1
|
Akamatsu F, Jomura N, Tsuchida Y, Igi Y, Hisatsune Y, Teramoto S, Fujita A, Yamada O. Effect of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the carbon stable isotopes of organic acids in Japanese apricots and liqueur prepared from these fruits. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:1-12. [PMID: 38129760 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2292701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of water deficit stress during fruit cultivation on the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in Japanese apricots at different ripeness stages and their resulting liqueurs. Our experiments show that water deficit stress increases the δ13C values of citric acid and malic acid in tree-ripened fruits, counteracting the typical decrease during ripening. However, water deficit treatment has a minimal effect on the δ13C values of organic acids in green fruits. Regardless of fruit ripeness or water status, the δ13C values of organic acids in fruits are directly reflected in the resulting liqueurs. Overall, water deficit stress during fruit cultivation has the potential to promote similarity in the δ13C values of organic acids across fruits at different ripeness levels, reducing variations among liqueurs derived from fruits of varying ripeness levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Jomura
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tsuchida
- Japanese Apricot Laboratory, Wakayama Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Minabe, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Igi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoko Teramoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamada
- National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Athaillah Z, Yarnes C, Wang SC. Bulk and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for the Authentication of Walnuts ( Juglans regia) Origins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71. [PMID: 37917953 PMCID: PMC10655176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are grown in various countries, and as product origin information is becoming more important to consumers, new techniques to differentiate walnut geographical authenticity are needed. We conducted bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) on walnuts grown in seven countries. The BSIA consisted of δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk, and δ34Sbulk, and CSIA covered δ2Hfatty acid, δ13Cfatty acid, δ13Camino acid, δ15Namino acid, and δ2Hamino acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used for statistical analysis to compare samples from the USA and China. Parameters that yielded significant variations are δ2HC18:1n-9, δ13CC18:2n-6, δ13CC18:3n-3, δ13CGly, δ13CLeu, δ13CVal, δ2HGlu, δ2HIle, δ2HLeu, and δ2HThr. Our findings suggested that CSIA of fatty acids and amino acids can be useful to differentiate the geographical provenance of walnuts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zatil
A. Athaillah
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chris Yarnes
- Stable
Isotope Facility of University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Selina C. Wang
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baan J, Holloway-Phillips M, Nelson DB, Kahmen A. The metabolic sensitivity of hydrogen isotope fractionation differs between plant compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113563. [PMID: 36528118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen stable isotope analyses (δ2H) of plant derived organic compounds are a useful tool for ecological, environmental, and palaeoclimatological research. However, during organic compound synthesis, variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation has been suggested to occur as a result of changes in plant carbon fluxes. So far, inference has been based on examining the δ2H patterns of plant compounds along environmental gradients, among plant species, and between plant organs. In an alternative approach, we used four plant species with four different types of mutations that cause impaired starch synthesis to assess whether variability in carbon metabolism affects the biosynthetic 2H-fractionation during cellulose, phytol, and acetogenic lipid synthesis. We found that mutants with impaired starch synthesis always had higher cellulose and phytol δ2H values compared to the wild type. By contrast, 2H-fractionation during acetogenic lipid biosynthesis generally did not show strong metabolic sensitivity. We rationalise these differences by considering the biosynthetic pathway of each compound and the likely source of the variable isotope fractionation. In different organic compounds, the sensitivity of variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation to changes in C-metabolism depends on incorporation of specific H atoms from precursor molecules. As such, we determined that the similar increase in cellulose and phytol δ2H values as an effect of impaired starch synthesis most likely originates in triose-phosphates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Baan
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Meisha Holloway-Phillips
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Influence of Single Deuterium Replacement on Frequency of Hydrogen Bond Dissociation in IFNA17 under the Highest Critical Energy Range. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415487. [PMID: 36555136 PMCID: PMC9778762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of single substitutions of protium for deuterium in hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases on the open states occurrence probability at high critical breaking energies of these bonds has been studied. The study was carried out using numerical methods based on the angular mathematical model of DNA. The IFNA17 gene was divided into three approximately equal parts. A comparison of the open states occurrence probability in these parts of the gene was done. To improve the accuracy of the results, a special data processing algorithm was developed. The developed methods have shown their suitability for taking into account the occurrence of open states in the entire range of high critical energies. It has been established that single 2H/1H substitutions in certain nitrogenous bases can be a mechanism for maintaining the vital activity of IFNA17 under critical conditions. In general, the developed method of the mathematical modeling provide unprecedented insight into the DNA behavior under the highest critical energy range, which greatly expands scientific understanding of nucleobases interaction.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen J, Li P, Wang Y, Yang K, Li Y, Yao H, Wang Q, Xiao P, He C. Pharmacophylogenetic study of Scutellaria baicalensis and its substitute medicinal species based on the chloroplast genomics, metabolomics, and active ingredient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951824. [PMID: 36061787 PMCID: PMC9433114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genetic relationships among the species in Scutellaria genus remain unclear because of the variation in the number of species and complex trait. The usage of S. baicalensis and its four substitute medicinal species (S. amoena, S. hypericifolia, S. likiangensis, and S. viscidula) in traditional medicines make their specialized metabolism important in China, but interspecific genetic and chemical differences have rarely been reported for these species. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of four substitute species for S. baicalensis were assembled, and comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these species and other Scutellaria relatives. In addition, metabolomics analyses were performed and the contents of the main active compounds were determined to reveal the interspecific chemical diversity of S. baicalensis and its four substitute species. The full lengths of their chloroplast genomes ranged from 151,574 to 151,816 bp with an average GC content of 38.34%, and a total of 113 genes were annotated. In the chloroplast genomes of S. baicalensis and its four substitutes, one hypervariable region (petA-psbL) is proposed as a potential DNA barcode. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the subdivision of the genus Scutellaria should be reconsidered. The metabolomics and content determination analyses showed that the four species exhibit a metabolism similar to that of S. baicalensis in different parts. Except for the roots of S. likiangensis, all parts of the substitute species showed high contents of baicalin. Genetic and chemical analyses of four substitute medicinal species for S. baicalensis were performed here for the first time, and their pharmacophylogenetic relationships were further explored, providing a scientific basis for the subsequent development of the medicinal value and resource utilization of Scutellaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Pei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kailing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wieloch T, Sharkey TD, Werner RA, Schleucher J. Intramolecular carbon isotope signals reflect metabolite allocation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2558-2575. [PMID: 35084456 PMCID: PMC9015809 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes at natural abundance are key tools to study physiological processes occurring outside the temporal scope of manipulation and monitoring experiments. Whole-molecule carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) enable assessments of plant carbon uptake yet conceal information about carbon allocation. Here, we identify an intramolecular 13C/12C signal at tree-ring glucose C-5 and C-6 and develop experimentally testable theories on its origin. More specifically, we assess the potential of processes within C3 metabolism for signal introduction based (inter alia) on constraints on signal propagation posed by metabolic networks. We propose that the intramolecular signal reports carbon allocation into major metabolic pathways in actively photosynthesizing leaf cells including the anaplerotic, shikimate, and non-mevalonate pathway. We support our theoretical framework by linking it to previously reported whole-molecule 13C/12C increases in cellulose of ozone-treated Betula pendula and a highly significant relationship between the intramolecular signal and tropospheric ozone concentration. Our theory postulates a pronounced preference for leaf cytosolic triose-phosphate isomerase to catalyse the forward reaction in vivo (dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate). In conclusion, intramolecular 13C/12C analysis resolves information about carbon uptake and allocation enabling more comprehensive assessments of carbon metabolism than whole-molecule 13C/12C analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas David Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Roland Anton Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wieloch T, Grabner M, Augusti A, Serk H, Ehlers I, Yu J, Schleucher J. Metabolism is a major driver of hydrogen isotope fractionation recorded in tree-ring glucose of Pinus nigra. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:449-461. [PMID: 35114006 PMCID: PMC9306475 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences. To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree-ring series (1961-1995). We found fractionation signals (i.e. temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H1 and H2 introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO2 concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈ 60% of the whole-molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below-average yet not exceptionally low growth. We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf level by changes in sucrose-to-starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin-Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Michael Grabner
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna3430Tulln an der DonauAustria
| | - Angela Augusti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial EcosystemsNational Research CouncilPorano (TR)05010Italy
| | - Henrik Serk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Ina Ehlers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsUmeå University901 87UmeåSweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kreuzwieser J, Meischner M, Grün M, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Fasbender L, Werner C. Drought affects carbon partitioning into volatile organic compound biosynthesis in Scots pine needles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1930-1943. [PMID: 34523149 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of drought on the interplay of processes controlling carbon partitioning into plant primary and secondary metabolisms, such as respiratory CO2 release and volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthesis, is not fully understood. To elucidate the effect of drought on the fate of cellular C sources into VOCs vs CO2 , we conducted tracer experiments with 13 CO2 and position-specific 13 C-labelled pyruvate, a key metabolite between primary and secondary metabolisms, in Scots pine seedlings. We determined the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf exchanged CO2 and VOC. Drought reduced the emission of the sesquiterpenes α-farnesene and β-farnesene but did not affect 13 C-incorporation from 13 C-pyruvate. The labelling patterns suggest that farnesene biosynthesis partially depends on isopentenyl diphosphate crosstalk between chloroplasts and cytosol, and that drought inhibits this process. Contrary to sesquiterpenes, drought did not affect emission of isoprene, monoterpenes and some oxygenated compounds. During the day, pyruvate was used in the TCA cycle to a minor degree but was mainly consumed in pathways of secondary metabolism. Drought partly inhibited such pathways, while allocation into the TCA cycle increased. Drought caused a re-direction of pyruvate consuming pathways, which contributed to maintenance of isoprene and monoterpene production despite strongly inhibited photosynthesis. This underlines the importance of these volatiles for stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Mirjam Meischner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Michel Grün
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lukas Fasbender
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wieloch T, Werner RA, Schleucher J. Carbon flux around leaf-cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase introduces a 13C signal in plant glucose. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7136-7144. [PMID: 34223885 PMCID: PMC8547152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Within the plant and Earth sciences, stable isotope analysis is a versatile tool conveying information (inter alia) about plant physiological and paleoclimate variability across scales. Here, we identify a 13C signal (i.e. systematic 13C/12C variation) at tree-ring glucose C-4 and report an experimentally testable theory on its origin. We propose the signal is introduced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in the cytosol of leaves. It conveys two kinds of (potentially convoluted) information: (i) commitment of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate versus fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism; and (ii) the contribution of non-phosphorylating versus phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to catalysing the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate forward reaction of glycolysis. The theory is supported by 13C fractionation modelling. Modelling results provide the first evidence in support of the cytosolic oxidation-reduction (COR) cycle, a carbon-neutral mechanism supplying NADPH at the expense of ATP and NADH, which may help to maintain leaf-cytosolic redox balances. In line with expectations related to COR cycling, we found a positive correlation between air vapour