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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Thöny B, Ng J, Kurian MA, Mills P, Martinez A. Mouse models for inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:533-550. [PMID: 38168036 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to expand, current defects in corresponding mouse models include enzymes and a molecular co-chaperone involved in monoamine synthesis and metabolism (PAH, TH, PITX3, AADC, DBH, MAOA, DNAJC6), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor synthesis and recycling (adGTPCH1/DRD, arGTPCH1, PTPS, SR, DHPR), and vitamin B6 cofactor deficiency (ALDH7A1), as well as defective monoamine neurotransmitter packaging (VMAT1, VMAT2) and reuptake (DAT). No mouse models are available for human DNAJC12 co-chaperone and PNPO-B6 deficiencies, disorders associated with recessive variants that result in decreased stability and function of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and decreased neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively. More than one mutant mouse is available for some of these defects, which is invaluable as different variant-specific (knock-in) models may provide more insights into underlying mechanisms of disorders, while complete gene inactivation (knock-out) models often have limitations in terms of recapitulating complex human diseases. While these mouse models have common phenotypic traits also observed in patients, reflecting the defective homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, they also present with disease-specific manifestations with toxic accumulation or deficiency of specific metabolites related to the specific gene affected. This review provides an overview of the currently available models and may give directions toward selecting existing models or generating new ones to investigate novel pathogenic mechanisms and precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Ng
- Genetic Therapy Accelerator Centre, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Dayal S, Chaubey D, Joshi DC, Ranmale S, Pillai B. Noncoding RNAs: Emerging regulators of behavioral complexity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1847. [PMID: 38702948 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), ranging in size from about 20 nucleotides (microRNAs or miRNAs) to kilobases (long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs). ncRNAs contribute to a layer of gene regulation that could explain the evolution of massive phenotypic complexity even as the number of protein-coding genes remains unaltered. We propose that low conservation, poor expression, and highly restricted spatiotemporal expression patterns-conventionally considered ncRNAs may affect behavior through direct, rapid, and often sustained regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or translational levels. Besides these direct roles, their effect during neurodevelopment may manifest as behavioral changes later in the organism's life, especially when exposed to environmental cues like stress and seasonal changes. The lncRNAs affect behavior through diverse mechanisms like sponging of miRNAs, recruitment of chromatin modifiers, and regulation of alternative splicing. We highlight the need for synthesis between rigorously designed behavioral paradigms in model organisms and the wide diversity of behaviors documented by ethologists through field studies on organisms exquisitely adapted to their environmental niche. Comparative genomics and the latest advancements in transcriptomics provide an unprecedented scope for merging field and lab studies on model and non-model organisms to shed light on the role of ncRNAs in driving the behavioral responses of individuals and groups. We touch upon the technical challenges and contentious issues that must be resolved to fully understand the role of ncRNAs in regulating complex behavioral traits. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanovar Dayal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Divya Chaubey
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dheeraj Chandra Joshi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Samruddhi Ranmale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Beena Pillai
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Minniti ML, Kalantari S, Pasca L, Bruno S, Arceri S, Novello E, Giorgio E, Rizzo V, Borgatti R, Valente EM, Pisani A, Orcesi S, Sirchia F. Expanding the phenotype of Brunner syndrome from childhood to adulthood: Description of the second pediatric patient and his mother. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:82-87. [PMID: 37750385 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Brunner syndrome is a recessive X-linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). It is characterized by distinctive aggressive behavior, mild intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, and typical biochemical alterations deriving from the impaired monoamine metabolism. We herein describe a 5-year-old boy with developmental delay, autistic features, and myoclonic epilepsy, and his mother, who had mild intellectual disability and recurrent episodes of palpitations, headache, abdominal pain, and abdominal bloating. Whole exome sequencing allowed detection of the maternally-inherited variant c.410A>G, (p.Glu137Gly) in the MAOA gene. The subsequent biochemical studies confirmed the MAOA deficiency both in the child and his mother. Given the serotonergic symptoms associated with high serotonin levels found in the mother, treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dietary modifications were carried out, resulting in regression of the biochemical abnormalities and partial reduction of symptoms. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Brunner disease, bringing new perspectives on the behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotype from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Minniti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pasca
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Novello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neurogenetics Research Center, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neurogenetics Research Center, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS, Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Sharma R, Kumarasamy M, Parihar VK, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Monoamine Oxidase: A Potential Link in Papez Circuit to Generalized Anxiety Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:638-655. [PMID: 37055898 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230412105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a common mental illness that affects a large number of people around the world, and its treatment is often based on the use of pharmacological substances such as benzodiazepines, serotonin, and 5-hydroxytyrosine (MAO) neurotransmitters. MAO neurotransmitters levels are deciding factors in the biological effects. This review summarizes the current understanding of the MAO system and its role in the modulation of anxiety-related brain circuits and behavior. The MAO-A polymorphisms have been implicated in the susceptibility to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in several investigations. The 5-HT system is involved in a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes, involving anxiety, aggressiveness, stress reactions, and other elements of emotional intensity. Among these, 5-HT, NA, and DA are the traditional 5-HT neurons that govern a range of biological activities, including sleep, alertness, eating, thermoregulation, pains, emotion, and memory, as anticipated considering their broad projection distribution in distinct brain locations. The DNMTs (DNA methyltransferase) protein family, which increasingly leads a prominent role in epigenetics, is connected with lower transcriptional activity and activates DNA methylation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in the elucidation of the brain's complex functions in the regulation of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikant Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali- 844102, Bihar, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali-844102, Bihar, India
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Alunni A, Pierre C, Torres-Paz J, Clairet N, Langlumé A, Pavie M, Escoffier-Pirouelle T, Leblanc M, Blin M, Rétaux S. An Astyanax mexicanus mao knockout line uncovers the developmental roles of monoamine homeostasis in fish brain. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:517-533. [PMID: 37843474 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoaminergic systems are conserved in vertebrates, yet they present variations in neuroanatomy, genetic components and functions across species. MonoAmine Oxidase, or MAO, is the enzyme responsible for monoamine degradation. While mammals possess two genes, MAO-A and MAO-B, fish possess one single mao gene. To study the function of MAO and monoamine homeostasis on fish brain development and physiology, here we have generated a mao knockout line in Astyanax mexicanus (surface fish), by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Homozygote mao knockout larvae died at 13 days post-fertilization. Through a time-course analysis, we report that hypothalamic serotonergic neurons undergo fine and dynamic regulation of serotonin level upon loss of mao function, in contrast to those in the raphe, which showed continuously increased serotonin levels - as expected. Dopaminergic neurons were not affected by mao loss-of-function. At behavioral level, knockout fry showed a transient decrease in locomotion that followed the variations in the hypothalamus serotonin neuronal levels. Finally, we discovered a drastic effect of mao knockout on brain progenitors proliferation in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, including a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and an increase of the cell cycle length. Altogether, our results show that MAO has multiple and varied effects on Astyanax mexicanus brain development. Mostly, they bring novel support to the idea that serotonergic neurons in the hypothalamus and raphe of the fish brain are different in nature and identity, and they unravel a link between monoaminergic homeostasis and brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alunni
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Constance Pierre
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Natacha Clairet
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Auriane Langlumé
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Marie Pavie
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | | | - Michael Leblanc
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Maryline Blin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
