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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Hill TG, Hill DJ. The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4070. [PMID: 38612880 PMCID: PMC11012451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans are anatomically dispersed within the pancreas and exhibit regulatory coordination between islets in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. However, within individual islets, there is also multi-faceted coordination of function between individual beta-cells, and between beta-cells and other endocrine and vascular cell types. This is mediated partly through circulatory feedback of the major secreted hormones, insulin and glucagon, but also by autocrine and paracrine actions within the islet by a range of other secreted products, including somatostatin, urocortin 3, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1, acetylcholine, and ghrelin. Their availability can be modulated within the islet by pericyte-mediated regulation of microvascular blood flow. Within the islet, both endocrine progenitor cells and the ability of endocrine cells to trans-differentiate between phenotypes can alter endocrine cell mass to adapt to changed metabolic circumstances, regulated by the within-islet trophic environment. Optimal islet function is precariously balanced due to the high metabolic rate required by beta-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, and they are susceptible to oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress in the face of high metabolic demand. Resulting changes in paracrine dynamics within the islets can contribute to the emergence of Types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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3
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Chen QD, Liu L, Zhao XH, Liang JB, Li SW. Challenges and opportunities in the islet transplantation microenvironment: a comprehensive summary of inflammatory cytokine, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293762. [PMID: 38111575 PMCID: PMC10725940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that islet transplantation serves as a β-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. Many factors impact the survival of transplanted islets, especially those related to the microenvironment. This review explored microenvironmental components, including vascular endothelial cells, inflammatory cytokines, and immune cells, and their profound effects on post-islet transplantation survival rates. Furthermore, it revealed therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these elements. Current evidence suggests that vascular endothelial cells are pivotal in facilitating vascularization and nutrient supply and establishing a new microcirculation network for transplanted islets. Consequently, preserving the functionality of vascular endothelial cells emerges as a crucial strategy to enhance the survival of islet transplantation. Release of cytokines will lead to activation of immune cells and production and release of further cytokines. While immune cells hold undeniable significance in regulating immune responses, their activation can result in rejection reactions. Thus, establishing immunological tolerance within the recipient's body is essential for sustaining graft functionality. Indeed, future research endeavors should be directed toward developing precise strategies for modulating the microenvironment to achieve higher survival rates and more sustained transplantation outcomes. While acknowledging certain limitations inherent to this review, it provides valuable insights that can guide further exploration in the field of islet transplantation. In conclusion, the microenvironment plays a paramount role in islet transplantation. Importantly, we discuss novel perspectives that could lead to broader clinical applications and improved patient outcomes in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-dong Chen
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-hong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University , Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-bo Liang
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Townsend SE, Fuhr JD, Gannon M. Context-dependent effects of CCN2 on β-cell mass expansion and indicators of cell stress in the setting of acute and chronic stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E280-E290. [PMID: 37529833 PMCID: PMC10642983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of functional β-cell mass expansion can be beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Our group has previously demonstrated that the matricellular protein CCN2 can induce β-cell mass expansion during embryogenesis, and postnatally during pregnancy and after 50% β-cell injury. The mechanism by which CCN2 stimulates β-cell mass expansion is unknown. However, CCN2 does not induce β-cell proliferation in the setting of euglycemic and optimal functional β-cell mass. We thus hypothesized that β-cell stress is required for responsiveness to CCN2 treatment. In this study, a doxycycline-inducible β-cell-specific CCN2 transgenic mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effects of CCN2 on β-cell stress in the setting of acute (thapsigargin treatment ex vivo) or chronic [high-fat diet or leptin receptor haploinsufficiency (db/+) in vivo] cellular stress. CCN2 induction during 1 wk or 10 wk of high-fat diet or in db/+ mice had no effect on markers of β-cell stress. However, CCN2 induction did result in a significant increase in β-cell mass over high-fat diet alone when animals were fed high-fat diet for 10 wk, a duration known to induce insulin resistance. CCN2 induction in isolated islets treated with thapsigargin ex vivo resulted in upregulation of the gene encoding the Nrf2 transcription factor, a master regulator of antioxidant genes, suggesting that CCN2 further activates this pathway in the presence of cell stress. These studies indicate that the potential of CCN2 to induce β-cell mass expansion is context-dependent and that the presence of β-cell stress does not ensure β-cell proliferation in response to CCN2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CCN2 promotes β-cell mass expansion in settings of suboptimal β-cell mass. Here, we demonstrate that the ability of CCN2 to induce β-cell mass expansion in the setting of β-cell stress is context-dependent. Our results suggest that β-cell stress is necessary but insufficient for CCN2 to increase β-cell proliferation and mass. Furthermore, we found that CCN2 promotes upregulation of a key antioxidant transcription factor, suggesting that modulation of β-cell oxidative stress contributes to the actions of CCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Townsend
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer D Fuhr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Xega V, Alami T, Liu JL. Recent progress on the role of cellular communication network factors (CCN) 3, 4 and 6 in regulating adiposity, liver fibrosis and pancreatic islets. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00765-8. [PMID: 37245185 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN/WISP (cellular communication network factors, or Wnt-inducted secreted proteins) family of proteins consists of six extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins that regulate development, cell adhesion and proliferation, ECM remodeling, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In the last two decades, metabolic regulation by these matricellular proteins has been studied extensively, several excellent reviews have covered the roles of CCN1, -2 and - 5. In this brief review, we will focus on those lesser-known members and more recent discoveries, together with other recent articles presenting a more complete picture of the current state of knowledge. We have found that CCN2, -4, and - 5 promote pancreatic islet function, while CCN3 plays a unique and negative role. CCN3 and - 4 are pro-adiposity leading to insulin resistance, but CCN5 and - 6 are anti-adiposity. While CCN2 and - 4 promote tissue fibrosis and inflammation, all other four members are clearly anti-fibrotic. As for cellular signaling, they are known to interact with integrins, other cell membrane proteins and ECM thereby regulate Akt/protein kinase B, myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), and focal adhesion kinase. Yet, a cohesive mechanism of action to comprehensively explain those major functions is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Xega
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tara Alami
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- MeDiC Program, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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7
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RNA binding protein HuD mediates the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells by the regulation of Endostatin and Serpin E1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1019. [PMID: 36470872 PMCID: PMC9722926 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA binding protein HuD plays essential roles in gene expression by regulating RNA metabolism, and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Here, we explored HuD-mediated differential expression of secretory proteins in mouse insulinoma βTC6 cells using a cytokine array. Endostatin and Serpin E1 that play anti-angiogenic roles were identified as differentially expressed proteins by HuD. HuD knockdown increased the expression of α chain of collagen XVIII (Col18a1), a precursor form of endostatin, and Serpin E1 by associating with the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of Col18a1 and Serpin E1 mRNAs. Reporter analysis revealed that HuD knockdown increased the translation of EGFP reporters containing 3'UTRs of Col18a1 and Serpin E1 mRNAs, which suggests the role of HuD as a translational repressor. Co-cultures of βTC6 cells and pancreatic islet endothelial MS1 cells were used to assess the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells, and the results showed that HuD downregulation in βTC6 cells inhibited the growth and migration of MS1 cells. Ectopic expression of HuD decreased Col18a1 and Serpin E1 expression, while increasing the markers of islet vascular cells in the pancreas of db/db mice. Taken together, these results suggest that HuD has the potential to regulate the crosstalk between β cells and islet endothelial cells by regulating Endostatin and Serpin E1 expression, thereby contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis in the islet microenvironment.
