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Pompili S, Bianchi D, Di Tata D, Cannoni E, Di Norcia A, Lonigro A, Longobardi E, Laghi F. Social Anxiety and Drunkorexia Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults: The Moderating Role of Resilience. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:825-831. [PMID: 38263611 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2305790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Existing evidence showed that social anxiety represents a significant factor in eating disorders. However, to our knowledge, no prior study has examined the association between social anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors. Objectives: The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between social anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors, and investigating resilience as a moderator of this relationship. Participants were 333 adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years (Mage=18.26, SDage= 1.55; 66% females) who completed an online survey. Results: The results indicated that drunkorexia behaviors were positively correlated to three dimensions of social anxiety; however, only fear of negative evaluation had a significant predictive effect. In addition, resilience only moderated the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and drunkorexia behaviors, such that youths reporting high fear of negative evaluation and low resilience showed greater drunkorexia behaviors, whereas youths reporting high resilience showed no correlation between fear of negative evaluation and drunkorexia behaviors. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of drunkorexia interventions and preventive measures aimed at strengthening youths' resilience and ability to effectively manage stress and social anxiety (i.e., fear of negative evaluation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cannoni
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Norcia
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Education Science, University of Rome Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiddia Longobardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hayes JF, LaRose JG, Hutchinson K, Sutherland M, Wing RR. Health, health behaviors, and medical care utilization among college students with obesity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37437179 PMCID: PMC10784414 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2225629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study assessed perceived health, health behaviors and conditions, and medical care utilization among students of different weight categories. Participants: Participants were college students (n = 37,583) from 58 institutions who responded to a national survey of student health behaviors. Methods: Chi-squared and mixed model analyses were completed. Results: Compared to healthy weight students, those with obesity were less likely to report excellent health and meet dietary and physical activity recommendations, and more likely to have obesity-related chronic conditions and to have attended a medical appointment in the prior 12 months. Students with obesity (84%) and overweight (70%) were more likely to be attempting weight loss compared to students of healthy weight (35%). Conclusions: Students with obesity have poorer health and health behaviors relative to students of healthy weight; students with overweight were in between. Adapting and implementing evidence-based weight management programs within colleges/universities may be beneficial for student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. Hayes
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Melissa Sutherland
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rena R. Wing
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Castañeda G, Colby SE, Olfert MD, Barnett TE, Zhou W, Leite WL, Staub D, Mathews AE. Examining gender and the longitudinal effect of weight conscious drinking dimensions on body mass index among a college freshman cohort. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1575-1583. [PMID: 34468281 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1943410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to: (1) examine gender differences for weight conscious drinking among college students accounting for the broader phenomenon (e.g. including the Alcohol Effects dimension); and (2) longitudinally examine the effect of weight conscious drinking behaviors on body mass index (BMI). Participants: United States freshmen students from eight participating universities (N= 1,149). Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to model the effect of gender on weight conscious drinking dimensions at 7-month follow-up. Results: Findings suggest a significant effect of gender on Alcohol Effects (β = -.15, SE = .05, p = .005) at 7-month follow-up among college freshmen. Weight conscious drinking dimensions predicted no significant change in BMI at 7-month follow-up among college freshmen. Conclusion: Findings contribute to weight conscious drinking theory and provide campus weight conscious drinking prevention initiatives with evidence to tailor their programming to address female tendencies to engage in compensatory strategies to enhance the psychoactive effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Castañeda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah E Colby
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Human Nutrition and Foods, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Walter L Leite
- Research and Evaluation Methodology Program, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Staub
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne E Mathews
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Di Tata D, Bianchi D, Pompili S, Laghi F. The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol Abuse and Drunkorexia Behaviors in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3466. [PMID: 36834161 PMCID: PMC9967230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected young adults' psychological well-being, increasing their stress levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and potentially triggering health-risk behaviors. The present study was aimed at investigating the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors among young adults living in Italy. Participants were 370 emerging adults (63% women, 37% men; Mage = 21.00, SDage = 2.96, range: 18-30) who were recruited through an online survey between November 2021 and March 2022. Participants completed measures of alcohol abuse, drunkorexia behaviors, negative life experiences, and post-traumatic symptoms related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The results showed that the emotional impact and negative life experiences associated with the pandemic predicted both alcohol abuse and drunkorexia behaviors, albeit in different ways. Specifically, the number of negative life experiences during the pandemic and the tendency to avoid COVID-19-related negative thoughts positively predicted alcohol abuse; and the presence of intrusive thoughts associated with the pandemic significantly predicted the frequency of drunkorexia behaviors. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Booker R, Galloway R, Novik M, Jones R, Holmes ME. Differences between preemptive and non-preemptive physical activity among 'drunkorexia'-positive college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-5. [PMID: 36328802 PMCID: PMC10204643 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: 'Drunkorexia' is characterized by compensating for alcohol-related calories using physical activity (PA). Drunkorexia is common on college campuses but little is known about the PA behaviors within the drunkorexia paradigm. Methods: First-year college students living on campus completed an online survey collecting drunkorexia, PA, and alcohol consumption data. A total of 127 participants reported engaging in drunkorexia behaviors. Results: Fifty-three participants were classified as preemptively physically active (e.g., PA and drink on Tuesday) compared to 74 as non-preemptively physically active. Preemptively physically active participants consumed more alcohol on Fridays and Saturdays than those non-preemptively physically active. Preemptively physically active participants engaged in significantly greater amounts PA. Females accounted for all significant differences between groups. Discussion: Among drunkorexia-positive participants, many made preemptive efforts to control their calories before consuming alcohol, which may predispose them to higher incidences of adverse outcomes such as alcohol poisoning, unwanted sexual advances, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Riley Galloway
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5142, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Melinda Novik
- Department of Public Health and Sports Medicine, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO
| | - Raymond Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1313 13 Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1313 13 Street South, Birmingham, AL 35205
| | - Megan E. Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, 216 McCarthy Gym, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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Drunkorexia behaviors and motives, eating attitudes and mental health in Lebanese alcohol drinkers: a path analysis model. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1787-1797. [PMID: 34713408 PMCID: PMC8553592 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drunkorexia refers to limited intake of high-calorie food to avert gaining weight and the need to increase in alcohol excessive consumption. The present study aimed to check for an association between depression, anxiety, and stress with drunkorexia behaviors/motives among Lebanese adults, while evaluating the mediating role of inappropriate eating attitude in those associations. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-eight participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study, who filled an online survey (September-December 2020). RESULTS Drunkorexia behaviors were considered as the dependent variable; the path coefficients from stress to anxiety, from anxiety to eating attitudes, from eating attitudes to drunkorexia behaviors and from anxiety to drunkorexia behaviors were all significant. The indirect relationships showed that eating attitudes mediated the association between anxiety and drunkorexia behaviors. When taking the drunkorexia motives as the dependent variable, the path coefficients from stress to anxiety, from anxiety to eating attitudes, from eating attitudes to drunkorexia motives, and from anxiety to drunkorexia motives were all significant. The indirect relationships showed that eating attitudes mediated the association between anxiety and drunkorexia motives. CONCLUSION This study highlighted that individuals with more psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) and inappropriate eating habits exhibit more drunkorexic motivations and behaviors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, Cross-sectional study.
