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Villar SF, Corrales-González L, Márquez de Los Santos B, Dalla Rizza J, Zeida A, Denicola A, Ferrer-Sueta G. Kinetic and structural assessment of the reduction of human 2-Cys peroxiredoxins by thioredoxins. FEBS J 2024; 291:778-794. [PMID: 37985387 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the reduction reactions of two cytosolic human peroxiredoxins (Prx) in their disulfide form by three thioredoxins (Trx; two human and one bacterial), with the aim of better understanding the rate and mechanism of those reactions, and their relevance in the context of the catalytic cycle of Prx. We have developed a new methodology based on stopped-flow and intrinsic fluorescence to study the bimolecular reactions, and found rate constants in the range of 105 -106 m-1 s-1 in all cases, showing that there is no marked kinetic preference for the expected Trx partner. By combining experimental findings and molecular dynamics studies, we found that the reactivity of the nucleophilic cysteine (CN ) in the Trx is greatly affected by the formation of the Prx-Trx complex. The protein-protein interaction forces the CN thiolate into an unfavorable hydrophobic microenvironment that reduces its hydration and results in a remarkable acceleration of the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions by more than three orders of magnitude and also produces a measurable shift in the pKa of the CN . This mechanism of activation of the thiol disulfide exchange may help understand the reduction of Prx by alternative reductants involved in redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián F Villar
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Corrales-González
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Belén Márquez de Los Santos
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Dalla Rizza
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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2
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. Peroxiredoxin 2: An Important Element of the Antioxidant Defense of the Erythrocyte. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051012. [PMID: 37237878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) is the third most abundant erythrocyte protein. It was known previously as calpromotin since its binding to the membrane stimulates the calcium-dependent potassium channel. Prdx2 is present mostly in cytosol in the form of non-covalent dimers but may associate into doughnut-like decamers and other oligomers. Prdx2 reacts rapidly with hydrogen peroxide (k > 107 M-1 s-1). It is the main erythrocyte antioxidant that removes hydrogen peroxide formed endogenously by hemoglobin autoxidation. Prdx2 also reduces other peroxides including lipid, urate, amino acid, and protein hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. Oxidized Prdx2 can be reduced at the expense of thioredoxin but also of other thiols, especially glutathione. Further reactions of Prdx2 with oxidants lead to hyperoxidation (formation of sulfinyl or sulfonyl derivatives of the peroxidative cysteine). The sulfinyl derivative can be reduced by sulfiredoxin. Circadian oscillations in the level of hyperoxidation of erythrocyte Prdx2 were reported. The protein can be subject to post-translational modifications; some of them, such as phosphorylation, nitration, and acetylation, increase its activity. Prdx2 can also act as a chaperone for hemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane proteins, especially during the maturation of erythrocyte precursors. The extent of Prdx2 oxidation is increased in various diseases and can be an index of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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3
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Hukkamlı B, Dağdelen B, Sönmez Aydın F, Budak H. Comparison of the efficacy of the mouse hepatic and renal antioxidant systems against inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01126-3. [PMID: 36773183 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of the mouse hepatic and renal antioxidant systems against inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Increased Il-1 and Il-6 expressions, markers of inflammation, were represented by inflammation models in mouse liver and kidney tissues injected intraperitoneally with LPS. After establishing the model, the GSH level and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which are oxidative stress markers, were investigated in both tissues treated with LPS and the control group. The expression of Trx1, TrxR, and Txnip genes increased in the liver tissues of LPS-treated mice. In the kidney tissue, while Trx1 expression decreased, no change was observed in TrxR1 expression, and Txnip expression increased. In the kidneys, TRXR1 and GR activities decreased, whereas GPx activity increased. In both tissues, the TRXR1 protein expression decreased significantly, while TXNIP expression increased. In conclusion, different behaviors of antioxidant system members were observed during acute inflammation in both tissues. Additionally, it can be said that the kidney tissue is more sensitive and takes earlier measures than the liver tissue against cellular damage caused by inflammation and inflammation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Hukkamlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Processing Technologies, Boyabat Vocational School, Sinop University, Sinop, 57200, Türkiye
| | - Burak Dağdelen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, 42250, Türkiye
| | - Feyza Sönmez Aydın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School, Doğuş University, Istanbul, 34775, Türkiye
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
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4
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Celastrol suppresses colorectal cancer via covalent targeting peroxiredoxin 1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:51. [PMID: 36732502 PMCID: PMC9895061 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a terpenoids natural product isolated from the plant Thunder God Vine, Celastrol is widely studied for its pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor activities. The clinical application of Celastrol is strictly limited due to its severe side effects, whereas previously revealed targets and mechanism of Celastrol seldom reduce its in vivo toxicity via structural optimization. Target identification has a far-reaching influence on the development of innovative drugs, and omics data has been widely used for unbiased target prediction. However, it is difficult to enrich target of specific phenotype from thousands of genes or proteins, especially for natural products with broad promising activities. Here, we developed a text-mining-based web-server tool to enrich targets from omics data of inquired compounds. Then peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) was identified as the ROS-manipulating target protein of Celastrol in colorectal cancer. Our solved high-resolution crystal structure revealed the unique covalent binding mode of Celastrol with PRDX1. New derivative compound 19-048 with improved potency against PRDX1 and selectivity towards PRDX2~PRDX6 were synthesized based on crystal structure analysis. Both Celastrol and 19-048 effectively suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. The anti-tumor efficacy of Celastrol and 19-048 was significantly diminished on xenograft nude mice bearing PRDX1 knock-down colorectal cancer cells. Several downstream genes of p53 signaling pathway were dramatically up-regulated with Celastrol or 19-048 treatment. Our findings reveal that the side effects of Celastrol could be reduced via structural modification, and PRDX1 inhibition is promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Jain M, Cai L, Black I, Azadi P, Carlson RW, Jones KM, Gabriel DW. ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Encoded BCP Peroxiredoxin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Defense Signaling and Nitrosative Stress In Planta. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:257-273. [PMID: 34931906 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-21-0230-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria trigger a nitrosative and oxidative burst in both animals and plants during pathogen invasion. Liberibacter crescens strain BT-1 is a surrogate for functional genomic studies of the uncultured pathogenic 'Candidatus Liberibacter' spp. that are associated with severe diseases such as citrus greening and potato zebra chip. Structural determination of L. crescens LPS revealed the presence of a very long chain fatty acid modification. L. crescens LPS pretreatment suppressed growth of Xanthomonas perforans on nonhost tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and X. citri subsp. citri on host orange (Citrus sinensis), confirming bioactivity of L. crescens LPS in activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). L. crescens LPS elicited a rapid burst of nitric oxide (NO) in suspension cultured tobacco cells. Pharmacological inhibitor assays confirmed that arginine-utilizing NO synthase (NOS) activity was the primary source of NO generation elicited by L. crescens LPS. LPS treatment also resulted in biological markers of NO-mediated SAR activation, including an increase in the glutathione pool, callose deposition, and activation of the salicylic acid and azelaic acid (AzA) signaling networks. Transient expression of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterioferritin comigratory protein (BCP) peroxiredoxin in tobacco compromised AzA signaling, a prerequisite for LPS-triggered SAR. Western blot analyses revealed that 'Ca. L. asiaticus' BCP peroxiredoxin prevented peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration in tobacco. 'Ca. L. asiaticus' BCP peroxiredoxin (i) attenuates NO-mediated SAR signaling and (ii) scavenges peroxynitrite radicals, which would facilitate repetitive cycles of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' acquisition and transmission by fecund psyllids throughout the limited flush period in citrus.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jain
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Lulu Cai
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Ian Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Russell W Carlson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S.A
| | - Dean W Gabriel
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
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Knany A, Engelman R, Hariri HA, Biswal S, Wolfenson H, Benhar M. S-nitrosocysteine and glutathione depletion synergize to induce cell death in human tumor cells: Insights into the redox and cytotoxic mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:566-574. [PMID: 32898624 PMCID: PMC7704562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling and cytotoxic effects are mediated in part via protein S-nitrosylation. The magnitude and duration of S-nitrosylation are governed by the two main thiol reducing systems, the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems. In recent years, approaches have been developed to harness the cytotoxic potential of NO/nitrosylation to inhibit tumor cell growth. However, progress in this area has been hindered by insufficient understanding of the balance and interplay between cellular nitrosylation, other oxidative processes and the GSH/Trx systems. In addition, the mechanistic relationship between thiol redox imbalance and cancer cell death is not fully understood. Herein, we explored the redox and cellular effects induced by the S-nitrosylating agent, S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO), in GSH-sufficient and -deficient human tumor cells. We used l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) to induce GSH deficiency, and employed redox, biochemical and cellular assays to interrogate molecular mechanisms. We found that, under GSH-sufficient conditions, a CysNO challenge (100-500 μM) results in a marked yet reversible increase in protein S-nitrosylation in the absence of appreciable S-oxidation. In contrast, under GSH-deficient conditions, CysNO induces elevated and sustained levels of both S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation. Experiments in various cancer cell lines showed that administration of CysNO or BSO alone commonly induce minimal cytotoxicity whereas BSO/CysNO combination therapy leads to extensive cell death. Studies in HeLa cancer cells revealed that treatment with BSO/CysNO results in dual inhibition of the GSH and Trx systems, thereby amplifying redox stress and causing cellular dysfunction. In particular, BSO/CysNO induced rapid oxidation and collapse of the actin cytoskeletal network, followed by loss of mitochondrial function, leading to profound and irreversible decrease in ATP levels. Further observations indicated that BSO/CysNO-induced cell death occurs via a caspase-independent mechanism that involves multiple stress-induced pathways. The present findings provide new insights into the relationship between cellular nitrosylation/oxidation, thiol antioxidant defenses and cell death. These results may aid future efforts to develop NO/redox-based anticancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Knany
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Hiba Abu Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Thioredoxins: Emerging Players in the Regulation of Protein S-Nitrosation in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1426. [PMID: 33114295 PMCID: PMC7690881 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosation has been recognized as an important mechanism of ubiquitous posttranslational modification of proteins on the basis of the attachment of the nitroso group to cysteine thiols. Reversible S-nitrosation, similarly to other redox-based modifications of protein thiols, has a profound effect on protein structure and activity and is considered as a convergence of signaling pathways of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the emerging role of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (TRXR-TRX) system in protein denitrosation. Important advances have been recently achieved on plant thioredoxins (TRXs) and their properties, regulation, and functions in the control of protein S-nitrosation in plant root development, translation of photosynthetic light harvesting proteins, and immune responses. Future studies of plants with down- and upregulated TRXs together with the application of genomics and proteomics approaches will contribute to obtain new insights into plant S-nitrosothiol metabolism and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.J.); (L.L.)
