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Lowenstein ED, Misios A, Buchert S, Ruffault PL. Molecular Characterization of Nodose Ganglia Development Reveals a Novel Population of Phox2b+ Glial Progenitors in Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1441232024. [PMID: 38830761 PMCID: PMC11236582 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1441-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagal ganglia, comprised of the superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose) ganglia of the vagus nerve, receive somatosensory information from the head and neck or viscerosensory information from the inner organs, respectively. Developmentally, the cranial neural crest gives rise to all vagal glial cells and to neurons of the jugular ganglia, while the epibranchial placode gives rise to neurons of the nodose ganglia. Crest-derived nodose glial progenitors can additionally generate autonomic neurons in the peripheral nervous system, but how these progenitors generate neurons is unknown. Here, we found that some Sox10+ neural crest-derived cells in, and surrounding, the nodose ganglion transiently expressed Phox2b, a master regulator of autonomic nervous system development, during early embryonic life. Our genetic lineage-tracing analysis in mice of either sex revealed that despite their common developmental origin and extreme spatial proximity, a substantial proportion of glial cells in the nodose, but not in the neighboring jugular ganglia, have a history of Phox2b expression. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing to demonstrate that these progenitors give rise to all major glial subtypes in the nodose ganglia, including Schwann cells, satellite glia, and glial precursors, and mapped their spatial distribution by in situ hybridization. Lastly, integration analysis revealed transcriptomic similarities between nodose and dorsal root ganglia glial subtypes and revealed immature nodose glial subtypes. Our work demonstrates that these crest-derived nodose glial progenitors transiently express Phox2b, give rise to the entire complement of nodose glial cells, and display a transcriptional program that may underlie their bipotent nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah D Lowenstein
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Aristotelis Misios
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Sven Buchert
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Ruffault
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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2
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Cui K, Xia Y, Patnaik A, Salivara A, Lowenstein ED, Isik EG, Knorz AL, Airaghi L, Crotti M, Garratt AN, Meng F, Schmitz D, Studer M, Rijli FM, Nothwang HG, Rost BR, Strauß U, Hernandez-Miranda LR. Genetic identification of medullary neurons underlying congenital hypoventilation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0720. [PMID: 38896627 PMCID: PMC11186509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factors encoded by PHOX2B or LBX1 correlate with congenital central hypoventilation disorders. These conditions are typically characterized by pronounced hypoventilation, central apnea, and diminished chemoreflexes, particularly to abnormally high levels of arterial PCO2. The dysfunctional neurons causing these respiratory disorders are largely unknown. Here, we show that distinct, and previously undescribed, sets of medullary neurons coexpressing both transcription factors (dB2 neurons) account for specific respiratory functions and phenotypes seen in congenital hypoventilation. By combining intersectional chemogenetics, intersectional labeling, lineage tracing, and conditional mutagenesis, we uncovered subgroups of dB2 neurons with key functions in (i) respiratory tidal volumes, (ii) the hypercarbic reflex, (iii) neonatal respiratory stability, and (iv) neonatal survival. These data provide functional evidence for the critical role of distinct medullary dB2 neurons in neonatal respiratory physiology. In summary, our work identifies distinct subgroups of dB2 neurons regulating breathing homeostasis, dysfunction of which causes respiratory phenotypes associated with congenital hypoventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cui
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yiling Xia
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abhisarika Patnaik
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Salivara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eser G. Isik
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian L. Knorz
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Airaghi
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela Crotti
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alistair N. Garratt
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fanqi Meng
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Filippo M. Rijli
- Laboratory of Developmental Neuroepigenetics, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans G. Nothwang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin R. Rost
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Strauß
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R. Hernandez-Miranda
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Verzele NAJ, Chua BY, Short KR, Moe AAK, Edwards IN, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Hulme KD, Noye EC, Tong MZW, Reading PC, Trewella MW, Mazzone SB, McGovern AE. Evidence for vagal sensory neural involvement in influenza pathogenesis and disease. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011635. [PMID: 38626267 PMCID: PMC11051609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a common respiratory pathogen and a global cause of significant and often severe morbidity. Although inflammatory immune responses to IAV infections are well described, little is known about how neuroimmune processes contribute to IAV pathogenesis. In the present study, we employed surgical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches to manipulate pulmonary vagal sensory neuron innervation and activity in the lungs to explore potential crosstalk between pulmonary sensory neurons and immune processes. Intranasal inoculation of mice with H1N1 strains of IAV resulted in stereotypical antiviral lung inflammation and tissue pathology, changes in breathing, loss of body weight and other clinical signs of severe IAV disease. Unilateral cervical vagotomy and genetic ablation of pulmonary vagal sensory neurons had a moderate effect on the pulmonary inflammation induced by IAV infection, but significantly worsened clinical disease presentation. Inhibition of pulmonary vagal sensory neuron activity via inhalation of the charged sodium channel blocker, QX-314, resulted in a moderate decrease in lung pathology, but again this was accompanied by a paradoxical worsening of clinical signs. Notably, vagal sensory ganglia neuroinflammation was induced by IAV infection and this was significantly potentiated by QX-314 administration. This vagal ganglia hyperinflammation was characterized by alterations in IAV-induced host defense gene expression, increased neuropeptide gene and protein expression, and an increase in the number of inflammatory cells present within the ganglia. These data suggest that pulmonary vagal sensory neurons play a role in the regulation of the inflammatory process during IAV infection and suggest that vagal neuroinflammation may be an important contributor to IAV pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Targeting these pathways could offer therapeutic opportunities to treat IAV-induced morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. J. Verzele
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y. Chua
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isaac N. Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katina D. Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellesandra C. Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcus Z. W. Tong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection, and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew W. Trewella
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart B. Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice E. McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sivori M, Dempsey B, Chettouh Z, Boismoreau F, Ayerdi M, Eymael A, Baulande S, Lameiras S, Coulpier F, Delattre O, Rohrer H, Mirabeau O, Brunet JF. The pelvic organs receive no parasympathetic innervation. eLife 2024; 12:RP91576. [PMID: 38488657 PMCID: PMC10942786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The pelvic organs (bladder, rectum, and sex organs) have been represented for a century as receiving autonomic innervation from two pathways - lumbar sympathetic and sacral parasympathetic - by way of a shared relay, the pelvic ganglion, conceived as an assemblage of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we find that the mouse pelvic ganglion is made of four classes of neurons, distinct from both sympathetic and parasympathetic ones, albeit with a kinship to the former, but not the latter, through a complex genetic signature. We also show that spinal lumbar preganglionic neurons synapse in the pelvic ganglion onto equal numbers of noradrenergic and cholinergic cells, both of which therefore serve as sympathetic relays. Thus, the pelvic viscera receive no innervation from parasympathetic or typical sympathetic neurons, but instead from a divergent tail end of the sympathetic chains, in charge of its idiosyncratic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sivori
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Bowen Dempsey
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie ParkSydneyAustralia
| | - Zoubida Chettouh
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Franck Boismoreau
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Maïlys Ayerdi
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Annaliese Eymael
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie ParkSydneyAustralia
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Institut Curie, PSL University, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing PlatformParisFrance
| | - Sonia Lameiras
- Institut Curie, PSL University, ICGex Next-Generation Sequencing PlatformParisFrance
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSLParisFrance
- Inserm U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB)CreteilFrance
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors LabParisFrance
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
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5
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Tsimpos P, Desiderio S, Cabochette P, Poelvoorde P, Kricha S, Vanhamme L, Poulard C, Bellefroid EJ. Loss of G9a does not phenocopy the requirement for Prdm12 in the development of the nociceptive neuron lineage. Neural Dev 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38167468 PMCID: PMC10759634 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-023-00179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prdm12 is an epigenetic regulator expressed in developing and mature nociceptive neurons, playing a key role in their specification during neurogenesis and modulating pain sensation at adulthood. In vitro studies suggested that Prdm12 recruits the methyltransferase G9a through its zinc finger domains to regulate target gene expression, but how Prdm12 interacts with G9a and whether G9a plays a role in Prdm12's functional properties in sensory ganglia remain unknown. Here we report that Prdm12-G9a interaction is likely direct and that it involves the SET domain of G9a. We show that both proteins are largely co-expressed in dorsal root ganglia during early murine development, opening the possibility that G9a plays a role in DRG and may act as a mediator of Prdm12's function in the development of nociceptive sensory neurons. To test this hypothesis, we conditionally inactivated G9a in neural crest using a Wnt1-Cre transgenic mouse line. We found that the specific loss of G9a in the neural crest lineage does not lead to dorsal root ganglia hypoplasia due to the loss of somatic nociceptive neurons nor to the ectopic expression of the visceral determinant Phox2b as observed upon Prdm12 ablation. These findings suggest that Prdm12 function in the initiation of the nociceptive lineage does not critically involves its interaction with G9a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tsimpos
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B- 6041, Belgium
| | - Simon Desiderio
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B- 6041, Belgium
| | - Pauline Cabochette
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B- 6041, Belgium
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sadia Kricha
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B- 6041, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Cancer Research Cancer of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B- 6041, Belgium.
