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Yang A, Wu CH, Matsuo S, Umene R, Nakamura Y, Inoue T. Activation of the α7nAChR by GTS-21 mitigates septic tubular cell injury and modulates macrophage infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112555. [PMID: 38943973 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The most common and serious complication among hospitalized and critically ill patients is sepsis-associated acute kidney damage (S-AKI), which raises the risk of comorbidities and is linked to a high mortality rate. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), an anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve, acetylcholine, and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), offers new perspectives for the treatment of S-AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of CAP and α7nAChR in kidney injury by employing an LPS-induced septic kidney injury mouse model and GTS-21 intervention. C57BL/6 mice were injected with LPS, with or without GTS-21, in different subgroups. Kidney function was assessed by plasma creatinine, histology, and markers of kidney injury 24 h after intervention. The results demonstrated that GTS-21 could inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and directly protect the tubular cell injury from LPS. To explore the novel gene involved in this response, RNA sequencing of the renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2), pretreated with LPS and GTS-21, was conducted. The results indicate that GTS-21 administration reduces LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines secretion by HK-2, including CCL20, a potent chemokine attracting monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, a macrophage transmigration assay revealed that GTS-21 inhibits macrophage transmigration by downregulating the expression of CCL20 in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, GTS-21, as an α7nAChR agonist, emerges as a noteworthy and versatile treatment for S-AKI. Its dual function of directly protecting renal tubular cells and regulating inflammatory responses represents a major advancement in the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI. This finding might pave the way for novel approaches to improving patient outcomes and reducing death rates in sepsis-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobing Yang
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
| | - Sayumi Matsuo
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
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2
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Hornung E, Robbins S, Srivastava A, Achanta S, Chen J, Cheng ZJ, Schwaber J, Vadigepalli R. Neuromodulatory co-expression in cardiac vagal motor neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. iScience 2024; 27:110549. [PMID: 39171288 PMCID: PMC11338141 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagal innervation is well known to be crucial to the maintenance of cardiac health, and to protect and recover the heart from injury. Only recently has this role been shown to depend on the activity of the underappreciated dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). By combining neural tracing, transcriptomics, and anatomical mapping in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, we characterize cardiac-specific neuronal phenotypes in the DMV. We find that the DMV cardiac-projecting neurons differentially express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and synucleins, as well as evidence that they participate in neuromodulatory co-expression involving catecholamines. The significance of these findings is enhanced by previous knowledge of the role of PACAP at the heart and of the other neuromodulators in peripheral vagal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Hornung
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shaina Robbins
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sirisha Achanta
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, BMS Building 20, Room 230, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Zixi Jack Cheng
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, BMS Building 20, Room 230, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - James Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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3
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Xie ZF, Wang SY, Gao Y, Zhang YD, Han YN, Huang J, Gao MN, Wang CG. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD): two potential mechanisms in cognitive function. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05091-0. [PMID: 39138750 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) impacts a significant number of patients annually, frequently impairing their cognitive abilities and resulting in unfavorable clinical outcomes. Aimed at addressing cognitive impairment, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic approach, which was used in many mental disordered diseases, through the modulation of vagus nerve activity. In POCD model, the enhancement of cognition function provided by VNS was shown, demonstrating VNS effect on cognition in POCD. In the present study, we primarily concentrates on elucidating the role of the VNS improving the cognitive function in POCD, via two potential mechanisms: the inflammatory microenvironment and epigenetics. This study provided a theoretical support for the feasibility that VNS can be a potential method to enhance cognition function in POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mei-Na Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Chun-Guang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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4
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Akinyemi DE, Chevre R, Soehnlein O. Neuro-immune crosstalk in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and repair. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:597-608. [PMID: 39030115 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune cells are primary effectors during host defense and in sterile inflammation. Their production in the bone marrow is tightly regulated by growth and niche factors, and their activity at sites of inflammation is orchestrated by a network of alarmins and cytokines. Yet, recent work highlights a significant role of the peripheral nervous system in these processes. Sympathetic neural pathways play a key role in regulating blood cell homeostasis, and sensory neural pathways mediate pro- or anti-inflammatory signaling in a tissue-specific manner. Here, we review emerging evidence of the fine titration of hematopoiesis, leukocyte trafficking, and tissue repair via neuro-immune crosstalk, and how its derailment can accelerate chronic inflammation, as in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Emmanuel Akinyemi
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Raphael Chevre
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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5
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Falvey A, Palandira SP, Chavan SS, Brines M, Dantzer R, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in male mice can regulate inflammation without affecting the heart rate. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:630-639. [PMID: 38670240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vagus nerve plays an important role in neuroimmune interactions and in the regulation of inflammation. A major source of efferent vagus nerve fibers that contribute to the regulation of inflammation is the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN), as recently shown using optogenetics. In contrast to optogenetics, electrical neuromodulation has broad therapeutic implications. However, the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the DMN (eDMNS) and the possible heart rate (HR) alterations associated with this approach have not been investigated. Here, we examined the effects of eDMNS on HR and cytokine levels in mice administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis. METHODS Anesthetized male 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice on a stereotaxic frame were subjected to eDMNS using a concentric bipolar electrode inserted into the left or right DMN or sham stimulation. eDMNS (500, 250 or 50 μA at 30 Hz, for 1 min) was performed and HR recorded. In endotoxemia experiments, sham or eDMNS utilizing 250 μA or 50 μA was performed for 5 mins and was followed by LPS (0.5 mg/kg) i.p. administration. eDMNS was also applied in mice with cervical unilateral vagotomy or sham operation. In CLP experiments sham or left eDMNS was performed immediately post CLP. Cytokines and corticosterone were analyzed 90 mins after LPS administration or 24 h after CLP. CLP survival was monitored for 14 days. RESULTS Either left or right eDMNS at 500 μA and 250 μA decreased HR, compared with baseline pre-stimulation. This effect was not observed at 50 μA. Left side eDMNS at 50 μA, compared with sham stimulation, significantly decreased serum and splenic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF and increased serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 during endotoxemia. The anti-inflammatory effect of eDMNS was abrogated in mice with unilateral vagotomy and was not associated with serum corticosterone alterations. Right side eDMNS in endotoxemic mice suppressed serum TNF and increased serum IL-10 levels but had no effects on splenic cytokines. In mice with CLP, left side eDMNS suppressed serum IL-6, as well as splenic IL-6 and increased splenic IL-10 and significantly improved the survival rate of CLP mice. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we show that a regimen of eDMNS which does not cause bradycardia alleviates LPS-induced inflammation. These eDMNS anti-inflammatory effects require an intact vagus nerve and are not associated with corticosteroid alterations. eDMNS also decreases inflammation and improves survival in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. These findings are of interest for further studies exploring bioelectronic anti-inflammatory approaches targeting the brainstem DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Falvey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Santhoshi P Palandira
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Symptom Research, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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6
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Tanaka S. Targeting inflammation in perivascular cells and neuroimmune interactions for treating kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:505-512. [PMID: 38630367 PMCID: PMC11116252 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. Kidney perivascular cells (pericytes/fibroblasts) are responsible for producing proinflammatory molecules, promoting immune cell infiltration, and enhancing inflammation. Vascular adhesion protein-1, expressed in kidney perivascular cells, is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines with the production of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Our study demonstrated that blocking this enzyme suppressed hydrogen peroxide production and neutrophil infiltration, thereby reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling was also observed to play an essential role in the regulation of perivascular inflammation. S1P, which is produced in kidney perivascular cells, is transported into the extracellular space via spinster homolog 2, and then binds to S1P receptor-1 expressed in perivascular cells. Upon injury, inflammatory signaling in perivascular cells is enhanced by this pathway, thereby promoting immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. Furthermore, inhibition of S1P transport by spinster homolog 2 reduces kidney fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors can restore the capacity for erythropoietin production in kidney perivascular cells. Animal data suggested that these drugs could also alleviate kidney and lipid inflammation although the precise mechanism is still unknown. Neuroimmune interactions have been attracting significant attention due to their potential to benefit patients with inflammatory diseases. Vagus nerve stimulation is one of the most promising strategies for harnessing neuroimmune interactions and attenuating inflammation associated with various diseases, including kidney disease. Using cutting-edge tools, the vagal afferents-C1 neurons-sympathetic nervous system-splenic nerve-spleen-kidney axis responsible for kidney protection induced by vagus nerve stimulation was identified in our study. Further research is required to decipher other crucial systems that control kidney inflammation and to determine whether these novel strategies can be applied to patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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8
