1
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Tewari A. Respiratory system: Highly exposed yet under-reported organ in pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2024:7482337241273808. [PMID: 39178350 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethrin and pyrethroid are a relatively new class of pesticides with potent insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring pesticides obtained from the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium flower, while pyrethroids are their synthetic derivatives. They are widely used as the insecticides of choice in agriculture, veterinary medicine, public health programs, and household activities. Pyrethrin, being a broad-spectrum insecticide kills a wide range of pests, while pyrethroids last longer in the environment owing to low susceptibility to sunlight, and greater stability and efficacy than parent molecules. Humans can be exposed through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. Indoor usage of an insecticide poses a serious risk to human health, especially to women, children, and stay-at-home people. Although pyrethrin and pyrethroid are generally considered safe, sustained skin or inhalation exposure or direct contact with open wounds results in higher toxicity to mammals. There is a paucity of data on the impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on overall pulmonary health. The respiratory system, from the nose, nasal passages, airways, and bronchi to the pulmonary alveoli, is vulnerable to environmental contaminants such as pesticides because of its anatomical location as well as being a highly blood profused organ. Under and over-functioning of the respiratory system triggers diverse pathologies such as serious infections, allergies, asthma, metastatic malignancies, and auto-immune conditions. While the association between workplace-related pesticide exposures and respiratory diseases and symptoms is well documented, it is important to understand the adverse health impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on the general population for awareness and also for better regulation and implementation of the law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tewari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, (NDVSU), Rewa, India
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2
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Arsuffi-Marcon R, Souza LG, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV. Neurotoxicity of Pyrethroids in neurodegenerative diseases: From animals' models to humans' studies. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110911. [PMID: 38367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with diverse symptoms, both motor and mental. Genetic and environmental factors can trigger neurodegenerative diseases. Chemicals as pesticides are constantly used in agriculture and also domestically. In this regard, pyrethroids (PY), are a class of insecticides in which its main mechanism of action is through disruption of voltage-dependent sodium channels function in insects. However, in mammals, they can also induce oxidative stress and enzyme dysfunction. This review investigates the association between PY and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Autism in animal models and humans. Published works using specific and non-specific models for these diseases were selected. We showed a tendency toward the development and/or aggravating of these neurodegenerative diseases following exposure to PYs. In animal models, the biochemical mechanisms of the diseases and their interaction with the insecticides are more deeply investigated. Nonetheless, only a few studies considered the specific model for each type of disease to analyze the impacts of the exposure. The choice of a specific model during the research is an important step and our review highlights the knowledge gaps of PYs effects using these models reinforcing the importance of them during the design of the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Arsuffi-Marcon
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Gomes Souza
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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He J, Xu J, Zheng M, Pan K, Yang L, Ma L, Wang C, Yu J. Thyroid dysfunction caused by exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors and the underlying mechanism: A review. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110909. [PMID: 38340975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid disease has been rapidly increasing, but its causes remain unclear. At present, many studies have focused on the relationship between environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) and the pathogenesis of thyroid disease. Herein, we summarize such studies exploring the effects of exposure to common EEDs on thyrotoxicosis, finding that EEDs appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid-related diseases such as thyroid cancer, goiter, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. To explore this causative effect in detail, we have analyzed the following three aspects of how EEDs are believed to exert their impacts on the occurrence and development of thyroid disease: (1) damage to the thyroid tissue structure, including disrupted mitochondria and the stratification of thyroid follicular epithelial cells; (2) disruption of thyroid hormone signaling, including thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion disorders, destruction of normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, disturbed estrogen signaling in the body, alterations to the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, inhibition of the release of thyroglobulin from thyroid cells, and reductions in the levels of sodium iodide co-transporters, thyroid peroxidase, deiodinase, and transthyretin; and (3) molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of thyroid function, including competitive binding to T3 and T4 receptors, disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, activation of the ERK and Akt pathways, oxidative stress, regulation of the expression of the proto-oncogene k-Ras, tumor suppressor gene PTEN, and thyroid TSHR gene, and induction of autophagy in thyroid cells. Overall, this article reviews how EEDs can affect the occurrence and development of thyroid disease via multiple routes, thus providing new ideas to intervene for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Mucong Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Kai Pan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Lilin Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Lina Ma
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Chuyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, PR China.
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4
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Li BA, Li BM, Bao Z, Li Q, Xing M, Li B. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane for Malaria and Agricultural Uses and Its Impacts on Human Health. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:45. [PMID: 37730942 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and disease control, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is one of the most used pesticides in human history. Besides its significant contributions in pest control in agriculture, DDT was credited as having saved millions of human lives for controlling malaria and other deadly insect-transmitted diseases. Even today, the use of DDT in some countries for malaria control cannot be replaced without endangering people who live there. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and reminded us of the challenges in dealing with infectious diseases, especially deadly ones including malaria. However, DDT and its metabolites are stable, persist long, are found in almost every corner of the world, and their persistent effects on humans, animals, and the environment must be seriously considered. This review will focus on the history of DDT use for agriculture and malaria control, the pathways for the spread of DDT, benefits and risks of DDT use, DDT exposure to animals, humans, and the environment, and the associated human health risks. These knowledge and findings of DDT will benefit the selection and management of pesticides worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
- Morgantown High School, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Zhenghong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA.
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5
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Lukić Bilela L, Matijošytė I, Krutkevičius J, Alexandrino DAM, Safarik I, Burlakovs J, Gaudêncio SP, Carvalho MF. Impact of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) on the marine environment: Raising awareness, challenges, legislation, and mitigation approaches under the One Health concept. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115309. [PMID: 37591052 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have long been known for their detrimental effects on the ecosystems and living organisms; however the long-term impact on the marine environment is still insufficiently recognized. Based on PFAS persistence and bioaccumulation in the complex marine food network, adverse effects will be exacerbated by global processes such as climate change and synergies with other pollutants, like microplastics. The range of fluorochemicals currently included in the PFAS umbrella has significantly expanded due to the updated OECD definition, raising new concerns about their poorly understood dynamics and negative effects on the ocean wildlife and human health. Mitigation challenges and approaches, including biodegradation and currently studied materials for PFAS environmental removal are proposed here, highlighting the importance of ongoing monitoring and bridging research gaps. The PFAS EU regulations, good practices and legal frameworks are discussed, with emphasis on recommendations for improving marine ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Lukić Bilela
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Inga Matijošytė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Jokūbas Krutkevičius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Diogo A M Alexandrino
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISBB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juris Burlakovs
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences, Józefa Wybickiego 7 A, 31-261 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA Faculty for Sciences and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Sanguos CL, Suárez OL, Martínez-Carballo E, Couce ML. Postnatal exposure to organic pollutants in maternal milk in north-western Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120903. [PMID: 36549446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of postnatal exposure to organic pollutants is especially important for suckling infants during breastfeeding, a crucial perinatal growth period when organs and hormonal systems develop. We determined levels of 60 pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in 81 breast milk samples from breastfeeding mothers from Santiago de Compostela (north-western Spain). For most detected organic pollutants, levels were correlated with the season of milk sampling, maternal age at delivery, and place of residence. Dietary consumption habits (eggs, molluscs, and vegetable oils) were also correlated with OCP, OPP, PCB, PBDE and PYR levels. We also assessed the risk to infant health of exposure to organic pollutants in breast milk. PAHs, OCPs, OPPs, and PYRs accounted for almost 95% of the targeted organic pollutants in the samples analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López Sanguos
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olalla López Suárez
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Food and Health Omics, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, Ourense, 32004, Spain.
