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Herrmann M, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Balasso M, Sobolewska K, Semeraro MD, Alonso N, Herrmann W. The role of bile acid metabolism in bone and muscle: from analytics to mechanisms. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:510-528. [PMID: 38488591 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2323132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are both common age-related disorders that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bone and muscle are metabolically very active tissues that require large amounts of energy. Bile acids (BAs), a group of liver-derived steroid compounds, are primarily known as emulsifiers that facilitate the resorption of dietary fat and lipids. In addition, they have pleiotropic metabolic functions in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal bacterial growth. Through these effects, they are related to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. BAs mediate their metabolic effects through receptor dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are also involved in bone and muscle metabolism. Under normal circumstances, BAs support bone health by shifting the delicate equilibrium of bone turnover toward bone formation. In contrast, low or excessive amounts of BAs promote bone resorption. In cholestatic liver disease, BAs accumulate in the liver, reach toxic concentrations in the circulation, and thus may contribute to bone loss and muscle wasting. In addition, the measurement of BAs is in rapid evolution with modern mass spectrometry techniques that allow for the detection of a continuously growing number of BAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of bile acids. Furthermore, it summarizes the existing literature regarding their role in bone and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Balasso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Sobolewska
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Qiao R, Guo J, Zhang C, Wang S, Fang J, Geng R, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Diabetes-induced muscle wasting: molecular mechanisms and promising therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39049742 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a serious public health crisis, presenting significant challenges to individuals worldwide. As the largest organ in the human body, skeletal muscle is a significant target of this chronic disease, yet muscle wasting as a complication of diabetes is still not fully understood and effective treatment methods have yet to be developed. Here, we discuss the targets involved in inducing muscle wasting under diabetic conditions, both validated targets and emerging targets. Diabetes-induced skeletal muscle wasting is known to involve changes in various signaling molecules and pathways, such as protein degradation pathways, protein synthesis pathways, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress inflammation. Recent studies have shown that some of these present potential as promising therapeutic targets, including the neuregulin 1/epidermal growth factor receptor family, advanced glycation end-products, irisin, ferroptosis, growth differentiation factor 15 and more. This study's investigation and discussion of such pathways and their potential applications provides a theoretical basis for the development of clinical treatments for diabetes-induced muscle wasting and a foundation for continued focus on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muangun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
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3
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Xie X, Huang C. Role of the gut-muscle axis in mitochondrial function of ageing muscle under different exercise modes. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102316. [PMID: 38703951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental role of the gut microbiota through the gut-muscle axis in skeletal muscle ageing is increasingly recognised. Metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota are essential in maintaining skeletal muscle function and metabolism. The energy produced by mitochondria and moderate levels of reactive oxygen species can contribute to this process. Metabolites can effectively target the mitochondria, slowing the progression of muscle ageing and potentially representing a marker of ageing-related skeletal muscle loss. Moreover, mitochondria can contribute to the immune response, gut microbiota biodiversity, and maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. However, the causal relationship between mitochondrial function and gut microbiota crosstalk remains poorly understood. In addition to elucidating the regulatory pathways of the gut-muscle axis during the ageing process, we focused on the potential role of the "exercise-gut-muscle axis", which represents a pathway under stimulation from different exercise modes to induce mitochondrial adaptations, skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity stability. Meanwhile, different exercise modes can induce mitochondrial adaptations and skeletal muscle metabolism and maintain intestinal barrier function and biodiversity. Resistance exercise may promote mitochondrial adaptation, increase the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle and muscle hypertrophy, and promote muscle fibre and motor unit recruitment. Whereas endurance exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, aerobic capacity, and energy utilisation, activating oxidative metabolism-related pathways to improve skeletal muscle metabolism and function. This review describes the effects of different exercise modes through the gut-muscle axis and how they act through mitochondria in ageing to define the current state of the field and issues requiring resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xie
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Digital Sports and Health, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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4
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Mostosi D, Molinaro M, Saccone S, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Muscle Axis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5589. [PMID: 38891777 PMCID: PMC11171690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal epithelial and immune cells, crucial for overall organ homeostasis. Dysfunctions in these intricate relationships can lead to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent findings uncovered the existence of a gut-muscle axis, revealing how alterations in the gut microbiota can disrupt regulatory mechanisms in muscular and adipose tissues, triggering immune-mediated inflammation. In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alterations in intestinal permeability stand as a potential origin of molecules that could trigger muscle degeneration via various pathways. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, or fragments of bacteria themselves, may have the ability to migrate from the gut into the bloodstream and ultimately infiltrate distant muscle tissues, exacerbating localized pathologies. These insights highlight alternative pathological pathways in DMD beyond the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for nutraceutical supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system, and muscular health offers new perspectives for therapeutic interventions beyond conventional approaches to efficiently counteract the multifaceted nature of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mostosi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Saccone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
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Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
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Liu S, Chen X, He J, Luo Y, Zheng P, Yu B, Chen D, Huang Z. Oleanolic acid promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformation by activating TGR5-mediated CaN signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109507. [PMID: 37890712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of bile acids and their representative G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) signaling pathway on muscle function and metabolic health has gained considerable interest. Increasing the content of slow muscle fibers has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve metabolic health. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound derived from plants, which can activate TGR5. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OA and TGR5 on muscle fiber types and further explore the underlying TGR5-dependent mechanisms. In this study, mice were divided into three groups and dietary supplementation with 0, 50, or 100 mg/kg OA. In addition, C2C12 cells were treated with OA at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 20 µM. Our studies revealed that OA promoted the conversion of fast to slow muscle fibers. In addition, it was found that OA activated the TGR5-mediated calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that inhibiting TGR5 and CaN abolished the effects of OA on muscle fiber types transformation. In conclusion, this study found that OA promotes the transformation of fast muscle fibers to slow muscle fibers through the TGR5-mediated CaN/NFATc1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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7