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Pompili S, Bianchi D, Di Tata D, Zammuto M, Lonigro A, Laghi F. Investigating the relationship between food and alcohol disturbance and coping styles among young adults. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zammuto
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pompili S, Di Tata D, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Zammuto M, Baiocco R, Longobardi E, Laghi F. Food and alcohol disturbance among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: risk and protective factors. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:769-780. [PMID: 34052989 PMCID: PMC8164478 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a significant impact on risk behaviors as alcohol use and disordered eating. However, little is known about a serious health-risk-behavior named "food and alcohol disturbance" (FAD), characterized by engaging in dysfunctional eating on days of planned alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential factors that may have put young adults at risk or protected against FAD during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS A sample of 447 young adults (280 females, 167 males; range 18-26) completed an online survey during the country's nationwide lockdown composed of self-reported measures assessing FAD behaviors, alcohol consumption, compensatory behaviors, eating and weight concerns, social support, emotion regulation strategies, and living arrangement. RESULTS Our findings showed that FAD was significantly and positively correlated to alcohol consumption, use of laxatives, self-induced vomiting, eating and weight concerns, and expressive suppression, and negatively correlated to social support and living with family. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that alcohol consumption, eating concern, and expression suppression positively predicted FAD, while social support and living with family were negative predictors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that during the COVID-19 lockdown, preoccupation with eating and the use of expressive suppression may have increased vulnerability to FAD; conversely, perceived social support and living with family may have been a source of protection against this dysfunctional behavior. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pompili
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Tata
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Lonigro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zammuto
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiddia Longobardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Ertl MM, Pazienza R, Cannon M, Cabrera Tineo YA, Fresquez CL, McDonough AK, Bozek DM, Ozmat EE, Ladouceur GM, Planz EK, Martin JL. Associations between Impulsivity and Exercise Addiction, Disordered Eating, and Alcohol Use Behaviors: A Latent Profile Analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:886-896. [PMID: 35321617 PMCID: PMC9019863 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2052095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the known negative consequences of exercise addiction and preliminary evidence suggesting that it may co-occur with other health risk behaviors, no studies to date have examined exercise addiction among college students in conjunction with disordered eating behaviors and alcohol use. The aim of this study was to describe which college students are most at-risk for co-occurring health risk behaviors to enhance the efficiency of health risk prevention efforts. Method: Guided by multidimensional theories of impulsivity and substance use models of comorbidity, this study used latent profile analysis to examine whether separate, conceptually meaningful profiles of risk for exercise addiction, disordered eating behaviors, and alcohol use would emerge among 503 college students from a large public university. Results: The best-fitting model supported three profiles. MANOVA results revealed significant profile differences based on exercise addiction, binge eating, purging, laxative/pill/diuretic use, exercising longer than 60 minutes, negative urgency, and problematic alcohol use. Profile 3 students (n = 29), labeled the Affect Driven Health Risk-Takers, demonstrated the highest levels of impulsivity (i.e., negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and the most risk behaviors compared to the other two profiles. Profile membership was associated with distinct levels of negative urgency, exercise addiction, disordered eating behaviors, and problematic alcohol use. A small proportion of undergraduates demonstrated co-occurring exercise addiction, disordered eating behaviors, and problematic alcohol use. Profile membership also predicted the health outcomes of clinically significant exercise addiction and hazardous alcohol use. Conclusions: Findings illuminated how patterns of risk behavior engagement were associated with clinically significant exercise addiction and hazardous alcohol use and will inform prevention efforts and clinical interventions with at-risk college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Ertl
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rena Pazienza
- Clover Educational Consulting Group, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margeaux Cannon
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Yajaira A Cabrera Tineo
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Cara L Fresquez
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alicia K McDonough
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Dana M Bozek
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Evan E Ozmat
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Guy M Ladouceur
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Emily K Planz
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jessica L Martin
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
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The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine period on physical activity and dietary habits of college-aged students. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:228-235. [PMID: 34494003 PMCID: PMC8411586 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to sudden extreme changes in lifestyle, potentially causing adverse changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 quarantine on physical activity, dietary habits, and food insecurity among college students who were impacted by the quarantine periods and campus closures. The findings of the study will provide preliminary evidence on dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behavior changes induced by the pandemic among college students. Participants (n = 403) completed a cross-sectional self-report online questionnaire, evaluating the physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary behaviors before- and during-COVID-19 campus closures (March–May 2020). Sociodemographic and descriptive information was also obtained from each participant. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits. McNemar's test was used to compare food insecurity changes. Data were presented as median and interquartile range. A total of 291 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study (college-aged, 18–24 years). Physical activity decreased at vigorous (2 days/week to 1 day/week, p < 0.001), moderate (4 days/week to 1 day/week, p < 0.001), and light (4 days/week to 2 days/week, p < 0.001) intensity levels, while sedentary behavior increased (4 h/day to 7 h/day, p < 0.001) from pre-to during-COVID-19 quarantine period. Frequencies of meals at home and alcohol consumption increased (Z = −3.911 and Z = −4.022, p < 0.001), while frequency of fruit consumption decreased (Z = −2.116, p < 0.001) from pre-to during-COVID-19 quarantine period. Daily alcohol intake also increased during COVID-19 quarantine period (Z = −4.442, p < 0.001). Lastly, the percentage of individuals reporting food insecurity significantly increased during COVID-19 quarantine (p < 0.001). College-aged students in quarantine significantly decreased physical activity participation and increased sedentary behavior. Changes in dietary habits were observed, including increased meals at home, alcohol consumption, and decreased fruit consumption. Food insecurity also doubled among college-aged students during quarantine. Public health strategies to attenuate these changes in lifestyle habits should be implemented during a global pandemic.