| | - María Luz Couce
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15704, Spain; Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Botha TL, Bamuza-Pemu E, Roopnarain A, Ncube Z, De Nysschen G, Ndaba B, Mokgalaka N, Bello-Akinosho M, Adeleke R, Mushwana A, van der Laan M, Mphahlele P, Vilakazi F, Jaca P, Ubomba-Jaswa E. Development of a GIS-based knowledge hub for contaminants of emerging concern in South African water resources using open-source software: Lessons learnt. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13007. [PMID: 36747952 PMCID: PMC9898659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With population growth and dwindling freshwater sources, protecting such sources has come to the forefront of water resource management. Historically, society's response to a problem is based on funding availability, current threat, and public outcry. Achieving this is largely dependent on the knowledge of the factors that are resulting in compromised water sources. These factors are constantly changing as novel contaminants are introduced into surface water sources. As we are in the information age, the interest in contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) is gaining ground. Whilst research is being conducted to identify contaminants in South African water sources, the research outputs and available information is not collated and presented to the science community and stakeholders in readily available formats and platforms. Current research outcomes need to be made known to regulators in order to develop environmental laws. By using fourth industrial revolution technology, we were able to collate available data in literature and display these in a user-friendly online format to regulatory bodies as well as researchers. A standardized excel spreadsheet was developed and uploaded to a PostgreSQL, running a PostGIS extension and was then processed in the GeoServer to allow for visualization on an interactive map which can be continuously updated. The near real-time access to information will reduce the possibility of duplication of research efforts, enhance collaboration in the discipline, and act as a CEC early warning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Lee Botha
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Emomotimi Bamuza-Pemu
- OptimalEnviro; Postnet Suite 073, Private Bag X21, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa
| | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zibusiso Ncube
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gert De Nysschen
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Ndaba
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ntebogeng Mokgalaka
- University of Pretoria, Mamelodi Campus, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Tshwane University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Maryam Bello-Akinosho
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Akani Mushwana
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael van der Laan
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – Natural Resources and Engineering, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Phedisho Mphahlele
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Fanelesibonge Vilakazi
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council – Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, South Africa
| | - Penny Jaca
- Water Research Commission, Lynnwood Bridge Office Park, Bloukrans Building, 4 Daventry Street, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, 0081, South Africa
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Water Research Commission, Lynnwood Bridge Office Park, Bloukrans Building, 4 Daventry Street, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, 0081, South Africa
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8
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Hu C, Wang L, Ma Y, Xu Z, Lu H. Investigation on the interaction of pyrethroid pesticides to estrogen receptor alpha through computational and experimental methods. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112565. [PMID: 35588686 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are a group of widely used bio-mimetic synthetic pesticides. However, recent studies reported that they could have an accumulation effect in human which may cause series of health problems. Estrogen receptors (ER) are a class of nuclear receptors that are vital in proper physiological behavior of estrogens. To investigate the reproductive toxicity of pyrethroids, homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations (MDs) were conducted to explore the interaction between pyrethroids and ERα from atomic scale. The human ERα (2YJA) was selected as a template protein for homology modeling. Then eight typical pyrethroids and positive control estradiol were docked to the modeled protein. The highest scoring bifenthrin and the lowest scoring permethrin were chosen for in-depth analysis. MDs showed that the complex formed by permethrin with ERα had a lower RMSD value and binding free energies compared to bifenthrin. Based on these results from microscopic dimension, exposure experiments were implemented to validate the primary conclusions. VTG concentrations in male zebrafish's blood were significantly higher under permethrin exposure than bifenthrin, suggesting a stronger estrogenic activity and binding propensity. In this regard, the structural characteristics of molecules were analyzed, expecting to provide theoretical references for subsequent drug design and rational drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Leng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhiyou Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Huizhe Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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9
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Allethrin Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy Associated with the Oxidative Stress-Related PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Developing Rat Ovaries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126397. [PMID: 35742842 PMCID: PMC9224321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased concern regarding the reduction in female fertility and the impressive numbers of women undergoing fertility treatment support the existence of environmental factors beyond inappropriate programming of developing ovaries. Among these factors are pyrethroids, which are currently some of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide. The present study was performed to investigate the developmental effects of the pyrethroid-based insecticide allethrin on ovarian function in rat offspring in adulthood. We mainly focused on the roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and the related pathways in ovarian injury. Thirty-day-old Wistar albino female rats were intragastrically administered 0 (control), 34.2 or 68.5 mg/kg body weight allethrin after breeding from Day 6 of pregnancy until delivery. We found that allethrin-induced ovarian histopathological damage was accompanied by elevations in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, the number of autophagosomes in allethrin-treated ovaries was higher, and this increase was correlated with the upregulated expression of genes and proteins related to the autophagic marker LC-3. Furthermore, allethrin downregulated the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in allethrin-treated ovaries compared with control ovaries. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that exposure to the pyrethroid-based insecticide allethrin adversely affects both the follicle structure and function in rat offspring during adulthood. Specifically, allethrin can induce excessive oxidative stress and defective autophagy-related apoptosis, probably through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and these effects may contribute to ovarian dysfunction and impaired fertility in female offspring.
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10
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Xu Z, Bai S, Shen L, Luo Y, Hu Z. Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled D5-Cyhalothrin, D5-Fenpropathrin and
D5-Fenvalerate from Deuterium Phenol. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210610170638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
A convenient synthetic route of deuterium-labeled D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and
D5-fenvalerate is described with 98.7%, 98.5%, and 98.3% isotopic enrichment and high chemical purities
using D6-phenol as labeled starting material. These structures and isotope-abundance were confirmed
by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The prepared D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and D5-
fenvalerate can be used as a standard internal reagent for the determination of residual pyrethroids of
food and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofei Bai
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute
of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Shen
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute
of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Research Institute
of Chemical Industry CO., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and
Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Alexandrino DAM, Almeida CMR, Mucha AP, Carvalho MF. Revisiting pesticide pollution: The case of fluorinated pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118315. [PMID: 34634397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated pesticides acquired a significant market share in the agrochemical sector due to the surge of new fluoroorganic ingredients approved in the last two decades. This growing trend has not been accompanied by a comprehensive scientific and regulatory framework entailing all their potential negative impacts for the environment, especially when considering the hazardous properties that may result from the incorporation of fluorine into organic molecules. This review aims to address the safe/hazardous dichotomy associated with fluorinated pesticides by providing an updated outlook on their relevancy in the agrochemical sector and how it leads to their role as environmental pollutants. Specifically, the environmental fate and distribution of these pesticides in the ecosystems is discussed, while also analysing their potential to act as toxic substances for non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A M Alexandrino
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana P Mucha
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 790, 4150-171, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria F Carvalho