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Wang C, Ma Q, Yu X. Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1749-1767. [PMID: 37885621 PMCID: PMC10599251 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s431220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events. In addition to aging, this pathological change is associated with aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests a close association between the bile acid network and these aforementioned vascular calcification-associated conditions. Several bile acids have been proven to participate in calcium-phosphate metabolism, affecting the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and thus influencing vascular calcification. Targeting the bile acid network shows potential for ameliorating these diseases and their concomitant vascular calcification by regulating pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell differentiation. Here, we present a summary of the metabolism and functions of the bile acid network and aim to provide insights into the current research on the profound connections between the bile acid network and these vascular calcification-associated diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Jurado-Fasoli L, Plaza-Florido A, Yang W, Kohler I, Di X, Rubio-López J, Sanchez-Delgado G, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. A bout of endurance and resistance exercise transiently decreases plasma levels of bile acids in young, sedentary adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1607-1620. [PMID: 37278109 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating bile acids (BA) are signaling molecules that control glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the effects of acute exercise on plasma levels of BA in humans remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of a bout of maximal endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on plasma levels of BA in young, sedentary adults. Concentration of eight plasma BA was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after each exercise bout. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed in 14 young adults (21.8 ± 2.5 yo, 12 women); muscle strength was assessed in 17 young adults (22.4 ± 2.5 yo, 11 women). EE transiently decreased plasma levels of total, primary, and secondary BA at 3 and 30 min after exercise. RE exerted a prolonged reduction in plasma levels of secondary BA (p < 0.001) that lasted until 120 min. Primary BA levels of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were different across individuals with low/high CRF levels after EE (p ≤ 0.044); CA levels were different across individuals with low/high handgrip strength levels. High CRF individuals presented higher levels of CA and CDCA 120 min after exercise vs baseline (+77% and +65%) vs the low CRF group (-5% and -39%). High handgrip strength levels individuals presented higher levels of CA 120 min after exercise versus baseline (+63%) versus the low handgrip strength group (+6%). The study findings indicate that an individual's level of physical fitness can influence how circulating BA respond to both endurance and resistance exercise. Additionally, the study suggests that changes in plasma BA levels after exercising could be related to the control of glucose homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José Rubio-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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10
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Marullo AL, O'Halloran KD. Microbes, metabolites and muscle: Is the gut-muscle axis a plausible therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1132-1143. [PMID: 37269541 PMCID: PMC10988500 DOI: 10.1113/ep091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The contribution of gut microbial signalling to skeletal muscle maintenance and development and identification of potential therapeutic targets in progressive muscle degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What advances does it highlight? Gut microbe-derived metabolites are multifaceted signalling molecules key to muscle function, modifying pathways contributing to skeletal muscle wasting, making them a plausible target for adjunctive therapy in muscular dystrophy. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ making up ∼50% of body mass. Because skeletal muscle has both metabolic and endocrine properties, it can manipulate the microbial populations within the gut. In return, microbes exert considerable influence on skeletal muscle via numerous signalling pathways. Gut bacteria produce metabolites (i.e., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitter substrates) that act as fuel sources and modulators of inflammation, influencing host muscle development, growth and maintenance. The reciprocal interactions between microbes, metabolites and muscle establish a bidirectional gut-muscle axis. The muscular dystrophies constitute a broad range of disorders with varying disabilities. In the profoundly debilitating monogenic disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), skeletal muscle undergoes a reduction in muscle regenerative capacity leading to progressive muscle wasting, resulting in fibrotic remodelling and adipose infiltration. The loss of respiratory muscle in DMD culminates in respiratory insufficiency and eventually premature death. The pathways contributing to aberrant muscle remodelling are potentially modulated by gut microbial metabolites, thus making them plausible targets for pre- and probiotic supplementation. Prednisone, the gold standard therapy for DMD, drives gut dysbiosis, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype and leaky gut barrier contributing to several of the well-known side effects associated with chronic glucocorticoid treatment. Several studies have observed that gut microbial supplementation or transplantation exerts positive effects on muscle, including mitigating the side effects of prednisone. There is growing evidence in support of the potential for an adjunctive microbiota-directed regimen designed to optimise gut-muscle axis signalling, which could alleviate muscle wasting in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Marullo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ken D. O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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Gou X, Qin L, Wu D, Xie J, Lu Y, Zhang Q, He Y. Research Progress of Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 in Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2023; 28:5870. [PMID: 37570840 PMCID: PMC10421342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are acknowledged as signaling molecules involved in metabolic syndrome. The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) functions as a significant bile acid receptor. The accumulated evidence suggests that TGR5 involves lipid homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation regulation. In line with this, recent preclinical studies also demonstrate that TGR5 plays a significant role in the generation and progression of metabolic syndrome, encompassing type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, we discuss the role of TGR5 in metabolic syndrome, illustrating the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Gou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Di Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Liu Y, Xu L, Yang Z, Wang D, Li T, Yang F, Li Z, Bai X, Wang Y. Gut-muscle axis and sepsis-induced myopathy: The potential role of gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114837. [PMID: 37156115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is described as an immune response disorder of the host to infection in which microorganisms play a non-negligible role. Most survivors of sepsis experience ICU-acquired weakness, also known as septic myopathy, characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy, weakness, and irreparable damage/regenerated or dysfunctional. The mechanism of sepsis-induced myopathy is currently unclear. It has been believed that this state is triggered by circulating pathogens and their related harmful factors, leading to impaired muscle metabolism. Sepsis and its resulting alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with sepsis-related organ dysfunction, including skeletal muscle wasting. There are also some studies on interventions targeting the flora, including fecal microbiota transplants, the addition of dietary fiber and probiotics in enteral feeding products, etc., aiming to improve sepsis-related myopathy. In this review, we critically assess the potential mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of intestinal flora in the development of septic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ligang Xu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Sasaki T, Ikari N, Hashimoto S, Sato R. Identification of α-ionone, nootkatone, and their derivatives as TGR5 agonists. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:147-152. [PMID: 36870239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
TGR5 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated by bile acids. The activation of TGR5 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure by increasing the expression level of thermogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha, uncoupling protein 1, and type II iodothyronine deiodinase. Therefore, TGR5 is a potential drug target in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. In this study, we identified the aroma compounds α-ionone and nootkatone as well as their derivatives as TGR5 agonists by using the luciferase reporter assay system. These compounds had little effect on the activity of the farnesoid X receptor, a nuclear receptor activated by bile acids. Mice fed 0.2% α-ionone containing high-fat diet (HFD) increased the thermogenesis-related gene expression level in BAT and suppressed weight gain compared with mice fed a normal HFD. These findings indicate that aromatic compounds with TGR5 agonist activity are promising chemicals to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sasaki
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Ikari
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hashimoto
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Xiong Z, Wang M, Wu J, Shi X. Tceal7 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Development through Its Interaction with Cdk1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076264. [PMID: 37047236 PMCID: PMC10094454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported Tceal7 as a muscle-specific gene that represses myoblast proliferation and promotes myogenic differentiation. The regulatory mechanism of Tceal7 gene expression has been well clarified recently. However, the underlying mechanism of Tceal7 function in skeletal muscle development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we have generated an MCK 6.5 kb-HA-Tceal7 transgenic model. The transgenic mice are born normally, while they have displayed defects in the growth of body weight and skeletal muscle myofiber during postnatal development. Although four RxL motifs have been identified in the Tceal7 protein sequence, we have not detected any direct protein-protein interaction between Tceal7 and Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, Cylin D1, or Cyclin E1. Further analysis has revealed the interaction between Tceal7 and Cdk1 instead of Cdk2, Cdk4, or Cdk6. Transgenic overexpression of Tceal7 reduces phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 Ser65, p70S6K1 Thr389, and Cdk substrates in skeletal muscle. In summary, these studies have revealed a novel mechanism of Tceal7 in skeletal muscle development.