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8
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Rhee SG, Woo HA. Multiple functions of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, I and II, and their regulations via post-translational modifications. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:107-115. [PMID: 32151745 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are an unusual family of thiol-specific peroxidases that possess a binding site for H2O2 and rely on a conserved cysteine residue for rapid reaction with H2O2. Among 6 mammalian isoforms (Prx I to VI), Prx I and Prx II are mainly found in the cytosol and nucleus. Prx I and Prx II function as antioxidant enzymes and protein chaperone under oxidative distress conditions. Under oxidative eustress conditions, Prx I and Prx II regulate the levels of H2O2 at specific area of the cells as well as sense and transduce H2O2 signaling to target proteins. Prx I and Prx II are known to be covalently modified on multiple sites: Prx I is hyperoxidized on Cys52; phosphorylated on Ser32, Thr90, and Tyr194; acetylated on Lys7, Lys16, Lys27, Lys35, and Lys197; glutathionylated on Cys52, Cys83, and Cys173; and nitrosylated on Cys52 and Cys83, whereas Prx II is hyperoxidized on Cys51; phosphorylated on Thr89, Ser112, and Thr182; acetylated on Ala2 and Lys196; glutathionylated on Cys51 and Cys172; and nitrosylated on Cys51 and Cys172. In this review, we describe how these post-translational modifications affect various functions of Prx I and Prx II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea; The Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy and College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
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10
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Benhar M. Oxidants, Antioxidants and Thiol Redox Switches in the Control of Regulated Cell Death Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040309. [PMID: 32290499 PMCID: PMC7222211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well appreciated that biological reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as endogenous antioxidant systems, are important modulators of cell survival and death in diverse organisms and cell types. In addition, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and dysregulated cell death are implicated in a wide variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Therefore, much effort is devoted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking oxidant/antioxidant systems and cell death pathways. This review is focused on thiol redox modifications as a major mechanism by which oxidants and antioxidants influence specific regulated cell death pathways in mammalian cells. Growing evidence indicates that redox modifications of cysteine residues in proteins are involved in the regulation of multiple cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, recent research suggests that thiol redox switches play a role in the crosstalk between apoptotic and necrotic forms of regulated cell death. Thus, thiol-based redox circuits provide an additional layer of control that determines when and how cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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11
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Truzzi DR, Alves SV, Netto LES, Augusto O. The Peroxidatic Thiol of Peroxiredoxin 1 is Nitrosated by Nitrosoglutathione but Coordinates to the Dinitrosyl Iron Complex of Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040276. [PMID: 32218363 PMCID: PMC7222187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation is an important consequence of NO●·metabolism with implications in physiology and pathology. The mechanisms responsible for S-nitrosation in vivo remain debatable and kinetic data on protein S-nitrosation by different agents are limited. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, in particular Prx1 and Prx2, were detected as being S-nitrosated in multiple mammalian cells under a variety of conditions. Here, we investigated the kinetics of Prx1 S-nitrosation by nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a recognized biological nitrosating agent, and by the dinitrosyl-iron complex of glutathione (DNIC-GS; [Fe(NO)2(GS)2]−), a hypothetical nitrosating agent. Kinetics studies following the intrinsic fluorescence of Prx1 and its mutants (C83SC173S and C52S) were complemented by product analysis; all experiments were performed at pH 7.4 and 25 ℃. The results show GSNO-mediated nitrosation of Prx1 peroxidatic residue (k+NOCys52 = 15.4 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1) and of Prx1 Cys83 residue (k+NOCys83 = 1.7 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1). The reaction of nitrosated Prx1 with GSH was also monitored and provided a second-order rate constant for Prx1Cys52NO denitrosation of k−NOCys52 = 14.4 ± 0.3 M−1. s−1. In contrast, the reaction of DNIC-GS with Prx1 did not nitrosate the enzyme but formed DNIC-Prx1 complexes. The peroxidatic Prx1 Cys was identified as the residue that more rapidly replaces the GS ligand from DNIC-GS (kDNICCys52 = 7.0 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1) to produce DNIC-Prx1 ([Fe(NO)2(GS)(Cys52-Prx1)]−). Altogether, the data showed that in addition to S-nitrosation, the Prx1 peroxidatic residue can replace the GS ligand from DNIC-GS, forming stable DNIC-Prx1, and both modifications disrupt important redox switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R. Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone V. Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (S.V.A.); (L.E.S.N.)
| | - Luis E. S. Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (S.V.A.); (L.E.S.N.)
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Braunstein I, Engelman R, Yitzhaki O, Ziv T, Galardon E, Benhar M. Opposing effects of polysulfides and thioredoxin on apoptosis through caspase persulfidation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3590-3600. [PMID: 32041780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in a large number of physiological processes including cell survival and death, encouraging research into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Results from recent studies suggest that the cellular effects of hydrogen sulfide are mediated in part by sulfane sulfur species, including persulfides and polysulfides. In the present study, we investigated the apoptosis-modulating effects of polysulfides, especially on the caspase cascade, which mediates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Biochemical analyses revealed that organic or synthetic polysulfides strongly and rapidly inhibit the enzymatic activity of caspase-3, a major effector protease in apoptosis. We attributed the caspase-3 inhibition to persulfidation of its catalytic cysteine. In apoptotically stimulated HeLa cells, short-term exposure to polysulfides triggered the persulfidation and deactivation of cleaved caspase-3. These effects were antagonized by the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system (Trx/TrxR). Trx/TrxR restored the activity of polysulfide-inactivated caspase-3 in vitro, and TrxR inhibition potentiated polysulfide-mediated suppression of caspase-3 activity in situ We further found that under conditions of low TrxR activity, early cell exposure to polysulfides leads to enhanced persulfidation of initiator caspase-9 and decreases apoptosis. Notably, we show that the proenzymes procaspase-3 and -9 are basally persulfidated in resting (unstimulated) cells and become depersulfidated during their processing and activation. Inhibition of TrxR attenuated the depersulfidation and activation of caspase-9. Taken together, our results reveal that polysulfides target the caspase-9/3 cascade and thereby suppress cancer cell apoptosis, and highlight the role of Trx/TrxR-mediated depersulfidation in enabling caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Braunstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Ofer Yitzhaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003 Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096 Israel
| | - Erwan Galardon
- UMR 8601, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003 Israel.