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Chen J, Lai X, Song Y, Su X. Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240008. [PMID: 38925790 PMCID: PMC11216688 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0008-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system is a complex and highly coordinated process involving interactions between the nervous and immune systems to detect and respond to pathogens, pollutants and other potential hazards in the respiratory tract. This interaction helps maintain the health and integrity of the respiratory system. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between the respiratory nervous system and immune system is critical to maintaining lung health and developing treatments for respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarise the projection distribution of different types of neurons (trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal dorsal root nerve, sympathetic nerve) in the respiratory tract. We also introduce several types of cells in the respiratory epithelium that closely interact with nerves (pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, brush cells, solitary chemosensory cells and tastebuds). These cells are primarily located at key positions in the respiratory tract, where nerves project to them, forming neuroepithelial recognition units, thus enhancing the ability of neural recognition. Furthermore, we summarise the roles played by these different neurons in sensing or responding to specific pathogens (influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, herpes viruses, Sendai parainfluenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, amoebae), allergens, atmospheric pollutants (smoking, exhaust pollution), and their potential roles in regulating interactions among different pathogens. We also summarise the prospects of bioelectronic medicine as a third therapeutic approach following drugs and surgery, as well as the potential mechanisms of meditation breathing as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyun Lai
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Coverdell TC, Abbott SBG, Campbell JN. Molecular cell types as functional units of the efferent vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:210-218. [PMID: 37507330 PMCID: PMC10811285 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve vitally connects the brain and body to coordinate digestive, cardiorespiratory, and immune functions. Its efferent neurons, which project their axons from the brainstem to the viscera, are thought to comprise "functional units" - neuron populations dedicated to the control of specific vagal reflexes or organ functions. Previous research indicates that these functional units differ from one another anatomically, neurochemically, and physiologically but have yet to define their identity in an experimentally tractable way. However, recent work with genetic technology and single-cell genomics suggests that genetically distinct subtypes of neurons may be the functional units of the efferent vagus. Here we review how these approaches are revealing the organizational principles of the efferent vagus in unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Coverdell
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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10
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Zhu X, Huang JY, Dong WY, Tang HD, Xu S, Wu Q, Zhang H, Cheng PK, Jin Y, Zhu MY, Zhao W, Mao Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Tao W, Tian Y, Bai L, Zhang Z. Somatosensory cortex and central amygdala regulate neuropathic pain-mediated peripheral immune response via vagal projections to the spleen. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:471-483. [PMID: 38291284 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pain involves neuroimmune crosstalk, but the mechanisms of this remain unclear. Here we showed that the splenic T helper 2 (TH2) immune cell response is differentially regulated in male mice with acute versus chronic neuropathic pain and that acetylcholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (AChDMV) directly innervate the spleen. Combined in vivo recording and immune cell profiling revealed the following two distinct circuits involved in pain-mediated peripheral TH2 immune response: glutamatergic neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (GluS1HL)→AChDMV→spleen circuit and GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (GABACeA)→AChDMV→spleen circuit. The acute pain condition elicits increased excitation from GluS1HL neurons to spleen-projecting AChDMV neurons and increased the proportion of splenic TH2 immune cells. The chronic pain condition increased inhibition from GABACeA neurons to spleen-projecting AChDMV neurons and decreased splenic TH2 immune cells. Our study thus demonstrates how the brain encodes pain-state-specific immune responses in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ye Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Di Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Kai Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technique of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
- The Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
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11
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Komaru Y, Bai YZ, Kreisel D, Herrlich A. Interorgan communication networks in the kidney-lung axis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:120-136. [PMID: 37667081 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis and health of an organism depend on the coordinated interaction of specialized organs, which is regulated by interorgan communication networks of circulating soluble molecules and neuronal connections. Many diseases that seemingly affect one primary organ are really multiorgan diseases, with substantial secondary remote organ complications that underlie a large part of their morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in critically ill patients with multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality, particularly when it occurs together with respiratory failure. Inflammatory lung lesions in patients with kidney failure that could be distinguished from pulmonary oedema due to volume overload were first reported in the 1930s, but have been largely overlooked in clinical settings. A series of studies over the past two decades have elucidated acute and chronic kidney-lung and lung-kidney interorgan communication networks involving various circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, metabolites, uraemic toxins, immune cells and neuro-immune pathways. Further investigations are warranted to understand these clinical entities of high morbidity and mortality, and to develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Komaru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Zhu Bai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- VA Saint Louis Health Care System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Schiweck C, Sausmekat S, Zhao T, Jacobsen L, Reif A, Edwin Thanarajah S. No consistent evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of vagus nerve stimulation in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:237-258. [PMID: 38070618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been identified as an innovative immunosuppressive treatment strategy in rodent studies. However, its' clinical potential is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether VNS can reduce inflammatory proteins and/or immune cells in humans, through a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. The databases Cochrane, Pubmed and World of Knowledge were searched in duplicate up to the 3rd of March 2022 and publications from identified clinical trial registrations were identified until 20th of August 2023. Studies were included if they provided peer-reviewed data for humans who received VNS as short-term (<=1 day) or long-term (>=2 days-365 days) stimulation and reported at least one cytokine or immune cell after treatment.Screening of title, abstract, full text, and data extraction was performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and meta-regression was performed for moderating factors. Reporting bias was assessed. The standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) was used to indicate overall differences of cytokine data (mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range at the study level) to test our a-priori hypothesis. The systematic review of 36 studies with 1135 participants (355 receiving a control/sham condition and 780 receiving VNS) revealed anti-inflammatory effects of VNS for cytokines in several reports, albeit often in subgroup analyses, but our meta-analyses of 26 studies did not confirm these findings. Although most cytokines were numerically reduced, the reduction did not reach statistical significance after VNS: not in the between-group comparisons (short-term: TNF-α: g = -0.21, p = 0.359; IL-6: g = -0.94, p = 0.112; long-term: TNF-α: g = -0.13, p = 0.196; IL-6: g = -0.67, p = 0.306); nor in the within-study designs (short-term: TNF-α: g = -0.45, p = 0.630; IL-6: g = 0.28, p = 0.840; TNF-α: g = -0.53, p = 0.297; IL-6:g = -0.02, p = 0.954). Only the subgroup analysis of 4 long-term studies with acute inflammation was significant: VNS decreased CRP significantly more than sham stimulation. Additional subgroup analyses including stimulation duration, stimulation method (invasive/non-invasive), immune stimulation, and study quality did not alter results. However, heterogeneity was high, and most studies had poor to fair quality. Given the low number of studies for each disease, a disease-specific analysis was not possible. In conclusion, while numeric effects were reported in individual studies, the current evidence does not substantiate the claim that VNS impacts inflammatory cytokines in humans. However, it may be beneficial during acute inflammatory events. To assess its full potential, high-quality studies and technological advances are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sonja Sausmekat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leona Jacobsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Aziz T, Hussain N, Hameed Z, Lin L. Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: recent challenges and future recommendations. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297864. [PMID: 38174551 PMCID: PMC10773664 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy balanced diet is crucial in protecting the immune system against infections and diseases. Poor diets, such as the Western diet, contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, hypertension, and obesity. Microbiota, primarily composed of different microorganisms and residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also play a significant role in maintaining gut health. Polyphenols and probiotics found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds promote gut health and support the growth of beneficial bacteria. Different types of diets, their categories, and their impact on health are also mentioned. The relationship between diet, gut health, and the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases is discussed in this review article. The rationale behind the review concludes future recommendations for maintaining gut health and reducing the occurrence of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and other inflammatory diseases. There is also the need for standardized research methods, long-term studies, and translating scientific knowledge into practical dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nageen Hussain