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Konjevod M, Sreter KB, Popovic-Grle S, Lampalo M, Tudor L, Jukic I, Nedic Erjavec G, Bingulac-Popovic J, Safic Stanic H, Nikolac Perkovic M, Markeljevic J, Samarzija M, Pivac N, Svob Strac D. Platelet Serotonin (5-HT) Concentration, Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) Activity and HTR2A, HTR2C, and MAOB Gene Polymorphisms in Asthma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050800. [PMID: 37238670 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex role of the serotonin system in respiratory function and inflammatory diseases such as asthma is unclear. Our study investigated platelet serotonin (5-HT) levels and platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity, as well as associations with HTR2A (rs6314; rs6313), HTR2C (rs3813929; rs518147), and MAOB (rs1799836; rs6651806) gene polymorphisms in 120 healthy individuals and 120 asthma patients of different severity and phenotypes. Platelet 5-HT concentration was significantly lower, while platelet MAO-B activity was considerably higher in asthma patients; however, they did not differ between patients with different asthma severity or phenotypes. Only the healthy subjects, but not the asthma patients, carrying the MAOB rs1799836 TT genotype had significantly lower platelet MAO-B activity than the C allele carriers. No significant differences in the frequency of the genotypes, alleles, or haplotypes for any of the investigated HTR2A, HTR2C and MAOB gene polymorphisms have been observed between asthma patients and healthy subjects or between patients with various asthma phenotypes. However, the carriers of the HTR2C rs518147 CC genotype or C allele were significantly less frequent in severe asthma patients than in the G allele carriers. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the involvement of the serotonergic system in asthma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Konjevod
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katherina B Sreter
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Popovic-Grle
- Clinic for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Lampalo
- Clinic for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Jukic
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Markeljevic
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samarzija
- Clinic for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Sciences "Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina", 49000 Krapina, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Heger J, Szabados T, Brosinsky P, Bencsik P, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R. Sex Difference in Cardioprotection against Acute Myocardial Infarction in MAO-B Knockout Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076443. [PMID: 37047416 PMCID: PMC10094730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (KO) of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, an enzyme involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. Because sex hormones have a strong impact on MAO metabolic pathways, we analyzed the myocardial infarct size (IS) following I/R in female and male MAO-B KO mice in vivo. Method and Results: To induce the deletion of MAO-B, MAO-B KO mice (Myh6 Cre+/MAO-Bfl/fl) and wild-type (WT, Cre-negative MAO-Bfl/fl littermates) were fed with tamoxifen for 2 weeks followed by 10 weeks of normal mice chow. Myocardial infarction (assessed by TTC staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk as determined by Evans blue staining)) was induced by 45 min coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Results: The mortality following I/R was higher in male compared to female mice, with the lowest mortality found in MAO-B KO female mice. IS was significantly higher in male WT mice compared to female WT mice. MAO-B KO reduced IS in male mice but had no further impact on IS in female MAO-B KO mice. Interestingly, there was no difference in the plasma estradiol levels among the groups. Conclusion: The cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of MAO-B protects male mice against acute myocardial infarction but had no effect on the infarct size in female mice.
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Syu GD, Sutandy FXR, Chen K, Cheng Y, Chen CS, Shih JC. Autoantibody profiling of monoamine oxidase A knockout mice, an autism spectrum disorder model. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:193-200. [PMID: 36243286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is the critical enzyme to degrade serotonin in the brain and the knockout mouse exhibits hyperserotonemia and abnormalities that are observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the MAO A knockout mouse is a valuable model for studying neurological and behavioral impairments in ASD. Based on the immune dysfunction hypothesis, dysregulated humoral immunity may cause neurological impairments. To address this hypothesis, we use high-density proteome microarray to profile the serum antibodies in both wild-type and MAO A knockout mice. The distingue autoantibody signatures were observed in the MAO A knockout and wild-type controls and showed 165 up-regulated and 232 down-regulated autoantibodies. The up-regulated autoantibodies were prone to target brain tissues while down-regulated ones were enriched in sex organs. The identified autoantibodies help bridge the gap between ASD mouse models and humoral immunity, not only yielding insights into the pathological mechanisms but also providing potential biomarkers for translational research in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - F X Reymond Sutandy
- Institute for Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B reduces atherosclerosis and fatty liver in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:17-30. [PMID: 36416117 PMCID: PMC9810528 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is vital for pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important source of oxidative stress in the vascular system and liver. However, the effect of MAO inhibition on atherosclerosis and NAFLD has not been explored. In the present study, MAO A and B expressions were increased in atherosclerotic plaques in human and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. Inhibition of MAO B (by deprenyl), but not MAO A (by clorgyline), reduced the atheroma area in the thoracic aorta and aortic sinus in ApoE-deficient mice fed the cholesterol-enriched diet for 15 weeks. MAO B inhibition attenuated oxidative stress, expression of adhesion molecules, production of inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques and decreased plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations. MAO B inhibition had no therapeutic effect on restenosis in the femoral artery wire-induced injury model in C57BL/6 mice. In the NAFLD mouse model, MAO B inhibition reduced lipid droplet deposition in the liver and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diets for 10 weeks. Key enzymes for triglyceride and cholesterol biosynthesis (fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGCR) and inflammatory markers were inhibited, and cholesterol clearance was up-regulated (increased LDL receptor expression and reduced proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PCSK9, expression) by MAO B inhibition in the liver. These results were also demonstrated in the HepG2 liver cell model. Our data suggest that MAO B inhibition is a potential and novel treatment for atherosclerosis and NAFLD.
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Lapierre JA, Geary LA, Jang JK, Epstein AL, Hong F, Shih JC. Deletion of monoamine oxidase A in a prostate cancer model enhances anti-tumor immunity through reduced immune suppression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Lee JM, Sa M, An H, Kim JMJ, Kwon J, Yoon BE, Lee CJ. Generation of Astrocyte-Specific MAOB Conditional Knockout Mouse with Minimal Tonic GABA Inhibition. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:158-172. [PMID: 35786639 PMCID: PMC9272118 DOI: 10.5607/en22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is a key enzyme for GABA production in astrocytes in several brain regions. To date, the role of astrocytic MAOB has been studied in MAOB null knockout (KO) mice, although MAOB is expressed throughout the body. Therefore, there has been a need for genetically engineered mice in which only astrocytic MAOB is targeted. Here, we generated an astrocyte-specific MAOB conditional KO (cKO) mouse line and characterized it in the cerebellar and striatal regions of the brain. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique, we generated Maob floxed mice (B6-Maobem1Cjl/Ibs) which have floxed exons 2 and 3 of Maob with two loxP sites. By crossing these mice with hGFAP-CreERT2, we obtained Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice which have a property of tamoxifen-inducible ablation of Maob under the human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. When we treated Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice with tamoxifen for 5 consecutive days, MAOB and GABA immunoreactivity were significantly reduced in striatal astrocytes as well as in Bergmann glia and lamellar astrocytes in the cerebellum, compared to sunflower oil-injected control mice. Moreover, astrocyte-specific MAOB cKO led to a 74.6% reduction in tonic GABA currents from granule cells and a 76.8% reduction from medium spiny neurons. Our results validate that astrocytic MAOB is a critical enzyme for the synthesis of GABA in astrocytes. We propose that this new mouse line could be widely used in studies of various brain diseases to elucidate the pathological role of astrocytic MAOB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Moonsun Sa
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | | | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
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13
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Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 34996979 PMCID: PMC8742005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters and trace amines. MAO has two subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B) that are encoded by different genes. In the brain, MAO-B is highly expressed in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT); however, its substrate in PVT remains unclear. To identify the MAO-B substrate in PVT, we generated Maob knockout (KO) mice and measured five candidate substrates (i.e., noradrenaline, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, and phenethylamine [PEA]) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We showed that only PEA levels were markedly elevated in the PVT of Maob KO mice. To exclude the influence of peripheral MAO-B deficiency, we developed brain-specific Maob KO mice, finding that PEA in the PVT was increased in brain-specific Maob KO mice, whereas the extent of PEA increase was less than that in global Maob KO mice. Given that plasma PEA levels were elevated in global KO mice, but not in brain–specific KO mice, and that PEA passes across the blood–brain barrier, the substantial accumulation of PEA in the PVT of Maob KO mice was likely due to the increase in plasma PEA. These data suggest that PEA is a substrate of MAO-B in the PVT as well as other tissues.