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8
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Hazra R, Brine L, Garcia L, Benz B, Chirathivat N, Shen MM, Wilkinson JE, Lyons SK, Spector DL. Platr4 is an early embryonic lncRNA that exerts its function downstream on cardiogenic mesodermal lineage commitment. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2450-2468.e7. [PMID: 36347239 PMCID: PMC9680017 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed across tissues, suggesting their potential roles in cellular differentiation. Despite this expression pattern, little is known about how lncRNAs influence lineage commitment at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that perturbation of an embryonic stem cell/early embryonic lncRNA, pluripotency-associated transcript 4 (Platr4), directly influences the specification of cardiac-mesoderm-lineage differentiation. We show that Platr4 acts as a molecular scaffold or chaperone interacting with the Hippo-signaling pathway molecules Yap and Tead4 to regulate the expression of a downstream target gene, Ctgf, which is crucial to the cardiac-lineage program. Importantly, Platr4 knockout mice exhibit myocardial atrophy and valve mucinous degeneration, which are both associated with reduced cardiac output and sudden heart failure. Together, our findings provide evidence that Platr4 is required in cardiac-lineage specification and adult heart function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmani Hazra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Lily Brine
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Libia Garcia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Brian Benz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Napon Chirathivat
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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10
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Metabolic Effects of CCN5/WISP2 Gene Deficiency and Transgenic Overexpression in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413418. [PMID: 34948212 PMCID: PMC8709456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN5/WISP2 is a matricellular protein, the expression of which is under the regulation of Wnt signaling and IGF-1. Our initial characterization supports the notion that CCN5 might promote the proliferation and survival of pancreatic β-cells and thus improve the metabolic profile of the animals. More recently, the roles of endogenous expression of CCN5 and its ectopic, transgenic overexpression on metabolic regulation have been revealed through two reports. Here, we attempt to compare the experimental findings from those studies, side-by-side, in order to further establish its roles in metabolic regulation. Prominent among the discoveries was that a systemic deficiency of CCN5 gene expression caused adipocyte hypertrophy, increased adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation, resulting in insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which were further exacerbated upon high-fat diet feeding. On the other hand, the adipocyte-specific and systemic overexpression of CCN5 caused an increase in lean body mass, improved insulin sensitivity, hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, and increased heart mass, but decreased fasting glucose levels. CCN5 is clearly a regulator of adipocyte proliferation and maturation, affecting lean/fat mass ratio and insulin sensitivity. Not all results from these models are consistent; moreover, several important aspects of CCN5 physiology are yet to be explored.
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Ghezelayagh Z, Zabihi M, Kazemi Ashtiani M, Ghezelayagh Z, Lynn FC, Tahamtani Y. Recapitulating pancreatic cell-cell interactions through bioengineering approaches: the momentous role of non-epithelial cells for diabetes cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7107-7132. [PMID: 34613423 PMCID: PMC11072828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, extensive efforts have been made to generate in-vitro pancreatic micro-tissue, for disease modeling or cell replacement approaches in pancreatic related diseases such as diabetes mellitus. To obtain these goals, a closer look at the diverse cells participating in pancreatic development is necessary. Five major non-epithelial pancreatic (pN-Epi) cell populations namely, pancreatic endothelium, mesothelium, neural crests, pericytes, and stellate cells exist in pancreas throughout its development, and they are hypothesized to be endogenous inducers of the development. In this review, we discuss different pN-Epi cells migrating to and existing within the pancreas and their diverse effects on pancreatic epithelium during organ development mediated via associated signaling pathways, soluble factors or mechanical cell-cell interactions. In-vivo and in-vitro experiments, with a focus on N-Epi cells' impact on pancreas endocrine development, have also been considered. Pluripotent stem cell technology and multicellular three-dimensional organoids as new approaches to generate pancreatic micro-tissues have also been discussed. Main challenges for reaching a detailed understanding of the role of pN-Epi cells in pancreas development in utilizing for in-vitro recapitulation have been summarized. Finally, various novel and innovative large-scale bioengineering approaches which may help to recapitulate cell-cell interactions and are crucial for generation of large-scale in-vitro multicellular pancreatic micro-tissues, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zabihi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghezelayagh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery and School of Biomedical Engineering , University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Li J, Chen B, Fellows GF, Goodyer CG, Wang R. Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells Is Beneficial for Exocrine but Not Endocrine Cell Differentiation in the Developing Human Pancreas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:694276. [PMID: 34490247 PMCID: PMC8418189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are non-endocrine, mesenchymal-like cells that reside within the peri-pancreatic tissue of the rodent and human pancreas. PaSCs regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover in maintaining the integrity of pancreatic tissue architecture. Although there is evidence indicating that PaSCs are involved in islet cell survival and function, its role in islet cell differentiation during human pancreatic development remains unclear. The present study examines the expression pattern and functional role of PaSCs in islet cell differentiation of the developing human pancreas from late 1st to 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The presence of PaSCs in human pancreata (8–22 weeks of fetal age) was characterized by ultrastructural, immunohistological, quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting approaches. Using human fetal PaSCs derived from pancreata at 14–16 weeks, freshly isolated human fetal islet-epithelial cell clusters (hIECCs) were co-cultured with active or inactive PaSCs in vitro. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a population of PaSCs near ducts and newly formed islets that appeared to make complex cell-cell dendritic-like contacts. A small subset of PaSCs co-localized with pancreatic progenitor-associated transcription factors (PDX1, SOX9, and NKX6-1). PaSCs were highly proliferative, with significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PaSC markers (desmin, αSMA) during the 1st trimester of pregnancy compared to the 2nd trimester. Isolated human fetal PaSCs were identified by expression of stellate cell markers and ECM. Suppression of PaSC activation, using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), resulted in reduced PaSC proliferation and ECM proteins. Co-culture of hIECCs, directly on PaSCs or indirectly using Millicell® Inserts or using PaSC-conditioned medium, resulted in a reduction the number of insulin+ cells but a significant increase in the number of amylase+ cells. Suppression of PaSC activation or Notch activity during the co-culture resulted in an increase in beta-cell differentiation. This study determined that PaSCs, abundant during the 1st trimester of pancreatic development but decreased in the 2nd trimester, are located near ductal and islet structures. Direct and indirect co-cultures of hIECCs with PaSCs suggest that activation of PaSCs has opposing effects on beta-cell and exocrine cell differentiation during human fetal pancreas development, and that these effects may be dependent on Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bijun Chen
- Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - George F Fellows
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rennian Wang
- Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Ukah TK, Cattin-Roy AN, Davis GE, Zaghouani H. Formation of pancreatic β-cells from precursor cells contributes to the reversal of established type 1 diabetes. Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104360. [PMID: 33866285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ig-GAD2, an antigen-specific immune modulator, requires bone marrow (BM) cell transfer in order to restore beta (β)-cell formation and induce recovery from established type 1 diabetes (T1D). The BM cells provide endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) that give rise to islet resident endothelial cells (ECs). This study shows that, during development of T1D, the immune attack causes collateral damage to the islet vascular network. The EPC-derived ECs repair and restore islet blood vessel integrity. In addition, β-cell genetic tracing indicates that the newly formed β-cells originate from residual β-cells that escaped the immune attack and, unexpectedly, from β-cell precursors. This indicates that the rejuvenated islet microenvironment invigorates formation of new β-cells not only from residual β-cells but also from precursor cells. This is twofold significant from the perspective of precursor cells as a safe reserve for restoration of β-cell mass and its promise for therapy of T1D long after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobechukwu K Ukah
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Alexis N Cattin-Roy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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14
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Saunders DC, Aamodt KI, Richardson TM, Hopkirk AJ, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Jenkins R, Flaherty DK, Prasad N, Levy SE, Powers AC, Brissova M. Coordinated interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages in the islet microenvironment promote β cell regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33824346 PMCID: PMC8024255 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous β cell regeneration could alleviate diabetes, but proliferative stimuli within the islet microenvironment are incompletely understood. We previously found that β cell recovery following hypervascularization-induced β cell loss involves interactions with endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages (MΦs). Here we show that proliferative ECs modulate MΦ infiltration and phenotype during β cell loss, and recruited MΦs are essential for β cell recovery. Furthermore, VEGFR2 inactivation in quiescent ECs accelerates islet vascular regression during β cell recovery and leads to increased β cell proliferation without changes in MΦ phenotype or number. Transcriptome analysis of β cells, ECs, and MΦs reveals that β cell proliferation coincides with elevated expression of extracellular matrix remodeling molecules and growth factors likely driving activation of proliferative signaling pathways in β cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a new β cell regeneration paradigm whereby coordinated interactions between intra-islet MΦs, ECs, and extracellular matrix mediate β cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristie I Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany M Richardson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander J Hopkirk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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15
