1
|
Das Gupta K, Curson JEB, Tarique AA, Kapetanovic R, Schembri MA, Fantino E, Sly PD, Sweet MJ. CFTR is required for zinc-mediated antibacterial defense in human macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315190121. [PMID: 38363865 PMCID: PMC10895263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315190121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion transporter required for epithelial homeostasis in the lung and other organs, with CFTR mutations leading to the autosomal recessive genetic disease CF. Apart from excessive mucus accumulation and dysregulated inflammation in the airways, people with CF (pwCF) exhibit defective innate immune responses and are susceptible to bacterial respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we investigated the role of CFTR in macrophage antimicrobial responses, including the zinc toxicity response that is used by these innate immune cells against intracellular bacteria. Using both pharmacological approaches, as well as cells derived from pwCF, we show that CFTR is required for uptake and clearance of pathogenic Escherichia coli by CSF-1-derived primary human macrophages. CFTR was also required for E. coli-induced zinc accumulation and zinc vesicle formation in these cells, and E. coli residing in macrophages exhibited reduced zinc stress in the absence of CFTR function. Accordingly, CFTR was essential for reducing the intramacrophage survival of a zinc-sensitive E. coli mutant compared to wild-type E. coli. Ectopic expression of the zinc transporter SLC30A1 or treatment with exogenous zinc was sufficient to restore antimicrobial responses against E. coli in human macrophages. Zinc supplementation also restored bacterial killing in GM-CSF-derived primary human macrophages responding to P. aeruginosa, used as an in vitro macrophage model relevant to CF. Thus, restoration of the zinc toxicity response could be pursued as a therapeutic strategy to restore innate immune function and effective host defense in pwCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - James E. B. Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Abdullah A. Tarique
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, BS4058, Switzerland
- Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly37380, France
| | - Mark A. Schembri
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4101, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yousof S, Erfan H, Shehata S, Hosny M, El-Sayed K. Assessment of the potential cerebellar toxicity of gold nanoparticles on the structure and function of adult male albino rats. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222255. [PMID: 37527500 PMCID: PMC10472208 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regular use of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) may increase the likelihood of human exposure to these nanoparticles (NPs) and raises concerns about toxicity. AIM This study investigated the short-term impact of exposure to Au-NPs on inducing cerebellar pathology in rats, and whether the dose or duration of exposure was more important. METHODOLOGY The study used two concentrations of Au-NPs (25 and 50 particles per million) and 18 rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Assessments of the animals were done via behavioral, gene expression, histological, and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Both concentrations of Au-NPs caused cerebellar pathology, as assessed through the investigation test battery. The Au-NPs50 group displayed more injury and decreased mobility compared with the control and the Au-NPs25 group. The Au-NPs25 group showed an increase in supported rearing and significant up-regulation of the Rgc32 gene compared with the control. The Trkb gene was insignificantly up-regulated in both Au-NPs groups compared with the control. CONCLUSION The study indicates that exposure to Au-NPs can cause cerebellar pathology in rats and that the toxicity is more dependent on dose than the duration of exposure. These findings have significant implications for the safe use of Au-NPs in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Horeya Erfan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Hosny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo EY, Kim YS, Lee YJ, Hur MH. Virtual Reality Exercise Program Effects on Body Mass Index, Depression, Exercise Fun and Exercise Immersion in Overweight Middle-Aged Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:900. [PMID: 36673656 PMCID: PMC9859405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study explored the effects of a virtual reality exercise program on overweight middle-aged women. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included women 40−65 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) of 23 kg/m2 or more living in Daejeon City. The virtual reality environment was set up by attaching an IoT sensor to an indoor bicycle and linking it with a smartphone, enabling exercise in an immersive virtual reality through a head-mounted display. Results: In the virtual reality exercise group, the BMI was significantly decreased after the 8-week intervention compared with the baseline value (F = 59.491, p < 0.001). The depression scores were significantly different among the three groups, with the intervention effect being more significant in the virtual reality exercise group than in the indoor bicycle exercise and control groups (F = 3.462, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the levels of exercise fun (F = 12.373, p < 0.001) and exercise immersion (F = 14.629, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the virtual reality exercise group than in the indoor bicycle exercise and control groups. Conclusions: The virtual reality exercise program positively affected the BMI and the levels of depression, exercise fun, and exercise immersion in overweight middle-aged women. It is an effective home exercise program for obesity management in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Nursing, Gyeongbuk College of Health, Gimcheon 39525, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Suk Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung Cheong University, Cheongju 28171, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haeng Hur
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 11759, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fadia B, Mokhtari-Soulimane N, Meriem B, Wacila N, Zouleykha B, Karima R, Soulimane T, Tofail SAM, Townley H, Thorat ND. Histological Injury to Rat Brain, Liver, and Kidneys by Gold Nanoparticles is Dose-Dependent. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20656-20665. [PMID: 35755394 PMCID: PMC9219072 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) possess various interesting plasmonic properties that can provide a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities for biomedical applications. Compared to other inorganic metal nanoparticles (NPs), GNPs are less toxic and more biocompatible. However, the in vivo toxicity of gold nanoparticles on humans can be significant due to the size effect. This work aims to study the effect of multiple doses of small-size (≈20 nm) GNPs on the vital organs of Wistar rats. The study includes the oxidative stress in vital organs (liver, brain, and kidney) caused by GNPs and histopathology analysis. The rats were given a single caudal injection of NPs dispersed in PBS at 25, 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg of body weight. After sacrifice, both plasma and organs were collected for the determination of oxidant/antioxidant markers and histological studies. Our data show the high sensitivity of oxidative stress parameters to the GNPs in the brain, liver, and kidneys. However, the response to this stress is different between the organs and depends upon the antioxidant defense, where GSH levels control the MDA and PCO levels. Histological alterations are mild at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg but significant at higher concentrations of 250 mg/kg. Therefore, histological impairments are shown to be dependent on the dose of GNPs. The results contribute to the understanding of oxidative stress and cellular interaction induced by nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekhti
Sari Fadia
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Nassima Mokhtari-Soulimane
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Bensalah Meriem
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Nacer Wacila
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Badi Zouleykha
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Rouigueb Karima
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department
of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Modelling
Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of
Chemical Engineering, and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Syed A. M. Tofail
- Modelling
Simulation and Innovative Characterisation (MOSAIC), Department of
Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Helen Townley
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K.
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Medical Sciences Division, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K.