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13
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Randall LM, Dalla Rizza J, Parsonage D, Santos J, Mehl RA, Lowther WT, Poole LB, Denicola A. Unraveling the effects of peroxiredoxin 2 nitration; role of C-terminal tyrosine 193. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:492-501. [PMID: 31323313 PMCID: PMC6749834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are enzymes that efficiently reduce hydroperoxides through active participation of cysteine residues (CP, CR). The first step in catalysis, the reduction of peroxide substrate, is fast, 107 - 108 M-1s-1 for human Prx2. In addition, the high intracellular concentration of Prx positions them not only as good antioxidants but also as central players in redox signaling pathways. These biological functions can be affected by post-translational modifications that could alter the peroxidase activity and/or interaction with other proteins. In particular, inactivation by hyperoxidation of CP, which occurs when a second molecule of peroxide reacts with the CP in the sulfenic acid form, modulates their participation in redox signaling pathways. The higher sensitivity to hyperoxidation of some Prx has been related to the presence of structural motifs that disfavor disulfide formation at the active site, making the CP sulfenic acid more available for hyperoxidation or interaction with a redox protein target. We previously reported that treatment of human Prx2 with peroxynitrite results in tyrosine nitration, a post-translational modification on non-catalytic residues, yielding a more active peroxidase with higher resistance to hyperoxidation. In this work, studies on various mutants of hPrx2 confirm that the presence of the tyrosyl side-chain of Y193, belonging to the C-terminal YF motif of eukaryotic Prx, is necessary to observe the increase in Prx2 resistance to hyperoxidation. Moreover, our results underline the critical role of this structural motif on the rate of disulfide formation that determines the differential participation of Prx in redox signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía M Randall
- Laboratorio I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Dalla Rizza
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Javier Santos
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - W Todd Lowther
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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14
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Truzzi DR, Coelho FR, Paviani V, Alves SV, Netto LES, Augusto O. The bicarbonate/carbon dioxide pair increases hydrogen peroxide-mediated hyperoxidation of human peroxiredoxin 1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14055-14067. [PMID: 31366734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) rapidly reduce H2O2, thereby acting as antioxidants and also as sensors and transmitters of H2O2 signals in cells. Interestingly, eukaryotic 2-Cys Prxs lose their peroxidase activity at high H2O2 levels. Under these conditions, H2O2 oxidizes the sulfenic acid derivative of the Prx peroxidatic Cys (CPSOH) to the sulfinate (CPSO2 -) and sulfonated (CPSO3 -) forms, redirecting the CPSOH intermediate from the catalytic cycle to the hyperoxidation/inactivation pathway. The susceptibility of 2-Cys Prxs to hyperoxidation varies greatly and depends on structural features that affect the lifetime of the CPSOH intermediate. Among the human Prxs, Prx1 has an intermediate susceptibility to H2O2 and was selected here to investigate the effect of a physiological concentration of HCO3 -/CO2 (25 mm) on its hyperoxidation. Immunoblotting and kinetic and MS/MS experiments revealed that HCO3 -/CO2 increases Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation both in the presence of excess H2O2 and during enzymatic (NADPH/thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin) and chemical (DTT) turnover. We hypothesized that the stimulating effect of HCO3 -/CO2 was due to HCO4 -, a peroxide present in equilibrated solutions of H2O2 and HCO3 -/CO2 Indeed, additional experiments and calculations uncovered that HCO4 - oxidizes CPSOH to CPSO2 - with a second-order rate constant 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of H2O2 ((1.5 ± 0.1) × 105 and (2.9 ± 0.2) × 103 m-1·s-1, respectively) and that HCO4 - is 250 times more efficient than H2O2 at inactivating 1% Prx1 per turnover. The fact that the biologically ubiquitous HCO3 -/CO2 pair stimulates Prx1 hyperoxidation and inactivation bears relevance to Prx1 functions beyond its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Veronica Paviani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Simone V Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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15
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Kaner Z, Engelman R, Schuster R, Rider P, Greenberg D, Av-Gay Y, Benhar M, Lewis EC. S-Nitrosylation of α1-Antitrypsin Triggers Macrophages Toward Inflammatory Phenotype and Enhances Intra-Cellular Bacteria Elimination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:590. [PMID: 31001247 PMCID: PMC6454134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT) is a circulating anti-inflammatory serine-protease inhibitor that rises during acute phase responses. in vivo, hAAT reduces bacterial load, without directly inhibiting bacterial growth. In conditions of excess nitric-oxide (NO), hAAT undergoes S-nitrosylation (S-NO-hAAT) and gains antibacterial capacity. The impact of S-NO-hAAT on immune cells has yet to be explored. Aim: Study the effects of S-NO-hAAT on immune cells during bacterial infection. Methods: Clinical-grade hAAT was S-nitrosylated and then compared to unmodified hAAT, functionally, and structurally. Intracellular bacterial clearance by THP-1 macrophages was assessed using live Salmonella typhi. Murine peritoneal macrophages were examined, and signaling pathways were evaluated. S-NO-hAAT was also investigated after blocking free mambranal cysteine residues on cells. Results: S-NO-hAAT (27.5 uM) enhances intracellular bacteria elimination by immunocytes (up to 1-log reduction). S-NO-hAAT causes resting macrophages to exhibit a pro-inflammatory and antibacterial phenotype, including release of inflammatory cytokines and induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TLR2. These pro-inflammatory effects are dependent upon cell surface thiols and activation of MAPK pathways. Conclusions: hAAT duality appears to be context-specific, involving S-nitrosylation in a nitric oxide rich environment. Our results suggest that S-nitrosylation facilitates the antibacterial activity of hAAT by promoting its ability to activate innate immune cells. This pro-inflammatory effect may involve transferring of nitric oxide from S-NO-hAAT to a free cysteine residue on cellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Kaner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Schuster
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Peleg Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - David Greenberg
- The Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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16
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Forshaw TE, Holmila R, Nelson KJ, Lewis JE, Kemp ML, Tsang AW, Poole LB, Lowther WT, Furdui CM. Peroxiredoxins in Cancer and Response to Radiation Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010011. [PMID: 30609657 PMCID: PMC6356878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins have a long-established cellular function as regulators of redox metabolism by catalyzing the reduction of peroxides (e.g., H2O2, lipid peroxides) with high catalytic efficiency. This activity is also critical to the initiation and relay of both phosphorylation and redox signaling in a broad range of pathophysiological contexts. Under normal physiological conditions, peroxiredoxins protect normal cells from oxidative damage that could promote oncogenesis (e.g., environmental stressors). In cancer, higher expression level of peroxiredoxins has been associated with both tumor growth and resistance to radiation therapies. However, this relationship between the expression of peroxiredoxins and the response to radiation is not evident from an analysis of data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) or NCI60 panel of cancer cell lines. The focus of this review is to summarize the current experimental knowledge implicating this class of proteins in cancer, and to provide a perspective on the value of targeting peroxiredoxins in the management of cancer. Potential biases in the analysis of the TCGA data with respect to radiation resistance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Reetta Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Joshua E Lewis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - W Todd Lowther
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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17
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Dalla Rizza J, Randall LM, Santos J, Ferrer-Sueta G, Denicola A. Differential parameters between cytosolic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, PRDX1 and PRDX2. Protein Sci 2018; 28:191-201. [PMID: 30284335 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are thiol-dependent peroxidases that function in peroxide detoxification and H2 O2 induced signaling. Among the six isoforms expressed in humans, PRDX1 and PRDX2 share 97% sequence similarity, 77% sequence identity including the active site, subcellular localization (cytosolic) but they hold different biological functions albeit associated with their peroxidase activity. Using recombinant human PRDX1 and PRDX2, the kinetics of oxidation and hyperoxidation with H2 O2 and peroxynitrite were followed by intrinsic fluorescence. At pH 7.4, the peroxidatic cysteine of both isoforms reacts nearly tenfold faster with H2 O2 than with peroxynitrite, and both reactions are orders of magnitude faster than with most protein thiols. For both isoforms, the sulfenic acids formed are in turn oxidized by H2 O2 with rate constants of ca 2 × 103 M-1 s-1 and by peroxynitrous acid significantly faster. As previously observed, a crucial difference between PRDX1 and PRDX2 is on the resolution step of the catalytic cycle, the rate of disulfide formation (11 s-1 for PRDX1, 0.2 s-1 for PRDX2, independent of the oxidant) which correlates with their different sensitivity to hyperoxidation. This kinetic pause opens different pathways on redox signaling for these isoforms. The longer lifetime of PRDX2 sulfenic acid allows it to react with other protein thiols to translate the signal via an intermediate mixed disulfide (involving its peroxidatic cysteine), whereas PRDX1 continues the cycle forming disulfide involving its resolving cysteine to function as a redox relay. In addition, the presence of C83 on PRDX1 imparts a difference on peroxidase activity upon peroxynitrite exposure that needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Dalla Rizza
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lía M Randall
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Javier Santos
- IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, and Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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18
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Benhar M. Roles of mammalian glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase enzymes in the cellular response to nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:160-164. [PMID: 29378334 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells employ elaborate antioxidant systems to effectively handle reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). At the heart of these systems operate two selenoprotein families consisting of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes. Although mostly studied in the context of oxidative stress, considerable evidence has amassed to indicate that these selenoenzymes also play important roles in nitrosative stress responses. GPx and TrxR, together with their redox partners, metabolize nitrosothiols and peroxynitrite, two major RNS. As such, these enzymes play active roles in the cellular defense against nitrosative stress. However, under certain conditions, these enzymes are inactivated by nitrosothiols or peroxynitrite, which may exacerbate oxidative and nitrosative stress in cells. The selenol groups in the active sites of GPx and TrxR enzymes are critically involved in these beneficial and detrimental processes. Further elucidation of the biochemical interactions between distinct RNS and GPx/TrxR will lead to a better understanding of the roles of these selenoenzymes in cellular homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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19
