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Jiao L, Wang R, Dong Y, Su J, Yu J, Yan M, Chen S, Lv G. The impact of chrysanthemi indici flos-enriched flavonoid part on the model of hyperuricemia based on inhibiting synthesis and promoting excretion of uric acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118488. [PMID: 38925319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In recent years, in addition to hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) has increased considerably. Being the fourth major health risk factor, HUA can affect the kidneys and cardiovascular system. Chrysanthemi Indici Flos is a flavonoid-containing traditional Chinese patent medicine that exhibits a uric acid (UA)-lowering effect. However, the mechanisms underlying Chrysanthemi Indici Flos-enriched flavonoid part (CYM.E) mediated alleviation of HUA remain unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of CYM.E in preventing and treating HUA and its specific effects on UA-related transport proteins, to explore possible mechanism. METHODS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. HUA was induced in mice models using adenine and potassium oxonate. Subsequently, mice were administered 10 mg/kg allopurinol, and 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg CYM.E to evaluate the effects of CYM.E on the of HUA mice model. Herein, plasma uric acid (UA), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) contents, along with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured. Additionally, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in the liver were determined. The histomorphologies of the liver and kidney tissues were examined through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of facilitated glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G2 (ABCG2) in the kidney was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expression of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), GLUT9, OAT1, and OAT3 in the kidney, OAT4, and ABCG2 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS The buddleoside content in CYM.E was approximately 32.77%. CYM.E improved body weight and autonomous activity in HUA mice. Additionally, it reduced plasma UA, BUN, and CR levels and serum ALT and AST activities, thus improving hepatic and renal functions, which further reduced the plasma UA content. CYM.E reduced histopathological damage to the kidneys. Furthermore, it lowered plasma TC, TG, and LDL-c levels, thereby improving lipid metabolism disorder. CYM.E administration inhibited hepatic XOD and ADA activities and reduced the mRNA expression of renal GLUT9. CYM.E inhibited the protein expression of renal URAT1, GLUT9, and OAT4, and increased the mRNA and protein expression of renal OAT1, OAT3, and ABCG2. Altogether, these results show that CYM.E could inhibit the production and promote reabsorption of UA and its excretion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Hyperuricemia/drug therapy
- Hyperuricemia/chemically induced
- Uric Acid/blood
- Male
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/analysis
- Mice
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Flowers/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/genetics
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/genetics
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Allopurinol/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred ICR
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Rou Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Meiqiu Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Chen K, Li T, Diao H, Wang Q, Zhou X, Huang Z, Wang M, Mao Z, Yang Y, Yu W. SIRT7 knockdown promotes gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell via upregulation of GLUT3 expression. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217109. [PMID: 39002692 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine serves as a first-line chemotherapeutic treatment for pancreatic cancer (PC), but it is prone to rapid drug resistance. Increasing the sensitivity of PC to gemcitabine has long been a focus of research. Fasting interventions may augment the effects of chemotherapy and present new options. SIRT7 is known to link metabolism with various cellular processes through post-translational modifications. We found upregulation of SIRT7 in PC cells is associated with poor prognosis and gemcitabine resistance. Cross-analysis of RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data suggested that GLUT3 might be a downstream target gene of SIRT7. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that SIRT7 directly interacts with the enhancer region of GLUT3 to desuccinylate H3K122. Our group's another study revealed that GLUT3 can transport gemcitabine in breast cancer cells. Here, we found GLUT3 KD reduces the sensitivity of PC cells to gemcitabine, and SIRT7 KD-associated gemcitabine-sensitizing could be reversed by GLUT3 KD. While fasting mimicking induced upregulation of SIRT7 expression in PC cells, knocking down SIRT7 enhanced sensitivity to gemcitabine through upregulating GLUT3 expression. We further confirmed the effect of SIRT7 deficiency on the sensitivity of gemcitabine under fasting conditions using a mouse xenograft model. In summary, our study demonstrates that SIRT7 can regulate GLUT3 expression by binding to its enhancer and altering H3K122 succinylation levels, thus affecting gemcitabine sensitivity in PC cells. Additionally, combining SIRT7 knockdown with fasting may improve the efficacy of gemcitabine. This unveils a novel mechanism by which SIRT7 influences gemcitabine sensitivity in PC and offer innovative strategies for clinical combination therapy with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tiane Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Honglin Diao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qikai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zebin Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Qi H, Sun M, Terkeltaub R, Merriman TR, Chen H, Li Z, Ji A, Xue X, Sun W, Wang C, Li X, He Y, Cui L, Dalbeth N, Li C. Hyperuricemia Subtypes Classified According to Renal Uric Acid Handling Manifesting Distinct Phenotypic and Genetic Profiles in People With Gout. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1130-1140. [PMID: 38412854 DOI: 10.1002/art.42838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperuricemia can be stratified into four subtypes according to renal uric acid handling. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the biologic characteristics (including genetic background) of clinically defined hyperuricemia subtypes in two large geographically independent gout cohorts. METHODS Hyperuricemia subtype was defined as renal uric acid overload (ROL), renal uric acid underexcretion (RUE), combined, or renal normal. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified as gout risk loci or associated with serum urate (SU) concentration in the East Asian population were genotyped. Weighted polygenic risk scores were calculated to assess the cumulative effect of genetic risks on the subtypes. RESULTS Of the 4,873 participants, 8.8% had an ROL subtype, 60.9% RUE subtype, 23.1% combined subtype, and 7.2% normal subtype. The ROL subtype was independently associated with older age at onset, lower SU, tophi, and diabetes mellitus; RUE was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and non-diabetes mellitus; the combined subtype was associated with younger age at onset, higher BMI, SU, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and smoking; and the normal subtype was independently associated with older age at onset, lower SU, and eGFR. Thirteen SNPs were associated with gout with 6 shared loci and subtype-dependent risk loci patterns. High polygenic risk scores were associated with ROL subtype (odds ratio [OR] = 9.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.53-15.12), RUE subtype (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.57-3.03), and combined subtype (OR = 6.32, 95% CI 4.22-9.48) compared with low polygenic risk scores. CONCLUSION Hyperuricemia subtypes classified according to renal uric acid handling have subtype-specific clinical and genetic features, suggesting subtype-unique pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingshu Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Tony R Merriman
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, and University of Alabama Birmingham
| | | | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aichang Ji
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomei Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyan Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinde Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Cui
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Changgui Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Diseases and Gout, Qingdao, China
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van der Pol KH, Koenderink J, van den Heuvel JJMW, van den Broek P, Peters J, van Bunningen IDW, Pertijs J, Russel FGM, Koldenhof J, Morshuis WJ, van Drongelen J, Schirris TJJ, van der Meer A, Rongen GA. Effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on uric acid transport and transporter expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305906. [PMID: 38905201 PMCID: PMC11192402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Uric acid induces radical oxygen species formation, endothelial inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction which contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. Febuxostat inhibits BCRP- and allopurinol stimulates MRP4-mediated uric acid efflux in human embryonic kidney cells. We hypothesized that endothelial cells express uric acid transporters that regulate intracellular uric acid concentration and that modulation of these transporters by febuxostat and allopurinol contributes to their different impact on cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to explore a potential difference between the effect of febuxostat and allopurinol on uric acid uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Febuxostat increased intracellular uric acid concentrations compared with control. In contrast, allopurinol did not affect intracellular uric acid concentration. In line with this observation, febuxostat increased mRNA expression of GLUT9 and reduced MRP4 expression, while allopurinol did not affect mRNA expression of these uric acid transporters. These findings provide a possible pathophysiological pathway which could explain the higher cardiovascular mortality for febuxostat compared to allopurinol but should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel H. van der Pol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra van den Broek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janny Peters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imke D. W. van Bunningen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Pertijs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Koldenhof
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Morshuis
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van Drongelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J. J. Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard A. Rongen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Gefen AM, Zaritsky JJ. Review of childhood genetic nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1381174. [PMID: 38606357 PMCID: PMC11007102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1381174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis (NL) is a common condition worldwide. The incidence of NL and nephrocalcinosis (NC) has been increasing, along with their associated morbidity and economic burden. The etiology of NL and NC is multifactorial and includes both environmental components and genetic components, with multiple studies showing high heritability. Causative gene variants have been detected in up to 32% of children with NL and NC. Children with NL and NC are genotypically heterogenous, but often phenotypically relatively homogenous, and there are subsequently little data on the predictors of genetic childhood NL and NC. Most genetic diseases associated with NL and NC are secondary to hypercalciuria, including those secondary to hypercalcemia, renal phosphate wasting, renal magnesium wasting, distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), proximal tubulopathies, mixed or variable tubulopathies, Bartter syndrome, hyperaldosteronism and pseudohyperaldosteronism, and hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. The remaining minority of genetic diseases associated with NL and NC are secondary to hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, hyperuricosuria, xanthinuria, other metabolic disorders, and multifactorial etiologies. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have identified multiple polygenic traits associated with NL and NC, often involving genes that are involved in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D homeostasis. Compared to adults, there is a relative paucity of studies in children with NL and NC. This review aims to focus on the genetic component of NL and NC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Gefen
- Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Ke X, Yang X, Hou C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu T, Yang R. Preliminary study on the material basis and mechanism underlying uric acid reduction by Thlaspi arvense L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:116814. [PMID: 37598767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the Tibetan region of China, Thlaspi arvense L. is utilized for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA). Thlaspi arvense has been shown to lower uric acid levels in HUA rats in preliminary studies. However, the active components and mechanisms that account for its therapeutic effects remain elusive. AIM OF STUDY Network pharmacology, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), mRNA-sequencing, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to investigate the active ingredients of Thlaspi arvense against HUA in rats and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A HUA rat model was established by a combination of intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate and intragastric administration of yeast extract. In the control and model groups, gastric gavage was performed to administer a normal saline solution, 4.5 mg kg-1 benzbromarone in the positive drug group, and 3.5 g kg-1Thlaspi arvense in the Thlaspi arvense group. After which network pharmacology and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were employed to explore the active ingredients underlying the lowering of uric acid in Thlaspi arvense. In addition, mRNA-sequencing, network pharmacology and RT-PCR were applied to uncover Thlaspi arvense's mechanism of uric acid reduction. RESULTS The results showed that a two-week administration of the effective constituents of Thlaspi arvense led to a significant improvement in HUA rats, including lower serum levels of uric acid (UA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), creatinine (CREA), carbamide (UREA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and liver tissue activities of XOD, ADA, super (MDA). A network pharmacological analysis revealed 40 active compounds, including organic acids and flavonoids, that act on HUA therapeutic targets. These targets primarily focus on pathways related to uric acid metabolism modulation, such as XOD, SLC22A12, ABCG2, SLC22A8, and others, reducing HUA. The analysis of mRNA-sequencing as well as RT-PCR data from renal tissue demonstrated that the targets modulating uric acid metabolism were SLC22A8, SLC12A1, and SLC16A7. CONCLUSION In summary, organic acids and flavonoids may be the active components in Thlaspi arvense that alleviate HUA. The principal mechanisms are as follows: inhibition of XOD activity in the serum to reduce uric acid production, regulation of renal reabsorption and secretion of uric acid to increase uric acid excretion, and alleviation of oxidative stress reaction to decrease systemic damage and, eventually, treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Ke
- School of pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Chao Hou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yunhong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400000, PR China
| | - YiFei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Tongxuan Wu
- Tiansheng Pharmaceutical Group CO.,LTD., Chongqing, 408399, PR China
| | - Rongping Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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Wu S, Li C, Li Y, Liu J, Rong C, Pei H, Li X, Zeng X, Mao W. SLC2A9 rs16890979 reduces uric acid absorption by kidney organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1268226. [PMID: 38269090 PMCID: PMC10806012 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The excretion and absorption of uric acid (UA) by the kidneys helps regulate serum UA levels. GLUT9, encoded by SLC2A9, is mainly expressed in the renal tubules responsible for UA absorption. SLC2A9 polymorphisms are associated with different serum UA levels. However, the lack of proper in vitro models has stalled research on the mechanisms of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect UA metabolism in human urate transporters. Methods: In this study, we constructed a gene-edited human embryonic stem cells-9 (ESC-H9) derived kidney organoid bearing rs16890979, an SLC2A9 missense mutation with undetermined associations with hyperuricemia or hypouricemia. Kidney organoids derived from ESC-H9 with genetical overexpression (OE) and low expression (shRNA) of SLC2A9 to serve as controls to study the function of SLC2A9. The function of rs16890979 on UA metabolism was evaluated after placing the organoids to urate-containing medium and following histopathological analysis. Results: The kidney organoids with heterozygous or homozygous rs16890979 mutations showed normal SLC2A9 expression levels and histological distribution, phenotypically similar to the wild-type controls. However, reduced absorption of UA by the kidney organoids with rs16890979 mutants was observed. This finding together with the observation that UA absorption is increased in organoids with SLC2A9 overexpression and decreased in those with SLC2A9 knockdown, suggest that GLUT9 is responsible for UA absorption, and the rs16890979 SNP may compromise this functionality. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was detected in organoids after UA treatment, especially in the kidney organoid carrying GLUT9OE, suggesting the cytobiological mechanism explaining the pathological features in hyperuricosuria-related renal injury. Discussion: This study showing the transitional value of kidney organoid modeling the function of SNPs on UA metabolism. With a defined genetic background and a confirmed UA absorption function should be useful for studies on renal histological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms with this organoid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Lab of Stem Cell Biology and Innovative Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- National Institute for Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Sakaguchi YM, Wiriyasermkul P, Matsubayashi M, Miyasaka M, Sakaguchi N, Sahara Y, Takasato M, Kinugawa K, Sugie K, Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Kuniyasu H, Nagamori S, Mori E. Identification of three distinct cell populations for urate excretion in human kidneys. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:1. [PMID: 38166558 PMCID: PMC10763458 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In humans, uric acid is an end-product of purine metabolism. Urate excretion from the human kidney is tightly regulated by reabsorption and secretion. At least eleven genes have been identified as human renal urate transporters. However, it remains unclear whether all renal tubular cells express the same set of urate transporters. Here, we show renal tubular cells are divided into three distinct cell populations for urate handling. Analysis of healthy human kidneys at single-cell resolution revealed that not all tubular cells expressed the same set of urate transporters. Only 32% of tubular cells were related to both reabsorption and secretion, while the remaining tubular cells were related to either reabsorption or secretion at 5% and 63%, respectively. These results provide physiological insight into the molecular function of the transporters and renal urate handling on single-cell units. Our findings suggest that three different cell populations cooperate to regulate urate excretion from the human kidney, and our proposed framework is a step forward in broadening the view from the molecular to the cellular level of transport capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko M Sakaguchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pattama Wiriyasermkul
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsubayashi
- Biological Research Department, Research Institute, Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyasaka
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nau Sakaguchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sahara
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kinugawa
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eriguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Center for SI Medical Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Collaborative Research for Bio-Molecular Dynamics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
- V-iCliniX Laboratory, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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9
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Ichida K. [Uric Acid Metabolism, Uric Acid Transporters and Dysuricemia]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:659-674. [PMID: 38825475 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Serum urate levels are determined by the balance between uric acid production and uric acid excretion capacity from the kidneys and intestinal tract. Dysuricemia, including hyperuricemia and hypouricemia, develops when the balance shifts towards an increase or a decrease in the uric acid pool. Hyperuricemia is mostly a multifactorial genetic disorder involving several disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Hypouricemia, on the other hand, is caused by genetic abnormalities. The main genes involved in dysuricemia are xanthine oxidoreductase, an enzyme that produces uric acid, and the urate transporters urate transporter 1/solute carrier family 22 member 12 (URAT1/SLC22A12), glucose transporter 9/solute carrier family 2 member 9 (GLUT9/SLC2A9) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). Deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase results in xanthinuria, a rare disease with marked hypouricemia. Xanthinuria can be due to a single deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase or in combination with aldehyde oxidase deficiency as well. The latter is caused by a deficiency in molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, which is responsible for adding sulphur atoms to the molybdenum cofactor required for xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase to exert their action. URAT1/SLC22A12 and GLUT9/SLC2A9 are involved in urate reabsorption and their deficiency leads to renal hypouricemia, a condition that is common in Japanese due to URAT1/SLC22A12 deficiency. On the other hand, ABCG2 is involved in the secretion of urate, and many Japanese have single nucleotide polymorphisms that result in its reduced function, leading to hyperuricemia. In particular, severe dysfunction of ABCG2 leads to hyperuricemia with reduced extrarenal excretion.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Hyperuricemia/etiology
- Hyperuricemia/metabolism
- Hyperuricemia/genetics
- Uric Acid/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Xanthine Dehydrogenase/deficiency
- Animals
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/etiology
- Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Urinary Calculi/etiology
- Urinary Calculi/metabolism
- Urinary Calculi/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, The Jikei University School of Medicine
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10
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Ueda M, Fukui K, Kamatani N, Kamitsuji S, Matsuo A, Sasase T, Nishiu J, Matsushita M. GLUT9 as a potential drug target for chronic kidney disease: Drug target validation by a Mendelian randomization study. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:699-704. [PMID: 37308567 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as a major public health concern, effective treatment strategies have yet to be developed. Identification and validation of drug targets are key issues in the development of therapeutic agents for CKD. Uric acid (UA), a major risk factor for gout, has also been suggested to be a risk factor for CKD, but the efficacy of existing urate-lowering therapies for CKD is controversial. We focused on five uric acid transporters (ABCG2, SLC17A1, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC2A9) as potential drug targets and evaluated the causal association between serum UA levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using single-SNP Mendelian Randomization. The results showed a causal association between genetically predicted changes in serum UA levels and eGFR when genetic variants were selected from the SLC2A9 locus. Estimation based on a loss-of-function mutation (rs16890979) showed that the changes in eGFR per unit increase in serum UA level was -0.0082 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI -0.014 to -0.0025, P = 0.0051). These results indicate that SLC2A9 may be a novel drug target for CKD that preserves renal function through its urate-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ueda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Matsuo
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nishiu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
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11
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Perdomo-Ramírez A, Ramos-Trujillo E, Claverie-Martín F. New SLC22A12 (URAT1) Variant Associated with Renal Hypouricemia Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis and Bioinformatics Predictions. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1823. [PMID: 37761963 PMCID: PMC10530539 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SLC22A12 (RHUC type 1) or SLC2A9 (RHUC type 2) genes, encoding urate transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively, that reabsorb urate in the renal proximal tubule. The characteristics of this disorder are low serum urate levels, high renal fractional excretion of urate, and occasional severe complications such as nephrolithiasis and exercise-induced acute renal failure. In this study, we report two Spanish (Caucasian) siblings and a Pakistani boy with clinical characteristics compatible with RHUC. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis identified two homozygous variants: a novel pathogenic SLC22A12 variant, c.1523G>A; p.(S508N), in the two Caucasian siblings and a previously reported SLC2A9 variant, c.646G>A; p.(G216R), in the Pakistani boy. Our findings suggest that these two mutations cause RHUC through loss of urate reabsorption and extend the SLC22A12 mutation spectrum. In addition, this work further emphasizes the importance of WES analysis in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perdomo-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.P.-R.); (E.R.-T.)
| | - Elena Ramos-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.P.-R.); (E.R.-T.)
- Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Sección Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Félix Claverie-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.P.-R.); (E.R.-T.)