- Faculty
of Engineering and Sciences, MIT Art, Design
and Technology University, Pune 412201, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Li P, Li K, Zhang N, Han J, Gao S, Wang X, Geng C, Yang W, Zhang L, Bai Z. Associations of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Mass and Constituents with Systemic Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Older Adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7244-7255. [PMID: 35148063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases induced by exposure to fine particles (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]). However, little is known about the effects of chemical constituents of PM2.5 on systemic inflammation. In this cross-sectional study, filter samples of personal exposure to PM2.5 were collected from community-dwelling older adults in Tianjin, China, and the chemical constituents of PM2.5 were analyzed. Blood samples were collected immediately after the PM2.5 sample collection. Seventeen cytokines were measured as targets. A linear regression model was applied to estimate the relative effects of PM2.5 and its chemical constituents on the measured cytokines. A positive matrix factorization model was employed to distinguish the sources of PM2.5. The calculated source contributions were used to estimate their effects on cytokines. After adjusting for other covariates, higher PM2.5-bound copper was significantly associated with increased levels of interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL10, and IL17 levels. Source analysis showed that an increase in PM2.5 concentration that originated from tire/brake wear and cooking emissions was significantly associated with enhanced levels of IL1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and IL17. In summary, personal exposure to some PM2.5 constituents and specific sources could increase systemic inflammation in older adults. These findings may explain the cardiopulmonary effects of specific particulate chemical constituents of urban air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Kangwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne 69626, France
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jinbao Han
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vincent R, Kumarathasan P, Goegan P, Bjarnason SG, Guénette J, Karthikeyan S, Thomson EM, Adamson IY, Watkinson WP, Battistini B, Miller FJ. Acute cardiovascular effects of inhaled ambient particulate matter: Chemical composition-related oxidative stress, endothelin-1, blood pressure, and ST-segment changes in Wistar rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133933. [PMID: 35157883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Short-term increases in particulate matter (PM) are associated with heightened morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes. Inhalation of PM is known to increase endothelin (ET)-1 levels. Yet, less is known about particle composition-related changes at the molecular level including the endothelinergic system and relationship with cardiovascular function changes. In this work, adult Wistar male rats were exposed for 4 h by nose-only inhalation to clean air, Ottawa urban particles (EHC-93, 48 mg/m3) and water-leached (EHC-93L, 49 mg/m3) particles, to examine the effect of particle compositional changes on oxidative stress, circulating ETs, blood pressure, and heart electrophysiology. Particle deposition in the respiratory compartment was estimated at 85 μg (25 ng/cm2). Lung cell proliferation was low in both treatment groups, indicating absence of acute injury. Inhalation of EHC-93 caused statistically significant elevations (p < 0.05) of oxidative stress markers, ET-1, ET-3, blood pressure, and a decrease of ST-segment duration in the ECG at 1.5 days post-exposure. Leached particles (EHC-93L) caused rapid but transient elevation (p < 0.05) of oxidative stress, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 at earlier time points, with no changes in blood pressure or ST-segment. These results demonstrate that inhalation of urban particles at an internal dose inadequate to cause acute lung injury can induce oxidative stress, enhance vasoactive endothelins, leading to vasopressor response, affecting cardiac electrophysiology in Wistar rats, consistent with the cardiovascular impacts of ambient particles in human populations. Change in particle potency after removal of soluble species, notably cadmium, zinc and polar organics suggests that the toxicodynamics of cardiovascular effects can be modified by physicochemical properties of particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Goegan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephen G Bjarnason
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Josée Guénette
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ian Y Adamson
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | | | - Frederick J Miller
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Ali MK, Dua K, Xu R. The Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Lung Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102115. [PMID: 35631256 PMCID: PMC9143957 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. They contribute to substantial economic burdens on society and individuals. Currently, only a few treatments are available to slow the development and progression of these diseases. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need to develop effective therapies to improve quality of life and limit healthcare costs. An increasing body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that altered zinc and its regulatory protein levels in the systemic circulation and in the lungs are associated with these disease’s development and progression. Zinc plays a crucial role in human enzyme activity, making it an essential trace element. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc involves a wide range of biological processes, such as gene transcription, translation, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production in both health and disease. Zinc has gained considerable interest in these lung diseases because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune, and metabolic modulatory properties. Here we highlight the role and mechanisms of zinc in the pathogenesis of asthma, COPD, CF, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-4025-8514
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian S, Li K, Møller P, Ying SC, Wang L, Li Z, Roursgaard M, Liang T. Assessment of reactive oxygen species production and genotoxicity of rare earth mining dust: Implications for public health and mining management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139759. [PMID: 32569908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining rare earth elements (REEs) can release large amounts of metal(loid)-rich dust, which can pose significant health risks to local residents. However, compared to other types of particulates, toxicity of mining dust has been largely overlooked. To provide experimental evidence on toxicity of REE mine dust, the study assessed the oxidative stress potential and genotoxicity of inhalable particles collected in a REE mining area, and associated toxicological response with source compositions. Both source types (i.e., mine and tailing area) and distances from source (i.e., industrial and residential areas) were considered when selecting the 44 sampling sites. The particle samples contained 2.3-3.5 folds higher concentrations of tested metal(loid)s than background concentrations in soil. Specially, elevated Fe, REEs, Cd, Pb were found. In spite of low cytotoxicity in lung epithelial A549 cells, there was increased cellular ROS production by of particle exposure. Samples with higher mining-originated source contributions (Provenance Index <0.3) had higher cellular ROS production (1.72 fold, 95%CI: 1.66-1.79 fold) than samples with lower mining contributions (1.58 fold, 95%CI: 1.52-1.65 fold). The factors soil (~46%), mine (~22%), and heavy metal (~20%) sources were recognized by source apportionment analysis as the main contributors to cellular ROS production; importantly, mine and heavy metal sources counted more in industrial samples. While samples generated genotoxicity, there were no differences in DNA damage between the location groups of sampling. Collectively, the results indicate that particles in mining areas may cause ROS production and DNA damage in lung cells depending on mine dust. Coupled with the long-range transportation potential of mine dust, safety measures on open pit and dust disposal sites should be adopted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong G, Jee YK. Special issue on ultrafine particles: where are they from and how do they affect us? Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:309-310. [PMID: 32203099 PMCID: PMC7156368 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Goohyeon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Koo Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Loxham M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Health effects of particulate matter air pollution in underground railway systems - a critical review of the evidence. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 30841934 PMCID: PMC6404319 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient airborne particulate matter is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity, associated with asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and more recently type 2 diabetes, dementia and loss of cognitive function. Less is understood about differential effects of particulate matter from different sources. Underground railways are used by millions of people on a daily basis in many cities. Poor air exchange with the outside environment means that underground railways often have an unusually high concentration of airborne particulate matter, while a high degree of railway-associated mechanical activity produces particulate matter which is physicochemically highly distinct from ambient particulate matter. The implications of this for the health of exposed commuters and employees is unclear. MAIN BODY A literature search found 27 publications directly assessing the potential health effects of underground particulate matter, including in vivo exposure studies, in vitro toxicology studies, and studies of particulate matter which might be similar to that found in underground railways. The methodology, findings, and conclusions of these studies were reviewed in depth, along with further publications directly relevant to the initial search results. In vitro studies suggest that underground particulate matter may be more toxic than exposure to ambient/urban particulate matter, especially in terms of endpoints related to reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress. This appears to be predominantly a result of the metal-rich nature of underground particulate matter, which is suggestive of increased health risks. However, while there are measureable effects on a variety of endpoints following exposure in vivo, there is a lack of evidence for these effects being clinically significant as may be implied by the in vitro evidence. CONCLUSION There is little direct evidence that underground railway particulate matter exposure is more harmful than ambient particulate matter exposure. This may be due to disparities between in vivo exposures and in vitro models, and differences in exposure doses, as well as statistical under powering of in vivo studies of chronic exposure. Future research should focus on outcomes of chronic in vivo exposure, as well as further work to understand mechanisms and potential biomarkers of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Loxham
