endonuclease to trigger the target cell endogenous non-homologous end joining. Subsequently, the technology has evolved to modify the Cas enzyme and even its guide RNA, leading to more efficient editing tools in the form of base and prime editing. Further advancements of this CRISPR/Cas technology itself have expanded its functional repertoire from targeted editing to programmable transactivation, shifting the therapeutic focus to precise endogenous gene activation or upregulation with the potential for epigenetic modifications. In vivo experiments using this platform have demonstrated the potential of CRISPR-activators (CRISPRa) to treat various loss-of-function diseases, as well as in regenerative medicine, highlighting their versatility to overcome limitations associated with conventional strategies. This review summarises the molecular mechanisms of CRISPRa platforms, the current applications of this technology in vivo, and discusses potential solutions to translational hurdles for this therapy, with a focus on ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wj Ng
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria K Kaukonen
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Hoda Shamsnajafabadi
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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23
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Palanki R, Riley JS, Bose SK, Luks V, Dave A, Kus N, White BM, Ricciardi AS, Swingle KL, Xue L, Sung D, Thatte AS, Safford HC, Chaluvadi VS, Carpenter M, Han EL, Maganti R, Hamilton AG, Mrksich K, Billingsley MB, Zoltick PW, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ, Peranteau WH. In utero delivery of targeted ionizable lipid nanoparticles facilitates in vivo gene editing of hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400783121. [PMID: 39078677 PMCID: PMC11317576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400783121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Monogenic blood diseases are among the most common genetic disorders worldwide. These diseases result in significant pediatric and adult morbidity, and some can result in death prior to birth. Novel ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene editing therapies hold tremendous promise to alter the therapeutic landscape but are not without potential limitations. In vivo gene editing therapies offer a potentially safer and more accessible treatment for these diseases but are hindered by a lack of delivery vectors targeting HSCs, which reside in the difficult-to-access bone marrow niche. Here, we propose that this biological barrier can be overcome by taking advantage of HSC residence in the easily accessible liver during fetal development. To facilitate the delivery of gene editing cargo to fetal HSCs, we developed an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform targeting the CD45 receptor on the surface of HSCs. After validating that targeted LNPs improved messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) delivery to hematopoietic lineage cells via a CD45-specific mechanism in vitro, we demonstrated that this platform mediated safe, potent, and long-term gene modulation of HSCs in vivo in multiple mouse models. We further optimized this LNP platform in vitro to encapsulate and deliver CRISPR-based nucleic acid cargos. Finally, we showed that optimized and targeted LNPs enhanced gene editing at a proof-of-concept locus in fetal HSCs after a single in utero intravenous injection. By targeting HSCs in vivo during fetal development, our Systematically optimized Targeted Editing Machinery (STEM) LNPs may provide a translatable strategy to treat monogenic blood diseases before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - John S. Riley
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Sourav K. Bose
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Valerie Luks
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Apeksha Dave
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nicole Kus
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Brandon M. White
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Adele S. Ricciardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Kelsey L. Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Derek Sung
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ajay S. Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hannah C. Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Venkata S. Chaluvadi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Marco Carpenter
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Emily L. Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Rohin Maganti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Alex G. Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Kaitlin Mrksich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | | | - Philip W. Zoltick
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - William H. Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Division of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
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Palanki R, Han EL, Murray AM, Maganti R, Tang S, Swingle KL, Kim D, Yamagata H, Safford HC, Mrksich K, Peranteau WH, Mitchell MJ. Optimized microfluidic formulation and organic excipients for improved lipid nanoparticle mediated genome editing. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3790-3801. [PMID: 39037068 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
mRNA-based gene editing platforms have tremendous promise in the treatment of genetic diseases. However, for this potential to be realized in vivo, these nucleic acid cargos must be delivered safely and effectively to cells of interest. Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically advanced non-viral RNA delivery system, have been well-studied for the delivery of mRNA but have not been systematically optimized for the delivery of mRNA-based CRISPR-Cas9 platforms. In this study, we investigated the effect of microfluidic and lipid excipient parameters on LNP gene editing efficacy. Through in vitro screening in liver cells, we discovered distinct trends in delivery based on phospholipid, cholesterol, and lipid-PEG structure in LNP formulations. Combination of top-performing lipid excipients produced an LNP formulation that resulted in 3-fold greater gene editing in vitro and facilitated 3-fold greater reduction of a therapeutically-relevant protein in vivo relative to the unoptimized LNP formulation. Thus, systematic optimization of LNP formulation parameters revealed a novel LNP formulation that has strong potential for delivery of gene editors to the liver to treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Emily L Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Amanda M Murray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rohin Maganti
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sophia Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hannah Yamagata