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14
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Al Omran AJ, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social isolation induces neuroinflammation and microglia overactivation, while dihydromyricetin prevents and improves them. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34983568 PMCID: PMC8724741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country's mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety-like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus-maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. RESULTS Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to improve neuroinflammation induced by anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahra J Al Omran
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amy S Shao
- Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Saki Watanabe
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chen Xue
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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15
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van Rhijn JR, Shi Y, Bormann M, Mossink B, Frega M, Recaioglu H, Hakobjan M, Klein Gunnewiek T, Schoenmaker C, Palmer E, Faivre L, Kittel-Schneider S, Schubert D, Brunner H, Franke B, Nadif Kasri N. Brunner syndrome associated MAOA mutations result in NMDAR hyperfunction and increased network activity in human dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 163:105587. [PMID: 34923109 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter abundance affects motor control, emotion, and cognitive function and is regulated by monoamine oxidases. Among these, Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) catalyzes the degradation of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin into their inactive metabolites. Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked MAOA gene have been associated with Brunner syndrome, which is characterized by various forms of impulsivity, maladaptive externalizing behavior, and mild intellectual disability. Impaired MAOA activity in individuals with Brunner syndrome results in bioamine aberration, but it is currently unknown how this affects neuronal function, specifically in dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Here we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived DA neurons from three individuals with Brunner syndrome carrying different mutations and characterized neuronal properties at the single cell and neuronal network level in vitro. DA neurons of Brunner syndrome patients showed reduced synaptic density but exhibited hyperactive network activity. Intrinsic functional properties and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission were not affected in DA neurons of individuals with Brunner syndrome. Instead, we show that the neuronal network hyperactivity is mediated by upregulation of the GRIN2A and GRIN2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), resulting in increased NMDAR-mediated currents. By correcting a MAOA missense mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing we normalized GRIN2A and GRIN2B expression, NMDAR function and neuronal population activity to control levels. Our data suggest that MAOA mutations in Brunner syndrome increase the activity of dopaminergic neurons through upregulation of NMDAR function, which may contribute to the etiology of Brunner syndrome associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Ruben van Rhijn
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maren Bormann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Mossink
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Hatice Recaioglu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Schoenmaker
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs and FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, MUMC+, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, and MHeNS School of Neuroscience and Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Baronio D, Chen YC, Panula P. Abnormal brain development of monoamine oxidase mutant zebrafish and impaired social interaction of heterozygous fish. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273667. [PMID: 34881779 PMCID: PMC8891935 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) deficiency and imbalanced levels of brain monoamines have been associated with developmental delay, neuropsychiatric disorders and aggressive behavior. Animal models are valuable tools to gain mechanistic insight into outcomes associated with MAO deficiency. Here, we report a novel genetic model to study the effects of mao loss of function in zebrafish. Quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to study neurotransmitter systems and expression of relevant genes for brain development in zebrafish mao mutants. Larval and adult fish behavior was evaluated through different tests. Stronger serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in mao+/− and mao−/− larvae compared with their mao+/+ siblings. mao−/− larvae were hypoactive, and presented decreased reactions to visual and acoustic stimuli. They also had impaired histaminergic and dopaminergic systems, abnormal expression of developmental markers and died within 20 days post-fertilization. mao+/− fish were viable, grew until adulthood, and demonstrated anxiety-like behavior and impaired social interactions compared with adult mao+/+ siblings. Our results indicate that mao−/− and mao+/− mutants could be promising tools to study the roles of MAO in brain development and behavior. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We assessed developmental, neurochemical and behavioral alterations displayed by mao+/− and mao−/− zebrafish, establishing that these model organisms are promising tools to study the consequences of MAOA/B deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Omran AJA, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social Isolation Induces Neuroinflammation And Microglia Overactivation, While Dihydromyricetin Prevents And Improves Them. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34611661 PMCID: PMC8491854 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-923871/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. Results: Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation also induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. Conclusion: The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to restore neuroinflammatory changes induced by anxiety.
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18
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Yirun A, Ozkemahli G, Balci A, Erkekoglu P, Zeybek ND, Yersal N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Neuroendocrine disruption by bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate after prenatal, early postnatal and lactational exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26961-26974. [PMID: 33496947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) are abundant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In recent years, studies showed that EDCs may lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. The effects of prenatal exposure to these chemicals may have serious consequences. Moreover, exposure to EDCs as a mixture may have different effects than individual exposures. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity of BPA and/or DEHP on central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system in prenatal and lactational period in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received vehicle); BPA group (received BPA at 50 mg/kg/day); DEHP group (received DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day); and combined exposure group (received both BPA at 50 mg/kg/day and DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation by oral gavage. At the end of lactation, male offspring (n = 6) were randomly grouped. The alterations in the brain histopathology, neurotransmitter levels and enzyme activities in the cerebrum region, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic effects in the hippocampus region were determined at adulthood. The results showed that exposure to EDCs at early stages of life caused significant changes in lipid peroxidation, total GSH and neurotransmitter levels, and activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes. Moreover, BPA and/or DEHP led to apoptosis and histopathologic alterations in the hippocampus. Therefore, we can suggest that changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as in neurotransmitters and related enzymes, can be considered as the underlying neurotoxicity mechanisms of BPA and DEHP. However, more mechanistic studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Yirun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ozkemahli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aylin Balci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yersal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Dalvi-Garcia F, Fonseca LL, Vasconcelos ATR, Hedin-Pereira C, Voit EO. A model of dopamine and serotonin-kynurenine metabolism in cortisolemia: Implications for depression. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008956. [PMID: 33970902 PMCID: PMC8136856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major factor contributing to the etiology of depression is a neurochemical imbalance of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, which is caused by persistently high levels of circulating stress hormones. Here, a computational model is proposed to investigate the interplay between dopaminergic and serotonergic-kynurenine metabolism under cortisolemia and its consequences for the onset of depression. The model was formulated as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations represented with power-law functions. Parameter values were obtained from experimental data reported in the literature, biological databases, and other general information, and subsequently fine-tuned through optimization. Model simulations predict that changes in the kynurenine pathway, caused by elevated levels of cortisol, can increase the risk of neurotoxicity and lead to increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceltahyde (DOPAL) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL). These aldehydes contribute to alpha-synuclein aggregation and may cause mitochondrial fragmentation. Further model analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of both serotonin transport and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase decreased the levels of DOPAL and 5-HIAL and the neurotoxic risk often associated with depression. The mathematical model was also able to predict a novel role of the dopamine and serotonin metabolites DOPAL and 5-HIAL in the ethiology of depression, which is facilitated through increased cortisol levels. Finally, the model analysis suggests treatment with a combination of inhibitors of serotonin transport and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase as a potentially effective pharmacological strategy to revert the slow-down in monoamine neurotransmission that is often triggered by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dalvi-Garcia
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis L. Fonseca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Hedin-Pereira
- Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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20
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Kolla NJ, Bortolato M. The role of monoamine oxidase A in the neurobiology of aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior: A tale of mice and men. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101875. [PMID: 32574581 PMCID: PMC7609507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research has revealed that genetic factors shape the propensity for aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior. The best-documented gene implicated in aggression is MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A), which encodes the key enzyme for the degradation of serotonin and catecholamines. Congenital MAOA deficiency, as well as low-activity MAOA variants, has been associated with a higher risk for antisocial behavior (ASB) and violence, particularly in males with a history of child maltreatment. Indeed, the interplay between low MAOA genetic variants and early-life adversity is the best-documented gene × environment (G × E) interaction in the pathophysiology of aggression and ASB. Additional evidence indicates that low MAOA activity in the brain is strongly associated with a higher propensity for aggression; furthermore, MAOA inhibition may be one of the primary mechanisms whereby prenatal smoke exposure increases the risk of ASB. Complementary to these lines of evidence, mouse models of Maoa deficiency and G × E interactions exhibit striking similarities with clinical phenotypes, proving to be valuable tools to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying antisocial and aggressive behavior. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the knowledge on the involvement of MAOA in aggression, as defined by preclinical and clinical evidence. In particular, we show how the convergence of human and animal research is proving helpful to our understanding of how MAOA influences antisocial and violent behavior and how it may assist in the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies for aggressive manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Research Imaging Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada; Translational Initiative on Antisocial Personality Disorder (TrIAD); Program of Research on Violence Etiology, Neurobiology, and Treatment (PReVENT).