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Mailpoint 888, Level F, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Southampton Marine and Maritime Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brehmer C, Lai A, Clark S, Shan M, Ni K, Ezzati M, Yang X, Baumgartner J, Schauer JJ, Carter E. The Oxidative Potential of Personal and Household PM 2.5 in a Rural Setting in Southwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2788-2798. [PMID: 30696246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) vary by source and capacity to participate in redox reactions in the body, which produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knowledge of the sources and components of PM2.5 may provide insight into the adverse health effects associated with the inhalation of PM2.5 mass. We collected 48 h household and personal PM2.5 exposure measurements in the summer months among 50 women/household pairs in a rural area of southwestern China where daily household biomass burning is common. PM2.5 mass was analyzed for ions, trace metals, black carbon, and water-soluble organic matter, as well as ROS-generating capability (oxidative potential) by one cellular and one acellular assay. Crustal enrichment factors and a principal component analysis identified the major sources of PM2.5 as dust, biomass burning, and secondary sulfate. Elements associated with the secondary sulfate source (As, Mo, Zn) had the strongest correlation with increased cellular oxidative potential (Spearman r: 0.74, 0.68, and 0.64). Chemical markers of biomass burning (water-soluble potassium and water-soluble organic matter) had negligible oxidative potential, suggesting that these assays may not be useful as health-relevant exposure metrics in populations that are exposed to high levels of smoke from household biomass burning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin Brehmer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Alexandra Lai
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sierra Clark
- Institute for Health and Social Policy and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Building Science , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Kun Ni
- Department of Building Science , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Majid Ezzati
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatics, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Imperial College London , London W2 1PG , U.K
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Building Science , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 1A3 , Canada
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53718 , United States
| | - Ellison Carter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu S, Yang D, Pan L, Shan J, Li H, Wei H, Wang B, Huang J, Baccarelli AA, Shima M, Deng F, Guo X. Chemical constituents and sources of ambient particulate air pollution and biomarkers of endothelial function in a panel of healthy adults in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 560-561:141-149. [PMID: 27101449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with endothelial dysfunction as reflected by short-term alterations in circulating biomarkers, but the chemical constituents and pollution sources behind the association has been unclear. METHODS We investigated the associations between various ambient air pollutants including gases and 31 chemical constituents and seven sources of fine particles (PM2.5) and biomarkers of endothelial function, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), based on 462 repeated measurements in a panel of 40 college students who were followed for three study periods before and after relocating from a suburban area to an urban area in Beijing, China in 2010-2011. Air pollution data were obtained from central air-monitoring stations. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the changes in biomarkers associated with exposures. RESULTS Total PM2.5 mass showed few appreciable associations with examined biomarkers. However, several PM2.5 constituents and related sources showed significant associations with examined biomarkers. PM2.5 from dust/soil and several crustal and transition metals, including strontium, iron, titanium, cobalt and magnesium, were significantly associated with increases in ET-1 at 1-day average; manganese and potassium were significantly associated with increases in ICAM-1 at 2-day average; and PM2.5 from industry and metal cadmium were significantly associated with decreases in VCAM-1 at 1-day average. In addition, carbon monoxide was significantly associated with increasing ICAM-1 at 1-day and 2-day averages, whereas nitric oxide was significantly associated with decreasing ICAM-1 at 1-day and 3-day averages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that certain PM2.5 metal constituents were more closely associated with circulating biomarkers of endothelial function than PM2.5, and therefore highlight the research necessity to examine pollution chemical constituents in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Shan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Låg M, Øvrevik J, Totlandsdal AI, Lilleaas EM, Thormodsæter A, Holme JA, Schwarze PE, Refsnes M. Air pollution-related metals induce differential cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:53-65. [PMID: 27427241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different transition metals have been shown to induce inflammatory responses in lung. We have compared eight different metal ions with regard to cytokine responses, cytotoxicity and signalling mechanisms in a human lung epithelial cell model (BEAS-2B). Among the metal ions tested, there were large differences with respect to pro-inflammatory potential. Exposure to Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) induced CXCL8 and IL-6 release at concentrations below 100μM, and Mn(2+) and Ni(2+) at concentrations above 200μM. In contrast, VO4(3-), Cu(2+) and Fe(2+) did not induce any significant increase of these cytokines. An expression array of 20 inflammatory relevant genes also showed a marked up-regulation of CXCL10, IL-10, IL-13 and CSF2 by one or more of the metal ions. The most potent metals, Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) induced highest levels of oxidative activity, and ROS appeared to be central in their CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Activation of the MAPK p38 seemed to be a critical mediator. However, the NF-κB pathway appeared predominately to be involved only in Zn(2+)- and As(3+)-induced CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Thus, the most potent metals Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) seemed to induce a similar pattern for the cytokine responses, and with some exceptions, via similar signalling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Låg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Øvrevik
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - A I Totlandsdal
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - E M Lilleaas
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Thormodsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - J A Holme
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - P E Schwarze
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Refsnes
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu S, Wang B, Yang D, Wei H, Li H, Pan L, Huang J, Wang X, Qin Y, Zheng C, Shima M, Deng F, Guo X. Ambient particulate air pollution and circulating antioxidant enzymes: A repeated-measure study in healthy adults in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:16-24. [PMID: 26074023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The association of systemic antioxidant activity with ambient air pollution has been unclear. A panel of 40 healthy college students underwent repeated blood collection for 12 occasions under three exposure scenarios before and after relocating from a suburban area to an urban area in Beijing, China in 2010-2011. We measured various air pollutants including fine particles (PM2.5) and determined circulating levels of antioxidant enzymes extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in the laboratory. An interquartile range increase of 63.4 μg/m(3) at 3-d PM2.5 moving average was associated with a 6.3% (95% CI: 0.6, 12.4) increase in EC-SOD and a 5.5% (95% CI: 1.3, 9.8) increase in GPX1. Several PM2.5 chemical constituents, including negative ions (nitrate and chloride) and metals (e.g., iron and strontium), were consistently associated with increases in EC-SOD and GPX1. Our results support activation of circulating antioxidant enzymes following exposure to particulate air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu S, Yang D, Wei H, Wang B, Huang J, Li H, Shima M, Deng F, Guo X. Association of chemical constituents and pollution sources of ambient fine particulate air pollution and biomarkers of oxidative stress associated with atherosclerosis: A panel study among young adults in Beijing, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:347-353. [PMID: 25981523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate air pollution has been associated with increased oxidative stress and atherosclerosis, but the chemical constituents and pollution sources behind the association are unclear. We investigated the associations of various chemical constituents and pollution sources of ambient fine particles (PM2.5) with biomarkers of oxidative stress in a panel of 40 healthy university students. Study participants underwent repeated blood collections for 12 times before and after relocating from a suburban campus to an urban campus with high air pollution levels in Beijing, China. Air pollution data were obtained from central air-monitoring stations, and plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and soluble CD36 (sCD36) were determined in the laboratory (n=464). Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the changes in biomarkers in association with exposure variables. PM2.5 iron and nickel were positively associated with Ox-LDL (p<0.05). For each interquartile range increase in iron (1-day, 0.51 μg/m(3)) and nickel (2-day, 2.5 ng/m(3)), there were a 1.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 3.7%] increase and a 1.8% (95% CI: 0.2%, 3.4%) increase in Ox-LDL, respectively. We also found that each interquartile range increase in calcium (1-day, 0.7 μg/m(3)) was associated with a 4.8% (95% CI: 0.7%, 9.1%) increase in sCD36. Among the pollution sources, PM2.5 from traffic emissions and coal combustion were suggestively and positively associated with Ox-LDL. Our findings suggest that a subset of metals in airborne particles may be the major air pollution components that contribute to the increased oxidative stress associated with atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive & Child Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