pressure deficit and 13C discrimination at glucose C-4. Overall, 13C-4 signal analysis may enable an improved understanding of leaf carbon and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roland Anton Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akoka S, Remaud GS. NMR-based isotopic and isotopomic analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 120-121:1-24. [PMID: 33198965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules exist in different isotopic compositions and most of the processes, physical or chemical, in living systems cause selection between heavy and light isotopes. Thus, knowing the isotopic fractionation of the common atoms, such as H, C, N, O or S, at each step during a metabolic pathway allows the construction of a unique isotope profile that reflects its past history. Having access to the isotope abundance gives valuable clues about the (bio)chemical origin of biological or synthetic molecules. Whereas the isotope ratio measured by mass spectrometry provides a global isotope composition, quantitative NMR measures isotope ratios at individual positions within a molecule. We present here the requirements and the corresponding experimental strategies to use quantitative NMR for measuring intramolecular isotope profiles. After an introduction showing the historical evolution of NMR for measuring isotope ratios, the vocabulary and symbols - for describing the isotope content and quantifying its change - are defined. Then, the theoretical framework of very accurate quantitative NMR is presented as the principle of Isotope Ratio Measurement by NMR spectroscopy, including the practical aspects with nuclei other than 2H, that have been developed and employed to date. Lastly, the most relevant applications covering three issues, tackling counterfeiting, authentication, and forensic investigation, are presented, before giving some perspectives combining technical improvements and methodological approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kozin SV, Kravtsov AA, Turoverov KK, Fonin AV, Chikhirzhina EV, Malyshko VV, Moiseev AV, Churkina AV. Changes in the Functional Activity of Horseradish Peroxidase and Bovine Serum Albumin in Media with Different Isotope 2H/1H Compositions. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hu L, Chen X, Yang J, Guo L. Geographic authentication of the traditional Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Baizhu) using stable isotope and multielement analyses. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1703-1710. [PMID: 31267592 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Baizhu) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, and medicines of that type originating from Zhejiang province are the most famous and much more expensive than those from other regions. Driven by the great difference in prices, fraudulent labeling often occurs. In order to protect the interests of consumers, producers and honest traders, reliable techniques for the geographic authentication of Baizhu are needed urgently. METHODS The stable isotope ratios of five light elements (C, N, H, O and S) in Baizhu samples originating from four provinces of China were determined with an elemental analyzer coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of 45 elements in these samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemometric approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthodox partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to the obtained data. RESULTS The PCA results showed that the techniques enabled clear classification of the Baizhu samples into three clusters: A (Zhejiang province), B (Shaanxi province) and C (Hebei and Ahui provinces). Furthermore, OPLS-DA using 27 key variables provided 100% correct discrimination between samples originating from Zhejiang province and those from the other three provinces. CONCLUSIONS Stable isotope ratio and multielement analyses in combination with chemometric approaches showed great potential for the geographic authentication of Baizhu, providing a promising method for the control of fraudulent labeling that frequently occurs with traditional herbal medicines in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, 315000, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Basov A, Fedulova L, Vasilevskaya E, Dzhimak S. Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effects Observed in Living Systems during 2H/ 1H Isotope Fractionation and Deuterium Interactions with Other Biogenic Isotopes. Molecules 2019; 24:E4101. [PMID: 31766268 PMCID: PMC6891295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the original descriptions of some recent physics mechanisms (based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and quantum tunnel effects) providing stable 2H/1H isotope fractionation, leading to the accumulation of particular isotopic forms in intra- or intercellular space, including the molecular effects of deuterium interaction with 18O/17O/16O, 15N/14N, 13C/12C, and other stable biogenic isotopes. These effects were observed mainly at the organelle (mitochondria) and cell levels. A new hypothesis for heavy nonradioactive isotope fractionation in living systems via neutron effect realization is discussed. The comparative analysis of some experimental studies results revealed the following observation: "Isotopic shock" is highly probable and is observed mostly when chemical bonds form between atoms with a summary odd number of neutrons (i.e., bonds with a non-compensated neutron, which correspond to the following equation: Nn - Np = 2k + 1, where k ϵ Z, k is the integer, Z is the set of non-negative integers, Nn is number of neutrons, and Np is number of protons of each individual atom, or in pair of isotopes with a chemical bond). Data on the efficacy and metabolic pathways of the therapy also considered 2H-modified drinking and diet for some diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, mitochondrial disorders, diabetes, cerebral hypoxia, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Basov
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar 350063, Russia;
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Vasilevskaya
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Basov A, Fedulova L, Baryshev M, Dzhimak S. Deuterium-Depleted Water Influence on the Isotope 2H/ 1H Regulation in Body and Individual Adaptation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1903. [PMID: 31443167 PMCID: PMC6723318 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article presents data about the influence of deuterium-depleted water (DDW) on biological systems. It is known that the isotope abundances of natural and bottled waters are variable worldwide. That is why different drinking rations lead to changes of stable isotopes content in body water fluxes in human and animal organisms. Also, intracellular water isotope ratios in living systems depends on metabolic activity and food consumption. We found the 2H/1H gradient in human fluids (δ2H saliva >> δ2H blood plasma > δ2Hbreast milk), which decreases significantly during DDW intake. Moreover, DDW induces several important biological effects in organism (antioxidant, metabolic detoxification, anticancer, rejuvenation, behavior, etc.). Changing the isotope 2H/1H gradient from "2H blood plasma > δ2H visceral organs" to "δ2H blood plasma << δ2H visceral organs" via DDW drinking increases individual adaptation by isotopic shock. The other possible mechanisms of long-term adaptation is DDW influence on the growth rate of cells, enzyme activity and cellular energetics (e.g., stimulation of the mitochondrion activity). In addition, DDW reduces the number of single-stranded DNA breaks and modifies the miRNA profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Basov
- Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
- Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Liliia Fedulova
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia.
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia.
