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Tan Z, Shen P, Wen Y, Sun HY, Liang HY, Qie HJ, Dai RW, Gao Y, Huang Z, Zhou W, Tang LJ. Assessment of metabolomic variations among individuals returning to plain areas after exposure to high altitudes: a metabolomic analysis of human plasma samples with high-altitude de-acclimatization syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1375360. [PMID: 38962282 PMCID: PMC11220191 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1375360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) is gradually becoming a public health concern as millions of individuals of different occupations migrate to high-altitude areas for work due to economic growth in plateau areas. HADA affects people who return to lower elevations after exposure to high altitudes. It causes significant physiological and functional changes that can negatively impact health and even endanger life. However, uncertainties persist about the detailed mechanisms underlying HADA. Methods We established a population cohort of individuals with HADA and assessed variations in metabolite composition. Plasm samples of four groups, including subjects staying at plain (P) and high altitude (H) as well as subjects suffering from HADA syndrome with almost no reaction (r3) and mild-to-moderate reaction (R3) after returning to plain from high altitude, were collected and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry metabolomic. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to explore significant differences and potential clinical prospect of metabolites. Result Although significantly different on current HADAS diagnostic symptom score, there were no differences in 17 usual clinical indices between r3 and R3. Further multivariate analyses showed isolated clustering distribution of the metabolites among the four groups, suggesting significant differences in their metabolic characteristics. Through K-means clustering analysis, we identified 235 metabolites that exhibited patterns of abundance change consistent with phenotype of HADA syndrome. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated a high influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids under high-altitude conditions. We compared the metabolites between R3 and r3 and found 107 metabolites with differential abundance involved in lipid metabolism and oxidation, suggesting their potential role in the regulation of oxidative stress homeostasis. Among them, four metabolites might play a key role in the occurrence of HADA, including 11-beta-hydroxyandrosterone-3-glucuronide, 5-methoxyindoleacetate, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid, and PysoPC (20:5). Conclusion We observed the dynamic variation in the metabolic process of HADA. Levels of four metabolites, which might be provoking HADA mediated through lipid metabolism and oxidation, were expected to be explore prospective indices for HADA. Additionally, metabolomics was more efficient in identifying environmental risk factors than clinical examination when dramatic metabolic disturbances underlying the difference in symptoms were detected, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HADAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-yu Sun
- Department of Central Lab, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-yin Liang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-ji Qie
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-wu Dai
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Huang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang X, Hu T, Jiang Y, He Y, Li P, Peng W, Wang Y, Su W. Jingzhi Guanxin Oral Liquids Attenuate Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease via Modulating Lipid Metabolism and PPAR-Related Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:784. [PMID: 38931451 PMCID: PMC11206304 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Jingzhi Guanxin Oral Liquids (JZGX), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation prepared from the decoction of five herbs, has been utilized to relieve chest pain with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the chemical composition and therapeutic mechanisms of JZGX remain obscured. In this research, the potential targets and pathways of JZGX against CAD were anticipated through network pharmacology based on analyzing its chemical constituents using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. One hundred seven ingredients in JZGX were identified. The 39 active chemicals and 37 key targets were screened, and CAD-related signaling pathways were clustered, mainly associated with lipid metabolism. Subsequently, the atherosclerotic CAD animal model employing 24 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) ApoE-/- mice was constructed to investigate the JZGX efficacy and underlying mechanisms validating network forecasts. The histological staining examination and cardiovascular biomarker tests confirmed that JZGX reduced plaque formation in the aorta and decreased blood lipids in vivo. It featured anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and myocardial protective effects. JZGX prevented excessive lipid deposits and inflammation within the liver and exhibited hepatoprotective properties. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that JZGX ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in atherosclerotic CAD mice and prompted lipid metabolism, especially linoleic acid. The PPARs and attached critical targets (SREBP1, FASN, PTGS2, and CYP3A), filtered from the networks and connected with lipid metabolism, were dramatically modulated through JZGX administration, as revealed by western blotting. The molecular docking outcomes showed that all 39 active ingredients in JZGX had good binding activity with PPARα and PPARγ. These findings illustrate that JZGX alleviates atherosclerotic CAD progression by remodeling the lipid metabolism and regulating PPAR-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Li B, Li M, Qi X, Tong T, Zhang G. The causal associations of circulating lipids with Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer: a bi-directional, two sample mendelian randomization analysis. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:37. [PMID: 38627859 PMCID: PMC11020202 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The causal associations of circulating lipids with Barrett's Esophagus (BE) and Esophageal Cancer (EC) has been a topic of debate. This study sought to elucidate the causality between circulating lipids and the risk of BE and EC. METHODS We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of circulating lipids (n = 94,595 - 431,167 individuals), BE (218,792 individuals), and EC (190,190 individuals) obtained from the publicly available IEU OpenGWAS database. The robustness and reliability of the results were ensured by employing inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. The presence of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of instrumental variables were assessed through MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Additionally, bidirectional MR and multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to explore reverse causality and adjust for known confounders, respectively. RESULTS None of the testing methods revealed statistically significant horizontal pleiotropy, directional pleiotropy, or heterogeneity. Univariate MR analyses using IVW indicated a robust causal relationship between increased triglycerides and BE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, p-value = 0.009), while no significant association with EC was observed. Inverse MR analysis indicated no evidence of reverse causality in the aforementioned outcomes. In MVMR analyses, elevated triglycerides (TRG) were significantly and positively associated with BE risk (OR = 1.79, p-value = 0.041). CONCLUSION This MR study suggested that genetically increased triglycerides were closely related to an elevated risk of BE, potentially serving as a biomarker for the diagnosis of BE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Ti Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Che X, Hong X, Gross S, Pearson C, Bartell T, Wang X, Wang G. Maternal Mediterranean-Style Diet Adherence during Pregnancy and Metabolomic Signature in Postpartum Plasma: Findings from the Boston Birth Cohort. J Nutr 2024; 154:846-855. [PMID: 38278216 PMCID: PMC10942856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of a Mediterranean-style diet (MSD) are well observed, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Metabolomic profiling offers a systematic approach for identifying which metabolic biomarkers and pathways might be affected by an MSD. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify postpartum plasma metabolites that are associated with MSD adherence during pregnancy and to further test whether these identified metabolites may vary by maternal characteristics. METHODS We analyzed data from 1410 mothers enrolled in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). A maternal food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered and epidemiologic information was obtained via an in-person standard questionnaire interview within 24-72 h postpartum. Maternal clinical information was extracted from electronic medical records. A Mediterranean-style diet score (MSDS) was calculated using responses to the FFQ. Metabolomic profiling in postpartum plasma was conducted by liquid chromatography-MS. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations of each metabolite with an MSDS, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Among the 380 postpartum plasma metabolites analyzed, 24 were associated with MSDS during pregnancy (false discovery rate < 0.05). Of 24 MSDS-associated metabolites, 19 were lipids [for example, triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), PC plasmalogen, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine]; others were amino acids (methionine sulfoxide and threonine), tropane (nor-psi-tropine), vitamin (vitamin A), and nucleotide (adenosine). The association of adenosine and methionine sulfoxide with MSDS differed by race (P-interaction = 0.033) and maternal overweight or obesity status (P-interaction = 0.021), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the BBC, we identified 24 postpartum plasma metabolites associated with MSDS during pregnancy. The associations of the 2 metabolites varied by maternal race and BMI. This study provides a new insight into dietary effects on health under the skin. More studies are needed to better understand the metabolic pathways underlying the short- and long-term health benefits of an MSD during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Che
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan Gross
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tami Bartell