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Burganova G, Bridges C, Thorn P, Landsman L. The Role of Vascular Cells in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667170. [PMID: 33981287 PMCID: PMC8109179 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing β-cells constitute the majority of the cells in the pancreatic islets. Dysfunction of these cells is a key factor in the loss of glucose regulation that characterizes type 2 diabetes. The regulation of many of the functions of β-cells relies on their close interaction with the intra-islet microvasculature, comprised of endothelial cells and pericytes. In addition to providing islet blood supply, cells of the islet vasculature directly regulate β-cell activity through the secretion of growth factors and other molecules. These factors come from capillary mural pericytes and endothelial cells, and have been shown to promote insulin gene expression, insulin secretion, and β-cell proliferation. This review focuses on the intimate crosstalk of the vascular cells and β-cells and its role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Burganova
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claire Bridges
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Thorn
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Limor Landsman
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Limor Landsman,
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16
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Alessandra G, Algerta M, Paola M, Carsten S, Cristina L, Paolo M, Elisa M, Gabriella T, Carla P. Shaping Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Functioning: The Influence of Mechanotransduction. Cells 2020; 9:E413. [PMID: 32053947 PMCID: PMC7072458 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in generating β-cells for both replacing medicine and novel therapeutic discoveries in diabetes mellitus. However, their differentiation in vitro is still inefficient, and functional studies reveal that most of these β-like cells still fail to fully mirror the adult β-cell physiology. For their proper growth and functioning, β-cells require a very specific environment, the islet niche, which provides a myriad of chemical and physical signals. While the nature and effects of chemical stimuli have been widely characterized, less is known about the mechanical signals. We here review the current status of knowledge of biophysical cues provided by the niche where β-cells normally live and differentiate, and we underline the possible machinery designated for mechanotransduction in β-cells. Although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, the analysis reveals that β-cells are equipped with all mechanosensors and signaling proteins actively involved in mechanotransduction in other cell types, and they respond to mechanical cues by changing their behavior. By engineering microenvironments mirroring the biophysical niche properties it is possible to elucidate the β-cell mechanotransductive-regulatory mechanisms and to harness them for the promotion of β-cell differentiation capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galli Alessandra
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marku Algerta
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marciani Paola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Schulte Carsten
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lenardi Cristina
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milani Paolo
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maffioli Elisa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tedeschi Gabriella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Perego Carla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
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17
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Nakayasu ES, Syed F, Tersey SA, Gritsenko MA, Mitchell HD, Chan CY, Dirice E, Turatsinze JV, Cui Y, Kulkarni RN, Eizirik DL, Qian WJ, Webb-Robertson BJM, Evans-Molina C, Mirmira RG, Metz TO. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of Stressed Human Islets Identifies GDF15 as a Target for Type 1 Diabetes Intervention. Cell Metab 2020; 31:363-374.e6. [PMID: 31928885 PMCID: PMC7319177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the progressive loss of β cells, a process propagated by pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling that disrupts the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. To identify proteins involved in this process, we performed comprehensive proteomics of human pancreatic islets treated with interleukin-1β and interferon-γ, leading to the identification of 11,324 proteins, of which 387 were significantly regulated by treatment. We then tested the function of growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which was repressed by the treatment. We found that GDF15 translation was blocked during inflammation, and it was depleted in islets from individuals with T1D. The addition of exogenous GDF15 inhibited interleukin-1β+interferon-γ-induced apoptosis of human islets. Administration of GDF15 reduced by 53% the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice. Our approach provides a unique resource for the identification of the human islet proteins regulated by cytokines and was effective in discovering a potential target for T1D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chi Yuet Chan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Valery Turatsinze
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie-Jo M Webb-Robertson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Computing and Analytics Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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18
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Staels W, Heremans Y, Heimberg H, De Leu N. VEGF-A and blood vessels: a beta cell perspective. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1961-1968. [PMID: 31414144 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal signalling between the endothelium and the pancreatic epithelium is crucial for coordinated differentiation of the embryonic endocrine and exocrine pancreas. In the adult pancreas, islets depend on their dense capillary network to adequately respond to changes in plasma glucose levels. Vascular changes contribute to the onset and progression of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Impaired revascularisation of islets transplanted in individuals with type 1 diabetes is linked to islet graft failure and graft loss. This review summarises our understanding of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and endothelial cells in beta cell development, physiology and disease. In addition, the therapeutic potential of modulating VEGF-A levels in beta and beta-like cells for transplantation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Staels
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Yves Heremans
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, Aalst, Belgium.
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19
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Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) are not only a barrier between the circulation and peripheral tissues, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and platelet function. Dysregulation of ECs contributes to pathological conditions such as vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cancer. The close anatomic relationship between vascular endothelium and highly vascularized metabolic organs/tissues suggests that the crosstalk between ECs and these organs is vital for both vascular and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous reports support that hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic stresses result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. However, how ECs may regulate metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that the vascular endothelium plays an unexpected role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and that endothelial dysregulation directly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of ECs in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In particular, we introduce the concept that the endothelium adjusts its barrier function to control the transendothelial transport of fatty acids, lipoproteins, LPLs (lipoprotein lipases), glucose, and insulin. In addition, we summarize reports that ECs communicate with metabolic cells through EC-secreted factors and we discuss how endothelial dysregulation contributes directly to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defects, and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Pi
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
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20
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Townsend SE, Gannon M. Extracellular Matrix-Associated Factors Play Critical Roles in Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation and Survival. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1885-1894. [PMID: 31271410 PMCID: PMC6656423 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes formation of the islet basement membrane and the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in β-cell proliferation and survival. Implications for islet transplantation are discussed. The insulin-producing β-cell is key for maintaining glucose homeostasis. The islet microenvironment greatly influences β-cell survival and proliferation. Within the islet, β-cells contact the ECM, which is deposited primarily by intraislet endothelial cells, and this interaction has been shown to modulate proliferation and survival. ECM-localized growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and cellular communication network 2, signal through specific receptors and integrins on the β-cell surface. Further understanding of how the ECM functions to influence β-cell proliferation and survival will provide targets for enhancing functional β-cell mass for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Townsend
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Correspondence: Maureen Gannon, PhD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, MRB IV 7465, Nashville, Tennessee 37232. E-mail:
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21