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6
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Landon SM, Baker K, Macpherson LJ. Give-and-take of gustation: the interplay between gustatory neurons and taste buds. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae029. [PMID: 39078723 PMCID: PMC11315769 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian taste buds are highly regenerative and can restore themselves after normal wear and tear of the lingual epithelium or following physical and chemical insults, including burns, chemotherapy, and nerve injury. This is due to the continual proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of taste progenitor cells, which then must reconnect with peripheral gustatory neurons to relay taste signals to the brain. The turnover and re-establishment of peripheral taste synapses are vital to maintain this complex sensory system. Over the past several decades, the signal transduction and neurotransmitter release mechanisms within taste cells have been well delineated. However, the complex dynamics between synaptic partners in the tongue (taste cell and gustatory neuron) are only partially understood. In this review, we highlight recent findings that have improved our understanding of the mechanisms governing connectivity and signaling within the taste bud and the still-unresolved questions regarding the complex interactions between taste cells and gustatory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Landon
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
- 59th Medical Wing: Surgical and Technological Advancements for Traumatic Injuries in Combat: 204 Wagner Ave, San Antonio, TX 78211, United States
| | - Lindsey J Macpherson
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Brain Health Consortium, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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7
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Vermeiren S, Cabochette P, Dannawi M, Desiderio S, San José AS, Achouri Y, Kricha S, Sitte M, Salinas-Riester G, Vanhollebeke B, Brunet JF, Bellefroid EJ. Prdm12 represses the expression of the visceral neuron determinants Phox2a/b in developing somatosensory ganglia. iScience 2023; 26:108364. [PMID: 38025786 PMCID: PMC10663820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prdm12 is a transcriptional regulator essential for the emergence of the somatic nociceptive lineage during sensory neurogenesis. The exact mechanisms by which Prdm12 promotes nociceptor development remain, however, poorly understood. Here, we report that the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia hypoplasia induced by the loss of Prdm12 involves Bax-dependent apoptosis and that it is accompanied by the ectopic expression of the visceral sensory neuron determinants Phox2a and Phox2b, which is, however, not sufficient to impose a complete fate switch in surviving somatosensory neurons. Mechanistically, our data reveal that Prdm12 is required from somatosensory neural precursors to early post-mitotic differentiating nociceptive neurons to repress Phox2a/b and that its repressive function is context dependent. Together, these findings reveal that besides its essential role in nociceptor survival during development, Prdm12 also promotes nociceptor fate via an additional mechanism, by preventing precursors from engaging into an alternate Phox2 driven visceral neuronal type differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vermeiren
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pauline Cabochette
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maya Dannawi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Simon Desiderio
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alba Sabaté San José
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgenesis Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Duve, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sadia Kricha
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS Integrative Genomics, Department of Human Genetics at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS Integrative Genomics, Department of Human Genetics at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric J. Bellefroid
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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8
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Przybylowicz PK, Sokolowska KE, Rola H, Wojdacz TK. DNA Methylation Changes in Blood Cells of Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. J Pain Res 2023; 16:4025-4036. [PMID: 38054109 PMCID: PMC10695140 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s439412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fibromyalgia (FM) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) affect 0.4% and 1% of society, respectively, and the prevalence of these pain syndromes is increasing. To date, no strong association between these syndromes and the genetic background of affected individuals has been shown. Therefore, it is plausible that epigenetic changes might play a role in the development of these syndromes. Patients and Methods Three previous studies have attempted to elaborate the involvement of genome-wide methylation changes in blood cells in the development of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. These studies included 22 patients with fibromyalgia and 127 patients with CFS, and the results of the studies were largely discrepant. Contradicting results of those studies may be attributed to differences in the omics data analysis approaches used in each study. We reanalyzed the data collected in these studies using an updated and coherent data-analysis framework. Results Overall, the methylation changes that we observed overlapped with previous results only to some extent. However, the gene set enrichment analyses based on genes annotated to methylation changes identified in each of the analyzed datasets were surprisingly coherent and uniformly associated with the physiological processes that, when affected, may result in symptoms characteristic of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Conclusion Methylomes of the blood cells of patients with FM and CFS in three independent studies have shown methylation changes that appear to be implicated in the pathogenesis of these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hubert Rola
- Independent Clinical Epigenetics Laboratory, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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9
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Lowenstein ED, Ruffault PL, Misios A, Osman KL, Li H, Greenberg RS, Thompson R, Song K, Dietrich S, Li X, Vladimirov N, Woehler A, Brunet JF, Zampieri N, Kühn R, Liberles SD, Jia S, Lewin GR, Rajewsky N, Lever TE, Birchmeier C. Prox2 and Runx3 vagal sensory neurons regulate esophageal motility. Neuron 2023; 111:2184-2200.e7. [PMID: 37192624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons monitor mechanical and chemical stimuli in the gastrointestinal tract. Major efforts are underway to assign physiological functions to the many distinct subtypes of vagal sensory neurons. Here, we use genetically guided anatomical tracing, optogenetics, and electrophysiology to identify and characterize vagal sensory neuron subtypes expressing Prox2 and Runx3 in mice. We show that three of these neuronal subtypes innervate the esophagus and stomach in regionalized patterns, where they form intraganglionic laminar endings. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that they are low-threshold mechanoreceptors but possess different adaptation properties. Lastly, genetic ablation of Prox2 and Runx3 neurons demonstrated their essential roles for esophageal peristalsis in freely behaving mice. Our work defines the identity and function of the vagal neurons that provide mechanosensory feedback from the esophagus to the brain and could lead to better understanding and treatment of esophageal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah D Lowenstein
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Ruffault
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aristotelis Misios
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate L Osman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Huimin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rachel S Greenberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kun Song
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Dietrich
- Development and Function of Neural Circuits, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xun Li
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikita Vladimirov
- Systems Biology Imaging, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Woehler
- Systems Biology Imaging, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Development and Function of Neural Circuits, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shiqi Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa E Lever
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, CharitéUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Dutta Banik D, Martin LJ, Tang T, Soboloff J, Tourtellotte WG, Pierchala BA. EGR4 is critical for cell-fate determination and phenotypic maintenance of geniculate ganglion neurons underlying sweet and umami taste. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217595120. [PMID: 37216536 PMCID: PMC10235952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217595120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste starts with activation of receptor cells in taste buds by chemical stimuli which then communicate this signal via innervating oral sensory neurons to the CNS. The cell bodies of oral sensory neurons reside in the geniculate ganglion (GG) and nodose/petrosal/jugular ganglion. The geniculate ganglion contains two main neuronal populations: BRN3A+ somatosensory neurons that innervate the pinna and PHOX2B+ sensory neurons that innervate the oral cavity. While much is known about the different taste bud cell subtypes, considerably less is known about the molecular identities of PHOX2B+ sensory subpopulations. In the GG, as many as 12 different subpopulations have been predicted from electrophysiological studies, while transcriptional identities exist for only 3 to 6. Importantly, the cell fate pathways that diversify PHOX2B+ oral sensory neurons into these subpopulations are unknown. The transcription factor EGR4 was identified as being highly expressed in GG neurons. EGR4 deletion causes GG oral sensory neurons to lose their expression of PHOX2B and other oral sensory genes and up-regulate BRN3A. This is followed by a loss of chemosensory innervation of taste buds, a loss of type II taste cells responsive to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli, and a concomitant increase in type I glial-like taste bud cells. These deficits culminate in a loss of nerve responses to sweet and umami taste qualities. Taken together, we identify a critical role of EGR4 in cell fate specification and maintenance of subpopulations of GG neurons, which in turn maintain the appropriate sweet and umami taste receptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Dutta Banik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Louis J. Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19140
| | - Warren G. Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Brian A. Pierchala
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202
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11
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Zine A, Fritzsch B. Early Steps towards Hearing: Placodes and Sensory Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6994. [PMID: 37108158 PMCID: PMC10139157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most prevalent sensory deficit in humans. Most cases of hearing loss are due to the degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea, such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons, and their synaptic connection to the hair cells. Different cell-based strategies to replace damaged inner ear neurosensory tissue aiming at the restoration of regeneration or functional recovery are currently the subject of intensive research. Most of these cell-based treatment approaches require experimental in vitro models that rely on a fine understanding of the earliest morphogenetic steps that underlie the in vivo development of the inner ear since its initial induction from a common otic-epibranchial territory. This knowledge will be applied to various proposed experimental cell replacement strategies to either address the feasibility or identify novel therapeutic options for sensorineural hearing loss. In this review, we describe how ear and epibranchial placode development can be recapitulated by focusing on the cellular transformations that occur as the inner ear is converted from a thickening of the surface ectoderm next to the hindbrain known as the otic placode to an otocyst embedded in the head mesenchyme. Finally, we will highlight otic and epibranchial placode development and morphogenetic events towards progenitors of the inner ear and their neurosensory cell derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azel Zine