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Agus S, Akkaya H, Daglioglu N, Eyuboglu S, Atasayan O, Mete F, Colak C, Sandal S, Yilmaz B. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in breast milk samples and their correlation with dietary and reproductive factors in lactating mothers in Istanbul. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3463-3473. [PMID: 34386925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) continue to threaten the environment and human health. We have investigated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in breast milk samples. A questionnaire was also obtained from the study participants. A total of 48 healthy lactating mothers (mean age: 29.5±0.8 years) living in Istanbul volunteered to participate in this study. High-resolution analyses of several OCPs and PCB congeners were done by gas chromatography. The levels of seven major PCB congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) and eight OCPs (α-benzenehexachloride, β-benzenehexachloride, δ-benzenehexachloride, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (2,4DDE), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4DDE), 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2,4DDT), and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4DDT)) were determined. The analysis showed that the highest levels of PCBs were observed in PCB 52 (22.99±8.78 ng/g lipid), PCB 101 (12.22±7.8 ng/g lipid), PCB 28 (11.44±5.16 ng/g lipid), and PCB 153 (1.70±0.74 ng/g lipid). The highest OCPs detected were 4,4DDT (3.33±2.05 ng/g lipid) and 4,4DDE (0.86 ± 0.39 ng/g lipid), and the lowest was observed in HCB (0.016 ± 0.01 ng/g lipid). Our findings show that traces of PCBs and OCPs are still present in breast milk of lactating women living in Istanbul, and these pollutants decline in multipara women compared to primipara mothers. We also suggest that breast milk is a useful and representative biological tool for human biomonitoring of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Agus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Akkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry , University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nebile Daglioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Signem Eyuboglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Atasayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mete
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemil Colak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Guida Y, Pozo K, Carvalho GOD, Capella R, Targino AC, Torres JPM, Meire RO. Occurrence of pyrethroids in the atmosphere of urban areas of Southeastern Brazil: Inhalation exposure and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118020. [PMID: 34450491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) used decades ago for vector control in urban areas is still reported as a threat to human health. Pyrethroids emerged as a replacement for OCPs in sanitary campaigns and are currently the main insecticides used for vector control worldwide, with prominent use as agricultural and household insecticides, for veterinary and gardening purposes, and as wood preservative. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, seasonal variation, and potential sources of pyrethroids in ambient air of two urban regions of Southeastern Brazil, along with the potential health risks to local populations via inhalation exposure. Pyrethroids were sampled by polyurethane foam passive air samplers and their concentrations were determined by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS). Atmospheric pyrethroid concentrations (hereinafter reported in pg m-3) were considerably higher than those reported by previous studies worldwide. Cypermethrin (median: 2446; range: 461-15 125) and permethrin (655; 19-10 328) accounted for 95% of the total measured pyrethroids in ambient air. The remaining fraction comprised smaller amounts of bifenthrin (46; <limit of detection (LOD)-5171), deltamethrin (58; <LOD-564), phenothrin (7; <LOD-22) and fenvalerate (0.3; <LOD-3). Bifenthrin, deltamethrin and permethrin were linked to local sources, while cypermethrin, fenvalerate and phenothrin had more prominent regional contributions. In broad terms, most pyrethroids showed no clear seasonal trend. The concentrations and hazard quotients (HQs) showed the following order of occurrence and magnitude: urban > urban-industrial > background areas. HQs increased with decreasing age group, but deterministic and probabilistic estimates did not identify direct health risks for any group. Nevertheless, since only inhalation exposure was considered in this work, other pathways should be investigated to provide a more comprehensive risk assessment of the human exposure to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Guida
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Bío Bío, Chile
| | - Gabriel Oliveira de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Capella
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Admir Créso Targino
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Av. Pioneiros 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Machado Torres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ornellas Meire
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Micropoluentes Jan Japenga, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS. Organochlorine pesticide accumulation in fish and catchment sediments of Lake St Lucia: Risks for Africa's largest estuary. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129712. [PMID: 33529950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been banned or severely limited on a global basis, concerning concentrations continue to be reported in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These habitats often support high levels of unique biodiversity and vulnerable communities that depend on the environment for their survival. We investigated threats associated with OCP contamination at Lake St Lucia, a global hotspot for biodiversity and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa. Lake St Lucia is sustained largely by surface runoff from catchment areas where significant quantities of OCPs have historically been used in agriculture and where DDT continues to be used for disease control. Sediments (n = 40) collected from the two largest fluvial inputs to Lake St Lucia showed that these rivers represent important sources of contaminants, with ∑OCP concentrations ranging between 74 and 510 ng g-1. Measured HCH, dieldrin, ∑DDT and ∑chlor concentrations exceeded NOAA sediment toxicity guidelines in the majority of samples analysed. Bioaccumulation was assessed by examining residue concentrations in muscle tissues from two abundant fish species from Lake St Lucia. OCPs were detected in all samples analysed, with total concentrations ranging 860-5000 ng g-1 lw and 390-3200 ng g-1 lw for Oreochromis mossambicus (n = 17) and Clarias gariepinus (n = 41), respectively. A health risk assessment indicated potential dietary risk associated with exposure to aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor, although the cumulative effect of OCPs on human health, ecosystem biodiversity and long-term ecotourism sustainability remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Nuclear Power Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Arisekar U, Jeya Shakila R, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G. Pesticides contamination in the Thamirabarani, a perennial river in peninsular India: The first report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129251. [PMID: 33348266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the distribution of pesticides and assesses the ecological and human health risks associated with pesticide residues concentration in the Thamirabarani River, the only perennial river in Tamil Nadu, India. Observed a variation in the pesticide concentration in the water (not detected (ND)-31.69 μg/L), sediments (ND-14.77 μg/kg), and fish (0.02-26.05 μg/kg). Endosulfan, aldrin, and endrin were the predominant organochlorine pesticides present in water, sediments, and fish. The average concentration of pesticides (except endosulfan) in water and sediments was found to be below the acceptable threshold as per the water and sediment quality guidelines, posing no ecological hazard to aquatic organisms. The calculated risk quotient and toxic unit (0.1 > TU/RQ ≤ 1) represent low-to-medium acute and chronic toxicity to the aquatic organisms inhabiting the river basin. The average concentration of pesticides in fish (Labeorohita) was also below the maximum residual limits set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). However, the calculated daily intakes of endosulfan, aldrin, and endrin were above the CAC-acceptable daily intake guidelines. The human health risk assessment showed that children and adults exposed to pesticides in water and sediments through ingestion and dermal contact could have higher cancer risks (CR > 10-4) than inhalation. This study recommends implementing effective and routine pollution management schemes to avoid pesticide threats to aquatic and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anand N, Chakraborty P, Ray S. Human exposure to organochlorine, pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pesticides: Comparison between urban and semi-urban regions of India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116156. [PMID: 33321437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, urban areas may be at greater risk of pesticide exposure compared to semi-urban agricultural regions. To investigate this, concentrations of selected pesticides were measured in 81 human milk samples collected in urban Kolkata and semi-urban Nadia in West Bengal, India. Three classes of pesticides were investigated - legacy organochlorines and emerging pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. The average concentration of the majority of the chemicals (DDT, its metabolites, HCH isomers, bifenthrin, endosulfan), showed a clear urban > semi-urban trend. Compared with previous measurements in other Indian cities and developing nations, current HCH and DDT concentrations in urban Kolkata were high. These chemicals were detected in 100% of the samples in both the urban and the semi-urban region. Also in both regions, the Estimated Daily Intake of DDTs, HCHs, aldrin, dieldrin and the pyrethroid bifenthrin for breastfed infants exceeded the Tolerable Daily Intake in a number of samples. Three pyrethroids were detected in human milk samples in India for the first time. This indicates a shift in the usage pattern of pesticides in India from organochlorines to pyrethroids. These findings may be used to drive targeted regulation of pesticides in developing countries with similar histories of pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Anand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Sujata Ray
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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Jurewicz J, Radwan P, Wielgomas B, Radwan M, Karwacka A, Kałużny P, Piskunowicz M, Dziewirska E, Hanke W. Exposure to pyrethroid pesticides and ovarian reserve. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106028. [PMID: 32795752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synthetic pyretroids are among the most common pesticides currently used worldwide. Animal studies suggest that exposure to pyrethroids could dysregulated the function of the ovary, mainly follicular development and/or synthesis of the reproductive hormone. Nevertheless data regarding the effect of exposure on female ovarian function is limited. So the aim of the present study is to assess the effect of exposure to synthetic pyrethroids on ovarian reserve. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consists of 511 females aged 25-39 years attending infertility clinics for diagnostic purposes, because of couples' infertility. Validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method was used to assess the urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites (CDDCA (cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid), TDDCA (trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid), 3PBA (3-phenoxybenzoic acid) and DBCA (cis-2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid)). Ovarian reserve was assessed using parameters of ovarian reserve (antral follicle count and concentrations of hormones: AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and E2 (estradiol)). RESULTS In the present analysis the association was found between urinary concentrations of 3-PBA and levels of AMH (p = 0.03), FSH (p = 0.04) and antral follicle count (p = 0.02). Urinary level of CDCCA, TDCCA and DBCA was not associated with any examined parameters of ovarian reserve. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic pyrethroids may affect female ovarian reserve. As this is the first, preliminary study the results need confirmation in a further detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Radwan