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Aoi W, Inoue R, Mizushima K, Honda A, Björnholm M, Takagi T, Naito Y. Exercise-acclimated microbiota improves skeletal muscle metabolism via circulating bile acid deconjugation. iScience 2023; 26:106251. [PMID: 36915683 PMCID: PMC10005909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual exercise alters the intestinal microbiota composition, which may mediate its systemic benefits. We examined whether transplanting fecal microbiota from trained mice improved skeletal muscle metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Fecal samples from sedentary and exercise-trained mice were gavage-fed to germ-free mice. After receiving fecal samples from trained donor mice for 1 week, recipient mice had elevated levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin growth factor-1 in skeletal muscle. In plasma, bile acid (BA) deconjugation was found to be promoted in recipients transplanted with feces from trained donor mice; free-form BAs also induced more AMPK signaling and glucose uptake than tauro-conjugated BAs. The transplantation of exercise-acclimated fecal microbiota improved glucose tolerance after 8 weeks of HFD administration. Intestinal microbiota may mediate exercise-induced metabolic improvements in mice by modifying circulating BAs. Our findings provide insights into the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka 5730101, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki 3000395, Japan
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
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Mannan Oligosaccharides Promoted Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy through the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020357. [PMID: 36673449 PMCID: PMC9858149 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs) have been implicated in the animal growth rate, health indices, and lipid oxidative stability. MOSs have been indicated to maintain intestinal health and anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the role of MOSs in modulating skeletal muscle function is largely unknown. Here, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MOS supplementation on muscle function and muscle mass in mice. Additionally, the possible underlying mechanisms, including the contributions of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites, were explored. In our study, 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice (body weight of approximately 10.7 ± 1.1 g) were given pure water or pure water with 1% MOS. To study the effect of MOSs on gut-microbiota-derived metabolites, serum metabolic profiles were analyzed through untargeted metabolomic profiling. Moreover, we detected the downstream signals of differential metabolites, and decanoic acid (DA) was selected as our target spot. Then, DA was used to treat C2C12 cells, and we found that DA promotes C2C12 cell differentiation via the GPR84 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, these results showed that MOS supplementation improves muscle function and muscle mass. Additionally, gut microbiome and microbial metabolites were regulated by MOSs, and DA may be one of the most important links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function regulation.
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Sun L, Li F, Tan W, Zhao W, Li Y, Zhu X, Gao P, Shu G, Wang S, Jiang Q, Wang L. Lithocholic acid promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through the TGR5 receptor. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:51-61. [PMID: 36647725 PMCID: PMC10157625 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a classical secondary bile acid formed by the metabolism of gut microbiota. The TGR5 receptor (also known as G protein-coupled receptor 1, GPBAR1) is an important bile acid membrane receptor that mediates a variety of metabolic processes <italic>in vivo</italic>. In recent years, most studies have focused on the role of bile acid receptors in the intestine and liver. However, there are few reports on its effect on skeletal muscle regeneration, and the specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of the TGR5 receptor in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. The results demonstrate that muscle injection with LCA significantly reduces the necrosis rate of injured muscle and improves muscle injury. Moreover, treatment of C2C12 cells with LCA significantly increases AKT/mTOR/FoxO3 phosphorylation through the TGR5 receptor, enhances MyoG transcription and reduces FBXO32 transcription. These findings indicate that LCA can activate the TGR5/AKT signaling pathway, inhibit protein degradation and promote protein synthesis to enhance the myogenic process and promote skeletal muscle regeneration. </p>.
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Liu X, Han L, Bi S, Ding X, Sheng Q, Jiang Y, Guan G, Niu Q, Jing X. Differential metabolites in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and muscle mass loss. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1068779. [PMID: 36875836 PMCID: PMC9980345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1068779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia leads to complications (infections, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites) and poor overall survival in patients with cirrhosis, in which the phenotypic presentation is loss of muscle mass. This study aimed to reveal the metabolic profile and identify potential biomarkers in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B virus and muscle mass loss. Method Twenty decompensated cirrhotic patients with HBV and muscle mass loss were designated Group S; 20 decompensated cirrhotic patients with HBV and normal muscle mass were designated Group NS; and 20 healthy people were designated Group H. Muscle mass loss was defined as the skeletal muscle mass index less than 46.96 cm2/m2 for males and less than 32.46 cm2/m2 for females. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to explore the distinct metabolites and pathways in the three groups. Results Thirty-seven metabolic products and 25 associated metabolic pathways were significantly different in the Group S patients from Group NS patients. Strong predictive value of 11 metabolites (inosine-5'-monophosphate, phosphoglycolic acid, D-fructose-6-phosphate, N-acetylglutamate, pyrophosphate, trehalose-6-phosphate, fumaric acid, citrulline, creatinine, (r)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, and 2-ketobutyric acid) were selected as potential biomarkers in Group S patients compared with Group NS patients. Two pathways may be associated with loss of muscle mass in patients with liver cirrhosis: amino acid metabolism and central carbon metabolism in cancer. Conclusion Seventy differential metabolites were identified in patients who have liver cirrhosis and loss of muscle mass compared with patients who have cirrhosis and normal muscle mass. Certain biomarkers might distinguish between muscle mass loss and normal muscle mass in HBV-related cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghua Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xueli Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Guan
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Maldonado L, Orozco-Aguilar J, Valero-Breton M, Tacchi F, Cifuentes-Silva E, Cabello-Verrugio C. Differential Fibrotic Response of Muscle Fibroblasts, Myoblasts, and Myotubes to Cholic and Deoxycholic Acids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:219-234. [PMID: 37093430 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a condition characterized by an increase in the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In skeletal muscle, the cells that participate in the synthesis of ECM are fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. These cells respond to soluble factors that increase ECM. Fibrosis is a phenomenon that develops in conditions of chronic inflammation, extensive lesions, or chronic diseases. A pathological condition with muscle weakness and increased bile acids (BA) in the blood is cholestatic chronic liver diseases (CCLD). Skeletal muscle expresses the membrane receptor for BA called TGR5. To date, muscle fibrosis in CCLD has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess whether BA can induce a fibrotic condition in muscle fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. The cells were incubated with deoxycholic (DCA) and cholic (CA) acids, and fibronectin protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. In muscle fibroblasts, both DCA and CA induced an increase in fibronectin protein levels. The same response was found in fibroblasts when activating TGR5 with the specific receptor agonist (INT-777). Interestingly, DCA reduced fibronectin protein levels in both myoblasts and myotubes, while CA did not show changes in fibronectin protein levels in myoblasts and myotubes. These results suggest that DCA and CA can induce a fibrotic phenotype in muscle-derived fibroblasts. On the other hand, DCA decreased the fibronectin in myoblasts and myotubes, whereas CA did not show any effect in these cell populations. Our results show that BA has different effects depending on the cell population to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Maldonado
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos (LEBi), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mayalen Valero-Breton
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Tacchi
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cifuentes-Silva
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Tacchi F, Orozco-Aguilar J, Valero-Breton M, Cabello-Verrugio C. Bile Acids Alter the Autophagy and Mitogenesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:183-199. [PMID: 37093428 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy decreases muscle mass with the subsequent loss of muscle function. Among the mechanisms that trigger sarcopenia is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria, whose primary function is to produce ATP, are dynamic organelles that present the process of formation (mitogenesis) and elimination (mitophagy). Failure of any of these processes contributes to mitochondrial malfunction. Mitogenesis is mainly controlled by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the expression of TFAM, which participates in mitogenesis. Mitophagy is a process of selective autophagy. Autophagy corresponds to a degradative pathway of protein complexes and organelles. Liver disease caused sarcopenia and increased bile acids in the blood. We demonstrated that the treatment with cholic (CA) or deoxycholic (DCA) bile acids generates mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of biomass. This work assessed whether CA and DCA alter autophagy and mitogenesis. For this, western blot evaluated the autophagy process by determining the protein levels of the LC3II/LC3I ratio. In addition, we assessed mitogenesis using a luciferase-coupled plasmid reporter for the PGC-1α promoter and the protein levels of TFAM by western blot. Our results indicate that treatment with CA or DCA induces autophagy, represented by an increase in the LC3II/LC3I ratio. In addition, a decreased autophagic flux was observed. On the other hand, when treated with CA or DCA, a decrease in the activity of the PGC-1α promoter was observed. However, the levels of TFAM increased in myotubes incubated with CA and DCA. Our results demonstrate that CA and DCA modulate autophagy ad mitogenesis in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Tacchi