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li N, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lou Y, Zhao X. Effect of oil spill on compound-specific stable carbon isotope composition of amino acid in Nitzschia closterium and Heterosigma akashiwo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1095-1104. [PMID: 30759549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae, the most important primary producers in marine ecosystems, are susceptible to toxicants and usually selected as the promising organisms for chemical risk testing. The stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of amino acids (AAs) were measured to determine if compound-specific stable isotope analysis could be used to provide insight into the toxic effects of oil spill on the marine microalgae. The water accommodated fractions (WAF) of #180 fuel oil were selected as the toxic targets with different concentrations in acute (96 h) toxic tests. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene were detected as the predominant congeners of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the WAF, and may be the main toxic components. At the same WAF concentration, the δ13C values of leucine in Nitzschia closterium increased with the culture time, whereas decreased in Heterosigma akashiwo. However, with the increasing WAF concentrations, the δ13C values of glutamic acid exhibited the increasing trend in both of the two kinds of microalgae at the same culture time. The similar phenomenon was also observed for histidine in H. akashiwo, while opposite in N. closterium, but both enriching in δ13C compared to the controlled experiments without the WAF. Under the different culture times and WAF concentrations, the δ13C values of alanine and methionine showed unexpected trend. These findings indicated that the synthesis pathways of AA in microalgae cells were affected by the WAF, thus leading to the carbon isotopic fractionation in AAs. The present study provide a novel approach to explore the toxicity mechanism of primary producers under oil spill stress, and monitor and evaluate the marine ecological risk of oil spill pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yadi Lou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinda Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ariz I, Boeckstaens M, Gouveia C, Martins AP, Sanz-Luque E, Fernández E, Soveral G, von Wirén N, Marini AM, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Cruz C. Nitrogen isotope signature evidences ammonium deprotonation as a common transport mechanism for the AMT-Mep-Rh protein superfamily. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3599. [PMID: 30214933 PMCID: PMC6135547 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is an important nitrogen (N) source for living organisms, a key metabolite for pH control, and a potent cytotoxic compound. Ammonium is transported by the widespread AMT-Mep-Rh membrane proteins, and despite their significance in physiological processes, the nature of substrate translocation (NH3/NH4+) by the distinct members of this family is still a matter of controversy. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing representative AMT-Mep-Rh ammonium carriers and taking advantage of the natural chemical-physical property of the N isotopic signature linked to NH4+/NH3 conversion, this study shows that only cells expressing AMT-Mep-Rh proteins were depleted in 15N relative to 14N when compared to the external ammonium source. We observed 15N depletion over a wide range of external pH, indicating its independence of NH3 formation in solution. On the basis of inhibitor studies, ammonium transport by nonspecific cation channels did not show isotope fractionation but competition with K+. We propose that kinetic N isotope fractionation is a common feature of AMT-Mep-Rh-type proteins, which favor 14N over 15N, owing to the dissociation of NH4+ into NH3 + H+ in the protein, leading to 15N depletion in the cell and allowing NH3 passage or NH3/H+ cotransport. This deprotonation mechanism explains these proteins' essential functions in environments under a low NH4+/K+ ratio, allowing organisms to specifically scavenge NH4+. We show that 15N isotope fractionation may be used in vivo not only to determine the molecular species being transported by ammonium transport proteins, but also to track ammonium toxicity and associated amino acids excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Ariz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Biology of Membrane Transport, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Catarina Gouveia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Martins
- iMed.ULisboa–Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univeristy of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univeristy of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Graça Soveral
- iMed.ULisboa–Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, 06466 OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anna M. Marini
- Biology of Membrane Transport, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Some Systemic Effects of Deuterium Depleted Water on Presenile Female Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.83494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Dzhimak SS, Svidlov AA, Basov AA, Baryshev MG, Drobotenko MI. The Effect of Single Deuterium Substitutions for Protium in a DNA Molecule on the Occurrence of Open States. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
19
|
Cormier MA, Werner RA, Sauer PE, Gröcke DR, Leuenberger MC, Wieloch T, Schleucher J, Kahmen A. 2 H-fractionations during the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and lipids imprint a metabolic signal on the δ 2 H values of plant organic compounds. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:479-491. [PMID: 29460486 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H) isotope ratio (δ2 H) analyses of plant organic compounds have been applied to assess ecohydrological processes in the environment despite a large part of the δ2 H variability observed in plant compounds not being fully elucidated. We present a conceptual biochemical model based on empirical H isotope data that we generated in two complementary experiments that clarifies a large part of the unexplained variability in the δ2 H values of plant organic compounds. The experiments demonstrate that information recorded in the δ2 H values of plant organic compounds goes beyond hydrological signals and can also contain important information on the carbon and energy metabolism of plants. Our model explains where 2 H-fractionations occur in the biosynthesis of plant organic compounds and how these 2 H-fractionations are tightly coupled to a plant's carbon and energy metabolism. Our model also provides a mechanistic basis to introduce H isotopes in plant organic compounds as a new metabolic proxy for the carbon and energy metabolism of plants and ecosystems. Such a new metabolic proxy has the potential to be applied in a broad range of disciplines, including plant and ecosystem physiology, biogeochemistry and palaeoecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Cormier
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter E Sauer
- Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Darren R Gröcke
- Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Science Laboratories, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Markus C Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Intramolecular 13C analysis of tree rings provides multiple plant ecophysiology signals covering decades. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5048. [PMID: 29567963 PMCID: PMC5864875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of carbon isotope contents of plant organic matter provide important information in diverse fields such as plant breeding, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry and paleoclimatology. They are currently based on 13C/12C ratios of specific, whole metabolites, but we show here that intramolecular ratios provide higher resolution information. In the glucose units of tree-ring cellulose of 12 tree species, we detected large differences in 13C/12C ratios (>10‰) among carbon atoms, which provide isotopically distinct inputs to major global C pools, including wood and soil organic matter. Thus, considering position-specific differences can improve characterisation of soil-to-atmosphere carbon fluxes and soil metabolism. In a Pinus nigra tree-ring archive formed from 1961 to 1995, we found novel 13C signals, and show that intramolecular analysis enables more comprehensive and precise signal extraction from tree rings, and thus higher resolution reconstruction of plants’ responses to climate change. Moreover, we propose an ecophysiological mechanism for the introduction of a 13C signal, which links an environmental shift to the triggered metabolic shift and its intramolecular 13C signature. In conclusion, intramolecular 13C analyses can provide valuable new information about long-term metabolic dynamics for numerous applications.