- LBN, Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, University of Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, CLAS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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12
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Yackle K. Transformation of Our Understanding of Breathing Control by Molecular Tools. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:93-113. [PMID: 36323001 PMCID: PMC9918693 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021522-094142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhythmicity of breath is vital for normal physiology. Even so, breathing is enriched with multifunctionality. External signals constantly change breathing, stopping it when under water or deepening it during exertion. Internal cues utilize breath to express emotions such as sighs of frustration and yawns of boredom. Breathing harmonizes with other actions that use our mouth and throat, including speech, chewing, and swallowing. In addition, our perception of breathing intensity can dictate how we feel, such as during the slow breathing of calming meditation and anxiety-inducing hyperventilation. Heartbeat originates from a peripheral pacemaker in the heart, but the automation of breathing arises from neural clusters within the brainstem, enabling interaction with other brain areas and thus multifunctionality. Here, we document how the recent transformation of cellular and molecular tools has contributed to our appreciation of the diversity of neuronal types in the breathing control circuit and how they confer the multifunctionality of breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yackle
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
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13
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Xia Y, Cui K, Alonso A, Lowenstein ED, Hernandez-Miranda LR. Transcription factors regulating the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1072475. [PMID: 36523603 PMCID: PMC9745097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breathing (or respiration) is an unconscious and complex motor behavior which neuronal drive emerges from the brainstem. In simplistic terms, respiratory motor activity comprises two phases, inspiration (uptake of oxygen, O2) and expiration (release of carbon dioxide, CO2). Breathing is not rigid, but instead highly adaptable to external and internal physiological demands of the organism. The neurons that generate, monitor, and adjust breathing patterns locate to two major brainstem structures, the pons and medulla oblongata. Extensive research over the last three decades has begun to identify the developmental origins of most brainstem neurons that control different aspects of breathing. This research has also elucidated the transcriptional control that secures the specification of brainstem respiratory neurons. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation that operates during the specification of respiratory neurons, and we will highlight the cell lineages that contribute to the central respiratory circuit. Lastly, we will discuss on genetic disturbances altering transcription factor regulation and their impact in hypoventilation disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Xia
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Cui
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Functional Genoarchitecture and Neurobiology Groups, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elijah D. Lowenstein
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R. Hernandez-Miranda
- The Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Oral Sensory Neurons of the Geniculate Ganglion That Express Tyrosine Hydroxylase Comprise a Subpopulation That Contacts Type II and Type III Taste Bud Cells. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0523-21.2022. [PMID: 36216506 PMCID: PMC9581578 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0523-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral sensory neurons of the geniculate ganglion (GG) innervate taste papillae and buds on the tongue and soft palate. Electrophysiological recordings of these neurons and fibers revealed complexity in the number of unique response profiles observed, suggesting there are several distinct neuronal subtypes. Molecular descriptions of these subpopulations are incomplete. We report here the identification of a subpopulation of GG oral sensory neurons in mice by expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-expressing geniculate neurons represent 10-20% of oral sensory neurons and these neurons innervate taste buds in fungiform and anterior foliate taste papillae on the surface of the tongue, as well as taste buds in the soft palate. While 35-50% of taste buds on the tongue are innervated by these TH+ neurons, 100% of soft palate taste buds are innervated. These neurons did not have extragemmal processes outside of taste buds and did not express the mechanosensory neuron-associated gene Ret, suggesting they are chemosensory and not somatosensory neurons. Within taste buds, TH-expressing fibers contacted both Type II and Type III cells, raising the possibility that they are responsive to more than one taste quality. During this analysis we also identified a rare TH+ taste receptor cell type that was found in only 12-25% of taste buds and co-expressed TRPM5, suggesting it was a Type II cell. Taken together, TH-expressing GG oral sensory neurons innervate taste buds preferentially in the soft palate and contact Type II and Type III taste bud receptor cells.
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15
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Fritzsch B, Elliott KL, Yamoah EN. Neurosensory development of the four brainstem-projecting sensory systems and their integration in the telencephalon. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:913480. [PMID: 36213204 PMCID: PMC9539932 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.913480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory, taste, vestibular, and auditory information is first processed in the brainstem. From the brainstem, the respective information is relayed to specific regions within the cortex, where these inputs are further processed and integrated with other sensory systems to provide a comprehensive sensory experience. We provide the organization, genetics, and various neuronal connections of four sensory systems: trigeminal, taste, vestibular, and auditory systems. The development of trigeminal fibers is comparable to many sensory systems, for they project mostly contralaterally from the brainstem or spinal cord to the telencephalon. Taste bud information is primarily projected ipsilaterally through the thalamus to reach the insula. The vestibular fibers develop bilateral connections that eventually reach multiple areas of the cortex to provide a complex map. The auditory fibers project in a tonotopic contour to the auditory cortex. The spatial and tonotopic organization of trigeminal and auditory neuron projections are distinct from the taste and vestibular systems. The individual sensory projections within the cortex provide multi-sensory integration in the telencephalon that depends on context-dependent tertiary connections to integrate other cortical sensory systems across the four modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bernd Fritzsch,
| | - Karen L. Elliott
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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16
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Kastriti ME, Faure L, Von Ahsen D, Bouderlique TG, Boström J, Solovieva T, Jackson C, Bronner M, Meijer D, Hadjab S, Lallemend F, Erickson A, Kaucka M, Dyachuk V, Perlmann T, Lahti L, Krivanek J, Brunet J, Fried K, Adameyko I. Schwann cell precursors represent a neural crest-like state with biased multipotency. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108780. [PMID: 35815410 PMCID: PMC9434083 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are nerve-associated progenitors that can generate myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells but also are multipotent like the neural crest cells from which they originate. SCPs are omnipresent along outgrowing peripheral nerves throughout the body of vertebrate embryos. By using single-cell transcriptomics to generate a gene expression atlas of the entire neural crest lineage, we show that early SCPs and late migratory crest cells have similar transcriptional profiles characterised by a multipotent "hub" state containing cells biased towards traditional neural crest fates. SCPs keep diverging from the neural crest after being primed towards terminal Schwann cells and other fates, with different subtypes residing in distinct anatomical locations. Functional experiments using CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function further show that knockout of the common "hub" gene Sox8 causes defects in neural crest-derived cells along peripheral nerves by facilitating differentiation of SCPs towards sympathoadrenal fates. Finally, specific tumour populations found in melanoma, neurofibroma and neuroblastoma map to different stages of SCP/Schwann cell development. Overall, SCPs resemble migrating neural crest cells that maintain multipotency and become transcriptionally primed towards distinct lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dorothea Von Ahsen
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Johan Boström
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tatiana Solovieva
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Cameron Jackson
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Marianne Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Saida Hadjab
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Alek Erickson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Marketa Kaucka
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
| | | | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jean‐Francois Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), INSERM, CNRS, École Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain ResearchMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
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17
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Molecular Organization and Patterning of the Medulla Oblongata in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169260. [PMID: 36012524 PMCID: PMC9409237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The medulla oblongata, located in the hindbrain between the pons and the spinal cord, is an important relay center for critical sensory, proprioceptive, and motoric information. It is an evolutionarily highly conserved brain region, both structural and functional, and consists of a multitude of nuclei all involved in different aspects of basic but vital functions. Understanding the functional anatomy and developmental program of this structure can help elucidate potential role(s) of the medulla in neurological disorders. Here, we have described the early molecular patterning of the medulla during murine development, from the fundamental units that structure the very early medullary region into 5 rhombomeres (r7–r11) and 13 different longitudinal progenitor domains, to the neuronal clusters derived from these progenitors that ultimately make-up the different medullary nuclei. By doing so, we developed a schematic overview that can be used to predict the cell-fate of a progenitor group, or pinpoint the progenitor domain of origin of medullary nuclei. This schematic overview can further be used to help in the explanation of medulla-related symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g., congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Wold–Hirschhorn syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Pitt–Hopkins syndrome. Based on the genetic defects seen in these syndromes, we can use our model to predict which medullary nuclei might be affected, which can be used to quickly direct the research into these diseases to the likely affected nuclei.