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12
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Fernando PMS, Gunasekara RASR, Schröder S, Beetz C, Jayawardena A, Jasinge EA. Autosomal Recessive Renal Hypouricemia Type 2 Presenting with Childhood Stroke in a Sri Lankan Child. Lab Med 2023; 54:543-545. [PMID: 36857484 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Mihika S Fernando
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Anura Jayawardena
- Paediatric Unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Eresha A Jasinge
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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13
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Kannuthurai V, Gaffo A. Management of Patients with Gout and Kidney Disease: A Review of Available Therapies and Common Missteps. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:e1332-e1340. [PMID: 37526648 PMCID: PMC10550007 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis, is characterized by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in articular and periarticular tissues. Repeated flares of gout cause joint damage as well as significant health care utilization and decreased quality of life. Patients with CKD have a higher prevalence of gout. Treating Patients with CKD and gout is challenging because of the lack of quality data to guide management in this specific population. This often leads to suboptimal treatment of patients with gout and impaired renal function because concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of available gout therapies in this population often result in significant interphysician variability in treatment regimens and dosages. Acute gout flares are treated with various agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, glucocorticoids, and-more recently-IL-1 inhibitors. These medications can also be used as prophylaxis if urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is initiated. While these drugs can be used in patients with gout and CKD, there are often factors that complicate treatment, such as the numerous medication interactions involving colchicine and the effect of glucocorticoids on common comorbidities, such as diabetes and hypertension. ULT is recommended to treat recurrent flares, tophaceous deposits, and patients with moderate-to-severe CKD with a serum urate goal of <6 mg/dl recommended to prevent flares. While many misconceptions exist around the risks of using urate-lowering agents in patients with CKD, there is some evidence that these medications can be used safely in Patients with renal impairment. Additional questions exist as to whether gout treatment is indicated for Patients on RRT. Furthermore, there are conflicting data on whether ULT can affect renal function and cardiovascular disease in patients. All of these factors contribute to the unique challenges physicians face when treating patients with gout and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kannuthurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Angelo Gaffo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Lee H, Kang D, Lee H, Yim J, Kim M, Park CW. Renal hypouricemia as the cause of exercise-induced acute kidney injury. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:534-537. [PMID: 37448289 PMCID: PMC10407641 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisook Yim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Perdomo-Ramirez A, Cordoba-Lanus E, Trujillo-Frias CJ, Gonzalez-Navasa C, Ramos-Trujillo E, Luis-Yanes MI, Garcia-Nieto V, Claverie-Martin F. Pathogenic Variants of SLC22A12 (URAT1) and SLC2A9 (GLUT9) in Spanish Patients with Renal Hypouricemia: Founder Effect of SLC2A9 Variant c.374C>T; p.(T125M). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098455. [PMID: 37176161 PMCID: PMC10179447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule resulting in low urate serum levels and increased urate excretion. Some patients may present severe complications such as exercise-induced acute renal failure and nephrolithiasis. RHUC is caused by inactivating mutations in the SLC22A12 (RHUC type 1) or SLC2A9 (RHUC type 2) genes, which encode urate transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively. In this study, our goal was to identify mutations associated with twenty-one new cases with RHUC through direct sequencing of SLC22A12 and SLC2A9 coding exons. Additionally, we carried out an SNPs-haplotype analysis to determine whether the rare SLC2A9 variant c.374C>T; p.(T125M), which is recurrent in Spanish families with RHUC type 2, had a common-linked haplotype. Six intragenic informative SNPs were analyzed using PCR amplification from genomic DNA and direct sequencing. Our results showed that ten patients carried the SLC22A12 mutation c.1400C>T; p.(T467M), ten presented the SLC2A9 mutation c.374C>T, and one carried a new SLC2A9 heterozygous mutation, c.593G>A; p.(R198H). Patients carrying the SLC2A9 mutation c.374C>T share a common-linked haplotype, confirming that it emerged due to a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perdomo-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cordoba-Lanus
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Publica de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, 38296 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Jane Trujillo-Frias
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Navasa
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Seccion Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Fisica y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Seccion Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Fisica y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Luis-Yanes
- Unidad de Nefrologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victor Garcia-Nieto
- Unidad de Nefrologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Felix Claverie-Martin
- Unidad de Investigacion, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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16
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Miake J, Hisatome I, Tomita K, Isoyama T, Sugihara S, Kuwabara M, Ogino K, Ninomiya H. Impact of Hyper- and Hypo-Uricemia on Kidney Function. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051258. [PMID: 37238929 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) forms monosodium urate (MSU) crystals to exert proinflammatory actions, thus causing gout arthritis, urolithiasis, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. UA is also one of the most potent antioxidants that suppresses oxidative stress. Hyper andhypouricemia are caused by genetic mutations or polymorphism. Hyperuricemia increases urinary UA concentration and is frequently associated with urolithiasis, which is augmented by low urinary pH. Renal hypouricemia (RHU) is associated with renal stones by increased level of urinary UA, which correlates with the impaired tubular reabsorption of UA. Hyperuricemia causes gout nephropathy, characterized by renal interstitium and tubular damage because MSU precipitates in the tubules. RHU is also frequently associated with tubular damage with elevated urinary beta2-microglobulin due to increased urinary UA concentration, which is related to impaired tubular UA reabsorption through URAT1. Hyperuricemia could induce renal arteriopathy and reduce renal blood flow, while increasing urinary albumin excretion, which is correlated with plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity. RHU is associated with exercise-induced kidney injury, since low levels of SUA could induce the vasoconstriction of the kidney and the enhanced urinary UA excretion could form intratubular precipitation. A U-shaped association of SUA with organ damage is observed in patients with kidney diseases related to impaired endothelial function. Under hyperuricemia, intracellular UA, MSU crystals, and XOR could reduce NO and activate several proinflammatory signals, impairing endothelial functions. Under hypouricemia, the genetic and pharmacological depletion of UA could impair the NO-dependent and independent endothelial functions, suggesting that RHU and secondary hypouricemia might be a risk factor for the loss of kidney functions. In order to protect kidney functions in hyperuricemic patients, the use of urate lowering agents could be recommended to target SUA below 6 mg/dL. In order to protect the kidney functions in RHU patients, hydration and urinary alkalization may be recommended, and in some cases an XOR inhibitor might be recommended in order to reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Miake
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Cardiology, Yonago Medical Center, Tottori 683-0006, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Yonago Medical Center, Tottori 683-0006, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Isoyama
- Department of Urology, Yonago Medical Center, Tottori 683-0006, Japan
| | - Shinobu Sugihara
- Health Service Center, Shimane University, Matsue 690-0823, Japan
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ogino
- Department of Cardiology, Tottori Red Cross Hospital, Tottori 680-0017, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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17
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Chamarthy S, Mekala JR. Functional importance of glucose transporters and chromatin epigenetic factors in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): possible therapeutics. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1441-1469. [PMID: 37093461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer affecting glial cells and is chemo- and radio-resistant. Glucose is considered the most vital energy source for cancer cell proliferation. During metabolism, hexose molecules will be transported into the cells via transmembrane proteins known as glucose transporter (GLUT). Among them, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 play pivotal roles in glucose transport in GBM. Knockdown studies have established the role of GLUT-1, and GLUT-3 mediated glucose transport in GBM cells, providing insight into GLUT-mediated cancer signaling and cancer aggressiveness. This review focussed on the vital role of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 proteins, which regulate glucose transport. Recent studies have identified the role of GLUT inhibitors in effective cancer prevention. Several of them are in clinical trials. Understanding and functional approaches towards glucose-mediated cell metabolism and chromatin epigenetics will provide valuable insights into the mechanism of cancer aggressiveness, cancer stemness, and chemo-resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). This review summarizes the role of GLUT inhibitors, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that aid in inhibiting glucose uptake by the GBM cells and other cancer cells leading to the identification of potential therapeutic, prognostic as well as diagnostic markers. Furthermore, the involvement of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, in regulating glycolytic genes was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
| | - Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India.