Collapse
|
21
|
He Y, Cao X, Wang J, Bao H. Identifying apparent local stable isotope equilibrium in a complex non-equilibrium system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:306-310. [PMID: 29205593 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although being out of equilibrium, biomolecules in organisms have the potential to approach isotope equilibrium locally because enzymatic reactions are intrinsically reversible. A rigorous approach that can describe isotope distribution among biomolecules and their apparent deviation from equilibrium state is lacking, however. METHODS Applying the concept of distance matrix in graph theory, we propose that apparent local isotope equilibrium among a subset of biomolecules can be assessed using an apparent fractionation difference (|Δα|) matrix, in which the differences between the observed isotope composition (δ') and the calculated equilibrium fractionation factor (1000lnβ) can be more rigorously evaluated than by using a previous approach for multiple biomolecules. We tested our |Δα| matrix approach by re-analyzing published data of different amino acids (AAs) in potato and in green alga. RESULTS Our re-analysis shows that biosynthesis pathways could be the reason for an apparently close-to-equilibrium relationship inside AA families in potato leaves. Different biosynthesis/degradation pathways in tubers may have led to the observed isotope distribution difference between potato leaves and tubers. The analysis of data from green algae does not support the conclusion that AAs are further from equilibrium in glucose-cultured green algae than in the autotrophic ones. CONCLUSIONS Application of the |Δα| matrix can help us to locate potential reversible reactions or reaction networks in a complex system such as a metabolic system. The same approach can be broadly applied to all complex systems that have multiple components, e.g. geochemical or atmospheric systems of early Earth or other planets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang He
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe Russell Kniffen, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Xiaobin Cao
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe Russell Kniffen, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe Russell Kniffen, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Huiming Bao
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, E235 Howe Russell Kniffen, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Insights into the role of methionine synthase in the universal 13 C depletion in O - and N -methyl groups of natural products. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
Estrada NL, Böhlke JK, Sturchio NC, Gu B, Harvey G, Burkey KO, Grantz DA, McGrath MT, Anderson TA, Rao B, Sevanthi R, Hatzinger PB, Jackson WA. Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:556-566. [PMID: 28399495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural perchlorate (ClO4-) in soil and groundwater exhibits a wide range in stable isotopic compositions (δ37Cl, δ18O, and Δ17O), indicating that ClO4- may be formed through more than one pathway and/or undergoes post-depositional isotopic alteration. Plants are known to accumulate ClO4-, but little is known about their ability to alter its isotopic composition. We examined the potential for plants to alter the isotopic composition of ClO4- in hydroponic and field experiments conducted with snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In hydroponic studies, anion ratios indicated that ClO4- was transported from solutions into plants similarly to NO3- but preferentially to Cl- (4-fold). The ClO4- isotopic compositions of initial ClO4- reagents, final growth solutions, and aqueous extracts from plant tissues were essentially indistinguishable, indicating no significant isotope effects during ClO4- uptake or accumulation. The ClO4- isotopic composition of field-grown snap beans was also consistent with that of ClO4- in varying proportions from irrigation water and precipitation. NO3- uptake had little or no effect on NO3- isotopic compositions in hydroponic solutions. However, a large fractionation effect with an apparent ε (15N/18O) ratio of 1.05 was observed between NO3- in hydroponic solutions and leaf extracts, consistent with partial NO3- reduction during assimilation within plant tissue. We also explored the feasibility of evaluating sources of ClO4- in commercial produce, as illustrated by spinach, for which the ClO4- isotopic composition was similar to that of indigenous natural ClO4-. Our results indicate that some types of plants can accumulate and (presumably) release ClO4- to soil and groundwater without altering its isotopic characteristics. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of ClO4- and NO3- in plants may be useful for determining sources of fertilizers and sources of ClO4- in their growth environments and consequently in food supplies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nubia Luz Estrada
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | - J K Böhlke
- National Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Greg Harvey
- U.S. Air Force, ASC/ENVR, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Kent O Burkey
- U.S.D.A. - A.R.S., Plant Sciences Research Unit, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - David A Grantz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Margaret T McGrath
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, SIPS, Cornell University, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Riverhead, NY 11901, USA
| | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA
| | - Balaji Rao
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | - Ritesh Sevanthi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | | | - W Andrew Jackson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Akamatsu F, Oe T, Hashiguchi T, Hisatsune Y, Kawao T, Fujii T. Application of carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses to detect exogenous citric acid in Japanese apricot liqueur. Food Chem 2017; 228:297-300. [PMID: 28317727 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Japanese apricot liqueur manufacturers are required to control the quality and authenticity of their liqueur products. Citric acid made from corn is the main acidulant used in commercial liqueurs. In this study, we conducted spiking experiments and carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses to detect exogenous citric acid used as an acidulant in Japanese apricot liqueurs. Our results showed that the δ13C values detected exogenous citric acid originating from C4 plants but not from C3 plants. The δ2H values of citric acid decreased as the amount of citric acid added increased, whether the citric acid originated from C3 or C4 plants. Commercial liqueurs with declared added acidulant provided higher δ13C values and lower δ2H values than did authentic liqueurs and commercial liqueurs with no declared added acidulant. Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses are suitable as routine methods for detecting exogenous citric acid in Japanese apricot liqueur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Akamatsu
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Oe
- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Depertment, Wakayama Prefecture, 1-1 Komatsubara-dori, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8585, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hashiguchi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yuri Hisatsune
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawao
- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Depertment, Wakayama Prefecture, 1-1 Komatsubara-dori, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lehmann MM, Gamarra B, Kahmen A, Siegwolf RTW, Saurer M. Oxygen isotope fractionations across individual leaf carbohydrates in grass and tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1658-1670. [PMID: 28436078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost no δ18 O data are available for leaf carbohydrates, leaving a gap in the understanding of the δ18 O relationship between leaf water and cellulose. We measured δ18 O values of bulk leaf water (δ18 OLW ) and individual leaf carbohydrates (e.g. fructose, glucose and sucrose) in grass and tree species and δ18 O of leaf cellulose in grasses. The grasses were grown under two relative humidity (rH) conditions. Sucrose was generally 18 O-enriched compared with hexoses across all species with an apparent biosynthetic fractionation factor (εbio ) of more than 27‰ relative to δ18 OLW , which might be explained by isotopic leaf water and sucrose synthesis gradients. δ18 OLW and δ18 O values of carbohydrates and cellulose in grasses were strongly related, indicating that the leaf water signal in carbohydrates was transferred to cellulose (εbio = 25.1‰). Interestingly, damping factor pex px , which reflects oxygen isotope exchange with less enriched water during cellulose synthesis, responded to rH conditions if modelled from δ18 OLW but not if modelled directly from δ18 O of individual carbohydrates. We conclude that δ18 OLW is not always a good substitute for δ18 O of synthesis water due to isotopic leaf water gradients. Thus, compound-specific δ18 O analyses of individual carbohydrates are helpful to better constrain (post-)photosynthetic isotope fractionation processes in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gamarra
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fuller BT, Petzke KJ. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15 N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ 15 N trophic level effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:705-718. [PMID: 28181729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15 N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15 N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. METHODS Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15 N values from N-pivaloyl-i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats (n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. RESULTS Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15 NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15 NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The 15 N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15 N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carbon Stable Isotope Analysis for Glucose in Sake: Simple Freeze-Dried Sake Can Substitute for Glucose Following HPLC Isolation. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
28
|
Akamatsu F, Hashiguchi T, Hisatsune Y, Oe T, Kawao T, Fujii T. Method for the isolation of citric acid and malic acid in Japanese apricot liqueur for carbon stable isotope analysis. Food Chem 2017; 217:112-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
Lehmann WD. A timeline of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry in the life sciences. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:58-85. [PMID: 26919394 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review retraces the role of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry in the life sciences. The timeline is divided into four segments covering the years 1920-1950, 1950-1980, 1980-2000, and 2000 until today. For each period methodic progress and typical applications are discussed. Application of stable isotopes is driven by improvements of mass spectrometry, chromatography, and related fields in sensitivity, mass accuracy, structural specificity, complex sample handling ability, data output, and data evaluation. We currently experience the vision of omics-type analyses, that is, the comprehensive identification and quantification of a complete compound class within one or a few analytical runs. This development is driven by stable isotopes without competition by radioisotopes. In metabolic studies as classic field of isotopic tracer experiments, stable isotopes and radioisotopes were competing solutions, with stable isotopes as the long-term junior partner. Since the 1990s the number of metabolic studies with radioisotopes decreases, whereas stable isotope studies retain their slow but stable upward tendency. Unique fields of stable isotopes are metabolic tests in newborns, metabolic experiments in healthy controls, newborn screening for inborn errors, quantification of drugs and drug metabolites in doping control, natural isotope fractionation in geology, ecology, food authentication, or doping control, and more recently the field of quantitative omics-type analyses. There, cells or whole organisms are systematically labeled with stable isotopes to study proteomic differences or specific responses to stimuli or genetic manipulation. The duo of stable isotopes and mass spectrometry will probably continue to grow in the life sciences, since it delivers reference-quality quantitative data with molecular specificity, often combined with informative isotope effects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:58-85, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf D Lehmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mihoub I, Ghashghaie J, Badeck FW, Robert T, Lamothe-Sibold M, Aid F. Intraspecific variability of carbon isotope discrimination and its correlation with grain yield in safflower: prospects for selection in a Mediterranean climate. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2016; 52:577-591. [PMID: 26982084 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1142988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the present study were to obtain a first estimate of intraspecific variability of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in safflower, a thistle-like herbaceous plant, and to determine the statistical relationship between Δ and grain yield as well as its components in a collection of 45 accessions of different origins. Grain yield and aboveground biomass, harvest index, average grain weight, and Δ (measured on the bulk leaf organic matter) were investigated in experimental field conditions. A large variability was noted for all traits but a principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to identify several homogeneous groups of accessions. Average grain yield per plant varied between 1 and 39 g. Δ varied between 21.3 and 25.2 ‰, i.e. a large variation of 3.9 ‰. In our experiment, the variation of Δ was not significantly related to that of grain yield in the whole accession sample. However, we found contrasting trends for this relation within accession groups. These initial results motivate further experiments to assess more in depth correlation between Δ and yield in safflower and are encouraging regarding the possibility of using Δ as an effective selection index in safflower to obtain genotypes that efficiently consume water. This study also highlighted one accession that combines the two characters required in the Mediterranean regions, i.e. high yield performance and high water-use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mihoub
- a Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes (LBPO) , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari-Boumediene (USTHB) , Bab Ezzouar, Alger , Algeria
| | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- b Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Franz W Badeck
- c CREA-GPG, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Genomics Research Centre (GPG) , Fiorenzuola d'Arda , Italy
| | - Thierry Robert
- b Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay , France
| | - Marlène Lamothe-Sibold