- Patrick M. Magoon Institute for Healthy Communities, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Berriozabalgoitia A, Ruiz de Gordoa JC, Amores G, Santamarina-Garcia G, Hernández I, Virto M. Normal-Fat vs. High-Fat Diets and Olive Oil vs. CLA-Rich Dairy Fat: A Comparative Study of Their Effects on Atherosclerosis in Male Golden Syrian Hamsters. Metabolites 2023; 13:827. [PMID: 37512534 PMCID: PMC10383941 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between milk fat intake (because of its high saturated fatty acid content) and the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Thus, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed two types of fat-sheep milk fat that was rich in rumenic (cis9,trans11-18:2) and vaccenic (trans11-18:1) acids and olive oil-and two doses (a high- or normal-fat diet) for 14 weeks, and markers of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis evolution were analyzed. The results revealed that the type and percentage of fat affected most plasma biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism, while only the expression of five (CD36, SR-B1, ACAT, LDLR, and HMG-CoAR) of the studied lipid-metabolism-related genes was affected by these factors. According to aortic histology, when ingested in excess, both fats caused a similar increase in the thickness of fatty streaks, but the high-milk-fat-based diet caused a more atherogenic plasma profile. The compositions of the fats that were used, the results that were obtained, and the scientific literature indicated that the rumenic acid present in milk fat would regulate the expression of genes involved in ROS generation and, thus, protect against LDL oxidation, causing an effect similar to that of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Amores
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Santamarina-Garcia
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Igor Hernández
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mailo Virto
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Prevención, Promoción y Cuidados en Salud, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Metals and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort of midlife women in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112976. [PMID: 35202625 PMCID: PMC9869389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, evidence from midlife women who are at greater risk of cardiometabolic disease is limited. We assessed the associations of 15 urinary metal concentrations with incident MetS in a prospective cohort of midlife women in the United States. The study population included 947 White, Black, Chinese and Japanese women, aged 45-56 years, free of MetS at baseline (1999-2000), who participated in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Fifteen metals were detected in almost all participants urine samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the baseline. Incident MetS was identified annually through 2017 as having at least three of the following five components: high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and poor high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We used the Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations between individual metals and MetS incidence. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) for MetS in associations with each doubling of urinary metal concentration were 1.14 (1.08, 1.23) for arsenic, 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) for cobalt, and 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) for zinc. We further evaluated the associations between metal mixtures and MetS using the elastic net penalized Cox model and summarized the results into the environmental risk score (ERS). Arsenic, barium, cobalt, copper, nickel, antimony, thallium, and zinc had positive weights, and cadmium, cesium, mercury, molybdenum, lead, and tin had negative weights in the construction of the ERS. The adjusted HR of MetS comparing 75th vs. 25th percentiles of the ERS was 1.45 (1.13, 1.87). These findings support the view that arsenic, cobalt, zinc, as well as metal mixtures, might influence the risks of incident MetS in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Plant-Based Foods and Vascular Function: A Systematic Review of Dietary Intervention Trials in Older Subjects and Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132615. [PMID: 35807796 PMCID: PMC9268664 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, still the leading cause of mortality in the world, are closely related to vascular function. Older subjects are more susceptible to endothelial dysfunction and therefore it is important to define possible preventive or support strategies, such as consumption of foods with health-promoting effects. This systematic review aims to summarize the currently available evidence on acute or chronic trials testing the effect of selected plant-based foods on vascular function parameters in older subjects, and consider plausible mechanisms that may support the main findings. A total of 15 trials were included and analyzed, testing the effects of beetroot, plum, blueberry, and vegetable oils. We found some interesting results regarding markers of vascular reactivity, in particular for beetroot, while no effects were found for markers of arterial stiffness. The amelioration of vascular function seems to be more related to the restoration of a condition of nitric oxide impairment, exacerbated by diseases or hypoxic condition, rather than the enhancement of a physiological situation, as indicated by the limited effects on healthy older subjects or in control groups with young subjects. However, the overall set of selected studies is, in any case, rather limited and heterogeneous in terms of characteristics of the studies, indicating the need for additional high-quality intervention trials to better clarify the role of vegetable foods in restoring and/or improving vascular function in order to better elucidate the mechanisms through which these foods may exert their vascular health benefits in older subjects.
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Al-Qaridhi A, Ghosh S, Luo D, Huang H. Magnesium and Zinc Intake Ratio Mediates the Increase of Coronary Artery Calcification through Upregulating Interleukin 6. Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2028997. [PMID: 35289237 PMCID: PMC8928801 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2022.2028997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Al-Qaridhi
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Department, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sounak Ghosh
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Department, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Cardiovascular Department, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Department, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Liang HJ, Zhang QY, Hu YT, Liu GQ, Qi R. Hypertriglyceridemia: A Neglected Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke? J Stroke 2022; 24:21-40. [PMID: 35135057 PMCID: PMC8829486 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is caused by defects in triglyceride metabolism and generally manifests as abnormally high plasma triglyceride levels. Although the role of hypertriglyceridemia may not draw as much attention as that of plasma cholesterol in stroke, plasma triglycerides, especially nonfasting triglycerides, are thought to be correlated with the risk of ischemic stroke. Hypertriglyceridemia may increase the risk of ischemic stroke by promoting atherosclerosis and thrombosis and increasing blood viscosity. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemia may have some protective effects in patients who have already suffered a stroke via unclear mechanisms. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-jie Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-tong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Rong Qi Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China Tel: +86-10-8280-5164 Fax: +86-10-8280-5164 E-mail:
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10
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Zhang N, Cheng Y, Luo R, Chang D, Liu T, Wang Z, Guo K, Ge S, Xu G. Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and Mortality in Adults With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:301-311. [PMID: 34972598 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term safety of consuming low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) remains controversial. As high protein and high fat might accelerate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, the impact of LCD on mortality might be different in subjects with CKD and subjects without CKD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association of LCD with mortality among individuals with and without CKD. METHODS Data from 1158 subjects with CKD and 9523 subjects without CKD in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The LCD score was calculated based on a 24-hour dietary recall interview. Mortality was from baseline until 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 24 years, 751 (65%) deaths and 2624 (28%) deaths were recorded in the CKD group and the non-CKD group, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus lowest quarters of LCD score was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.25, P for trend = 0.045) in the CKD group. However, there were no association between the LCD score and all-cause mortality in the non-CKD group. CONCLUSIONS The LCD scores were found significantly positively associated with all-cause mortality in adults with CKD, but not in adults without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanglin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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He P, Li H, Zhang Y, Lin T, Song Y, Liu C, Liang M, Nie J, Wang B, Guo H, Wang X, Huo Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Qin X. Prospective association between baseline plasma zinc concentration and development of proteinuria in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126755. [PMID: 33838565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the association between baseline plasma zinc and the development of proteinuria as well as possible effect modifiers in hypertensive patients. METHODS This is a subset of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) Renal Sub-Study. In the CSPPT, participants were randomized to receive a daily oral dose of 1 tablet containing 10 mg enalapril and 0.8 mg folic acid or 1 tablet containing 10 mg enalapril only. A total of 783 participants with plasma zinc measurements and without proteinuria at baseline were included in the current study. The study outcome was the development of proteinuria during the follow-up, defined as a urine dipstick reading of trace or ≥1+ at the exit visit. RESULTS During a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, the development of proteinuria occurred in 93 (11.9 %) participants. There was an inverse relation of baseline plasma zinc with the development of proteinuria (per SD increment; OR, 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.55-0.99), p for trend of quartiles = 0.005. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese hypertensive patients, there was a significant inverse association between baseline plasma zinc and the development of proteinuria, although plasma zinc remained in the reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tengfei Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Min Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Osaka M, Deushi M, Aoyama J, Funakoshi T, Ishigami A, Yoshida M. High-Fat Diet Enhances Neutrophil Adhesion in LDLR-Null Mice Via Hypercitrullination of Histone H3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:507-523. [PMID: 34222722 PMCID: PMC8246031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil adhesion on the atheroprone femoral artery of high-fat diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice was enhanced more than in wild-type mice. The inhibition of histone H3 citrullination of neutrophils reversed the enhancement of neutrophil adhesion, suggesting that hypercitrullination contributes to enhanced neutrophil adhesion. Furthermore, pemafibrate reduced the citrullination of histone H3 in these mice. Therefore, the hypercitrullination of histone H3 in neutrophils contributes to atherosclerotic vascular inflammation.