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hannah C Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Kaitlin Mrksich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - William H Peranteau
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Collins M, Lau MB, Ma W, Shen A, Wang B, Cai S, La Russa M, Jewett MC, Qi LS. A frugal CRISPR kit for equitable and accessible education in gene editing and synthetic biology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6563. [PMID: 39095367 PMCID: PMC11297044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Equitable and accessible education in life sciences, bioengineering, and synthetic biology is crucial for training the next generation of scientists, fostering transparency in public decision-making, and ensuring biotechnology can benefit a wide-ranging population. As a groundbreaking technology for genome engineering, CRISPR has transformed research and therapeutics. However, hands-on exposure to this technology in educational settings remains limited due to the extensive resources required for CRISPR experiments. Here, we develop CRISPRkit, an affordable kit designed for gene editing and regulation in high school education. CRISPRkit eliminates the need for specialized equipment, prioritizes biosafety, and utilizes cost-effective reagents. By integrating CRISPRi gene regulation, colorful chromoproteins, cell-free transcription-translation systems, smartphone-based quantification, and an in-house automated algorithm (CRISPectra), our kit offers an inexpensive (~$2) and user-friendly approach to performing and analyzing CRISPR experiments, without the need for a traditional laboratory setup. Experiments conducted by high school students in classroom settings highlight the kit's utility for reliable CRISPRkit experiments. Furthermore, CRISPRkit provides a modular and expandable platform for genome engineering, and we demonstrate its applications for controlling fluorescent proteins and metabolic pathways such as melanin production. We envision CRISPRkit will facilitate biotechnology education for communities of diverse socioeconomic and geographic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Collins
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew B Lau
- Program of Biomedical Computation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William Ma
- Chinese International School, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aidan Shen
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Brenda Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sa Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marie La Russa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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26
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Zhang K, Wan P, Wang L, Wang Z, Tan F, Li J, Ma X, Cen J, Yuan X, Liu Y, Sun Z, Cheng X, Liu Y, Liu X, Hu J, Zhong G, Li D, Xia Q, Hui L. Efficient expansion and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene correction of patient-derived hepatocytes for treatment of inherited liver diseases. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1187-1202.e8. [PMID: 38772378 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based ex vivo gene therapy in solid organs, especially the liver, has proven technically challenging. Here, we report a feasible strategy for the clinical application of hepatocyte therapy. We first generated high-quality autologous hepatocytes through the large-scale expansion of patient-derived hepatocytes. Moreover, the proliferating patient-derived hepatocytes, together with the AAV2.7m8 variant identified through screening, enabled CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeted integration efficiently, achieving functional correction of pathogenic mutations in FAH or OTC. Importantly, these edited hepatocytes repopulated the injured mouse liver at high repopulation levels and underwent maturation, successfully treating mice with tyrosinemia following transplantation. Our study combines ex vivo large-scale cell expansion and gene editing in patient-derived transplantable hepatocytes, which holds potential for treating human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Liren Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jin Cen
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuhao Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiazhi Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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27
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Ferraresso F, Leung J, Kastrup CJ. RNA therapeutics to control fibrinolysis: review on applications in biology and medicine. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2103-2114. [PMID: 38663489 PMCID: PMC11269028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of fibrinolysis, the process that degrades blood clots, is pivotal in maintaining hemostasis. Dysregulation leads to thrombosis or excessive bleeding. Proteins in the fibrinolysis system include fibrinogen, coagulation factor XIII, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator, α2-antiplasmin, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α2-macroglobulin, and others. While each of these is a potential therapeutic target for diseases, they lack effective or long-acting inhibitors. Rapid advances in RNA-based technologies are creating powerful tools to control the expression of proteins. RNA agents can be long-acting and tailored to either decrease or increase production of a specific protein. Advances in nucleic acid delivery, such as by lipid nanoparticles, have enabled the delivery of RNA to the liver, where most proteins of coagulation and fibrinolysis are produced. This review will summarize the classes of RNA that induce 1) inhibition of protein synthesis, including small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides; 2) protein expression, including messenger RNA and self-amplifying RNA; and 3) gene editing for gene knockdown and precise editing. It will review specific examples of RNA therapies targeting proteins in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems and comment on the wide range of opportunities for controlling fibrinolysis for biological applications and future therapeutics using state-of-the-art RNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraresso
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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28