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Graham DB, Jasso GJ, Mok A, Goel G, Ng ACY, Kolde R, Varma M, Doench JG, Root DE, Clish CB, Carr SA, Xavier RJ. Nitric Oxide Engages an Anti-inflammatory Feedback Loop Mediated by Peroxiredoxin 5 in Phagocytes. Cell Rep 2018; 24:838-850. [PMID: 30044981 PMCID: PMC6156773 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte microbiocidal mechanisms and inflammatory cytokine production are temporally coordinated, although their respective interdependencies remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a nitric-oxide-mediated antioxidant response as a negative feedback regulator of inflammatory cytokine production in phagocytes. In this context, Keap1 functions as a cellular redox sensor that responds to elevated reactive nitrogen intermediates by eliciting an adaptive transcriptional program controlled by Nrf2 and comprised of antioxidant genes, including Prdx5. We demonstrate that engaging the antioxidant response is sufficient to suppress Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells and that Prdx5 is required for attenuation of inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, these findings delineate the reciprocal regulation of inflammation and cellular redox systems in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Guadalupe J Jasso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amanda Mok
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aylwin C Y Ng
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mukund Varma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Mounting evidence in recent years supports the extensive interaction between the circadian and redox systems. The existence of such a relationship is not surprising because most organisms, be they diurnal or nocturnal, display daily oscillations in energy intake, locomotor activity, and exposure to exogenous and internally generated oxidants. The transcriptional clock controls the levels of many antioxidant proteins and redox-active cofactors, and, conversely, the cellular redox poise has been shown to feed back to the transcriptional oscillator via redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes. However, the circadian cycles in the S-sulfinylation of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) proteins constituted the first example of an autonomous circadian redox oscillation, which occurred independently of the transcriptional clock. Importantly, the high phylogenetic conservation of these rhythms suggests that they might predate the evolution of the transcriptional oscillator, and therefore could be a part of a primordial circadian redox/metabolic oscillator. This discovery forced the reappraisal of the dogmatic transcription-centered view of the clockwork and opened a new avenue of research. Indeed, the investigation into the links between the circadian and redox systems is still in its infancy, and many important questions remain to be addressed.
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21
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol peroxidases with multiple functions in the antioxidant defense and redox signaling network of the cell. Our progressing understanding assigns both local and global significance to plant Prxs, which are grouped in four Prx types. In plants they are localized to the cytosol, mitochondrion, plastid, and nucleus. Antioxidant defense is fundamentally connected to redox signaling, cellular communication, and acclimation. The thiol-disulfide network is central part of the stress sensing and processing response and integrates information input with redox regulation. Recent Advances: Prxs function both as redox sensory system within the network and redox-dependent interactors. The processes directly or indirectly targeted by Prxs include gene expression, post-transcriptional reactions, including translation, post-translational regulation, and switching or tuning of metabolic pathways, and other cell activities. The most advanced knowledge is available for the chloroplast 2-CysPrx wherein recently a solid interactome has been defined. An in silico analysis of protein structure and coexpression reinforces new insights into the 2-CysPrx functionality. CRITICAL ISSUES Up to now, Prxs often have been investigated for local properties of enzyme activity. In vitro and ex vivo work with mutants will reveal the ability of Prxs to interfere with multiple cellular components, including crosstalk with Ca2+-linked signaling pathways, hormone signaling, and protein homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Complementation of the Prxs knockout lines with variants that mimic specific states, namely devoid of peroxidase activity, lacking the oligomerization ability, resembling the hyperoxidized decamer, or with truncated C-terminus, should allow dissecting the roles as thiol peroxidase, oxidant, interaction partner, and chaperone. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 609-624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Maynard
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld , Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Lee ES, Kang CH, Park JH, Lee SY. Physiological Significance of Plant Peroxiredoxins and the Structure-Related and Multifunctional Biochemistry of Peroxiredoxin 1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:625-639. [PMID: 29113450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sessile plants respond to oxidative stress caused by internal and external stimuli by producing diverse forms of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecules. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) in plants, including the Prx1, Prx5, Prx6, and PrxQ isoforms, constitute a family of antioxidant enzymes and play important functions in cells. Each Prx localizes to a specific subcellular compartment and has a distinct function in the control of plant growth, development, cellular metabolism, and various aspects of defense signaling. Recent Advances: Prx1, a typical Prx in plant chloroplasts, has redox-dependent multiple functions. It acts as a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-catalyzing peroxidase, a molecular chaperone, and a biological circadian marker. Prx1 undergoes a functional switching from a peroxidase to a molecular chaperone in response to oxidative stress, concomitant with the structural changes from a low-molecular-weight species to high-molecular-weight complexes mediated by the post-translational modification of its active site Cys residues. The redox status of the protein oscillates diurnally between hyperoxidation and reduction, showing a circadian rhythmic output. These dynamic structural and functional transformations mediate the effect of plant Prx1 on protecting plants from a myriad of harsh environmental stresses. CRITICAL ISSUES The multifunctional diversity of plant Prxs and their roles in cellular defense signaling depends on their specific interaction partners, which remain largely unidentified. Therefore, the identification of Prx-interacting proteins is necessary to clarify their physiological significance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since the functional specificity of the four plant Prx isoforms remains unclear, future studies should focus on investigating the physiological importance of each Prx isotype. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 625-639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Joung Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
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Ahn J, Jang KK, Jo I, Nurhasni H, Lim JG, Yoo JW, Choi SH, Ha NC. Crystal structure of peroxiredoxin 3 from Vibrio vulnificus and its implications for scavenging peroxides and nitric oxide. IUCRJ 2018; 5:82-92. [PMID: 29354274 PMCID: PMC5755580 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251701750x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous cysteine-based peroxidase enzymes. Recently, a new type of Prx, VvPrx3, was identified in the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus as being important for survival in macrophages. It employs only one catalytic cysteine residue to decompose peroxides. Here, crystal structures of VvPrx3 representing its reduced and oxidized states have been determined, together with an H2O2-bound structure, at high resolution. The crystal structure representing the reduced Prx3 showed a typical dimeric interface, called the A-type interface. However, VvPrx3 forms an oligomeric interface mediated by a disulfide bond between two catalytic cysteine residues from two adjacent dimers, which differs from the doughnut-like oligomers that appear in most Prxs. Subsequent biochemical studies showed that this disulfide bond was induced by treatment with nitric oxide (NO) as well as with peroxides. Consistently, NO treatment induced expression of the prx3 gene in V. vulnificus, and VvPrx3 was crucial for the survival of bacteria in the presence of NO. Taken together, the function and mechanism of VvPrx3 in scavenging peroxides and NO stress via oligomerization are proposed. These findings contribute to the understanding of the diverse functions of Prxs during pathogenic processes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ku Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Nurhasni
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gyu Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Koriyama Y, Furukawa A. S-Nitrosylation Regulates Cell Survival and Death in the Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:50-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Transient receptor potential channel 6 regulates abnormal cardiac S-nitrosylation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10763-E10771. [PMID: 29187535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712623114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder with dystrophin loss that results in skeletal and cardiac muscle weakening and early death. Loss of the dystrophin-sarcoglycan complex delocalizes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to alter its signaling, and augments mechanosensitive intracellular Ca2+ influx. The latter has been coupled to hyperactivation of the nonselective cation channel, transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (Trpc6), in isolated myocytes. As Ca2+ also activates NOS, we hypothesized that Trpc6 would help to mediate nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation and that this would be manifest in increased myocardial S-nitrosylation, a posttranslational modification increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and muscle disease. Using a recently developed dual-labeling proteomic strategy, we identified 1,276 S-nitrosylated cysteine residues [S-nitrosothiol (SNO)] on 491 proteins in resting hearts from a mouse model of DMD (dmdmdx:utrn+/-). These largely consisted of mitochondrial proteins, metabolic regulators, and sarcomeric proteins, with 80% of them also modified in wild type (WT). S-nitrosylation levels, however, were increased in DMD. Genetic deletion of Trpc6 in this model (dmdmdx:utrn+/-:trpc6-/-) reversed ∼70% of these changes. Trpc6 deletion also ameliorated left ventricular dilation, improved cardiac function, and tended to reduce fibrosis. Furthermore, under catecholamine stimulation, which also increases NO synthesis and intracellular Ca2+ along with cardiac workload, the hypernitrosylated state remained as it did at baseline. However, the impact of Trpc6 deletion on the SNO proteome became less marked. These findings reveal a role for Trpc6-mediated hypernitrosylation in dmdmdx:utrn+/- mice and support accumulating evidence that implicates nitrosative stress in cardiac and muscle disease.