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Key Words
- BM, bone marrow
- BW, body weight
- DNaseI, deoxyribonuclease I
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IVM, intravital microscopy
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LysM, lysosome M
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NC, normal chow
- NE, neutrophil elastase
- NET, neutrophil extracellular trap
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- TC, total cholesterol
- TDFA, N-acetyl-l-threonyl-l-α-aspartyl-N5-(2-fluoro-1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithinamide trifluoroacetate salt
- TG, triglyceride
- citrullination
- cxcl1
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- in vivo imaging
- neutrophil
- vascular inflammation
- wt, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Deushi
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Aoyama
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Research Team for Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Nguyen S, Mangubat M, Eleswarapu S, Wilson JB, Molina J, Abraham A, Artaza JN, Friedman TC, Ferrini MG. The Combination of High-Fat Diet and Oral Marijuana Promotes the Development of Fibrosis in the Mouse Corpora Cavernosa. Sex Med 2021; 9:100312. [PMID: 33540365 PMCID: PMC8072182 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The link between cannabis use and erectile dysfunction remains unclear. Moreover, the effect of cannabis in tandem with current Western dietary habits is an area in male sexual health that has yet to be explored. This study seeks to investigate the impact of diet and cannabis on penile health in an animal model. AIM To determine the effects of diet and oral cannabis extract on fibrosis and oxidative stress within the corpora cavernosa of mice. METHODS This is a pilot animal study in which groups of 2-month old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) daily and treated with or without either MJ or THC extract for 2 months. After euthanization, mouse penises were isolated and processed for immunohistochemical studies to determine: (i) smooth muscle cell to collagen content, (ii) myofibroblast proliferation, and (iii) anti-oxidative activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical markers of fibrosis and oxidative stress within the corpora cavernosa of mice fed a high-fat diet in combination with either oral marijuana (MJ) or Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol extract (THC). RESULTS The combination of HFD with MJ resulted in: (i) a decrease in the smooth/collagen ratio in the corpora cavernosa, (ii) an increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in the tunica albuginea compatible with myofibroblast proliferation, and (iii) a decrease in heme oxygenase 1 expression indicating an increase in oxidative stress. Significant histological changes were not observed in the HFD + THC group. CONCLUSIONS HFD combined with oral MJ extract led to structural alterations in erectile tissue that are associated with accelerated corporal fibrosis. However, the addition of THC to the diet did not exacerbate histological changes within the corpora. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the discrepant effects between MJ and THC in order to optimize the therapeutic potential of cannabis and minimize its adverse effects on penile health. S Nguyen, M Mangubat, S Eleswarapu, et al. The Combination of High-Fat Diet and Oral Marijuana Promotes the Development of Fibrosis in the Mouse Corpora Cavernosa. Sex Med 2021;9:100312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nguyen
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mangubat
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sriram Eleswarapu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian B Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Abraham
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge N Artaza
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica G Ferrini
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Halama A, Oliveira JM, Filho SA, Qasim M, Achkar IW, Johnson S, Suhre K, Vinardell T. Metabolic Predictors of Equine Performance in Endurance Racing. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020082. [PMID: 33572513 PMCID: PMC7912089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine performance in endurance racing depends on the interplay between physiological and metabolic processes. However, there is currently no parameter for estimating the readiness of animals for competition. Our objectives were to provide an in-depth characterization of metabolic consequences of endurance racing and to establish a metabolic performance profile for those animals. We monitored metabolite composition, using a broad non-targeted metabolomics approach, in blood plasma samples from 47 Arabian horses participating in endurance races. The samples were collected before and after the competition and a total of 792 metabolites were measured. We found significant alterations between before and after the race in 417 molecules involved in lipids and amino acid metabolism. Further, even before the race starts, we found metabolic differences between animals who completed the race and those who did not. We identified a set of six metabolite predictors (imidazole propionate, pipecolate, ethylmalonate, 2R-3R-dihydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxy-isovalerate and X-25455) of animal performance in endurance competition; the resulting model had an area under a receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.98). This study provides an in-depth characterization of metabolic alterations driven by endurance races in equines. Furthermore, we showed the feasibility of identifying potential metabolic signatures as predictors of animal performance in endurance competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (K.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Joao M. Oliveira
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar; (J.M.O.); (M.Q.); (S.J.)
| | - Silvio A. Filho
- Department of Endurance Racing, Al Shaqab, Doha 36623, Qatar;
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar; (J.M.O.); (M.Q.); (S.J.)
| | - Iman W. Achkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar; (J.M.O.); (M.Q.); (S.J.)
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (K.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tatiana Vinardell
- Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar; (J.M.O.); (M.Q.); (S.J.)
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (K.S.); (T.V.)