- "Gameta", 7 Cybernetyki St, 02-677 Warsaw, Poland; "Gameta", Kielce-Regional Science-Technology Centre, 45 Podzamcze St, 26-060 Chęciny, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland; Faculty of Health Sciences, The State University of Applied Sciences in Plock, 2 Dabrowskiego Sq, 09-402 Plock, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kałużny
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Piskunowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emila Dziewirska
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
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Wu Q, Schlag S, Uren R, van der Lingen CD, Bouwman H, Vetter W. Polyhalogenated Compounds (Halogenated Natural Products and POPs) in Sardine ( Sardinops sagax) from the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6084-6091. [PMID: 32378893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were quantified in South African sardines (Sardinops sagax) from one site in the South Atlantic Ocean and one in the Indian Ocean. At both sites, HNPs [2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Q1), mixed halogenated compound 1 (MHC-1), 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA), 2'-MeO-BDE 68 (BC-2), and 6-MeO-BDE 47 (BC-3)] were 1 order of magnitude higher concentrated than anthropogenic POPs [mainly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), ∼3 ng/g lipids]. MHC-1 and Q1 were the major HNPs in the samples from both sites, contributing with up to 49 and 52 ng/g lipids, respectively. The same 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDE)/PCB ratio suggested that the major POPs were evenly distributed at both sites. Different ratios of Q1/MHC-1 in the samples from the Indian (∼2:1) and South Atlantic (∼1:1) Oceans indicated that the occurrence of HNPs in seafood is difficult to predict and should be investigated more in detail. The PCB levels in sardines were found to pose no risk to human consumers, whereas HNPs could not be evaluated because of the lack of toxicological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlag
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ryan Uren
- Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Carl D van der Lingen
- Fisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa
- Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 2531 Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Huq F, Obida M, Bornman R, Di Lenardo T, Chevrier J. Associations between prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE and allergy symptoms and diagnoses in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109366. [PMID: 32299029 PMCID: PMC7336873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide that is banned internationally except for use as part of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) programs to control malaria. Although animal studies show that DDT and its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) affect the immune system and may cause allergies, no studies have examined this question in populations where IRS is conducted. The aim of our study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE is associated with allergy symptoms and diagnose among South African children living in an area where IRS is conducted. To accomplish this aim, we used data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), an ongoing birth cohort study of 752 children born between 2012 and 2013 in the rural Vhembe district of Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal peripartum serum concentrations of DDT and DDE, and administered a questionnaire to the caregivers of 658 children aged 3.5 years to collect information on allergy symptoms and diagnoses as well as potential confounders using validated instruments. Using multiple logistic regression models, we found positive associations between DDT and DDE serum concentrations and most of the allergy symptoms and diagnoses. Maternal DDT (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.5 per 10-fold increase, 95% Confidence interval, CI = 1.0, 2.3) and DDE (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.4) serum concentrations were most strongly associated with caregiver report of wheezing or whistling in the chest. Concentrations of DDT and/or DDE were also associated with increased odds of children's chests sounding wheezy during or after exercise, itchy rashes coming and going for at least six months, diagnosis of food allergy, and diagnosis of dust or dust mites allergy but confidence intervals crossed the null. Results suggest that prenatal exposure to DDT, and possibly DDE, is associated with elevated odds of wheezing among children from an IRS area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Huq
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria School of Health Systems and Public Health, and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria School of Health Systems and Public Health, and Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Di Lenardo
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Yilmaz B, Terekeci H, Sandal S, Kelestimur F. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure, effects on human health, mechanism of action, models for testing and strategies for prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:127-147. [PMID: 31792807 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are a global problem for environmental and human health. They are defined as "an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action". It is estimated that there are about 1000 chemicals with endocrine-acting properties. EDCs comprise pesticides, fungicides, industrial chemicals, plasticizers, nonylphenols, metals, pharmaceutical agents and phytoestrogens. Human exposure to EDCs mainly occurs by ingestion and to some extent by inhalation and dermal uptake. Most EDCs are lipophilic and bioaccumulate in the adipose tissue, thus they have a very long half-life in the body. It is difficult to assess the full impact of human exposure to EDCs because adverse effects develop latently and manifest at later ages, and in some people do not present. Timing of exposure is of importance. Developing fetus and neonates are the most vulnerable to endocrine disruption. EDCs may interfere with synthesis, action and metabolism of sex steroid hormones that in turn cause developmental and fertility problems, infertility and hormone-sensitive cancers in women and men. Some EDCs exert obesogenic effects that result in disturbance in energy homeostasis. Interference with hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid and adrenal axes has also been reported. In this review, potential EDCs, their effects and mechanisms of action, epidemiological studies to analyze their effects on human health, bio-detection and chemical identification methods, difficulties in extrapolating experimental findings and studying endocrine disruptors in humans and recommendations for endocrinologists, individuals and policy makers will be discussed in view of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Terekeci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Kelestimur
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Wildlife and Humans. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS, Pillay L. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in rural communities living within catchment areas of iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17774-17786. [PMID: 31030398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of contaminated food is a major route of human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Despite the prevalence of OCP usage in southern Africa for several decades, their impact on socioeconomically vulnerable communities remains largely overlooked. We investigated the accumulation of OCPs in crops commonly cultivated by rural communities surrounding iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. All samples analysed were found to be contaminated, with total OCP concentrations ranging between 190 and 240 ng g-1 ww. Elevated levels of OCP residues were detected in all products, with the majority of samples exceeding European Commission's maximum residue limits (MRLs). We combine these results with local OCP fish tissue estimates to assess potential dietary risks. Cumulative risk assessment indicated potential non-cancer risks associated with heptachlor epoxide, while a cancer risk as high as 1 in 10 was found to be associated with aldrin and dieldrin. This far exceeds USEPA guidelines and indicates that OCP residues in crops and fish from the study area pose a high risk to human health. The results of this study call for further attention to be given to the health implications of continued OCP use not only within the study area but also in Southern Africa in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Letitia Pillay
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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23
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Yao G, Gao J, Zhang C, Jiang W, Wang P, Liu X, Liu D, Zhou Z. Enantioselective degradation of the chiral alpha-cypermethrin and detection of its metabolites in five plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1558-1564. [PMID: 30443721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-cypermethrin (α-cypermethrin), an important chiral pyrethroid insecticide, is frequently detected in human samples. Because of the possible human health risks caused by α-cypermethrin, we studied dynamics, residues, and metabolism of α-cypermethrin in five common vegetables (tomato, cucumber, rape, cabbage, and pepper) on enantiomeric levels after foliar spray. α-Cypermethrin was qualified by a HP-5 column and its enantiomers could be separated by gas chromatograph (GC) using a BGB-172 chiral column. The results of degradation showed that α-cypermethrin dissipated rapidly in vegetables with half-lives being only 2.85-8.88 days. Stereoselective degradation was observed on pepper and cucumber while the two metabolites (cis-DCCA and 3-PBA) of α-cypermethrin were not detected during its dissipation in all plants. This is the first evidence of enantioselective degradation of α-cypermethrin in the five common vegetables and the results should be considered in future environmental risk and food safety evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Thompson LA, Ikenaka Y, Darwish WS, Yohannes YB, van Vuren JJ, Wepener V, Smit NJ, Assefa AG, Tharwat A, Eldin WFS, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Investigation of mRNA expression changes associated with field exposure to DDTs in chickens from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204400. [PMID: 30307967 PMCID: PMC6181288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify potential mRNA expression changes in chicken livers associated with environmental exposure to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs). In particular, we focused on genes relating to the immune system and metabolism. We analyzed liver samples from free-ranging chickens in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, for contamination by DDTs. This area predominantly uses DDT in its malaria control program, and homes are sprayed annually with the pesticide. Genes relating to the immune system and metabolism were selected as potential genetic biomarkers that could be linked to higher contamination with DDTs. RT-qPCR analysis on 39 samples showed strong correlations between DDTs contamination and mRNA expression for the following genes: AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD6 and AvBD7 (down-regulated), and CYP17, ELOVL2 and SQLE (up-regulated). This study shows for the first time interesting and significant correlations between genetic material collected from environmentally-exposed chickens and mRNA expression of several genes involved in immunity and metabolism. These findings show the usefulness of analysis on field samples from a region with high levels of environmental contamination in detecting potential biomarkers of exposure. In particular, we observed clear effects from DDT contamination on mRNA expression of genes involved in immune suppression, endocrine-disrupting effects, and lipid dysregulation. These results are of interest in guiding future studies to further elucidate the pathways involved in and clinical importance of toxicity associated with DDT exposure from contaminated environments, to ascertain the health risk to livestock and any subsequent risks to food security for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. Thompson