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Translational Initiative on Antisocial Personality Disorder (TrIAD); Program of Research on Violence Etiology, Neurobiology, and Treatment (PReVENT).
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21
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Pierre C, Pradère N, Froc C, Ornelas-García P, Callebert J, Rétaux S. A mutation in monoamine oxidase (MAO) affects the evolution of stress behavior in the blind cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb226092. [PMID: 32737213 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. In humans, mutations affecting monoamine oxidase (MAO), the serotonin-degrading enzyme, are highly deleterious. Yet, blind cavefish of the species Astyanax mexicanus carry a partial loss-of-function mutation in MAO (P106L) and thrive in their subterranean environment. Here, we established four fish lines, corresponding to the blind cave-dwelling and the sighted river-dwelling morphs of this species, with or without the mutation, in order to decipher the exact contribution of mao P106L in the evolution of cavefish neurobehavioral traits. Unexpectedly, although mao P106L appeared to be an excellent candidate for the genetic determinism of the loss of aggressive and schooling behaviors in cavefish, we demonstrated that it was not the case. Similarly, the anatomical variations in monoaminergic systems observed between cavefish and surface fish brains were independent from mao P106L, and rather due to other, morph-dependent developmental processes. However, we found that mao P106L strongly affected anxiety-like behaviors. Cortisol measurements showed lower basal levels and an increased amplitude of stress response after a change of environment in fish carrying the mutation. Finally, we studied the distribution of the P106L mao allele in wild populations of cave and river A. mexicanus, and discovered that the mutant allele was present - and sometimes fixed - in all populations inhabiting caves of the Sierra de El Abra. The possibility that this partial loss-of-function mao allele evolves under a selective or a neutral regime in the particular cave environment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Pierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naomie Pradère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cynthia Froc
- Amatrace platform, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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Association Analysis of Monoamine Oxidase-A Gene Promoter Polymorphism (MAOA uVNTR) for Antisocial Behavior: Absence of the Counting Number Repeats in Central Iran. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The MAOA gene is located on the X chromosome (Xp11.23). Several studies have established a VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeat) polymorphism in the upstream of the MAOA gene transcriptional initiation region named uVNTR which is correlated with the risk of antisocial behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between MAOA genotypes and the risk of violent behavior in a cohort of violent and age-matched non-violent individuals. Methods: In the current case-control study, MAOA uVNTR was genotyped in a cohort of 88 violent and 95 age-matched non-violent individuals. Individuals were genotyped for the MAOA uVNTR by performing PCR, gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Furthermore, a chi-square test was performed using SPSS, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We identified three MAOA uVNTR allelic variants: They were harboring 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 repeated sequences. Alleles with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 repeats were not observed in any of the two examined groups. Conclusions: We did not detect a statistically appreciable association between antisocial behavior and allele frequencies in the studied population in central Iran.
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23
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Liu S, Yu M, Xie X, Ru Y, Ru S. Carbofuran induces increased anxiety-like behaviors in female zebrafish (Danio rerio) through disturbing dopaminergic/norepinephrinergic system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126635. [PMID: 32278909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran, a carbamate pesticide, is widely used in developing countries to manage insect pests. Studies have found that carbofuran posed potential risks for the neurotransmitter systems of non-target species, we speculated that these disruptive effects on the neurotransmitter systems could trigger anxiety-like behaviors. In this study, female zebrafish were exposed to environmental levels (5, 50, and 500 μg/L) of carbofuran for 48 h to evaluate the effects of carbofuran on anxiety-like behaviors. Results showed that zebrafish exhibited more anxiety-like behaviors which proved by the observed higher bottom trend and more erratic movements in the novel tank after carbofuran treatment. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of carbofuran-induced anxiety-promoting effects, we measured the levels of neurotransmitters, precursors, and major metabolites, along with the level of gene expression and the enzyme activities involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. The results demonstrated that acute carbofuran exposure stimulated the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, which sequentially induced the increased levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor relieved the anxiety-related changes induced by carbofuran, confirming the overactive tyrosine hydroxylase-mediated accumulation of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain was one of the main reasons for carbofuran-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the female zebrafish. Overall, our study indicated the environmental health risks of carbamate pesticide in inducing neurobehavioral disorders and provided novel insights into the investigation of the relevant underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China.
| | - Xincen Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yiran Ru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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24
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Silva J, Shao AS, Shen Y, Davies DL, Olsen RW, Holschneider DP, Shao XM, Liang J. Modulation of Hippocampal GABAergic Neurotransmission and Gephyrin Levels by Dihydromyricetin Improves Anxiety. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1008. [PMID: 32742262 PMCID: PMC7364153 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health spending. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. An urgent need exists to explore the underlying mechanisms of chronic anxiety and to develop alternative therapies. Presently, we identified dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid that has anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of isolation-induced anxiety. Socially isolated mice demonstrated increased anxiety levels and reduced exploratory behavior measured by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Socially isolated mice showed impaired GABAergic neurotransmission, including reduction in GABAA receptor-mediated extrasynaptic tonic currents, as well as amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents measured by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from hippocampal slices. Furthermore, intracellular ATP levels and gephyrin expression decreased in anxious animals. DHM treatment restored ATP and gephyrin expression, GABAergic transmission and synaptic function, as well as decreased anxiety-like behavior. Our findings indicate broader roles for DHM in anxiolysis, GABAergic neurotransmission, and synaptic function. Collectively, our data suggest that reduction in intracellular ATP and gephyrin contribute to the development of anxiety, and represent novel treatment targets. DHM is a potential candidate for pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Silva
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy S Shao
- Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard W Olsen
- Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel P Holschneider
- Psychiatry and The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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25
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Systematic assessment of mechanistic data for FDA-certified food colors and neurodevelopmental processes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Carreño Gutiérrez H, O'Leary A, Freudenberg F, Fedele G, Wilkinson R, Markham E, van Eeden F, Reif A, Norton WHJ. Nitric oxide interacts with monoamine oxidase to modulate aggression and anxiety-like behaviour. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 30:30-43. [PMID: 28951000 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter that has important behavioural functions in the vertebrate brain. In this study we compare the impact of decreased nitric NO signalling upon behaviour and neurobiology using both zebrafish and mouse. nitric oxide synthase mutant (nos1-/-) zebrafish show significantly reduced aggression and an increase in anxiety-like behaviour without altered production of the stress hormone cortisol. Nos1-/- mice also exhibit decreased aggression and are hyperactive in an open field test. Upon reduction of NO signalling, monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism is reduced as a consequence of decreased Monoamine oxidase activity. Treatment of nos1-/- zebrafish with the 5-HT receptor 1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT rescues aggression and some aspects of anxiety-like behaviour. Taken together, the interplay between NO and 5-HT appears to be critical to control behaviour. Our cross-species approach challenges the previous notion that reduced neuronal NOS leads to increased aggression. Rather, Nos1 knock-out can also lead to decreased aggression in some situations, a finding that may have implications for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carreño Gutiérrez
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Rob Wilkinson
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleanor Markham
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Freek van Eeden
- Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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27
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Graves SM, Xie Z, Stout KA, Zampese E, Burbulla LF, Shih JC, Kondapalli J, Patriarchi T, Tian L, Brichta L, Greengard P, Krainc D, Schumacker PT, Surmeier DJ. Dopamine metabolism by a monoamine oxidase mitochondrial shuttle activates the electron transport chain. Nat Neurosci 2019; 23:15-20. [PMID: 31844313 PMCID: PMC7257994 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolizes cytosolic dopamine (DA), thereby limiting auto-oxidation, but is also thought to generate cytosolic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We show that MAO metabolism of DA does not increase cytosolic H2O2 but leads to mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity. This is dependent upon MAO anchoring to the outer mitochondrial membrane and shuttling electrons through the intermembrane space to support the bioenergetic demands of phasic DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Graves