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Zunaira Hameed
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Huang Y, Dong S, Li X, Shi J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Yu J. VNS-mediated α7nAChR signaling promotes SPM synthesis via regulation of netrin-1 expression during LPS-induced ALI. FASEB J 2024; 38:e9664. [PMID: 38038805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301623r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) plays a crucial role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) during sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Increasing evidence suggests that specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are important in resolving α7nAChR-mediated ALI resolution. Our study aims to elucidate the pivotal role of α7nAChR in the CAP during LPS-associated acute lung injury (ALI). By employing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), we identified α7nAChR as the key CAP subunit in ALI mice, effectively reducing lung permeability and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We further investigated the alterations in SPMs regulated by α7nAChR, revealing a predominant synthesis of lipoxin A4 (LXA4). The significance of α7nAChR-netrin-1 pathway in governing SPM synthesis was confirmed through the use of netrin-1 knockout mice and siRNA-transfected macrophages. Additionally, our evaluation identified a synchronous alteration of LXA4 synthesis in the α7nAChR-netrin-1 pathway accompanied by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), thereby confirming an ameliorative effect of LXA4 on lung injury and macrophage inflammatory response. Concurrently, inhibiting the function of LXA4 annulled the lung-protective effect of VNS. As a result, our findings reveal a novel anti-inflammatory pathway wherein VNS modulates netrin-1 expression via α7nAChR, ultimately leading to LXA4 synthesis and subsequent lung protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Seicol BJ, Guo Z, Garrity K, Xie R. Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1294525. [PMID: 38162822 PMCID: PMC10755874 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1294525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine uses electrical stimulation of the nervous system to improve health outcomes throughout the body primarily by regulating immune responses. This concept, however, has yet to be applied systematically to the auditory system. There is growing interest in how cochlear damage and associated neuroinflammation may contribute to hearing loss. In conjunction with recent findings, we propose here a new perspective, which could be applied alongside advancing technologies, to use auditory nerve (AN) stimulation to modulate immune responses in hearing health disorders and following surgeries for auditory implants. In this article we will: (1) review the mechanisms of inflammation in the auditory system in relation to various forms of hearing loss, (2) explore nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation throughout the body and how similar neural-immune circuits likely exist in the auditory system (3) summarize current methods for stimulating the auditory system, particularly the AN, and (4) propose future directions to use bioelectronic medicine to ameliorate harmful immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem to treat refractory conditions. We will illustrate how current knowledge from bioelectronic medicine can be applied to AN stimulation to resolve inflammation associated with implantation and disease. Further, we suggest the necessary steps to get discoveries in this emerging field from bench to bedside. Our vision is a future for AN stimulation that includes additional protocols as well as advances in devices to target and engage neural-immune circuitry for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Seicol
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zixu Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katy Garrity
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruili Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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16
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Nery Neto JADO, Yariwake VY, Câmara NOS, Andrade-Oliveira V. Enteroendocrine cells and gut hormones as potential targets in the crossroad of the gut-kidney axis communication. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248757. [PMID: 37927592 PMCID: PMC10620747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that disruptions in intestinal homeostasis, such as changes in gut microbiota composition, infection, and inflammatory-related gut diseases, can be associated with kidney diseases. For instance, genomic investigations highlight how susceptibility genes linked to IgA nephropathy are also correlated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Conversely, investigations demonstrate that the use of short-chain fatty acids, produced through fermentation by intestinal bacteria, protects kidney function in models of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Thus, the dialogue between the gut and kidney seems to be crucial in maintaining their proper function, although the factors governing this crosstalk are still emerging as the field evolves. In recent years, a series of studies have highlighted the significance of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) which are part of the secretory lineage of the gut epithelial cells, as important components in gut-kidney crosstalk. EECs are distributed throughout the epithelial layer and release more than 20 hormones in response to microenvironment stimuli. Interestingly, some of these hormones and/or their pathways such as Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, gastrin, and somatostatin have been shown to exert renoprotective effects. Therefore, the present review explores the role of EECs and their hormones as regulators of gut-kidney crosstalk and their potential impact on kidney diseases. This comprehensive exploration underscores the substantial contribution of EEC hormones in mediating gut-kidney communication and their promising potential for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arimatéa de Oliveira Nery Neto
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Bernardo’s Lab, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Mughrabi IT, Gerber M, Jayaprakash N, Palandira SP, Al-Abed Y, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Smith C, Pavlov VA, Zanos S. Voltammetry in the spleen assesses real-time immunomodulatory norepinephrine release elicited by autonomic neurostimulation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:236. [PMID: 37848937 PMCID: PMC10583388 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The noradrenergic innervation of the spleen is implicated in the autonomic control of inflammation and has been the target of neurostimulation therapies for inflammatory diseases. However, there is no real-time marker of its successful activation, which hinders the development of anti-inflammatory neurostimulation therapies and mechanistic studies in anti-inflammatory neural circuits. METHODS In mice, we performed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the spleen during intravenous injections of norepinephrine (NE), and during stimulation of the vagus, splanchnic, or splenic nerves. We defined the stimulus-elicited charge generated at the oxidation potential for NE (~ 0.88 V) as the "NE voltammetry signal" and quantified the dependence of the signal on NE dose and intensity of neurostimulation. We correlated the NE voltammetry signal with the anti-inflammatory effect of splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) in a model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced endotoxemia, quantified as suppression of TNF release. RESULTS The NE voltammetry signal is proportional to the estimated peak NE blood concentration, with 0.1 μg/mL detection threshold. In response to SpNS, the signal increases within seconds, returns to baseline minutes later, and is blocked by interventions that deplete NE or inhibit NE release. The signal is elicited by efferent, but not afferent, electrical or optogenetic vagus nerve stimulation, and by splanchnic nerve stimulation. The magnitude of the signal during SpNS is inversely correlated with subsequent TNF suppression in endotoxemia and explains 40% of the variance in TNF measurements. CONCLUSIONS FSCV in the spleen provides a marker for real-time monitoring of anti-inflammatory activation of the splenic innervation during autonomic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gerber
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Santhoshi P Palandira
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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18
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Chang EH, Gabalski AH, Huerta TS, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Zanos TP, Zanos S, Grill WM, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y. The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: today's tools, tomorrow's therapies. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 37794457 PMCID: PMC10552422 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of bioelectronic medicine (BEM) is poised to make a significant impact on the treatment of several neurological and inflammatory disorders. With several BEM therapies being recently approved for clinical use and others in late-phase clinical trials, the 2022 BEM summit was a timely scientific meeting convening a wide range of experts to discuss the latest developments in the field. The BEM Summit was held over two days in New York with more than thirty-five invited speakers and panelists comprised of researchers and experts from both academia and industry. The goal of the meeting was to bring international leaders together to discuss advances and cultivate collaborations in this emerging field that incorporates aspects of neuroscience, physiology, molecular medicine, engineering, and technology. This Meeting Report recaps the latest findings discussed at the Meeting and summarizes the main developments in this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary field. Our hope is that this Meeting Report will encourage researchers from academia and industry to push the field forward and generate new multidisciplinary collaborations that will form the basis of new discoveries that we can discuss at the next BEM Summit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Chang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Arielle H Gabalski
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Tomas S Huerta
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Theodoros P Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Duke University, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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19