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15
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Neupane B, Sydykov A, Pradhan K, Vroom C, Herden C, Karnati S, Ghofrani HA, Avdeev S, Ergün S, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D. Influence of gender in monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension in obese rats and mice. Respir Res 2020; 21:136. [PMID: 32493503 PMCID: PMC7268383 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and pulmonary hypertension (PH) share common characteristics, such as augmented inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the exact role of obesity in the pathology of PH is largely uninvestigated. Therefore, we have hypothesized that in the context of obesity the gender difference may have influence on development of PH in animal models of this disease. METHODS Animal experiments were conducted in monocrotaline (MCT) and chronic hypoxia (HOX) models of PH. Lean and obese Zucker rats or B6 mice of both genders were used for MCT or HOX models, respectively. Echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, histology and immuno-histochemistry were performed to analyze various parameters, such as right ventricular function and hypertrophy, hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling and lung inflammation. RESULTS Both lean and obese male and female Zucker rats developed PH after a single MCT injection. However, negligible differences were seen between lean and obese male rats in terms of PH severity at the end stage of disease. Conversely, a more prominent and severe PH was observed in obese female rats compared to their lean counterparts. In contrast, HOX induced PH in lean and obese, male and female mice did not show any apparent differences. CONCLUSION Gender influences PH severity in obese MCT-injected rats. It is also an important factor associated with altered inflammation. However, further research is necessary to investigate and reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Neupane
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Medizinischen Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kabita Pradhan
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Medizinischen Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Vroom
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Khosravi M, Poursaleh A, Ghasempour G, Farhad S, Najafi M. The effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. Biol Chem 2020; 400:711-732. [PMID: 30864421 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) known widely world wide. Several hypothesizes are suggested to be involved in the narrowing of arteries during process of atherogenesis. The oxidative modification hypothesis is related to oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance and is the most investigated. The aim of this study was to review the role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it describes the roles of oxidative/anti-oxidative enzymes and compounds in the macromolecular and lipoprotein modifications and in triggering inflammatory events. The reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the most important endogenous sources produced by non-enzymatic and enzymatic [myeloperoxidase (MPO), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) oxidase and lipoxygenase (LO)] reactions that may be balanced with anti-oxidative compounds [glutathione (GSH), polyphenols and vitamins] and enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), peroxiredoxins (Prdx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase (PON)]. However, the oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance causes the involvement of cellular proliferation and migration signaling pathways and macrophage polarization leads to the formation of atherogenic plaques. On the other hand, the immune occurrences and the changes in extra cellular matrix remodeling can develop atherosclerosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adeleh Poursaleh
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikhnia Farhad
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects? Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010093. [PMID: 31905662 PMCID: PMC7019783 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia has increased worldwide. The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of these conditions is not well understood. This study examines the relationship between dietary zinc (Zn) intake and plasma concentrations of Zn, copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) with lipid profile indicators, fatty acid composition in plasma phospholipids and desaturase enzyme activities in a dyslipidemic population. The role of the newly proposed biomarker of Zn status, the linoleic:dihomo-gama-linolenic acid (LA:DGLA) ratio, in predicting Zn status of dyslipidemic subjects has been explored. The study included 27 dyslipidemic adults, 39-72 years old. Trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and fatty acid composition by a liquid gas chromatography. Desaturase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios. Dietary data were obtained using 24 h recall questionnaires. Insufficient dietary intake of Zn, low plasma Zn concentrations and an altered Cu:Zn ratio is related to modified fatty acid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia. Plasma Zn status was associated with obesity. There was no correlation between dietary Zn intake and plasma Zn status. The LA:DGLA ratio was inversely linked to dietary Zn intake. Cu, in addition to Zn, may directly or indirectly, affect the activity of desaturase enzymes.
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18
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Every egg may have a targeted purpose: toward a differential approach to egg according to composition and functional effect. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933910000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carriazo S, Perez-Gomez MV, Cordido A, García-González MA, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Dietary Care for ADPKD Patients: Current Status and Future Directions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071576. [PMID: 31336917 PMCID: PMC6683072 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic nephropathy, and tolvaptan is the only therapy available. However, tolvaptan slows but does not stop disease progression, is marred by polyuria, and most patients worldwide lack access. This and recent preclinical research findings on the glucose-dependency of cyst-lining cells have renewed interest in the dietary management of ADPKD. We now review the current dietary recommendations for ADPKD patients according to clinical guidelines, the evidence base for those, and the potential impact of preclinical studies addressing the impact of diet on ADPKD progression. The clinical efficacy of tolvaptan has put the focus on water intake and solute ingestion as modifiable factors that may impact tolvaptan tolerance and ADPKD progression. By contrast, dietary modifications suggested to ADPKD patients, such as avoiding caffeine, are not well supported and their impact is unknown. Recent studies have identified a chronic shift in energy production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) as a contributor to cyst growth, rendering cyst cells exquisitely sensitive to glucose availability. Therefore, low calorie or ketogenic diets have delayed preclinical ADPKD progression. Additional preclinical data warn of potential negative impact of excess dietary phosphate or oxalate in ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Carriazo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Cordido
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.°11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel García-González
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.°11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - James OKeefe
- Preventive cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Pentoxifylline ameliorates chronic stress/high-fat diet-induced vascular wall disease: the role of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:669-683. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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DiNicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe JH. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing inflammation. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000946. [PMID: 30564378 PMCID: PMC6269634 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas, Missouri, USA
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Eshak ES, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Maruyama K, Umesawa M, Tamakoshi A. Associations between copper and zinc intakes from diet and mortality from cardiovascular disease in a large population-based prospective cohort study. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29529560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have related cardiovascular disease (CVD) to serum concentrations of copper and zinc but not to their dietary intakes. We thought to examine the association between dietary intakes of copper and zinc with risk of mortality from CVD in a prospective study encompassing 58,646 healthy Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years. The intakes of copper and zinc were determined by a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and their associations with risk of mortality from CVD were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard modelling. During 965, 970 person-years of follow-up between 1989-2009, we documented 3,388 CVD deaths [1,514 from stroke, 702 from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 1,172 from other CVD]. Copper intake was not associated with CHD mortality; however, the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from stroke, other CVD and total CVD in the highest versus the lowest quintiles of copper intake among men were 1.78 (1.16-2.77; P-trend=0.007), 1.61 (1.01-2.81; P-trend =0.03) and 1.63 (1.21-2.33; P-trend=0.001), respectively, and those among women were 1.49 (1.00-2.19; P-trend=0.04), 1.59 (1.09-2.55; P-trend =0.02) and 1.36 (1.06-1.69; P-trend=0.01), respectively. Higher intakes of zinc was inversely associated with mortality from CHD in men; 0.68 (0.58-1.03; P-trend=0.05) but not women; 1.13 (0.71- 1.49; P-trend=0.61). No associations were observed with other mortality endpoints. In conclusion, dietary copper intake was positively associated with mortality from CVD in both genders; whereas, higher dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with mortality from CHD in men but not women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Shalaby land, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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Ioannone F, Sacchetti G, Serafini M. Effect of Dark Chocolate Extracts on Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-Induced Oxidative Burst in Leukocytes Isolated by Normo-Weight and Overweight/Obese Subjects. Front Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28649567 PMCID: PMC5465242 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory stress represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in overweight and obese subjects. Between the different plant foods, chocolate has been shown to decrease CVD risk due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, as we recently showed in epidemiological studies, meta-analyses, and human trials, dietary antioxidants resulted more effective in subjects characterized by an ongoing oxidative stress, than in healthy people. Aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chocolate phenolic extract (CPE) on in vitro free radical production, stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), in leukocytes extracted from blood of normo-weight and overweight/obese subjects. Neutrophils from overweight/obese group had a significantly higher free radical production compared to the normo-weight group. In neutrophils, the lowest CPE concentration significantly reduced free radical production in overweight/obese group only, and higher CPE concentrations were effective in both groups. In monocytes, the CPE concentration that was significantly effective in reducing free radical production was lower in overweight/obese subjects than in normo-weight subjects. Chocolate polyphenol extracts inhibit oxidative burst in human neutrophils and monocytes with a higher efficiency in subjects characterized by an unphysiological oxidative/inflammatory stress, such as overweight and obese. Results of this study provide further evidence about a differential role of dietary antioxidant strictly related to the “stress” condition of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ioannone
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giampiero Sacchetti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Different Intestinal Microbial Profile in Over-Weight and Obese Subjects Consuming a Diet with Low Content of Fiber and Antioxidants. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060551. [PMID: 28555008 PMCID: PMC5490530 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been related to an increased risk of multiple diseases in which oxidative stress and inflammation play a role. Gut microbiota has emerged as a mediator in this interaction, providing new mechanistic insights at the interface between fat metabolism dysregulation and obesity development. Our aim was to analyze the interrelationship among obesity, diet, oxidative stress, inflammation and the intestinal microbiota in 68 healthy adults (29.4% normal-weight). Diet was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire and converted into nutrients and dietary compounds using food composition tables. The intestinal microbiota was assessed by quantitative PCR, fecal short chain fatty acids by gas chromatography and serum biomarkers by standard protocols. Higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), C reactive protein (CRP), serum leptin, glucose, fat percentage and the intestinal Lactobacillus group were found in the obese people. Cluster analysis of body mass index, fat mass, glucose, LDL/HDL ratio, leptin, MDA and CRP classified the subjects into two groups. The levels of the intestinal Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group were lower in the cluster and linked to a higher pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status, whose individuals also had lower intake of fruits, dried fruits, and fish. These results could be useful for designing strategies targeted to obesity prevention.