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18
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Hishe HZ, Stocker SL, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Merriman TR, Phipps-Green A, Wright DFB. The impact of genetic variability in urate transporters on oxypurinol pharmacokinetics. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:422-428. [PMID: 36398357 PMCID: PMC10014700 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic determinants of the allopurinol dose-concentration relationship have not been extensively studied. We aimed to clarify what factors, including genetic variation in urate transporters, influence oxypurinol pharmacokinetics (PKs). A population PK model for oxypurinol was developed with NONMEM (version 7.3). The influence of urate transporter genetic variants for ABCG2 (rs2231142 and rs10011796), SLC2A9/GLUT9 (rs11942223), SLC17A1/NPT1 (rs1183201), SLC22A12/URAT1 (rs3825018), SLC22A11/OAT4 (rs17300741), and ABCC4/MRP4 (rs4148500), as well as other participant factors on oxypurinol PKs was assessed. Data from 325 people with gout were available. The presence of the T allele for ABCG2 (rs2231142) and SLC17A1/NPT1 (rs1183201) was associated with a 24% and 22% increase in oxypurinol clearance, respectively, in univariate analysis. This effect was not significant in the multivariate analysis. In the final model, oxypurinol PKs were predicted by creatinine clearance, diuretic use, ethnicity, and body weight. We have found that genetic variability in the transporters examined does not appear to influence oxypurinol PKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Z Hishe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Sophie L Stocker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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19
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Cachau R, Shahsavari S, Cho SK. The in-silico evaluation of important GLUT9 residue for uric acid transport based on renal hypouricemia type 2. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110378. [PMID: 36736875 PMCID: PMC10596759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Uric acid transporters in the renal proximal tubule plays a key role in uric acid transport. Functional abnormalities in these transporters could lead to high or low levels of uric acid in the blood plasma, known as hyperuricemia and hypouricemia, respectively. GLUT9 has been reported as a key transporter for uric acid reuptake in renal proximal tubule. GLUT9 mutation is known as causal gene for renal hypouricemia due to defective uric acid uptake, with more severe cases resulting in urolithiasis and exercise induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI). However, the effect of mutation is not fully investigated and hard to predict the change of binding affinity. We comprehensively described the effect of GLUT9 mutation for uric acid transport using molecular dynamics and investigated the specific site for uric acid binding differences. R171C and R380W showed the significant disruption of the structure not affecting transport dynamics whereas L75R, G216R, N333S, and P412R showed the reduced affinity of the extracellular vestibular area towards urate. Interestingly, T125 M showed a significant increase in intracellular binding energy, associated with distorted geometries. We can use this classification to consider the effect mutations by comparing the transport profiles of mutants against those of chemical candidates for transport and providing new perspectives to urate lowering drug discovery using GLUT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Cachau
- Integrated Data Science Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sung Kweon Cho
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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20
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Mandal AK, Leask MP, Sumpter NA, Choi HK, Merriman TR, Mount DB. Genetic and Physiological Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) on Human Urate Homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:451-466. [PMID: 36735516 PMCID: PMC10103387 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hyperinsulinemia induces hyperuricemia by activating net renal urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. The basolateral reabsorptive urate transporter GLUT9a appears to be the dominant target for insulin. By contrast, IGF-1 infusion reduces serum urate (SU), through mechanisms unknown. Genetic variants of IGF1R associated with reduced SU have increased IGF-1R expression and interact with genes encoding the GLUT9 and ABCG2 urate transporters, in a sex-specific fashion, which controls the SU level. Activation of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in Xenopus oocytes modestly activates GLUT9a and inhibits insulin's stimulatory effect on the transporter, which also activates multiple secretory urate transporters-ABCG2, ABCC4, OAT1, and OAT3. The results collectively suggest that IGF-1 reduces SU by activating secretory urate transporters and inhibiting insulin's action on GLUT9a. BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia are associated with hyperuricemia. Insulin infusion in healthy volunteers elevates serum urate (SU) by activating net urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, whereas IGF-1 infusion reduces SU by mechanisms unknown. Variation within the IGF1R gene also affects SU levels. METHODS Colocalization analyses of a SU genome-wide association studies signal at IGF1R and expression quantitative trait loci signals in cis using COLOC2, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and urate transport assays in transfected HEK 293T cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes. RESULTS Genetic association at IGF1R with SU is stronger in women and is mediated by control of IGF1R expression. Inheritance of the urate-lowering homozygous genotype at the SLC2A9 locus is associated with a differential effect of IGF1R genotype between men and women. IGF-1, through IGF-1R, stimulated urate uptake in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and transfected HEK 293T cells, through activation of IRS1, PI3/Akt, MEK/ERK, and p38 MAPK; urate uptake was inhibited in the presence of uricosuric drugs, specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, PI3 kinase (PI3K), ERK, and p38 MAPK. In X. laevis oocytes expressing ten individual urate transporters, IGF-1 through endogenous IGF-1R stimulated urate transport mediated by GLUT9, OAT1, OAT3, ABCG2, and ABCC4 and inhibited insulin's stimulatory action on GLUT9a and OAT3. IGF-1 significantly activated Akt and ERK. Specific inhibitors of PI3K, ERK, and PKC significantly affected IGF-1 stimulation of urate transport in oocytes. CONCLUSIONS The combined results of infusion, genetics, and transport experiments suggest that IGF-1 reduces SU by activating urate secretory transporters and inhibiting insulin's action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Mandal
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan P. Leask
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nicholas A. Sumpter
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hyon K. Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David B. Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Renal Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Niu Y, Li Q, Tu C, Li N, Gao L, Lin H, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Li L. Hypouricemic Actions of the Pericarp of Mangosteen in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:24-33. [PMID: 36634312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the result of overproduction and/or underexcretion of uric acid, and it is a well-known risk factor for gout, hypertension, and diabetes. However, available drugs for hyperuricemia in the clinic are limited. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted in order to discover new uric acid-lowering agents from plants and foods. We found that the extracts from the pericarp of mangosteen reduced urate. Bioactivity-guided study showed that α-mangostin was the principal constituent. Herein, we reported for the first time the hypouricemic activities and underling mechanism of α-mangostin. The α-mangostin dose- and time-dependently decreased the levels of serum urate in hyperuricemic mice and markedly increased the clearance of urate in hyperuricemic rats, exhibiting a promotion of urate excretion in the kidney. Further evidence showed that α-mangostin significantly decreased the protein levels of GLUT9 in the kidneys. The change in the expression of URAT1 was not observed. Moreover, α-mangostin did not inhibit the activities of xanthine oxidoreductase and uricase in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that α-mangostin has potential to be developed as a new anti-hyperuricemic agent with promoting uric acid excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Niu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Na Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lihui Gao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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22
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Toyoda Y, Cho SK, Tasic V, Pavelcová K, Bohatá J, Suzuki H, David VA, Yoon J, Pallaiova A, Šaligová J, Nousome D, Cachau R, Winkler CA, Takada T, Stibůrková B. Identification of a dysfunctional exon-skipping splice variant in GLUT9/ SLC2A9 causal for renal hypouricemia type 2. Front Genet 2023; 13:1048330. [PMID: 36733941 PMCID: PMC9887137 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia (RHUC) is a pathological condition characterized by extremely low serum urate and overexcretion of urate in the kidney; this inheritable disorder is classified into type 1 and type 2 based on causative genes encoding physiologically-important urate transporters, URAT1 and GLUT9, respectively; however, research on RHUC type 2 is still behind type 1. We herein describe a typical familial case of RHUC type 2 found in a Slovak family with severe hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria. Via clinico-genetic analyses including whole exome sequencing and in vitro functional assays, we identified an intronic GLUT9 variant, c.1419+1G>A, as the causal mutation that could lead the expression of p.Gly431GlufsTer28, a functionally-null variant resulting from exon 11 skipping. The causal relationship was also confirmed in another unrelated Macedonian family with mild hypouricemia. Accordingly, non-coding regions should be also kept in mind during genetic diagnosis for hypouricemia. Our findings provide a better pathogenic understanding of RHUC and pathophysiological importance of GLUT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoda
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung Kweon Cho
- Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor A. David
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Jana Šaligová
- Metabolic Clinic, Children’s Faculty Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Darryl Nousome
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Raul Cachau
- Integrated Data Science Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Blanka Stibůrková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czechia,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Blanka Stibůrková,
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23
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Park JW, Noh JH, Kim JM, Lee HY, Kim KA, Park JY. Gene Dose-Dependent and Additive Effects of ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs3733591 Genetic Polymorphisms on Serum Uric Acid Levels. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121192. [PMID: 36557230 PMCID: PMC9781553 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and solute carrier family 2 member 9 (SLC2A9) affect individual blood uric acid levels using pyrosequencing. ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs72552713, rs2231137), SLC2A9 (rs3734553, rs3733591, rs16890979), and individual uric acid levels were prospectively analyzed in 250 healthy young Korean male participants. Prominent differences in uric acid levels of the alleles were observed in the SLC2A9 rs3733591 polymorphism: wild-type (AA) vs. heterozygote (AG), 0.7 mg/dL (p < 0.0001); AA vs. mutant type (GG), 1.32 mg/dL (p < 0.0001); and AG vs. GG, 0.62 mg/dL (p < 0.01). In ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the statistically significant differences in uric acid levels were only found in rs2231142 between CC vs. AA (1.06 mg/dL; p < 0.001), and CC vs. CA (0.59 mg/dL; p < 0.01). Serum uric acid levels based on the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 diplotype groups were also compared. The uric acid levels were the lowest in the CC/AA diplotype and highest in the AA/AG diplotype. In addition, the SNP SLC2A9 rs3733591 tended to increase the uric acid levels when the ABCG2 rs2231142 haplotypes were fixed. In conclusion, both the ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs3733591 polymorphisms may additively elevate blood uric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ji-Hyeon Noh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-920-6288
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24
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Yang B, Xin M, Liang S, Xu X, Cai T, Dong L, Wang C, Wang M, Cui Y, Song X, Sun J, Sun W. New insight into the management of renal excretion and hyperuricemia: Potential therapeutic strategies with natural bioactive compounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026246. [PMID: 36483739 PMCID: PMC9723165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the result of increased production and/or underexcretion of uric acid. Hyperuricemia has been epidemiologically associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, gout with long-term systemic inflammation, chronic kidney disease, urolithiasis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia, diabetes/insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress. Dysregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), the enzyme that catalyzes uric acid biosynthesis primarily in the liver, and urate transporters that reabsorb urate in the renal proximal tubules (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4 and OAT10) and secrete urate (ABCG2, OAT1, OAT3, NPT1, and NPT4) in the renal tubules and intestine, is a major cause of hyperuricemia, along with variations in the genes encoding these proteins. The first-line therapeutic drugs used to lower serum uric acid levels include XOD inhibitors that limit uric acid biosynthesis and uricosurics that decrease urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules and increase urate excretion into the urine and intestine via urate transporters. However, long-term use of high doses of these drugs induces acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease and liver toxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new nephroprotective drugs with improved safety profiles and tolerance. The current systematic review summarizes the characteristics of major urate transporters, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, and the regulation of uric acid biosynthesis and transport. Most importantly, this review highlights the potential mechanisms of action of some naturally occurring bioactive compounds with antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective potential isolated from various medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
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25
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Hyperuricemia during Pregnancy Leads to a Preeclampsia-Like Phenotype in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223703. [PMID: 36429132 PMCID: PMC9688737 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common feature in pregnancies compromised by pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elevated uric acid serum levels during pregnancy on maternal blood pressure and neonatal outcome using two different murine knockout models. Non-pregnant liver-specific GLUT9 knockout (LG9KO) mice showed elevated uric acid serum concentrations but no hypertensive blood pressure levels. During pregnancy, however, blood pressure levels of these animals increased in the second and third trimester, and circadian blood pressure dipping was severely altered when compared to non-pregnant LG9KO mice. The impact of hyperuricemia on fetal development was investigated using a systemic GLUT9 knockout (G9KO) mouse model. Fetal hyperuricemia caused distinctive renal tissue injuries and, subsequently an impaired neonatal growth pattern. These findings provide strong evidence that hyperuricemia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia. These novel insights may enable the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for hyperuricemia-related diseases.