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Enrico Zampese
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lars Brichta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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28
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Tian C, Qiang X, Song Q, Cao Z, Ye C, He Y, Deng Y, Zhang L. Flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrid Mannich base derivatives as balanced multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103477. [PMID: 31818478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for multitarget approach for disease management. Herein, a series of novel flurbiprofen-chalcone hybrid Mannich base derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological screening results indicated that most of the derivatives exhibited potent multi-target effects involved in AD. In particular, compound 6c bearing a pyrrolidine group showed the highest activities against self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation (70.65% and 54.89% at 25.0 µM, respectively), highly selective inhibition towards AChE and MAO-B (IC50 = 7.15 μM and 0.43 μM respectively), good antioxidant ability and metal-chelating property. Moreover, 6c displayed excellent anti-neuroinflammatory activity and appropriate BBB permeability in vitro. These outstanding results qualified compound 6c as a promising multifunctional agent for further development of disease-modifying treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoquan Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongcheng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chanyuan Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Elderly Digestive, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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29
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Hase T, Shishido S, Yamamoto S, Yamashita R, Nukima H, Taira S, Toyoda T, Abe K, Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Yamada M, Kobayashi S. Rosmarinic acid suppresses Alzheimer's disease development by reducing amyloid β aggregation by increasing monoamine secretion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8711. [PMID: 31213631 PMCID: PMC6581955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mechanism is revealed by which a polyphenol, rosmarinic acid (RA), suppresses amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in mice. Here we examined the brains of mice (Alzheimer's disease model) using DNA microarray analysis and revealed that the dopamine (DA)-signaling pathway was enhanced in the group fed RA versus controls. In the cerebral cortex, the levels of monoamines, such as norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DA, and levodopa, increased after RA feeding. The expression of DA-degrading enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase B (Maob), was significantly downregulated in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, both DA synthesis regions. Following in vitro studies showing that monoamines inhibited Aβ aggregation, this in vivo study, in which RA intake increased concentration of monoamine by reducing Maob gene expression, builds on that knowledge by demonstrating that monoamines suppress Aβ aggregation. In conclusion, RA-initiated monoamine increase in the brain may beneficially act against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Hase
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Syun Shishido
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - So Yamamoto
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rei Yamashita
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruka Nukima
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1248, Japan
| | - Tsudoi Toyoda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Group of Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Life Science Environment Research Center, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatano-dai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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30
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Im S, Jeong J, Jin G, Yeom J, Jekal J, Lee SI, Cho JA, Lee S, Lee Y, Kim DH, Bae M, Heo J, Moon C, Lee CH. MAOA variants differ in oscillatory EEG & ECG activities in response to aggression-inducing stimuli. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2680. [PMID: 30804379 PMCID: PMC6390082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the genetic variations in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, upstream variable number tandem repeats (uVNTRs) of the promoter have been associated with individual differences in human physiology and aggressive behaviour. However, the evidence for a molecular or neural link between MAOA uVNTRs and aggression remains ambiguous. Additionally, the use of inconsistent promoter constructs in previous studies has added to the confusion. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the genetic function of MAOA uVNTR and its effects on multiple aspects of aggression. Here, we identified three MAOA alleles in Koreans: the predominant 3.5R and 4.5R alleles, as well as the rare 2.5R allele. There was a minor difference in transcriptional efficiency between the 3.5R and 4.5R alleles, with the greatest value for the 2.5R allele, in contrast to existing research. Psychological indices of aggression did not differ among MAOA genotypes. However, our electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram results obtained under aggression-related stimulation revealed oscillatory changes as novel phenotypes that vary with the MAOA genotype. In particular, we observed prominent changes in frontal γ power and heart rate in 4.5R carriers of men. Our findings provide genetic insights into MAOA function and offer a neurobiological basis for various socio-emotional mechanisms in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungYeong Im
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jinju Jeong
- Undergraduate School Administration Team, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gwonhyu Jin
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeom
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Sang-Im Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Ah Cho
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sukkyoo Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngmi Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mijeong Bae
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jinhwa Heo
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.
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31
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Garbarino VR, Gilman TL, Daws LC, Gould GG. Extreme enhancement or depletion of serotonin transporter function and serotonin availability in autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:85-99. [PMID: 30009933 PMCID: PMC6345621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A variety of human and animal studies support the hypothesis that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) system dysfunction is a contributing factor to the development of autism in some patients. However, many questions remain about how developmental manipulation of various components that influence 5-HT signaling (5-HT synthesis, transport, metabolism) persistently impair social behaviors. This review will summarize key aspects of central 5-HT function important for normal brain development, and review evidence implicating perinatal disruptions in 5-HT signaling in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. We discuss the importance, and relative dearth, of studies that explore the possible correlation to autism in the interactions between important intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may disrupt 5-HT homeostasis during development. In particular, we focus on exposure to 5-HT transport altering mechanisms such as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or genetic polymorphisms in primary or auxiliary transporters of 5-HT, and how they relate to neurological stores of serotonin and its precursors. A deeper understanding of the many mechanisms by which 5-HT signaling can be disrupted, alone and in concert, may contribute to an improved understanding of the etiologies and heterogeneous nature of this disorder. We postulate that extreme bidirectional perturbations of these factors during development likely compound or synergize to facilitate enduring neurochemical changes resulting in insufficient or excessive 5-HT signaling, that could underlie the persistent behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R Garbarino
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, United States; The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, United States.
| | - T Lee Gilman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, United States; Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, United States.
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, United States; Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, United States; Department of Pharmacology, United States.
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, United States; Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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32
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Carpéné C, Boulet N, Chaplin A, Mercader J. Past, Present and Future Anti-Obesity Effects of Flavin-Containing and/or Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase Inhibitors. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E9. [PMID: 30650583 PMCID: PMC6473341 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Two classes of amine oxidases are found in mammals: those with a flavin adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor, such as monoamine oxidases (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylases (LSD), and those with copper as a cofactor, including copper-containing amine oxidases (AOC) and lysyl oxidases (LOX). All are expressed in adipose tissue, including a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) strongly present on the adipocyte surface. Methods: Previously, irreversible MAO inhibitors have been reported to limit food intake and/or fat extension in rodents; however, their use for the treatment of depressed patients has not revealed a clear anti-obesity action. Semicarbazide and other molecules inhibiting SSAO/VAP-1 also reduce adiposity in obese rodents. Results: Recently, a LOX inhibitor and a subtype-selective MAO inhibitor have been shown to limit fattening in high-fat diet-fed rats. Phenelzine, which inhibits MAO and AOC, limits adipogenesis in cultured preadipocytes and impairs lipogenesis in mature adipocytes. When tested in rats or mice, phenelzine reduces food intake and/or fat accumulation without cardiac adverse effects. Novel amine oxidase inhibitors have been recently characterized in a quest for promising anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer approaches; however, their capacity to mitigate obesity has not been studied so far. Conclusions: The present review of the diverse effects of amine oxidase inhibitors impairing adipocyte differentiation or limiting excessive fat accumulation indicates that further studies are needed to reveal their potential anti-obesity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France.
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France.