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wageh S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yared B. Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Johan J. van Vuren
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J. Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Atnafu G. Assefa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Tharwat
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Fathy Saad Eldin
- Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wang J, Lin K, Taylor A, Gan J. In vitro assessment of pyrethroid bioaccessibility via particle ingestion. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:125-132. [PMID: 29957354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intensive use in agricultural and residential pest control, human exposure to residues of multiple pyrethroids frequently occurs. Pyrethroids have exceptionally high affinity for solid particles, highlighting the need to understand human exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated soil or dust particles. In this study, we used artificial gastrointestinal fluids to measure the desorption or bioaccessibility of eight current-use pyrethroids in soil and dust samples. Tenax was further included as a sink in parallel treatments to simulate the effect of removal due to transfer of pyrethroids to lipid membranes. The use of 0.4 g of Tenax in 20 mL digestive fluids resulted in rapid and efficient trapping of pyrethroids, and further, greatly increased bioaccessibility. In the artificial digestive fluids without Tenax, 6.0-48.0% of pyrethroids were desorbed over 21 h, and the fractions increased by 1.6-4.1 folds to 21.5-79.3% with the Tenax sink. Therefore, 6.0-79.3% of soil or dust-borne pyrethroids may be considered bioavailable upon ingestion. While protein and sucrose increased the estimated bioaccessibility, co-presence of lipid (vegetable oil) decreased the bioaccessibility of pyrethroids, likely due to competitive phase partition. Pyrethroids were also found to be unstable in the artificial intestinal fluid containing pancreatin, further decreasing the potential bioaccessibility of pyrethroids on soil or dust particles. The limited bioaccessibility should be considered to refine the prediction of human exposure and risk through oral ingestion of pyrethroid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Allison Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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26
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Al-Amoudi WM. Toxic effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin, on the rat thyroid: Involvement of oxidative stress and ameliorative effect of ginger extract. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:728-736. [PMID: 29922588 PMCID: PMC6005809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin leads to histpathological changes and DNA damage in thyroid gland. Lambda-cyhalothrin induces oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of thyroid hormones and antioxidant enzyme in erythrocytes. Ginger prevents the toxicity effect of Lambda-cyhalothrin and DNA damage in the thyroid gland. Ginger decreases the histopathological changes, abnormal level of thyroid hormones and antioxidant enzymes in the thyroid gland caused by LCT.
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a synthetic pyrethroid that is widely used to control insecticide. Ginger is a traditional plant that is widely used as a spice or folk medicine. This study evaluates the antioxidant effect of ginger extract on thyroid toxicity induced by LCT in albino rats. Adult Rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: Group 1: control, Group 2: oral ginger treatment (24 mg/ml, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 3: oral LCT treatment (1/100 LD50, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), Group 4: oral LCT and ginger mixture treatment. The histological results of LCT group showed degenerated follicles with reduced colloids, congestion of blood vessels and hyperaemia between the follicles. Histochemically, depletion of glycogen and proteins was recorded in follicular cells and colloids. The biochemical results of LCT treated group revealed a decrease in T3, T4, SOD and CAT, while TSH and MDA were increased. The comet assay showed that LCT significantly induced DNA damage in the thyroid gland. However, treating rats with LCT plus ginger led to an improvement in the histological structure of the thyroid, with noticeable increases in glycogen and protein deposition. Also, LCT plus ginger increase in T3, T4 and the antioxidant enzymes SOD and COT were detected concomitantly with a decrease in TSH and MDA as well as a significant reduction in DNA damage. LCT affected the thyroid function and structure. On the other hand, ginger has a preventative effect against the histological damage and biochemical toxicity caused by the (LCT) insecticide.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALK-P, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, plasma alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Antioxidant
- CAT, catalase
- CC14, carbon tetrachloride
- DMA, lipid peroxidan marker
- DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione-S-transferase
- Ginger
- Histochemistry
- LCT, Lambda-cyhalothrin
- Lambda-cyhalothrin
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- PAS, Periodic acid–Schiff
- PCO, protein carbonyl
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- T3, triiodothyronine, T4, thyroxine
- TI, percent of genomic DNA that migrated during electrophoresis from the nuclear core to the tail
- TL, distance of DNA migration from the center to the nuclear core
- TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Thyroid
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27
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Xu C, Li X, Jin M, Sun X, Niu L, Lin C, Liu W. Early life exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites: a comparison of phenotypic and behavioral indicators and gene expression involved in the HPT axis and innate immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12992-13003. [PMID: 29480392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies have revealed the association between synthetic pyrethroid (SP) exposure and aquatic toxicity in fish; however, research on the toxic effects of SP metabolites is still limited. In this study, the toxicity of two SPs (permethrin (PM) and β-cypermethrin (β-CP)) and their three metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCOH), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBCHO), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH)) towards zebrafish embryos and larvae was evaluated. Both SPs and their metabolites exhibited significant developmental toxicities, caused abnormal vascular development, and changed locomotor activities in larvae. The alteration of gene expression involved in the thyroid system and the innate immune system indicated that SPs and their three metabolites have the potency to induce thyroid disruption and trigger an immune response. The results from the present study suggest that SP metabolites could induce multiple toxic responses similar to parent compounds, and their toxicity should be considered for improving the understanding of environmental risks of SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Xinfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chunmian Lin
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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28
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS, Pillay L. Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in fish from a global biodiversity hotspot: iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:273-281. [PMID: 29186702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used extensively in the eastern regions of South Africa for agricultural and malaria control purposes, yet few data exist on the local environmental and social impacts of these compounds. Such issues have become of increasing concern in the iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, where the continued use of OCPs may pose risks to several sensitive and protected species. This study was designed to examine the bioaccumulation of OCPs in two common fish species, Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African sharptooth catfish) from iSimangaliso Wetland Park. These species are targeted by local subsistence fishermen and sustain substantial bird and crocodile populations. Our findings indicate widespread contamination of the aquatic environment, with ΣOCP fish tissue concentrations in the range of 6907-8740ngg-1 lw and 2953-5874ngg-1 lw for C. gariepinus and O. mossambicus, respectively. HCHs (471-1570ngg-1 lw), DDTs (645-2399ngg-1 lw), drin-related residues (589-1960ngg-1 lw), chlor-related residues (455-2162ngg-1 lw) and endosulfans (457-1495ngg-1 lw) were detected in all tissue samples. Concentrations detected in the majority of samples exceeded European Commission maximum residue limits and a health risk assessment indicated potential dietary risk associated with exposure to heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin. This study represents the first investigation into OCP bioaccumulation in fish species from iSimangaliso Wetland Park. Our findings highlight the need for more detailed investigations into the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological effects of these contaminants in the food web and the associated risks to local ecosystems and human health. CAPSULE High levels of OCPs detected in two common fish species at iSimangaliso Wetland Park highlight potential human health and ecotoxicological threats to a globally important biodiversity conservation hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Letitia Pillay
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa
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29
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Tang W, Wang D, Wang J, Wu Z, Li L, Huang M, Xu S, Yan D. Pyrethroid pesticide residues in the global environment: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:990-1007. [PMID: 29145144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are synthetic organic insecticides with low mammalian toxicity that are widely used in both rural and urban areas worldwide. After entering the natural environment, pyrethroids circulate among the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas and enter organisms through food chains, resulting in substantial health risks. This review summarized the available studies on pyrethroid residues since 1986 in different media at the global scale and indicated that pyrethroids have been widely detected in a range of environments (including soils, water, sediments, and indoors) and in organisms. The concentrations and detection rates of agricultural pyrethroids, which always contain α-cyanogroup (α-CN), such as cypermethrin and fenvalerate, decline in the order of crops > sediments > soils > water. Urban pyrethroids (not contain α-CN), such as permethrin, have been detected at high levels in the indoor environment, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a common pyrethroid metabolite in human urine, is frequently detected in the human body. Pyrethroid pesticides accumulate in sediments, which are a source of pyrethroid residues in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhengwen Wu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mingli Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shaohui Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongyun Yan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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30