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Ji P, Li Y, Wang Z, Jia S, Jiang X, Chen H, Wang Q. Advances in precision gene editing for liver fibrosis: From technology to therapeutic applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117003. [PMID: 38908207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive exploration of gene editing technologies and their potential applications in the treatment of liver fibrosis, a condition often leading to serious complications such as liver cancer. Through an in-depth review of current literature and critical analysis, the study delves into the intricate signaling pathways underlying liver fibrosis development and examines the promising role of gene editing in alleviating this disease burden. Gene editing technologies offer precise, efficient, and reproducible tools for manipulating genetic material, holding significant promise for basic research and clinical practice. The manuscript highlights the challenges and potential risks associated with gene editing technology. By synthesizing existing knowledge and exploring future perspectives, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the potential of precision gene editing to combat liver fibrosis and its associated complications, ultimately contributing to advances in liver fibrosis research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of International Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Siyu Jia
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
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29
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Abdallah K, Huys I, Claes KJ, Simoens S. Budget Impact of Disease-Modifying Treatments and a CRISPR Gene-Edited Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease. Clin Drug Investig 2024; 44:611-627. [PMID: 39134876 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-024-01384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) has traditionally focused on symptomatic and preventative care. Recent advances in novel therapeutic developments, likely to be orphan-designated, are anticipated to carry a substantial price tag. This study assesses the potential budget impact of adopting disease-modifying treatments, crizanlizumab and voxelotor, and pioneering CRISPR gene-edited therapy, CTX001, in the Belgian healthcare system. METHODS The perspective of the Belgian healthcare payer (RIZIV-INAMI including patient copayments), a 5-year horizon with a 2-10% uptake of disease-modifying interventions, and a 2% uptake of CTX001 were considered. Data, encompassing target population, current (chronic and acute management, curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and new (crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and CTX001) interventions, clinical effectiveness, adverse events, healthcare resource utilization, and associated costs, were gathered through a comprehensive literature review (first phase) and two Delphi panels involving hematologists (second phase). The cost difference between a "world with and without crizanlizumab, voxelotor, and CTX001" was calculated to obtain the budget impact. Three scenario analyses were conducted: a 5-13% and 4% uptake analysis, a 10-18% and 8% uptake analysis, respectively for disease-modifying treatments (crizanlizumab and voxelotor) and CTX001, and a 0% crizanlizumab uptake and managed entry agreements analysis . A ± 20% univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the analysis. RESULTS The total five-year cumulative budget impact was estimated at €30,024,968, with 91% attributed to drug acquisition costs. The largest budget impact share was for CTX001 (€25,575,150), while crizanlizumab (€2,301,095) and voxelotor (€2,148,723) was relatively small. In scenarios one and three, a two-fold increase of the cumulative budget impact to €60,731,772 and a four-fold increase to €120,846,256 from the base case was observed. In scenario three, this budget impact decreased by 63% to €11,212,766. Patient population size, number of treated patients, and drug costs influenced the analysis the most, while discontinuation, acute crisis, and adverse event rates had comparatively minimal impact. CONCLUSIONS Belgian decision-makers may consider alternative financing models, such as outcome-based risk-sharing agreements or annuities, to ensure sustainable coverage of these treatments. This study adheres to recommended practices for assessing budget impact of orphan drugs, distinguishing it from earlier studies with potentially weaker methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2 bus 521, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2 bus 521, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen J Claes
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Simoens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2 bus 521, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Wiens J, Spector-Bagdady K, Mukherjee B. Toward Realizing the Promise of AI in Precision Health Across the Spectrum of Care. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2024; 25:141-159. [PMID: 38724019 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-010323-010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in augmenting clinical decision-making using artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of secondary and tertiary care at large academic medical centers. For such innovations to have an impact across the spectrum of care, additional challenges must be addressed, including inconsistent use of preventative care and gaps in chronic care management. The integration of additional data, including genomics and data from wearables, could prove critical in addressing these gaps, but technical, legal, and ethical challenges arise. On the technical side, approaches for integrating complex and messy data are needed. Data and design imperfections like selection bias, missing data, and confounding must be addressed. In terms of legal and ethical challenges, while AI has the potential to aid in leveraging patient data to make clinical care decisions, we also risk exacerbating existing disparities. Organizations implementing AI solutions must carefully consider how they can improve care for all and reduce inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Wiens
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Kayte Spector-Bagdady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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31
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Feng Q, Li Q, Zhou H, Wang Z, Lin C, Jiang Z, Liu T, Wang D. CRISPR technology in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e672. [PMID: 39081515 PMCID: PMC11286548 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a growing gene engineering technique that allows accurate editing of a broad spectrum of gene-regulated diseases to achieve curative treatment and also has the potential to be used as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of diseases. Gene editing technology, mainly based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein systems, which is capable of generating genetic modifications in somatic cells, provides a promising new strategy for gene therapy for a wide range of human diseases. Currently, gene editing technology shows great application prospects in a variety of human diseases, not only in therapeutic potential but also in the construction of animal models of human diseases. This paper describes the application of gene editing technology in hematological diseases, solid tumors, immune disorders, ophthalmological diseases, and metabolic diseases; focuses on the therapeutic strategies of gene editing technology in sickle cell disease; provides an overview of the role of gene editing technology in the construction of animal models of human diseases; and discusses the limitations of gene editing technology in the treatment of diseases, which is intended to provide an important reference for the applications of gene editing technology in the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhan Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Research and Development CentreBaicheng Medical CollegeBaichengChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Liang T, Mathison E. When Gene Editing Should Be Mandatory. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2024; 24:65-67. [PMID: 39158437 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2361895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