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Oldham M, Garnett C, Brown J, Kale D, Shahab L, Herbec A. Characterising the patterns of and factors associated with increased alcohol consumption since COVID-19 in a UK sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:890-899. [PMID: 33657644 PMCID: PMC8014505 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine changes in drinking patterns and to assess factors associated with reported increases in frequency of drinking, units consumed and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the UK lockdown. METHODS Online cross-sectional survey of 2777 self-selected UK adults. RESULTS Thirty percent of participants reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, 16% reported drinking more units per drinking occasion and 14% reported more frequent HED. For men and women, increased frequency of drinking was associated with being less likely to believe alcohol drinking would lead to greater chance of catching COVID-19 (men: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.00; women: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00) and deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.51); increased unit consumption was associated with deterioration in financial situation (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.86; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.64) and physical health (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67; OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.31, 2.10). Finally, increases in the frequency of HED were associated with deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.18; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.82) and being furloughed (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.86; OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.56). Other gender differences were detected, for example, living with children was associated with an increase in units consumed (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.73) and the frequency of HED (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.99) for men, but not women. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In this self-selected UK sample, a significant proportion of individuals reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, drinking more units per drinking occasion and more frequent HED. There were consistent predictors of increased consumption across men and women, but other gender differences were detected. This study identifies groups that may require targeted support in future lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Oldham
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dimitra Kale
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aleksandra Herbec
- Department of Behavioural Science and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Young CM, Steers MLN, Shank F, Aris A, Ryan P. Shyness and susceptibility to social influence: Stronger concordance between norms and drinking among shy individuals. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106922. [PMID: 33838576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite a large body of work exploring associations between perceived norms and drinking and norms-based interventions for drinking, less work has examined moderators of associations between norms and drinking outcomes to determine potential sub-groups that might benefit most from brief norms-based interventions. The present study investigates shyness as a moderator of associations between drinking norms and alcohol use. We hypothesized that shyness would moderate associations between drinking norms and alcohol use such that individuals who are higher in shyness might be more sensitive to social influence and thus show stronger associations between drinking norms and alcohol use. Participants included 250 college students (70% female; 44.5% White/Caucasian) aged 18-26 (M = 21.02, SD = 2.16) who met heavy drinking criteria (4/5 drinks on one or more occasions in the past month for women/men). Participants completed measures of demographics, shyness, alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, and drinking norms remotely at baseline and one-month follow-up (N = 169). Drinking norms were negatively associated with shyness and positively associated with baseline and follow-up drinking. Shyness was negatively associated with baseline drinking but not associated with follow-up drinking. Interaction models tested longitudinal associations between shyness, descriptive drinking norms, and follow-up drinking, controlling for baseline drinking and gender. Results showed that associations between drinking norms and drinks per week were strongest among people who were higher in shyness. Individuals who are shy may be more susceptible to social influence and thus may benefit more from a norms-based drinking intervention. Future work may explore shyness as a moderator of norms-based intervention efficacy.