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Oshima M, Knoch KP, Diedisheim M, Petzold A, Cattan P, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Choudhary P, Huang GC, Bornstein SR, Solimena M, Albagli-Curiel O, Scharfmann R. Virus-like infection induces human β cell dedifferentiation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97732. [PMID: 29415896 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Environmental factors such as viruses play an important role in the onset of T1D and interact with predisposing genes. Recent data suggest that viral infection of human islets leads to a decrease in insulin production rather than β cell death, suggesting loss of β cell identity. We undertook this study to examine whether viral infection could induce human β cell dedifferentiation. Using the functional human β cell line EndoC-βH1, we demonstrate that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA that mimics a byproduct of viral replication, induces a decrease in β cell-specific gene expression. In parallel with this loss, the expression of progenitor-like genes such as SOX9 was activated following PolyI:C treatment or enteroviral infection. SOX9 was induced by the NF-κB pathway and also in a paracrine non-cell-autonomous fashion through the secretion of IFN-α. Lastly, we identified SOX9 targets in human β cells as potentially new markers of dedifferentiation in T1D. These findings reveal that inflammatory signaling has clear implications in human β cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Oshima
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Klaus-Peter Knoch
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antje Petzold
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pierre Cattan
- Cell Therapy Unit Hospital Saint-Louis and University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Denmark Hill, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guo-Cai Huang
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Denmark Hill, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olivier Albagli-Curiel
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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22
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Ardestani A, Maedler K. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: Functions and Regulations. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:21-35. [PMID: 29053790 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that critically regulates development and homeostasis of various tissues in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals. As an emerging important player in many diseases, the Hippo pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes on the level of the pancreatic islets. Multiple lines of evidence uncover the importance of Hippo signaling in pancreas development as well as in the regulation of β-cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Hippo therefore represents a potential target for therapeutic agents designed to improve β-cell function and survival in diabetes. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the pancreas/in pancreatic islets, its functions on β-cell homeostasis in physiology and pathophysiology, and its contribution toward diabetes progression. The current knowledge related to general mechanisms of action and the possibility of exploiting the Hippo pathway for therapeutic approaches to block β-cell failure in diabetes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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23
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Pasek RC, Dunn JC, Elsakr JM, Aramandla M, Matta AR, Gannon M. Vascular-derived connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is critical for pregnancy-induced β cell hyperplasia in adult mice. Islets 2017; 9:150-158. [PMID: 29111856 PMCID: PMC5710701 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1356963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal β cells undergo compensatory changes including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Failure of these adaptations to occur can result in gestational diabetes mellitus. The secreted protein, Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), is critical for normal β cell development and promotes regeneration after partial β cell ablation. During embryogenesis, Ctgf is expressed in pancreatic ducts, vasculature, and β cells. In the adult pancreas, Ctgf is expressed only in the vasculature. Here, we report that pregnant mice with global Ctgf haploinsufficiency (CtgfLacZ/+) have an impairment in maternal β cell proliferation, while β cell proliferation in virgin CtgfLacZ/+ females is unaffected. Additionally, α-cell proliferation, β cell size, and GSIS were unaffected in CtgfLacZ/+ mice, suggesting that vascular-derived Ctgf has a specific role in islet compensation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph M. Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mounika Aramandla
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anveetha R. Matta
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- CONTACT Maureen Gannon Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Ave., 7465 MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0475
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24
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Aamodt KI, Powers AC. Signals in the pancreatic islet microenvironment influence β-cell proliferation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:124-136. [PMID: 28880471 PMCID: PMC5679109 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of pancreatic β-cell mass that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a primary factor driving efforts to identify strategies for effectively increasing, enhancing or restoring β-cell mass. While factors that seem to influence β-cell proliferation in specific contexts have been described, reliable stimulation of human β-cell proliferation has remained a challenge. Importantly, β-cells exist in the context of a complex, integrated pancreatic islet microenvironment where they interact with other endocrine cells, vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix, neuronal projections and islet macrophages. This review highlights different components of the pancreatic microenvironment, and reviews what is known about how signaling that occurs between β-cells and these other components influences β-cell proliferation. Future efforts to further define the role of the pancreatic islet microenvironment on β-cell proliferation may lead to the development of successful approaches to increase or restore β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie I. Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Eter WA, Van der Kroon I, Andralojc K, Buitinga M, Willekens SMA, Frielink C, Bos D, Joosten L, Boerman OC, Brom M, Gotthardt M. Non-invasive in vivo determination of viable islet graft volume by 111In-exendin-3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7232. [PMID: 28775287 PMCID: PMC5543140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the duration of long-term graft survival is limited due to inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory processes and routine clinical tests are not suitable to monitor islet survival. 111In-exendin-SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) is a promising method to non-invasively image islets after transplantation and has the potential to help improve the clinical outcome. Whether 111In-exendin-SPECT allows detecting small differences in beta-cell mass (BCM) and measuring the actual volume of islets that were successfully engrafted has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we evaluated the performance of 111In-exendin-SPECT using an intramuscular islet transplantation model in C3H mice. In vivo imaging of animals transplanted with 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 islets revealed an excellent linear correlation between SPECT quantification of 111In-exendin uptake and insulin-positive area of islet transplants, demonstrating that 111In-exendin-SPECT specifically and accurately measures BCM. The high sensitivity of the method allowed measuring small differences in graft volumes, including grafts that contained less than 50 islets. The presented method is reliable, convenient and holds great potential for non-invasive monitoring of BCM after islet transplantation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Eter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Van der Kroon
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Andralojc
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie M A Willekens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne Frielink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desiree Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Joosten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Liu JL, Kaddour N, Chowdhury S, Li Q, Gao ZH. Role of CCN5 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2) in pancreatic islets. J Diabetes 2017; 9:462-474. [PMID: 27863006 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of direct targets of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 action, we discovered CCN5 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 [WISP2]) as a novel protein expressed in pancreatic β-cells. As a member of the "CCN" ( C ysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 [Cyr61], C onnective tissue growth factor [CTGF in humans], and N ephroblastoma overexpressed [Nov; in chickens]) family, the expression of CCN5/WISP2 is stimulated by IGF-1 together with Wnt signaling. When overexpressed in insulinoma cells, CCN5 promotes cell proliferation and cell survival against streptozotocin-induced cell death. The cell proliferation effect seems to be caused by AKT phosphorylation and increased cyclin D1 levels. These properties resemble those of CCN2/CTGF, another isoform of the CCN family, although CCN5 is the only one within the family of six proteins that lacks the C-terminal repeat. Treatment of primary mouse islets with recombinant CCN5 protein produced similar effects to those of gene transfection, indicating that either as a matricellular protein or a secreted growth factor, CCN5 stimulates β-cell proliferation and regeneration in a paracrine fashion. This review also discusses the regulation of CCN5/WISP2 by estrogen and its involvement in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Liu
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nancy Kaddour
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Subrata Chowdhury
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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27
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Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Dhanasekaran M, Tucker W, Patel A, Subhashree V, Mokshagundam S, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Intra-islet endothelial cell and β-cell crosstalk: Implication for islet cell transplantation. World J Transplant 2017; 7:117-128. [PMID: 28507914 PMCID: PMC5409911 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v7.i2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra-islet microvasculature is a critical interface between the blood and islet endocrine cells governing a number of cellular and pathophysiological processes associated with the pancreatic tissue. A growing body of evidence indicates a strong functional and physical interdependency of β-cells with endothelial cells (ECs), the building blocks of islet microvasculature. Intra-islet ECs, actively regulate vascular permeability and appear to play a role in fine-tuning blood glucose sensing and regulation. These cells also tend to behave as “guardians”, controlling the expression and movement of a number of important immune mediators, thereby strongly contributing to the physiology of islets. This review will focus on the molecular signalling and crosstalk between the intra-islet ECs and β-cells and how their relationship can be a potential target for intervention strategies in islet pathology and islet transplantation.