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Namba MD, Xie Q, Barker JM. Advancing the preclinical study of comorbid neuroHIV and substance use disorders: Current perspectives and future directions. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:453-475. [PMID: 37567486 PMCID: PMC10528352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a persistent public health concern throughout the world. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a common comorbidity that can worsen treatment outcomes for people living with HIV. The relationship between HIV infection and SUD outcomes is likely bidirectional, making clear interrogation of neurobehavioral outcomes challenging in clinical populations. Importantly, the mechanisms through which HIV and addictive drugs disrupt homeostatic immune and CNS function appear to be highly overlapping and synergistic within HIV-susceptible reward and motivation circuitry in the central nervous system. Decades of animal research have revealed invaluable insights into mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology SUDs and HIV, although translational studies examining comorbid SUDs and HIV are very limited due to the technical challenges of modeling HIV infection preclinically. In this review, we discuss preclinical animal models of HIV and highlight key pathophysiological characteristics of each model, with a particular emphasis on rodent models of HIV. We then review the implementation of these models in preclinical SUD research and identify key gaps in knowledge in the field. Finally, we discuss how cutting-edge behavioral neuroscience tools, which have revealed key insights into the neurobehavioral mechanisms of SUDs, can be applied to preclinical animal models of HIV to reveal potential, novel treatment avenues for comorbid HIV and SUDs. Here, we argue that future preclinical SUD research would benefit from incorporating comorbidities such as HIV into animal models and would facilitate the discovery of more refined, subpopulation-specific mechanisms and effective SUD prevention and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Namba
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Boahen A, Hu D, Adams MJ, Nicholls PK, Greene WK, Ma B. Bidirectional crosstalk between the peripheral nervous system and lymphoid tissues/organs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254054. [PMID: 37767094 PMCID: PMC10520967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system generally by regulating the systemic concentration of humoral substances (e.g., cortisol and epinephrine), whereas the peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions/connections. An imbalance between the components of the PNS might contribute to pathogenesis and the further development of certain diseases. In this review, we have explored the "thread" (hardwiring) of the connections between the immune system (e.g., primary/secondary/tertiary lymphoid tissues/organs) and PNS (e.g., sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems (ENS)) in health and disease in vitro and in vivo. Neuroimmune cell units provide an anatomical and physiological basis for bidirectional crosstalk between the PNS and the immune system in peripheral tissues, including lymphoid tissues and organs. These neuroimmune interactions/modulation studies might greatly contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which the PNS possibly affects cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and diseases. Physical, chemical, pharmacological, and other manipulations of these neuroimmune interactions should bring about the development of practical therapeutic applications for certain neurological, neuroimmunological, infectious, inflammatory, and immunological disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boahen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri-Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dailun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Murray J. Adams
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Philip K. Nicholls
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne K. Greene
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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21
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Husain Syed F, Okusa MD. Neuroimmune Control of Inflammation in Acute Kidney Injury: From Mouse Models to Human Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:754-758. [PMID: 37257419 DOI: 10.1159/000531293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is common in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and contributes to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The central nervous system plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory pathways of AKI. In this review, we discuss the preclinical evidence for the neural pathways associated with neuromodulation in AKI, as well as clinical trials that translate these observations into the clinical context. The ultimate goal of these trials is to design strategies using noninvasive approaches, such as splenic pulsed ultrasonography, to prevent or attenuate inflammatory conditions at the bedside, including AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Husain Syed
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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22
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Falvey A, Palandira SP, Chavan SS, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus regulates inflammation without affecting the heart rate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541191. [PMID: 37292846 PMCID: PMC10245723 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The vagus nerve plays an important role in neuroimmune interactions and in the regulation of inflammation. A major source of efferent vagus nerve fibers that contribute to the regulation of inflammation is the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) as recently shown using optogenetics. In contrast to optogenetics, electrical neuromodulation has broad therapeutic implications, but the anti-inflammatory efficacy of electrical DMN stimulation (eDMNS) was not previously investigated. Here, we examined the effects of eDMNS on heart rate (HR) and cytokine levels in murine endotoxemia as well as the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Methods Anesthetized male 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice on a stereotaxic frame were subjected to eDMNS using a concentric bipolar electrode inserted into the left or right DMN or sham stimulation. eDMNS (50, 250 or 500 μA and 30 Hz, for 1 min) was performed and HR recorded. In endotoxemia experiments, sham or eDMNS utilizing 250 μA or 50 μA was performed for 5 mins and was followed by LPS (0.5 mg/kg) i.p. administration. eDMNS was also applied in mice with cervical unilateral vagotomy or sham operation. In CLP experiments sham or left eDMNS was performed immediately post CLP. Cytokines and corticosterone were analyzed 90 mins after LPS administration or 24h after CLP. CLP survival was monitored for 14 days. Results Either left or right eDMNS at 250 μA and 500 μA decreased HR, compared with pre- and post-stimulation. This effect was not observed at 50 μA. Left side eDMNS at 50 μA, compared with sham stimulation, significantly decreased serum and splenic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF and increased serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 during endotoxemia. The anti-inflammatory effect of eDMNS was abrogated in mice with unilateral vagotomy and were not associated with serum corticosterone alterations. Right side eDMNS suppressed serum TNF levels but had no effects on serum IL-10 and on splenic cytokines. In mice with CLP, left side eDMNS suppressed serum TNF and IL-6, as well as splenic IL-6 and increased splenic IL-10 and significantly improved the survival rate of CLP mice. Conclusions For the first time we show that a regimen of eDMNS which does not cause bradycardia alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and these effects require an intact vagus nerve and are not associated with corticosteroid alterations. eDMNS also decreases inflammation and improves survival in a model of polymicrobial sepsis. These findings are of interest for further studies exploring bioelectronic anti-inflammatory approaches targeting the brainstem DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Falvey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Santhoshi P. Palandira
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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23
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Salgado HC, Brognara F, Ribeiro AB, Lataro RM, Castania JA, Ulloa L, Kanashiro A. Autonomic Regulation of Inflammation in Conscious Animals. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:102-112. [PMID: 37232031 DOI: 10.1159/000530908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine is a novel field in modern medicine based on the specific neuronal stimulation to control organ function, cardiovascular, and immune homeostasis. However, most studies addressing neuromodulation of the immune system have been conducted on anesthetized animals, which can affect the nervous system and neuromodulation. Here, we review recent studies involving conscious experimental rodents (rats and mice) to better understand the functional organization of neural control of immune homeostasis. We highlight typical experimental models of cardiovascular regulation, such as electrical activation of the aortic depressor nerve or the carotid sinus nerve, bilateral carotid occlusion, the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, and intravenous administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. These models have been used to investigate the relationship between neuromodulation of the cardiovascular and immune systems in conscious rodents (rats and mice). These studies provide critical information about the neuromodulation of the immune system, particularly the role of the autonomic nervous system, i.e., the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches acting both centrally (hypothalamus, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus tractus solitarius, caudal ventrolateral medulla, and rostral ventrolateral medulla), and peripherally (particularly spleen and adrenal medulla). Overall, the studies in conscious experimental models have certainly highlighted to the reader how the methodological approaches used to investigate cardiovascular reflexes in conscious rodents (rats and mice) can also be valuable for investigating the neural mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses. The reviewed studies have clinical implications for future therapeutic approaches of bioelectronic modulation of the nervous system to control organ function and physiological homeostasis in conscious physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Nursing, General and Specialized, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Maria Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Medical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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24
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Matsuura R, Doi K, Rabb H. Acute kidney injury and distant organ dysfunction-network system analysis. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1041-1055. [PMID: 37030663 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about half of critically ill patients and associates with high in-hospital mortality, increased long-term mortality post-discharge and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease. Numerous clinical studies have shown that AKI is often complicated by dysfunction of distant organs, which is a cause of the high mortality associated with AKI. Experimental studies have elucidated many mechanisms of AKI-induced distant organ injury, which include inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and immune responses. This review will provide an update on evidence of organ crosstalk and potential therapeutics for AKI-induced organ injuries, and present the new concept of a systemic organ network to balance homeostasis and inflammation that goes beyond kidney-crosstalk with a single distant organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, the University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital.