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Buah-Kwofie A, Humphries MS. The distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from iSimangaliso Wetland Park: Ecological risks and implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:715-723. [PMID: 28728131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The iSimangaliso Wetland Park World Heritage site, located on the east coast of South Africa, spans ∼3300 km2 and constitutes the largest protected estuarine environment for hippopotami, crocodiles and aquatic birds in Africa. Given the ecological importance of this site and continued use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the region, this study focused on the nature, distribution and potential sources of organochlorine contamination within iSimangaliso Wetland Park. OCPs were widely distributed in surface sediment samples obtained from the four main Ramsar wetland systems within the park (Lake St Lucia, Mkhuze, Lake Sibaya and Kosi Bay). ∑HCH and ∑DDT were the dominant contaminants detected with concentrations in the range of 26.29-282.5 ng/g and 34.49-262.4 ng/g, respectively. ∑DDT concentrations revealed a distinctive gradient, with significantly higher concentrations at Kosi Bay and Lake Sibaya attributed to the application of DDT for malaria control. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were the dominant isomers detected, but the detection of p,p'-DDT in a number of samples reflects recent inputs of technical DDT. Highest concentrations of HCH, endosulfan and heptachlor were detected in sediments from Mkhuze and reflect the substantial residue load these wetlands receive from agricultural activities within the catchment area. Isomeric compositions indicate that endosulfan and heptachlor residues are derived mainly from historical application, while inputs of HCH, aldrin and endrin could be attributed to more recent usage at several sites. OCP sediment concentrations from iSimangaliso represent the highest yet recorded in South Africa and some of the highest reported globally this century. Sediments found within the lakes and wetlands of iSimangaliso represent large reservoirs of contaminants that pose ecotoxicological threats to this globally important biodiversity hotspot. Detailed investigation into the bioaccumulation and toxicological risks of OCPs within the wetland park is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold Buah-Kwofie
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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31
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Saillenfait AM, Sabaté JP, Denis F, Antoine G, Robert A, Roudot AC, Ndiaye D, Eljarrat E. Evaluation of the effects of α-cypermethrin on fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Limon-Miro AT, Aldana-Madrid ML, Alvarez-Hernandez G, Antunez-Roman LE, Rodriguez-Olibarria G, Valencia Juillerat ME. Breast milk intake and mother to infant pesticide transfer measured by deuterium oxide dilution in agricultural and urban areas of Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:682-689. [PMID: 28476008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have increased pesticide use in urban areas (UA) and agricultural areas (AA) in Mexico. Breast milk can be contaminated by pesticide exposure. The objective of the study was to measure breast milk intake by deuterium oxide dilution as well as organochlorine and pyrethroid transfer from mother to infant in AA and UA of Sonora, Mexico. Human milk intake was determined by the 'dose-to-mother' technique using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution. Mothers' body composition was also assessed by this technique and the intercept method. Pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin) and organochlorine pesticide residues (p,p'- DDT, p,p'- DDE, p,p'- DDD) in breast milk samples were measured by gas chromatography. Sixty-two lactating women and their infants participated in the study, 32 lived in the UA and 30 lived in the AA. Breast milk intake was approximately 100 mL higher in the AA than in the UA 799 ± 193 and 707 ± 201 mL/day, respectively (p < 0.05). The concentrations of p,p'- DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA than in the AA (p < 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively). None of the pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides studied surpassed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in milk for humans according to EPA and FAO/WHO. In conclusion, breast milk intake was higher in the AA compared to the UA. The p,p'- DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA compared to the AA. Since pesticide levels in human milk did not exceed the ADI, breastfeeding is still a safe practice and should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro E Valencia Juillerat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Mexico; Department of Nutrition, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Marettova E, Maretta M, Legáth J. Effect of pyrethroids on female genital system. Review. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:132-138. [PMID: 28735887 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids have been associated with a range of toxicological effects on various organs in animals.Recent animal studies suggest that neurodevelopmental, reproductive, and immunological effects may result following exposure to some pyrethroids at levels below those that induce overt signs of neurotoxicity. A variety of pyrethroids and their metabolites have the potential to affect the reproductive system. Dose-dependent effects on reproduction are associated with exposure across pyrethroid types. In mammals, permethrin and tetramethrin and cypermethrin have been found to be associated with adverse effects at high doses. Fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, caused morphometric and structural changes in the female genital organs. These pyrethroids affect ovulation, cause atresia of follicles, decrease the number of follicular cells, oocytes and corpora lutea and induce vesicular atrophy of the endometrial glands. The potential hormonal activity of pyrethroids showed that certain pyrethroids and their metabolites have multiple effects on the endocrine system. The level of steroid hormones, such as progesterone and estradiol, was inhibited. The pyrethorids may have the potential to mimic estrogens or to inhibit estrogen action. Some metabolites of pyrethroids, in particular permethrin and cypermethrin, are more likely to interact with the cellular estrogen receptors than the parent pyrethroids. Though several pyrethroids posses low toxicity, some pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and bifenthrin have showed considerable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marettova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Milan Maretta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Quirós-Alcalá L, Lipsitt JM, Barr DB, Holland N, Bornman R, Eskenazi B. Levels and Determinants of DDT and DDE Exposure in the VHEMBE Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:077006. [PMID: 28696207 PMCID: PMC5744723 DOI: 10.1289/ehp353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) is an effective tool for malaria control, its use contributes to high insecticide exposure in sprayed communities and raises concerns about possible unintended health effects. OBJECTIVE The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort study initiated in 2012 to characterize prenatal exposure to IRS insecticides and exposures' impacts on child health and development in rural South Africa. METHODS In this report, we describe the VHEMBE cohort and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) serum concentrations measured in VHEMBE mothers when they presented for delivery. In addition, we applied a causal inference framework to estimate the potential reduction in population-level p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE serum concentrations under five hypothetical interventions. A total of 751 mothers were enrolled. RESULTS Serum concentrations of p,p' isomers of DDT and DDE were above the limit of detection (LOD) in ≥98% of the samples, whereas the o,p' isomers were above the LOD in at least 80% of the samples. Median (interquartile range) p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE serum concentrations for VHEMBE cohort participants were 55.3 (19.0-259.3) and 242.2 (91.8-878.7) ng/g-lipid, respectively. Mothers reporting to have lived in a home sprayed with DDT for malaria control had ~5-7 times higher p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE serum concentrations than those who never lived in a home sprayed with DDT. Of the five potential interventions tested, we found increasing access to water significantly reduced p,p'-DDT exposure and increasing the frequency of household wet mopping significantly reduced p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that several intervention approaches may reduce DDT/DDE exposure in pregnant women living in IRS communities. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser W Gaspar
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonah M Lipsitt
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies in Japan (third edition). J Dermatol 2017; 44:991-1014. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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THOMPSON LA, DARWISH WS, IKENAKA Y, NAKAYAMA SMM, MIZUKAWA H, ISHIZUKA M. Organochlorine pesticide contamination of foods in Africa: incidence and public health significance. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:751-764. [PMID: 28302941 PMCID: PMC5402199 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in Africa, for several decades. Although many are banned, several African countries still use OCPs especially for the prevention and control of malaria. OCPs are characterized by their bio-accumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they find their way into the human body. Despite no clear epidemiological studies confirming hazardous effects of these chemicals on human health, many studies have reported positive associations between the use of OCPs and neurological and reproductive disorders, and cancer risk. There is a clear gap in published reports on OCPs in Africa and their potential health hazards. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the incidence of OCP contamination in various foods in Africa, to demonstrate the potential transmission of these chemicals to people and to discuss their possible health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. THOMPSON
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Wageh Sobhy DARWISH
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shouta M. M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki MIZUKAWA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