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos (LEBi), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mayalen Valero-Breton
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Lefevre C, Bindels LB. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:422-432. [PMID: 36121571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the recent findings about the contribution of the gut microbiome to muscle pathophysiology and discuss molecular pathways that may be involved in such process. Related findings in the context of cancer cachexia are outlined. RECENT FINDINGS Many bacterial metabolites have been reported to exert a beneficial or detrimental impact on muscle physiology. Most of the evidence concentrates on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with an emerging role for bile acids, bacterial amino acid metabolites (bAAms), and bacterial polyphenol metabolites. Other molecular players worth considering include cytokines, hormones, lipopolysaccharides, and quorum sensing molecules. The current literature clearly establishes the ability for the gut microbiome to modulate muscle function and mass. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this gut-muscle axis may lead to the delivery of novel therapeutic tools to tackle muscle wasting in cancer cachexia, chronic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, and age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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22
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Tamai Y, Eguchi A, Shigefuku R, Kitamura H, Tempaku M, Sugimoto R, Kobayashi Y, Iwasa M, Takei Y, Nakagawa H. Association of lithocholic acid with skeletal muscle hypertrophy through TGR5-IGF-1 and skeletal muscle mass in cultured mouse myotubes, chronic liver disease rats and humans. eLife 2022; 11:80638. [PMID: 36206032 PMCID: PMC9545520 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic sarcopenia is one of many complications associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) and has a high mortality rate; however, the liver-muscle axis is not fully understood. Therefore, few effective treatments exist for hepatic sarcopenia, the best of which being branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation to help increase muscle mass. Our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of hepatic sarcopenia focused on bile acid (BA) composition. Methods: The correlation between serum BA levels and psoas muscle mass index (PMI) was examined in 73 CLD patients. Gastrocnemius muscle phenotype and serum BA levels were assessed in CLD rats treated with BCAA. Mouse skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) were incubated with lithocholic acid (LCA), G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonist or TGR5 antagonist to assess skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Results: In human CLD, serum LCA levels were the sole factor positively correlated with PMI and were significantly decreased in both the low muscle mass group and the deceased group. Serum LCA levels were also shown to predict patient survival. Gastrocnemius muscle weight significantly increased in CLD rats treated with BCAA via suppression of protein degradation pathways, coupled with a significant increase in serum LCA levels. LCA treated C2C12 hypertrophy occurred in a concentration-dependent manner linked with TGR5-Akt pathways based upon inhibition results via a TGR5 antagonist. Conclusions: Our results indicate LCA-mediated skeletal muscle hypertrophy via activation of TGR5-IGF1-Akt signaling pathways. In addition, serum LCA levels were associated with skeletal muscle mass in cirrhotic rats, as well as CLD patients, and predicted overall patient survival. Funding: This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 22K08011 and 21H02892, and AMED under Grant Number JP21fk0210090 and JP22fk0210115. Maintaining cirrhotic rats were partially supported by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryuta Shigefuku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Center for Physical and mental health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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23
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Yin Y, Guo Q, Zhou X, Duan Y, Yang Y, Gong S, Han M, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Li F. Role of brain-gut-muscle axis in human health and energy homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947033. [PMID: 36276808 PMCID: PMC9582522 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between brain, gut and skeletal muscle plays a key role in energy homeostasis of the body, and is becoming a hot topic of research. Intestinal microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites, communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to their receptors. In fact, there is a cross-talk between the CNS and the gut. The CNS, under the stimulation of pressure, will also affect the stability of the intestinal system, including the local intestinal transport, secretion and permeability of the intestinal system. After the gastrointestinal tract collects information about food absorption, it sends signals to the central system through vagus nerve and other channels to stimulate the secretion of brain-gut peptide and produce feeding behavior, which is also an important part of maintaining energy homeostasis. Skeletal muscle has receptors for SCFAs and BAs. Therefore, intestinal microbiota can participate in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and muscle fiber conversion through their metabolites. Skeletal muscles can also communicate with the gut system during exercise. Under the stimulation of exercise, myokines secreted by skeletal muscle causes the secretion of intestinal hormones, and these hormones can act on the central system and affect food intake. The idea of the brain-gut-muscle axis is gradually being confirmed, and at present it is important for regulating energy homeostasis, which also seems to be relevant to human health. This article focuses on the interaction of intestinal microbiota, central nervous, skeletal muscle energy metabolism, and feeding behavior regulation, which will provide new insight into the diagnostic and treatment strategies for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhikang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Geng S, Zhang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Di Y, Li J, Lou Q, Zhang L. Effects of Fat Type and Exogenous Bile Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Lipid Metabolism and Breast Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101258. [PMID: 35625104 PMCID: PMC9137457 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and breast muscle fatty acids composition in broiler chickens. A total of 432 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were stochastically distributed to a 2 × 2 factorial design comprised of two fat types (soybean oil and lard) and two levels of BAs (0 and 80 mg/kg) included in diets, totaling 4 treatments of 6 replicate pens with 18 chicks per replicate pen. Compared with treatments with soybean oil, dietary inclusion of lard increased the digestibility of ether extract (EE) in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42, and increased the level of serum triglycerides and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on d 21 (p < 0.05). The level of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in breast muscle were also increased (p < 0.05) when feeding lard versus soybean oil. Dietary supplementation with BAs elevated average daily gain and reduced the ratio of feed to gain at d 0−21 and 0−42, significantly (p < 0.05). The digestibility of EE in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42 were also increased by BAs (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol content as well as the percentage of abdominal fat on d 42, and ALT activity on d 21 were decreased when BAs were fed (p < 0.05). The concentration of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and MUFAs of breast muscle were decreased by BAs. These results indicate that BAs can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility, elevate carcass characteristics, and improve lipid metabolism, and their effects on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics were more pronounced in broiler chickens fed diets with lard.
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25
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Guan B, Tong J, Hao H, Yang Z, Chen K, Xu H, Wang A. Bile acid coordinates microbiota homeostasis and systemic immunometabolism in cardiometabolic diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2129-2149. [PMID: 35646540 PMCID: PMC9136572 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), characterized with metabolic disorder triggered cardiovascular events, is a leading cause of death and disability. Metabolic disorders trigger chronic low-grade inflammation, and actually, a new concept of metaflammation has been proposed to define the state of metabolism connected with immunological adaptations. Amongst the continuously increased list of systemic metabolites in regulation of immune system, bile acids (BAs) represent a distinct class of metabolites implicated in the whole process of CMD development because of its multifaceted roles in shaping systemic immunometabolism. BAs can directly modulate the immune system by either boosting or inhibiting inflammatory responses via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, BAs are key determinants in maintaining the dynamic communication between the host and microbiota. Importantly, BAs via targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and diverse other nuclear receptors play key roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis of lipids, glucose, and amino acids. Moreover, BAs axis per se is susceptible to inflammatory and metabolic intervention, and thereby BAs axis may constitute a reciprocal regulatory loop in metaflammation. We thus propose that BAs axis represents a core coordinator in integrating systemic immunometabolism implicated in the process of CMD. We provide an updated summary and an intensive discussion about how BAs shape both the innate and adaptive immune system, and how BAs axis function as a core coordinator in integrating metabolic disorder to chronic inflammation in conditions of CMD.