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26
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Ogura J. [Association of Abnormal Disulfide Bond Formation with Disease Development and Progression]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1055-1060. [PMID: 36184439 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bridges in proteins play a vital role in the stability of the final protein structure, the disruption of disulfide bridges in proteins may lead to disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression can be useful for developing novel drugs for various diseases. Considering that disulfide-linked protein folding involves redox reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum, this process may be affected by oxidative stress. We hypothesized that oxidative stress-related diseases may be induced by abnormal protein disulfide bond formation. This review introduces the association of abnormal protein disulfide bond formation with disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Ogura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata University.,Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital
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27
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Nagae A, Ebisawa S, Saigusa T, Nishikawa K, Fujimori K, Yui H, Maruyama S, Nakamura C, Kashiwagi D, Kobayashi H, Sakai T, Senda K, Kato T, Miura T, Okada A, Motoki H, Kuwahara K. The Impact of Hyperuricemia on Patients With Low Body Mass Index After Endovascular Treatments: Data From the I-PAD Registry. Angiology 2022; 73:753-763. [PMID: 35077237 PMCID: PMC9485156 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211072344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the prognostic effects of hyperuricemia and high or low body mass index (BMI) in peripheral artery disease (PAD) after endovascular therapy (EVT). Between July 2015-2016, 357 consecutive patients with PAD who underwent EVT were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups: BMI < 25 kg/m2 (low BMI) and ≥ 25 kg/m2 (high BMI); they were also divided into 2 more groups based on the presence/absence of hyperuricemia. The primary and secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular and limb events (MACLE), and all-cause death at 3 years post-EVT. Patients with hyperuricemia had significantly lower freedom from MACLE than patients without hyperuricemia at 3 years (57.0 vs 71.9%, p = .0068). The overall survival of patients with hyperuricemia was significantly lower than that of patients without hyperuricemia (63.9 vs 81.7%, p = .0012). Patients with hyperuricemia who had low BMI experienced significantly lower freedom from MACLE than those without hyperuricemia who had low BMI (48.2 vs 69.9%, p = .002). The overall survival of patients with hyperuricemia who had low BMI was significantly lower than that of patients without hyperuricemia who had low BMI (55.2 vs 77.1%, p = .003). Patients with hyperuricemia had significantly more MACLE and a lower survival at 3 years than patients without hyperuricemia, even if they had a low BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Nagae
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ebisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan,Soichiro Ebisawa, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto City, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Saigusa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ken Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koki Fujimori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shusaku Maruyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chie Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kashiwagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Senda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tamon Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayako Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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28
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Genetic Basis of the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Significance of Renal Hypouricemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071696. [PMID: 35885001 PMCID: PMC9313227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic defect in urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is the major cause of renal hypouricemia (RHUC). Although RHUC is detected using a serum uric acid (UA) concentration <2.0 mg/dL, the relationship between the genetic state of URAT1 and serum UA concentration is not clear. Homozygosity and compound heterozygosity with respect to mutant URAT1 alleles are associated with a serum UA concentration of <1.0 mg/dL and are present at a prevalence of ~0.1% in Japan. In heterozygous individuals, the prevalence of a serum UA of 1.1−2.0 mg/dL is much higher in women than in men. The frequency of mutant URAT1 alleles is as high as 3% in the general Japanese population. The expansion of a specific mutant URAT1 allele derived from a single mutant gene that occurred in ancient times is reflected in modern Japan at a high frequency. Similar findings were reported in Roma populations in Europe. These phenomena are thought to reflect the ancient migration history of each ethnic group (founder effects). Exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EI-AKI) is mostly observed in individuals with homozygous/compound heterozygous URAT1 mutation, and laboratory experiments suggested that a high UA load on the renal tubules is a plausible mechanism for EI-AKI.
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29
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Zhang YK, Chen JS, Wang MM, Wang CZ, Wang MX, Wang Z, Yang QL, Sun B, Sun JY, Liu YF, Liu C. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel nuciferine derivatives with antihyperuricemia and nephroprotective effects. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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30
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García-Nieto VM, Claverie-Martín F, Moraleda-Mesa T, Perdomo-Ramírez A, Tejera-Carreño P, Cordoba-Lanus E, Luis-Yanes MI, Ramos-Trujillo E. Gout associated with reduced renal excretion of uric acid. Renal tubular disorder that nephrologists do not treat. Nefrologia 2022; 42:273-279. [PMID: 36210617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is recurrent inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints. The risk factors that predispose to suffering from gout include non-modifiable factors such as gender, age, ethnicity and genetics, and modifiable factors such as diet and lifestyle. It has been shown that the heritability of uric acid levels in the blood is greater than 30%, which indicates that genetics play a key role in these levels. Hyperuricaemia is often a consequence of reduced renal urate excretion since more than 70% is excreted by the kidneys, mainly through the proximal tubule. The mechanisms that explain that hyperuricaemia associated with reduced renal urate excretion is, to a large extent, a proximal renal tubular disorder, have begun to be understood following the identification of two genes that encode the URAT1 and GLUT9 transporters. When they are carriers of loss-of-function mutations, they explain the two known variants of renal tubular hypouricaemia. Some polymorphisms in these genes may have an opposite gain-of-function effect, with a consequent increase in urate reabsorption. Conversely, loss-of-function polymorphisms in other genes that encode transporters involved in urate excretion (ABCG2, ABCC4) can lead to hyperuricaemia. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods have made it possible to locate new gout-related loci associated with reduced renal urate excretion (NIPAL1, FAM35A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M García-Nieto
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Félix Claverie-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa Moraleda-Mesa
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Perdomo-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Patricia Tejera-Carreño
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cordoba-Lanus
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María I Luis-Yanes
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Elena Ramos-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Kanbay M, Xhaard C, Le Floch E, Dandine-Roulland C, Girerd N, Ferreira JP, Boivin JM, Wagner S, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Zannad F, Rossignol P. Weak Association Between Genetic Markers of Hyperuricemia and Cardiorenal Outcomes: Insights From the STANISLAS Study Cohort With a 20-Year Follow-Up. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023301. [PMID: 35470676 PMCID: PMC9238600 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes, although it is uncertain whether this relationship is causal in nature. This study aimed to: (1) assess the heritability of serum uric acid (SUA) levels, (2) conduct a genome‐wide association study on SUA levels, and (3) investigate the association between certain single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and target organ damage. Methods and Results The STANISLAS (Suivi Temporaire Annuel Non‐Invasif de la Santé des Lorrains Assurés Sociaux) study cohort is a single‐center longitudinal cohort recruited between 1993 and 1995 (visit 1), with a last visit (visit 4 [V4]) performed ≈20 years apart. Serum lipid profile, SUA, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave velocity, and genotyping for each participant were assessed at V4. A total of 1573 participants were included at V4, among whom 1417 had available SUA data at visit 1. Genome‐wide association study results highlighted multiple single‐nucleotide polymorphisms on the SLC2A9 gene linked to SUA levels. Carriers of the most associated mutated SLC2A9 allele (rs16890979) had significantly lower SUA levels. Although SUA level at V4 was highly associated with diabetes, prediabetes, higher body mass index, CRP (C‐reactive protein) levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate variation (visit 1–V4), carotid intima‐media thickness, and pulse wave velocity, rs16890979 was only associated with higher carotid intima‐media thickness. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that rs16890979, a genetic determinant of SUA levels located on the SLC2A9 gene, is associated with carotid intima‐media thickness despite significant associations between SUA levels and several clinical outcomes, thereby lending support to the hypothesis of a link between SUA and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Koc University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey
| | - Constance Xhaard
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine Institut François JacobCEAUniversité Paris-Saclay Evry France
| | - Claire Dandine-Roulland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine Institut François JacobCEAUniversité Paris-Saclay Evry France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine Institut François JacobCEAUniversité Paris-Saclay Evry France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine Institut François JacobCEAUniversité Paris-Saclay Evry France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de LorraineINSERM CIC-P 1433CHRU de NancyINSERM U1116F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) Nancy France
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32
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Burch KS, Hou K, Ding Y, Wang Y, Gazal S, Shi H, Pasaniuc B. Partitioning gene-level contributions to complex-trait heritability by allele frequency identifies disease-relevant genes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:692-709. [PMID: 35271803 PMCID: PMC9069080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent works have shown that SNP heritability-which is dominated by low-effect common variants-may not be the most relevant quantity for localizing high-effect/critical disease genes. Here, we introduce methods to estimate the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by a given assignment of SNPs to a single gene ("gene-level heritability"). We partition gene-level heritability by minor allele frequency (MAF) to find genes whose gene-level heritability is explained exclusively by "low-frequency/rare" variants (0.5% ≤ MAF < 1%). Applying our method to ∼16K protein-coding genes and 25 quantitative traits in the UK Biobank (N = 290K "White British"), we find that, on average across traits, ∼2.5% of nonzero-heritability genes have a rare-variant component and only ∼0.8% (327 gene-trait pairs) have heritability exclusively from rare variants. Of these 327 gene-trait pairs, 114 (35%) were not detected by existing gene-level association testing methods. The additional genes we identify are significantly enriched for known disease genes, and we find several examples of genes that have been previously implicated in phenotypically related Mendelian disorders. Notably, the rare-variant component of gene-level heritability exhibits trends different from those of common-variant gene-level heritability. For example, while total gene-level heritability increases with gene length, the rare-variant component is significantly larger among shorter genes; the cumulative distributions of gene-level heritability also vary across traits and reveal differences in the relative contributions of rare/common variants to overall gene-level polygenicity. While nonzero gene-level heritability does not imply causality, if interpreted in the correct context, gene-level heritability can reveal useful insights into complex-trait genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Burch