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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25
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Sahoglu SG, Kazci YE, Karadogan B, Aydin MS, Nebol A, Turhan MU, Ozturk G, Cagavi E. High-resolution mapping of sensory fibers at the healthy and post-myocardial infarct whole transgenic hearts. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:338-353. [PMID: 36517461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sensory nervous system is critical to maintain cardiac function. As opposed to efferent innervation, less is known about cardiac afferents. For this, we mapped the VGLUT2-expressing cardiac afferent fibers of spinal and vagal origin by using the VGLUT2::tdTomato double transgenic mouse as an approach to visualize the whole hearts both at the dorsal and ventral sides. For comparison, we colabeled mixed-sex transgenic hearts with either TUJ1 protein for global cardiac innervation or tyrosine hydroxylase for the sympathetic network at the healthy state or following ischemic injury. Interestingly, the nerve density for global and VGLUT2-expressing afferents was found significantly higher on the dorsal side compared to the ventral side. From the global nerve innervation detected by TUJ1 immunoreactivity, VGLUT2 afferent innervation was detected to be 15-25% of the total network. The detailed characterization of both the atria and the ventricles revealed a remarkable diversity of spinal afferent nerve ending morphologies of flower sprays, intramuscular endings, and end-net branches that innervate distinct anatomical parts of the heart. Using this integrative approach in a chronic myocardial infarct model, we showed a significant increase in hyperinnervation in the form of axonal sprouts for cardiac afferents at the infarct border zone, as well as denervation at distal sites of the ischemic area. The functional and physiological consequences of the abnormal sensory innervation remodeling post-ischemic injury should be further evaluated in future studies regarding their potential contribution to cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Goktas Sahoglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Enes Kazci
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Karadogan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Nebol
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology and Genetics Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ugurcan Turhan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Cagavi
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology and Genetics Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Jayaprakash N, Song W, Toth V, Vardhan A, Levy T, Tomaio J, Qanud K, Mughrabi I, Chang YC, Rob M, Daytz A, Abbas A, Nassrallah Z, Volpe BT, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Miller L, Barbe MF, Lee SC, Zanos TP, Zanos S. Organ- and function-specific anatomical organization of vagal fibers supports fascicular vagus nerve stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:484-506. [PMID: 36773779 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagal fibers travel inside fascicles and form branches to innervate organs and regulate organ functions. Existing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapies activate vagal fibers non-selectively, often resulting in reduced efficacy and side effects from non-targeted organs. The transverse and longitudinal arrangement of fibers inside the vagal trunk with respect to the functions they mediate and organs they innervate is unknown, however it is crucial for selective VNS. Using micro-computed tomography imaging, we tracked fascicular trajectories and found that, in swine, sensory and motor fascicles are spatially separated cephalad, close to the nodose ganglion, and merge caudad, towards the lower cervical and upper thoracic region; larynx-, heart- and lung-specific fascicles are separated caudad and progressively merge cephalad. Using quantified immunohistochemistry at single fiber level, we identified and characterized all vagal fibers and found that fibers of different morphological types are differentially distributed in fascicles: myelinated afferents and efferents occupy separate fascicles, myelinated and unmyelinated efferents also occupy separate fascicles, and small unmyelinated afferents are widely distributed within most fascicles. We developed a multi-contact cuff electrode to accommodate the fascicular structure of the vagal trunk and used it to deliver fascicle-selective cervical VNS in anesthetized and awake swine. Compound action potentials from distinct fiber types, and physiological responses from different organs, including laryngeal muscle, cough, breathing, and heart rate responses are elicited in a radially asymmetric manner, with consistent angular separations that agree with the documented fascicular organization. These results indicate that fibers in the trunk of the vagus nerve are anatomically organized according to functions they mediate and organs they innervate and can be asymmetrically activated by fascicular cervical VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Viktor Toth
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Todd Levy
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Khaled Qanud
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Yao-Chuan Chang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Moontahinaz Rob
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Anna Daytz
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Adam Abbas
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab Nassrallah
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Larry Miller
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Sunhee C Lee
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Stavros Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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27
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Abe C, Katayama C, Ohbayashi K, Horii K, Ogawa B, Fujimoto C, Iwasaki Y, Nin F, Morita H. Galvanic vestibular stimulation-induced activation of C1 neurons in medulla oblongata protects against acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R152-R160. [PMID: 36534584 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00131.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic nerves, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, control the immune system along with their physiological functions. On the peripheral side, the interaction between the splenic sympathetic nerves and immune cells is important for the anti-inflammatory effects. However, the central mechanism underlying these anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear. C1 neurons respond to stressors and subsequently determine the outflow of the autonomic nervous system. We have previously shown that C1 neurons protect against acute kidney injury and found a signaling connection between peripheral vestibular organs and C1 neurons. Thus, we hypothesized that hypergravity load or galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) might protect against acute lung injury. We showed that C1 neurons are histologically and functionally activated by stimulating the peripheral vestibular organs. Protection against acute lung injury that was induced by a 2 G load disappeared due to vestibular lesions or the deletion of C1 neurons. This GVS-induced protective effect was also eliminated by the deletion of the C1 neurons. Furthermore, GVS increased splenic sympathetic nerve activity in conscious mice, and splenic sympathetic denervation abolished the GVS-induced protection against acute lung injury. Therefore, the activated pathway between C1 neurons and splenic sympathetic nerves is indispensable for GVS-induced protection against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chikako Katayama
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kento Ohbayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Horii
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bakushi Ogawa
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chisato Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nin
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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28
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Silverman HA, Tynan A, Hepler TD, Chang EH, Gunasekaran M, Li JH, Huerta TS, Tsaava T, Chang Q, Addorisio ME, Chen AC, Thompson DA, Pavlov VA, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1-expressing vagus nerve fibers mediate IL-1β induced hypothermia and reflex anti-inflammatory responses. Mol Med 2023; 29:4. [PMID: 36650454 PMCID: PMC9847185 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, the physiological response to infection and injury, is coordinated by the immune and nervous systems. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other cytokines produced during inflammatory responses activate sensory neurons (nociceptors) to mediate the onset of pain, sickness behavior, and metabolic responses. Although nociceptors expressing Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) can initiate inflammation, comparatively little is known about the role of TRPA1 nociceptors in the physiological responses to specific cytokines. METHODS To monitor body temperature in conscious and unrestrained mice, telemetry probes were implanted into peritoneal cavity of mice. Using transgenic and tissue specific knockouts and chemogenetic techniques, we recorded temperature responses to the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Using calcium imaging, whole cell patch clamping and whole nerve recordings, we investigated the role of TRPA1 during IL-1β-mediated neuronal activation. Mouse models of acute endotoxemia and sepsis were used to elucidate how specific activation, with optogenetics and chemogenetics, or ablation of TRPA1 neurons can affect the outcomes of inflammatory insults. All statistical tests were performed with GraphPad Prism 9 software and for all analyses, P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Here, we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism by which IL-1β activates afferent vagus nerve fibers to trigger hypothermia, a response which is abolished by selective silencing of neuronal TRPA1. Afferent vagus nerve TRPA1 signaling also inhibits endotoxin-stimulated cytokine storm and significantly reduces the lethality of bacterial sepsis. CONCLUSION Thus, IL-1β activates TRPA1 vagus nerve signaling in the afferent arm of a reflex anti-inflammatory response which inhibits cytokine release, induces hypothermia, and reduces the mortality of infection. This discovery establishes that TRPA1, an ion channel known previously as a pro-inflammatory detector of cold, pain, itch, and a wide variety of noxious molecules, also plays a specific anti-inflammatory role via activating reflex anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Silverman
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Aisling Tynan
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tyler D Hepler
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jian Hua Li
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Meghan E Addorisio
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Adrian C Chen
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Dane A Thompson
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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29
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Alvarez MR, Alarcon JM, Roman CA, Lazaro D, Bobrowski-Khoury N, Baena-Caldas GP, Esber GR. Can a basic solution activate the inflammatory reflex? A review of potential mechanisms, opportunities, and challenges. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106525. [PMID: 36441036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy to treat systemic inflammatory disorders. However, this strategy is hindered by the cost and side effects of traditional IR activators. Recently, oral intake of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been suggested to activate the IR, providing a safe and inexpensive alternative. Critically, the mechanisms whereby NaHCO3 might achieve this effect and more broadly the pathways underlying the IR remain poorly understood. Here, we argue that the recognition of NaHCO3 as a potential IR activator presents exciting clinical and research opportunities. To aid this quest, we provide an integrative review of our current knowledge of the neural and cellular pathways mediating the IR and discuss the status of physiological models of IR activation. From this vantage point, we derive testable hypotheses on potential mechanisms whereby NaHCO3 might stimulate the IR and compare NaHCO3 with classic IR activators. Elucidation of these mechanisms will help determine the therapeutic value of NaHCO3 as an IR activator and provide new insights into the IR circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rodriguez Alvarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Pathology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christopher A Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Deana Lazaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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30
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Zuo G, Gao Y, Lu G, Bu M, Liu J, Zhang J, Fan X, Chen H, Wang X, She Y. Auriculotherapy Modulates Macrophage Polarization to Reduce Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acne. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6627393. [PMID: 37159798 PMCID: PMC10163966 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6627393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response is an important part of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Auriculotherapy has been shown to have a good therapeutic effect on this disease. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of auriculotherapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Methods Propionibacterium acnes was injected subcutaneously into the ears of rats to establish an animal model of acne. The auriculotherapy intervention in rats consisted of auricular bloodletting therapy (ABT), auricular point sticking (APS), or a combination of both (ABPS). The anti-inflammatory effects of auriculotherapy were evaluated by measuring changes in ear thickness, local body surface microcirculation in the ear, and serum inflammatory factors in rats. The polarization of macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway in the target tissues was analyzed using western blot. Results ABT, APS, and ABPS all reduced the erythema of ear acne, decreased microcirculation in localized ear acne, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in rats. Meanwhile, the three interventions reduced M1-type macrophages and increased M2-type macrophages; only APS could reduce the expression of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion ABT, APS, and ABPS can improve the inflammatory symptoms of acne and reduce inflammatory cytokines. APS may exert anti-inflammatory effects by altering macrophage polarization and decreasing TLR2/NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yidan Gao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Guangtong Lu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Ming Bu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Juncha Zhang