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Impact of 8-week linoleic acid intake in soy oil on Lp-PLA 2 activity in healthy adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 28503188 PMCID: PMC5422895 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No intervention follow-up study has examined the association between plasma n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine whether the administration of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in soy oil affected Lp-PLA2 activity in healthy adults. METHODS Self-reported healthy participants (n = 150) were randomly assigned to three groups: a low LA group, in which 10 mL soy oil was replaced with one apple; a medium LA group, in which the typical food intake was maintained; and a high LA group, in which 1/3 cup of cooked refined rice was replaced with 9.9 g of soy oil capsules daily. Plasma fatty acids and Lp-PLA2 activity were measured along with other CVD risk factors. RESULTS After 8 weeks of treatment, plasma LA levels decreased in the low LA group and increased in the high LA group. The high LA group showed greater increases in apolipoprotein B (apoB) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) than those in the low LA group. Plasma LA levels and Lp-PLA2 activities demonstrated greater increases in the high LA group than those in the medium and low LA groups. Changes in plasma LA positively and independently correlated with changes in Lp-PLA2 activity, which was negatively correlated with changes in collagen-epinephrine closure time (CEPI-CT). CONCLUSIONS An increase in plasma LA following intake of soy oil was independently associated with Lp-PLA2 activity, which was also related to apoB, ox-LDL and CEPI-CT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrail.gov Identifier: NCT02753907, registered 25 April 2016 (retrospectively registered).
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The association between Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1609-1616. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)TM, which was developed to characterize the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet, has been shown to be associated with inflammatory conditions such as cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association between DII scores and colorectal adenoma (CRA), a pre-cancerous condition.DesignResponses to baseline dietary questionnaires were used calculate DII scores. In a cross-sectional study design, the association between DII scores and CRA prevalence was determined in men and women separately using logistic regression models.SettingTen cancer screening centres across the USA.SubjectsParticipants were those included in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.ResultsAmong the 44 278 individuals included in these analyses, men with diets in the most inflammatory quartile of DII scores had higher odds of all types of CRA (advanced, non-advanced and multiple (>1)) compared with those with diets in the least inflammatory quartile of DII scores. In fully adjusted models, compared with those with DII scores in quartile 1 (least inflammatory), males with DII scores in quartile 3 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1·28; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·47) and quartile 4 (aOR=1·41; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·62) were more likely to have prevalent distal CRA. Higher DII scores, representing a more inflammatory diet, also were weakly associated with a higher prevalence of CRA in women.ConclusionsImplementing an anti-inflammatory diet may be an effective means of primary prevention of CRA, especially in men.
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Yazici-Tutunis S, Gurel-Gurevin E, Ustunova S, Demirci-Tansel C, Mericli F. Possible effects of Phillyrea latifolia on weight loss in rats fed a high-energy diet. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1991-1997. [PMID: 26850900 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1137952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Phillyrea latifolia L. (Oleaceae), commonly found in the Mediterranean region in Turkey, is used as medicinal teas for weight loss and hyperglycaemia in folk medicine. Objective The study investigated the possible effects of P. latifolia leaves aqueous extract's on weight loss and biochemical-histological changes in the rats fed a high-energy diet (HED), also isolated and determined the main phenolic compounds. Materials and methods Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four equal groups such as the HED group fed a HED, the PLE group given only the extract of P. latifolia leaves (220 mg/kg), the HED + PLE group administrated with the extract of leaves (220 mg/kg) after being fed with HED and a control group fed with standard pellet diet. Results PLE administration caused a remarkable decrement of body weight in the HED + PLE group (p < 0.05). PLE showed an improved effect on structural integrity and decreased leukocyte infiltration in liver and small intestinal tissues. The blood glucose (117.3 mmol/L), leptin (5.6 ng/mL), total cholesterol (61.8 mg/dL) and LDL (9.3 mmol/L) levels were significantly increased in the HED group. PLE administration in the HED group decreased these levels. The levels of HDL (26.8 mmol/L) in the HED + PLE group were higher than both control and HED groups. Chemical composition was investigated and luteolin 7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid were determined for the first time in Turkish sample from the EtOAc extract of leaves. Discussion and conclusion Phillyrea latifolia leaves may have beneficial effects on obesity related cellular problems and may become a good source of antidiabetic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Yazici-Tutunis
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel-Gurevin
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Savas Ustunova
- c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Bezmialem Vakıf University , Bezmialem , Turkey
| | - Cihan Demirci-Tansel
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Filiz Mericli
- d Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy-Phytotherapy , Near East University Faculty of Pharmacy , Nicosia , TRNC - Mersin , Turkey
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Sampson UKA, Engelgau MM, Peprah EK, Mensah GA. Endothelial dysfunction: a unifying hypothesis for the burden of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 26:S56-60. [PMID: 25962949 PMCID: PMC4557489 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the leading causes of death and disability worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chief among which is ischaemic heart disease. However, it is also recognised that ischaemic heart disease frequently coexists with other vascular conditions, such as cerebrovascular, renovascular and peripheral vascular disease, thus raising the notion of a common underlying pathobiology, albeit with differing manifestations, dictated by the implicated vascular bed. The understanding that common metabolic and behavioural risk factors as well as social determinants and drivers are convergent in the development of CVD evokes the idea that the dysfunction of a common bio-molecular platform is central to the occurrence of these diseases. The state of endothelial activation, otherwise known as endothelial dysfunction, occurs when reactive oxygen signalling predominates due to an uncoupled state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This can be a physiological response to stimulation of the innate immune system or a pathophysiological response triggered by cardiovascular disease risk factors. The conventional wisdom is that the endothelium plays an important role in the initiation, progression and development of CVD and other non-communicable diseases. Consequently, the endothelium has remarkable relevance in clinical and public health practice as well as in health education, health promotion, and disease- and risk-factor prevention strategies. It also presents a plausible unifying hypothesis for the burden of CVD seen globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. Importantly, the heterogeneity in individual responses to metabolic, behavioural, and social drivers of CVD may stem from a complex interplay of these drivers with genomic, epigenetic and environmental factors that underpin eNOS uncoupling. Therefore, further biomedical research into the underlying genetic and other mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling may enlighten and shape strategies for addressing the burden of CVD in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu K A Sampson
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael M Engelgau