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kangcheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Suijk D, van Baar M, van Bommel E, Iqbal Z, Krebber M, Vallon V, Touw D, Hoorn E, Nieuwdorp M, Kramer M, Joles J, Bjornstad P, van Raalte D. SGLT2 Inhibition and Uric Acid Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normal Kidney Function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:663-671. [PMID: 35322793 PMCID: PMC9269569 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11480821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2)-inhibitor-induced uric acid lowering may contribute to kidney protective effects of the drug-class in people with type 2 diabetes. This study investigates mechanisms of plasma uric acid lowering by SGLT2-inhibitors in people with type 2 diabetes with a focus on urate transporter (URAT)1. Methods: We conducted an analysis of two randomized, clinical trials. First, in the Renoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes (RED) study, 44 people with type 2 diabetes were randomized to dapagliflozin or gliclazide for 12 weeks. Plasma uric acid, fractional uric acid excretion and hemodynamic kidney function were measured in the fasted state and during clamped eu- or hyperglycemia. Second, in the Uric Acid Excretion study (UREX) study, 10 people with type 2 diabetes received 1-week empagliflozin, benzbromarone and their combination in a cross-over design and effects on plasma uric acid, fractional uric acid excretion and 24-hr uric acid excretion were measured. Results: In the RED study, compared to the fasted state (5.3±1.1mg/dL), acute hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia significantly reduced plasma uric acid by 0.2±0.3 and 0.4±0.3 mg/dL (both p<0.001), while increasing fractional uric acid excretion (by 3.2±3.1% and 8.9±4.5% respectively (both p<0.001). Dapagliflozin reduced plasma uric acid by 0.8±0.8mg/dL, 1.0±1.0mg/dL and by 0.8±0.7mg/dL during fasting, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions (p<0.001), whereas fractional uric acid excretion in 24-hr urine increased by 3.0±2.1% (p<0.001) and 2.6±4.5% during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions (p=0.003). Fractional uric acid excretion strongly correlated to fractional glucose excretion (r= 0.35, p=0.02). In the UREX study, empagliflozin and benzbromarone both significantly reduced plasma uric acid and increased fractional uric acid excretion. Effects of combination therapy did not differ from benzbromarone monotherapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, SGLT2-inhibitors induce uric acid excretion, which is strongly linked to urinary glucose excretion and which is attenuated during concomitant pharmacological blockade of URAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danii Suijk
- D Suijk, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michaël van Baar
- M van Baar, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erik van Bommel
- E van Bommel, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zainab Iqbal
- Z Iqbal, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Merle Krebber
- M Krebber, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Volker Vallon
- V Vallon, Division of Nephrology and hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Daan Touw
- D Touw, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ewout Hoorn
- E Hoorn, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- M Nieuwdorp, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Kramer
- M Kramer, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Joles
- J Joles, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- P Bjornstad, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
| | - Daniël van Raalte
- D van Raalte, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
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34
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Otani N, Ouchi M, Misawa K, Hisatome I, Anzai N. Hypouricemia and Urate Transporters. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030652. [PMID: 35327453 PMCID: PMC8945357 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypouricemia is recognized as a rare disorder, defined as a serum uric acid level of 2.0 mg/dL or less. Hypouricemia is divided into an overexcretion type and an underproduction type. The former typical disease is xanthinuria, and the latter is renal hypouricemia (RHUC). The frequency of nephrogenic hypouricemia due to a deficiency of URAT1 is high in Japan, accounting for most asymptomatic and persistent cases of hypouricemia. RHUC results in a high risk of exercise-induced acute kidney injury and urolithiasis. It is vital to promote research on RHUC, as this will lead not only to the elucidation of its pathophysiology but also to the development of new treatments for gout and hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Yonago Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Yonago 683-0006, Tottori, Japan;
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago 680-8550, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence:
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35
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Teixeira AF, de Souza J, Dophine DD, de Souza Filho JD, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Chemical Analysis of Eruca sativa Ethanolic Extract and Its Effects on Hyperuricaemia. Molecules 2022; 27:1506. [PMID: 35268606 PMCID: PMC8911632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo assays and chemical analyses were performed on the ethanolic extract from leaves of Eruca sativa. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF analysis confirmed the presence of glucosinolates and flavonol glucosides. The major flavonoid of the ethanolic extract, kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside, was isolated, a HPLC-DAD method developed and validated to quantify its content in the extract. In vivo experiments were carried out on Wistar rats with hyperuricaemia induced by potassium oxonate and uric acid. A hypouricaemic effect was observed in hyperuricaemic Wistar rats treated with ethanolic extract at dose of 125 mg/kg and kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside at dose of 10 mg/kg. The main anti-hyperuricaemic mechanism observed in the extract was uricosuric. Kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside was identified as an important component responsible for the total activity of the ethanolic extract and was considered as a good chemical and biological marker of the ethanolic extract of E. sativa. The obtained results indicated the potential of E. sativa in the treatment of hyperuricaemia and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ferrari Teixeira
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade (LCQ), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil;
| | - Douglas Daniel Dophine
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
| | - José Dias de Souza Filho
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização de Moléculas (LMCM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil;
| | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
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Zhao H, Lu Z, Lu Y. The potential of probiotics in the amelioration of hyperuricemia. Food Funct 2022; 13:2394-2414. [PMID: 35156670 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common disease caused by metabolic disorders or the excessive intake of high-purine foods. Persistent hyperuricemia in extreme cases induces gout, and asymptomatic hyperuricemia is probably linked to other metabolic diseases, such as hypertension. The typical damage caused by asymptomatic hyperuricemia includes inflammation, oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis. Probiotics have broad potential applications as food additives, not as drug therapies, in the amelioration of hyperuricemia. In this review, we describe novel methods for potential hyperuricemia amelioration with probiotics. The pathways through which probiotics may ameliorate hyperuricemia are discussed, including the decrease in uric acid production through purine assimilation and XOD (xanthine oxidase) inhibition as well as enhanced excretion of uric acid production by promoting ABCG2 (ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2) activity, respectively. Three possible probiotic-related therapeutic pathways for alleviating the syndrome of hyperuricemia are also summarized. The first mechanism is to alleviate the oxidation and inflammation induced by hyperuricemia through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, the second is to restore damaged intestinal epithelium barriers and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the third is to enhance the innate immune system by increasing the secretion of immunoglobulin A (sIgA) to resist the stimulus by hyperuricemia. We propose that future research should focus on superior strain resource isolation and insight into the cause-effect mechanisms of probiotics for hyperuricemia amelioration. The safety and effects of the application of probiotics in clinical use also need verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Kuang P, Luo J, Surineni G, Cen X, Wu T, Cao Y, Zhou P, Pang J, Zhang Q, Chen J. Discovery of novel verinurad analogs as dual inhibitors of URAT1 and GLUT9 with improved Druggability for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114092. [PMID: 34998055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Verinurad (RDEA3170) is a selective URAT1 inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. In an effort to further improve the pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of verinurad and to increase the structural diversity, we designed novel verinurad analogs by introducing a linker (e.g. aminomethyl, amino or oxygen) between the naphthalene and the pyridine ring to increase the flexibility. These compounds were synthesized and tested for their in vitro URAT1-inhibitory activity. Most compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against URAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 μM to 16.35 μM. Among them, compound KPH2f exhibited the highest URAT1-inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.24 μM, comparable to that of verinurad (IC50 = 0.17 μM). KPH2f also inhibited GLUT9 with an IC50 value of 9.37 ± 7.10 μM, indicating the dual URAT1/GLUT9 targeting capability. In addition, KPH2f showed little effects on OAT1 and ABCG2, and thus was unlikely to cause OAT1/ABCG2-mediated drug-drug interactions and/or to neutralize the uricosuric effects of URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitors. Importantly, KPH2f (10 mg/kg) was equally effective in reducing serum uric acid levels and exhibited higher uricosuric effects in a mice hyperuricemia model, as compared to verinurad (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, KPH2f demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 30.13%, clearly better than that of verinurad (21.47%). Moreover, KPH2f presented benign safety profiles without causing hERG toxicity, cytotoxicity in vitro (lower than verinurad), and renal damage in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that KPH2f represents a novel, safe and effective dual URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitor with improved druggabilities and is worthy of further investigation as an anti-hyperuricemic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Goverdhan Surineni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cen
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Miyazaki S, Hamada T, Sugihara S, Mizuta E, Endo Y, Ohtahara A, Komatsu K, Kuwabara M, Fukuuchi T, Kaneko K, Ichida K, Ogino K, Ninomiya H, Yamamoto K, Nakamura T, Hisatome I. Xanthinuria Type 1 with a Novel Mutation in Xanthine Dehydrogenase and a Normal Endothelial Function. Intern Med 2022; 61:1383-1386. [PMID: 35491177 PMCID: PMC9152847 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7897-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not extremely low levels of serum uric acid (SUA) in xanthinuria are associated with impairment of the endothelial function and exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI) is unclear. A 59-year-old woman without EIAKI or urolithiasis had undetectable levels of UA in serum and urine and elevated levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine in urine. A genetic analysis revealed homozygous mutations in the XDH gene [c.1585 C>T (p. Gln529*)]. Flow-mediated dilation was within the normal range. This is the first report of a case with extremely low levels of SUA, xanthinuria with novel mutations of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and a normal endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshihiro Hamada
- Department of Community-Based Family Medicine, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | - Yusuke Endo
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research Center, Tottori University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Koji Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry Disease, Tottori University, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Fukuuchi
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ogino
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Tottori Hospital, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yonago Medical Center, Japan