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Xisheng Fan
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yanfen She
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Dominant Diseases in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
- Department of Experimental Acupuncture, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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31
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Meng Q, Tian X, Li J, Pruekprasert N, Dhawan R, Holz GG, Cooney RN. GTS-21, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in Lepr db/db mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22360. [PMID: 36572735 PMCID: PMC9792461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complicating factor in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and it commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires kidney dialysis. Here, we report that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist GTS-21 exerts a novel anti-inflammatory action to ameliorate DN, as studied using an inbred strain of Leprdb/db mice in which hyperglycemia and obesity co-exist owing to defective leptin receptor (Lepr) signaling. For this analysis, GTS-21 was administered to 10-12 week-old male and female mice as a 4 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, twice-a-day, for 8 weeks. Kidney function and injury owing to DN were monitored by determination of plasma levels of BUN, creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL. Histologic analysis of glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion were also used to assess DN in these mice. Concurrently, renal inflammation was assessed by measuring IL-6 and HMGB1, while also quantifying renal cell apoptosis, and apoptotic signaling pathways. We found that Leprdb/db mice exhibited increased markers of BUN, creatinine, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-6, cytochrome C, and HMGB-1. These abnormalities were also accompanied by histologic kidney injury (mesangial matrix expansion and apoptosis). Remarkably, all such pathologies were significantly reduced by GTS-21. Collectively, our results provide new evidence that the α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 has the ability to attenuate diabetes-induced kidney injury. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the involvement of the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex pathway (CAP) in ameliorating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xinghan Tian
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Napat Pruekprasert
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ravi Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Suite 8141, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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32
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Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ. Bioelectronic medicine: Preclinical insights and clinical advances. Neuron 2022; 110:3627-3644. [PMID: 36174571 PMCID: PMC10155266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system maintains homeostasis and health. Homeostatic disruptions underlying the pathobiology of many diseases can be controlled by bioelectronic devices targeting CNS and peripheral neural circuits. New insights into the regulatory functions of the nervous system and technological developments in bioelectronics drive progress in the emerging field of bioelectronic medicine. Here, we provide an overview of key aspects of preclinical research, translation, and clinical advances in bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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33
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Chang YC, Ahmed U, Jayaprakash N, Mughrabi I, Lin Q, Wu YC, Gerber M, Abbas A, Daytz A, Gabalski AH, Ashville J, Dokos S, Rieth L, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Tracey KJ, Guo T, Al-Abed Y, Zanos S. kHz-frequency electrical stimulation selectively activates small, unmyelinated vagus afferents. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1389-1404. [PMID: 36241025 PMCID: PMC10164362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagal reflexes regulate homeostasis in visceral organs and systems through afferent and efferent neurons and nerve fibers. Small, unmyelinated, C-type afferents comprise over 80% of fibers in the vagus and form the sensory arc of autonomic reflexes of the gut, lungs, heart and vessels and the immune system. Selective bioelectronic activation of C-afferents could be used to mechanistically study and treat diseases of peripheral organs in which vagal reflexes are involved, but it has not been achieved. METHODS We stimulated the vagus in rats and mice using trains of kHz-frequency stimuli. Stimulation effects were assessed using neuronal c-Fos expression, physiological and nerve fiber responses, optogenetic and computational methods. RESULTS Intermittent kHz stimulation for 30 min activates specific motor and, preferentially, sensory vagus neurons in the brainstem. At sufficiently high frequencies (>5 kHz) and at intensities within a specific range (7-10 times activation threshold, T, in rats; 15-25 × T in mice), C-afferents are activated, whereas larger, A- and B-fibers, are blocked. This was determined by measuring fiber-specific acute physiological responses to kHz stimulus trains, and by assessing fiber excitability around kHz stimulus trains through compound action potentials evoked by probing pulses. Aspects of selective activation of C-afferents are explained in computational models of nerve fibers by how fiber size and myelin shape the response of sodium channels to kHz-frequency stimuli. CONCLUSION kHz stimulation is a neuromodulation strategy to robustly and selectively activate vagal C-afferents implicated in physiological homeostasis and disease, over larger vagal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Ibrahim Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Qihang Lin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Michael Gerber
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Adam Abbas
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Anna Daytz
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Arielle H Gabalski
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Jason Ashville
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Socrates Dokos
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Loren Rieth
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, United States
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, United States; Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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34
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Neural control of the spleen as an effector of immune responses to inflammation: mechanisms and treatments. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R375-R384. [PMID: 35993560 PMCID: PMC9485006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune system responses are a vital defense mechanism against pathogens. Inflammatory mediators finely regulate complex inflammatory responses from initiation to resolution. However, in certain conditions, the inflammation is initiated and amplified, but not resolved. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the regulation of the immune response is critical for developing therapeutic alternatives, including pharmaceuticals and bioelectronic tools. The spleen is an important immune effector organ since it orchestrates innate and adaptive immune responses such as pathogen clearance, cytokine production, and differentiation of cells, therefore playing a modulatory role that balances pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. However, modulation of splenic immune activity is a largely unexplored potential therapeutic tool that could be used for the treatment of inflammatory and life-threatening conditions. This review discusses some of the mechanisms controlling neuroimmune communication and the brain-spleen axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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35
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Newell-Rogers MK, Duong A, Nazarali R, Tobin RP, Rogers SK, Shapiro LA. Unilateral Cervical Vagotomy Modulates Immune Cell Profiles and the Response to a Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9851. [PMID: 36077246 PMCID: PMC9456009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TBI induces splenic B and T cell expansion that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The vagus nerve, the longest of the cranial nerves, is the predominant parasympathetic pathway allowing the central nervous system (CNS) control over peripheral organs, including regulation of inflammatory responses. One way this is accomplished is by vagus innervation of the celiac ganglion, from which the splenic nerve innervates the spleen. This splenic innervation enables modulation of the splenic immune response, including splenocyte selection, activation, and downstream signaling. Considering that the left and right vagus nerves have distinct courses, it is possible that they differentially influence the splenic immune response following a CNS injury. To test this possibility, immune cell subsets were profiled and quantified following either a left or a right unilateral vagotomy. Both unilateral vagotomies caused similar effects with respect to the percentage of B cells and in the decreased percentage of macrophages and T cells following vagotomy. We next tested the hypothesis that a left unilateral vagotomy would modulate the splenic immune response to a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mice received a left cervical vagotomy or a sham vagotomy 3 days prior to a fluid percussion injury (FPI), a well-characterized mouse model of TBI that consistently elicits an immune and neuroimmune response. Flow cytometric analysis showed that vagotomy prior to FPI resulted in fewer CLIP+ B cells, and CD4+, CD25+, and CD8+ T cells. Vagotomy followed by FPI also resulted in an altered distribution of CD11bhigh and CD11blow macrophages. Thus, transduction of immune signals from the CNS to the periphery via the vagus nerve can be targeted to modulate the immune response following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Karen Newell-Rogers
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- BCell Solutions, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO 80907, USA
| | - Amanda Duong
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Rizwan Nazarali
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80309, USA
| | - Richard P. Tobin
- Department of Surgery-Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susannah K. Rogers
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Lee A. Shapiro
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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36
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Tanaka S, Zheng S, Kharel Y, Fritzemeier RG, Huang T, Foster D, Poudel N, Goggins E, Yamaoka Y, Rudnicka KP, Lipsey JE, Radel HV, Ryuh SM, Inoue T, Yao J, Rosin DL, Schwab SR, Santos WL, Lynch KR, Okusa MD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in perivascular cells enhances inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2681. [PMID: 35976996 PMCID: PMC9873476 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, is highly prevalent and can eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. However, current treatments to slow CKD progression are limited. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingolipid catabolism, is a pleiotropic mediator involved in many cellular functions, and drugs targeting S1P signaling have previously been studied particularly for autoimmune diseases. The primary mechanism of most of these drugs is functional antagonism of S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) expressed on lymphocytes and the resultant immunosuppressive effect. Here, we documented the role of local S1P signaling in perivascular cells in the progression of kidney fibrosis using primary kidney perivascular cells and several conditional mouse models. S1P was predominantly produced by sphingosine kinase 2 in kidney perivascular cells and exported via spinster homolog 2 (Spns2). It bound to S1P1 expressed in perivascular cells to enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines upon injury, leading to immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. A small-molecule Spns2 inhibitor blocked S1P transport, resulting in suppression of inflammatory signaling in human and mouse kidney perivascular cells in vitro and amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. Our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by S1P and demonstrates the potential of Spns2 inhibition as a treatment for CKD and potentially other inflammatory and fibrotic diseases that avoids the adverse events associated with systemic modulation of S1P receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuqiu Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Russell G. Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yusuke Yamaoka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kinga P. Rudnicka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Lipsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Hope V. Radel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Sophia M. Ryuh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Diane L. Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, New York 10016, USA
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Mark D. Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Ottaviani MM, Macefield VG. Structure and Functions of the Vagus Nerve in Mammals. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3989-4037. [PMID: 35950655 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We review the structure and function of the vagus nerve, drawing on information obtained in humans and experimental animals. The vagus nerve is the largest and longest cranial nerve, supplying structures in the neck, thorax, and abdomen. It is also the only cranial nerve in which the vast majority of its innervation territory resides outside the head. While belonging to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, the nerve is primarily sensory-it is dominated by sensory axons. We discuss the macroscopic and microscopic features of the nerve, including a detailed description of its extensive territory. Histochemical and genetic profiles of afferent and efferent axons are also detailed, as are the central nuclei involved in the processing of sensory information conveyed by the vagus nerve and the generation of motor (including parasympathetic) outflow via the vagus nerve. We provide a comprehensive review of the physiological roles of vagal sensory and motor neurons in control of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, and finish with a discussion on the interactions between the vagus nerve and the immune system. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-49, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo M Ottaviani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vaughan G Macefield