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Morais MAB, Giuseppe PO, Souza TACB, Castro H, Honorato RV, Oliveira PSL, Netto LES, Tomas AM, Murakami MT. Calcium and magnesium ions modulate the oligomeric state and function of mitochondrial 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in Leishmania parasites. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7023-7039. [PMID: 28292930 PMCID: PMC5409470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites have evolved a number of strategies to cope with the harsh environmental changes during mammalian infection. One of these mechanisms involves the functional gain that allows mitochondrial 2-Cys peroxiredoxins to act as molecular chaperones when forming decamers. This function is critical for parasite infectivity in mammals, and its activation has been considered to be controlled exclusively by the enzyme redox state under physiological conditions. Herein, we have revealed that magnesium and calcium ions play a major role in modulating the ability of these enzymes to act as molecular chaperones, surpassing the redox effect. These ions are directly involved in mitochondrial metabolism and participate in a novel mechanism to stabilize the decameric form of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in Leishmania mitochondria. Moreover, we have demonstrated that a constitutively dimeric Prx1m mutant impairs the survival of Leishmania under heat stress, supporting the central role of the chaperone function of Prx1m for Leishmania parasites during the transition from insect to mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A B Morais
- From the Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila O Giuseppe
- From the Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana A C B Souza
- the Proteomics and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 2135, 81310-020 Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Helena Castro
- the i3S-Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo V Honorato
- From the Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S L Oliveira
- From the Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- the Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of the State of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 14, 05508-090 São Paulo/SP, Brazil, and
| | - Ana M Tomas
- the i3S-Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mario T Murakami
- From the Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, 13083-100 Campinas/SP, Brazil,
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Carvalho LAC, Truzzi DR, Fallani TS, Alves SV, Toledo JC, Augusto O, Netto LES, Meotti FC. Urate hydroperoxide oxidizes human peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8705-8715. [PMID: 28348082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate hydroperoxide is a product of the oxidation of uric acid by inflammatory heme peroxidases. The formation of urate hydroperoxide might be a key event in vascular inflammation, where there is large amount of uric acid and inflammatory peroxidases. Urate hydroperoxide oxidizes glutathione and sulfur-containing amino acids and is expected to react fast toward reactive thiols from peroxiredoxins (Prxs). The kinetics for the oxidation of the cytosolic 2-Cys Prx1 and Prx2 revealed that urate hydroperoxide oxidizes these enzymes at rates comparable with hydrogen peroxide. The second-order rate constants of these reactions were 4.9 × 105 and 2.3 × 106 m-1 s-1 for Prx1 and Prx2, respectively. Kinetic and simulation data suggest that the oxidation of Prx2 by urate hydroperoxide occurs by a three-step mechanism, where the peroxide reversibly associates with the enzyme; then it oxidizes the peroxidatic cysteine, and finally, the rate-limiting disulfide bond is formed. Of relevance, the disulfide bond formation was much slower in Prx2 (k3 = 0.31 s-1) than Prx1 (k3 = 14.9 s-1). In addition, Prx2 was more sensitive than Prx1 to hyperoxidation caused by both urate hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Urate hydroperoxide oxidized Prx2 from intact erythrocytes to the same extent as hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, Prx1 and Prx2 are likely targets of urate hydroperoxide in cells. Oxidation of Prxs by urate hydroperoxide might affect cell function and be partially responsible for the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects of uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela R Truzzi
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP)
| | | | - Simone V Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências (IB-USP), and
| | - José Carlos Toledo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP)
| | - Luís E S Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências (IB-USP), and
| | - Flavia C Meotti
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química (IQUSP),
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28
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Characterization of NO-Induced Nitrosative Status in Human Placenta from Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5629341. [PMID: 28400911 PMCID: PMC5376459 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5629341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of NO production is implicated in pregnancy-related diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The role of NO and its placental targets in GDM pregnancies has yet to be determined. S-Nitrosylation is the NO-derived posttranslational protein modification that can modulate biological functions by forming NO-derived complexes with longer half-life, termed S-nitrosothiol (SNO). Our aim was to examine the presence of endogenous S-nitrosylated proteins in cysteine residues in relation to antioxidant defense, apoptosis, and cellular signal transduction in placental tissue from control (n = 8) and GDM (n = 8) pregnancies. S-Nitrosylation was measured using the biotin-switch assay, while the expression and protein activity were assessed by immunoblotting and colorimetric methods, respectively. Results indicated that catalase and peroxiredoxin nitrosylation levels were greater in GDM placentas, and that was accompanied by reduced catalase activity. S-Nitrosylation of ERK1/2 and AKT was increased in GDM placentas, and their activities were inhibited. Activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased, with the latter also showing diminished nitrosylation levels. These findings suggest that S-nitrosylation is a little-known, but critical, mechanism by which NO directly modulates key placental proteins in women with GDM and, as a consequence, maternal and fetal anomalies during pregnancy can occur.
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29
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Ledgerwood EC, Marshall JW, Weijman JF. The role of peroxiredoxin 1 in redox sensing and transducing. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a major family of peroxidases, with mammalian cells expressing six Prx isoforms (PrxI to PrxVI). Cells produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at various intracellular locations where it can serve as a signaling molecule. Given that Prxs are abundant and possess a structure that renders the cysteine (Cys) residue at the active site highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2, the signaling function of this oxidant requires extensive and highly localized regulation. Recent findings on the reversible regulation of PrxI through phosphorylation at the centrosome and on the hyperoxidation of the Cys at the active site of PrxIII in mitochondria are described in this review as examples of such local regulation of H2O2 signaling. Moreover, their high affinity for and sensitivity to oxidation by H2O2 confer on Prxs the ability to serve as sensors and transducers of H2O2 signaling through transfer of their oxidation state to bound effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
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31
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Guttman O, Freixo-Lima GS, Kaner Z, Lior Y, Rider P, Lewis EC. Context-Specific and Immune Cell-Dependent Antitumor Activities of α1-Antitrypsin. Front Immunol 2016; 7:559. [PMID: 28003813 PMCID: PMC5141363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-antitrypsin (AAT), a circulating glycoprotein that rises during acute phase responses and healthy pregnancies, exhibits immunomodulatory properties in several T-cell-dependent immune pathologies. However, AAT does not directly interfere with T-cell responses; instead, it facilitates polarization of macrophages and dendritic cells towards M2-like and tolerogenic cells, respectively. AAT also allows NK cell responses against tumor cells, while attenuating DC-dependent induction of autoimmune NK cell activities. Since AAT-treated macrophages bear resemblance to cancer-promoting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), it became imperative to examine the possible induction of tumor permissive conditions by AAT. Here, AAT treatment is examined for its effect on tumor development, metastatic spread, and tumor immunology. Systemic AAT treatment of mice inoculated with B16-F10 melanoma cells resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic spread. Using NK cell-resistant RMA cells, we show that AAT interferes with tumor development in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, upon analysis of tumor cellular composition, we identified functional tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells alongside M1-like TAMs in AAT-treated mice. Based on the ability of AAT to undergo chemical modifications, we emulated conditions of elevated reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Indeed, macrophages were stimulated by treatment with nitrosylated AAT, and IFNγ transcripts were significantly elevated in tumors extracted soon after ischemia-reperfusion challenge. These context-specific changes may explain the differential effects of AAT on immune responses towards tumor cells versus benign antigenic targets. These data suggest that systemically elevated levels of AAT may accommodate its physiological function in inflammatory resolution, without compromising tumor-targeting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Guttman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Gabriella S Freixo-Lima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Ziv Kaner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Yotam Lior
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Peleg Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Eli C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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32
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Role of sulfiredoxin as a peroxiredoxin-2 denitrosylase in human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7564-E7571. [PMID: 27821734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608784113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed to protein S-nitrosylation as a critical regulator of cellular redox homeostasis. For example, S-nitrosylation of peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2), a peroxidase widely expressed in mammalian neurons, inhibits both enzymatic activity and protective function against oxidative stress. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we identify a role and reaction mechanism of the reductase sulfiredoxin (Srxn1) as an enzyme that denitrosylates (thus removing -SNO) from Prx2 in an ATP-dependent manner. Accordingly, by decreasing S-nitrosylated Prx2 (SNO-Prx2), overexpression of Srxn1 protects dopaminergic neural cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons from NO-induced hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. The pathophysiological relevance of this observation is suggested by our finding that SNO-Prx2 is dramatically increased in murine and human Parkinson's disease (PD) brains. Our findings therefore suggest that Srxn1 may represent a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders such as PD that involve nitrosative/oxidative stress.