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel K Peprah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Marchix J, Choque B, Kouba M, Fautrel A, Catheline D, Legrand P. Excessive dietary linoleic acid induces proinflammatory markers in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1434-41. [PMID: 26337666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following the historical dietary recommendations, the substitution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) resulted in a dramatic increase of linoleic acid (LA) in the Western diet. While proatherogenic properties of SFAs have been described, the involvement of LA on the inflammatory process remains controversial. Herein, we evaluated the effects of an excessive LA intake on the cytokine-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, in comparison with a control diet and regarding a "positive" SFA diet. Wistar rats were fed experimental diets - a control diet or diets enriched with LA or SFA - for 11 weeks. Plasma lipid parameters and proinflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed. Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and NF-κB was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. No difference was observed in body weight. The enriched diets did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in plasma. Our results demonstrated that excessive dietary LA intake increased TNF-α levels (P<.05) in plasma. Rats fed the LA-enriched diet showed a significantly higher expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in aortas. In addition, our results demonstrated that an excess of LA is more efficient to activate endothelial molecular process than an excess of SFA. The present study provides further support for the proinflammatory properties of LA and suggests an LA-derivatives pathway involved in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Marchix
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Choque
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Maryline Kouba
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- INSERM U620, IFR 120 Core histopathology platform, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
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Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc homeostasis and immunosenescence. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:24-30. [PMID: 25022332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For more than 50 years, zinc is known to be an essential trace element, having a regulatory role in the immune system. Deficiency in zinc thus compromises proper immune function, like it is observed in the elderly population. Here mild zinc deficiency is a common condition, documented by a decline of serum or plasma zinc levels with age. This leads to a dysregulation mainly in the adaptive immunity that can result in an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as a status called inflamm-aging. T cell activation as well as polarization of T helper (Th) cells into their different subpopulations (Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells (Treg)) is highly influenced by zinc homeostasis. In the elderly a shift of the Th cell balance towards Th2 response is observed, a non-specific pre-activation of T cells is displayed, as well as a decreased response to vaccination is seen. Moreover, an impaired function of innate immune cells indicate a predominance of zinc deficiency in the elderly that may contribute to immunosenescence. This review summarizes current findings about zinc deficiency and supplementation in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Irwin DC, Garat CV, Crossno JT, MacLean PS, Sullivan TM, Erickson PF, Jackman MR, Harral JW, Reusch JEB, Klemm DJ. Obesity-related pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats correlates with increased circulating inflammatory cytokines and lipids and with oxidant damage in the arterial wall but not with hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2014; 4:638-53. [PMID: 25610600 PMCID: PMC4278624 DOI: 10.1086/678510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is causally linked to a number of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal dysfunction, and cancer. Obesity has also been linked to pulmonary disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was long believed that obesity-related PAH was the result of hypoventilation and hypoxia due to the increased mechanical load of excess body fat. However, in recent years it has been proposed that the metabolic and inflammatory disturbances of obesity may also play a role in the development of PAH. To determine whether PAH develops in obese rats in the absence of hypoxia, we assessed pulmonary hemodynamics and pulmonary artery (PA) structure in the diet-resistant/diet-induced obesity (DR/DIO) and Zucker lean/fatty rat models. We found that high-fat feeding (DR/DIO) or overfeeding (Zucker) elicited PA remodeling, neomuscularization of distal arterioles, and elevated PA pressure, accompanied by right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. PA thickening and distal neomuscularization were also observed in DIO rats on a low-fat diet. No evidence of hypoventilation or chronic hypoxia was detected in either model, nor was there a correlation between blood glucose or insulin levels and PAH. However, circulating inflammatory cytokine levels were increased with high-fat feeding or calorie overload, and hyperlipidemia and oxidant damage in the PA wall correlated with PAH in the DR/DIO model. We conclude that hyperlipidemia and peripheral inflammation correlate with the development of PAH in obese subjects. Obesity-related inflammation may predispose to PAH even in the absence of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Irwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Chrystelle V. Garat
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Joseph T. Crossno
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy M. Sullivan
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul F. Erickson
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew R. Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie W. Harral
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane E. B. Reusch
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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The Synergism of Biochemical Components Controlling Lipid Oxidation in Lamb Muscle. Lipids 2014; 49:757-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Suppressive Effect of Yamato-mana (Brassica rapaL. Oleifera Group) Constituent 3-Butenyl Glucosinolate (Gluconapin) on Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia in Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1286-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Iff S, Wong G, Webster AC, Flood V, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Craig JC. Relative Energy Balance, CKD, and Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 63:437-45. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Favero G, Rodella LF, Reiter RJ, Rezzani R. Melatonin and its atheroprotective effects: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:926-37. [PMID: 24291636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease in which oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly implicated as major causative factors. Identification of novel strategies that contribute to plaque stabilization or inhibition represents a continuing challenge for the medical community. The evidence from the last decade highlights that melatonin influences the cardiovascular system, but its mechanisms of action have not been definitively clarified. Melatonin has atheroprotective effects by acting on different pathogenic signaling processes; these result from its direct free radical scavenger activity, its indirect antioxidant properties and its anti-inflammatory actions. In this review, we summarize the many pieces of the puzzle which identified molecular targets for prevention and therapy against the atherosclerotic pathogenic processes and we evaluate the data documenting that melatonin treatment has important actions that protect against atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Section of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Thyroid hormones and antioxidant systems: focus on oxidative stress in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23893-909. [PMID: 24351864 PMCID: PMC3876084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous works we demonstrated an inverse correlation between plasma Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and thyroid hormones; in fact, CoQ10 levels in hyperthyroid patients were found among the lowest detected in human diseases. On the contrary, CoQ10 is elevated in hypothyroid subjects, also in subclinical conditions, suggesting the usefulness of this index in assessing metabolic status in thyroid disorders. A Low-T3 syndrome is a condition observed in several chronic diseases: it is considered an adaptation mechanism, where there is a reduction in pro-hormone T4 conversion. Low T3-Syndrome is not usually considered to be corrected with replacement therapy. We review the role of thyroid hormones in regulation of antioxidant systems, also presenting data on total antioxidant capacity and Coenzyme Q10. Published studies suggest that oxidative stress could be involved in the clinical course of different heart diseases; our data could support the rationale of replacement therapy in low-T3 conditions.