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18
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Kazci YE, Sahoglu Goktas S, Aydin MS, Karadogan B, Nebol A, Turhan MU, Ozturk G, Cagavi E. Anatomical characterization of vagal nodose afferent innervation and ending morphologies at the murine heart using a transgenic approach. Auton Neurosci 2022; 242:103019. [PMID: 35905544 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart is an extensively innervated organ and its function is strictly coordinated by autonomic neural circuits. After pathological events such as myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac nerves undergo a structural and functional remodeling contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Although the efferent component of the cardiac nerves has been well described, sensory innervation of the heart has not been defined in detail. Considering its importance, comprehensive description of vagal afferent innervation on the whole heart would enable a better description of autonomic imbalances manifesting as sympathoexcitation and vagal withdrawal in post-ischemic states. To address this issue, we globally mapped the vagal nodose afferent fibers innervating the whole murine heart with unprecedented resolution. By using the Phox2b-Cre::tdTomato transgenic mouse line, we described the detailed distribution and distinct vagal sensory ending morphologies at both the dorsal and ventral sides of the mouse heart. By neural tracing analysis, we quantitated the distribution and prevalence of vagal afferent nerve fibers with varying diameters across dorsal and ventral surfaces of the heart. Moreover, we demonstrated that vagal afferents formed flower spray and end-net-like endings within the atria and ventricles. As distinct from the atria, vagal afferents formed intramuscular array-like endings within the ventricles. Furthermore, we showed that vagal afferents undergo structural remodeling by forming axonal sprouts around the infarct area in post-MI hearts. These findings improve our understanding of the potential effect of vagal afferent remodeling on autonomic imbalance and generation of cardiac arrhythmias and could prospectively contribute to the development of more effective neuromodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Enes Kazci
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Istanbul, Turkey; Deparment of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sahoglu Goktas
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Karadogan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Nebol
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ugurcan Turhan
- Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Istanbul, Turkey; Physiology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Cagavi
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey; Deparment of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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Hirsch D, Kohl A, Wang Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. Axonal Projection Patterns of the Dorsal Interneuron Populations in the Embryonic Hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:793161. [PMID: 35002640 PMCID: PMC8738170 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.793161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the inner workings of neural circuits entails understanding the cellular origin and axonal pathfinding of various neuronal groups during development. In the embryonic hindbrain, different subtypes of dorsal interneurons (dINs) evolve along the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis of rhombomeres and are imperative for the assembly of central brainstem circuits. dINs are divided into two classes, class A and class B, each containing four neuronal subgroups (dA1-4 and dB1-4) that are born in well-defined DV positions. While all interneurons belonging to class A express the transcription factor Olig3 and become excitatory, all class B interneurons express the transcription factor Lbx1 but are diverse in their excitatory or inhibitory fate. Moreover, within every class, each interneuron subtype displays its own specification genes and axonal projection patterns which are required to govern the stage-by-stage assembly of their connectivity toward their target sites. Remarkably, despite the similar genetic landmark of each dINs subgroup along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the hindbrain, genetic fate maps of some dA/dB neuronal subtypes uncovered their contribution to different nuclei centers in relation to their rhombomeric origin. Thus, DV and AP positional information has to be orchestrated in each dA/dB subpopulation to form distinct neuronal circuits in the hindbrain. Over the span of several decades, different axonal routes have been well-documented to dynamically emerge and grow throughout the hindbrain DV and AP positions. Yet, the genetic link between these distinct axonal bundles and their neuronal origin is not fully clear. In this study, we reviewed the available data regarding the association between the specification of early-born dorsal interneuron subpopulations in the hindbrain and their axonal circuitry development and fate, as well as the present existing knowledge on molecular effectors underlying the process of axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hirsch
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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20
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Abstract
Breathing (or respiration) is a complex motor behavior that originates in the brainstem. In minimalistic terms, breathing can be divided into two phases: inspiration (uptake of oxygen, O2) and expiration (release of carbon dioxide, CO2). The neurons that discharge in synchrony with these phases are arranged in three major groups along the brainstem: (i) pontine, (ii) dorsal medullary, and (iii) ventral medullary. These groups are formed by diverse neuron types that coalesce into heterogeneous nuclei or complexes, among which the preBötzinger complex in the ventral medullary group contains cells that generate the respiratory rhythm (Chapter 1). The respiratory rhythm is not rigid, but instead highly adaptable to the physic demands of the organism. In order to generate the appropriate respiratory rhythm, the preBötzinger complex receives direct and indirect chemosensory information from other brainstem respiratory nuclei (Chapter 2) and peripheral organs (Chapter 3). Even though breathing is a hard-wired unconscious behavior, it can be temporarily altered at will by other higher-order brain structures (Chapter 6), and by emotional states (Chapter 7). In this chapter, we focus on the development of brainstem respiratory groups and highlight the cell lineages that contribute to central and peripheral chemoreflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Göksu Isik
- Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Hernandez-Miranda
- Brainstem Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Donnelly CR, Kumari A, Li L, Vesela I, Bradley RM, Mistretta CM, Pierchala BA. Probing the multimodal fungiform papilla: complex peripheral nerve endings of chorda tympani taste and mechanosensitive fibers before and after Hedgehog pathway inhibition. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:225-247. [PMID: 34859291 PMCID: PMC8821500 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fungiform papilla (FP) is a gustatory and somatosensory structure incorporating chorda tympani (CT) nerve fibers that innervate taste buds (TB) and also contain somatosensory endings for touch and temperature. Hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibition eliminates TB, but CT innervation remains in the FP. Importantly, after HH inhibition, CT neurophysiological responses to taste stimuli are eliminated, but tactile responses remain. To examine CT fibers that respond to tactile stimuli in the absence of TB, we used Phox2b-Cre; Rosa26LSL−TdTomato reporter mice to selectively label CT fibers with TdTomato. Normally CT fibers project in a compact bundle directly into TB, but after HH pathway inhibition, CT fibers reorganize and expand just under the FP epithelium where TB were. This widened expanse of CT fibers coexpresses Synapsin-1, β-tubulin, S100, and neurofilaments. Further, GAP43 expression in these fibers suggests they are actively remodeling. Interestingly, CT fibers have complex terminals within the apical FP epithelium and in perigemmal locations in the FP apex. These extragemmal fibers remain after HH pathway inhibition. To identify tactile end organs in FP, we used a K20 antibody to label Merkel cells. In control mice, K20 was expressed in TB cells and at the base of epithelial ridges outside of FP. After HH pathway inhibition, K20 + cells remained in epithelial ridges but were eliminated in the apical FP without TB. These data suggest that the complex, extragemmal nerve endings within and disbursed under the apical FP are the mechanosensitive nerve endings of the CT that remain after HH pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Donnelly
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iva Vesela
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert M Bradley
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, Indianapolis, USA.
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22
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Dempsey B, Sungeelee S, Bokiniec P, Chettouh Z, Diem S, Autran S, Harrell ER, Poulet JFA, Birchmeier C, Carey H, Genovesio A, McMullan S, Goridis C, Fortin G, Brunet JF. A medullary centre for lapping in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6307. [PMID: 34728601 PMCID: PMC8563905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that orofacial movements for feeding can be triggered, coordinated, and often rhythmically organized at the level of the brainstem, without input from higher centers. We uncover two nuclei that can organize the movements for ingesting fluids in mice. These neuronal groups, IRtPhox2b and Peri5Atoh1, are marked by expression of the pan-autonomic homeobox gene Phox2b and are located, respectively, in the intermediate reticular formation of the medulla and around the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. They are premotor to all jaw-opening and tongue muscles. Stimulation of either, in awake animals, opens the jaw, while IRtPhox2b alone also protracts the tongue. Moreover, stationary stimulation of IRtPhox2b entrains a rhythmic alternation of tongue protraction and retraction, synchronized with jaw opening and closing, that mimics lapping. Finally, fiber photometric recordings show that IRtPhox2b is active during volitional lapping. Our study identifies one of the subcortical nuclei underpinning a stereotyped feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dempsey
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Selvee Sungeelee
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Phillip Bokiniec
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoubida Chettouh
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Diem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences NeuroPSI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandra Autran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences NeuroPSI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evan R Harrell
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Institut de l'Audition, Paris, France
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry Carey
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Auguste Genovesio
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Simon McMullan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Christo Goridis
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fortin
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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23