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Oswald BB, Ward RM, Glazer S, Sternasty K, Day K, Speed S. Baseline cortisol predicts drunkorexia in female but not male college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:625-632. [PMID: 31944913 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1705834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
"Drunkorexia" or compensatory eating behaviors in response to alcohol consumption, resembles a subclinical eating disorder, and is a current public health concern. Eating disorders and alcohol abuse are associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). One index of HPA function is cortisol. As causes of drunkorexia remain elusive, the present study examined cortisol function as it relates to drunkorexia. Participants:n = 73 (49 women) college students. Method: Participants provided daytime saliva samples for cortisol analyses prior to completing an online survey measuring alcohol consumption, drunkorexia, and alcohol problems as measured by the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). Results: Multiple regressions indicated that baseline cortisol significantly positively correlated with drunkorexia behaviors in women but not men. Higher baseline cortisol and aspects of drunkorexia related to alcohol problems. Conclusion: Programs educating about stress management and health risks of drunkorexia may decrease engagement in drunkorexia behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Oswald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Miami University, Hamilton, Ohio, USA
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra Glazer
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Katie Sternasty
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen Day
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Shannon Speed
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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14
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Sa J, Cho BY, Chaput JP, Chung J, Choe S, Gazmararian JA, Shin JC, Lee CG, Navarrette G, Han T. Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among U.S. college students, 2011-2015. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:413-421. [PMID: 31689167 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1679814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate sex and racial/ethnic differences in overweight and obesity in college students. Participants: A nationally representative sample of 319,342 U.S. college students (mean age = 20.4 years; 67.7% female) from Fall 2011 to Spring 2015. Methods: A secondary data analysis of multi-year cross-sectional data was performed. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine factors (e.g. cumulative grade average, year in school, and living place) associated with overweight and obesity determined from BMI calculated by self-reported height and weight. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher for both sexes in Spring 2015 than in Fall 2011. Significant differences were found in overweight and obesity by sex and race/ethnicity. Higher adjusted odds ratios for overweight and obesity were observed for men, blacks, and Hispanics (compared to whites). Asians had the lowest adjusted odds of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Intervention strategies for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in U.S. college students should consider sex and racial/ethnic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesin Sa
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Beom-Young Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joon Chung
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siyoung Choe
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | | | - Jong Cheol Shin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Chung Gun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gabriel Navarrette
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Han
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
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15
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Azzi V, Hallit S, Malaeb D, Obeid S, Brytek-Matera A. Drunkorexia and Emotion Regulation and Emotion Regulation Difficulties: The Mediating Effect of Disordered Eating Attitudes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052690. [PMID: 33800011 PMCID: PMC7967414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drunorexia refers to food calorie intake restriction to prevent weight gain and the desire to enhance the more extensive intoxicating effects of alcohol. The present study aimed to investigate the association of drunkorexia with emotion regulation as well as emotion regulation difficulties across the Lebanese population, and assess disordered eating attitudes as a potential mediator of these relationships. The cross-sectional study enrolled participants (n = 258) from all Lebanese districts. The study was performed through an online survey based on a self-designed and structured questionnaire. The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales (DMBS), the College Life Alcohol Salience Scale (CLASS), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used in the present study. The results showed that higher EAT-26 total scores (more disordered eating attitudes) (B = 0.16) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.30) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives. Also, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09) and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.17) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. In addition, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.10) and higher DERS-26 total score (B = 0.36) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails. Furthermore, higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.07), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.37) were significantly associated with more drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.09), and higher DERS-16 total score (B = 0.22) were significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation. Higher EAT-26 total scores (B = 0.21), higher DERS-16 total scores (B = 0.65) and higher emotion regulation (B = 0.33) were significantly associated with higher CLASS scores. The results showed that EAT-26 total scores partially mediated the association between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia motives (25.20%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia behaviors (25.16%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia fails (106.87%), between DERS-16 total score and drunkorexia during an alcohol consumption event (11.84%), between DERS-16 total score and post-drinking compensation (22.55%), between ERQ total score and college life alcohol salience (8.35%) and between DERS-16 total score and college life alcohol salience (20.14%). This study highlighted that only emotional regulation difficulties were associated with drunkorexia, whereas emotional regulation was not significantly associated with such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon;
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon;
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1083, Lebanon;
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 446, Lebanon
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (A.B.-M.)
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16
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Steers MLN, Ward RM, Neighbors C, Tanygin AB, Guo Y, Teas E. Double Vision on Social Media: How Self-Generated Alcohol-Related Content Posts Moderate the Link between Viewing Others' Posts and Drinking. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:12-18. [PMID: 33587022 PMCID: PMC8102344 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1878311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A robust finding is the positive association between self-generated alcohol-related content (SG-ARC) on social media (SM) and drinking among emerging adults; however, the reasons for this relationship are still unclear. A factor that has yet to be explored in combination with SG-ARC is how viewing others' alcohol-related content (ARC) may be impacting young adults' drinking. This cross-sectional study conducted across two universities asked students (N = 780; M = 20.80 years old; SD = 2.29; 67.82% female) to self-report how many SG-ARC posts they posted, to estimate how much they saw others' ARC, and how much they drank weekly. SG-ARC was then evaluated as a moderator of the association between viewing others' ARC and drinking. A negative binomial regression model with robust sandwich estimators was employed. Results revealed that both SG-ARC and viewing others' ARC were positively associated with drinking. A significant two-way interaction between SG-ARC and others' ARC emerged such that viewing others' posts appeared to exert an influence on drinking, particularly for students who did not post as many SG-ARC posts. These findings provide evidence that seeing others' ARC may be socially influencing students to drink, especially if they do not post as much SG-ARC themselves, by altering their internalized drinking norms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Guo
- Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
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17
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Castañeda G, Colby SE, Olfert MD, Barnett TE, Zhou W, Engel MD, Mathews AE. The Role of Alcohol-Related Proactive Dietary Restriction to Feel the Psychoactive Effects of Alcohol Faster on Binge Drinking Frequency among Freshmen College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1266-1274. [PMID: 34011246 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1914104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a positive cross-sectional relationship between alcohol-related proactive dietary restriction to feel the effects of alcohol faster (APDR) and binge drinking, a health and safety issue impacting college students. Objective: To examine: 1) the longitudinal predictive ability of varying levels of APDR on binge drinking frequency; and 1a) the strength of the relationship between varying levels of APDR and binge drinking frequency during freshman year of college (n = 1,149). METHODS Ordinal logistic regression was used to model the relationship between APDR and binge drinking frequency. RESULTS Main findings suggest APDR of students who reported eating less than usual (low APDR) prior to drinking to feel the effects of alcohol faster was a significant predictor of binge drinking frequency (1.27 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.42), Wald χ2 (1) = 8.46, p=.009) at baseline, but not at 7-month follow-up (1.02 (95% CI, -0.18 to 0.23), Wald χ2 (1) = .51, p=.83). APDR for students who reported skipping one or more meals (high APDR) to feel the effects of alcohol faster was not a significant predictor of binge drinking frequency at baseline nor at 7-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Low APDR is a significant predictor of binge drinking frequency that is established early in the first semester of college with no significant change occurring in binge drinking frequency over the course of students' freshman year at 7-month follow-up. Campus health professionals are urged to emphasize the detrimental health effects of low APDR early in the first semester of college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Castañeda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah E Colby