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28
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Serafimidis I, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Lesche M, Yoshioka K, Takuwa Y, Dahl A, Pan D, Gavalas A. Pancreas lineage allocation and specification are regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000949. [PMID: 28248965 PMCID: PMC5331964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, progenitor expansion, lineage allocation, and implementation of differentiation programs need to be tightly coordinated so that different cell types are generated in the correct numbers for appropriate tissue size and function. Pancreatic dysfunction results in some of the most debilitating and fatal diseases, including pancreatic cancer and diabetes. Several transcription factors regulating pancreas lineage specification have been identified, and Notch signalling has been implicated in lineage allocation, but it remains unclear how these processes are coordinated. Using a combination of genetic approaches, organotypic cultures of embryonic pancreata, and genomics, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1p), signalling through the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) S1pr2, plays a key role in pancreas development linking lineage allocation and specification. S1pr2 signalling promotes progenitor survival as well as acinar and endocrine specification. S1pr2-mediated stabilisation of the yes-associated protein (YAP) is essential for endocrine specification, thus linking a regulator of progenitor growth with specification. YAP stabilisation and endocrine cell specification rely on Gαi subunits, revealing an unexpected specificity of selected GPCR intracellular signalling components. Finally, we found that S1pr2 signalling posttranscriptionally attenuates Notch signalling levels, thus regulating lineage allocation. Both S1pr2-mediated YAP stabilisation and Notch attenuation are necessary for the specification of the endocrine lineage. These findings identify S1p signalling as a novel key pathway coordinating cell survival, lineage allocation, and specification and linking these processes by regulating YAP levels and Notch signalling. Understanding lineage allocation and specification in the pancreas will shed light in the origins of pancreatic diseases and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Serafimidis
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center (BioZ), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center (BioZ), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Pasek RC, Dunn JC, Elsakr JM, Aramandla M, Matta AR, Gannon M. Connective tissue growth factor is critical for proper β-cell function and pregnancy-induced β-cell hyperplasia in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E564-74. [PMID: 27460898 PMCID: PMC5142004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal β-cells undergo compensatory changes, including increased β-cell mass and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Failure of these adaptations to occur results in gestational diabetes mellitus. The secreted protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is critical for normal β-cell development and promotes regeneration after partial β-cell ablation. During embryogenesis, CTGF is expressed in pancreatic ducts, vasculature, and β-cells. In adult pancreas, CTGF is expressed only in the vasculature. Here we show that pregnant mice with global Ctgf haploinsufficiency (Ctgf(LacZ/+)) have an impairment in maternal β-cell proliferation; no difference was observed in virgin Ctgf(LacZ/+) females. Using a conditional CTGF allele, we found that mice with a specific inactivation of CTGF in endocrine cells (Ctgf(ΔEndo)) develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, but this is due to a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rather than impaired maternal β-cell proliferation. Moreover, virgin Ctgf(ΔEndo) females also display impaired GSIS with glucose intolerance, indicating that underlying β-cell dysfunction precedes the development of gestational diabetes in this animal model. This is the first time a role for CTGF in β-cell function has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Mounika Aramandla
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anveetha R Matta
- School for Science and Math, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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30
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Henley KD, Stanescu DE, Kropp PA, Wright CVE, Won KJ, Stoffers DA, Gannon M. Threshold-Dependent Cooperativity of Pdx1 and Oc1 in Pancreatic Progenitors Establishes Competency for Endocrine Differentiation and β-Cell Function. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2637-2650. [PMID: 27292642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pdx1 and Oc1 are co-expressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitors and regulate the pro-endocrine gene Neurog3. Their expression diverges in later organogenesis, with Oc1 absent from hormone+ cells and Pdx1 maintained in mature β cells. In a classical genetic test for cooperative functional interactions, we derived mice with combined Pdx1 and Oc1 heterozygosity. Endocrine development in double-heterozygous pancreata was normal at embryonic day (E)13.5, but defects in specification and differentiation were apparent at E15.5, the height of the second wave of differentiation. Pancreata from double heterozygotes showed alterations in the expression of genes crucial for β-cell development and function, decreased numbers and altered allocation of Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitors, and defective endocrine differentiation. Defects in islet gene expression and β-cell function persisted in double heterozygous neonates. These results suggest that Oc1 and Pdx1 cooperate prior to their divergence, in pancreatic progenitors, to allow for proper differentiation and functional maturation of β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Henley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Diana E Stanescu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Peter A Kropp
- Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
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31
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Maintaining human fetal pancreatic stellate cell function and proliferation require β1 integrin and collagen I matrix interactions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14045-59. [PMID: 26062655 PMCID: PMC4546450 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are cells that are located around the acinar, ductal, and vasculature tissue of the rodent and human pancreas, and are responsible for regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and maintaining the architecture of pancreatic tissue. This study examines the contributions of integrin receptor signaling in human PaSC function and survival. Human PaSCs were isolated from pancreata collected during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and identified by expression of stellate cell markers, ECM proteins and associated growth factors. Multiple integrins are found in isolated human PaSCs, with high levels of β1, α3 and α5. Cell adhesion and migration assays demonstrated that human PaSCs favour collagen I matrix, which enhanced PaSC proliferation and increased TGFβ1, CTGF and α3β1 integrin. Significant activation of FAK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways, and up-regulation of cyclin D1 protein levels, were observed within PaSCs cultured on collagen I matrix. Blocking β1 integrin significantly decreased PaSC adhesion, migration and proliferation, further complementing the aforementioned findings. This study demonstrates that interaction of β1 integrin with collagen I is required for the proliferation and function of human fetal PaSCs, which may contribute to the biomedical engineering of the ECM microenvironment needed for the efficient regulation of pancreatic development.
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32
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Deng Y, Matsui Y, Pan W, Li Q, Lai ZC. Yap1 plays a protective role in suppressing free fatty acid-induced apoptosis and promoting beta-cell survival. Protein Cell 2016; 7:362-72. [PMID: 27000077 PMCID: PMC4853318 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pancreatic β-cells play a pivotal role in development and glucose homeostasis through the production and secretion of insulin. Functional failure or decrease in β-cell number leads to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the physiological importance of β-cells, the viability of β-cells is often challenged mainly due to its poor ability to adapt to their changing microenvironment. One of the factors that negatively affect β-cell viability is high concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) such as palmitate. In this work, we demonstrated that Yes-associated protein (Yap1) is activated when β-cells are treated with palmitate. Our loss- and gain-of-function analyses using rodent insulinoma cell lines revealed that Yap1 suppresses palmitate-induced apoptosis in β-cells without regulating their proliferation. We also found that upon palmitate treatment, re-arrangement of F-actin mediates Yap1 activation. Palmitate treatment increases expression of one of the Yap1 target genes, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Our gain-of-function analysis with CTGF suggests CTGF may be the downstream factor of Yap1 in the protective mechanism against FFA-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoting Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yurika Matsui
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenfei Pan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Zhi-Chun Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China. .,Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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33
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George NM, Boerner BP, Mir SUR, Guinn Z, Sarvetnick NE. Exploiting Expression of Hippo Effector, Yap, for Expansion of Functional Islet Mass. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1594-607. [PMID: 26378466 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of pancreas β-cell function is the precipitating factor in all forms of diabetes. Cell replacement therapies, such as islet transplantation, remain the best hope for a cure; however, widespread implementation of this method is hampered by availability of donor tissue. Thus, strategies that expand functional β-cell mass are crucial for widespread usage in diabetes cell replacement therapy. Here, we investigate the regulation of the Hippo-target protein, Yes-associated protein (Yap), during development of the endocrine pancreas and its function after reactivation in human cadaveric islets. Our results demonstrate that Yap expression is extinguished at the mRNA level after neurogenin-3-dependent specification of the pancreas endocrine lineage, correlating with proliferation decreases in these cells. Interestingly, when a constitutively active form of Yap was expressed in human cadaver islets robust increases in proliferation were noted within insulin-producing β-cells. Importantly, proliferation in these cells occurs without negatively affecting β-cell differentiation or functional status. Finally, we show that the proproliferative mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated after Yap expression, providing at least one explanation for the observed increases in β-cell proliferation. Together, these results provide a foundation for manipulating Yap activity as a novel approach to expand functional islet mass for diabetes regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M George
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program (N.M.G., B.P.B., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Department of Surgery (N.M.G., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, Nebraska; and Department of Internal Medicine (B.P.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Brian P Boerner
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program (N.M.G., B.P.B., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Department of Surgery (N.M.G., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, Nebraska; and Department of Internal Medicine (B.P.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shakeel U R Mir
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program (N.M.G., B.P.B., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Department of Surgery (N.M.G., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, Nebraska; and Department of Internal Medicine (B.P.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Zachary Guinn
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program (N.M.G., B.P.B., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Department of Surgery (N.M.G., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, Nebraska; and Department of Internal Medicine (B.P.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Nora E Sarvetnick
- Holland Regenerative Medicine Program (N.M.G., B.P.B., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198; Department of Surgery (N.M.G., S.U.R.M., Z.G., N.E.S.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, Nebraska; and Department of Internal Medicine (B.P.B.), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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34
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Márquez-Aguirre AL, Canales-Aguirre AA, Padilla-Camberos E, Esquivel-Solis H, Díaz-Martínez NE. Development of the endocrine pancreas and novel strategies for β-cell mass restoration and diabetes therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:765-76. [PMID: 26176316 PMCID: PMC4568803 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a serious public health problem owing to its global
prevalence in the last decade. The causes of this metabolic disease include
dysfunction and/or insufficient number of β cells. Existing diabetes mellitus
treatments do not reverse or control the disease. Therefore, β-cell mass restoration
might be a promising treatment. Several restoration approaches have been developed:
inducing the proliferation of remaining insulin-producing cells, de
novo islet formation from pancreatic progenitor cells (neogenesis), and
converting non-β cells within the pancreas to β cells (transdifferentiation) are the
most direct, simple, and least invasive ways to increase β-cell mass. However, their
clinical significance is yet to be determined. Hypothetically, β cells or islet
transplantation methods might be curative strategies for diabetes mellitus; however,
the scarcity of donors limits the clinical application of these approaches. Thus,
alternative cell sources for β-cell replacement could include embryonic stem cells,
induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. However, most
differentiated cells obtained using these techniques are functionally immature and
show poor glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared with native β cells.