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Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Bornman R, Crause M, Obida M, Barr DB, Bradman A, Bouwman H, Eskenazi B. Corrigendum to "Undisturbed dust as a metric of long-term indoor insecticide exposure: Residential DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying and its association with serum levels in the VHEMBE cohort" [Environ. Int. 85C (2015) 163-167]. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:778-783. [PMID: 27236616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although approximately 123 million people may be exposed to high levels of insecticides through the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, few studies exist on indoor insecticide contamination due to IRS and its relationship with human exposure. In the present study, we developed a sampling method to collect undisturbed dust from 50 homes in Limpopo, South Africa, a region where dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used in IRS programs to prevent malaria for ~70years. We quantified DDT and its degradation products, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) in dust samples to determine dust loading levels and compared these levels to paired serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in women residents. p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE had the highest detection frequencies in both dust (58% and 34% detection, respectively) and serum samples (100% detection). Significantly higher detection frequencies for o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD were observed in dust samples collected in buildings that had been previously sprayed for malaria control. We also observed a significant, positive association between dust loading and serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE (Spearman's rho=0.68 and 0.54, respectively). Despite the low detection frequency in dust, our results indicate that undisturbed dust may be a good metric to quantify long-term home exposure to DDT-related compounds and that contamination of the home environment may be an important determinant/source of DDT and DDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser W Gaspar
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Madelein Crause
- University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Henk Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Viljoen IM, Bornman R, Bouwman H. DDT exposure of frogs: A case study from Limpopo Province, South Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:335-341. [PMID: 27317939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are globally under pressure with environmental contaminants contributing to this. Despite caution aired more than 80 years ago of threats posed to amphibians by DDT spraying for disease vector control, no data have been published on concentrations or effects of DDT contamination in frogs from areas where DDT is actively sprayed to control the insect vectors of malaria. In this study, we sampled fat bodies of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus muelleri naturally occurring in an area where indoor residual spraying of DDT is employed and from adjacent, non-sprayed, areas. ΣDDT concentrations ranged between <LOQ and 280 ng/g ww (wet weight) from the non-sprayed area, and 5.5-910 ng/g ww from the sprayed area, but statistical significance could not be shown. We observed significant asymmetric testicular morphology in frogs from the sprayed area, possibly due to endocrine disruption by compounds such as the DDTs. A previous study from the same area found very high concentrations of DDT in the eggs of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea. This suggests that the DDT we found in frogs may have contributed to DDT loadings higher in the food web. These findings, combined with other studies from this area, support the need to reduce and eventually move away from DDT in malaria control safely and sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius M Viljoen
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; SA Medical Research Council Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Riana Bornman
- SA Medical Research Council Centre & University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control (MRC & UP CSMC), School of Health, Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Gaspar FW, Chevrier J, Bornman R, Crause M, Obida M, Barr DB, Bradman A, Bouwman H, Eskenazi B. Undisturbed dust as a metric of long-term indoor insecticide exposure: Residential DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying and its association with serum levels in the VHEMBE cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:163-7. [PMID: 26398044 PMCID: PMC6150712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although approximately 123 million people may be exposed to high levels of insecticides through the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, few studies exist on indoor insecticide contamination due to IRS and its relationship with human exposure. In the present study, we developed a sampling method to collect undisturbed dust from 50 homes in Limpopo, South Africa, a region where dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used in IRS programs to prevent malaria for ~70years. We quantified DDT and its degradation products, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) in dust samples to determine dust loading levels and compared these levels to paired serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in women residents. p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE had the highest detection frequencies in both dust (58% and 34% detection, respectively) and serum samples (98% and 100% detection, respectively). Significantly higher detection frequencies for o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD were observed in dust samples collected in buildings that had been previously sprayed for malaria control. We also observed a significant, positive association between dust loading and serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE (Spearman's rho=0.68 and 0.54, respectively). Despite the low detection frequency in dust, our results indicate that undisturbed dust may be a good metric to quantify long-term home exposure to DDT-related compounds and that contamination of the home environment may be an important determinant/source of DDT and DDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser W Gaspar
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Madelein Crause
- University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Henk Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Aulakh RS, Kaur P. Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab, India: Spatial Variation and Risk Assessment to Human Health. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 69:230-240. [PMID: 26008642 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in bovine milk (n = 312) from Punjab, India, showed chlorpyrifos, DDT, and γ-HCH as the predominant contaminants. In addition, the presence of β-endosulfan, endosulfan suphate, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, malathion, profenofos, and ethion was reported in milk samples. In this study, it was observed that 12 milk samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for γ-HCH (lindane), 18 for DDT and chlorpyrifos, and 1 sample each for endosulfan, cypermethrin, and profenophos. In India, DDT is still permitted for a malaria control program, which may be the plausible reason for its occurrence in milk samples. The spatial variation for presence of pesticide residues in milk indicated greater levels in cotton-growing areas of Punjab. At current levels of pesticide residues in bovine milk, the human health risk assessment in terms of noncancer and cancer hazard was calculated based on both lower-bound [LB (mean residue levels)] and upper-bound [UP (95th percentile level)] limits. It was noticed that cancer and noncancer risk were within United States Environmental Protection Agency prescribed limits for both adults and children at the LB, but children were being exposed to greater risk for DDT and HCH at the 95th-percentile UB level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India,
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Saillenfait AM, Ndiaye D, Sabaté JP. Pyrethroids: Exposure and health effects – An update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:281-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teeyapant P, Ramchiun S, Polputpisatkul D, Uttawichai C, Parnmen S. Serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides p,p'-DDE in adult Thai residents with background levels of exposure. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:121-7. [PMID: 24418716 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In Thailand, DDT was banned for agriculture use in 1983 and for malaria vector control in 1999. However, contamination by DDT and its primary metabolite, p,p'-DDE remains serious environmental and human health concerns. The main focus of this study were i) to investigate serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT as exposure biomarkers for potential adverse health effect in adult Thai residents and ii) to compare the associations of BMI, thyroid hormones, cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting blood sugar levels in human serum with the concentrations of these pesticides. In a total of 1,137 participants were measured blood serum for analyses of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT. The geometric mean concentration (95% confidence interval) for serum total p,p'-DDE concentration was 1,539 (1,242-1,837) ng/g lipid and 1,547 (1,293-1,806) ng/g lipid in adult males and females, respectively. Furthermore, the total amount of serum p,p'-DDE concentration significantly correlated with plasma glucose levels. Neither p,p'-DDE nor p,p'-DDT was significantly associated with serum thyroid hormones levels. Additionally, the high p,p'-DDE/DDT ratio indicates that the exposure is due past rather than recent use of DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punthip Teeyapant
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
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Whitworth KW, Bornman RMS, Archer JI, Kudumu MO, Travlos GS, Wilson RE, Longnecker MP. Predictors of plasma DDT and DDE concentrations among women exposed to indoor residual spraying for malaria control in the South African Study of Women and Babies (SOWB). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:545-52. [PMID: 24577839 PMCID: PMC4048257 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined predictors of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) levels among residents in homes sprayed with DDT for malaria control with the aim of identifying exposure-reduction strategies. METHODS The present analysis included 381 women enrolled in the Study of Women and Babies (SOWB) during 2010-2011, from eight South African villages in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) occurred in half of the villages. Questionnaires regarding various demographic and medical factors were administered and blood samples were obtained. We classified the women into three exposure groups by type of residence: unsprayed village (n = 175), IRS village in household with a low likelihood of DDT use (non-DDT IRS household, n = 106), IRS village in household with a high likelihood of DDT use (DDT IRS household, n = 100). We used multivariable models of natural log-transformed DDT plasma levels (in micrograms per liter) and DDE (in micrograms per liter) to identify predictors for each group. RESULTS Median levels of DDT and DDE among women in unsprayed villages were 0.3 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.1-0.9] and 1.7 (IQR: 0.7-5.5), respectively. Median levels of DDT and DDE among women in DDT IRS households were 2.6 (IQR: 1.1-6.6) and 8.5 (IQR: 4.7-18.0), respectively. In unsprayed villages, women with water piped to the yard, rather than a public tap, had 73% lower DDT (95% CI: -83, -57%) and 61% lower DDE (95% CI: -74, -40%) levels. In DDT IRS households, women who reported taking more than six actions to prepare their home before IRS (e.g., covering water and food) had 40% lower DDT levels (95% CI: -63, -0.3%) than women who took fewer than four actions. CONCLUSION The predictors of DDT and DDE plasma levels identified in the present study may inform interventions aimed at decreasing exposure. Among households where DDT is likely to be used for IRS, education regarding home preparations may provide an interventional target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina W Whitworth