- Department of Nutrition, College of Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Human Nutrition and Foods, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megan D Engel
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne E Mathews
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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18
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Knight A, Castelnuovo G, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Simpson S. Drunkorexia: An Empirical Investigation among Australian Female University Students. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Knight
- School of Psychology, Social Work & Social Policy, University of South Australia,
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS,
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan,
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS,
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan,
| | | | - Susan Simpson
- School of Psychology, Social Work & Social Policy, University of South Australia,
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19
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Wu WC, Chang LY, Luh DL, Wu CC, Stanaway F, Yen LL, Chang HY. Sex differences in the trajectories of and factors related to extracurricular sport participation and exercise: a cohort study spanning 13 years. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1639. [PMID: 33138800 PMCID: PMC7607706 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracurricular sport participation and exercise (ESPE) refers to regular exercise/sport participation in addition to the physical education in school among a school-aged population. Rather than general physical activity, ESPE is typically deliberately initiated and presents an efficient target for interventions. However, compared to physical activity, relatively few studies have investigated sex differences in the development of and factors associated with ESPE using a person-centered approach. This study aimed to examine the latent trajectories of ESPE from childhood to emerging adulthood across sexes, and to identify the associated sex-specific individual (i.e., body mass index, body dissatisfaction, stress, and screen behavior) and parental (i.e., parental exercise and parental screen behavior) factors. METHODS This study used data from part of the Child and Adolescent Behavior in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project, which comprised 2072 fourth graders (aged 9 years) in Northern Taiwan followed annually from 2001 to 2013 (13 waves). Repeated-measures latent class analysis was used to identify the trajectories of ESPE for males and females, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was further used to identify sex-specific factors related to ESPE. RESULTS Four trajectories of ESPE were identified for males and females. For males, these trajectories were Rarely-to-Never (20%), Often-to-Rarely (32%), Always-to-Never (21%), and Always (27%). For females, these trajectories were Rarely-to-Never (34%), Rarely (23%), Always-to-Rarely (33%), and Always (10%). We observed that the developmental patterns of ESPE varied by sex such that there was an earlier decline in the trajectories of ESPE in females than in males and that, compared with males, fewer females maintained exercise habits in young adulthood. Furthermore, we found several sex-specific factors related to ESPE, namely, stress, BMI, and parental exercise. Body dissatisfaction and individual screen behavior were associated with trajectories of ESPE for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS We found distinct trajectories of ESPE from childhood to emerging adulthood for both sexes. The trajectories of ESPE for males and females, however, differ in terms of patterns and associated factors. Our findings suggest that efforts to increase ESPE should be initiated early, and may be made more effective by considering sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17, Xuzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Dih-Ling Luh
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shang Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
| | - Fiona Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Lan Yen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan.
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20
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Castañeda G, Colby SE, Barnett TE, Olfert MD, Zhou W, Leite WL, El Zein A, Mathews AE. Examining the effect of weight conscious drinking on binge drinking frequency among college freshmen. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:906-913. [PMID: 31348733 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1642204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of weight-conscious drinking and compensatory behavior temporality on binge drinking frequency of college freshmen. Participants: Freshmen (n = 1149) from eight US universities, Fall 2015. Methods: Participants completed the Compensatory Eating Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Structural equation modeling was used to model the effect of weight-conscious drinking constructs on binge drinking frequency. Results: Bulimia, Dietary Restraint and Exercise, Restriction, proactive Alcohol Effects, during Alcohol Effects, and proactive Dietary Restraint and Exercise factors significantly predicted binge drinking frequency. Conclusion: Weight-conscious drinking among this cohort of college students comprises temporal factors significantly associated with binge drinking frequency. Relationships between Bulimia, Dietary Restraint and Exercise, and Restriction compensatory behaviors and binge drinking should be considered in interventions to address binge drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Castañeda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah E Colby
- Department of Nutrition, College of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tracey E Barnett
- School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Human Nutrition and Foods, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Business Analytics and Statistics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Walter L Leite
- Research and Evaluation Methodology Program, School of Human Development and Organizational Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aseel El Zein
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anne E Mathews
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Sa J, Samuel T, Chaput JP, Chung J, Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Lee J. Sex and racial/ethnic differences in sleep quality and its relationship with body weight status among US college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:704-711. [PMID: 31039082 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1594829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine sex and racial/ethnic differences in sleep quality and the association between sleep quality and body weight status among US college students. Participants: A nationally representative sample (N = 324,767) of college students from 2011 to 2015. Methods: A secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data. Results: Women showed poorer sleep quality (nights per week getting enough sleep to feel rested) than men (4.00 versus 4.34 days; p < .001). In both men and women, compared with non-Hispanic whites, racial/ethnic minorities showed lower sleep quality (p < .001). Compared with normal weight participants, overweight participants had poorer sleep quality (p = .007) among men, and both overweight (p = .004) and obese participants (p < .001) had lower sleep quality among women. Conclusions: Understanding sex and racial/ethnic sleep differences and the association between sleep and body weight status is important for colleges to promote college students' healthy sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesin Sa
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Tonya Samuel
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joon Chung
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Diana S Grigsby-Toussaint
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jounghee Lee
- Department of Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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22
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Assessment of Alcohol Consumption and Anxiety as Predictors of Risk of Anorexia and Bulimia in Non-Clinicals Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176293. [PMID: 32872410 PMCID: PMC7503388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the effect of alcohol consumption, anxiety, and food restriction before and after consuming alcohol and body image on the risk of anorexia and bulimia in college students from Tijuana, Baja California, through predictive statistical models. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design and a non-probabilistic sample of 526 college students from Tijuana, Baja California, México were used. Application of the scales (with acceptable psychometric properties) was conducted in classrooms. Through path analyses, four models were found with adequate indicators of goodness of fit: (1) risk of anorexia in women [Chi Square (X2) = 5.34, p = 0.376, Adjusted Determination Coefficient (R2)= 0.250]; (2) anorexia risk for men (X2 = 13.067, p = 0.192, R2 = 0.058); (3) risk of bulimia in women (X2 = 3.358, p = 0.645, R2 = 0.202); and bulimia risk for men (X2 = 14.256, p = 0.075, R2 = 0.284). The findings provide empirical evidence for the food and alcohol disturbance model.