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Tin A, Schlosser P, Matias-Garcia PR, Thio CHL, Joehanes R, Liu H, Yu Z, Weihs A, Hoppmann A, Grundner-Culemann F, Min JL, Kuhns VLH, Adeyemo AA, Agyemang C, Ärnlöv J, Aziz NA, Baccarelli A, Bochud M, Brenner H, Bressler J, Breteler MMB, Carmeli C, Chaker L, Coresh J, Corre T, Correa A, Cox SR, Delgado GE, Eckardt KU, Ekici AB, Endlich K, Floyd JS, Fraszczyk E, Gao X, Gào X, Gelber AC, Ghanbari M, Ghasemi S, Gieger C, Greenland P, Grove ML, Harris SE, Hemani G, Henneman P, Herder C, Horvath S, Hou L, Hurme MA, Hwang SJ, Kardia SLR, Kasela S, Kleber ME, Koenig W, Kooner JS, Kronenberg F, Kühnel B, Ladd-Acosta C, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Liu D, Lloyd-Jones DM, Lorkowski S, Lu AT, Marioni RE, März W, McCartney DL, Meeks KAC, Milani L, Mishra PP, Nauck M, Nowak C, Peters A, Prokisch H, Psaty BM, Raitakari OT, Ratliff SM, Reiner AP, Schöttker B, Schwartz J, Sedaghat S, Smith JA, Sotoodehnia N, Stocker HR, Stringhini S, Sundström J, Swenson BR, van Meurs JBJ, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Venema A, Völker U, Winkelmann J, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Loh M, Snieder H, Waldenberger M, Levy D, Akilesh S, Woodward OM, Susztak K, Teumer A, Köttgen A. Epigenome-wide association study of serum urate reveals insights into urate co-regulation and the SLC2A9 locus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7173. [PMID: 34887389 PMCID: PMC8660809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum urate levels, a complex trait and major risk factor for incident gout, are correlated with cardiometabolic traits via incompletely understood mechanisms. DNA methylation in whole blood captures genetic and environmental influences and is assessed in transethnic meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of serum urate (discovery, n = 12,474, replication, n = 5522). The 100 replicated, epigenome-wide significant (p < 1.1E-7) CpGs explain 11.6% of the serum urate variance. At SLC2A9, the serum urate locus with the largest effect in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), five CpGs are associated with SLC2A9 gene expression. Four CpGs at SLC2A9 have significant causal effects on serum urate levels and/or gout, and two of these partly mediate the effects of urate-associated GWAS variants. In other genes, including SLC7A11 and PHGDH, 17 urate-associated CpGs are associated with conditions defining metabolic syndrome, suggesting that these CpGs may represent a blood DNA methylation signature of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study demonstrates that EWAS can provide new insights into GWAS loci and the correlation of serum urate with other complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Tin
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Pascal Schlosser
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pamela R Matias-Garcia
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chris H L Thio
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Yu
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Weihs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anselm Hoppmann
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundner-Culemann
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Family Medicine and Primary Care Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Nasir A Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Precision Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian Carmeli
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - James S Floyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Eliza Fraszczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory of Environmental Precision Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xīn Gào
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan C Gelber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sahar Ghasemi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
- Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mikko A Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Family Medicine and Primary Care Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Computational Health, Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Scott M Ratliff
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Ben Schöttker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanaz Sedaghat
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Hannah R Stocker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brenton R Swenson
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Venema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Chair Neurogenetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Bavaria, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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40
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Abstract
Circulation of urate levels is determined by the balance between urate production and excretion, homeostasis regulated by the function of urate transporters in key epithelial tissues and cell types. Our understanding of these physiological processes and identification of the genes encoding the urate transporters has advanced significantly, leading to a greater ability to predict risk for urate-associated diseases and identify new therapeutics that directly target urate transport. Here, we review the identified urate transporters and their organization and function in the renal tubule, the intestinal enterocytes, and other important cell types to provide a fuller understanding of the complicated process of urate homeostasis and its role in human diseases. Furthermore, we review the genetic tools that provide an unbiased catalyst for transporter identification as well as discuss the role of transporters in determining the observed significant gender differences in urate-associated disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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41
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Kawazoe M, Funakoshi S, Ishida S, Yoshimura C, Satoh A, Maeda T, Tsuji M, Yokota S, Tada K, Takahashi K, Ito K, Yasuno T, Fujii H, Okutsu S, Mukobara S, Kawanami D, Nabeshima S, Kondo S, Masutani K, Arima H. Effect of chronic kidney disease on the association between hyperuricemia and new-onset hypertension in the general Japanese population: ISSA-CKD study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:2071-2077. [PMID: 34806282 PMCID: PMC8696210 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and development of hypertension as well as the interaction effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on this relationship in the general Japanese population. We included 7895 participants aged ≥30 years from the ISSA‐CKD study, a population‐based retrospective cohort study that used annual health check‐up data of residents from Iki Island, Japan. After the exclusion of 1881 with l < 1‐year follow‐up, 2812 with hypertension at baseline, and 165 with missing information on SUA, a total of 3037 participants were enrolled in this analysis. Participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of SUA level at baseline, and multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios for new‐onset hypertension were calculated. Stratified analyses were performed for each subgroup (defined by sex, age, alcohol intake, and CKD) to assess the interaction effects. During a mean follow‐up period of 4.4 years, 943 participants developed hypertension. The first quartile group was set as the reference group, and the multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for new‐onset hypertension were 1.11 (0.90–1.36) in the second quartile, 1.25 (1.02–1.54) in the third quartile, and 1.35 (1.07–1.70) in the fourth quartile compared with those in the reference group (p = .007 for trend). The stratified analyses showed that the association between SUA and hypertension was significantly stronger in participants with CKD than in those without CKD (p = .035 for interaction). SUA level is an independent risk factor for new‐onset hypertension. This tendency was significantly stronger in participants with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kawazoe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsuji
- Department of Lifestyle and Welfare Information, Kindai University Kyushu Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yokota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Yasuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Fujii
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Okutsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Daiji Kawanami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nabeshima
- Department of General Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Masutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yoon J, Cachau R, David VA, Thompson M, Jung W, Jee SH, Daar IO, Winkler CA, Cho SK. Characterization of a Compound Heterozygous SLC2A9 Mutation That Causes Hypouricemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091172. [PMID: 34572357 PMCID: PMC8471325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal hypouricemia is a rare genetic disorder. Hypouricemia can present as renal stones or exercise-induced acute renal failure, but most cases are asymptomatic. Our previous study showed that two recessive variants of SLC22A12 (p.Trp258*, pArg90His) were identified in 90% of the hypouricemia patients from two independent cohorts: the Korean genome and epidemiology study (KoGES) and the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (KCPS-II). In this work, we investigate the genetic causes of hypouricemia in the rest of the 10% of unsolved cases. We found a novel non-synonymous mutation of SLC2A9 (voltage-sensitive uric acid transporter) in the whole-exome sequencing (WES) results. Molecular dynamics prediction suggests that the novel mutation p.Met126Val in SLCA9b (p.Met155Val in SLC2A9a) hinders uric acid transport through a defect of the outward open geometry. Molecular analysis using Xenopus oocytes confirmed that the p.Met126Val mutation significantly reduced uric acid transport but does not affect the SLC2A9 protein expression level. Our results will shed light on a better understanding of SLC2A9-mediated uric acid transport and the development of a uric acid-lowering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (J.Y.); (I.O.D.)
| | - Raul Cachau
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Victor A. David
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (V.A.D.); (C.A.W.)
| | - Mary Thompson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Wooram Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Sun-Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ira O. Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (J.Y.); (I.O.D.)
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (V.A.D.); (C.A.W.)
| | - Sung-Kweon Cho
- Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (V.A.D.); (C.A.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-31-219-4506; Fax: +82-31-219-5069
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García-Nieto VM, Claverie-Martín F, Moraleda-Mesa T, Perdomo-Ramírez A, Tejera-Carreño P, Córdoba-Lanus E, Luis-Yanes MI, Ramos-Trujillo E. Gout associated with reduced renal excretion of uric acid. Renal tubular disorder that nephrologists do not treat. Nefrologia 2021; 42:S0211-6995(21)00142-9. [PMID: 34503865 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is recurrent inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints. The risk factors that predispose to suffering from gout include non-modifiable factors such as gender, age, ethnicity and genetics, and modifiable factors such as diet and lifestyle. It has been shown that the heritability of uric acid levels in the blood is greater than 30%, which indicates that genetics play a key role in these levels. Hyperuricaemia is often a consequence of reduced renal urate excretion since more than 70% is excreted by the kidneys, mainly through the proximal tubule. The mechanisms that explain that hyperuricaemia associated with reduced renal urate excretion is, to a large extent, a proximal renal tubular disorder, have begun to be understood following the identification of two genes that encode the URAT1 and GLUT9 transporters. When they are carriers of loss-of-function mutations, they explain the two known variants of renal tubular hypouricaemia. Some polymorphisms in these genes may have an opposite gain-of-function effect, with a consequent increase in urate reabsorption. Conversely, loss-of-function polymorphisms in other genes that encode transporters involved in urate excretion (ABCG2, ABCC4) can lead to hyperuricaemia. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods have made it possible to locate new gout-related loci associated with reduced renal urate excretion (NIPAL1, FAM35A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M García-Nieto
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
| | - Félix Claverie-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Teresa Moraleda-Mesa
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Ana Perdomo-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Patricia Tejera-Carreño
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanus
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - María I Luis-Yanes
- Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Elena Ramos-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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44
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Identification of two novel heterozygous SLC2A9 mutations in a Chinese woman and review of literature. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:58-64. [PMID: 34499869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Chinese woman diagnosed with renal hypouricemia type 2 (RHUC2). We also summarize the advances in research on RHUC2 by reviewing related literature. METHODS We measured clinical parameters of a 57-year-old female and performed whole-exome sequencing to screen for mutations. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids containing wild-type or mutants. Relative mRNA quantification was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS This patient was diagnosed with diabetes and coronary heart disease. In addition, a decrease in 24-hour urinary chloride was observed. Two novel heterozygous variants of SLC2A9 (NM_020041.2): c.682-2_682-1insC and c.267C > G (p.Y89X) were identified. The mini-gene splicing assay revealed that c.682-2_682-1insC variant resulted in a frameshift mutation p. E228PfsX23. There was a statistically significant difference in mRNA expression level between the two mutants and the wild-type. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that the two novel mutations are the causative agents of RHUC2. In particular, our findings provide further insights into the function of SLC2A9 and mechanisms of the complications.