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Rodrigo R, Libuy M, Feliú F, Hasson D. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in essential hypertension and ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:773-90. [PMID: 24347798 PMCID: PMC3856219 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with hypertension being a major risk factor. Numerous studies support the contribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of hypertension, as well as other pathologies associated with ischemia/reperfusion. However, the validation of oxidative stress-related biomarkers in these settings is still lacking and novel association of these biomarkers and other biomarkers such as endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial microparticles, and ischemia modified albumin, is just emerging. Oxidative stress has been suggested as a pathogenic factor and therapeutic target in early stages of essential hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with plasma F2-isoprostane levels and negatively with total antioxidant capacity of plasma in hypertensive and normotensive patients. Cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation causes an ischemia/reperfusion event associated with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, two biomarkers associated with oxidative damage of cardiac tissue. An enhancement of the antioxidant defense system should contribute to ameliorating functional and structural abnormalities derived from this metabolic impairment. However, data have to be validated with the analysis of the appropriate oxidative stress and/or nitrosative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Matías Libuy
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Felipe Feliú
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
| | - Daniel Hasson
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 70058, Santiago 7, Chile
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Khan MI, Siddique KU, Ashfaq F, Ali W, Reddy HD, Mishra A. Effect of high-dose zinc supplementation with oral hypoglycemic agents on glycemic control and inflammation in type-2 diabetic nephropathy patients. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2013; 4:336-40. [PMID: 24082728 PMCID: PMC3783776 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the effect of zinc sulfate on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile and inflammation in type-2 diabetes with microalbuminuria patients. Materials and Methods: Type-2 diabetes with microalbuminuria patients on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were selected and divided into 2 groups: One group (n = 27) continued with OHA alone, second group (n = 27) was on OHA and in addition 50 mg elemental zinc as zinc sulphate supplementation for 12 weeks. Fasting, post-prandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profiles, inflammatory marker hs-CRP and urine microalbumin were measured. Results: There were no significant differences in biochemical status among groups at baseline. After receiving zinc, the mean fasting blood glucose (FBS), post-prandial blood glucose (PPBS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were decreased significantly (P = 0.0001). Significant decrease was observed in TG (P = 0.002) and VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.002), whereas there was no significant decrease in TC and LDL-cholesterol. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly (P = 0.0001) increased from baseline. Zinc supplementation had significant effects in decreasing serum hs-CRP from 10.51 ± 1.68 mg/L to 7.75 ± 1.56 mg/L (P = 0.0001) and microalbumin level from 146.87 ± 30.83 mg/day to 80.70 ± 33.99 mg/day (P = 0.0001). There were no significant changes in the levels of all these parameters in OHA group. Conclusion: Our results conclude that supplementation of zinc improved the effectiveness of OHA and may be beneficial in decreasing blood glucose, TG, urinary albumin excretion and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy patients and thus reducing the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Idreesh Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Jung CH, Lee WJ, Hwang JY, Lee MJ, Seol SM, Kim YM, Lee YL, Park JY. The preventive effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin against free fatty acid-induced endothelial apoptosis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Metabolism 2013; 62:1250-7. [PMID: 23639572 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that osteocalcin (OC), one of the osteoblast-specific proteins, has been associated with atherosclerosis, but results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to elucidate the independent effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), an active form of osteocalcin which has been suggested to have an insulin sensitizing effect, on vascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used human aortic endothelial cells and treated them with ucOC. Linoleic acid (LA) was used as a representative free fatty acid. Apoptosis was evaluated using various methods including a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling analysis kit and Western blotting for cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-xL. The phosphorylations of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as the level of NO were measured to confirm the effect of ucOC on insulin signaling pathway. RESULTS Pretreatment of ucOC (30 ng/ml) prevented LA-induced apoptosis in insulin-stimulated endothelial cells; effects were abolished by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin. Treatment of ucOC (ranged from 0.3 to 30 ng/ml) significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and nitric oxide secretion from endothelial cells in a PI3-kinase dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate the independent effect of ucOC on vascular endothelial cells. Our results further suggest that ucOC could have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shab-Bidar S, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P, Mehran M, Azizi F. Dietary intakes of zinc and copper and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Obesity Research Center; Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Obesity Research Center; Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Mahya Mehran
- Obesity Research Center; Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran; Iran
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Francis AA, Deniset JF, Austria JA, LaValleé RK, Maddaford GG, Hedley TE, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1743-51. [PMID: 23585134 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00606.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flaxseed can retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, it remains unclear whether these antiatherogenic effects extend to plaque regression. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression and vascular contractile function was evaluated using a novel rabbit model. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either a regular diet for 12 wk (group I) or a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 4 wk followed by a regular diet for 8 wk (group II). The remaining experimental animals were treated as in group II but were fed for an additional 14 wk with either a regular diet (group III) or a 10% flaxseed-supplemented diet (group IV). Animals in group II showed clear evidence of plaque growth stabilization. Their vessels also exhibited significantly lower norepinephrine-induced contraction and an impaired relaxation response to acetylcholine compared with animals in group I. Dietary flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant ≈40% reduction in plaque formation (P = 0.033). Animals in both groups II and III displayed improved contraction and endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation. Dietary flaxseed is a valuable strategy to accelerate the regression of atherosclerotic plaques; however, flaxseed intervention did not demonstrate a clear beneficial effect on the vessel contractile response and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Francis
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Magrone T, Perez de Heredia F, Jirillo E, Morabito G, Marcos A, Serafini M. Functional foods and nutraceuticals as therapeutic tools for the treatment of diet-related diseases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:387-96. [PMID: 23745830 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Western societies, the incidence of diet-related diseases is progressively increasing due to greater availability of hypercaloric food and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration are major diet-related pathologies that share a common pathogenic denominator of low-grade inflammation. Functional foods and nutraceuticals may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or attenuate diet-related disease in view of their ability to exert anti-inflammatory responses. In particular, activation of intestinal T regulatory cells and homeostatic regulation of the gut microbiota have the potential to reduce low-grade inflammation in diet-related diseases. In this review, clinical applications of polyphenol-rich functional foods and nutraceuticals in postprandial inflammation, obesity, and ageing will be discussed. We have placed special emphasis on polyphenols since they are broadly distributed in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11-70124 Bari, Italy
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De Sibio MT, Luvizotto RAM, Olimpio RMC, Corrêa CR, Marino J, de Oliveira M, Conde SJ, Ferreira ALDA, Padovani CR, Nogueira CR. A comparative genotoxicity study of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T₃) in obese rats subjected to either calorie-restricted diet or hyperthyroidism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56913. [PMID: 23468891 PMCID: PMC3585230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the genotoxicity of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T3) in both obese and calorie-restricted obese animals. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the two following groups: control (C; n = 10) and obese (OB; n = 40). The C group received standard food, whereas the OB group was fed a hypercaloric diet for 20 weeks. After this period, half of the OB animals (n = 20) were subjected to a 25%-calorie restriction of standard diet for 8 weeks forming thus a new group (OR), whereas the remaining OB animals were kept on the initial hypercaloric diet. During the following two weeks, 10 OR animals continued on the calorie restriction diet, whereas the remaining 10 rats of this group formed a new group (ORS) given a supraphysiological dose of T3 (25 µg/100 g body weight) along with the calorie restriction diet. Similarly, the remaining OB animals were divided into two groups, one that continued on the hypercaloric diet (OB, n = 10), and one that received the supraphysiological dose of T3 (25 µg/100 g body weight) along with the hypercaloric diet (OS, n = 10) for two weeks. The OB group showed weight gain, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, increased leptin levels and genotoxicity; T3 administration in OS animals led to an increase in genotoxicity and oxidative stress when compared with the OB group. The OR group showed weight loss and normalized levels of adiposity, insulin resistance, serum leptin and genotoxicity, thus having features similar to those of the C group. On the other hand, the ORS group, compared to OR animals, showed higher genotoxicity. Our results indicate that regardless of diet, a supraphysiological dose of T3 causes genotoxicity and potentiates oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School - University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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La Favor JD, Anderson EJ, Hickner RC, Wingard CJ. Erectile dysfunction precedes coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in rats fed a high-fat, high-sucrose, Western pattern diet. J Sex Med 2012; 10:694-703. [PMID: 23170997 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. It is suggested that erectile dysfunction (ED) may be an early risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aim. The goal of this study was to determine whether development of ED precedes the onset of coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in response to a Western diet (WD), thereby establishing whether the WD differentially impacts the endothelium in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, a goal was to determine if diet-induced ED is reversible with intracavernosal sepiapterin treatment. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a WD for 4, 8, or 12 weeks, or a control diet for 8 weeks. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in response to electrical field stimulation of the cavernosal nerve near the major pelvic ganglion, in the absence and presence of sepiapterin. Coronary artery endothelial function was evaluated ex vivo with cumulative doses of acetylcholine (ACh) applied to segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery preconstricted with serotonin. Main Outcome Measures. Erectile function was assessed as the ICP response to electrical field stimulation (EFS), normalized to MAP. Coronary artery endothelial function was assessed as the effective concentration producing 50% of a maximal response (EC50 ) of the ACh response. Results. The ICP/MAP response to EFS was significantly attenuated following both 8 and 12 weeks of the WD compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). Sepiapterin treatment augmented the ICP/MAP response in all WD groups (P < 0.05). The coronary artery EC50 of the ACh response was not different from control following 4 or 8 weeks but was significantly elevated following 12 weeks of the WD (P < 0.01). Conclusions. These data suggest that erectile function is reduced prior to coronary artery endothelial function in response to the WD. Improvement of erectile function with sepiapterin in WD rats indicates that nitric oxide synthase uncoupling is a key mechanism in diet-induced ED. La Favor JD, Anderson EJ, Hickner RC, and Wingard CJ. Erectile dysfunction precedes coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in rats fed a high-fat, high-sucrose, Western pattern diet. J Sex Med 2013;10:694-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D La Favor
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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El Akoum S, Cloutier I, Tanguay JF. Vascular smooth muscle cell alterations triggered by mice adipocytes: role of high-fat diet. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:1128-41. [PMID: 23047600 DOI: 10.5551/jat.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Inherent mechanisms leading to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) alterations in obesitylinked type 2 diabetes (T2D) situation remain to be clarified. This study evaluates the impact of supernatant of adipocytes extracted from mice fed high-fat-diets (HFD) on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMC. METHODS Adipocytes were extracted from visceral white fat pads of male and female C57Bl6 mice showing different stages of metabolic alterations after 20 weeks of vegetal or animal HFD feeding. These cells were stimulated or not with insulin or glucose to condition VSMC media. After 24h of stimulation with adipocyte supernatants (AdS), VSMC proliferation and sustainability were assessed in the absence and presence of AdS. CD36 and insulin receptor mRNA levels were also evaluated. RESULTS Proliferation and viability of VSMC were significantly modulated by the nature of the AdS used and the gender of mice from which adipocytes have been extracted. The most extensive effects on VSMC were triggered by adipocytes from males fed animal HFD and females fed vegetal HFD. These effects were concurrent with increased leptin concentration and decreased adiponectin levels in AdS. In addition, adipocytes of HFD-fed mice increased caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in VSMC. Significant up-regulation of CD36 mRNA was also found in these cells. CONCLUSION Adipocytes of HFD-fed mice induce VSMC alterations. These changes involved mouse gender, most probably correlated to the diet-induced adipocyte secretion profile. Greater sensitivity to AdS effects in VSMC raises concerns about the more frequent cardiovascular events associated with obesity in the presence of T2D, which impairs adipocyte activity.