Currently, their clinical use is still hampered by ethical issues and the risk of
tumor development post transplantation. In this review, we briefly summarize the
current knowledge of mouse pancreas organogenesis, morphogenesis, and maturation,
including the molecular mechanisms involved. We then discuss two possible approaches
of β-cell mass restoration for diabetes mellitus therapy: β-cell regeneration and
β-cell replacement. We critically analyze each strategy with respect to the
accessibility of the cells, potential risk to patients, and possible clinical
outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Márquez-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX
| | - A A Canales-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX
| | - H Esquivel-Solis
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX
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Lee CH, Lee FY, Tarafder S, Kao K, Jun Y, Yang G, Mao JJ. Harnessing endogenous stem/progenitor cells for tendon regeneration. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2690-701. [PMID: 26053662 DOI: 10.1172/jci81589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current stem cell-based strategies for tissue regeneration involve ex vivo manipulation of these cells to confer features of the desired progenitor population. Recently, the concept that endogenous stem/progenitor cells could be used for regenerating tissues has emerged as a promising approach that potentially overcomes the obstacles related to cell transplantation. Here we applied this strategy for the regeneration of injured tendons in a rat model. First, we identified a rare fraction of tendon cells that was positive for the known tendon stem cell marker CD146 and exhibited clonogenic capacity, as well as multilineage differentiation ability. These tendon-resident CD146+ stem/progenitor cells were selectively enriched by connective tissue growth factor delivery (CTGF delivery) in the early phase of tendon healing, followed by tenogenic differentiation in the later phase. The time-controlled proliferation and differentiation of CD146+ stem/progenitor cells by CTGF delivery successfully led to tendon regeneration with densely aligned collagen fibers, normal level of cellularity, and functional restoration. Using siRNA knockdown to evaluate factors involved in tendon generation, we demonstrated that the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates CTGF-induced proliferation and differentiation of CD146+ stem/progenitor cells. Together, our findings support the use of endogenous stem/progenitor cells as a strategy for tendon regeneration without cell transplantation and suggest this approach warrants exploration in other tissues.
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Riley KG, Pasek RC, Maulis MF, Dunn JC, Bolus WR, Kendall PL, Hasty AH, Gannon M. Macrophages are essential for CTGF-mediated adult β-cell proliferation after injury. Mol Metab 2015; 4:584-91. [PMID: 26266091 PMCID: PMC4529497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Promotion of endogenous β-cell mass expansion could facilitate regeneration in patients with diabetes. We discovered that the secreted protein CTGF (aka CCN2) promotes adult β-cell replication and mass regeneration after injury via increasing β-cell immaturity and shortening the replicative refractory period. However, the mechanism of CTGF-mediated β-cell proliferation is unknown. Here we focused on whether CTGF alters cells of the immune system to enhance β-cell replication. Methods Using mouse models for 50% β-cell ablation and conditional, β-cell-specific CTGF induction, we assessed changes in immune cell populations by performing immunolabeling and gene expression analyses. We tested the requirement for macrophages in CTGF-mediated β-cell proliferation via clodronate-based macrophage depletion. Results CTGF induction after 50% β-cell ablation increased both macrophages and T-cells in islets. An upregulation in the expression of several macrophage and T-cell chemoattractant genes was also observed in islets. Gene expression analyses suggest an increase in M1 and a decrease in M2 macrophage markers. Depletion of macrophages (without changes in T cell number) blocked CTGF-mediated β-cell proliferation and prevented the increase in β-cell immaturity. Conclusions Our data show that macrophages are critical for CTGF-mediated adult β-cell proliferation in the setting of partial β-cell ablation. This is the first study to link a specific β-cell proliferative factor with immune-mediated β-cell proliferation in a β-cell injury model. Following partial beta cell ablation, induction of CTGF in beta cells increases the number of pancreatic macrophages and T cells. Increased macrophages are found preferentially within islets. Expression of genes involved in macrophage and T cell chemoattraction is increased in islets following CTGF induction. Depletion of macrophages completely abrogates CTGF-mediated increases in beta cell proliferation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G. Riley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C. Pasek
- Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer C. Dunn
- Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W. Reid Bolus
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peggy L. Kendall
- Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 2213 Garland Avenue 7465 MRBIV, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, TN 37232-0475, USA. Tel.: +1 615 936 2676; fax: +1 615 936 1667.
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Riley KG, Pasek RC, Maulis MF, Peek J, Thorel F, Brigstock DR, Herrera PL, Gannon M. Connective tissue growth factor modulates adult β-cell maturity and proliferation to promote β-cell regeneration in mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:1284-98. [PMID: 25392241 PMCID: PMC4375083 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of endogenous β-cell expansion could facilitate regeneration in patients with diabetes. In mice, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is expressed in embryonic β-cells and in adult β-cells during periods of expansion. We discovered that in embryos CTGF is necessary for β-cell proliferation, and increased CTGF in β-cells promotes proliferation of immature (MafA(-)) insulin-positive cells. CTGF overexpression, under nonstimulatory conditions, does not increase adult β-cell proliferation. In this study, we tested the ability of CTGF to promote β-cell proliferation and regeneration after partial β-cell destruction. β-Cell mass reaches 50% recovery after 4 weeks of CTGF treatment, primarily via increased β-cell proliferation, which is enhanced as early as 2 days of treatment. CTGF treatment increases the number of immature β-cells but promotes proliferation of both mature and immature β-cells. A shortened β-cell replication refractory period is also observed. CTGF treatment upregulates positive cell-cycle regulators and factors involved in β-cell proliferation, including hepatocyte growth factor, serotonin synthesis, and integrin β1. Ex vivo treatment of whole islets with recombinant human CTGF induces β-cell replication and gene expression changes consistent with those observed in vivo, demonstrating that CTGF acts directly on islets to promote β-cell replication. Thus, CTGF can induce replication of adult mouse β-cells given a permissive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Riley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Pasek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jennifer Peek
- The School for Science and Math at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R Brigstock
- Center for Cell and Vascular Biology, Children's Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Increased CCN2, substance P and tissue fibrosis are associated with sensorimotor declines in a rat model of repetitive overuse injury. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:37-54. [PMID: 25617052 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Key clinical features of cumulative trauma disorders include pain, muscle weakness, and tissue fibrosis, although the etiology is still under investigation. Here, we characterized the temporal pattern of altered sensorimotor behaviors and inflammatory and fibrogenic processes occurring in forearm muscles and serum of young adult, female rats performing an operant, high repetition high force (HRHF) reaching and grasping task for 6, 12, or 18 weeks. Palmar mechanical sensitivity, cold temperature avoidance and spontaneous behavioral changes increased, while grip strength declined, in 18-week HRHF rats, compared to controls. Flexor digitorum muscles had increased MCP-1 levels after training and increased TNFalpha in 6-week HRHF rats. Serum had increased IL-1beta, IL-10 and IP-10 after training. Yet both muscle and serum inflammation resolved by week 18. In contrast, IFNγ increased at week 18 in both muscle and serum. Given the anti-fibrotic role of IFNγ, and to identify a mechanism for the continued grip strength losses and behavioral sensitivities, we evaluated the fibrogenic proteins CCN2, collagen type I and TGFB1, as well as the nociceptive/fibrogenic peptide substance P. Each increased in and around flexor digitorum muscles and extracellular matrix in the mid-forearm, and in nerves of the forepaw at 18 weeks. CCN2 was also increased in serum at week 18. At a time when inflammation had subsided, increases in fibrogenic proteins correlated with sensorimotor declines. Thus, muscle and nerve fibrosis may be critical components of chronic work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CCN2 and substance P may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and CCN2 as a serum biomarker of fibrosis progression.