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McCutcheon SR, Rohm D, Iglesias N, Gersbach CA. Epigenome editing technologies for discovery and medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:1199-1217. [PMID: 39075148 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Epigenome editing has rapidly evolved in recent years, with diverse applications that include elucidating gene regulation mechanisms, annotating coding and noncoding genome functions and programming cell state and lineage specification. Importantly, given the ubiquitous role of epigenetics in complex phenotypes, epigenome editing has unique potential to impact a broad spectrum of diseases. By leveraging powerful DNA-targeting technologies, such as CRISPR, epigenome editing exploits the heritable and reversible mechanisms of epigenetics to alter gene expression without introducing DNA breaks, inducing DNA damage or relying on DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R McCutcheon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dahlia Rohm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nahid Iglesias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Youssry I, Ayad N. Sickle cell disease: combination new therapies vs. CRISPR-Cas9 potential and challenges - review article. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2613-2619. [PMID: 37867187 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, sickle cell disease (SCD) continues to affect the lives of millions of people, being one of the most frequently inherited blood disorders worldwide. Recently, several new therapies have been FDA approved for the treatment of SCD. The complexity of the pathophysiology of sickling has given opportunity to the evolution of several modalities of therapies. Nonetheless, the potential for complementary targeting of HbS polymerization, vasocclusion, and other inflammatory pathways remains controversial. None of these drugs can be considered a single curative line of treatment. With the advancement of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, autologous transplant of gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells could possibly provide a cure for most patients with SCD. The advantage of this approach over the conventional stem cell transplantation is that it decreases the need for immuno-suppressive drugs and the risk of graft-versus-host disease. In addition, recent technological advances can reduce the off-target effects, but long-term monitoring is needed to ensure the reliability of these methods in the clinical setting. This review explores the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and contrasting this alternative with the challenges that exist with sickle cell gene therapy using CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Youssry
- Pediatric Hematology and BMT Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nardeen Ayad
- Pediatric Hematology and BMT Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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35
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Chen B, Deng Y, Ren X, Zhao J, Jiang C. CRISPR/Cas9 screening: unraveling cancer immunotherapy's 'Rosetta Stone'. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:736-749. [PMID: 38763850 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based technology, a powerful toolset for the unbiased functional genomic screening of biological processes, has facilitated several scientific breakthroughs in the biomedical field. Cancer immunotherapy has advanced the treatment of numerous malignancies that previously had restricted treatment options or unfavorable outcomes. In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, the application of CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genetic perturbation screening has enabled the identification of genes, biomarkers, and signaling pathways that govern various cancer immunoreactivities, as well as the development of effective immunotherapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based screening for cancer immunotherapy and outline the immunotherapeutic targets identified via CRISPR screening based on cancer-type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Yanrong Deng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianghai Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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36
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Mason CE, Green J, Adamopoulos KI, Afshin EE, Baechle JJ, Basner M, Bailey SM, Bielski L, Borg J, Borg J, Broddrick JT, Burke M, Caicedo A, Castañeda V, Chatterjee S, Chin CR, Church G, Costes SV, De Vlaminck I, Desai RI, Dhir R, Diaz JE, Etlin SM, Feinstein Z, Furman D, Garcia-Medina JS, Garrett-Bakelman F, Giacomello S, Gupta A, Hassanin A, Houerbi N, Irby I, Javorsky E, Jirak P, Jones CW, Kamal KY, Kangas BD, Karouia F, Kim J, Kim JH, Kleinman AS, Lam T, Lawler JM, Lee JA, Limoli CL, Lucaci A, MacKay M, McDonald JT, Melnick AM, Meydan C, Mieczkowski J, Muratani M, Najjar D, Othman MA, Overbey EG, Paar V, Park J, Paul AM, Perdyan A, Proszynski J, Reynolds RJ, Ronca AE, Rubins K, Ryon KA, Sanders LM, Glowe PS, Shevde Y, Schmidt MA, Scott RT, Shirah B, Sienkiewicz K, Sierra MA, Siew K, Theriot CA, Tierney BT, Venkateswaran K, Hirschberg JW, Walsh SB, Walter C, Winer DA, Yu M, Zea L, Mateus J, Beheshti A. A second space age spanning omics, platforms and medicine across orbits. Nature 2024; 632:995-1008. [PMID: 38862027 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The recent acceleration of commercial, private and multi-national spaceflight has created an unprecedented level of activity in low Earth orbit, concomitant with the largest-ever number of crewed missions entering space and preparations for exploration-class (lasting longer than one year) missions. Such rapid advancement into space from many new companies, countries and space-related entities has enabled a 'second space age'. This era is also poised to leverage, for the first time, modern tools and methods of molecular biology and precision medicine, thus enabling precision aerospace medicine for the crews. The applications of these biomedical technologies and algorithms are diverse, and encompass multi-omic, single-cell and spatial biology tools to investigate human and microbial responses to spaceflight. Additionally, they extend to the development of new imaging techniques, real-time cognitive assessments, physiological monitoring and personalized risk profiles tailored for astronauts. Furthermore, these technologies enable advancements in pharmacogenomics, as well as the identification of novel spaceflight biomarkers and the development of corresponding countermeasures. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the recent biomedical research from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, European Space Agency and other space agencies, and detail the entrance of the commercial spaceflight sector (including SpaceX, Blue Origin, Axiom and Sierra Space) into aerospace medicine and space biology, the first aerospace medicine biobank, and various upcoming missions that will utilize these tools to ensure a permanent human presence beyond low Earth orbit, venturing out to other planets and moons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Konstantinos I Adamopoulos
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan J Baechle
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luca Bielski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Borg
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Joseph Borg
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jared T Broddrick
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Marissa Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Castañeda
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Program in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Christopher R Chin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sylvain V Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajeev I Desai
- Integrative Neurochemistry Laboratory, Behavioral Biology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Raja Dhir
- Seed Health, Venice, CA, USA
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Juan Esteban Diaz
- Data Science Institute, School of Business, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sofia M Etlin
- Department of Astrobiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Feinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Research in Translational Medicine, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Argentina
| | - J Sebastian Garcia-Medina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francine Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Giacomello
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Amira Hassanin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nadia Houerbi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris Irby
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emilia Javorsky
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Future of Life Institute, Campbell, CA, USA
| | - Peter Jirak
- Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Gmünd, Lower Austria, Austria
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Khaled Y Kamal
- Redox Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Brian D Kangas
- Behavioral Biology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fathi Karouia
- Blue Marble Institute of Science, Exobiology Branch NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Space Research Within Reach, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- BioServe Space Technologies, Smead Aerospace Engineering Science Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Redox Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ashley S Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Try Lam
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John M Lawler
- Redox Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Lee
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Lucaci
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- International Research Agenda 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariam A Othman
- Redox Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- BioAstra, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Paar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber M Paul
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
| | - Adrian Perdyan
- International Research Agenda 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Reynolds
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- KBR, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Wake Forest Medical School, Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Krista A Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Sanders
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | | | - Yash Shevde
- Ursa Biotechnology Corporation, Ursa Bio, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ryan T Scott
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karolina Sienkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Sierra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Siew
- London Tubular Centre, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Wain Hirschberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- London Tubular Centre, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Walter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Jaguar Space, LLC, Erie, CO, USA
| | - Jaime Mateus
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX), Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Gardner RA, White C, Elsallab M, Farnia S, Fraint E, Grilley B, Bateman-House A, Grupp SA, Kenderian S, Locke FL, Nikiforow S, Oluwole OO, Rouce RH, Spiegel J, Shah NN, Sharma A, Komanduri K, Gill S. ACT To Sustain: Adoptive Cell Therapy To Sustain Access to Non-Commercialized Genetically Modified Cell Therapies. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:776-787. [PMID: 38762057 PMCID: PMC11296902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Genetically modified cell therapies (GMCT), particularly immune effector cells (IEC) such as chimeric receptor antigen (CAR) T cells, have shown promise in curing cancer and rare diseases after a single treatment course. Following close behind CAR T approvals are GMCT based on hematopoietic stem cells, such as products developed for hemoglobinopathies and other disorders. Academically sponsored GMCT products, often developed in academic centers without industry involvement, face challenges in sustaining access after completion of early phase studies when there is no commercial partner invested in completing registration trials for marketing applications. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) formed a task force named ACT To Sustain (Adoptive Cell Therapy to Sustain) to address the "valley of death" of academic GMCT products. This paper presents the task force's findings and considerations regarding financial sustainability of academically sponsored GMCT products in the absence of commercial development. We outline case scenarios illustrating barriers to maintaining access to promising GMCT developed by academic centers. The paper also delves into the current state of GMCT development, commercialization, and reimbursement, citing examples of abandoned products, cost estimates associated with GMCT manufacturing and real-world use of cost recovery. We propose potential solutions to address the financial, regulatory, and logistical challenges associated with sustaining access to academically sponsored GMCT products and to ensure that products with promising results do not languish in a "valley of death" due to financial or implementational barriers. The suggestions include aligning US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designations with benefit coverage, allowing for cost recovery of certain products as a covered benefit, and engaging with regulators and policy makers to discuss alternative pathways for academic centers to provide access. We stress the importance of sustainable access to GMCT and call for collaborative efforts to develop regulatory pathways that support access to academically sponsored GMCT products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire White
- Division of Oncology, Cell Therapy and Transplant Section, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Magdi Elsallab
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Mass General Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ellen Fraint
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alison Bateman-House
- Division of Medical Ethics, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Cell Therapy and Transplant Section, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saad Kenderian
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frederick L Locke
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Nikiforow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Rayne H Rouce
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital and Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jay Spiegel
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI
| | - Akshay Sharma
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Komanduri
- UCSF Health Division of Hematology/Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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38
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Zhang C, Xu J, Wu Y, Xu C, Xu P. Base Editors-Mediated Gene Therapy in Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Hematologic Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1387-1405. [PMID: 38644403 PMCID: PMC11319617 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Base editors, developed from the CRISPR/Cas system, consist of components such as deaminase and Cas variants. Since their emergence in 2016, the precision, efficiency, and safety of base editors have been gradually optimized. The feasibility of using base editors in gene therapy has been demonstrated in several disease models. Compared with the CRISPR/Cas system, base editors have shown great potential in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HSC-based gene therapy, because they do not generate double-stranded breaks (DSBs) while achieving the precise realization of single-base substitutions. This precise editing mechanism allows for the permanent correction of genetic defects directly at their source within HSCs, thus promising a lasting therapeutic effect. Recent advances in base editors are expected to significantly increase the number of clinical trials for HSC-based gene therapies. In this review, we summarize the development and recent progress of DNA base editors, discuss their applications in HSC gene therapy, and highlight the prospects and challenges of future clinical stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinchao Xu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yikang Wu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Can Xu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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39
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Irfan M, Majeed H, Iftikhar T, Ravi PK. A review on molecular scissoring with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae105. [PMID: 39006883 PMCID: PMC11240166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is a technology to make specific changes in the DNA of a cell or an organism. It has significantly altered the landscape of life sciences, facilitating the establishment of exceedingly customized genetic modifications. Among various genome editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a specific endonuclease induces a double stranded DNA break and enabling modifications to the genome, has surfaced as a formidable and adaptable instrument. Its significance cannot be overstated, as it not only allows for the manipulation of genomes in model organisms but also holds great potential for revolutionary advances in medicine, particularly in treating genetic diseases. This review paper explores the remarkable journey of CRISPR/Cas9, its natural function, mechanisms, and transformative impact on genome editing and finally the use of artificial intelligence and other intelligent manufacturing tools used. The introduction provides the background on genome editing, emphasizing the emergence and significance of CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequent sections comprehensively elucidate its natural function, disease modeling, agriculture, and biotechnology, address therapeutic applications, and ongoing clinical trials while also discussing prospects and ethical implications. We summarized the key findings, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9 has empowered the creation of disease-specific animal models. This provides invaluable insights into pathogenic mechanisms and opens new avenues for drug discovery, reaffirming the transformative impact of CRISPR/Cas9 on genome editing. Finally we discussed the importance of continued research and collaboration for comprehensive utilization of the inherent capabilities of this molecular precision tool in shaping forthcoming advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Tehreema Iftikhar
- Applied Botany Lab, Department of Botany, Government College University, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pritam Kumar Ravi
- Computer Applications Department, Ganesh Lal Agarwal College, Nilamber-Pitamber University, Jharkhand, 822101, India
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40
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Pardi N, Ivics Z. An LNP-CRISPR gene editing drug demonstrates efficacy and safety in patients with hereditary angioedema following in vivo administration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:272-274. [PMID: 38925443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.