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Key Words
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter
- BAs, bile acids
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- BSH, bile salt hydrolases
- Bile acid
- CA, cholic acid
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CCs, cholesterol crystals
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CMD, cardiometabolic disease
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
- CYP8B1, sterol 12α-hydroxylase
- Cardiometabolic diseases
- DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FA, fatty acids
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FMO3, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- HCA, hyocholic acid
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HFD, high fat diet
- HNF, hepatocyte nuclear receptor
- IL, interleukin
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
- Nuclear receptors
- OCA, obeticholic acid
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RCT, reverses cholesterol transportation
- ROR, retinoid-related orphan receptor
- S1PR2, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- Systemic immunometabolism
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, takeda G-protein receptor 5
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
- Therapeutic opportunities
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- ox-LDL, oxidated low-density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Guan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinlin Tong
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhixu Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
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Ishimwe JA, Dola T, Ertuglu LA, Kirabo A. Bile acids and salt-sensitive hypertension: a role of the gut-liver axis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H636-H646. [PMID: 35245132 PMCID: PMC8957326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) affects 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive populations. Importantly, SSBP is associated with increased risk for mortality in both populations independent of blood pressure. Despite its deleterious effects, the pathogenesis of SSBP is not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests a novel role of bile acids in salt-sensitive hypertension and that they may play a crucial role in regulating inflammation and fluid volume homeostasis. Mechanistic evidence implicates alterations in the gut microbiome, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), the farnesoid X receptor, and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 in bile acid-mediated effects on cardiovascular function. The mechanistic interplay between excess dietary sodium-induced alterations in the gut microbiome and immune cell activation, bile acid signaling, and whether such interplay may contribute to the etiology of SSBP is still yet to be defined. The main goal of this review is to discuss the potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease with a focus on salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thanvi Dola
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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SASAKI T, OKUDA M, HONG TW, WATANABE Y, TAKAHASHI Y, SHIMIZU M, YAMAUCHI Y, SATO R. Sesamin and Hepatic Metabolites Derived from Sesamin and Episesamin Antagonize Farnesoid X Receptor and Reduce the Expression of Gluconeogenesis-Related Genes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:55-64. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi SASAKI
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mako OKUDA
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tzu-Wen HONG
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuichi WATANABE
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yu TAKAHASHI
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Makoto SHIMIZU
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshio YAMAUCHI
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryuichiro SATO
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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29
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Rubio-Lopez J, Di X, Yang W, Kohler I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Plasma Levels of Bile Acids Are Related to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:715-723. [PMID: 34718617 PMCID: PMC8851912 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged adults. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped, relatively healthy young adults. METHODS Body composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1 ± 2.2 years, 67% women) were measured. RESULTS Plasma levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, cholic acid (CA), CDCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass (LBM) levels, while GDCA and glycolithocholic acid (GLCA) levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and GUDCA were positively associated with glucose and insulin serum levels, HOMA index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-8 levels, but negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoA1, and adiponectin levels, yet these significant correlations partially disappeared after the inclusion of LBM as a confounder. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that plasma levels of BA might be sex dependent and are associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors in young and relatively healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - José Rubio-Lopez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), RC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Borja Martinez-Tellez, PhD, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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30
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Bile Acid Dysregulation Is Intrinsically Related to Cachexia in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246389. [PMID: 34945009 PMCID: PMC8699129 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cachexia is considered a multi-organ syndrome. An improved understanding of how circulating molecules can affect tissues and mediate their crosstalk in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia is emerging. Considering the various actions of bile acids on host metabolism and immunity, they could represent innovative targets in cancer cachexia. In this study, we investigated how bile acids could contribute to this syndrome by assessing the bile flow, by comparing the impact on bile acid pathways of cachexia-inducing and non-cachexia-inducing cell sublines, and by investigating the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, a choleretic compound, in cachectic mice. Altogether, our analyses strengthen the importance of bile acids and their receptors as key players in the metabolic disorders associated with cancer, thereby laying the foundation for new therapeutic opportunities. Abstract Bile acids exert diverse actions on host metabolism and immunity through bile acid-activated receptors, including Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). We have recently evidenced an alteration in bile acids in cancer cachexia, an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome contributing to cancer death. This current study aims to further explore the links emerging between bile acids and cancer cachexia. First, we showed that bile flow is reduced in cachectic mice. Next, comparing mice inoculated with cachexia-inducing and with non-cachexia-inducing C26 colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that alterations in the bile acid pathways and profile are directly associated with cachexia. Finally, we performed an interventional study using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a compound commonly used in hepatobiliary disorders, to induce bile acid secretion and decrease inflammation. We found that UDCA does not improve hepatic inflammation and worsens muscle atrophy in cachectic mice. This exacerbation of the cachectic phenotype upon UDCA was accompanied by a decreased TGR5 activity, suggesting that TGR5 agonists, known to reduce inflammation in several pathological conditions, could potentially counteract cachectic features. This work brings to light major evidence sustaining the emerging links between bile acids and cancer cachexia and reinforces the interest in studying bile acid-activated receptors in this context.
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Qiu Y, Yu J, Li Y, Yang F, Yu H, Xue M, Zhang F, Jiang X, Ji X, Bao Z. Depletion of gut microbiota induces skeletal muscle atrophy by FXR-FGF15/19 signalling. Ann Med 2021; 53:508-522. [PMID: 33783283 PMCID: PMC8018554 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence indicates that host-gut microbiota crosstalk has nonnegligible effects on host skeletal muscle, yet gut microbiota-regulating mechanisms remain obscure.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with a cocktail of antibiotics (Abx) to depress gut microbiota for 4 weeks. The profiles of gut microbiota and microbial bile acids were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), respectively. We performed qPCR, western blot and ELISA assays in different tissue samples to evaluate FXR-FGF15/19 signaling.Results: Abx treatment induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. These effects were associated with microbial dysbiosis and aberrant bile acid (BA) metabolism in intestine. Ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling was inhibited in response to microbial BA disturbance. Mechanistically, circulating FGF15 was decreased, which downregulated skeletal muscle protein synthesis through the extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Treating Abx mice with FGF19 (human FGF15 ortholog) partly reversed skeletal muscle loss.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the BA-FXR-FGF15/19 axis acts as a regulator of gut microbiota to mediate host skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Qiu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyuan Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xue
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Ji
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Murata S, Sasaki T, Yamauchi Y, Shimizu M, Sato R. Maslinic acid activates mTORC1 and human TGR5 and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2311-2321. [PMID: 34459485 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maslinic acid, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene in more than 30 plants (including olives), reportedly increases human muscle mass and muscle strength; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or supplemented with 0.27% maslinic acid for 4 weeks, and their skeletal muscle mass was measured. Mice that consumed maslinic acid displayed significant increases in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass. Cultured mouse-C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) or protein kinase b (Akt) inhibitor, and protein synthesis was quantified. Maslinic acid accelerated protein synthesis via mTORC1 activation independent of Akt. Furthermore, maslinic acid activated human Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) more strongly than mouse TGR5, augmenting the expression of several genes related to muscular hypertrophy. Maslinic acid activated mTORC1 and human TGR5, implying its contribution to human muscular hypertrophy through these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Murata
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Valentino TR, Vechetti IJ, Mobley CB, Dungan CM, Golden L, Goh J, McCarthy JJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome impairs mouse skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. J Physiol 2021; 599:4845-4863. [PMID: 34569067 DOI: 10.1113/jp281788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence of a gut microbiome-skeletal muscle axis. The purpose of this study was to determine if an intact gut microbiome was necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Forty-two 4-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to untreated (U) or antibiotic-treated (T) non-running controls (CU or CT, respectively) or progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR, P) untreated (PU) or antibiotic-treated (PT) groups. Antibiotic treatment resulted in disruption of the gut microbiome as indicated by a significant depletion of gut microbiome bacterial species in both CT and PT groups. The training stimulus was the same between PU and PT groups as assessed by weekly (12.35 ± 2.06 vs. 11.09 ± 1.76 km/week, respectively) and total (778.9 ± 130.5 vs. 703.8 ± 112.9 km, respectively) running activity. In response to PoWeR, PT showed less hypertrophy of soleus type 1 and 2a fibres and plantaris type 2b/x fibres compared to PU. The higher satellite cell and myonuclei abundance of PU plantaris muscle after PoWeR was not observed in PT. The fibre-type shift of PU plantaris muscle to a more oxidative type 2a fibre composition following PoWeR was blunted in PT. There was no difference in serum cytokine levels among all groups suggesting disruption of the gut microbiome did not induce systemic inflammation. The results of this study provide the first evidence that an intact gut microbiome is necessary for skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. KEY POINTS: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome caused by continuous antibiotic treatment did not affect running activity. Continuous treatment with antibiotics did not result in systemic inflammation as indicated by serum cytokine levels. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with blunted fibre type-specific hypertrophy in the soleus and plantaris muscles in response to progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with impaired PoWeR-induced fibre-type shift in the plantaris muscle. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with a loss of PoWeR-induced myonuclei accretion in the plantaris muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Valentino