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Qin Y, Zhang S, Cui S, Shen X, Wang J, Cui X, Zuo M, Gao Z, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhu H, Chang B. High urinary excretion rate of glucose attenuates serum uric acid level in type 2 diabetes with normal renal function. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1981-1988. [PMID: 33515212 PMCID: PMC8357730 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The relationship between urinary excretion rate of glucose (UEGL) and uric acid (UA) metabolism in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear to date. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of UEGL with serum UA (SUA), urinary excretion rate of uric acid (UEUA), and renal clearance of uric acid (CLUA) in adults with T2D. We hypothesised that high UEGL increases UA excretion, which in turn leads to lower SUA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 635 inpatients with T2D recruited between 2018 and 2019. The relationships of UEGL with UEUA, CLUA, and hyperuricaemia were assessed using analysis of covariance and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Patients in the higher quartile of UEGL tended to have lower SUA levels than those in the lower quartile. In contrast, patients in the higher quartile of UEGL tended to have higher CLUA (p for trend < 0.0001), and a similar trend was observed for UEUA. In adjusted multivariable linear regression model, UEGL was negatively correlated with SUA (β = - 0.023, 95% CI - 0.034 to - 0.013, p < 0.0001). However, positive correlations of UEGL with UEUA (β = 0.046, 95% CI 0.018-0.074, p = 0.001) and CLUA (β = 0.063, 95% CI 0.042-0.085, p < 0.0001) were found. Furthermore, consistent significant inverse associations were observed between quartiles of UEGL and hyperuricaemia in the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS A high UEGL level was positively correlated with UEUA and CLUA. Moreover, it was inversely associated with SUA level, and a consistently increased UEGL level reduced the risk of hyperuricaemia in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - X Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - X Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - M Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - B Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Mandal AK, Leask MP, Estiverne C, Choi HK, Merriman TR, Mount DB. Genetic and Physiological Effects of Insulin on Human Urate Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:713710. [PMID: 34408667 PMCID: PMC8366499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.713710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and hyperinsulinemia reduce renal fractional excretion of urate (FeU) and play a key role in the genesis of hyperuricemia and gout, via uncharacterized mechanisms. To explore this association further we studied the effects of genetic variation in insulin-associated pathways on serum urate (SU) levels and the physiological effects of insulin on urate transporters. We found that urate-associated variants in the human insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INSR), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) loci associate with the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 2, IRS1, INSR, and ZNF358 genes; additionally, we found genetic interaction between SLC2A9 and the three loci, most evident in women. We also found that insulin stimulates the expression of GLUT9 and increases [14C]-urate uptake in human proximal tubular cells (PTC-05) and HEK293T cells, transport activity that was effectively abrogated by uricosurics or inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), PI3 kinase, MEK/ERK, or p38 MAPK. Heterologous expression of individual urate transporters in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the [14C]-urate transport activities of GLUT9a, GLUT9b, OAT10, OAT3, OAT1, NPT1 and ABCG2 are directly activated by insulin signaling, through PI3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, MEK/ERK and/or p38 MAPK. Given that the high-capacity urate transporter GLUT9a is the exclusive basolateral exit pathway for reabsorbed urate from the renal proximal tubule into the blood, that insulin stimulates both GLUT9 expression and urate transport activity more than other urate transporters, and that SLC2A9 shows genetic interaction with urate-associated insulin-signaling loci, we postulate that the anti-uricosuric effect of insulin is primarily due to the enhanced expression and activation of GLUT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Mandal
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Megan P. Leask
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher Estiverne
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hyon K. Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David B. Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Renal Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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47
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Arakawa H, Amezawa N, Kawakatsu Y, Tamai I. Renal Reabsorptive Transport of Uric Acid Precursor Xanthine by URAT1 and GLUT9. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1792-1798. [PMID: 33132325 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine and hypoxanthine are intermediate metabolites of uric acid and a source of reactive oxidative species (ROS) by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), suggesting that facilitating their elimination is beneficial. Since they are reabsorbed in renal proximal tubules, we investigated their reabsorption mechanism by focusing on the renal uric acid transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, and examined the effect of clinically used URAT1 inhibitor on their renal clearance when their plasma concentration is increased by XOR inhibitor. Uptake study for [3H]xanthine and [3H]hypoxanthine was performed using URAT1- and GLUT9-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Transcellular transport study for [3H]xanthine was carried out using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)II cells co-expressing URAT1 and GLUT9. In in vivo pharmacokinetic study, renal clearance of xanthine was estimated based on plasma concentration and urinary recovery. Uptake by URAT1- and GLUT9-expressing oocytes demonstrated that xanthine is a substrate of URAT1 and GLUT9, while hypoxanthine is not. Transcellular transport of xanthine in MDCKII cells co-expressing URAT1 and GLUT9 was significantly higher than those in mock cells and cells expressing URAT1 or GLUT9 alone. Furthermore, dotinurad, a URAT1 inhibitor, increased renal clearance of xanthine in rats treated with topiroxostat to inhibit XOR. It was suggested that xanthine is reabsorbed in the same manner as uric acid through URAT1 and GLUT9, while hypoxanthine is not. Accordingly, it is expected that treatment with XOR and URAT1 inhibitors will effectively decrease purine pools in the body and prevent cell injury due to ROS generated during XOR-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Natsumi Amezawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Yu Kawakatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Sun HL, Wu YW, Bian HG, Yang H, Wang H, Meng XM, Jin J. Function of Uric Acid Transporters and Their Inhibitors in Hyperuricaemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667753. [PMID: 34335246 PMCID: PMC8317579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of uric acid metabolism may be associated with pathological processes in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. These diseases can further promote uric acid accumulation in the body, leading to a vicious cycle. Preliminary studies have proven many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, and rennin angiotensin axis involving in the progression of hyperuricaemia-related diseases. However, there is still lack of effective clinical treatment for hyperuricaemia. According to previous research results, NPT1, NPT4, OAT1, OAT2, OAT3, OAT4, URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, PDZK1, these urate transports are closely related to serum uric acid level. Targeting at urate transporters and urate-lowering drugs can enhance our understanding of hyperuricaemia and hyperuricaemia-related diseases. This review may put forward essential references or cross references to be contributed to further elucidate traditional and novel urate-lowering drugs benefits as well as provides theoretical support for the scientific research on hyperuricemia and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Wan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He-Ge Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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49
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Tátrai P, Erdő F, Dörnyei G, Krajcsi P. Modulation of Urate Transport by Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060899. [PMID: 34204277 PMCID: PMC8235739 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum urate (SU) levels in primates are extraordinarily high among mammals. Urate is a Janus-faced molecule that acts physiologically as a protective antioxidant but provokes inflammation and gout when it precipitates at high concentrations. Transporters play crucial roles in urate disposition, and drugs that interact with urate transporters either by intention or by accident may modulate SU levels. We examined whether in vitro transporter interaction studies may clarify and predict such effects. METHODS Transporter interaction profiles of clinically proven urate-lowering (uricosuric) and hyperuricemic drugs were compiled from the literature, and the predictive value of in vitro-derived cut-offs like Cmax/IC50 on the in vivo outcome (clinically relevant decrease or increase of SU) was assessed. RESULTS Interaction with the major reabsorptive urate transporter URAT1 appears to be dominant over interactions with secretory transporters in determining the net effect of a drug on SU levels. In vitro inhibition interpreted using the recommended cut-offs is useful at predicting the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS In vitro safety assessments regarding urate transport should be done early in drug development to identify candidates at risk of causing major imbalances. Attention should be paid both to the inhibition of secretory transporters and inhibition or trans-stimulation of reabsorptive transporters, especially URAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- Solvo Biotechnology, Science Park, Building B2, 4-20 Irinyi József utca, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gabriella Dörnyei
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Krajcsi
- Solvo Biotechnology, Science Park, Building B2, 4-20 Irinyi József utca, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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50
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Chang YH, Chiang YF, Chen HY, Huang YJ, Wang KL, Hong YH, Ali M, Shieh TM, Hsia SM. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Hyperuricemic Effects of Chrysin on a High Fructose Corn Syrup-Induced Hyperuricemia Rat Model via the Amelioration of Urate Transporters and Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040564. [PMID: 33917369 PMCID: PMC8067405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the main cause of gout and involved in the occurrence of many other diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension correlated with metabolic disorders. Chrysin is a flavonoid compound found naturally in honey, propolis, and mushrooms and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its mechanism of action is not clear yet. This study investigated the mechanism of chrysin’s anti-hyperuricemic effect in hyperuricemia-induced rats fed with high-fructose corn syrup. Orally administrated chrysin for 28 consecutive days effectively decreased uric acid by inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the liver. Moreover, chrysin markedly downregulated the protein expression of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9) and upregulated the protein expression of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and human ATP-binding cassette subfamily G-2 (ABCG2). In addition, chrysin showed prominent anti-oxidative and inflammatory effects as the malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) concentration was reduced in both rat kidney and serum, which aligned with the inhibition of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway activation. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that chrysin exhibits potent anti-hyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory effects that may yield new adjuvant treatments for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Chang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Fen Chiang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-J.H.)
- School of Food and Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-273-61661-6558
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