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41
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Singh A, Irfan H, Fatima E, Nazir Z, Verma A, Akilimali A. Revolutionary breakthrough: FDA approves CASGEVY, the first CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy for sickle cell disease. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4555-4559. [PMID: 39118728 PMCID: PMC11305803 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy resulting from a β-globin chain mutation that causes abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization and leads to severe complications. Current treatment options primarily focus on symptom management, with limited curative potential. Recently, Casgevy, the first CRISPR/Cas9-based gene therapy for SCD, has received breakthrough FDA approval. Clinical trials have shown that Casgevy administered to patients aged older than or equal to 12 years enables precise modifications in hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and a significant reduction in vaso-occlusive events. Unlike conventional treatments, this therapy offers a curative approach and eliminates the need for recurrent transfusions and transplants, thereby improving the quality of life of patients with SCD. Casgevy has emerged as a beacon of hope for SCD patients and signifies a potential paradigm shift in SCD management due to its safety, curative potential, and transformative impact, positioning it as a groundbreaking intervention. Nevertheless, ethical considerations surrounding CRISPR technology and regulatory frameworks must be addressed to ensure responsible application and equitable access to this one-time gene editing therapy. As the authors celebrate this scientific advancement, sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical scrutiny are essential to navigating the evolving landscape of CRISPR technology in medicine. This review aims to provide a detailed insight into the application of Casgevy, challenges associated with its application, future prospects of this therapy, and its comparison with existing treatment options for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Hamza Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College Lahore
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nazir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Amogh Verma
- Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Hapur, India
| | - Aymar Akilimali
- Department of research, Medical Research Circle, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
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42
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Means RT. New molecular approaches to "the first molecular disease". J Investig Med 2024; 72:495-496. [PMID: 38733305 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241247971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Means
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Medical Education, and Pathology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
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43
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Clements WK, Khoury H. The molecular and cellular hematopoietic stem cell specification niche. Exp Hematol 2024; 136:104280. [PMID: 39009276 PMCID: PMC11338702 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a population of tissue-specific stem cells that reside in the bone marrow of adult mammals, where they self-renew and continuously regenerate the adult hematopoietic lineages over the life of the individual. Prominence as a stem cell model and clinical usefulness have driven interest in understanding the physiologic processes that lead to the specification of HSCs during embryonic development. High-efficiency directed differentiation of HSCs by the instruction of defined progenitor cells using sequentially defined instructive molecules and conditions remains impossible, indicating that comprehensive knowledge of the complete set of precursor intermediate identities and required inductive inputs remains incompletely understood. Recently, interest in the molecular and cellular microenvironment where HSCs are specified from endothelial precursors-the "specification niche"-has increased. Here we review recent progress in understanding these niche spaces across vertebrate phyla, as well as how a better characterization of the origin and molecular phenotypes of the niche cell populations has helped inform and complicate previous understanding of signaling required for HSC emergence and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Clements
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Hanane Khoury
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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44
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Wang H, Wang Y. Characterization of NiCas12b for In Vivo Genome Editing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400469. [PMID: 39076074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The RNA-guided clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12b system represents the third family of CRISPR-Cas systems that are harnessed for genome editing. However, only a few nucleases have demonstrated activity in human cells, and their in vivo therapeutic potential remains uncertain. In this study, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-activation assay is conducted to screen a panel of 15 Cas12b orthologs, and four of them exhibited editing activity in mammalian cells. Particularly noteworthy is the NiCas12b derived from Nitrospira sp., which recognizes a "TTN" protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and facilitates efficient genome editing in various cell lines. Importantly, NiCas12b also exhibits a high degree of specificity, rendering it suitable for therapeutic applications. As proof of concept, the adeno-associated virus (AAV) is employed to introduce NiCas12b to target the cholesterol regulatory gene proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) in the mouse liver. After 4 weeks of injections, an impressive is observed over 16.0% insertion/deletion (indel) efficiency, resulting in a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels. NiCas12b provides a novel option for both basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, 200438, China
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45
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Molaei Z, Jabbarpour Z, Omidkhoda A, Ahmadbeigi N. Exploring non-viral methods for the delivery of CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoprotein to hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:233. [PMID: 39075609 PMCID: PMC11288096 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using the CRISPR/Cas system as a potent genome editing tool holds immense promise for addressing hematologic disorders. An essential hurdle in advancing this treatment lies in effectively delivering CRISPR/Cas to HSCs. While various delivery formats exist, Ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) emerges as a particularly efficient option. RNP complexes offer enhanced gene editing capabilities, devoid of viral vectors, with rapid activity and minimized off-target effects. Nevertheless, novel delivery methods such as microfluidic-based techniques, filtroporation, nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides are continually evolving. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of these methods and the recent research on delivery approaches of RNP complexes to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Molaei
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jabbarpour
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre (GHRC), Keele University, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Azadeh Omidkhoda