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Cory M Dungan
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lesley Golden
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Gemikonakli G, Mach J, Hilmer SN. Interactions Between the Aging Gut Microbiome and Common Geriatric Giants: Polypharmacy, Frailty, and Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1019-1028. [PMID: 32064521 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has pervasive bidirectional relationships with pharmacotherapy, chronic disease, and physical and cognitive function. We conducted a narrative review of the current literature to examine the relationships between the gut microbiome, medication use, sarcopenia and frailty, and cognitive impairment. Data from in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments in invertebrates and complex organisms, and humans indicate associations between the gut microbiome and geriatric syndromes. Better understanding of the direct and indirect roles of the microbiome may inform future prevention and management of geriatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gemikonakli
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mach
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Nicole Hilmer
- Laboratory of Ageing and Pharmacology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Orozco-Aguilar J, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Redox-Dependent Effects in the Physiopathological Role of Bile Acids. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4847941. [PMID: 34527174 PMCID: PMC8437588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4847941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are recognized by their role in nutrient absorption. However, there is growing evidence that BA also have endocrine and metabolic functions. Besides, the steroidal-derived structure gives BA a toxic potential over the biological membrane. Thus, cholestatic disorders, characterized by elevated BA on the liver and serum, are a significant cause of liver transplant and extrahepatic complications, such as skeletal muscle, central nervous system (CNS), heart, and placenta. Further, the BA have an essential role in cellular damage, mediating processes such as membrane disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to describe the BA and their role on hepatic and extrahepatic complications in cholestatic diseases, focusing on the association between BA and the generation of oxidative stress that mediates tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal inflammation: implications of bile acids. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sasaki T, Watanabe Y, Kuboyama A, Oikawa A, Shimizu M, Yamauchi Y, Sato R. Muscle-specific TGR5 overexpression improves glucose clearance in glucose-intolerant mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100131. [PMID: 33262218 PMCID: PMC7949087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TGR5, a G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, is expressed in various tissues and regulates several physiological processes. In the skeletal muscle, TGR5 activation is known to induce muscle hypertrophy; however, the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism are not well understood, despite the fact that the skeletal muscle plays a major role in energy metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that skeletal muscle-specific TGR5 transgenic (Tg) mice exhibit increased glucose utilization, without altering the expression of major genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Metabolite profiling analysis by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed that glycolytic flux was activated in the skeletal muscle of Tg mice, leading to an increase in glucose utilization. Upon long-term, high-fat diet challenge, blood glucose clearance was improved in Tg mice without an accompanying increase in insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and a reduction of body weight. Moreover, Tg mice showed improved age-associated glucose intolerance. These results strongly suggest that TGR5 ameliorated glucose metabolism disorder that is caused by diet-induced obesity and aging by enhancing the glucose metabolic capacity of the skeletal muscle. Our study demonstrates that TGR5 activation in the skeletal muscle is effective in improving glucose metabolism and may be beneficial in developing a novel strategy for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sasaki
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Watanabe
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayane Kuboyama
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fernández-Mincone T, Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramírez M, García-Valdés P, López-Fuenzalida A, Riquelme A, Arab JP, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Barrera F. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia: pathophysiological connections and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1141-1157. [PMID: 32811209 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1810563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Recent data suggest that loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (i.e. sarcopenia) is highly prevalent and frequently overlooked in NAFLD patients. Experimental and clinical data suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia is pathophysiologically complex and bi-directional and there is a growing interest in unveiling how sarcopenia could influence NAFLD development and progression. AREAS COVERED PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for articles related to concomitant occurrence of NAFLD and sarcopenia between January 2013 and April 2020. Areas covered in this review include: (1) updated sarcopenia diagnosis strategy, (2) discussion of current data on pathophysiological connections between NAFLD and sarcopenia, and (3) analysis of current and future therapeutic implications of this knowledge. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies describe a consistent association between NAFLD and sarcopenia, although a cause-effect relation remains to be determined. Active implementation of current diagnosis algorithms and optimized treatment can prevent sarcopenia related complications in subjects with NAFLD. Pathogenic pathways implicated in this relation are multiple and complex, a better understanding of them can provide novel biomarkers and targeted therapies that will hopefully have an important impact in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fernández-Mincone
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio García-Valdés
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio López-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnoldo Riquelme
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins , Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Yap KN, Yamada K, Zikeli S, Kiaris H, Hood WR. Evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the lens of ecology and evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:541-556. [PMID: 33164297 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for variation in the life-history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. However, an underappreciated and understudied area that could play a role in mediating inter- and intraspecific variation of life history is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the resulting unfolded protein response (UPRER ). ER stress response and the UPRER maintain proteostasis in cells by reducing the intracellular load of secretory proteins and enhancing protein folding capacity or initiating apoptosis in cells that cannot recover. Proper modulation of the ER stress response and execution of the UPRER allow animals to respond to intracellular and extracellular stressors and adapt to constantly changing environments. ER stress responses are heritable and there is considerable individual variation in UPRER phenotype in animals, suggesting that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected to natural selection. The variation in UPRER phenotype presumably reflects the way animals respond to ER stress and environmental challenges. Most of what we know about ER stress and the UPRER in animals has either come from biomedical studies using cell culture or from experiments involving conventional laboratory or agriculturally important models that exhibit limited genetic diversity. Furthermore, these studies involve the assessment of experimentally induced qualitative changes in gene expression as opposed to the quantitative variations that occur in naturally existing populations. Almost all of these studies were conducted in controlled settings that are often quite different from the conditions animals experience in nature. Herein, we review studies that investigated ER stress and the UPRER in relation to key life-history traits including growth and development, reproduction, bioenergetics and physical performance, and ageing and senescence. We then ask if these studies can inform us about the role of ER stress and the UPRER in mediating the aforementioned life-history traits in free-living animals. We propose that there is a need to conduct experiments pertaining to ER stress and the UPRER in ecologically relevant settings, to characterize variation in ER stress and the UPRER in free-living animals, and to relate the observed variation to key life-history traits. We urge others to integrate multiple physiological systems and investigate how interactions between ER stress and oxidative stress shape life-history trade-offs in free-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Nian Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - KayLene Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Shelby Zikeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, U.S.A
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
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Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice Requires the Expression of the Bile Acids Membrane Receptor TGR5. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217922. [PMID: 33113850 PMCID: PMC7662491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition of muscle dysfunction, commonly associated with chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by a decline in muscle strength, the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and oxidative stress. We recently described a murine model of CLD-induced sarcopenia by intake of hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), which presents an increase in plasma bile acids (BA). BA induced skeletal muscle atrophy through a mechanism dependent on the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the role of TGR5 signaling in the development of sarcopenia using a model of DDC-induced CLD in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TGR5 expression (TGR5−/− mice). The results indicate that the decline in muscle function and contractibility induced by the DDC diet is dependent on TGR5 expression. TGR5 dependence was also observed for the decrease in fiber diameter and sarcomeric proteins, as well as for the fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber type. UPS overactivation, indicated by increased atrogin-1/MAFbx (atrogin-1) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) protein levels and oxidative stress, was abolished in tibialis anterior muscles from TGR5−/− mice. Our results collectively suggest that all sarcopenia features induced by the DDC-supplemented diet in mice are dependent on TGR5 receptor expression.