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Iso Y, Rao KS, Poole CN, Zaman AKMT, Curril I, Sobel BE, Kajstura J, Anversa P, Spees JL. Priming with ligands secreted by human stromal progenitor cells promotes grafts of cardiac stem/progenitor cells after myocardial infarction. Stem Cells 2014; 32:674-83. [PMID: 24022988 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of culture-expanded adult stem/progenitor cells often results in poor cellular engraftment, survival, and migration into sites of tissue injury. Mesenchymal cells including fibroblasts and stromal cells secrete factors that protect injured tissues, promote tissue repair, and support many types of stem/progenitor cells in culture. We hypothesized that secreted factors in conditioned medium (CdM) from adult bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) could be used to prime adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs) and improve graft success after myocardial infarction (MI). Incubation of adult rat CPCs in CdM from human MSCs isolated by plastic adherence or by magnetic sorting against CD271 (a.k.a., p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor; p75MSCs) induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt in CPCs, supporting their proliferation under normoxic conditions and survival under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen). Priming CSCs with 30× p75MSC CdM for 30 minutes prior to transplantation into subepicardial tissue 1 day after MI markedly increased engraftment compared with vehicle priming. Screening CdM with neutralizing/blocking antibodies identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Insulin as key factors in p75MSC CdM that protected CPCs. Human CTGF peptide (CTGF-D4) and Insulin synergistically promoted CPC survival during hypoxia in culture. Similar to CdM priming, priming of CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin for 30 minutes prior to transplantation promoted robust engraftment, survival, and migration of CSC derivatives at 1 week and 1 month after MI. Our results indicate that short-term priming of human CSCs with CTGF-D4 and Insulin may improve graft success and cardiac regeneration in patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Iso
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core and, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, USA
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Abstract
Systemic administration of antiangiogenic drugs that target components of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A; VEGF) signal transduction pathway has become a viable therapeutic option for patients with various types of cancer. Nevertheless, these drugs can drive alterations in healthy vasculatures, which in turn are associated with adverse effects in healthy tissues. VEGF is crucial for vascular homeostasis and the maintenance of vascular integrity and architecture in endocrine organs. Given these critical physiological functions, systemic delivery of drugs that target VEGF signalling can block VEGF-mediated vascular functions in endocrine organs, such as the thyroid gland, and lead to endocrine dysfunction, including hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and altered insulin sensitivity. This Review discusses emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that contributes to understanding the mechanisms that underlie the vascular changes and subsequent modulations of endocrine function that are induced by targeted inhibition of VEGF signalling. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for the design of antiangiogenic drugs with minimal associated adverse effects that will enable effective treatment of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels vag 16, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The islets of Langerhans is the endocrine function region of pancreas, which exist in five cell types. The majority of endocrine cells are insulin-secreting β cells, mixed up with glucagon-secreting α-cells. The islets of Langerhans are highly vascularized, and the capillary network around the islet is about five times denser than that in the exocrine tissues. It guarantees endocrine cells adequately contact with the capillary networks. Above mentioned is the basis of deep study the interaction between β cells and capillary. Increasing number of studies contribute to the consensus that endothelial cells have positive effects in the islet microenvironment. Endothelial cells can act as endocrine cells which release many active substances, such as hepatocyte growth factors (HGF), thrombospondin-1(TSP-1), laminins, and collagens by means of different molecule pathways, inducing β cells differentiation, proliferation, survivor, and insulin release next to the vessels. Apart from the effect of endothelial cells on β cells by paracrine fashion, the islets can utilize VEGF-A, angiopoietin-1 and insulin signaling to increase the interaction with endothelial cells. As the endocrine role of endothelial cells to β cells, it may be a novel target to stimulate β cells regeneration, promote vascularization post islet transplantation strategy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Cao
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, P.R.China
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Hiriart M, Velasco M, Larqué C, Diaz-Garcia CM. Metabolic Syndrome and Ionic Channels in Pancreatic Beta Cells. THE PANCREATIC BETA CELL 2014; 95:87-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800174-5.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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James LR, Le C, Doherty H, Kim HS, Maeda N. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression modulates response to high glucose. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70441. [PMID: 23950936 PMCID: PMC3741286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator of fibrosis; emerging evidence link changes in plasma and urinary CTGF levels to diabetic kidney disease. To further ascertain the role of CTGF in responses to high glucose, we assessed the consequence of 4 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in wild type (+/+) and CTGF heterozygous (+/−) mice. Subsequently, we studied the influence of glucose on gene expression and protein in mice embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells derived from wildtype and heterozygous mice. At study initiation, plasma glucose, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol levels were similar between non-diabetic CTGF+/+ and CTGF+/− mice. In the diabetic state, plasma glucose levels were increased in CTGF+/+ and CTGF+/− mice (28.2 3.3 mmol/L vs 27.0 3.1 mmol/L), plasma triglyceride levels were lower in CTGF+/− mice than in CTGF+/+ (0.7 0.2 mmol/L vs 0.5 0.1 mmol/L, p<0.05), but cholesterol was essentially unchanged in both groups. Plasma creatinine was higher in diabetic CTGF+/+ group (11.7±1.2 vs 7.9±0.6 µmol/L p<0.01), while urinary albumin excretion and mesangial expansion were reduced in diabetic CTGF+/− animals. Cortices from diabetic mice (both CTGF +/+ and CTGF +/−) manifested higher expression of CTGF and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). Expression of nephrin was reduced in CTGF +/+ animals; this reduction was attenuated in CTGF+/− group. In cultured MEF from CTGF+/+ mice, glucose (25 mM) increased expression of pro-collagens 1, IV and XVIII as well as fibronectin and thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). In contrast, activation of these genes by high glucose was attenuated in CTGF+/− MEF. We conclude that induction of Ctgf mediates expression of extracellular matrix proteins in diabetic kidney. Thus, genetic variability in CTGF expression directly modulates the severity of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton R James
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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Wan X, Guloglu FB, VanMorlan AM, Rowland LM, Zaghouani S, Cascio JA, Dhakal M, Hoeman CM, Zaghouani H. Recovery from overt type 1 diabetes ensues when immune tolerance and β-cell formation are coupled with regeneration of endothelial cells in the pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2013; 62:2879-89. [PMID: 23715620 PMCID: PMC3717841 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune modulation of pancreatic inflammation induces recovery from type 1 diabetes (T1D), but remission was not durable, perhaps because of an inability to sustain the formation and function of new pancreatic β-cells. We have previously shown that Ig-GAD2, carrying GAD 206-220 peptide, induced in hyperglycemic mice immune modulation that was able to control pancreatic inflammation, stimulate β-cell regeneration, and prevent T1D progression. Herein, we show that the same Ig-GAD2 regimen given to mice with overt T1D was unable to reverse the course of disease despite eradication of Th1 and Th17 cells from the pancreas. However, the regimen was able to sustain recovery from T1D when Ig-GAD2 was accompanied with transfer of bone marrow (BM) cells from healthy donors. Interestingly, alongside immune modulation, there was concomitant formation of new β-cells and endothelial cells (ECs) in the pancreas. The new β-cells were of host origin while the donor BM cells gave rise to the ECs. Moreover, transfer of purified BM endothelial progenitors instead of whole BM cells sustained both β-cell and EC formation and reversal of diabetes. Thus, overcoming T1D requires both immune modulation and repair of the islet vascular niche to preserve newly formed β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - F. Betul Guloglu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Amie M. VanMorlan
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Linda M. Rowland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jason A. Cascio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mermagya Dhakal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Christine M. Hoeman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Corresponding author: Habib Zaghouani,