- Hematology and blood transfusion science department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Badea AR, Feeney O. Genome Editing Dilemma: Navigating Dual-Use Potential and Charting the Path Forward. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2024:10.1007/s11673-024-10358-8. [PMID: 39046699 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-024-10358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary genome editing techniques have made genomic intervention-from microorganism to human-more accessible, easier to use, and more accurate than previous methods. We argue that, notwithstanding its merits in treating and preventing disease in humans, genome editing represents a potential threat for domestic and international security, requiring an integrated approach in regulating, detecting, preventing, and mitigating the risk of its use for malicious purposes. Despite the global regulatory ambitions of the 2021 WHO framework, we see insufficient attention given to the future prospect of dual-use genomic technology. Drawing parallels with the nuclear field, we suggest tentative practical steps for a way forward in dealing with genome editing technologies, such as: 1) adapting national (bio)security and defence strategies to include genome editing as a possible threat (with conceivable WMD potential); 2) enhancing the international dialogue on genome editing and raising the issue at the highest level; 3) working towards a global, legally binding verification mechanism; 4) tracking genome editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruxandra Badea
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Philosophy, Splaiul Independentei 204, 060024, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Oliver Feeney
- University of Tübingen, Ethics of Genome Editing Research Unit, Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine, Gartenstr. 47, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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47
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Frati G, Brusson M, Sartre G, Mlayah B, Felix T, Chalumeau A, Antoniou P, Hardouin G, Concordet JP, Romano O, Turchiano G, Miccio A. Safety and efficacy studies of CRISPR-Cas9 treatment of sickle cell disease highlights disease-specific responses. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00470-2. [PMID: 39044427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) reactivation expression through CRISPR-Cas9 is a promising strategy for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Here, we describe a genome editing strategy leading to reactivation of HbF expression by targeting the binding sites (BSs) for the lymphoma-related factor (LRF) repressor in the γ-globin promoters. CRISPR-Cas9 treatment in healthy donor (HD) and patient-derived HSPCs resulted in a high frequency of LRF BS disruption and potent HbF synthesis in their erythroid progeny. LRF BS disruption did not impair HSPC engraftment and differentiation but was more efficient in SCD than in HD cells. However, SCD HSPCs showed a reduced engraftment and a myeloid bias compared with HD cells. We detected off-target activity and chromosomal rearrangements, particularly in SCD samples (likely because of the higher overall editing efficiency) but did not impact the target gene expression and HSPC engraftment and differentiation. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the editing procedure results in the up-regulation of genes involved in DNA damage and inflammatory responses, which was more evident in SCD HSPCs. This study provides evidence of efficacy and safety for an editing strategy based on HbF reactivation and highlights the need of performing safety studies in clinically relevant conditions, i.e., in patient-derived HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Frati
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Megane Brusson
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Sartre
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Bochra Mlayah
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Anne Chalumeau
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Panagiotis Antoniou
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Hardouin
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Oriana Romano
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Miccio
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
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48
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Rutter LA, MacKay MJ, Cope H, Szewczyk NJ, Kim J, Overbey E, Tierney BT, Muratani M, Lamm B, Bezdan D, Paul AM, Schmidt MA, Church GM, Giacomello S, Mason CE. Protective alleles and precision healthcare in crewed spaceflight. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6158. [PMID: 39039045 PMCID: PMC11263583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Common and rare alleles are now being annotated across millions of human genomes, and omics technologies are increasingly being used to develop health and treatment recommendations. However, these alleles have not yet been systematically characterized relative to aerospace medicine. Here, we review published alleles naturally found in human cohorts that have a likely protective effect, which is linked to decreased cancer risk and improved bone, muscular, and cardiovascular health. Although some technical and ethical challenges remain, research into these protective mechanisms could translate into improved nutrition, exercise, and health recommendations for crew members during deep space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Rutter
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew J MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Henry Cope
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ben Lamm
- Colossal Biosciences, 1401 Lavaca St, Unit #155 Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Yuri GmbH, Meckenbeuren, Germany
| | - Amber M Paul
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA.
| | - George M Church
- GC Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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49
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Persaud Y, Leonard A, Rai P. Current and emerging drug treatment strategies to tackle sickle cell anemia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38988318 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2379260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its discovery in the early 1900s, sickle cell disease (SCD) has contributed significantly to the scientific understanding of hemoglobin and hemoglobinopathies. Despite this, now almost a century later, optimal medical management and even curative options remain limited. Encouragingly, in the last decade, there has been a push toward advancing the care for individuals with SCD and a diversifying interest in options to manage this disorder. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the current state of disease modifying therapies for SCD including fetal hemoglobin inducers, monoclonal antibodies, anti-inflammatory modulators, and enzyme activators. We also discuss current curative strategies with specific interest in transformative gene therapies. EXPERT OPINION SCD is a chronic, progressive disease that despite a century of clinical description, only now is seeing a growth and advance in therapeutic options to improve the lifespan and quality of life for individuals with SCD. We anticipate newly designed and even repurposed therapies that may work as a single agent or combination agents to tackle the progression of SCD. The vast majority of individuals living with SCD are unlikely to receive gene therapy, therefore improved disease management is critical even for those that may ultimately chose to pursue a potentially curative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogindra Persaud
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Parul Rai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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50
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Bresnick EH, Papayannopoulou T, Migliaccio AR. Mechanistic and Biological Perspectives on Erythropoiesis. Exp Hematol 2024; 138:104286. [PMID: 39034024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
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