El-Drieny EAEA, Sarhan NI, Bayomy NA, Elmajied Elsherbeni SA, Momtaz R, Mohamed HED. Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of gold nanoparticles on the brain of adult male albino rat. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3:181-190. [PMID: 30023198 PMCID: PMC6014274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have numerous medical applications as in biological imaging, cancer treatment and in implants (pacemakers and stents). Many conflicting results about GNPs safety and its accumulation in liver, kidney and brain were recorded. This work was carried out to study the histological effect of long period exposure to gold nanoparticle on the brain of adult male albino rat. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into two equal groups: The first one served as a control group and the second one received 400 μg/kg/day GNPs by gastric tube once daily for eight weeks. Brain specimens were collected at the end of the experiment for histological and immunohistochemical studies using caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GNPs treated group revealed wide spread histological alterations and deposition of gold nanoparticle aggregates in the neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus and also in the epithelium of choroid plexus with hyalinization of the wall of some blood vessels and disruption of the capillaries. All these changes were associated with localized positive caspase 3 reaction. Various degrees of astrogliosis were evidenced by astrocytic proliferation and increase size of their cell body with increase number and length of their processes. It could be concluded that repeated exposure of adult male albino rats to gold nanoparticles induced its deposition in the brain in association with histological alterations and various degrees of astrogliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Said Abd Elmajied Elsherbeni
- Medical Applications of Lasers (MAL) Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rania Momtaz
- Medical Applications of Lasers (MAL) Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hossam El-Din Mohamed
- Medical Applications of Lasers (MAL) Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McGee MA, Kamal AS, McGee JK, Wood CE, Dye JA, Krantz QT, Landis MS, Gilmour MI, Gavett SH. Differential effects of particulate matter upwind and downwind of an urban freeway in an allergic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3930-3939. [PMID: 25710269 DOI: 10.1021/es506048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Near-road exposure to air pollutants has been associated with decreased lung function and other adverse health effects in susceptible populations. This study was designed to investigate whether different types of near-road particulate matter (PM) contribute to exacerbation of allergic asthma. Samples of upwind and downwind coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM were collected using a wind direction-actuated ChemVol sampler at a single site 100 m from Interstate-96 in Detroit, MI during winter 2010/2011. Upwind PM was enriched in crustal and wood combustion sources while downwind PM was dominated by traffic sources. Control and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/cJ mice were exposed via oropharyngeal (OP) aspiration to 20 or 100 μg of each PM sample 2 h prior to OP challenge with OVA. In OVA-allergic mice, 100 μg of downwind coarse PM caused greater increases than downwind fine/ultrafine PM in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, eosinophils, and lactate dehydrogenase. Upwind fine PM (100 μg) produced greater increases in neutrophils and eosinophils compared to other upwind size fractions. Cytokine (IL-5) levels in BAL fluid also increased markedly following 100 μg downwind coarse and downwind ultrafine PM exposures. These findings indicate coarse PM downwind and fine PM upwind of an interstate highway promote inflammation in allergic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A McGee
- †Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ali S Kamal
- ‡Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - John K McGee
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Charles E Wood
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Janice A Dye
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Q Todd Krantz
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Matthew S Landis
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- §National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim TH, Shin SW, Park JS, Park CS. Genome wide identification and expression profile in epithelial cells exposed to TiO₂ particles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:293-300. [PMID: 24023007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental particles are believed to provoke airway inflammation in susceptible individuals by stimulating epithelial cells to release mediators that exacerbate lung diseases. Here, we sought to identify genes expressed throughout the genome by epithelial cells stimulated with TiO2 particles. A human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, was stimulated with or without 40 µg TiO2 for 2 h. RNA was purified from cells and subjected to microarray analysis. Genes exhibiting more than a twofold change in RNA expression were selected. Candidate genes were then analyzed using bioinformatics tools, including pathway, ontology, and network analyses. ITGAV mRNA expression levels were measured in BEAS-2B cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among 37,803 genes, 92 genes displayed more than a twofold change in mRNA levels according to the microarray analysis; 87 genes were upregulated while five genes were downregulated. The 92 genes were classified based on functional annotation using a protein information resource database search for biological processes and a pathway search using the KEGG pathway database. These genes are related to macromolecule biosynthesis, metabolic processes and, in particular, RNA metabolism. When genes with more than a threefold change were analyzed, KIF11, ITGAV, SEMA3C, IBTK, and DEK were selected as candidate genes induced by TiO2 -stimulated BEAS-2B cells. To validate these results, BEAS-2B cells stimulated with 40 µg TiO2 expressed threefold higher ITGAV mRNA levels compared to those without TiO2 particle stimulation. We conclude that KIF11, ITGAV, SEMA3C, IBTK, and DEK are candidate genes expressed by epithelial cells when stimulated with TiO2 particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-020, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang HJ, Kim SH, Jang AS, Kim SH, Song WJ, Kim TB, Ye YM, Yoo Y, Yu J, Yoon JS, Jee HM, Suh DI, Kim CW. Guideline for the prevention and management of particulate matter/yellow dust-induced adverse health effects on the patients with bronchial asthma. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2015. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2015.58.11.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Min Ye
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gauggel-Lewandowski S, Heussner AH, Steinberg P, Pieterse B, van der Burg B, Dietrich DR. Bioavailability and potential carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wood combustion particulate matter in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:411-22. [PMID: 23796820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing energy demand and limited fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have gained in importance. Particulate matter (PM) in general, but also PM from the combustion of wood is known to exert adverse health effects in human. These are often related to specific toxic compounds adsorbed to the PM surface, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), of which some are known human carcinogens. This study focused on the bioavailability of PAHs and on the tumor initiation potential of wood combustion PM, using the PAH CALUX® reporter gene assay and the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay, respectively. For this, both cell assays were exposed to PM and their respective organic extracts from varying degrees of combustion. The PAH CALUX® experiments demonstrated a concentration-response relationship matching the PAHs detected in the samples. Contrary to expectations, PM samples from complete (CC) and incomplete combustion (IC) provided for a stronger and weaker response, respectively, suggesting that PAH were more readily bioavailable in PM from CC. These findings were corroborated via PAH spiking experiments indicating that IC PM contains organic components that strongly adsorb PAH thereby reducing their bioavailability. The results obtained with organic extracts in the cell transformation assay presented the highest potential for carcinogenicity in samples with high PAH contents, albeit PM from CC also demonstrated a carcinogenic potential. In conclusion, the in vitro assays employed emphasize that CC produces PM with low PAH content however with a general higher bioavailability and thus with a nearly similar carcinogenic potential than IC PM.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jeong SH, Kim JH, Son BK, Hong SC, Kim SY, Lee GH, Lim DH. Comparison of air pollution and the prevalence of allergy-related diseases in Incheon and Jeju City. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2011; 54:501-6. [PMID: 22323906 PMCID: PMC3274656 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2011.54.12.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A high level of air pollutants can increase the number of patients with allergy-related diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). To analyze the association between air pollution and allergic disease, we investigated 2 areas in Korea: Incheon, an industrial area, and Jeju, a non-industrialized area. Methods Second grade students at elementary schools (11 schools in Incheon and 45 schools in Jeju) were examined in a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used and a skin prick test was performed. The levels of NO2, CO2, O3, particulate matter (PM) PM10/2.5, formaldehyde, tVOCs, and dust mites in the classrooms and grounds were determined. Results The levels of outdoor CO, PM10, and PM2.5 were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The levels of indoor CO, CO2, PM10, PM2.5 were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The prevalence rates of AR symptoms at any time, AR symptoms during the last 12 months, diagnosis of rhinitis at any time, and AR treatment during the last 12 months were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). The prevalence rate of wheezing or whistling at any time, and wheezing during the last 12 months were significantly higher in Incheon (P<0.01). Conclusion We found that the children living in Incheon, which was more polluted than Jeju, had a higher rate of AR and asthma symptoms compared to children in Jeju. To determine the effect of air pollution on the development of the AR and asthma, further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Ho Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Environmental-Health Center, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abdelhalim MAK. Gold nanoparticles administration induces disarray of heart muscle, hemorrhagic, chronic inflammatory cells infiltrated by small lymphocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolization and congested and dilated blood vessels. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:233. [PMID: 22151883 PMCID: PMC3278398 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant research efforts on cancer therapy, diagnostics and imaging, many challenges remain unsolved. There are many unknown details regarding the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) and biological systems. The structure and properties of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) make them useful for a wide array of biological applications. However, for the application of GNPs in therapy and drug delivery, knowledge regarding their bioaccumulation and associated local or systemic toxicity is necessary. Information on the biological fate of NPs, including distribution, accumulation, metabolism, and organ specific toxicity is still minimal. Studies specifically dealing with the toxicity of NPs are rare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal administration of GNPs on histological alterations of the heart tissue of rats in an attempt to identify and understand the toxicity and the potential role of GNPs as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool. Methods A total of 40 healthy male Wistar-Kyoto rats received 50 μl infusions of 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs for 3 or 7 days. Animals were randomly divided into groups: 6 GNP-treated rats groups and one control group (NG). Groups 1, 2 and 3 received infusions of 50 μl GNPs of size 10 nm (3 or 7 days), 20 nm (3 or 7 days) and 50 nm (3 or 7 days), respectively. Results In comparison with the respective control rats, exposure to GNPs doses produced heart muscle disarray with a few scattered chronic inflammatory cells infiltrated by small lymphocytes, foci of hemorrhage with extravasation of red blood cells, some scattered cytoplasmic vacuolization and congested and dilated blood vessels. None of the above alterations were observed in the heart muscle of any member of the control group. Conclusions The alterations induced by intraperitoneal administration of GNPs were size-dependent, with smaller ones inducing greater affects, and were also related to the time exposure to GNPs. These alterations may indicate scattered cytoplasmic vacuolization, which may induce the toxicity effect through an inability to deal with the accumulated residues resulting from metabolic and structural disturbances caused by these NPs. These histological alterations were more prominent with 10 nm size particles than with the larger ones. The interaction of GNPs with proteins and various cell types should be considered as part of the toxicological evaluation. Additional experiments related to plasma, tissues cytokine, antioxidant defense mechanism, lipid peroxidation, histomorphologcal and ultrastructure will be performed to identify and understand the toxicity and the potential use of GNPs as therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abdelhalim MAK. Exposure to gold nanoparticles produces cardiac tissue damage that depends on the size and duration of exposure. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:205. [PMID: 22073987 PMCID: PMC3278471 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current research focuses on cancer therapy, diagnostics and imaging, although many challenges still need to be solved. However, for the application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in therapy and diagnostics it is necessary to know the bioaccumulation and local or systemic toxicity associated to them. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal administration of GNPs on the histological alterations of the heart tissue of rats in an attempt to cover and understand the toxicity and the potential role of GNPs in the therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Methods Animals were randomly divided into 3 GNPs-treated rats groups and one control group (CG). The 10, 20 and 50 nm GNPs were administered intraperitonealy at the rate of 3 or 7 days as follows: Group 1: received infusion of 100 μl GNPs of size 10 nm for 3 or 7 days; Group 2: received infusion of 100 μl GNPs of size 20 nm for 3 or 7 days; Group 3: received infusion of 100 μl GNPs of size 50 nm for 3 or 7 days. Control group: received no GNPs. Results In comparison with the respective control rats, GNPs-treated rat received 100 μl of 10 and 20 nm particles for 3 days or 7 days demonstrating congested heart muscle with prominent dilated blood vessels, scattered and extravasations of red blood cells, focus of muscle hyalinosis, disturbed muscle fascicles, dense prominent focus of inflammatory cells infiltrate by small lymphocytes and few plasma cells while GNPs-treated rat received 100 μl of 50 nm particles for 3 or 7 days demonstrating benign normal looking heart muscle with normal muscle direction and fascicles, and very few scattered small lymphocytes. Conclusions The histological alterations induced by intraperitoneal administration of GNPs were size-dependent with smaller ones induced more affects and related with time exposure of GNPs. This study suggests that interaction of GNPs with proteins and various cell types might be evaluated as part of the toxicological assessment in addition to further experiments related to tissues antioxidant enzymes, oxidative parameters, lipid peroxidation, production of free radicals and/or ROS and cytokine, histomorphologcal and ultrastrucural will be performed to cover and understand the toxicity and the potential use of GNPs as therapeutic and diagnostic tool.
Collapse
|
25
|
Steenhof M, Gosens I, Strak M, Godri KJ, Hoek G, Cassee FR, Mudway IS, Kelly FJ, Harrison RM, Lebret E, Brunekreef B, Janssen NAH, Pieters RHH. In vitro toxicity of particulate matter (PM) collected at different sites in the Netherlands is associated with PM composition, size fraction and oxidative potential--the RAPTES project. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:26. [PMID: 21888644 PMCID: PMC3180259 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To what extent such effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations is still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient PM collected at different sites in the Netherlands in relation to PM composition and oxidative potential. Method PM was sampled at eight sites: three traffic sites, an underground train station, as well as a harbor, farm, steelworks, and urban background location. Coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (< 2.5 μm) and quasi ultrafine PM (qUF; < 0.18 μm) were sampled at each site. Murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) were exposed to increasing concentrations of PM from these sites (6.25-12.5-25-50-100 μg/ml; corresponding to 3.68-58.8 μg/cm2). Following overnight incubation, MTT-reduction activity (a measure of metabolic activity) and the release of pro-inflammatory markers (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF-α; Interleukin-6, IL-6; Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2, MIP-2) were measured. The oxidative potential and the endotoxin content of each PM sample were determined in a DTT- and LAL-assay respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the cellular responses and PM characteristics: concentration, site, size fraction, oxidative potential and endotoxin content. Results Most PM samples induced a concentration-dependent decrease in MTT-reduction activity and an increase in pro-inflammatory markers with the exception of the urban background and stop & go traffic samples. Fine and qUF samples of traffic locations, characterized by a high concentration of elemental and organic carbon, induced the highest pro-inflammatory activity. The pro-inflammatory response to coarse samples was associated with the endotoxin level, which was found to increase dramatically during a three-day sample concentration procedure in the laboratory. The underground samples, characterized by a high content of transition metals, showed the largest decrease in MTT-reduction activity. PM size fraction was not related to MTT-reduction activity, whereas there was a statistically significant difference in pro-inflammatory activity between Fine and qUF PM. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant negative association between PM oxidative potential and MTT-reduction activity. Conclusion The response of RAW264.7 cells to ambient PM was markedly different using samples collected at various sites in the Netherlands that differed in their local PM emission sources. Our results are in support of other investigations showing that the chemical composition as well as oxidative potential are determinants of PM induced toxicity in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Steenhof
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The current mini-review describes the toxic effects of zinc inhalation principally in the workplace and associated complications with breathing and respiration. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Criteria were used to specifically select articles. Most of the commercial production of zinc involves the galvanizing of iron and the manufacture of brass. The recommended daily allowance for adults is 15 mg zinc/day. Metal fume fever associated with inhalation of fumes of ZnO is characterized by fatigue, chills, fever, myalgias, cough, dyspnea, leukocytosis, thirst, metallic taste and salivation. ZnCl2 inhalation results in edema in the alveolar surface and the protein therein the lavage fluid is elevated. Particular pathological changes associated with zinc intoxication include: pale mucous membranes; jaundice; numerous Heinz bodies; and marked anemia. Adequate ambient air monitors for permissible exposure limits, excellent ventilation and extraction systems, and approved respirators are all important in providing adequate protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross G Cooper