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Alice Chaplin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Josep Mercader
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Jiang J, Qin N, Zhang Q, Yan C. Biotransformation of 4-methylcoumarins by cambial meristematic cells of Camptotheca acuminata. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9449-9456. [PMID: 35520693 PMCID: PMC9062171 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00522f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cambial meristematic cell (CMC) suspension cultures were investigated as a new biotransformation system for the first time. Four 4-methylcoumarins substrates were transformed by CMCs of Camptotheca acuminata into four corresponding products, including 4,8-dimethylcoumarin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (I-1), 4,7-dimethylcoumarin-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (II-1), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxyl-4- methylcoumarin (III-1), and 4,7-dimethylcoumarin-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (IV-1), of which I-1, II-1, and IV-1 were new compounds. In addition, the biotransformation time and the amount of substrate were investigated to compare the biotransformation rate and optimize the biotransformation conditions of the four substrates in C. acuminata CMCs suspension cultures. The results suggested C. acuminata CMCs were able to select glycosylate phenolic hydroxyl groups of 4-methylcoumarins I, II, and IV, with high regio- and stereoselectivity, but no corresponding glycoside of any phenolic hydroxyl group of compound III was detected. Simultaneously, the result also showed that the C. acuminata CMCs were able to transform the 7-hydroxy groups of substrate III to its corresponding methylated products. Furthermore, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition activities of biotransformed products were evaluated, and the data showed that all the products possessed good MAO inhibition activities in vitro. In conclusion, C. acuminata CMCs could be applied to glycosylation biotransformation as a novel plant-based system due to the successful application of bioconversion of exogenous coumarins. Cambial meristematic cell (CMC) suspension cultures were investigated as a new biotransformation system for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Monoamine oxidase isoenzymes: genes, functions and targets for behavior and cancer therapy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1553-1566. [PMID: 30259128 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Two pharmacological types with different substrate and inhibitor specificities were reported. Molecular cloning revealed that the two types of MAO were different genes expressed as different proteins with different functions. MAO A and B have identical intron-exon organization derived by duplication of a common ancestral gene thus they are termed isoenzymes. MAO A knockout mice exhibited aggression, the first clear evidence linking genes to behavior. MAO A KO mice exhibited autistic-like behaviors which could be prevented by reducing serotonin levels at an early developmental age (P1-P7) providing potential therapy. MAO B KO mice were non-aggressive and resistant to Parkinsongenic neurotoxin. More recently it was found that MAO A is overexpressed in prostate cancer and correlates with degree of malignancy. The oncogenic mechanism involves a ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1/TWIST1 signaling pathway. Deletion of MAO A reduced prostate cancer stem cells and suppressed invasive adenocarcinoma. MAO A was also overexpressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and glioma brain tumors. MAO B was overexpressed in glioma and non-small cell lung cancer. MAO A inhibitors reduce the growth of prostate cancer, drug sensitive and resistant gliomas and classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and enhance standard chemotherapy. Currently, we are developing NIR dye-conjugated clorgyline (MAO A inhibitor) as a novel dual therapeutic/diagnostic agent for cancer. A phase II clinical trial of MAO inhibitor for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer is ongoing. The role of MAO A and B in several cancer types opens new avenues for cancer therapies.
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Zubkov EA, Zorkina YA, Orshanskaya EV, Khlebnikova NN, Krupina NA, Chekhonin VP. Changes in Gene Expression Profiles in Adult Rat Brain Structures after Neonatal Action of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:89-99. [PMID: 29860255 DOI: 10.1159/000488367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the development of emotional and motivational disorders, such as anxiety-depression-like disorders with increased aggression in adolescent and adult Wistar rats, occurs after neonatal exposure to the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitors diprotin A and sitagliptin (postnatal days 5-18). METHODS In this study, using real-time PCR, we evaluated changes in the gene expression of serine protease DPP-IV and prolyl endopeptidase (PREP, EC 3.4.21.26; dpp4 and prep genes), monoamine oxidase А (maoA) and B (maoB), and serotonin transporter (SERT; sert) in the brain structures from 3-month-old rats after postnatal action of DPP-IV inhibitors diprotin A and sitagliptin. RESULTS Dpp4, sert, and maoB gene expression increased and maoA gene expression changed with a tendency to increase in the striatum of rats with neonatal sitagliptin action. The increase of maoA gene expression was also shown in the amygdala. An increase in prep gene expression was found in the striatum of rats with the neonatal action of diprotin A, and a decrease in maoB gene expression was observed in the amygdala. We detected a significant downward trend in sert gene expression in the frontal cortex and amygdala, as well as a tendency to increase in maoA gene expression in the hypothalamus. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that changes in the expression of the abovementioned genes are associated with the development of anxiety and depression, with increased aggression caused by the neonatal action of diprotin A and sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Zubkov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psyсhiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana A Zorkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psyсhiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Orshanskaya
- The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Natalia A Krupina
- The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psyсhiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Rus A, Molina F, Del Moral ML, Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Martínez-Martos JM. Catecholamine and Indolamine Pathway: A Case-Control Study in Fibromyalgia. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:577-586. [PMID: 30009619 DOI: 10.1177/1099800418787672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome characterized by widespread pain. Its etiology is unclear, and diagnosis is difficult. The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitters (catecholamines, indolamines, and intermediate metabolites) in patients with FM and healthy controls to investigate possible alterations in the metabolism of these molecules in FM. We also examined potential relationships between monoamine neurotransmitters and clinical features of FM. The predictive value of these molecules in FM was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. METHOD We measured plasma catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine), as well as indolamines and intermediary metabolites (serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT], 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid [5-HIAA], 5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HTP], and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine [Nac-5-HT]) in 35 women with FM and 12 age-matched healthy women. RESULTS Higher levels of norepinephrine and lower levels of dopamine, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and 5-HTP were found in women with FM in comparison with controls. Epinephrine and Nac-5-HT levels did not differ significantly between groups. Higher norepinephrine levels were associated with worse physical health status in FM patients. Also, plasma norepinephrine levels > 694.69 pg/ml might be an accurate predictor of FM. CONCLUSIONS These findings show evidence of the dysregulation of the catecholamine and indolamine pathway in patients with FM, which may contribute to the physiopathology of this syndrome. In addition, the determination of plasma norepinephrine levels could help in the FM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Burke MW, Fillion M, Mejia J, Ervin FR, Palmour RM. Perinatal MAO Inhibition Produces Long-Lasting Impairment of Serotonin Function in Offspring. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8060106. [PMID: 29891804 PMCID: PMC6025445 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to transmitter functions, many neuroamines have trophic or ontogenetic regulatory effects important to both normal and disordered brain development. In previous work (Mejia et al., 2002), we showed that pharmacologically inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity during murine gestation increases the prevalence of behaviors thought to reflect impulsivity and aggression. The goal of the present study was to determine the extent to which this treatment influences dopamine and serotonin innervation of murine cortical and subcortical areas, as measured by regional density of dopamine (DAT) and serotonin transporters (SERT). We measured DAT and SERT densities at 3 developmental times (PND 14, 35 and 90) following inhibition of MAO A, or MAO B or both throughout murine gestation and early post-natal development. DAT binding was unaltered within the nigrostriatal pathway, but concurrent inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B significantly and specifically reduced SERT binding by 10–25% in both the frontal cortex and raphe nuclei. Low levels of SERT binding persisted (PND 35, 90) after the termination (PND 21) of exposure to MAO inhibitors and was most marked in brain structures germane to the previously described behavioral changes. The relatively modest level of enzyme inhibition (25–40%) required to produce these effects mandates care in the use of any compound which might inhibit MAO activity during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Myriam Fillion
- Departments of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Jose Mejia
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3J 3T4, Canada.