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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38
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Choudhary RC, Ahmed U, Shoaib M, Alper E, Rehman A, Kim J, Shinozaki K, Volpe BT, Chavan S, Zanos S, Tracey KJ, Becker LB. Threshold adjusted vagus nerve stimulation after asphyxial cardiac arrest results in neuroprotection and improved survival. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:10. [PMID: 35854394 PMCID: PMC9297561 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown therapeutic potential in a variety of different diseases with many ongoing clinical trials. The role of VNS in reducing ischemic injury in the brain requires further evaluation. Cardiac arrest (CA) causes global ischemia and leads to the injury of vital organs, especially the brain. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of customized threshold-adjusted VNS (tVNS) in a rat model of CA and resuscitation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 12 min asphyxia-CA followed by resuscitation. Rats were assigned to either post-resuscitation tVNS for 2 h or no-tVNS (control). tVNS was applied by electrode placement in the left cervical vagus nerve. To optimize a threshold, we used animal's heart rate and determined a 15-20% drop from baseline levels as the effective and physiological threshold for each animal. The primary endpoint was 72 h survival; secondary endpoints included neurological functional recovery, reduction in brain cellular injury (histopathology), cardiac and renal injury parameters (troponin I and creatinine levels, respectively). RESULTS In comparison to the control group, tVNS significantly improved 72 h survival and brain functional recovery after 12 minutes of CA. The tVNS group demonstrated significantly reduced numbers of damaged neurons in the CA1 hippocampal region of the brain as compared to the control group. Similarly, the tVNS group showed decreased trend in plasma troponin I and creatinine levels as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that using tVNS for 2 h after 12 minutes of CA attenuates ischemia neuronal cell death, heart and kidney damage, and improves 72 h survival with improved neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh C Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Eric Alper
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta Chavan
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Lance B Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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39
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Teratani T, Mikami Y, Kanai T. Neuroimmune crosstalk in the gut and liver. Int Immunol 2022; 34:475-484. [PMID: 35793533 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been assumed that the nervous system exerts distinct effects on immune functions, given the large number of immune disorders that are affected by mental stress. In fact, many different immune cells have been shown to possess a wide variety of neurotransmitter receptors and receive signals of various neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Compared with the findings on local neuroimmune interactions, limited experimental techniques have so far failed to capture a comprehensive overview of neuroimmune interactions between distant organs and the autonomic nervous system in vivo, and the molecular mechanisms underlying local immune regulation of the nervous system have long remained unclear. However, the recent rapid progress in genetic recombination, microscopy and single-cell analysis has deepened our understanding of the anatomical and physiological functions of peripheral nerves at each organ to which they belong. Furthermore, the development of optogenetic and chemogenetic methods has enabled the artificial modulation of specific neuronal activities, and there has been remarkable progress in elucidation of the interaction between nerves and immune cells in vivo, particularly in barrier organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and skin. This review focuses on the immunoregulatory mechanisms governed by the autonomic nervous system and outlines the latest findings in the regulation of enteric and hepatic immunity by the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Sepsis-associated AKI is a life-threatening complication that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who are critically ill. Although it is clear early supportive interventions in sepsis reduce mortality, it is less clear that they prevent or ameliorate sepsis-associated AKI. This is likely because specific mechanisms underlying AKI attributable to sepsis are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms will form the foundation for the development of strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI. Here, we summarize recent laboratory and clinical studies, focusing on critical factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI: microcirculatory dysfunction, inflammation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, autophagy and efferocytosis, inflammatory reflex pathway, vitamin D, and metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, identifying these molecular targets and defining clinical subphenotypes will permit precision approaches in the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kuwabara
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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41
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Clinical perspectives on vagus nerve stimulation: present and future. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:695-709. [PMID: 35536161 PMCID: PMC9093220 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The vagus nerve, the great wanderer, is involved in numerous processes throughout the body and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has the potential to modulate many of these functions. This wide-reaching capability has generated much interest across a range of disciplines resulting in several clinical trials and studies into the mechanistic basis of VNS. This review discusses current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of VNS in different diseases and highlights recent advancements. Studies that provide insights into the mechanism of VNS are considered.
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42
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Zhou M, Wang L, Wang Z, Chang X, Zhu X. Celiac vagus nerve mediates expression of the acetylcholine receptor α7nAChR on monocytes in the spleen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:174-179. [PMID: 35597124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The spleen is required for the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory activity to maintain systemic immune homeostasis, but the underlying mechanism of this function is not fully understood yet. We hypothesized that vagus nerve mediates alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) expression in monocytes, an essential regulator of cholinergic anti-inflammatory activity, and the spleen is essential site for this process. To verify this hypothesis, mice were subjected to splenectomy or celiac vagotomy. The level of α7nAChR expression in circulating monocytes was analyzed by real-time PCR. Impact of α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 on LPS-evoked release of TNF-α and IL-1β from circulating monocytes was assessed by ELISA. The effect of norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh) and neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) on α7nAChR expression was detected by real-time PCR. We found that splenectomy or celiac vagotomy abrogated α7nAChR expression in circulating monocytes. LPS-induced release of TNF-α and IL-1β from these monocytes was not alleviated significantly by PNU282987 as compared with that of sham mice. NE and ACh addition fails to stimulate α7nAChR expression, but, NRG-1 treatment can significantly induce α7nAChR expression in these monocytes compared with untreated cells in vitro. Overall, our results reveal that celiac vagus nerve mediates α7nAChR expression in monocytes, and the spleen is indispensable site for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, The Forth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Day Care Unit, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical University of Zunyi, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaotong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, North University of Hebei, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
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43
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Katayama PL, Leirão IP, Kanashiro A, Luiz JPM, Cunha FQ, Navegantes LCC, Menani JV, Zoccal DB, Colombari DSA, Colombari E. The carotid body detects circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha to activate a sympathetic anti-inflammatory reflex. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:370-386. [PMID: 35339628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that the carotid bodies might act as immunological sensors, detecting pro-inflammatory mediators and signalling to the central nervous system, which, in turn, orchestrates autonomic responses. Here, we confirmed that the TNF-α receptor type I is expressed in the carotid bodies of rats. The systemic administration of TNF-α increased carotid body afferent discharge and activated glutamatergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where many pre-sympathetic neurons reside. The activation of these neurons was accompanied by an increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. Carotid body ablation blunted the TNF-α-induced activation of RVLM-projecting NTS neurons and the increase in splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. Finally, plasma and spleen levels of cytokines after TNF-α administration were higher in rats subjected to either carotid body ablation or splanchnic sympathetic denervation. Collectively, our findings indicate that the carotid body detects circulating TNF-α to activate a counteracting sympathetic anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Katayama
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabela P Leirão
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P M Luiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose V Menani
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora S A Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carnevale D. Neuroimmune axis of cardiovascular control: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:379-394. [PMID: 35301456 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) make a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease. Prevention strategies have succeeded in reducing the effect of acute CVD events and deaths, but the long-term consequences of cardiovascular risk factors still represent the major cause of disability and chronic illness, suggesting that some pathophysiological mechanisms might not be adequately targeted by current therapies. Many of the underlying causes of CVD have now been recognized to have immune and inflammatory components. However, inflammation and immune activation were mostly regarded as a consequence of target-organ damage. Only more recent findings have indicated that immune dysregulation can be pathogenic for CVD, identifying a need for novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies. The nervous system, through an array of afferent and efferent arms of the autonomic nervous system, profoundly affects cardiovascular function. Interestingly, the autonomic nervous system also innervates immune organs, and neuroimmune interactions that are biologically relevant to CVD have been discovered, providing the foundation to target neural reflexes as an immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy. This Review summarizes how the neural regulation of immunity and inflammation participates in the onset and progression of CVD and explores promising opportunities for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. .,Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
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45
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Merchant K, Zanos S, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Deutschman CS, Sethna CB. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for the treatment of pediatric nephrotic syndrome: a pilot study. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35078538 PMCID: PMC8790887 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are exposed to immunosuppressant medications with adverse side effects and variable efficacy. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) modulates the immune system via the inflammatory reflex and has become a therapy of interest for treating immune-mediated illnesses. METHODS An open-label, pilot study of tavNS for five minutes daily for 26 weeks via a TENS 7000 unit was conducted. RESULTS Three FRNS participants and 4 SRNS participants had a mean age of 9.5±4.2 years (range 4 to 17). Those with FRNS remained relapse-free during the study period; two participants continued treatment and remained in remission for 15 and 21 months, respectively. Three SRNS participants experienced a reduction in first morning UPC (mean of 42%, range 25-76%). Although UPC decreased (13.7%) in one SRNS participant with congenital nephrotic syndrome, UPC remained in nephrotic range. All but one participant (non-compliant with treatment) experienced a reduction in TNF (7.33pg/mL vs. 5.46pg/mL, p=0.03). No adverse events or side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS taVNS was associated with clinical remission in FRNS and moderately reduced proteinuria in non-congenital SRNS. Further study of taVNS as a treatment for nephrotic syndrome in children is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04169776, Registered November 20, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04169776 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumail Merchant
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, United States, NY
| | - Stavros Zanos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States, NY
| | | | - Clifford S Deutschman
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, United States, NY
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States, NY
| | - Christine B Sethna
- Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, United States, NY.