- Division of Physiology, Birmingham City University, 704 Baker Building Franchise Street, Perry Barr, Birmingham B42 2SU, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu S, Deng F, Niu J, Huang Q, Liu Y, Guo X. Exposures to PM₂.₅ components and heart rate variability in taxi drivers around the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:2478-2485. [PMID: 21492904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonaceous and metallic components of particles have been shown to play a role in particles' effects on cardiac autonomic function as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Previously we reported the association of HRV with marked changes in traffic-related particulate air pollution around the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games in a panel of taxi drivers. OBJECTIVE We further investigated the relationship between exposures to the carbonaceous and metallic components of traffic-related particles and HRV in the same population. METHODS Repeated measurements of in-car exposures to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₂.₅), carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides were conducted in a group of 14 taxi drivers for one work shift in four study periods around the Beijing 2008 Olympics. The quantities of organic/elemental carbons and 27 elements of the in-car PM₂.₅ mass were determined laboratorially. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the impact of exposures to different PM₂.₅ components on HRV while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Taxi drivers' exposures to in-car PM₂.₅ and its components showed dramatic changes across the four study periods around the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Differences in associations of in-car PM₂.₅ components with HRV were found. An interquartile range (IQR: 917.9 ng/m³) increase in calcium was associated with a 5.48 millisecond [ms, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 10.24] increase in standard deviations of normal-to-normal (SDNN) intervals, while an IQR (4.1 ng/m³) increase in nickel was associated with a 1.53 ms (95% CI: 0.14, 2.92) increase in SDNN index. Additionally, a decline of 8.11 ms (95% CI: -15.26, -0.97) in SDNN per IQR (481.4 ng/m³) increase in iron was also found. CONCLUSION The results support associations of PM₂.₅ metallic components with HRV in younger healthy individuals. Future studies are needed to clarify the interaction among different PM₂.₅ components or the role of PM₂.₅ mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Particle-induced expression of SF20/IL25 is mediated by reactive oxygen species and NF-κB in alveolar macrophages. Mol Cell Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-010-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Manzo ND, Slade R, Richards JH, McGee JK, Martin LD, Dye JA. Susceptibility of inflamed alveolar and airway epithelial cells to injury induced by diesel exhaust particles of varying organic carbon content. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:565-580. [PMID: 20391136 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903566625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related ambient air pollution, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is associated with adverse health outcomes, especially in individuals with preexisting inflammatory respiratory diseases. Using an analogous novel in vitro system to model both the healthy and inflamed lung, the susceptibility of epithelial cells exposed to DEP of varying organic carbon content was studied. Murine LA-4 alveolar type II-like epithelial cells, as well as primary murine tracheal epithelial cells (MTE), were treated with exogenous cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] alpha + interleukin [IL]-1 beta + interferon [IFN] gamma) to model a mild inflammatory state. Epithelial cells were subsequently exposed to DEP of varying organic carbon content, and the resultant cytotoxic, cytoprotective, or antioxidant cell responses were inferred by changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, or glutathione levels, respectively. Data showed that exposure of healthy LA-4 cells to organic carbon-rich DEP (25 microg/cm(2); 24 h) induced adaptive cytoprotective/antioxidant responses with no apparent cell injury. In contrast, exposure of inflamed LA-4 cells resulted in oxidative stress culminating in significant cytotoxicity. Exposure of healthy MTE cells to organic carbon-rich DEP (20 microg/cm(2); 24 h) was seemingly without effect, whereas exposure of inflamed MTE cells resulted in increased epithelial solute permeability. Thus, surface lung epithelial cells stressed by a state of inflammation and then exposed to organic carbon-rich DEP appear unable to respond to the additional oxidative stress, resulting in epithelial barrier dysfunction and injury. Adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, like DEP, in patients with preexisting inflammatory respiratory diseases may be due, in part, to similar mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Manzo
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lau ATY, Chiu JF. Biomarkers of lung-related diseases: current knowledge by proteomic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:535-43. [PMID: 19681054 PMCID: PMC7166618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung epithelial surface is one of the vital barriers or sensors in the body responding to the external atmosphere and thereby always subjecting to direct toxicological exposure, stress, stimulus, or infection. Due to its relatively higher sensitivity in response to toxicants, the use of lung epithelial cell culture and lung tissue from animal models or patients has facilitated our learning to lung physiopathology and toxicopharmacology. The recent advancement of proteomics has made it possible to investigate the cellular response at a global level. In this review, the potential applications of proteomic approach in studying lung-related diseases and biomarker discovery will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy T Y Lau
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kocbach Bølling A, Pagels J, Yttri KE, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Schwarze PE, Boman C. Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physicochemical particle properties. Part Fibre Toxicol 2009; 6:29. [PMID: 19891791 PMCID: PMC2777846 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential wood combustion is now recognized as a major particle source in many developed countries, and the number of studies investigating the negative health effects associated with wood smoke exposure is currently increasing. The combustion appliances in use today provide highly variable combustion conditions resulting in large variations in the physicochemical characteristics of the emitted particles. These differences in physicochemical properties are likely to influence the biological effects induced by the wood smoke particles. OUTLINE The focus of this review is to discuss the present knowledge on physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles from different combustion conditions in relation to wood smoke-induced health effects. In addition, the human wood smoke exposure in developed countries is explored in order to identify the particle characteristics that are relevant for experimental studies of wood smoke-induced health effects. Finally, recent experimental studies regarding wood smoke exposure are discussed with respect to the applied combustion conditions and particle properties. CONCLUSION Overall, the reviewed literature regarding the physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles provides a relatively clear picture of how these properties vary with the combustion conditions, whereas particle emissions from specific classes of combustion appliances are less well characterised. The major gaps in knowledge concern; (i) characterisation of the atmospheric transformations of wood smoke particles, (ii) characterisation of the physicochemical properties of wood smoke particles in ambient and indoor environments, and (iii) identification of the physicochemical properties that influence the biological effects of wood smoke particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Division of Ergonomics & Aerosol Technology (EAT), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Espen Yttri
- Department of Atmospheric and Climate Research, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoffer Boman
- Energy Technology and Thermal Process Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jalava PI, Hirvonen MR, Sillanpää M, Pennanen AS, Happo MS, Hillamo R, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland M, Borm PJA, Schins RPF, Janssen NAH, Salonen RO. Associations of urban air particulate composition with inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in RAW 246.7 cell line. Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21:994-1006. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370802695710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Merolla L, Richards RJ. IN VITRO EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE METALS PRESENT IN UK PARTICULATE MATTER. Exp Lung Res 2009; 31:671-83. [PMID: 16203622 DOI: 10.1080/01902140591007128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble metal content of 1950s London smogs and modern particulate matter (PM) are associated with adverse health effects. This study aimed to elucidate the bioreactivity of these metals alone and in mixtures and to investigate the comparative bioreactivities of a surrogate mixture and a PM sample. These revealed similar bioreactivities. A bioreactivity hierarchy of these metals was established: Fe2+ > Cu2+ > Fe3+ > VO2+ > Zn2+ > As3+ = Pb2+ = Mn2+ = VO3-. Secondary components (i.e., chlorides, sulfates, nitrates) did not affect metal bioreactivity, whereas oxidation state was important. Synergism was observed between zinc and various metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, VO2+). In conclusion, low-valence transition metals are key to PM bioreactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Merolla
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zinc- and Copper-Induced Interleukin-6 Release in Primary Cell Cultures From Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2009; 9:86-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-009-9043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
de Hartog JJ, Lanki T, Timonen KL, Hoek G, Janssen NAH, Ibald-Mulli A, Peters A, Heinrich J, Tarkiainen TH, van Grieken R, van Wijnen JH, Brunekreef B, Pekkanen J. Associations between PM2.5 and heart rate variability are modified by particle composition and beta-blocker use in patients with coronary heart disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:105-11. [PMID: 19165395 PMCID: PMC2627852 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that ambient particulate air pollution is able to modify the autonomic nervous control of the heart, measured as heart rate variability (HRV). Previously we reported heterogeneous associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and HRV across three study centers. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether exposure misclassification, effect modification by medication, or differences in particle composition could explain the inconsistencies. METHODS Subjects with coronary heart disease visited clinics biweekly in Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Erfurt, Germany; and Helsinki, Finland for 6-8 months. The standard deviation (SD) of NN intervals on an electrocardiogram (ECG; SDNN) and high frequency (HF) power of HRV was measured with ambulatory ECG during paced breathing. Outdoor levels of PM2.5 were measured at a central site. In Amsterdam and Helsinki, indoor and personal PM2.5 were measured during the 24 hr preceding the clinic visit. PM2.5 was apportioned between sources using principal component analyses. We analyzed associations of indoor/personal PM2.5, elements of PM2.5, and source-specific PM2.5 with HRV using linear regression. RESULTS Indoor and personal PM2.5 were not associated with HRV. Increased outdoor PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN and HF at lags of 2 and 3 days only among persons not using beta-blocker medication. Traffic-related PM2.5 was associated with decreased SDNN, and long-range transported PM2.5 with decreased SDNN and HF, most strongly among persons not using beta blockers. Indicators for PM2.5 from traffic and long-range transport were also associated with decreased HRV. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that differences in the composition of particles, beta-blocker use, and obesity of study subjects may explain some inconsistencies among previous studies on HRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J de Hartog