| | - Frank R Ervin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Roberta M Palmour
- Departments of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
- Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Shah R, Courtiol E, Castellanos FX, Teixeira CM. Abnormal Serotonin Levels During Perinatal Development Lead to Behavioral Deficits in Adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:114. [PMID: 29928194 PMCID: PMC5997829 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the best-studied modulatory neurotransmitters with ubiquitous presynaptic release and postsynaptic reception. 5-HT has been implicated in a wide variety of brain functions, ranging from autonomic regulation, sensory perception, feeding and motor function to emotional regulation and cognition. The role of this neuromodulator in neuropsychiatric diseases is unquestionable with important neuropsychiatric medications, e.g., most antidepressants, targeting this system. Importantly, 5-HT modulates neurodevelopment and changes in its levels during development can have life-long consequences. In this mini-review, we highlight that exposure to both low and high serotonin levels during the perinatal period can lead to behavioral deficits in adulthood. We focus on three exogenous factors that can change 5-HT levels during the critical perinatal period: dietary tryptophan depletion, exposure to serotonin-selective-reuptake-inhibitors (SSRIs) and poor early life care. We discuss the effects of each of these on behavioral deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Relish Shah
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Courtiol
- CNRS UMR 5292 - INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Clinical Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Catia M Teixeira
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, United States
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Hwang IW, Lim MH, Kwon HJ, Jin HJ. Association of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene uVNTR and rs6323 Polymorphisms with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E32. [PMID: 30344263 PMCID: PMC6122096 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The genetic cause of ADHD is still unclear, but the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways have shown a strong association. In particular, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) plays an important role in the catabolism of these neurotransmitters, suggesting that the MAOA gene is associated with ADHD. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the MAOA gene polymorphisms (uVNTR and rs6323) and ADHD. Materials and methods: We collected a total of 472 Korean children (150 ADHD cases and 322 controls) using the Korean version of the Dupaul Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS). Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. The Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC-2) was used to evaluate the problem behaviors within ADHD children. Results: We observed significant associations between the rs6323 and ADHD in girls (p < 0.05) and the TT genotype was observed as a protective factor against ADHD in the recessive model (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.100⁻0.950, p = 0.022). The 3.5R-G haplotype showed a significant association in ADHD boys (p = 0.043). The analysis of subtype also revealed that the 4.5R allele of uVNTR was a risk factor for the development of ADHD in the combined symptom among girls (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.014⁻3.453, p = 0.031). In the BASC-2 analysis, the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism was associated with activities of daily living in ADHD boys (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of the MAOA gene polymorphisms in the development of ADHD in Korean children. A larger sample set and functional studies are required to further elucidate of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Wook Hwang
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Psychology, College of Public Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Ho Jang Kwon
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
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Bortolato M, Floris G, Shih JC. From aggression to autism: new perspectives on the behavioral sequelae of monoamine oxidase deficiency. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1589-1599. [PMID: 29748850 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, A and B, catalyze the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The phenotypic outcomes of MAO congenital deficiency have been studied in humans and animal models, to explore the role of these enzymes in behavioral regulation. The clinical condition caused by MAOA deficiency, Brunner syndrome, was first described as a disorder characterized by overt antisocial and aggressive conduct. Building on this discovery, subsequent studies were focused on the characterization of the role of MAOA in the neurobiology of antisocial conduct. MAO A knockout mice were found to display high levels of intermale aggression; however, further analyses of these mutants unveiled additional behavioral abnormalities mimicking the core symptoms of autism-spectrum disorder. These findings were strikingly confirmed in newly reported cases of Brunner syndrome. The role of MAOB in behavioral regulation remains less well-understood, even though Maob-deficient mice have been found to exhibit greater behavioral disinhibition and risk-taking responses, supporting previous clinical studies showing associations between low MAO B activity and impulsivity. Furthermore, lack of MAOB was found to exacerbate the severity of psychopathological deficits induced by concurrent MAOA deficiency. Here, we summarize how the convergence of clinical reports and behavioral phenotyping in mutant mice has helped frame a complex picture of psychopathological features in MAO-deficient individuals, which encompass a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental problems. This emerging knowledge poses novel conceptual challenges towards the identification of the endophenotypes shared by autism-spectrum disorder, antisocial behavior and impulse-control problems, as well as their monoaminergic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, L.S. Skaggs Hall, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, L.S. Skaggs Hall, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yin L, Li J, Liao CP, Jason Wu B. Monoamine Oxidase Deficiency Causes Prostate Atrophy and Reduces Prostate Progenitor Cell Activity. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1249-1258. [PMID: 29637670 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) degrade a number of biogenic and dietary amines, including monoamine neurotransmitters, and play an essential role in many biological processes. Neurotransmitters and related neural events have been shown to participate in the development, differentiation, and maintenance of diverse tissues and organs by regulating the specialized cellular function and morphological structures of innervated organs such as the prostate. Here we show that mice lacking both MAO isoforms, MAOA and MAOB, exhibit smaller prostate mass and develop epithelial atrophy in the ventral and dorsolateral prostates. The cellular composition of prostate epithelium showed reduced CK5+ or p63+ basal cells, accompanied by lower Sca-1 expression in p63+ basal cells, but intact differentiated CK8+ luminal cells in MAOA/B-deficient mouse prostates. MAOA/B ablation also decreased epithelial cell proliferation without affecting cell apoptosis in mouse prostates. Using a human prostate epithelial cell line, we found that stable knockdown of MAOA and MAOB impaired the capacity of prostate stem cells to form spheres, coinciding with a reduced CD133+ /CD44+ /CD24- stem cell population and less expression of CK5 and select stem cell markers, including ALDH1A1, TROP2, and CD166. Alternative pharmacological inhibition of MAOs also repressed prostate cell stemness. In addition, we found elevated expression of MAOA and MAOB in epithelial and/or stromal components of human prostate hyperplasia samples compared with normal prostate tissues. Taken together, our findings reveal critical roles for MAOs in the regulation of prostate basal progenitor cells and prostate maintenance. Stem Cells 2018;36:1249-1258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
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Petschner P, Gonda X, Baksa D, Eszlari N, Trivaks M, Juhasz G, Bagdy G. Genes Linking Mitochondrial Function, Cognitive Impairment and Depression are Associated with Endophenotypes Serving Precision Medicine. Neuroscience 2018; 370:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Karmakar A, Goswami R, Saha T, Maitra S, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Sinha S, Ray A, Mohanakumar KP, Rajamma U, Mukhopadhyay K. Pilot study indicate role of preferentially transmitted monoamine oxidase gene variants in behavioral problems of male ADHD probands. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 28982350 PMCID: PMC5629801 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an etiologically complex childhood onset neurobehavioral disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptom severity varies widely and boys are diagnosed more frequently than girls. ADHD probands were reported to have abnormal transmissions of dopamine, serotonin, and/or noradrenaline. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and B (MAOB), mitochondrial outer membrane bound two isoenzymes, mediate degradation of these neurotransmitters and thus regulating their circulating levels. Case-control analyses in different populations, including Indians, suggested involvement of MAOA and MAOB genes in the etiology of ADHD. Due to high heritability rate of ADHD, we tested familial transmission of MAOA and MAOB variants to ADHD probands in 190 nuclear families having ADHD probands from Indo-Caucasoid ethnicity. Methods Subjects were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition (DSM-IV). Appropriate scales were used for measuring the behavioral traits in probands. Genotyping was performed through PCR-based amplification of target sites followed by DNA-sequencing and/or gel-electrophoresis. Data obtained were analyzed by family based statistical methods. Results Out of 58 variants present in the analyzed sites only 15 were found to be polymorphic (30 bp-uVNTR, rs5906883, rs1465107, rs1465108, rs5905809, rs5906957, rs6323, rs1137070 from MAOA and rs4824562, rs56220155, rs2283728, rs2283727, rs3027441, rs6324, rs3027440 from MAOB). Statistically significant maternal transmission of alleles to male probands was observed for MAOA rs5905809 ‘G’ (p = 0.04), rs5906957 ‘A’ (p = 0.04), rs6323 ‘G’ (p = 0.0001) and MAOB rs56220155 ‘A’ (p = 0.002), rs2283728 ‘C’ (p = 0.0008), rs2283727 ‘C’ (p = 0.0008), rs3027441 ‘T’ (p = 0.003), rs6324 ‘C’ (p = 0.003), rs3027440 ‘T’ (p = 0.0002). Significantly preferential maternal transmissions of different haplotype combinations to male probands were also noticed (p < 0.05), while female probands did not reveal such transmission bias. Behavioral traits of male probands exhibited significant association with gene variants. Age of the mother at pregnancy also revealed association with risk variants of male probands. Conclusions It may be inferred that the MAOA and MAOB variants may contribute to the etiology of ADHD in the Indo-Caucasoid population and could be responsible for higher occurrence of ADHD in the boys. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0469-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Karmakar
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Subhamita Maitra
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India
| | - Anirban Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, 700 020, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Physiology Division, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686 009, Kerala State, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India.,Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Specialty Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board PO, Kottayam, 686 009, Kerala State, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, Manovikas Kendra, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700 107, India.