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23
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Psychological characteristics and eating attitudes in adolescents with drunkorexia behavior: an exploratory study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:709-718. [PMID: 30888609 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drunkorexia represents an emerging phenomenon that is still understudied especially among adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between drunkorexia and psychological characteristics relevant and commonly associated with existing forms of eating disorders. METHODS The sample was composed of 849 adolescents (513 boys, 334 girls, 2 unknown; range 14-22) who completed a survey composed of Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale and Psychological scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-3. RESULTS Our findings highlighted that drunkorexia was associated with low self-esteem, personal alienation, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and asceticism. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that difficulties with emotion regulation and ascetic tendencies were significant predictors of drunkorexia among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the importance for programs preventing drunkorexia to be focused on training adolescents in using more adaptive strategies to manage emotions and accepting both emotional and physical signals without feeling guilty or threatened. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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24
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Thompson-Memmer C, Glassman T, Diehr A. Drunkorexia: A new term and diagnostic criteria. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:620-626. [PMID: 30285556 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who restrict their caloric intake and/or exercise excessively to mitigate the calories from alcohol consumption may suffer from an eating disorder, substance abuse disorder, or both. While the term "drunkorexia" has been used in both academic articles and popular culture, issues persist with respect to diagnosing and treating this condition. Classifying the behavior as a subcategory of Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders (OSFED) would provide patients with an increased likelihood of receiving insurance coverage for this condition. A consistent definition of this behavior and a more medically accurate/appropriate term-such as "alcoholimia"-are both needed to advance treatment and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Diehr
- Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois , USA
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25
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Tuazon VE, Travis SP, Honderich EM, Williams AE, Menefee SEI, Gressard CF. Drunkorexia: An Exploratory Investigation of College Students With Alcohol‐Related Infractions. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor E. Tuazon
- School Psychology and Counselor EducationWilliam & Mary
- Now at Department of Counselor EducationNew Jersey City University
| | - Sterling P. Travis
- School Psychology and Counselor EducationWilliam & Mary
- Now at Department of Counseling & Human ServicesJohns Hopkins University
| | - Eleni M. Honderich
- Department of Behavioral HealthWalden University
- Now at The Family InstituteNorthwestern University
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26
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Pompili S, Laghi F. Drunkorexia: Disordered eating behaviors and risky alcohol consumption among adolescents. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:2222-2232. [PMID: 30073869 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318791229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The first goal of our study was to examine the differences on disordered eating and alcohol consumption among heavy, occasional restrictors, and non-restrictors in a sample of 823 adolescents. The second goal was to analyze the relation of drunkorexia between unhealthy eating and alcohol use. Our results showed that heavy restrictors reported more eating disorder symptoms and alcohol use than occasional restrictors and non-restrictors. Similarly, occasional restrictors showed more unhealthy eating and drinking behaviors than non-restrictors. Both disordered eating and alcohol use were significant predictors of drunkorexia, supporting the argument of drunkorexia as an overlapping of dysfunctional eating and drinking patterns.