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Riediker M. Cardiovascular Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Components in Highway Patrol Officers. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 19 Suppl 1:99-105. [PMID: 17886057 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701495238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from traffic affects heart-rate variability, thrombosis, and inflammation. This reanalysis investigated components potentially contributing to such effects in nonsmoking healthy male North Carolina highway patrol troopers. Nine officers were studied four times during their late shift. PM2.5, its elemental composition, and gaseous copollutants were measured inside patrol cars. Components correlated to PM2.5 were compared to cardiac and blood parameters measured 10 and 15 h, respectively, after each shift. Mixed effects models with control for PM2.5 were used. Components that were associated with health endpoints independently from PM2.5 were calcium (increased uric acid and von Willebrand Factor [vWF], decreased protein C), chromium (increased white blood cell count and interleukin 6), aldehydes (increased vWF, mean cycle length of normal R-R intervals [MCL], and heart-rate variability parameter pNN50), copper (increased blood urea nitrogen and MCL; decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), and sulfur (increased ventricular ectopic beats). Control for gaseous copollutants had little effect on the effect estimates. The changes observed are consistent with effects reported earlier for PM2.5 from speed-change traffic (characterized by copper, sulfur, and aldehydes) and from soil (with calcium). The associations of chromium with inflammation markers were not seen before for traffic particles, but they are consistent with the toxicological literature although at low concentrations. Copper, sulfur, aldehydes, calcium, and chromium or compounds containing these elements seem to directly contribute to the inflammatory, coagulatory, and cardiac response to PM2.5 from traffic in the investigated patrol troopers.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gottipolu RR, Landa ER, Schladweiler MC, McGee JK, Ledbetter AD, Richards JH, Wallenborn GJ, Kodavanti UP. Cardiopulmonary responses of intratracheally instilled tire particles and constituent metal components. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:473-84. [PMID: 18368618 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701858427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tire and brake wear particles contain transition metals, and contribute to near-road PM. We hypothesized that acute cardiopulmonary injury from respirable tire particles (TP) will depend on the amount of soluble metals. Respirable fractions of two types of TP (TP1 and TP2) were analyzed for water and acid-leachable metals using ICP-AES. Both TP types contained a variety of transition metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), aluminum, and iron. Zn and Cu were detected at high levels in water-soluble fractions (TP2 > TP1). Male Wistar Kyoto rats (12-14 wk) were intratracheally instilled, in the first study, with saline, TP1 or TP2 (5 mg/kg), and in the second study, with soluble Zn, Cu (0.5 micromol/kg), or both. Pulmonary toxicity and cardiac mitochondrial enzymes were analyzed 1 d, 1 wk, or 4 wk later for TP and 4 or 24 h later for metals. Increases in lavage fluid markers of inflammation and injury were observed at d 1 (TP2 > TP1), but these changes reversed by wk 1. No effects on cardiac enzymes were noted with either TP. Exposure of rats to soluble Zn and Cu caused marked pulmonary inflammation and injury but temporal differences were apparent (Cu effects peaked at 4 h and Zn at 24 h). Instillation of Zn, Cu, and Zn + Cu decreased the activity of cardiac aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome-c-oxidase and superoxide dismutase suggesting mitochondrial oxidative stress. The observed acute pulmonary toxicity of TP could be due to the presence of water soluble Zn and Cu. At high concentrations these metals may induce cardiac oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reddy R Gottipolu
- National Research Council, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jang AS, Park CS, Choi IS. Particulate Air Pollutants and Airway Inflammation. Chonnam Med J 2008. [DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2008.44.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- An Soo Jang
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - In Seon Choi
- Department of Allergy, Chonnam National University Medical School and the Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cha MH, Rhim T, Kim KH, Jang AS, Paik YK, Park CS. Proteomic identification of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor upon exposure to TiO2 particles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 6:56-63. [PMID: 17028300 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600234-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of particulate matter aggravates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. We used a proteomics approach to examine this phenomenon. Treatment of epithelial cells with BSA-coated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles altered 20 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel, and these were then analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. These proteins included defense-related, cell-activating, and cytoskeletal proteins implicated in the response to oxidative stress. The proteins were classified into four groups according to the time course of their expression patterns. For validation, RT-PCR was performed on extracts of in vitro TiO(2)-treated cells, and lung issues from TiO(2)-treated rats were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme immunoassay. TiO(2) treatment was found to increase the amount of mRNA for macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF was expressed primarily in epithelium and was elevated in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of TiO(2)-treated rats as compared with sham-treated rats. Carbon black and diesel exhaust particles also induced expression of MIF protein in the epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hwa Cha
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-853, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Churg A, Xie C, Wang X, Vincent R, Wang RD. Air pollution particles activate NF-kappaB on contact with airway epithelial cell surfaces. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 208:37-45. [PMID: 16164960 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution particles (PM) are known to elicit an acute inflammatory response in vivo that is mediated in part through PM-induced activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Many of the details of this process and particularly where in the cell it occurs are unclear. To determine whether contact of PM particles with an epithelial cell surface activates NF-kappaB, rat tracheal explants were exposed to Ottawa Urban Air Particles or iron-loaded fine TiO2, a model PM particle, for up to 2 h. During this period, there was no evidence of particle entry into the tracheal epithelial cells by light or electron microscopy, but both types of particle activated NF-kappaB as assayed by gel shifts. NF-kappaB activation could be inhibited by the active oxygen species scavenger, tetramethylthiourea; the redox-inactive metal chelator, deferoxamine; the Src inhibitor, PP2; and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor inhibitor AG1478. An iron-containing citrate extract of both dusts also produced NF-kappaB activation. Both dusts and a citrate extract caused phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on tyrosine 845, an indicator of Src activity. We conclude that iron-containing PM particles can activate NF-kappaB via a pathway involving Src and the EGF receptor. This process does not require entry of particles into the airway epithelial cells but is dependent on the presence of iron and generation of active oxygen species by the dusts. These findings imply that even brief contact of PM with a pulmonary epithelial cell surface may produce deleterious effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lanki T, de Hartog JJ, Heinrich J, Hoek G, Janssen NAH, Peters A, Stölzel M, Timonen KL, Vallius M, Vanninen E, Pekkanen J. Can we identify sources of fine particles responsible for exercise-induced ischemia on days with elevated air pollution? The ULTRA study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:655-60. [PMID: 16675416 PMCID: PMC1459915 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM) has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Effective mitigation of the health effects requires identification of the most harmful PM sources. The objective of our study was to evaluate relative effects of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter0.1 mV, with odds ratios at 2-day lag of 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.97] and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20) per 1 microg/m3, respectively. In multipollutant models, where we used indicator elements for sources instead of source-specific PM2.5, only absorbance (elemental carbon), an indicator of local traffic and other combustion, was associated with ST segment depressions. Our results suggest that the PM fraction originating from combustion processes, notably traffic, exacerbates ischemic heart diseases associated with PM mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Lanki
- Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland, and Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kang CM, Jang AS, Ahn MH, Shin JA, Kim JH, Choi YS, Rhim TY, Park CS. Interleukin-25 and Interleukin-13 Production by Alveolar Macrophages in Response to Particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005; 33:290-6. [PMID: 15961726 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2005-0003oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle inhalation-induced lung inflammation acts as an adjuvant to allergens or respiratory viral infection in a process that is mediated by macrophages and epitheliums. The production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 by activated T cells is involved in the augmentation of Th2-type immune responses to particles, and IL-25 induces the synthesis of IL-4 and IL-13. However, whether IL-13 and IL-25 are directly regulated by particle instillation in the lung has not been studied. The aim of this study was to reveal particle induction of IL-13 and IL-25 in the lung. TiO(2) instillation potently induced the mRNA expression for IL-25 and IL-13 in lung tissue extracts 24 h after treatment, as compared with the sham group. Immunostaining for IL-25 and IL-13 showed strong positivity for macrophages in the inflammatory lung lesions of TiO(2)-treated rats. The alveolar macrophages expressed IL-25 and IL-13 24 h after in vitro stimulation with TiO(2) particles in dose- and time-dependent manners, with maximal induction at 24 and 48 h after stimulation, respectively. The sequence of the rat IL-25 gene is 95% homologous with the mouse IL-25 gene. These findings indicate that alveolar macrophages play an important role in particle-induced lung inflammation via direct induction of IL-13 and IL-25 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mi Kang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 1174 Jung-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggido 420-767, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Beckett WS, Chalupa DF, Pauly-Brown A, Speers DM, Stewart JC, Frampton MW, Utell MJ, Huang LS, Cox C, Zareba W, Oberdörster G. Comparing inhaled ultrafine versus fine zinc oxide particles in healthy adults: a human inhalation study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:1129-35. [PMID: 15735058 PMCID: PMC2718443 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200406-837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Zinc oxide is a common, biologically active constituent of particulate air pollution as well as a workplace toxin. Ultrafine particles (< 0.1 microm diameter) are believed to be more potent than an equal mass of inhaled accumulation mode particles (0.1-1.0 microm diameter). OBJECTIVES We compared exposure-response relationships for respiratory, hematologic, and cardiovascular endpoints between ultrafine and accumulation mode zinc oxide particles. METHODS In a human inhalation study, 12 healthy adults inhaled 500 microg/m3 of ultrafine zinc oxide, the same mass of fine zinc oxide, and filtered air while at rest for 2 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Preexposure and follow-up studies of symptoms, leukocyte surface markers, hemostasis, and cardiac electrophysiology were conducted to 24 hours post-exposure. Induced sputum was sampled 24 hours after exposure. No differences were detected between any of the three exposure conditions at this level of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Freshly generated zinc oxide in the fine or ultrafine fractions inhaled by healthy subjects at rest at a concentration of 500 microg/m3 for 2 hours is below the threshold for acute systemic effects as detected by these endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Beckett
- Department of Envrionmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box EHSC, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kordysh E, Karakis I, Belmaker I, Vardi H, Bolotin A, Sarov B. Respiratory morbidity in hospitalized Bedouins residing near an industrial park. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2005; 60:147-55. [PMID: 17153087 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.60.3.147-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The residents' concern about exposure to a chemical industrial park (IP), which includes the national toxic industrial waste site, prompted the authors to initiate this ecological study on the association between residing near the IP and being hospitalized for respiratory ailments in the local Bedouin population. The population was stratified by sex, age, and locality type (permanent settlements and traditional tribal settlements). The distance and wind direction from the IP were used as exposure indicators. Hospitalization data were obtained from the regional medical center. Increased hospitalization rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and all respiratory diseases were found to be associated with residential proximity to the IP. Attributable risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 34.2% in male members of the traditional tribal settlements and 49.3% in female members of the permanent settlements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Kordysh
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems Evaluation, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ahn MH, Kang CM, Park CS, Park SJ, Rhim T, Yoon PO, Chang HS, Kim SH, Kyono H, Kim KC. Titanium dioxide particle-induced goblet cell hyperplasia: association with mast cells and IL-13. Respir Res 2005; 6:34. [PMID: 15829015 PMCID: PMC1087883 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of particles aggravates respiratory symptoms including mucus hypersecretion in patients with chronic airway disease and induces goblet cell hyperplasia (GCH) in experimental animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods To understand this, the numbers of goblet cells, Muc5ac (+) expressing epithelial cells and IL-13 expressing mast cells were measured in the trachea of sham or TiO2 particles – treated rats using periodic acid-Schiff, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining. RT-PCR for Muc-1, 2 and 5ac gene transcripts was done using RNA extracted from the trachea. Differential cell count and IL-13 levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In pretreatment groups, cyclophosphamide (CPA) or dexamethasone (DEX) was given before instillation of TiO2. TiO2 treatment markedly increased Muc5ac mRNA expression, and Muc5ac (+) or PAS (+) epithelial cells 48 h following treatment. Results The concentration of IL-13 in BAL fluids was higher in TiO2 treated – rats when compared to those in sham rats (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CPA) decreased the number of neutrophils and eosinophils in BAL fluid of TiO2 treated – rats (p < 0.05), but affected neither the percentage of PAS (+) cells, nor IL-13 levels in the BAL fluids (p > 0.05). In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone (DEX) diminished the percentage of PAS (+) cells and the levels of IL-13 (p < 0.05). TiO2 treatment increased the IL-13 (+) mast cells (p < 0.05) in the trachea, which was suppressed by DEX (p < 0.05), but not by CPA pretreatment (p > 0.05). In addition there were significant correlations of IL-13 (+) rate of mast cells in the trachea with IL-13 concentration in BAL fluid (p < 0.01) and with the percentage of Muc5ac (+) cells in the sham and TiO2 treated rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, TiO2 instillation induces GCH and Muc5ac expression, and this process may be associated with increased production of IL-13 by mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Ahn
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chun-Mi Kang
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pyeong-Oh Yoon
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory disease, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hiroko Kyono
- National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kooter I, Pennings J, Opperhuizen A, Cassee F. Gene expression pattern in spontaneously hypertensive rats exposed to urban particulate matter (EHC-93). Inhal Toxicol 2005; 17:53-65. [PMID: 15764483 DOI: 10.1080/08958370590885717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show associations of short-term exposure to particulate matter with morbidity and mortality. Although many studies investigate the health effects of ambient particulate matter, the associated mechanisms, and the causality, they often focus on classical parameters. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the roles of a wide range of genes in this process. Particular attention has been paid to immediate oxidative stress in the lung. We isolated total lung RNA from spontaneously hypertensive male rats 2-40 h after exposure to reference EHC-93 (10 mg/kg). Our results show that exposure to particulate matter generates a time-dependent pattern of gene expression. From the 8799 genes or expressed sequence tags tested, we see that 132 genes were up- or downregulated shortly after exposure (i.e., 2-6 h), whereas after 15-21 h and 24-40 h, 46 and 56 genes showed altered expression, respectively. Focusing on the earliest point, 99 of the 132 genes were identified as unique. They include genes involved in an oxidative stress response (hemeoxygenase-1, metallothioneins, and thioredoxin reductase), an inflammatory response macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), transcription factors belonging to the activating protein-1 family, and genes involved in cardiovascular functions. The present study, although not representing an ambient situation, is used to identify the biological pathways implicated in the initial injury response to PM exposure. Using Affymetrix chips, this study shows time-dependent gene expression, it identifies many genes that can be affected by exposure to particulate matter, and it confirms the involvement of oxidative stress in particulate-matter-related effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kooter
- Centre for Environmental Health Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Riediker M, Devlin RB, Griggs TR, Herbst MC, Bromberg PA, Williams RW, Cascio WE. Cardiovascular effects in patrol officers are associated with fine particulate matter from brake wear and engine emissions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2004; 1:2. [PMID: 15813985 PMCID: PMC1074349 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine particulate matter air pollutants (PM2.5) affects heart rate variability parameters, and levels of serum proteins associated with inflammation, hemostasis and thrombosis. This study investigated sources potentially responsible for cardiovascular and hematological effects in highway patrol troopers. RESULTS: Nine healthy young non-smoking male troopers working from 3 PM to midnight were studied on four consecutive days during their shift and the following night. Sources of in-vehicle PM2.5 were identified with variance-maximizing rotational principal factor analysis of PM2.5-components and associated pollutants. Two source models were calculated. Sources of in-vehicle PM2.5 identified were 1) crustal material, 2) wear of steel automotive components, 3) gasoline combustion, 4) speed-changing traffic with engine emissions and brake wear. In one model, sources 1 and 2 collapsed to a single source. Source factors scores were compared to cardiac and blood parameters measured ten and fifteen hours, respectively, after each shift. The "speed-change" factor was significantly associated with mean heart cycle length (MCL, +7% per standard deviation increase in the factor score), heart rate variability (+16%), supraventricular ectopic beats (+39%), % neutrophils (+7%), % lymphocytes (-10%), red blood cell volume MCV (+1%), von Willebrand Factor (+9%), blood urea nitrogen (+7%), and protein C (-11%). The "crustal" factor (but not the "collapsed" source) was associated with MCL (+3%) and serum uric acid concentrations (+5%). Controlling for potential confounders had little influence on the effect estimates. CONCLUSION: PM2.5 originating from speed-changing traffic modulates the autonomic control of the heart rhythm, increases the frequency of premature supraventricular beats and elicits pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses in healthy young men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riediker
- Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert B Devlin
- U.S. EPA, ORD, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas R Griggs
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- North Carolina State Highway Patrol, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret C Herbst
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ronald W Williams
- U.S. EPA, ORD, National Exposure Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|