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Gutierrez R, Simon SA. Physiology of Taste Processing in the Tongue, Gut, and Brain. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2489-2523. [PMID: 34558667 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gustatory system detects and informs us about the nature of various chemicals we put in our mouth. Some of these have nutritive value (sugars, amino acids, salts, and fats) and are appetitive and avidly ingested, whereas others (atropine, quinine, nicotine) are aversive and rapidly rejected. However, the gustatory system is mainly responsible for evoking the perception of a limited number of qualities that humans taste as sweet, umami, bitter, sour, salty, and perhaps fat [free fatty acids (FFA)] and starch (malto-oligosaccharides). The complex flavors and mouthfeel that we experience while eating food result from the integration of taste, odor, texture, pungency, and temperature. The latter three arise primarily from the somatosensory (trigeminal) system. The sensory organs used for detecting and transducing many chemicals are found in taste buds (TBs) located throughout the tongue, soft palate esophagus, and epiglottis. In parallel with the taste system, the trigeminal nerve innervates the peri-gemmal epithelium to transmit temperature, mechanical stimuli, and painful or cooling sensations such as those produced by changes in temperature as well as from chemicals like capsaicin and menthol, respectively. This article gives an overview of the current knowledge about these TB cells' anatomy and physiology and their trigeminal induced sensations. We then discuss how taste is represented across gustatory cortices using an intermingled and spatially distributed population code. Finally, we review postingestion processing (interoception) and central integration of the tongue-gut-brain interaction, ultimately determining our sensations as well as preferences toward the wholesomeness of nutritious foods. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-35, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranier Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetite, Department of Pharmacology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Bob-Manuel J, Gautron L. Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62945. [PMID: 34605820 PMCID: PMC9235148 DOI: 10.3791/62945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a protocol for the multiplex in situ hybridization (ISH) of the mouse jugular-nodose ganglia, with a particular emphasis on detecting the expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Formalin-fixed jugular-nodose ganglia were processed with the RNAscope technology to simultaneously detect the expression of two representative GPCRs (cholecystokinin and ghrelin receptors) in combination with one marker gene of either nodose (paired-like homeobox 2b, Phox2b) or jugular afferent neurons (PR domain zinc finger protein 12, Prdm12). Labeled ganglia were imaged using confocal microscopy to determine the distribution and expression patterns of the aforementioned transcripts. Briefly, Phox2b afferent neurons were found to abundantly express the cholecystokinin receptor (Cck1r) but not the ghrelin receptor (Ghsr). A small subset of Prdm12 afferent neurons was also found to express Ghsr and/or Cck1r. Potential technical caveats in the design, processing, and interpretation of multiplex ISH are discussed. The approach described in this article may help scientists in generating accurate maps of the transcriptional profiles of vagal afferent neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Bob-Manuel
- Center for Hypothalamic Research and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSouthwestern Medical Center at Dallas
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSouthwestern Medical Center at Dallas;
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25
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Hovhannisyan AH, Son H, Mecklenburg J, Barba-Escobedo PA, Tram M, Gomez R, Shannonhouse J, Zou Y, Weldon K, Ruparel S, Lai Z, Tumanov AV, Kim YS, Akopian AN. Pituitary hormones are specifically expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons and contribute to pain responses in the trigeminal system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17813. [PMID: 34497285 PMCID: PMC8426369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal (TG), dorsal root (DRG), and nodose/jugular (NG/JG) ganglia each possess specialized and distinct functions. We used RNA sequencing of two-cycle sorted Pirt-positive neurons to identify genes exclusively expressing in L3-L5 DRG, T10-L1 DRG, NG/JG, and TG mouse ganglion neurons. Transcription factor Phox2b and Efcab6 are specifically expressed in NG/JG while Hoxa7 is exclusively present in both T10-L1 and L3-L5 DRG neurons. Cyp2f2, Krt18, and Ptgds, along with pituitary hormone prolactin (Prl), growth hormone (Gh), and proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) encoding genes are almost exclusively in TG neurons. Immunohistochemistry confirmed selective expression of these hormones in TG neurons and dural nerves; and showed GH expression in subsets of TRPV1+ and CGRP+ TG neurons. We next examined GH roles in hypersensitivity in the spinal versus trigeminal systems. Exogenous GH produced mechanical hypersensitivity when injected intrathecally, but not intraplantarly. GH-induced thermal hypersensitivity was not detected in the spinal system. GH dose-dependently generated orofacial and headache-like periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity after administration into masseter muscle and dura, respectively. Periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity was reversed by a GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant. Overall, pituitary hormone genes are selective for TG versus other ganglia somatotypes; and GH has distinctive functional significance in the trigeminal versus spinal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit H Hovhannisyan
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jennifer Mecklenburg
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Priscilla Ann Barba-Escobedo
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Meilinn Tram
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ruben Gomez
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - John Shannonhouse
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Shivani Ruparel
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Armen N Akopian
- Departments of Endodontics, The School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences and Translational Sciences, The School of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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26
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Moe AAK, McGovern AE, Mazzone SB. Jugular vagal ganglia neurons and airway nociception: A target for treating chronic cough. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105981. [PMID: 33895353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The airways receive a dense supply of sensory nerve fibers that are responsive to damaging or potentially injurious stimuli. These airway nociceptors are mainly derived from the jugular and nodose vagal ganglia, and when activated they induce a range of reflexes and sensations that play an essential role in airway protection. Jugular nociceptors differ from nodose nociceptors in their embryonic origins, molecular profile and termination patterns in the airways and the brain, and recent discoveries suggest that excessive activity in jugular nociceptors may be central to the development of chronic cough. For these reasons, targeting jugular airway nociceptor signaling processes at different levels of the neuraxis may be a promising target for therapeutic development. In this focused review, we present the current understanding of jugular ganglia nociceptors, how they may contribute to chronic cough and mechanisms that could be targeted to bring about cough suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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27
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James DM, Davidson EA, Yanes J, Moshiree B, Dallman JE. The Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis and Its Link to Autism: Emerging Insights and the Potential of Zebrafish Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662916. [PMID: 33937265 PMCID: PMC8081961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research involving autism spectrum disorder (ASD) most frequently focuses on its key diagnostic criteria: restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, altered sensory perception, and communication impairments. These core criteria, however, are often accompanied by numerous comorbidities, many of which result in severe negative impacts on quality of life, including seizures, epilepsy, sleep disturbance, hypotonia, and GI distress. While ASD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, gastrointestinal (GI) distress is among the most prevalent co-occurring symptom complex, manifesting in upward of 70% of all individuals with ASD. Consistent with this high prevalence, over a dozen family foundations that represent genetically distinct, molecularly defined forms of ASD have identified GI symptoms as an understudied area with significant negative impacts on quality of life for both individuals and their caregivers. Moreover, GI symptoms are also correlated with more pronounced irritability, social withdrawal, stereotypy, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances, suggesting that they may exacerbate the defining behavioral symptoms of ASD. Despite these facts (and to the detriment of the community), GI distress remains largely unaddressed by ASD research and is frequently regarded as a symptomatic outcome rather than a potential contributory factor to the behavioral symptoms. Allowing for examination of both ASD's impact on the central nervous system (CNS) as well as its impact on the GI tract and the associated microbiome, the zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful tool to study ASD. This is in no small part due to the advantages zebrafish present as a model system: their precocious development, their small transparent larval form, and their parallels with humans in genetics and physiology. While ASD research centered on the CNS has leveraged these advantages, there has been a critical lack of GI-centric ASD research in zebrafish models, making a holistic view of the gut-brain-microbiome axis incomplete. Similarly, high-throughput ASD drug screens have recently been developed but primarily focus on CNS and behavioral impacts while potential GI impacts have not been investigated. In this review, we aim to explore the great promise of the zebrafish model for elucidating the roles of the gut-brain-microbiome axis in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. James
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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28
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Schörnig M, Ju X, Fast L, Ebert S, Weigert A, Kanton S, Schaffer T, Nadif Kasri N, Treutlein B, Peter BM, Hevers W, Taverna E. Comparison of induced neurons reveals slower structural and functional maturation in humans than in apes. eLife 2021; 10:59323. [PMID: 33470930 PMCID: PMC7870144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated induced excitatory neurons (iNeurons, iNs) from chimpanzee, bonobo, and human stem cells by expressing the transcription factor neurogenin-2 (NGN2). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that genes involved in dendrite and synapse development are expressed earlier during iNs maturation in the chimpanzee and bonobo than the human cells. In accordance, during the first 2 weeks of differentiation, chimpanzee and bonobo iNs showed repetitive action potentials and more spontaneous excitatory activity than human iNs, and extended neurites of higher total length. However, the axons of human iNs were slightly longer at 5 weeks of differentiation. The timing of the establishment of neuronal polarity did not differ between the species. Chimpanzee, bonobo, and human neurites eventually reached the same level of structural complexity. Thus, human iNs develop slower than chimpanzee and bonobo iNs, and this difference in timing likely depends on functions downstream of NGN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schörnig
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiangchun Ju
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Fast
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Weigert
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabina Kanton
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Schaffer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Hevers
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Taverna
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Behrens R, McGovern AE, Farrell MJ, Moe AAK, Mazzone SB. Mini Review: Central Organization of Airway Afferent Nerve Circuits. Neurosci Lett 2020; 744:135604. [PMID: 33387662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway afferents monitor the local chemical and physical micro-environments in the airway wall and lungs and send this information centrally to regulate neural circuits involved in setting autonomic tone, evoking reflex and volitional respiratory motor outflows, encoding perceivable sensations and contributing to higher order cognitive processing. In this mini-review we present a current overview of the central wiring of airway afferent circuits in the brainstem and brain, highlighting recent discoveries that augment our understanding of airway sensory processing. We additionally explore how advances in describing the molecular diversity of airway afferents may influence future research efforts aimed at defining central mesoscale connectivity of airway afferent pathways. A refined understanding of how functionally distinct airway afferent pathways are organized in the brain will provide deeper insight into the physiology of airway afferent-evoked responses and may foster opportunities for targeted modulation of specific pathways involved in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behrens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael J Farrell