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Buchholz LJ, Crowther JH, Ciesla JA. Examination of the relationships between dietary restraint, alcohol, and adverse problems among women. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:384-392. [PMID: 29405868 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1431904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women who report greater chronic dieting consume more alcohol, drink more frequently, and experience greater problems than women who report less chronic dieting. Alcohol may also temporarily disrupt a woman's dietary rules, leading to increased caloric intake and subsequent restriction. This study examined whether alcohol use mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems in a woman's daily life. PARTICIPANTS Women (N = 59) completed the study by the fall of 2013. METHODS Participants completed up to six assessments for 10 days, including intended dietary restraint, alcohol use, and problems. RESULTS Drinking quantity partially mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems. For each drink consumed, there was a 1.4 times greater likelihood of eating after drinking, which was associated with greater intention to subsequently restrict calories. CONCLUSIONS The types of drinks consumed and reasons for restricting one's caloric intake may inform the relationship between these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Buchholz
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio , USA
- b Department of Psychology , The University of Tampa , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Janis H Crowther
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Ciesla
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio , USA
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Lee J, Sa J, Chaput JP, Seo DC, Samuel T. Racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception among U.S. college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:429-437. [PMID: 29488857 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1446437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine racial/ethnic differences in weight perception by sex among U.S. college students. PARTICIPANTS a national sample (N = 70,267) of college students selected from 2- and 4-year postsecondary institutions (N = 62) during the Fall semester from 2011 to 2014. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis using 4 years of American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment IIb data. Sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception. RESULTS Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black men and women were more likely to underestimate their body weight (p < .01). Asian men and women were more likely to overestimate their body weight than non-Hispanic whites (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Weight-related interventions should take into account racial/ethnic differences in body weight perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounghee Lee
- a Department of Nutrition Education , Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University , Suwon City , Kyonggi Province , South Korea
| | - Jaesin Sa
- b College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University , Vallejo , California , USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- c Department of Pediatrics , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- d Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University School of Public Health , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
| | - Tonya Samuel
- e College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University , Garden City , New York , USA
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Mueller MP, Blondin SA, Korn AR, Bakun PJ, Tucker KL, Economos CD. Behavioral Correlates of Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns among University Students. Nutrients 2018; 10:E716. [PMID: 29865279 PMCID: PMC6024866 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of young adulthood in establishing lifelong dietary habits, it is imperative to better understand potential underlying drivers of dietary behavior in the university-age population. Dietary patterns have been associated with disease risk, but behavioral predictors of dietary pattern adherence are poorly understood, especially among emerging adults. This study aims to evaluate health-related behaviors associated with dietary pattern scores among freshmen participating in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS; n = 630). We previously derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis and orthogonal rotation from dietary intake data. Health-related behavior data were collected via survey. All data were collected during the Spring semesters of 1998⁻2007. Unadjusted linear models were used to determine associations between dietary pattern scores and health-related behaviors. Significant correlates were retained in multivariable regression models, which were adjusted for demographic characteristics. We found that never eating meals away from home was associated with higher adherence to the Prudent and lower adherence to the Western and Alcohol patterns. Intention to lose weight was negatively associated with the Western pattern, while intention to gain weight was positively associated with all dietary patterns. These findings suggest that intervention efforts aimed at improving eating out behaviors and engaging in healthy weight management strategies may promote healthier dietary patterns among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan P Mueller
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Stacy A Blondin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ariella R Korn
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Peter J Bakun
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health & Health Disparities, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Abrantes AM, Scalco MD, O’Donnell S, Minami H, Read JP. Drinking and exercise behaviors among college students: between and within-person associations. J Behav Med 2017; 40:964-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Davis HA, Riley EN, Smith GT, Milich R, Burris JL. Alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students: A longitudinal test of 2 explanatory models of health behavior. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:112-121. [PMID: 27858530 PMCID: PMC5510535 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1260571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To help clarify the effect of gender on the bidirectional relationship between alcohol use and strenuous physical activity in college students. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred twenty-four (52% female) college students recruited in August 2008 and 2009 and followed up in April 2009 and April 2011, respectively. METHODS Participants reported their alcohol use and strenuous physical activity on 2 occasions (baseline and follow-up) spaced approximately 1 or 2 years apart. RESULTS For females, alcohol use quantity at baseline was associated with increased strenuous physical activity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, and alcohol use frequency at baseline was associated with decreased strenuous physical activity at 2-year follow-up. For males, alcohol use frequency at baseline predicted decreased strenuous physical activity at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences may be explained from an eating disorders perspective such that women use physical activity as a compensatory strategy to combat potential weight gain from calories consumed during alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gregory T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard Milich
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jessica L. Burris
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Martin RJ, Chaney BH, Vail-Smith K, Gallucci AR. Hazardous drinking and weight-conscious drinking behaviors in a sample of college students and college student athletes. Subst Abus 2016; 37:488-493. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1142922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Martin
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beth H. Chaney
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Vail-Smith
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Reilly EE, Dmochowski S, Schaumberg K, Earleywine M, Anderson D. Gender-moderated links between urgency, binge drinking, and excessive exercise. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:104-111. [PMID: 26629729 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1085056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise correlates with alcohol use, but the nature of this relation and the extent to which it is maladaptive remains unclear. Urgency and motives for engaging in drinking and exercise might indicate when these behaviors are problematic. The current study examined whether urgency moderated the association between exercise motivated by weight loss and drinking. PARTICIPANTS College students (N = 589, 45.7% male) completed the study during the spring of 2012. METHODS Participants completed self-report assessment measures, including frequency/quantity of alcohol consumption, exercise for weight loss, and urgency, during a single session. RESULTS Negative urgency moderated the relation between exercise and alcohol consumption in men but not women; the link between excessive exercise and alcohol use was stronger for men with higher levels of urgency. CONCLUSIONS Further clarification of the mechanisms underlying alcohol use and physical activity-particularly maladaptive approaches to exercise-will inform health interventions among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Reilly
- a Department of Psychology , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Sasha Dmochowski