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Paradis R, Lazar N, Antinozzi P, Perbal B, Buteau J. Nov/Ccn3, a novel transcriptional target of FoxO1, impairs pancreatic β-cell function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64957. [PMID: 23705021 PMCID: PMC3660386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by both insulin resistance and progressive deterioration of β-cell function. The forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is a prominent mediator of insulin signaling in β-cells. We reasoned that identification of FoxO1 target genes in β-cells could reveal mechanisms linking β-cell dysfunction to insulin resistance. In this study, we report the characterization of Nov/Ccn3 as a novel transcriptional target of FoxO1 in pancreatic β-cells. FoxO1 binds to an evolutionarily conserved response element in the Ccn3 promoter to regulate its expression. Accordingly, CCN3 levels are elevated in pancreatic islets of mice with overexpression of a constitutively active form of FoxO1 or insulin resistance. Our functional studies reveal that CCN3 impairs β-cell proliferation concomitantly with a reduction in cAMP levels. Moreover, CCN3 decreases glucose oxidation, which translates into inhibition of glucose-stimulated Ca2+ entry and insulin secretion. Our results identify CCN3, a novel transcriptional target of FoxO1 in pancreatic β-cells, as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Paradis
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noureddine Lazar
- Unité de formation et de recherche en Biochimie, Université de Paris 7-D Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Peter Antinozzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bernard Perbal
- Unité de formation et de recherche en Biochimie, Université de Paris 7-D Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean Buteau
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Katsumata T, Oishi H, Sekiguchi Y, Nagasaki H, Daassi D, Tai PH, Ema M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Bioluminescence imaging of β cells and intrahepatic insulin gene activity under normal and pathological conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60411. [PMID: 23593212 PMCID: PMC3617225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes research, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been applied in studies of β-cell impairment, development, and islet transplantation. To develop a mouse model that enables noninvasive imaging of β cells, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse in which a mouse 200-kbp genomic fragment comprising the insulin I gene drives luciferase expression (Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mouse). BLI of mice was performed using the IVIS Spectrum system after intraperitoneal injection of luciferin, and the bioluminescence signal from the pancreatic region analyzed. When compared with MIP-Luc-VU mice [FVB/N-Tg(Ins1-luc)VUPwrs/J] expressing luciferase under the control of the 9.2-kbp mouse insulin I promoter (MIP), the bioluminescence emission from Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice was enhanced approximately 4-fold. Streptozotocin-treated Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice developed severe diabetes concomitant with a sharp decline in the BLI signal intensity in the pancreas. Conversely, mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks showed an increase in the signal, reflecting a decrease or increase in the β-cell mass. Although the bioluminescence intensity of the islets correlated well with the number of isolated islets in vitro, the intensity obtained from a living mouse in vivo did not necessarily reflect an absolute quantification of the β-cell mass under pathological conditions. On the other hand, adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of β-cell-related transcription factors in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice generated luminescence from the hepatic region for more than 1 week. These results demonstrate that BLI in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice provides a noninvasive method of imaging islet β cells and extrapancreatic activity of the insulin gene in the liver under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Katsumata
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dhouha Daassi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pei-Han Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang XL, Wang K, Han GC, Zeng SM. A Potential Autocrine Role for Interferon Tau in Ovine Trophectoderm. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:819-25. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X-L Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology; National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing; China
| | - K Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology; National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing; China
| | - G-C Han
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology; National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing; China
| | - S-M Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology; National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing; China
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48
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Alfaro MP, Deskins DL, Wallus M, DasGupta J, Davidson JM, Nanney LB, Guney MA, Gannon M, Young PP. A physiological role for connective tissue growth factor in early wound healing. J Transl Med 2013; 93:81-95. [PMID: 23212098 PMCID: PMC3720136 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that overexpress secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) exhibit an enhanced reparative phenotype. The secretomes of sFRP2-overexpressing MSCs and vector control-MSCs were compared through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic profiling revealed that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN2) was overrepresented in the conditioned media of sFRP2-overexpressing MSCs and MSC-derived CTGF could thus be an important paracrine effector. Subcutaneously implanted, MSC-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges and stented excisional wounds were used as wound models to study the dynamics of CTGF expression. Granulation tissue generated within the sponges and full-thickness skin wounds showed transient upregulation of CTGF expression by MSCs and fibroblasts, implying a role for this molecule in early tissue repair. Although collagen and COL1A2 mRNA were not increased when recombinant CTGF was administered to sponges during the early phase (day 1-6) of tissue repair, prolonged administration (>15 days) of exogenous CTGF into PVA sponges resulted in fibroblast proliferation and increased deposition of collagen within the experimental granulation tissue. In support of its physiological role, CTGF immunoinhibition during early repair (days 0-7) reduced the quantity, organizational quality and vascularity of experimental granulation tissue in the sponge model. However, CTGF haploinsufficiency was not enough to reduce collagen deposition in excisional wounds. Similar to acute murine wound models, CTGF was transiently present in the early phase of human acute burn wound healing. Together, these results further support a physiological role for CTGF in wound repair and demonstrate that when CTGF expression is confined to early tissue repair, it serves a pro-reparative role. These data also further illustrate the potential of MSC-derived paracrine modulators to enhance tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Alfaro
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Desirae L Deskins
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith Wallus
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jayasri DasGupta
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian B Nanney
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle A Guney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pampee P Young
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,The Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
,Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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49
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Regulation of pancreatic function by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 24:59-68. [PMID: 22884427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a cysteine-rich matricellular secreted protein that regulates diverse cell functions including adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, survival, senescence and apoptosis. In the pancreas, CTGF/CCN2 regulates critical functions including β cell replication during embryogenesis, stimulation of fibrogenic pathways in pancreatic stellate cells during pancreatitis, and regulation of the epithelial and stromal components in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This article reviews the evidence establishing CTGF/CCN2 as an important player in pancreatic physiology and pathology, highlighting the specific cell types that are involved in each process and the importance of CTGF/CCN2 as a component of autocrine or paracrine signaling within or between these various cells. Translational applications, including the potential for CTGF/CCN2-based therapies in diabetes, fibrosis, or cancer, are discussed.
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50
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Gunasekaran U, Hudgens CW, Wright BT, Maulis MF, Gannon M. Differential regulation of embryonic and adult β cell replication. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2431-42. [PMID: 22659844 PMCID: PMC3404874 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from an inadequate functional β cell mass, either due to autoimmune destruction (Type 1 diabetes) or insulin resistance combined with β cell failure (Type 2 diabetes). Strategies to enhance β cell regeneration or increase cell proliferation could improve outcomes for patients with diabetes. Research conducted over the past several years has revealed that factors regulating embryonic β cell mass expansion differ from those regulating replication ofβ cells post-weaning. This article aims to compare and contrast factors known to control embryonic and postnatal β cell replication. In addition, we explore the possibility that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) could increase adult β cell replication. We have already shown that CTGF is required for embryonicβ cell proliferation and is sufficient to induce replication of embryonic β cells. Here we examine whether adult β cell replication and expansion of β cell mass can be enhanced by increased CTGF expression in mature β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Gunasekaran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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