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33
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Benhar M. Application of a Thioredoxin-Trapping Mutant for Analysis of the Cellular Nitrosoproteome. Methods Enzymol 2016; 585:285-294. [PMID: 28109434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide influences a wide range of cellular functions through S-nitrosylation, a redox-dependent posttranslational protein modification that involves attachment of a nitroso moiety to a reactive thiol group. Over the past two decades, S-nitrosylation has emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism for controlling the activity, subcellular localization, and molecular interactions of proteins, thereby influencing many cellular processes. In addition, recent studies have indicated that aberrant S-nitrosylation may lead to cellular dysfunction and damage. Despite significant advances in the field, progress has been hindered by challenges related to the analysis of S-nitrosylation by large-scale proteomic approaches. This chapter describes the application of a thioredoxin-trapping mutant for proteomic analysis of S-nitrosylation. Thioredoxin is a ubiquitous oxidoreductase directly involved in denitrosylation reactions. The presented method relies upon mechanism-based trapping, whereby a recombinant thioredoxin trap mutant captures nitrosylated proteins, which are subsequently isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. This nitrosothiol-trapping procedure can expand upon and complement currently available methods for the analysis of the nitrosoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benhar
- Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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34
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Chung MC, Alem F, Hamer SG, Narayanan A, Shatalin K, Bailey C, Nudler E, Hakami RM. S-nitrosylation of peroxiredoxin 1 contributes to viability of lung epithelial cells during Bacillus anthracis infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3019-3029. [PMID: 27612662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using Bacillus anthracis as a model gram-positive bacterium, we investigated the effects of host protein S-nitrosylation during bacterial infection. B. anthracis possesses a bacterial nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) that is important for its virulence and survival. However, the role of S-nitrosylation of host cell proteins during B. anthracis infection has not been determined. METHODS Nitrosoproteomic analysis of human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) infected with toxigenic B. anthracis Sterne was performed, identifying peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) as one predominant target. Peroxidase activity of Prx during infection was measured using 2-Cys-Peroxiredoxin activity assay. Chaperone activity of S-nitrosylated Prx1 was measured by insulin aggregation assay, and analysis of formation of multimeric species using Native PAGE. Griess assay and DAF-2DA fluorescence assay were used to measure NO production. Cell viability was measured using the Alamar Blue assay and the ATPlite assay (Perkin Elmer). RESULTS S-nitrosylation of Prx1 in Sterne-infected HSAECs leads to a decrease in its peroxidase activity while enhancing its chaperone function. Treatment with bNOS inhibitor, or infection with bNOS deletion strain, reduces S-nitrosylation of Prx1 and decreases host cell survival. Consistent with this, siRNA knockdown of Prx1 lowers bNOS-dependent protection of HSAEC viability. CONCLUSIONS Anthrax infection results in S-nitrosylation of multiple host proteins, including Prx1. The nitrosylation-dependent decrease in peroxidase activity of Prx1 and increase in its chaperone activity is one factor contributing to enhancing infected cell viability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results provide a new venue of mechanistic investigation for inhalational anthrax that could lead to novel and potentially effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chul Chung
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Farhang Alem
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah G Hamer
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Konstantin Shatalin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Bailey
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin M Hakami
- School of Systems Biology, and the National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
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35
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Wu B, Yu H, Wang Y, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Li T, Li L, Zhang W, Ge L, Chen Y, Ho CK, Zhu D, Huang X, Lou Y. Peroxiredoxin-2 nitrosylation facilitates cardiomyogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells via XBP-1s/PI3K pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:179-191. [PMID: 27261193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification in almost all biological systems. However, its function on stem cell biology is so far incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx-2) nitrosylation was involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We found that temporary GSNO exposure could promote ES cell-derived cardiomyogenesis. Using a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics approach, coupled with biotin switch technique, a total of 104 nitrosylated proteins were identified. Specifically, one of the antioxidant enzymes, Prdx-2, was abundantly nitrosylated and temporarily reduced in antioxidant activity, causing transient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and subsequent X-box binding protein-1s/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway activation. The present study reveals the mechanism in which GSNO favors cardiomyocyte differentiation. Prdx-2 nitrosylation could be a potent strategy to affect the pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Ge
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Choe Kyong Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of International Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Haeju Medical University, Haeju, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Danyan Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Yijia Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Science and Technology Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Engelman R, Ziv T, Arnér ESJ, Benhar M. Inhibitory nitrosylation of mammalian thioredoxin reductase 1: Molecular characterization and evidence for its functional role in cellular nitroso-redox imbalance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:375-385. [PMID: 27377780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and the selenoprotein Trx reductase 1 (TrxR1) are key cellular enzymes that function coordinately in thiol-based redox regulation and signaling. Recent studies have revealed that the Trx1/TrxR1 system has an S-nitrosothiol reductase (denitrosylase) activity through which it can regulate nitric oxide-related cellular processes. In this study we revealed that TrxR1 is itself susceptible to nitrosylation, characterized the underlying mechanism, and explored its functional significance. We found that nitrosothiol or nitric oxide donating agents rapidly and effectively inhibited the activity of recombinant or endogenous TrxR1. In particular, the NADPH-reduced TrxR1 was partially and reversibly inhibited upon exposure to low concentrations (<10μM) of S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) and markedly and continuously inhibited at higher doses. Concurrently, TrxR1 very efficiently reduced low, but not high, levels of CysNO. Biochemical and mass spectrometric analyses indicated that its active site selenocysteine residue renders TrxR1 highly susceptible to nitrosylation-mediated inhibition, and revealed both thiol and selenol modifications at the two redox active centers of the enzyme. Studies in HeLa cancer cells demonstrated that endogenous TrxR1 is sensitive to nitrosylation-dependent inactivation and pointed to an important role for glutathione in reversing or preventing this process. Notably, depletion of cellular glutathione with l-buthionine-sulfoximine synergized with nitrosating agents in promoting sustained nitrosylation and inactivation of TrxR1, events that were accompanied by significant oxidation of Trx1 and extensive cell death. Collectively, these findings expand our knowledge of the role and regulation of the mammalian Trx system in relation to cellular nitroso-redox imbalance. The observations raise the possibility of exploiting the nitrosylation susceptibility of TrxR1 for killing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center and Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Zhang H, He D, Yu J, Li M, Damaris RN, Gupta R, Kim ST, Yang P. Analysis of dynamic protein carbonylation in rice embryo during germination through AP-SWATH. Proteomics 2016; 16:989-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dongli He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Jianlan Yu
- Asia Pacific Application Support Center; AB Sciex; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Rebecca Njeri Damaris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience; College of Natural Resources & Life Science; Pusan National University; Miryang Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience; College of Natural Resources & Life Science; Pusan National University; Miryang Korea
| | - Pingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture; Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan P. R. China
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38
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Myers CR. Enhanced targeting of mitochondrial peroxide defense by the combined use of thiosemicarbazones and inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:81-92. [PMID: 26686468 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3) accounts for about 90% of mitochondrial peroxidase activity, and its marked upregulation in many cancers is important for cell survival. Prx3 oxidation can critically alter peroxide signaling and defense and can be a seminal event in promoting cell death. Here it is shown that this mechanism can be exploited pharmacologically by combinations of clinically available drugs that compromise Prx3 function in different ways. Clinically relevant levels of the thiosemicarbazone iron chelators triapine (Tp) and 2,2'-Dipyridyl-N,N-dimethylsemicarbazone (Dp44mT) promote selective oxidation of mitochondrial Prx3, but not cytosolic Prx1, in multiple human lung and ovarian cancer lines. Decreased cell survival closely correlates with Prx3 oxidation. However, Prx3 oxidation is not merely an indicator of cell death as cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin do not cause Prx3 oxidation. The siRNA-mediated suppression of either Prx3 or thioredoxin-2, which supports Prx3, enhances Tp's cytotoxicity. Tp-mediated Prx3 oxidation is driven by enhanced peroxide generation, but not by nitric oxide. Many tumors overexpress thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) which supports Prx activity. Direct inhibitors of TrxR (e.g. auranofin, cisplatin) markedly enhanced Tp's cytotoxicity, and auranofin enhanced Prx3 oxidation by low dose Tp. Together, these results support an important role for Prx3 oxidation in the cytotoxicity of Tp, and demonstrate that TrxR inhibitors can significantly enhance Tp's cytotoxicity. Thiosemicarbazone-based regimens could prove effective for targeting Prx3 in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Chaki M, Valderrama R, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Antioxidant Systems are Regulated by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Post-translational Modifications (NO-PTMs). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:152. [PMID: 26909095 PMCID: PMC4754464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a biological messenger that orchestrates a plethora of plant functions, mainly through post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosylation or tyrosine nitration. In plants, hundreds of proteins have been identified as potential targets of these NO-PTMs under physiological and stress conditions indicating the relevance of NO in plant-signaling mechanisms. Among these NO protein targets, there are different antioxidant enzymes involved in the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, which is also a signal molecule. This highlights the close relationship between ROS/NO signaling pathways. The major plant antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutases (SODs) peroxiredoxins (Prx) and all the enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (Asa-GSH) cycle, have been shown to be modulated to different degrees by NO-PTMs. This mini-review will update the recent knowledge concerning the interaction of NO with these antioxidant enzymes, with a special focus on the components of the Asa-GSH cycle and their physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Capilla Mata-Pérez