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Terui R, Yanase Y, Yokoo H, Suhara Y, Makishima M, Demizu Y, Misawa T. Development of Selective TGR5 Ligands Based on the 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene Skeleton. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:458-462. [PMID: 32969181 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
TGR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays an important role in several physiological functions. TGR5 activation through bile acids induces an increase in energy expenditure. Therefore, synthetic TGR5 ligands could be useful for the treatment of obesity or dyslipidemia. In this study, we designed and synthesized a set of TGR5 ligands with a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethylnaphthalene (TMN) skeleton, and evaluated their TGR5 agonistic activity. We also investigated the selectivity of the synthesized compounds for TGR5 relative to the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Our results show that compound 4 b [N-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenecarboxamide] exhibited potent TGR5 agonist activity with an IC50 value of 8.4 nM without significant cytotoxicity. In addition, compound 4 b showed only slight agonistic activity toward FXR and RAR at 1 μM treatment. These data indicate that compound 4 b is a selective TGR5 agonist, and could be a promising therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Terui
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanase
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Yokoo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Misawa
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Perino A, Demagny H, Velazquez-Villegas L, Schoonjans K. Molecular Physiology of Bile Acid Signaling in Health, Disease, and Aging. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:683-731. [PMID: 32790577 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, bile acids (BAs) have become established as important signaling molecules that enable fine-tuned inter-tissue communication from the liver, their site of production, over the intestine, where they are modified by the gut microbiota, to virtually any organ, where they exert their pleiotropic physiological effects. The chemical variety of BAs, to a large extent determined by the gut microbiome, also allows for a complex fine-tuning of adaptive responses in our body. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which BA receptors coordinate several aspects of physiology and highlights new therapeutic strategies for diseases underlying pathological BA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Laura Velazquez-Villegas
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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43
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Zou Y, Qi Z. Understanding the Role of Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: ERS-Linked Molecular Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6412916. [PMID: 32774148 PMCID: PMC7397409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6412916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is globally prevalent and characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), enhanced hepatic inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) at the subcellular level underlies these featured pathologies in the development of NAFLD. As an effective treatment, exercise significantly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and thus alleviates NAFLD. Confusingly, these benefits of exercise are associated with increased or decreased ERS in the liver. Further, the interaction between diet, medication, exercise types, and intensity in ERS regulation is more confusing, though most studies have confirmed the benefits of exercise. In this review, we focus on understanding the role of exercise-modulated ERS in NAFLD and ERS-linked molecular pathways. Moderate ERS is an essential signaling for hepatic lipid homeostasis. Higher ERS may lead to increased inflammation and apoptosis in the liver, while lower ERS may lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, exercise acts like an igniter or extinguisher to keep ERS at an appropriate level by turning it up or down, which depends on diet, medications, exercise intensity, etc. Exercise not only enhances hepatic tolerance to ERS but also prevents the malignant development of steatosis due to excessive ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Nishiguchi S, Iijima H. Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5254. [PMID: 32722100 PMCID: PMC7432211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting much attention these days because of the close linkage to adverse outcomes. LC can be related to secondary sarcopenia due to protein metabolic disorders and energy metabolic disorders. LC is associated with profound alterations in gut microbiota and injuries at the different levels of defensive mechanisms of the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis refers to a state in which the diversity of gut microbiota is decreased by decreasing the bacterial species and the number of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. The severe disturbance of intestinal barrier in LC can result in dysbiosis, several bacterial infections, LC-related complications, and sarcopenia. Here in this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between sarcopenia and dysbiosis in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
- Center for Clinical Research and Education, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan
| | - Hirayuki Enomoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
| | | | - Hiroko Iijima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 6638136, Japan; (H.E.); (H.I.)
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Holter MM, Chirikjian MK, Briere DA, Maida A, Sloop KW, Schoonjans K, Cummings BP. Compound 18 Improves Glucose Tolerance in a Hepatocyte TGR5-dependent Manner in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072124. [PMID: 32708970 PMCID: PMC7400836 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile acid receptor, TGR5, is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis, but the mechanisms by which TGR5 signaling improves glucose regulation are incompletely defined. In particular, TGR5 has an increasingly appreciated role in liver physiology and pathobiology; however, whether TGR5 signaling within the liver contributes to its glucoregulatory effects is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of hepatocyte TGR5 signaling on glucose regulation using a hepatocyte-specific TGR5 knockout mouse model. Hepatocyte-specific Tgr5Hep+/+ and Tgr5Hep−/− mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks and then orally gavaged with three doses of a highly potent, TGR5-specific agonist, Compound 18 (10 mg/kg), or vehicle, over 72 h and underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after the last dose. Herein, we report that TGR5 mRNA and protein is present in mouse hepatocytes. Cumulative food intake, body weight, and adiposity do not differ between Tgr5Hep+/+ and Tgr5Hep−/− mice with or without treatment with Compound 18. However, administration of Compound 18 improves glucose tolerance in Tgr5HEP+/+ mice, but not in Tgr5Hep−/− mice. Further, this effect occurred independent of body weight and GLP-1 secretion. Together, these data demonstrate that TGR5 is expressed in hepatocytes, where it functions as a key regulator of whole-body glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena M. Holter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (M.M.H.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Margot K. Chirikjian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (M.M.H.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Daniel A. Briere
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA (K.W.S.)
| | - Adriano Maida
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.M.); (K.S.)
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle W. Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA (K.W.S.)