- d Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Sorbonne Paris-Cite , Orsay , France
- e Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Fatiha Aid
- a Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes (LBPO) , Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari-Boumediene (USTHB) , Bab Ezzouar, Alger , Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hemer KA, Lamb AL, Chenery CA, Evans JA. A multi-isotope investigation of diet and subsistence amongst island and mainland populations from early medieval western Britain. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:423-440. [PMID: 27858981 PMCID: PMC5324698 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This is the first investigation of dietary practices amongst multiple early medieval populations (AD 500–1000) from Wales and the Isle of Man using carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotope analysis. The analysis will illuminate similarities or differences between the diets and subsistence strategies of populations occupying different geographical regions, specifically those living in marginal coastal regions in comparison to inland populations well‐connected to ecclesiastical centres and high‐status settlements. Materials and Methods One hundred and two human skeletons were sampled for carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, and 69 human skeletons were sampled for sulphur isotope analysis from nine cemetery sites from western Britain (Isle of Man = 3, southwest Wales = 4, southeast Wales = 2). Thirteen faunal skeletons from St Patrick's Chapel (southwest Wales) were sampled for carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotope analysis. Results Human δ13C values range from −19.4‰ to −21.2‰ (δ13C mean=−20.4 ±0.4‰, 1σ, n = 86), and δ15N values range from 9.1‰ to 13.8‰ (δ15N mean = 10.8 ± 0.9‰, 1σ, n = 86). δ34S values range from 1.2‰ to 18.4‰ (δ34S mean = 11.6 ± 4.5‰, 1σ, n = 66). Significant differences were noted between the mean δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values according to geographic region: Isle of Man (δ13C = −20.7 ± 0.4‰, δ15N = 11.4 ±0.6‰, n = 13/86; δ34S mean = 17.1 ±0.6, n = 4/66), southwest Wales (δ13C = −20.5 ± 0.4‰, δ15N = 11.0 ±1‰, n = 32/86; δ34S = 16.1 ± 2.1, n = 21/66), and southeast Wales (δ13C =−20.3 ±0.4‰, δ15N = 10.4 ±0.7‰, n = 41/86; δ34S= 8.8 ±3‰, n = 41/66). Faunal δ13C values range from −23.1‰ to −21.2‰ (δ13C mean= −22.1 ±0.5‰, 1σ, n = 13), and δ15N values range from 6.3‰ to 9.8‰ (δ15N mean = 7.3 ± 1.1‰, 1σ, n = 13). δ34S values range from 4.7‰ to 18.4‰ (δ34S mean= 16.3 ± 3.6‰, 1σ, n = 13). Conclusions The data reveal a reliance on terrestrial protein, however differences are observed between the resource consumption of populations from southwest Wales and the Isle of Man in comparison to the populations from southeast Wales. Populations from the west coast have a marine sulphur signature that reflects their coastal proximity and may also include a reliance on seaweed as a fertiliser/food source. Populations in the southeast were connected to ecclesiastical centres and high‐status settlements and had access to inland‐grown produce. The data add support to the suggestion that δ34S can be used as a mobility indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Hemer
- Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, S1 4ET, United Kingdom
| | - Angela L Lamb
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A Chenery
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Evans
- NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
13C and 15N natural isotope abundance reflects breast cancer cell metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34251. [PMID: 27678172 PMCID: PMC5039687 DOI: 10.1038/srep34251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite the information provided by anatomopathological assessment and molecular markers (such as receptor expression ER, PR, HER2), breast cancer therapies and prognostics depend on the metabolic properties of tumor cells. However, metabolomics have not provided a robust and congruent biomarker yet, likely because individual metabolite contents are insufficient to encapsulate all of the alterations in metabolic fluxes. Here, we took advantage of natural 13C and 15N isotope abundance to show there are isotopic differences between healthy and cancer biopsy tissues or between healthy and malignant cultured cell lines. Isotope mass balance further suggests that these differences are mostly related to lipid metabolism, anaplerosis and urea cycle, three pathways known to be impacted in malignant cells. Our results demonstrate that the isotope signature is a good descriptor of metabolism since it integrates modifications in C partitioning and N excretion altogether. Our present study is thus a starting point to possible clinical applications such as patient screening and biopsy characterization in every cancer that is associated with metabolic changes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Romek KM, Remaud GS, Silvestre V, Paneth P, Robins RJ. Non-statistical 13C Fractionation Distinguishes Co-incident and Divergent Steps in the Biosynthesis of the Alkaloids Nicotine and Tropine. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16620-9. [PMID: 27288405 PMCID: PMC4974377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the biosynthesis of natural products, isotopic fractionation occurs due to the selectivity of enzymes for the heavier or lighter isotopomers. As only some of the positions in the molecule are implicated in a given reaction mechanism, position-specific fractionation occurs, leading to a non-statistical distribution of isotopes. This can be accessed by isotope ratio monitoring (13)C NMR spectrometry. The solanaceous alkaloids S-(-)-nicotine and hyoscyamine (atropine) are related in having a common intermediate, but downstream enzymatic steps diverge, providing a relevant test case to: (a) elucidate the isotopic affiliation between carbon atoms in the alkaloids and those in the precursors; (b) obtain information about the kinetic isotope effects of as yet undescribed enzymes, thus to make predictions as to their possible mechanism(s). We show that the position-specific (13)C/(12)C ratios in the different moieties of these compounds can satisfactorily be related to their known precursors and to the known kinetic isotope effects of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis, or to similar reaction mechanisms. Thus, the pathway to the common intermediate, N-methyl-Δ(1)-pyrrolinium, is seen to introduce similar isotope distribution patterns in the two alkaloids independent of plant species, whereas the remaining atoms of each target compound, which are of different origins, reflect their specific metabolic ancestry. We further demonstrate that the measured (13)C distribution pattern can be used to deduce aspects of the reaction mechanism of enzymes still to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Romek
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łodź University of Technology, ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| | - Piotr Paneth
- the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Łodź University of Technology, ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard J Robins
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling, CNRS-University of Nantes UMR6230, F-44322 Nantes, France and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bacher A, Chen F, Eisenreich W. Decoding Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants by Pulse-Chase Strategies Using (13)CO₂ as a Universal Tracer †. Metabolites 2016; 6:E21. [PMID: 27429012 PMCID: PMC5041120 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