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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30
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Tang T, Donnelly CR, Shah AA, Bradley RM, Mistretta CM, Pierchala BA. Cell non-autonomous requirement of p75 in the development of geniculate oral sensory neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22117. [PMID: 33335119 PMCID: PMC7747618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development of the peripheral taste system, oral sensory neurons of the geniculate ganglion project via the chorda tympani nerve to innervate taste buds in fungiform papillae. Germline deletion of the p75 neurotrophin receptor causes dramatic axon guidance and branching deficits, leading to a loss of geniculate neurons. To determine whether the developmental functions of p75 in geniculate neurons are cell autonomous, we deleted p75 specifically in Phox2b + oral sensory neurons (Phox2b-Cre; p75fx/fx) or in neural crest-derived cells (P0-Cre; p75fx/fx) and examined geniculate neuron development. In germline p75-/- mice half of all geniculate neurons were lost. The proportion of Phox2b + neurons, as compared to Phox2b-pinna-projecting neurons, was not altered, indicating that both populations were affected similarly. Chorda tympani nerve recordings demonstrated that p75-/- mice exhibit profound deficits in responses to taste and tactile stimuli. In contrast to p75-/- mice, there was no loss of geniculate neurons in either Phox2b-Cre; p75fx/fx or P0-Cre; p75fx/fx mice. Electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that Phox2b-Cre; p75fx/fx mice had normal taste and oral tactile responses. There was a modest but significant loss of fungiform taste buds in Phox2b-Cre; p75fx/fx mice, although there was not a loss of chemosensory innervation of the remaining fungiform taste buds. Overall, these data suggest that the developmental functions of p75 are largely cell non-autonomous and require p75 expression in other cell types of the chorda tympani circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Amol A Shah
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert M Bradley
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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31
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Taylor-Clark TE. Molecular identity, anatomy, gene expression and function of neural crest vs. placode-derived nociceptors in the lower airways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135505. [PMID: 33197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lower airways (larynx to alveoli) are protected by a complex array of neural networks that regulate respiration and airway function. Harmful stimuli trigger defensive responses such as apnea, cough and bronchospasm by activating a subpopulation of sensory afferent nerves (termed nociceptors) which are found throughout the airways. Airway nociceptive fibers are projected from the nodose vagal ganglia, the jugular vagal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia, which are derived from distinct embryological sources: the former from the epibranchial placodes, the latter two from the neural crest. Embryological source determines nociceptive gene expression of receptors and neurotransmitters and recent evidence suggests that placode- and neural crest-derived nociceptors have distinct stimuli sensitivity, innervation patterns and functions. Improved understanding of the function of each subset in specific reflexes has substantial implications for therapeutic targeting of the neuronal components of airway disease such as asthma, viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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32
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Vermeiren S, Bellefroid EJ, Desiderio S. Vertebrate Sensory Ganglia: Common and Divergent Features of the Transcriptional Programs Generating Their Functional Specialization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587699. [PMID: 33195244 PMCID: PMC7649826 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory fibers of the peripheral nervous system carry sensation from specific sense structures or use different tissues and organs as receptive fields, and convey this information to the central nervous system. In the head of vertebrates, each cranial sensory ganglia and associated nerves perform specific functions. Sensory ganglia are composed of different types of specialized neurons in which two broad categories can be distinguished, somatosensory neurons relaying all sensations that are felt and visceral sensory neurons sensing the internal milieu and controlling body homeostasis. While in the trunk somatosensory neurons composing the dorsal root ganglia are derived exclusively from neural crest cells, somato- and visceral sensory neurons of cranial sensory ganglia have a dual origin, with contributions from both neural crest and placodes. As most studies on sensory neurogenesis have focused on dorsal root ganglia, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the embryonic development of the different cranial sensory ganglia remains today rudimentary. However, using single-cell RNA sequencing, recent studies have made significant advances in the characterization of the neuronal diversity of most sensory ganglia. Here we summarize the general anatomy, function and neuronal diversity of cranial sensory ganglia. We then provide an overview of our current knowledge of the transcriptional networks controlling neurogenesis and neuronal diversification in the developing sensory system, focusing on cranial sensory ganglia, highlighting specific aspects of their development and comparing it to that of trunk sensory ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vermeiren
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Simon Desiderio
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM U1051, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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33
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Farrell MJ, Bautista TG, Liang E, Azzollini D, Egan GF, Mazzone SB. Evidence for multiple bulbar and higher brain circuits processing sensory inputs from the respiratory system in humans. J Physiol 2020; 598:5771-5787. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Farrell
- Departmental of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Tara G. Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Emma Liang
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Damian Azzollini
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Stuart B. Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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34
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Dias JM, Alekseenko Z, Jeggari A, Boareto M, Vollmer J, Kozhevnikova M, Wang H, Matise MP, Alexeyenko A, Iber D, Ericson J. A Shh/Gli-driven three-node timer motif controls temporal identity and fate of neural stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eaba8196. [PMID: 32938678 PMCID: PMC7494341 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
How time is measured by neural stem cells during temporal neurogenesis has remained unresolved. By combining experiments and computational modeling, we define a Shh/Gli-driven three-node timer underlying the sequential generation of motor neurons (MNs) and serotonergic neurons in the brainstem. The timer is founded on temporal decline of Gli-activator and Gli-repressor activities established through down-regulation of Gli transcription. The circuitry conforms an incoherent feed-forward loop, whereby Gli proteins not only promote expression of Phox2b and thereby MN-fate but also account for a delayed activation of a self-promoting transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) node triggering a fate switch by repressing Phox2b. Hysteresis and spatial averaging by diffusion of Tgfβ counteract noise and increase temporal accuracy at the population level, providing a functional rationale for the intrinsically programmed activation of extrinsic switch signals in temporal patterning. Our study defines how time is reliably encoded during the sequential specification of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhanna Alekseenko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashwini Jeggari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo Boareto
- D-BSSE, ETF Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jannik Vollmer
- D-BSSE, ETF Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariya Kozhevnikova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Michael P Matise
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrey Alexeyenko
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Box 1031, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dagmar Iber
- D-BSSE, ETF Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan Ericson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Méndez-Maldonado K, Vega-López GA, Aybar MJ, Velasco I. Neurogenesis From Neural Crest Cells: Molecular Mechanisms in the Formation of Cranial Nerves and Ganglia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:635. [PMID: 32850790 PMCID: PMC7427511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population that originates in the dorsal neural tube. Cells of the NC are highly migratory, as they travel considerable distances through the body to reach their final sites. Derivatives of the NC are neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the enteric nervous system as well as non-neural cells. Different signaling pathways triggered by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, retinoic acid (RA), and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) participate in the processes of induction, specification, cell migration and neural differentiation of the NC. A specific set of signaling pathways and transcription factors are initially expressed in the neural plate border and then in the NC cell precursors to the formation of cranial nerves. The molecular mechanisms of control during embryonic development have been gradually elucidated, pointing to an important role of transcriptional regulators when neural differentiation occurs. However, some of these proteins have an important participation in malformations of the cranial portion and their mutation results in aberrant neurogenesis. This review aims to give an overview of the role of cell signaling and of the function of transcription factors involved in the specification of ganglia precursors and neurogenesis to form the NC-derived cranial nerves during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo A Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
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36
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Mapping of Extrinsic Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Mouse Embryo. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6691-6708. [PMID: 32690615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0309-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise extrinsic afferent (visceral sensory) and efferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation of the gut is fundamental for gut-brain cross talk. Owing to the limitation of intrinsic markers to distinctively visualize the three classes of extrinsic axons, which intimately associate within the gut mesentery, detailed information on the development of extrinsic gut-innervating axons remains relatively sparse. Here, we mapped extrinsic innervation of the gut and explored the relationships among various types of extrinsic axons during embryonic development in mice. Visualization with characterized intrinsic markers revealed that visceral sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons arise from different anatomic locations, project in close association via the gut mesentery, and form distinctive innervation patterns within the gut from embryonic day (E)10.5 to E16.5. Genetic ablation of visceral sensory trajectories results in the erratic extension of both sympathetic and parasympathetic axons, implicating that afferent axons provide an axonal scaffold to route efferent axons. Coculture assay further confirmed the attractive effect of sensory axons on sympathetic axons. Taken together, our study provides key information regarding the development of extrinsic gut-innervating axons occurring through heterotypic axonal interactions and provides an anatomic basis to uncover neural circuit assembly in the gut-brain axis (GBA).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the development of extrinsic innervation of the gut is essential to unravel the bidirectional neural communication between the brain and the gut. Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. Moreover, in line with the somatic nervous system, pretarget sorting via heterotypic axonal interactions is revealed to play critical roles in patterning extrinsic efferent trajectories to the gut. These findings provide basic anatomic information to explore the mechanisms underlying the process of assembling neural circuitry in the gut-brain axis (GBA).