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - María N. Padilla
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of JaénJaén, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan B. Barroso,
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Nitric oxide and the thioredoxin system: a complex interplay in redox regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cebula M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:823-53. [PMID: 26058897 PMCID: PMC4589110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All cells must maintain a balance between oxidants and reductants, while allowing for fluctuations in redox states triggered by signaling, altered metabolic flow, or extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, they must be able to rapidly sense and react to various challenges that would disrupt the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Many studies have identified Keap1 as a key sensor for oxidative or electrophilic stress, with modification of Keap1 by oxidation or electrophiles triggering Nrf2-mediated transcriptional induction of enzymes supporting reductive and detoxification pathways. However, additional mechanisms for Nrf2 regulation are likely to exist upstream of, or in parallel with, Keap1. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we propose that the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a potent regulator of Nrf2. A high chemical reactivity of TrxR1 and its vital role for the thioredoxin (Trx) system distinguishes TrxR1 as a prime target for electrophilic challenges. Chemical modification of the selenocysteine (Sec) in TrxR1 by electrophiles leads to rapid inhibition of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity, often combined with induction of NADPH oxidase activity of the derivatized enzyme, thereby affecting many downstream redox pathways. The notion of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 is supported by many publications on effects in human cells of selenium deficiency, oxidative stress or electrophile exposure, as well as the phenotypes of genetic mouse models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigation of the role of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 activation will facilitate further studies of redox control in diverse cells and tissues of mammals, and possibly also in animals of other classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Siernicka M, Winiarska M, Bajor M, Firczuk M, Muchowicz A, Bobrowicz M, Fauriat C, Golab J, Olive D, Zagozdzon R. Adenanthin, a new inhibitor of thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, impairs the effector functions of human natural killer cells. Immunology 2015; 146:173-83. [PMID: 26094816 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered critical components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Deficiencies in NK cell activity are common, such as those that occur in cancer patients, and they can be responsible for dysfunctional immune surveillance. Persistent oxidative stress is intrinsic to many malignant tumours, and numerous studies have focused on the effects of reactive oxygen species on the anti-tumour activity of NK cells. Indeed, investigations in animal models have suggested that one of the most important thiol-dependent antioxidant enzymes, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), is essential for NK cell function. In this work, our analysis of the transcriptomic expression pattern of antioxidant enzymes in human NK cells has identified PRDX1 as the most prominently induced transcript out of the 18 transcripts evaluated in activated NK cells. The change in PRDX1 expression was followed by increased expression of two other enzymes from the PRDX-related antioxidant chain: thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. To study the role of thiol-dependent antioxidants in more detail, we applied a novel compound, adenanthin, to induce an abrupt dysfunction of the PRDX-related antioxidant chain in NK cells. In human primary NK cells, we observed profound alterations in spontaneous and antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, impaired degranulation, and a decreased expression of activation markers under these conditions. Collectively, our study pinpoints the unique role for the antioxidant activity of the PRDX-related enzymatic chain in human NK cell functions. Further understanding this phenomenon will prospectively lead to fine-tuning of the novel NK-targeted therapeutic approaches to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Siernicka
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bajor
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Olive
- IBiSA Cancer Immunomonitoring Platform, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Sevilla F, Camejo D, Ortiz-Espín A, Calderón A, Lázaro JJ, Jiménez A. The thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin/sulfiredoxin system: current overview on its redox function in plants and regulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2945-55. [PMID: 25873657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the presence of thioredoxin (Trx), peroxiredoxin (Prx), and sulfiredoxin (Srx) has been reported as a component of a redox system involved in the control of dithiol-disulfide exchanges of target proteins, which modulate redox signalling during development and stress adaptation. Plant thiols, and specifically redox state and regulation of thiol groups of cysteinyl residues in proteins and transcription factors, are emerging as key components in the plant response to almost all stress conditions. They function in both redox sensing and signal transduction pathways. Scarce information exists on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding Trx/Prx and on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control exercised by these proteins on their putative targets. As another point of control, post-translational regulation of the proteins, such as S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation, is of increasing interest for its effect on protein structure and function. Special attention is given to the involvement of the Trx/Prx/Srx system and its redox state in plant signalling under stress, more specifically under abiotic stress conditions, as an important cue that influences plant yield and growth. This review focuses on the regulation of Trx and Prx through cysteine S-oxidation and/or S-nitrosylation, which affects their functionality. Some examples of redox regulation of transcription factors and Trx- and Prx-related genes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ortiz-Espín
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Calderón
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ, CSIC, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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44
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Yang H, Mu J, Chen L, Feng J, Hu J, Li L, Zhou JM, Zuo J. S-nitrosylation positively regulates ascorbate peroxidase activity during plant stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1604-15. [PMID: 25667317 PMCID: PMC4378166 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two classes of key signaling molecules involved in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. The burst of NO and ROS triggered by various stimuli activates downstream signaling pathways to cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay of NO and ROS plays a critical role in regulating stress responses. However, the underpinning molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NO positively regulates the activity of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase1 (APX1). We found that S-nitrosylation of APX1 at cysteine (Cys)-32 enhances its enzymatic activity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide, leading to the increased resistance to oxidative stress, whereas a substitution mutation at Cys-32 causes the reduction of ascorbate peroxidase activity and abolishes its responsiveness to the NO-enhanced enzymatic activity. Moreover, S-nitrosylation of APX1 at Cys-32 also plays an important role in regulating immune responses. These findings illustrate a unique mechanism by which NO regulates hydrogen peroxide homeostasis in plants, thereby establishing a molecular link between NO and ROS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jinye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jiliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
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45
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Morais MAB, Giuseppe PO, Souza TACB, Alegria TGP, Oliveira MA, Netto LES, Murakami MT. How pH modulates the dimer-decamer interconversion of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins from the Prx1 subfamily. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8582-90. [PMID: 25666622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins belonging to the Prx1 subfamily are Cys-based peroxidases that control the intracellular levels of H2O2 and seem to assume a chaperone function under oxidative stress conditions. The regulation of their peroxidase activity as well as the observed functional switch from peroxidase to chaperone involves changes in their quaternary structure. Multiple factors can modulate the oligomeric transitions of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins such as redox state, post-translational modifications, and pH. However, the molecular basis for the pH influence on the oligomeric state of these enzymes is still elusive. Herein, we solved the crystal structure of a typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from Leishmania in the dimeric (pH 8.5) and decameric (pH 4.4) forms, showing that conformational changes in the catalytic loop are associated with the pH-induced decamerization. Mutagenesis and biophysical studies revealed that a highly conserved histidine (His(113)) functions as a pH sensor that, at acidic conditions, becomes protonated and forms an electrostatic pair with Asp(76) from the catalytic loop, triggering the decamerization. In these 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, decamer formation is important for the catalytic efficiency and has been associated with an enhanced sensitivity to oxidative inactivation by overoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine. In eukaryotic cells, exposure to high levels of H2O2 can trigger intracellular pH variations, suggesting that pH changes might act cooperatively with H2O2 and other oligomerization-modulator factors to regulate the structure and function of typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A B Morais