- a Department of Psychology , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Katherine Schaumberg
- a Department of Psychology , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Mitch Earleywine
- a Department of Psychology , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Drew Anderson
- a Department of Psychology , University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York , USA
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Blondin SA, Mueller MP, Bakun PJ, Choumenkovitch SF, Tucker KL, Economos CD. Cross-Sectional Associations between Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns and Indicators of Disease Risk among University Students. Nutrients 2015; 8:E3. [PMID: 26712784 PMCID: PMC4728617 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a unique period during which lifelong dietary habits are shaped. Dietary patterns (DPs) among young adults attending college have not been adequately described, and associations between DPs and indicators of disease risk are not well understood in this age group. Dietary data were collected from undergraduates participating in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS; 1998-2007) by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ; n = 1323). DPs were derived using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Scree plots; eigenvalues; factor loadings; and previous studies were used to determine and label the DPs retained. Cross-sectional relationships between DP scores and anthropometric measures (percent body fat (PBF) and (BMI) and lipid biomarkers (total; HDL and LDL cholesterol; and triglycerides) were assessed with multivariable regression models; adjusted for demographics; physical activity; smoking; intention to gain/lose weight; and total energy intake. Effect modification by sex was tested. Three DPs were identified: Prudent; Western; and Alcohol. Greater adherence to the Prudent DP was associated with favorable anthropometric outcomes. The Alcohol DP was associated with a favorable lipid profile. Associations between the Western DP and blood lipids differed by sex; with unfavorable impact observed only among males. Our findings add to the literature linking DPs in young adults with measurable adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes; suggesting that improving nutrition among college students could reduce chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Blondin
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Megan P Mueller
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Peter J Bakun
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Silvina F Choumenkovitch
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health & Health Disparities, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Christina D Economos
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Pinna F, Milia P, Mereu A, di Santa Sofia SL, Puddu L, Fatteri F, Ghiani A, Lai A, Sanna L, Carpiniello B. Validation of the Italian version of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS). Eat Behav 2015; 19:120-6. [PMID: 26356633 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a representative sample of high school students, the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the CEBRACS scale (Rahal et al., 2011), a questionnaire investigating compensatory eating behaviors correlated with alcohol consumption. These behaviors are adopted to make up for calories consumed through the drinking of alcohol and/or to enhance the intoxicative effects of alcohol. Study participants were selected from an initial sample of 965 students. Out of the 965 youths originally recruited, 640 (376 males and 264 females) reported drinking alcohol over the previous 3 months, and were considered eligible for the purpose of the study. The following questionnaires were administered: CEBRACS, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Saunders, 1993), and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) (Garner, 2004). Test/retest reproducibility was evaluated on a subgroup of 189 youths. The factorial structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of CEBRACS were evaluated. Factor analysis of inter-item correlation indicated 5 factors as being better suited to describe data, with an estimated 68.85% variance: "Alcohol Effect, "Laxative Use", "Dietary Restraint and Exercise", "Diuretic Use", "Restriction and Vomiting". A high degree of reproducibility and homogeneity (ICC = 0.806; Cronbach's Alpha = 0.886) of the scale was detected. A significant correlation was revealed between CEBRACS, the three eating disorder risk scales comprised in EDI-3 and scores and clinical risk yielded by AUDIT. The overall reliability and validity of the CEBRACS scale was confirmed in an extensive sample of Italian students, highlighting a satisfactory construct validity, good internal consistency and good degree of reproducibility. In view of the relevance of the problem, associated with serious health risks, a more widespread investigation of the phenomenon should be conducted using evaluation tools of proven validity and reliability on both representative samples of the general population and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pinna
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Paola Milia
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mereu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | | | - Laura Puddu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Francesca Fatteri
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Alice Ghiani
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Alice Lai
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Lucia Sanna
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- University of Cagliari, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Italy.
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Roosen KM, Mills JS. Exploring the motives and mental health correlates of intentional food restriction prior to alcohol use in university students. J Health Psychol 2015; 20:875-86. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315573436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the prevalence of and motivations behind ‘drunkorexia’ – restricting food intake prior to drinking alcohol. For both male and female university students ( N = 3409), intentionally changing eating behaviour prior to drinking alcohol was common practice (46%). Analyses performed on a targeted sample of women ( n = 226) revealed that food restriction prior to alcohol use was associated with greater symptomology than eating more food. Those who restrict eating prior to drinking to avoid weight gain scored higher on measures of disordered eating, whereas those who restrict to get intoxicated faster scored higher on measures of alcohol abuse.
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Schaumberg K, Anderson LM, Reilly E, Anderson DA. Patterns of compensatory behaviors and disordered eating in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 62:526-533. [PMID: 24911417 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.930468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated rates of endorsement of eating-related compensatory behaviors within a college sample. PARTICIPANTS This sample included male and female students (N = 1,158). METHODS PARTICIPANTS completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). The study defined 3 groups of students: those who did not endorse purging behaviors, those who endorsed only exercise, and those who endorsed laxative use or vomiting. Rates of related eating disorder risk variables were compared across the 3 groups. RESULTS Almost half of college students reported utilizing exercise as a compensatory strategy over the past 28 days. Those reporting compensatory exercise did not differ from other community and college samples on EDE-Q subscales. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that college students report significant rates of compensatory exercise, and those who report exercise as their only compensatory behavior also report relatively low levels of eating disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schaumberg
- a Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany , New York
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Eisenberg MH, Fitz CC. "Drunkorexia": exploring the who and why of a disturbing trend in college students' eating and drinking behaviors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2014; 62:570-577. [PMID: 25102366 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.947991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Drunkorexia," limiting food intake before alcohol consumption, increases college students' risk for negative alcohol-related health consequences. The current study tested whether (1) women engage in drunkorexia more frequently than men; (2) weight control motivations explain sex differences in drunkorexia; and (3) among women, weight control motivations are a particularly strong predictor of drunkorexia for heavier drinkers. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate males and females (N = 63) recruited during fall of 2011. METHODS PARTICIPANTS self-reported their alcohol consumption, drunkorexia, and weight control motivations online. RESULTS Findings supported hypotheses: weight control motivations explained why women engage in drunkorexia more than men; and the weight control motivation → drunkorexia relation was strongest for heavier- (vs lighter-) drinking women. CONCLUSION Women have more weight concerns than men, which makes them more likely to engage in drunkorexia. Heavy-drinking women with strong weight control motivations are at greatest risk for drunkorexia. Interventions should help students more safely reconcile pressures to be thin and drink alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam H Eisenberg
- a Department of Psychology , George Washington University , Washington , DC
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