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37
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Kupari J, Häring M, Agirre E, Castelo-Branco G, Ernfors P. An Atlas of Vagal Sensory Neurons and Their Molecular Specialization. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2508-2523.e4. [PMID: 31116992 PMCID: PMC6533201 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory functions of the vagus nerve are critical for conscious perceptions and for monitoring visceral functions in the cardio-pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Here, we present a comprehensive identification, classification, and validation of the neuron types in the neural crest (jugular) and placode (nodose) derived vagal ganglia by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis. Our results reveal major differences between neurons derived from different embryonic origins. Jugular neurons exhibit fundamental similarities to the somatosensory spinal neurons, including major types, such as C-low threshold mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs), A-LTMRs, Aδ-nociceptors, and cold-, and mechano-heat C-nociceptors. In contrast, the nodose ganglion contains 18 distinct types dedicated to surveying the physiological state of the internal body. Our results reveal a vast diversity of vagal neuron types, including many previously unanticipated types, as well as proposed types that are consistent with chemoreceptors, nutrient detectors, baroreceptors, and stretch and volume mechanoreceptors of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. A comprehensive molecular identification of neuronal types in vagal ganglion complex Prdm12+ jugular ganglion neurons share features with spinal somatosensory neurons Phox2b+ viscerosensory nodose neurons are molecularly versatile and highly specialized Nodose neuron types are consistent with chemo-, baro-, stretch-, tension-, and volume-sensors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Kupari
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Häring
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Wang YB, de Lartigue G, Page AJ. Dissecting the Role of Subtypes of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents. Front Physiol 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32595525 PMCID: PMC7300233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) vagal afferents convey sensory signals from the GI tract to the brain. Numerous subtypes of GI vagal afferent have been identified but their individual roles in gut function and feeding regulation are unclear. In the past decade, technical approaches to selectively target vagal afferent subtypes and to assess their function has significantly progressed. This review examines the classification of GI vagal afferent subtypes and discusses the current available techniques to study vagal afferents. Investigating the distribution of GI vagal afferent subtypes and understanding how to access and modulate individual populations are essential to dissect their fundamental roles in the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko B Wang
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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39
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Driessen AK, McGovern AE, Behrens R, Moe AAK, Farrell MJ, Mazzone SB. A role for neurokinin 1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus in bradykinin-evoked cough in guinea-pigs. J Physiol 2020; 598:2257-2275. [PMID: 32237239 DOI: 10.1113/jp279644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Airway projecting sensory neurons arising from the jugular vagal ganglia terminate centrally in the brainstem paratrigeminal nucleus, synapsing upon neurons expressing the neurokinin 1 receptor. This study aimed to assess the involvement of paratrigeminal neurokinin 1 receptor neurons in the regulation of cough, breathing and airway defensive responses. Lesioning neurokinin 1 receptor expressing paratrigeminal neurons significantly reduced cough evoked by inhaled bradykinin but not inhaled ATP or tracheal mechanical stimulation. The reduction in bradykinin-evoked cough was not accompanied by changes in baseline or evoked respiratory variables (e.g. frequency, volume or timing), animal avoidance behaviours or the laryngeal apnoea reflex. These findings warrant further investigations into targeting the jugular ganglia and paratrigeminal nucleus as a therapy for treating cough in disease. ABSTRACT Jugular vagal ganglia sensory neurons innervate the large airways and are thought to mediate cough and associated perceptions of airway irritations to a range of chemical irritants. The central terminals of jugular sensory neurons lie within the brainstem paratrigeminal nucleus, where postsynaptic neurons can be differentiated based on the absence or presence of the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor. Therefore, in the present study, we set out to test the hypothesis that NK1 receptor expressing paratrigeminal neurons play a role in cough evoked by inhaled chemical irritants. To test this, we performed selective neurotoxin lesions of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus in guinea-pigs using substance P conjugated to saporin (SSP-SAP). Sham lesion control or SSP-SAP lesion guinea-pigs received nebulised challenges, with the pan-nociceptor stimulant bradykinin or the nodose ganglia specific stimulant adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), in conscious whole-body plethysmography to study cough and associated behaviours. Laryngeal apnoea reflexes and cough evoked by mechanical stimulation of the trachea were additionally investigated in anaesthetised guinea-pigs. SSP-SAP significantly and selectively reduced the number of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus. This was associated with a significant reduction in bradykinin-evoked cough, but not ATP-evoked cough, mechanical cough or laryngeal apnoeic responses. These data provide further evidence for a role of jugular vagal pathways in cough, and additionally suggest an involvement of NK1 receptor expressing neurons in the paratrigeminal nucleus. Therefore, this neural pathway may provide novel therapeutic opportunities to treat conditions of chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria K Driessen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robert Behrens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Farrell
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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40
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Kaelberer MM, Caceres AI, Jordt SE. Activation of a nerve injury transcriptional signature in airway-innervating sensory neurons after lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L953-L964. [PMID: 32159971 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00403.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs and the immune and nervous systems functionally interact to respond to respiratory environmental exposures and infections. The lungs are innervated by vagal sensory neurons of the jugular and nodose ganglia, fused together in smaller mammals as the jugular-nodose complex (JNC). Whereas the JNC shares properties with the other sensory ganglia, the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), these sensory structures express differential sets of genes that reflect their unique functionalities. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in mice to identify the differential transcriptomes of the three sensory ganglia types. Using a fluorescent retrograde tracer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we isolated a defined population of airway-innervating JNC neurons and determined their differential transcriptional map after pulmonary exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major mediator of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after infection with gram-negative bacteria or inhalation of organic dust. JNC neurons activated an injury response program, leading to increased expression of gene products such as the G protein-coupled receptor Cckbr, inducing functional changes in neuronal sensitivity to peptides, and Gpr151, also rapidly induced upon neuropathic nerve injury in pain models. Unique JNC-specific transcripts, present at only minimal levels in TG, DRG, and other organs, were identified. These included TMC3, encoding for a putative mechanosensor, and urotensin 2B, a hypertensive peptide. These findings highlight the unique properties of the JNC and reveal that ALI/ARDS rapidly induces a nerve injury-related state, changing vagal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Isabel Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, North Carolina.,Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program (ITEHP), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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41
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Transcriptional Profiling of Individual Airway Projecting Vagal Sensory Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:949-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Zhang J, Jin H, Zhang W, Ding C, O'Keeffe S, Ye M, Zuker CS. Sour Sensing from the Tongue to the Brain. Cell 2019; 179:392-402.e15. [PMID: 31543264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense sour provides an important sensory signal to prevent the ingestion of unripe, spoiled, or fermented foods. Taste and somatosensory receptors in the oral cavity trigger aversive behaviors in response to acid stimuli. Here, we show that the ion channel Otopetrin-1, a proton-selective channel normally involved in the sensation of gravity in the vestibular system, is essential for sour sensing in the taste system. We demonstrate that knockout of Otop1 eliminates acid responses from sour-sensing taste receptor cells (TRCs). In addition, we show that mice engineered to express otopetrin-1 in sweet TRCs have sweet cells that also respond to sour stimuli. Next, we genetically identified the taste ganglion neurons mediating each of the five basic taste qualities and demonstrate that sour taste uses its own dedicated labeled line from TRCs in the tongue to finely tuned taste neurons in the brain to trigger aversive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hao Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Cheng Ding
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sean O'Keeffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mingyu Ye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Charles S Zuker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Mortimer B. Zukerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Feigin CY, Newton AH, Pask AJ. Widespread cis-regulatory convergence between the extinct Tasmanian tiger and gray wolf. Genome Res 2019; 29:1648-1658. [PMID: 31533979 PMCID: PMC6771401 DOI: 10.1101/gr.244251.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extinct marsupial Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, and the eutherian gray wolf are among the most widely recognized examples of convergent evolution in mammals. Despite being distantly related, these large predators independently evolved extremely similar craniofacial morphologies, and evidence suggests that they filled similar ecological niches. Previous analyses revealed little evidence of adaptive convergence between their protein-coding genes. Thus, the genetic basis of their convergence is still unclear. Here, we identified candidate craniofacial cis-regulatory elements across vertebrates and compared their evolutionary rates in the thylacine and wolf, revealing abundant signatures of convergent positive selection. Craniofacial thylacine-wolf accelerated regions were enriched near genes involved in TGF beta (TGFB) and BMP signaling, both of which are key morphological signaling pathways with critical roles in establishing the identities and boundaries between craniofacial tissues. Similarly, enhancers of genes involved in craniofacial nerve development showed convergent selection and involvement in these pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that adaptation in cis-regulators of TGF beta and BMP signaling may provide a mechanism to explain the coevolution of developmentally and functionally integrated craniofacial structures in these species. We also found that despite major structural differences in marsupial and eutherian brains, accelerated regions in both species were common near genes with roles in brain development. Our findings support the hypothesis that, relative to protein-coding genes, positive selection on cis-regulatory elements is likely to be an essential driver of adaptive convergent evolution and may underpin thylacine-wolf phenotypic similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Y Feigin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Axel H Newton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Andrew J Pask
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
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Driessen AK. Vagal Afferent Processing by the Paratrigeminal Nucleus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1110. [PMID: 31555145 PMCID: PMC6722180 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The paratrigeminal nucleus is an obscure region in the dorsal lateral medulla, which has been best characterized as a collection of interstitial cells located in the dorsal tip of the spinal trigeminal tract. The paratrigeminal nucleus receives afferent input from the vagus, trigeminal, spinal, and glossopharyngeal nerves, which contribute to its long-known roles in the baroreceptor reflex and nociceptive processing. More recently, studies have shown that this region is also involved in the processing of airway-derived sensory information. Notably, these studies highlight an underappreciated complexity in the neuronal content and circuit connectivity of the paratrigeminal nucleus. However, much remains to be understood about how paratrigeminal processing of vagal afferents is altered in disease. The aim of the present review is to provide an update of the current understanding of vagal afferent processing in the paratrigeminal nucleus and to explore how dysregulation at this site may contribute to vagal sensory neural dysfunction during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria K Driessen
- School of Biomedical Science, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Soldatov R, Kaucka M, Kastriti ME, Petersen J, Chontorotzea T, Englmaier L, Akkuratova N, Yang Y, Häring M, Dyachuk V, Bock C, Farlik M, Piacentino ML, Boismoreau F, Hilscher MM, Yokota C, Qian X, Nilsson M, Bronner ME, Croci L, Hsiao WY, Guertin DA, Brunet JF, Consalez GG, Ernfors P, Fried K, Kharchenko PV, Adameyko I. Spatiotemporal structure of cell fate decisions in murine neural crest. Science 2019; 364:364/6444/eaas9536. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are embryonic progenitors that generate numerous cell types in vertebrates. With single-cell analysis, we show that mouse trunk neural crest cells become biased toward neuronal lineages when they delaminate from the neural tube, whereas cranial neural crest cells acquire ectomesenchyme potential dependent on activation of the transcription factor Twist1. The choices that neural crest cells make to become sensory, glial, autonomic, or mesenchymal cells can be formalized as a series of sequential binary decisions. Each branch of the decision tree involves initial coactivation of bipotential properties followed by gradual shifts toward commitment. Competing fate programs are coactivated before cells acquire fate-specific phenotypic traits. Determination of a specific fate is achieved by increased synchronization of relevant programs and concurrent repression of competing fate programs.