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas/SP, 13083-970
| | - Priscila O Giuseppe
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas/SP, 13083-970
| | - Tatiana A C B Souza
- the Laboratório de Proteômica e Engenharia de Proteínas, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba/PR, 81350-010
| | - Thiago G P Alegria
- the Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, 05508-900, and
| | - Marcos A Oliveira
- the Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente/SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Luis E S Netto
- the Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, 05508-900, and
| | - Mario T Murakami
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas/SP, 13083-970,
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Kronenfeld G, Engelman R, Weisman-Shomer P, Atlas D, Benhar M. Thioredoxin-mimetic peptides as catalysts of S-denitrosylation and anti-nitrosative stress agents. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:138-46. [PMID: 25483557 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the coupling of a nitric oxide moiety to a reactive cysteine residue to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is an important posttranslational mechanism for regulating protein activity. Growing evidence indicates that hyper-S-nitrosylation may contribute to cellular dysfunction associated with various human diseases. It is also increasingly appreciated that thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase play significant roles in the cellular catabolism of SNO and protection from nitrosative stress. Here, we investigated the SNO reductase activity and protective effects of thioredoxin-mimetic peptides (TXMs), Ac-Cys-Pro-Cys-amide (CB3) and Ac-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-amide (CB4), both under cell-free conditions and in nitrosatively stressed cultured cells. In vitro biochemical analyses revealed that the TXM peptides reduced small-molecule SNO compounds, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), and acted as general and efficient protein-denitrosylating agents. In particular, CB3 was found to be a highly potent SNO-metabolizing agent. Notably, CB3 mimicked the activity of thioredoxin by coupling with thioredoxin reductase to enhance GSNO reduction. Moreover, in a cell-free lysate system, both CB3 and CB4 synergized with an NADPH-dependent activity to denitrosylate proteins. Further investigation revealed that the TXM peptides protect the peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system from SNO-dependent inhibition. Indeed, SNO-inhibited Prx1 was efficiently denitrosylated and reactivated by CB3 or CB4. In addition, CB3 protected thioredoxin reductase from SNO-mediated inactivation both in vitro and in intact cells. Finally, CB3 and CB4 partially rescued human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and rat insulinoma INS-1 832/13 cells from GSNO-induced growth inhibition. Collectively, the present findings indicate the efficient denitrosylation activity and protective effects of TXM peptides and suggest their potential therapeutic value in treating pathological conditions related to nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Kronenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Rotem Engelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Pnina Weisman-Shomer
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Isakov E, Weisman-Shomer P, Benhar M. Suppression of the pro-inflammatory NLRP3/interleukin-1β pathway in macrophages by the thioredoxin reductase inhibitor auranofin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3153-61. [PMID: 25065288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system, which is best known for its essential role in antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis, is increasingly implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular signaling pathways. In the present study, we asked if the thioredoxin system in macrophages might regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent gene expression and consequent responses. METHODS Using microarray analysis we analyzed the effect of auranofin, a highly potent and specific inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, on the transcriptional program activated in J774 macrophages by the TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, ELISA and cytotoxicity assays to confirm and extend the microarray results. RESULTS Global transcriptional profiling revealed that macrophage treatment with auranofin exerted a selective effect on LPS-induced gene expression, suppressing the induction of a small number of genes. Interestingly, among these suppressed genes were three members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of genes, among which IL-1β was most affected. qPCR analyses confirmed the repressive effects of auranofin on IL-1 genes. In addition, qPCR and Western blot analyses showed that auranofin impaired TLR4-dependent induction of the inflammasome receptor NLRP3, which plays a critical role in IL-1β processing. Consistent with these findings, inflammasome-dependent release of IL-1β from stimulated macrophages was suppressed by auranofin as was inflammasome-mediated cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a regulatory role for the thioredoxin system in macrophage inflammatory signaling. Inhibition of the thioredoxin system in macrophages exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by repressing the activation of the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Isakov
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pnina Weisman-Shomer
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of thiol peroxidases that participate in hydroperoxide detoxification and regulates H2O2 signaling. In mammals, the four typical 2-Cys Prxs (Prxs 1, 2, 3 and 4) are known to regulate H2O2-mediated intracellular signaling. The 2 catalytic cysteines of 2-Cys Prxs, the so-called peroxidatic and resolving cysteines, are regulatory switches that are prone to react with redox signaling molecules. We investigated the respective modifications induced by H2O2, NO and H2S in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting after separating 2-Cys Prxs by one-dimensional or two-dimensional PAGE. We found that H2S, unlike NO, does not prevent H2O2-mediated sulfinylation of 2-Cys Prxs and that Prx2 is more sensitive to NO-mediated protection against sulfinylation by peroxides. We also observed that cells exposed to exogenous NO, released by Cys-SNO or DETA-NO, or producing NO upon stimulation by IFN-γ and LPS, present an acidic form of Prx1 whose modification is consistent with S-homocysteinylation of its peroxidatic cysteine. NO and H2O2 differently modify 2-Cys peroxiredoxins. Prx1 is more prone to modifications by NO than the other 2-Cys Prxs. NO promotes S-homocysteinylation of Prx1 peroxidatic cysteine.
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Randall LM, Manta B, Hugo M, Gil M, Batthyàny C, Trujillo M, Poole LB, Denicola A. Nitration transforms a sensitive peroxiredoxin 2 into a more active and robust peroxidase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15536-43. [PMID: 24719319 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.539213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are efficient thiol-dependent peroxidases and key players in the mechanism of H2O2-induced redox signaling. Any structural change that could affect their redox state, oligomeric structure, and/or interaction with other proteins could have a significant impact on the cascade of signaling events. Several post-translational modifications have been reported to modulate Prx activity. One of these, overoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine to the sulfinic derivative, inactivates the enzyme and has been proposed as a mechanism of H2O2 accumulation in redox signaling (the floodgate hypothesis). Nitration of Prx has been reported in vitro as well as in vivo; in particular, nitrated Prx2 was identified in brains of Alzheimer disease patients. In this work we characterize Prx2 tyrosine nitration, a post-translational modification on a noncatalytic residue that increases its peroxidase activity and its resistance to overoxidation. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that treatment of disulfide-oxidized Prx2 with excess peroxynitrite renders mainly mononitrated and dinitrated species. Tyrosine 193 of the YF motif at the C terminus, associated with the susceptibility toward overoxidation of eukaryotic Prx, was identified as nitrated and is most likely responsible for the protection of the peroxidatic cysteine against oxidative inactivation. Kinetic analyses suggest that tyrosine nitration facilitates the intermolecular disulfide formation, transforming a sensitive Prx into a robust one. Thus, tyrosine nitration appears as another mechanism to modulate these enzymes in the complex network of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía M Randall
- From the Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, the Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Manta
- From the Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, the Laboratorio de Biología Redox de Tripanosomas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Hugo
- the Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Gil
- the Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, the Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay, and
| | - Carlos Batthyàny
- the Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay, the Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- the Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay, the Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leslie B Poole
- the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ana Denicola
- From the Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, the Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11100, Uruguay,
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50
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Peroxiredoxins as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:906-12. [PMID: 23939310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a class of abundant thiol peroxidases that degrade hydroperoxides to water. Prxs are sensitive to oxidation, and it is hypothesized that they also act as redox sensors. The accumulation of oxidized Prxs may indicate disruption of cellular redox homeostasis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses the biochemical properties of the Prxs that make them suitable as endogenous biomarkers of oxidative stress, and describes the methodology available for measuring Prx oxidation in biological systems. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Two Prx oxidation products accumulate in cells under increased oxidative stress: an intermolecular disulfide and a hyperoxidized form. Methodologies are available for measuring both of these redox states, and oxidation has been reported in cells and tissues under oxidative stress from external or internal sources. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Monitoring the oxidation state of Prxs provides insight into disturbances of cellular redox homeostasis, and complements the use of exogenous probes of oxidative stress. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
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