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Song NN, Huang Y, Yu X, Lang B, Ding YQ, Zhang L. Divergent Roles of Central Serotonin in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:185. [PMID: 28713247 PMCID: PMC5492328 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central serotonin (5-HT) system is the main target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line antidepressants widely used in current general practice. One of the prominent features of chronic SSRI treatment in rodents is the enhanced adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which has been proposed to contribute to antidepressant effects. Therefore, tremendous effort has been made to decipher how central 5-HT regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this paper, we review how changes in the central serotonergic system alter adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We focus on data obtained from three categories of genetically engineered mouse models: (1) mice with altered central 5-HT levels from embryonic stages, (2) mice with deletion of 5-HT receptors from embryonic stages, and (3) mice with altered central 5-HT system exclusively in adulthood. These recent findings provide unique insights to interpret the multifaceted roles of central 5-HT on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its associated effects on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Song
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Bing Lang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Abstract
Although serotonin neurotransmission has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental and psychological disorders, the factors that drive dysfunction of the serotonin system are poorly understood. Current research regarding the serotonin system revolves around its dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders, but there is no database collating genetic mutations that result in serotonin abnormalities. To bridge this gap, we developed a list of genes in mice that, when perturbed, result in altered levels of serotonin either in brain or blood. Due to the intrinsic limitations of search, the current list should be considered a preliminary subset of all relevant cases. Nevertheless, it offered an opportunity to gain insight into what types of genes have the potential to impact serotonin by using gene ontology (GO). This analysis found that genes associated with monoamine metabolism were more often associated with increases in brain serotonin than decreases. Speculatively, this could be because several pathways (and therefore many genes) are responsible for the clearance and metabolism of serotonin whereas only one pathway (and therefore fewer genes) is directly involved in the synthesis of serotonin. Another contributor could be cross talk between monoamine systems such as dopamine. In contrast, genes that were associated with decreases in brain serotonin were more likely linked to a developmental process. Sensitivity of serotonin neurons to developmental perturbations could be due to their complicated neuroanatomy or possibly they may be negatively regulated by dysfunction of their innervation targets. Thus, these observations suggest hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the vulnerability of brain serotonin neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Tenpenny
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain
Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kathryn G. Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain
Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood
Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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46
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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Changes in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5642708. [PMID: 28400844 PMCID: PMC5376430 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5642708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a major drug of abuse worldwide, and no efficient therapeutic strategies for treating METH addiction are currently available. Continuous METH use can cause behavioral upregulation or psychosis. The dopaminergic pathways, particularly the neural circuitry from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), have a critical role in this behavioral stage. Acupuncture has been used for treating diseases in China for more than 2000 years. According to a World Health Organization report, acupuncture can be used to treat several functional disorders, including substance abuse. In addition, acupuncture is effective against opioids addiction. In this study, we used electroacupuncture (EA) for treating METH-induced behavioral changes and investigated the possible therapeutic mechanism. Results showed that EA at the unilateral Zhubin (KI9)–Taichong (LR3) significantly reduced METH-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference. In addition, both dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels decreased but monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels increased in the NAc of the METH-treated mice receiving EA compared with those not receiving EA. EA may be a useful nonpharmacological approach for treating METH-induced behavioral changes, probably because it reduces the METH-induced TH expression and dopamine levels and raises MAO-A expression in the NAc.
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Gu F, Chauhan V, Chauhan A. Monoamine oxidase-A and B activities in the cerebellum and frontal cortex of children and young adults with autism. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1965-1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
| | - Ved Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
| | - Abha Chauhan
- NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island New York
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48
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Chronic postnatal monoamine oxidase inhibition affects affiliative behavior in rat pupso. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 153:60-68. [PMID: 27989747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) act as important modulators of mammalian brain development and represent neurobiological substrates of affiliative behavior reflected in rat pups as a tendency to huddle or produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) when separated from the nest. Monoamines are metabolized through oxidative deamination catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). In this study, we examined the consequences of postnatal MAO inhibition on affiliative behavior in rat pups. Pups received daily injections of either an irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) or saline, from post-natal day (PND) 1 to PND 22. Quantitative and qualitative components of USV were analyzed on PNDs 10, 13 and 16 in order to determine the level of separation-induced anxiety and the modality of vocal communication. In comparison to control pups, TCP-treated pups displayed higher cortical 5-HT, DA and NA levels, higher peripheral 5-HT concentration, lower body mass throughout the pre-weaning period, higher isolation-induced drop in body temperature, and reduced total number of calls. Furthermore, they produced lower pitched calls of longer average duration without a preferable waveform. Our results demonstrate that chronic MAO inhibition by TCP primarily affects 5-HT concentrations, but also raises central catecholamine levels. They further indicate that disturbed monoaminergic homeostasis during early postnatal development leads to decreased weight-gain, compromised thermoregulation, and altered affiliative behavior in pre-weaning pups as reflected in reduced separation anxiety and inadequate vocal communication. Finally, they suggest a need for thorough examination of the potential effects of TCP and other monoamine inhibitors on the developing human brain.
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Chakraborti B, Verma D, Karmakar A, Jaiswal P, Sanyal A, Paul D, Sinha S, Singh AS, Guhathakurta S, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Ghosh S, Mohanakumar KP, Mukhophadhyay K, Rajamma U. Genetic variants of MAOB affect serotonin level and specific behavioral attributes to increase autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility in males. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:123-36. [PMID: 27381555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic system participates in various developmental processes and modulation of behaviour. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of behavioral symptoms scaling from mild to severe. Abnormal 5-HT synthesis and signalling, platelet hyperserotonemia and amelioration of repetitive behaviours by SSRI are some of the key findings, which reinforced the hypothesis that serotonergic genes might act as ASD susceptible genes. Therefore, genes encoding monoamine oxidases A/B (MAOA/MAOB) received special attention as these genes are located on the X-chromosome and the gene products are responsible for 5-HT degradation. In the present study, we conducted population-based association analysis of eight markers of MAOB with ASD in a study cohort of 203 cases and 236 controls form India and examined its effect on platelet 5-HT content and behaviour. Gender-specific changes were observed for the contrasting LD between pair of markers among cases and controls. Case-control analysis demonstrated over-distribution of major C allele of rs2283728 and rs2283727 in male and female ASD cases respectively. Haplotypic distribution and interaction among markers showed more robust effect in male cases. Interestingly, male ASD cases displayed higher platelet 5-HT content in comparison to the respective controls. Quantitative trait analysis revealed significant correlation of genetic variants and haplotypes of MAOB markers, rs1799836 and rs6324 with increased platelet 5-HT level and CARS scores for specific behavioral symptoms respectively in males. This study suggests that MAOB increases ASD risk in males, possibly through its sex-specific regulatory effect on 5-HT metabolism and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Chakraborti
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Arijit Karmakar
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Preeti Jaiswal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Aritrika Sanyal
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Debarshi Paul
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Out Patient Department, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Asem Surindro Singh
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Subhrangshu Guhathakurta
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kochupurackal P Mohanakumar
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhophadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Usha Rajamma
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482 Madudah, Plot I-24, Sector J, EM Bypass, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India.
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50
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Khanam H, Ali A, Asif M, Shamsuzzaman. Neurodegenerative diseases linked to misfolded proteins and their therapeutic approaches: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1121-1141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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