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Bethany P. Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (M.M.H.); (M.K.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-253-3552
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of lipids in animal membranes. All living cells can synthesize cholesterol, but the amount of synthesis is not sufficient, and therefore cholesterol synthesized in the liver is delivered to extrahepatic tissues as a form of LDL. The liver is a primary organ to not only synthesize but also catabolize cholesterol into bile acids, which ends up to excrete with the feces. The synthetic and catabolic pathways are precisely regulated under the negative-feedback control system under the transcriptional regulation driven by several transcription factors such as the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), the liver x receptor, and the farnesoid x receptor. This review summarizes various findings including our recent discoveries in the molecular mechanism of activation of SREBP that is involved in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and a novel function of the metabolic end product of cholesterol, bile acids, in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Marciniak C, Duhem C, Boulinguiez A, Raverdy V, Baud G, Verkindt H, Caiazzo R, Staels B, Duez H, Pattou F, Lancel S. Differential unfolded protein response in skeletal muscle from non-diabetic glucose tolerant or intolerant patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:819-826. [PMID: 32086613 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Not all people with obesity become glucose intolerant, suggesting differential activation of cellular pathways. The unfolded protein response (UPR) may contribute to the development of insulin resistance in several organs, but its role in skeletal muscle remains debated. Therefore, we explored the UPR activation in muscle from non-diabetic glucose tolerant or intolerant patients with obesity and the impact of bariatric procedures. METHODS Muscle biopsies from 22 normoglycemic (NG, blood glucose measured 120 min after an oral glucose tolerance test, G120 < 7.8 mM) and 22 glucose intolerant (GI, G120 between 7.8 and 11.1 mM) patients with obesity were used to measure UPR activation by RTqPCR and western blot. Then, UPR was studied in biopsies from 7 NG and 7 GI patients before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. RESULTS Binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) protein was ~ 40% higher in the GI compared to NG subjects. Contrastingly, expression of the UPR-related genes BIP, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and unspliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1u) were significantly lower and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) tended to decrease (p = 0.08) in GI individuals. While BIP protein positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.38, p = 0.01), ATF6 and CHOP were associated with G120 (r = - 0.38 and r = - 0.41, p < 0.05) and the Matsuda index (r = 0.37 and r = 0.38, p < 0.05). Bariatric surgery improved metabolic parameters, associated with higher CHOP expression in GI patients, while ATF6 tended to increase (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS CHOP and ATF6 expression decreased in non-diabetic GI patients with obesity and was modified by bariatric surgery. These genes may contribute to glucose homeostasis in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Marciniak
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christian Duhem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Boulinguiez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gregory Baud
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Aguirre F, Tacchi F, Gonzalez A, Meza MP, Simon F, Cabrera D, Arrese M, Karpen S, Cabello-Verrugio C. Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid induce skeletal muscle atrophy through a mechanism dependent on TGR5 receptor. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:260-272. [PMID: 32506638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, such as myosin heavy chain or troponin. An increase in the expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, and oxidative stress are involved in muscle atrophy. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) develop muscle wasting. Several bile acids increase in plasma during cholestatic CLD, among them, cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). The receptor for bile acids, TGR5, is expressed in healthy skeletal muscles. TGR5 is involved in the regulation of muscle differentiation and metabolic changes. In this paper, we evaluated the participation of DCA and CA in the generation of an atrophic condition in myotubes and isolated fibers from the muscle extracted from wild-type (WT) and TGR5-deficient (TGR5-/- ) male mice. The results show that DCA and CA induce a decrease in diameter, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein levels, two typical atrophic features in C2 C12 myotubes. We also observed similar results when INT-777 agonists activated the TGR5 receptor. To evaluate the participation of TGR5 in muscle atrophy induced by DCA and CA, we used a culture of muscle fiber isolated from WT and TGR5-/- mice. Our results show that DCA and CA decrease the fiber diameter and MHC protein levels, and there is an increase in atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and oxidative stress in WT fibers. The absence of TGR5 in fibers abolished all these effects induced by DCA and CA. Thus, we demonstrated that CS and deoxycholic acid induce skeletal muscle atrophy through TGR5 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguirre
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Tacchi
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Meza
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina-Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina-Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Saul Karpen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility suand Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chen L, Bai J, Li Y. miR‑29 mediates exercise‑induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA, COL4A1 and COL4A2 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:661-670. [PMID: 32467996 PMCID: PMC7339600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms in the response of skeletal muscle to exercise. The microarray dataset ‘GSE109657’ of the skeletal muscle response to high-intensity intermittent exercise training (HIIT) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the significant functional co-expressed gene modules. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis was performed for the DEGs in the significant modules. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and microRNA (miR)-transcription factor (TF)-target regulatory network were constructed. A total of 530 DEGs in the skeletal muscle were screened after HIIT, suggesting an effect of HIIT on the skeletal muscle. Moreover, three significant modules (brown, blue and red modules) were identified after WGCNA, and the genes Collagen Type IV α1 Chain (COL4A1) and COL4A2 in the brown module showed the strongest correlation with HIIT. The DEGs in the three modules were significantly enriched in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix organization and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the PPI network contained 104 nodes and 211 interactions. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), COL4A1 and COL4A2 were the hub genes in the PPI network, and were all regulated by miR-29a/b/c. In addition, VEGFA, COL4A1 and COL4A2 were significantly upregulated in the skeletal muscle response to HIIT. Therefore, the present results suggested that the growth and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and skeletal muscle angiogenesis may be regulated by miR-29a/b/c targeting VEGFA, COL4A1 and COL4A2 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The present results may provide a theoretical basis to investigate the effect of exercise on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jun Bai
- Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Office of Academic Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
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50
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Huang S, Ma S, Ning M, Yang W, Ye Y, Zhang L, Shen J, Leng Y. TGR5 agonist ameliorates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. Metabolism 2019; 99:45-56. [PMID: 31295453 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE TGR5 plays an important role in many physiological processes. However, the functions of TGR5 in the regulation of the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles have not been fully elucidated. We synthesized MN6 as a potent and selective TGR5 agonist. Here, the effect of MN6 on insulin resistance in skeletal muscles was evaluated in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and C2C12 myotubes, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. METHODS The activation of MN6 on human and mouse TGR5 was evaluated by a cAMP assay in HEK293 cell lines stable expressing hTGR5/CRE or mTGR5/CRE cells. GLP-1 secretion was measured in NCI-H716 cells and CD1 mice. The acute and chronic effects of MN6 on regulating metabolic abnormalities were observed in ob/ob and DIO mice. 2-deoxyglucose uptake was examined in isolated skeletal muscles. Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were examined to assess the effects of MN6 on palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. RESULTS MN6 potently activated human and mouse TGR5 with EC50 values of 15.9 and 17.9 nmol/L, respectively, and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells and CD1 mice. A single oral dose of MN6 significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in ob/ob mice. Treatment with MN6 for 15 days reduced the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in ob/ob mice. MN6 improved glucose and insulin tolerance and enhanced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of skeletal muscles in DIO mice. The palmitate-induced impairment of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in C2C12 myotubes could be prevented by MN6. The effect of MN6 on palmitate-impaired insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of TGR5 or by the inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A, suggesting that this effect is dependent on the activation of TGR5 and the cAMP/PKA pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that a TGR5 agonist could ameliorate insulin resistance by the cAMP/PKA pathway in skeletal muscles; this uncovered a new effect of the TGR5 agonist on regulating the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles and further strengthened its potential value for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cyclopropanes/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Glucose/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Quinoxalines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shanyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yangliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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