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States, NY.
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46
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Herrlich A. Interorgan crosstalk mechanisms in disease: the case of acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:620-637. [PMID: 34932216 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis and health of multicellular organisms with multiple organs depends on interorgan communication. Tissue injury in one organ disturbs this homeostasis and can lead to disease in multiple organs, or multiorgan failure. Many routes of interorgan crosstalk during homeostasis are relatively well known, but interorgan crosstalk in disease still lacks understanding. In particular, how tissue injury in one organ can drive injury at remote sites and trigger multiorgan failure with high mortality is poorly understood. As examples, acute kidney injury can trigger acute lung injury and cardiovascular dysfunction; pneumonia, sepsis or liver failure conversely can cause kidney failure; lung transplantation very frequently triggers acute kidney injury. Mechanistically, interorgan crosstalk after tissue injury could involve soluble mediators and their target receptors, cellular mediators, in particular immune cells, as well as newly identified neuro-immune connections. In this review, I will focus the discussion of deleterious interorgan crosstalk and its mechanistic concepts on one example, acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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47
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Murray EC, Nosalski R, MacRitchie N, Tomaszewski M, Maffia P, Harrison DG, Guzik TJ. Therapeutic targeting of inflammation in hypertension: from novel mechanisms to translational perspective. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2589-2609. [PMID: 34698811 PMCID: PMC9825256 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both animal models and human observational and genetic studies have shown that immune and inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in hypertension and its complications. We review the effects of immunomodulatory interventions on blood pressure, target organ damage, and cardiovascular risk in humans. In experimental and small clinical studies, both non-specific immunomodulatory approaches, such as mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate, and medications targeting T and B lymphocytes, such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, everolimus, and rituximab, lower blood pressure and reduce organ damage. Mechanistically targeted immune interventions include isolevuglandin scavengers to prevent neo-antigen formation, co-stimulation blockade (abatacept, belatacept), and anti-cytokine therapies (e.g. secukinumab, tocilizumab, canakinumab, TNF-α inhibitors). In many studies, trial designs have been complicated by a lack of blood pressure-related endpoints, inclusion of largely normotensive study populations, polypharmacy, and established comorbidities. Among a wide range of interventions reviewed, TNF-α inhibitors have provided the most robust evidence of blood pressure lowering. Treatment of periodontitis also appears to deliver non-pharmacological anti-hypertensive effects. Evidence of immunomodulatory drugs influencing hypertension-mediated organ damage are also discussed. The reviewed animal models, observational studies, and trial data in humans, support the therapeutic potential of immune-targeted therapies in blood pressure lowering and in hypertension-mediated organ damage. Targeted studies are now needed to address their effects on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Murray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Department of Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Neil MacRitchie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK,Manchester Heart Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, M13 9WL Manchester, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, UK,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbildt University Medical Centre, Nashville, 37232 TN, USA
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 141 3307590; fax: +44 141 3307590, E-mail:
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48
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Muñoz AI, Vallejo-Castillo L, Fragozo A, Vázquez-Leyva S, Pavón L, Pérez-Sánchez G, Soria-Castro R, Mellado-Sánchez G, Cobos-Marin L, Pérez-Tapia SM. Increased survival in puppies affected by Canine Parvovirus type II using an immunomodulator as a therapeutic aid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19864. [PMID: 34615970 PMCID: PMC8494837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type II (CPV-2) infection induces canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE), which in turn promotes sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Mortality in this disease is usually registered within 48-72 h post-hospitalization, the critical period of the illness. It has been recently described that the use of an immunomodulator, whose major component is monomeric ubiquitin (mUb) without the last two glycine residues (Ub∆GG), in pediatric human patients with sepsis augments survival. It is known that CXCR4 is the cell receptor of extracellular ubiquitin in humans. This work aimed to explore the effect of one immunomodulator (human Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract-hDLE) as a therapeutic auxiliary in puppies with sepsis and SIRS induced by CPE. We studied two groups of puppies with CPV-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The first group received conventional treatment (CT) and vehicle (V), while the second group received CT plus the immunomodulator (I). We assessed both groups' survival, clinical condition, number of erythrocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes during the hospitalization period. In addition, hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma proteins and cortisol values, as well as norepinephrine/epinephrine and serotonin concentration were determined. Puppies treated with CT + I showed 81% survival, mild clinical signs, and a significant decrease in circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes in the critical period of the treatment. In contrast, the CT + V group presented a survival of 42%, severe clinical status, and no improvement of the parameters evaluated in the critical period of the disease. We determined in silico that human Ub∆GG can bind to dog CXCR4. In conclusion, the administration of a human immunomodulator (0.5 mg/day × 5 days) to puppies with CPE under six months of age reduces the severity of clinical signs, increases survival, and modulates inflammatory cell parameters. Further studies are necessary to take full advantage of these clinical findings, which might be mediated by the human Ub∆GG to canine CXCR4 interaction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers
- Dog Diseases/drug therapy
- Dog Diseases/mortality
- Dog Diseases/virology
- Dogs
- Drug Synergism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary
- Parvovirus, Canine/physiology
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Ana Fragozo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México.
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México
| | - Laura Cobos-Marin
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I + D + i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos (LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT), ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, CDMX, México.
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49
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Goggins E, Tanaka S. EXPLORing exosomes for the treatment of acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2021; 100:508-510. [PMID: 34420658 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are emerging as a novel drug delivery system for the treatment of numerous diseases, including acute kidney injury. In this issue of Kidney International, Kim et al. use a novel optogenetically engineered exosome technology, "EXPLOR," to deliver the exosomal repressor of nuclear factor-κB into mice before and after renal ischemia-reperfusion. They report that these exosomes downregulated renal nuclear factor-κB signaling and ameliorated acute kidney injury. This study deserves attention for its significant scientific and potential clinical value in acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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50
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Kuwabara S, Goggins E, Tanaka S. Neuroimmune Circuits Activated by Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Nephron Clin Pract 2021; 146:286-290. [PMID: 34515167 DOI: 10.1159/000518176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system has recently been well-recognized. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) presents potential as an anti-inflammatory therapy through activation of neuroimmune pathways. Detailed understanding of the neuroimmune pathways VNS evokes is critical in order to successfully use it in the clinic for the treatment of acute kidney injury, in which inflammation plays an important role. In this review, we describe recent findings regarding VNS-induced neuroimmune pathways responsible for anti-inflammation and tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kuwabara
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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