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Abstract
Background and Objective: The increased risk for coronary artery disease observed in postmenopausal (PoW) women is partly explained by a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Moreover, natural menopause has been associated with an altered postprandial lipid profile. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that young premenopausal (PrW) and PoW may be independently associated with postprandial lipemia and indirectly associated with atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods: A total of 46 healthy PrW and 44 healthy PoW participated in a 5-h intervention study. Blood samples were taken at the baseline and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after eating. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, fasting, and postprandial triglycerides (PPTG) were determined sequentially in blood samples. Results: PPTG presented significant higher values in PoW compared to PrW (P < 0.05), but other lipids did not significantly differ between groups. PPTG concentrations in PoW were significantly higher than in PrW (P < 0.05). There was a significant time influence (P < 0.05) in TG in PrW and PoW, while time to peak and peak concentration were significantly higher in PoW than PrW. Other lipids were also decreased more in PrW than PoW, but not significantly so. Cholesterol concentrations showed a significant reduction after 2 h, to reach values similar to the baseline after 4 h in PrW but not in PoW. HDL-cholesterol concentration was decreased more in PoW compared to PrW but it was not significant. Conclusions: Lipid postprandial response indicates a higher cardiovascular risk pattern in PoW compared to PrW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaffar S Zaman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Jung CH, Lee WJ, Hwang JY, Seol SM, Kim YM, Lee YL, Ahn JH, Park JY. The role of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway in the expression of ICAM-1 by linoleic acid in human aortic endothelial cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:1041-8. [PMID: 22124782 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), a dietary unsaturated fatty acid, has been known to increase the expression of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway mediates various cellular functions related to cardiovascular disease and affects the expression of ICAM-1. However, the exact mechanism underlying this action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to find out the role of Rho/ROCK pathway in LA-induced ICAM-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found that LA increased ICAM-1 expression and phosphorylation of ROCK and MYPT-1, a distal signal of ROCK. Y-27632, a ROCK inhibitor, suppressed ICAM-1 expression and phosphorylation of MYPT-1 induced by LA. The effect of LA on the increased phosphorylation of MYPT1 and expression of ICAM-1 was abolished by knocking down RhoA and ROCK2 protein level expression using small interfering RNA. LA increased NF-κB DNA-binding activity, which was inhibited with pretreatment with Y-27632. This study suggests that Rho/ROCK pathway plays a role in LA-induced ICAM-1 expression, which is possibly mediated by NF-κB in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Pallebage-Gamarallage M, Lam V, Takechi R, Galloway S, Clark K, Mamo J. Restoration of dietary-fat induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction by anti-inflammatory lipid-modulating agents. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:117. [PMID: 22978403 PMCID: PMC3492058 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have identified use of non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs and statins for prevention of dementia, but their efficacy in slowing progression is not well understood. Cerebrovascular disturbances are common pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. We previously reported chronic ingestion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) compromises blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity resulting in cerebral extravasation of plasma proteins and inflammation. However, the SFA-induced parenchymal accumulation of plasma proteins could be prevented by co-administration of some cholesterol lowering agents. Restoration of BBB dysfunction is clinically relevant, so the purpose of this study was to explore lipid-lowering agents could reverse BBB disturbances induced by chronic ingestion of SFA's. METHODS Wild-type mice were fed an SFA diet for 12 weeks to induce BBB dysfunction, and then randomised to receive atorvastatin, pravastatin or ibuprofen in combination with the SFA-rich diet for 2 or 8 weeks. Abundance of plasma-derived immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and amyloid-β enriched apolipoprotein (apo)-B lipoproteins within brain parenchyme were quantified utilising immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment for 2 and 8 weeks restored BBB integrity, indicated by a substantial reduction of IgG and apo B, particularly within the hippocampus. Pravastatin, a water-soluble statin was less effective than atorvastatin (lipid-soluble). Statin effects were independent of changes in plasma lipid homeostasis. Ibuprofen, a lipid-soluble cyclooxygenase inhibitor attenuated cerebral accumulation of IgG and apo B as effectively as atorvastatin. Our findings are consistent with the drug effects being independent of plasma lipid homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BBB dysfunction induced by chronic ingestion of SFA is reversible with timely introduction and sustained treatment with agents that suppress inflammation.
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Al-Sabaawy OM. The relationship between serum lipid profile and selected trace elements for adult men in mosul city. Oman Med J 2012; 27:300-3. [PMID: 23071882 PMCID: PMC3464753 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlations of the serum concentrations of copper, zinc, and manganese with lipid profile parameters of adult men in Mosul City, Iraq. METHODS The study included 51 apparently healthy adult men as a control group aged 34-62 years (group 1), and 31 hyperlipidemic patients aged 37-60 years (group 2). Trace elements copper, zinc and manganese were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined using enzymatic method. Indirect serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated via the Friedewald formula. Data were evaluated as mean and standard deviation by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. RESULTS The results indicated that there is a significant lower level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic patients compared with the control group, while copper and manganese showed no significant differences between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was found between serum zinc and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and low/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; while a significant positive correlation was found between serum zinc and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, a significant positive correlation between copper and triglyceride existed in the patient group, while the control group showed no such correlation. CONCLUSION Hyperlipidemia may possibly be related to a decrease in the level of serum zinc in hyperlipidemic adult men. The data also supports the concept that zinc supplementation might be useful in improving metabolic complications in subjects with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Al-Sabaawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Nineveh College of Medicine, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
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