(13)CO₂ pulse-chase experiments monitored by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry can provide (13)C-isotopologue compositions in biosynthetic products. Experiments with a variety of plant species have documented that the isotopologue profiles generated with (13)CO₂ pulse-chase labeling are directly comparable to those that can be generated by the application of [U-(13)C₆]glucose to aseptically growing plants. However, the application of the (13)CO₂ labeling technology is not subject to the experimental limitations that one has to take into account for experiments with [U-(13)C₆]glucose and can be applied to plants growing under physiological conditions, even in the field. In practical terms, the results of biosynthetic studies with (13)CO₂ consist of the detection of pairs, triples and occasionally quadruples of (13)C atoms that have been jointly contributed to the target metabolite, at an abundance that is well above the stochastic occurrence of such multiples. Notably, the connectivities of jointly transferred (13)C multiples can have undergone modification by skeletal rearrangements that can be diagnosed from the isotopologue data. As shown by the examples presented in this review article, the approach turns out to be powerful in decoding the carbon topology of even complex biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelbert Bacher
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Fan Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lynch AH, Kruger NJ, Hedges REM, McCullagh JSO. Variability in the carbon isotope composition of individual amino acids in plant proteins from different sources: 1 Leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:27-34. [PMID: 26948983 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The natural carbon isotope composition of individual amino acids from plant leaf proteins has been measured to establish potential sources of variability. The plant leaves studied, taken from a range of plant groups (forbs, trees, grasses, and freshwater aquatic plants), showed no significant influence of either season or environment (water and light availability) on their Δδ(13)C values. Plant groups did, however, differ in carbon isotope composition, although no consistent differences were identified at the species level. A discriminant analysis model was constructed which allowed leaves from (1) nettles, (2) Pooideae, (3) other Poales, (4) trees and (5) freshwater higher plants to be distinguished from each other on the basis of their natural abundance (13)C/(12)C ratios of individual amino acids. Differences in carbon isotope composition are known to be retained, to some extent, in the tissues of their consumers, and hence an understanding of compound-specific variation in (13)C/(12)C fractional abundance in plants has the potential to provide dietary insights of value in archaeological and ecological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Lynch
- Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nicholas J Kruger
- Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Robert E M Hedges
- Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lehmann MM, Fischer M, Blees J, Zech M, Siegwolf RTW, Saurer M. A novel methylation derivatization method for δ(18)O analysis of individual carbohydrates by gas chromatography/pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:221-229. [PMID: 26661989 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The oxygen isotope ratio (δ(18)O) of carbohydrates derived from animals, plants, sediments, and soils provides important information about biochemical and physiological processes, past environmental conditions, and geographical origins, which are otherwise not available. Nowadays, δ(18)O analyses are often performed on carbohydrate bulk material, while compound-specific δ(18)O analyses remain challenging and methods for a wide range of individual carbohydrates are rare. METHODS To improve the δ(18)O analysis of individual carbohydrates by gas chromatography/pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/Pyr-IRMS) we developed a new methylation derivatization method. Carbohydrates were fully methylated within 24 h in an easy-to-handle one-pot reaction in acetonitrile, using silver oxide as proton acceptor, methyl iodide as methyl group carrier, and dimethyl sulfide as catalyst. RESULTS The precision of the method ranged between 0.12 and 1.09‰ for the δ(18)O values of various individual carbohydrates of different classes (mono-, di-, and trisaccharides, alditols), with an accuracy of a similar order of magnitude, despite high variation in peak areas. Based on the δ(18)O values of the main isomers, important monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose could also be precisely analyzed for the first time. We tested the method on standard mixtures, honey samples, and leaf carbohydrates extracted from Pinus sylvestris, showing that the method is also applicable to different carbohydrate mixtures. CONCLUSIONS The new methylation method shows unrivalled accuracy and precision for δ(18)O analysis of various individual carbohydrates; it is fast and easy-to-handle, and may therefore find wide-spread application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fischer
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Materials Science, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Blees
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zech
- Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The interaction of biotic and abiotic factors at multiple spatial scales affects the variability of CO2 fluxes in polar environments. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
38
|
Multi-element, multi-compound isotope profiling as a means to distinguish the geographical and varietal origin of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans. Food Chem 2015; 188:576-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Global redox cycle of biospheric carbon: Interaction of photosynthesis and earth crust processes. Biosystems 2015; 137:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Greule M, Rossmann A, Schmidt HL, Mosandl A, Keppler F. A stable isotope approach to assessing water loss in fruits and vegetables during storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1974-1981. [PMID: 25674668 DOI: 10.1021/jf505192p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue water is the source of oxygen and hydrogen in organic biomatter. Recently, we demonstrated that the stable hydrogen isotope value (δ(2)H) of plant methoxyl groups is a very reliable and easily available archive for the δ(2)H value of this tissue water. Here we show in a model experiment that the δ(2)H values of methoxyl groups remain unchanged after water loss during storage of fruits and vegetables under controlled conditions, while δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of tissue water increase. This enhancement is plant-dependent, and the correlation differs from the meteoric water line. The δ(18)O value is better correlated to the weight decrease of the samples. Therefore, we postulate that the δ(2)H value of methoxyl groups and the δ(18)O value of tissue water are suitable parameters for checking postharvest alterations of tissue water, either addition or loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greule
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234-236, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Werner RA, Roßmann A, Gleixner G, Lehn C, Metges CC, Schnyder H. Special Issue dedicated to Professor Hanns-Ludwig Schmidt on the occasion of his 85th birthday. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2015; 51:1-6. [PMID: 25894428 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1016022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland A Werner
- a Institute of Agricultural Sciences , ETH Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|