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Molecular Profiling Defines Evolutionarily Conserved Transcription Factor Signatures of Major Vestibulospinal Neuron Groups. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0475-18. [PMID: 30899776 PMCID: PMC6426439 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0475-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibulospinal neurons are organized into discrete groups projecting from brainstem to spinal cord, enabling vertebrates to maintain proper balance and posture. The two largest groups are the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) group and the contralateral medial vestibulospinal tract (cMVST) group, with different projection lateralities and functional roles. In search of a molecular basis for these differences, we performed RNA sequencing on LVST and cMVST neurons from mouse and chicken embryos followed by immunohistofluorescence validation. Focusing on transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes, we identified TF signatures that uniquely distinguish the LVST from the cMVST group and further parse different rhombomere-derived portions comprising the cMVST group. Immunohistofluorescence assessment of the CNS from spinal cord to cortex demonstrated that these TF signatures are restricted to the respective vestibulospinal groups and some neurons in their immediate vicinity. Collectively, these results link the combinatorial expression of TFs to developmental and functional subdivisions within the vestibulospinal system.
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Rios-Pilier J, Krimm RF. TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations. Neural Dev 2019; 14:3. [PMID: 30691513 PMCID: PMC6350382 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During development, gustatory (taste) neurons likely undergo numerous changes in morphology and expression prior to differentiation into maturity, but little is known this process or the factors that regulate it. Neuron differentiation is likely regulated by a combination of transcription and growth factors. Embryonically, most geniculate neuron development is regulated by the growth factor brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Postnatally, however, BDNF expression becomes restricted to subpopulations of taste receptor cells with specific functions. We hypothesized that during development, the receptor for BDNF, tropomyosin kinase B receptor (TrkB), may also become developmentally restricted to a subset of taste neurons and could be one factor that is differentially expressed across taste neuron subsets. Methods We used transgenic mouse models to label both geniculate neurons innervating the oral cavity (Phox2b+), which are primarily taste, from those projecting to the outer ear (auricular neurons) to label TrkB expressing neurons (TrkBGFP). We also compared neuron number, taste bud number, and taste receptor cell types in wild-type animals and conditional TrkB knockouts. Results Between E15.5-E17.5, TrkB receptor expression becomes restricted to half of the Phox2b + neurons. This TrkB downregulation was specific to oral cavity projecting neurons, since TrkB expression remained constant throughout development in the auricular geniculate neurons (Phox2b-). Conditional TrkB removal from oral sensory neurons (Phox2b+) reduced this population to 92% of control levels, indicating that only 8% of these neurons do not depend on TrkB for survival during development. The remaining neurons failed to innervate any remaining taste buds, 14% of which remained despite the complete loss of innervation. Finally, some types of taste receptor cells (Car4+) were more dependent on innervation than others (PLCβ2+). Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations: 1) neurons that always express TrkB and are TrkB-dependent during development (50%), 2) neurons dependent on TrkB during development but that downregulate TrkB expression between E15.5 and E17.5 (41%), and 3) neurons that never express or depend on TrkB (9%). These TrkB-independent neurons are likely non-gustatory, as they do not innervate taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rios-Pilier
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR Building Room 111, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robin F Krimm
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S. Floyd St., MDR Building Room 111, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Mutation in LBX1/Lbx1 precludes transcription factor cooperativity and causes congenital hypoventilation in humans and mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13021-13026. [PMID: 30487221 PMCID: PMC6304989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813520115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining low CO2 levels in our bodies is critical for life and depends on neurons that generate the respiratory rhythm and monitor tissue gas levels. Inadequate response to increasing levels of CO2 is common in congenital hypoventilation diseases. Here, we identified a mutation in LBX1, a homeodomain transcription factor, that causes congenital hypoventilation in humans. The mutation alters the C terminus of the protein without disturbing its DNA-binding domain. Mouse models carrying an analogous mutation recapitulate the disease. The mutation spares most Lbx1 functions, but selectively affects development of a small group of neurons central in respiration. Our work reveals a very unusual pathomechanism, a mutation that hampers a small subset of functions carried out by a transcription factor. The respiratory rhythm is generated by the preBötzinger complex in the medulla oblongata, and is modulated by neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), which are essential for accelerating respiration in response to high CO2. Here we identify a LBX1 frameshift (LBX1FS) mutation in patients with congenital central hypoventilation. The mutation alters the C-terminal but not the DNA-binding domain of LBX1. Mice with the analogous mutation recapitulate the breathing deficits found in humans. Furthermore, the mutation only interferes with a small subset of Lbx1 functions, and in particular with development of RTN neurons that coexpress Lbx1 and Phox2b. Genome-wide analyses in a cell culture model show that Lbx1FS and wild-type Lbx1 proteins are mostly bound to similar sites, but that Lbx1FS is unable to cooperate with Phox2b. Thus, our analyses on Lbx1FS (dys)function reveals an unusual pathomechanism; that is, a mutation that selectively interferes with the ability of Lbx1 to cooperate with Phox2b, and thus impairs the development of a small subpopulation of neurons essential for respiratory control.
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Driessen AK, Farrell MJ, Dutschmann M, Stanic D, McGovern AE, Mazzone SB. Reflex regulation of breathing by the paratrigeminal nucleus via multiple bulbar circuits. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4005-4022. [PMID: 30116890 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neurons of the jugular vagal ganglia innervate the respiratory tract and project to the poorly studied medullary paratrigeminal nucleus. In the present study, we used neuroanatomical tracing, pharmacology and physiology in guinea pig to investigate the paratrigeminal neural circuits mediating jugular ganglia-evoked respiratory reflexes. Retrogradely traced laryngeal jugular ganglia neurons were largely (> 60%) unmyelinated and expressed the neuropeptide substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, although a population (~ 30%) of larger diameter myelinated jugular neurons was defined by the expression of vGlut1. Within the brainstem, vagal afferent terminals were confined to the caudal two-thirds of the paratrigeminal nucleus. Electrical stimulation of the laryngeal mucosa evoked a vagally mediated respiratory slowing that was mimicked by laryngeal capsaicin application. These laryngeal reflexes were modestly reduced by neuropeptide receptor antagonist microinjections into the paratrigeminal nucleus, but abolished by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. D,L-Homocysteic acid microinjections into the paratrigeminal nucleus mimicked the laryngeal-evoked respiratory slowing, whereas capsaicin microinjections evoked a persistent tachypnoea that was insensitive to glutamatergic inhibition but abolished by neuropeptide receptor antagonists. Extensive projections from paratrigeminal neurons were anterogradely traced throughout the pontomedullary respiratory column. Dual retrograde tracing from pontine and ventrolateral medullary termination sites, as well as immunohistochemical staining for calbindin and neurokinin 1 receptors, supported the existence of different subpopulations of paratrigeminal neurons. Collectively, these data provide anatomical and functional evidence for at least two types of post-synaptic paratrigeminal neurons involved in respiratory reflexes, highlighting an unrecognised complexity in sensory processing in this region of the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria K Driessen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Michael J Farrell
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Davor Stanic
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Biphasic functions for the GDNF-Ret signaling pathway in chemosensory neuron development and diversification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E516-E525. [PMID: 29282324 PMCID: PMC5776963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708838115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While knowledge of signaling mechanisms orchestrating the development and diversification of peripheral somatosensory neurons is extensive, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling chemosensory neuron specification remains rudimentary. Lingually projecting sensory neurons of the geniculate ganglion are receptive to the five taste qualities, as well as temperature and tactile stimuli, but the mechanisms responsible for the diversification of the unique subpopulations that respond to one, or several, of these stimuli remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that the GDNF-Ret signaling pathway exerts a unique, dual function in peripheral taste system development and postnatal function. Ret acts embryonically to regulate the expression of the chemosensory master regulator Phox2b, thus inducing chemosensory differentiation, while postnatally acting to specify a molecularly unique subpopulation of lingual mechanoreceptors. The development of the taste system relies on the coordinated regulation of cues that direct the simultaneous development of both peripheral taste organs and innervating sensory ganglia, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel, biphasic function for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the development and subsequent diversification of chemosensory neurons within the geniculate ganglion (GG). GDNF, acting through the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret, regulates the expression of the chemosensory fate determinant Phox2b early in GG development. Ret−/− mice, but not Retfx/fx; Phox2b-Cre mice, display a profound loss of Phox2b expression with subsequent chemosensory innervation deficits, indicating that Ret is required for the initial amplification of Phox2b expression but not its maintenance. Ret expression is extinguished perinatally but reemerges postnatally in a subpopulation of large-diameter GG neurons expressing the mechanoreceptor marker NF200 and the GDNF coreceptor GFRα1. Intriguingly, we observed that ablation of these neurons in adult Ret-Cre/ERT2; Rosa26LSL-DTA mice caused a specific loss of tactile, but not chemical or thermal, electrophysiological responses. Overall, the GDNF-Ret pathway exerts two critical and distinct functions in the peripheral taste system: embryonic chemosensory cell fate determination and the specification of lingual mechanoreceptors.
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