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, San Antonio Regional Campus, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Cao Z, Cui Y, Nguyen HM, Jenkins DP, Wulff H, Pessah IN. Nanomolar bifenthrin alters synchronous Ca2+ oscillations and cortical neuron development independent of sodium channel activity. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:630-9. [PMID: 24482397 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifenthrin, a relatively stable type I pyrethroid that causes tremors and impairs motor activity in rodents, is broadly used. We investigated whether nanomolar bifenthrin alters synchronous Ca(2+) oscillations (SCOs) necessary for activity-dependent dendritic development. Primary mouse cortical neurons were cultured 8 or 9 days in vitro (DIV), loaded with the Ca(2+) indicator Fluo-4, and imaged using a Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader Tetra. Acute exposure to bifenthrin rapidly increased the frequency of SCOs by 2.7-fold (EC50 = 58 nM) and decreased SCO amplitude by 36%. Changes in SCO properties were independent of modifications in voltage-gated sodium channels since 100 nM bifenthrin had no effect on the whole-cell Na(+) current, nor did it influence neuronal resting membrane potential. The L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine failed to ameliorate bifenthrin-triggered SCO activity. By contrast, the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)5 antagonist MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine] normalized bifenthrin-triggered increase in SCO frequency without altering baseline SCO activity, indicating that bifenthrin amplifies mGluR5 signaling independent of Na(+) channel modification. Competitive [AP-5; (-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid] and noncompetitive (dizocilpine, or MK-801 [(5S,10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate]) N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists partially decreased both basal and bifenthrin-triggered SCO frequency increase. Bifenthrin-modified SCO rapidly enhanced the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Subacute (48 hours) exposure to bifenthrin commencing 2 DIV-enhanced neurite outgrowth and persistently increased SCO frequency and reduced SCO amplitude. Bifenthrin-stimulated neurite outgrowth and CREB phosphorylation were dependent on mGluR5 activity since MPEP normalized both responses. Collectively these data identify a new mechanism by which bifenthrin potently alters Ca(2+) dynamics and Ca(2+)-dependent signaling in cortical neurons that have long term impacts on activity driven neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., I.N.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.M.N., D.P.J., H.W.), University of California Davis, Davis, California
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Sun H, Chen W, Xu X, Ding Z, Chen X, Wang X. Pyrethroid and their metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid showed similar (anti)estrogenic activity in human and rat estrogen receptor α-mediated reporter gene assays. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:371-7. [PMID: 24388911 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are commonly used as pesticides which are suspected as endocrine disruptors in many studies; however, still we do not know their effects on different species. To compare their effects on human estrogen receptor (hERα) and rat estrogen receptor (rERα), we developed a hERα and rERα mediated luciferase reporter assay to investigate the (anti)estrogenic activities of three frequently used pyrethroids (fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin) and their metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). All three pyrethroids significantly induced expression of the luciferase, while none of them were antagonistic to 1 nM E₂ mediated induction. Interestingly, 3-PBA, showed antagonist activity by decreasing the effect of 1 nM E₂ to 55.12% in hERα assay and to 45.12% in rERα assay. Our results firstly demonstrated that pyrethroids and 3-PBA showed similar response in the hERα and rERα mediated reporter gene assay, which indicated that data derived from reporter gene assay or other receptor mediated assay systems with rat ER system might be used to predict to estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects to human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210009, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Young HA, Meeker JD, Martenies SE, Figueroa ZI, Barr DB, Perry MJ. Environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm sex chromosome disomy: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2013; 12:111. [PMID: 24345058 PMCID: PMC3929259 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of environmental pesticide exposures, such as pyrethroids, and their relationship to sperm abnormalities are not well understood. This study investigated whether environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with altered frequency of sperm sex chromosome disomy in adult men. METHODS A sample of 75 subjects recruited through a Massachusetts infertility clinic provided urine and semen samples. Individual exposures were measured as urinary concentrations of three pyrethroid metabolites ((3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis- and trans- 3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-1-methylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (CDCCA and TDCCA)). Multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY, 1818, and total sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between aneuploidy rates and pyrethroid metabolites while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Between 25-56% of the sample were above the limit of detection (LOD) for the pyrethroid metabolites. All sex chromosome disomies were increased by 7-30% when comparing men with CDCCA and TDCCA levels above the LOD to those below the LOD. For 3PBA, compared to those below the LOD, those above the LOD had YY18 disomy rates 1.28 times higher (95% CI: 1.15, 1.42) whereas a reduced rate was seen for XY18 and total disomy (IRR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.87; IRR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87-0.97), and no association was seen for XX18 and 1818. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that urinary concentrations of CDCCA and TDCCA above the LOD were associated with increased rates of aneuploidy. However the findings for 3BPA were not consistent. This is the first study to examine these relationships, and replication of our findings is needed before the association between pyrethroid metabolites and aneuploidy can be fully defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Zaida I Figueroa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melissa J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Humphries MS. DDT residue contamination in sediments from Lake Sibaya in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for conservation in a World Heritage Site. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1494-1499. [PMID: 23972730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Maputaland in northern KwaZulu-Natal is a biodiversity hotspot and host to a number of ecologically important systems, including Lake Sibaya, southern Africa's largest natural freshwater lake. The region is malaria endemic and this study reports the presence of DDT and its metabolites in the sediments of Lake Sibaya that have resulted from the widespread and continued use of DDT in the region. DDT residues (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) were detected at all 11 sites sampled, with total concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 123 ng g(-1). Total DDT concentrations at Lake Sibaya represent some of the highest levels reported in South Africa, with most samples exceeding sediment quality guideline values. The findings from this study raise concerns and indicate that urgent further work is needed to investigate the potential for bioaccumulation, which could adversely affect breeding fish, bird, and crocodile populations in the region. While this study represents the first report on DDT contamination in Lake Sibaya, results have important implications for a number of other aquatic ecosystems within the Maputaland ecoregion, as well as the many local people who depend on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Humphries
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
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Yadava N, Schneider SS, Jerry DJ, Kim C. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mammary carcinogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:75-87. [PMID: 23269521 PMCID: PMC3581737 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-012-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a key role in meeting energetic demands of cells by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here, we have briefly discussed (a) the dynamic relationship that exists among glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and OxPhos; (b) the evidence of impaired OxPhos (i.e. mitochondrial dysfunction) in breast cancer; (c) the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction can predispose to cancer; and (d) the effects of host and environmental factors that can negatively affect mitochondrial function. We propose that impaired OxPhos could increase susceptibility to breast cancer via suppression of the p53 pathway, which plays a critical role in preventing tumorigenesis. OxPhos is sensitive to a large number of factors intrinsic to the host (e.g. inflammation) as well as environmental exposures (e.g. pesticides, herbicides and other compounds). Polymorphisms in over 143 genes can also influence the OxPhos system. Therefore, declining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with age due to host and environmental exposures could be a common mechanism predisposing to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01107, USA.
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Bouwman H, Kylin H, Sereda B, Bornman R. High levels of DDT in breast milk: intake, risk, lactation duration, and involvement of gender. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 170:63-70. [PMID: 22766005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated presence and levels of DDT in 163 breast milk samples from four South African villages where, in three of them, malaria is controlled with DDT-sprayed indoors. Mean ΣDDT levels in breast milk were 18, 11, and 9.5 mg/kg mf (milk fat) from the three DDT-sprayed villages, respectively, including the highest ΣDDT level ever reported for breast milk from South Africa (140 mg/kg mf). Understanding the causes for these differences would be informative for exposure reduction intervention. The Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) for DDT by infants, and the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) were significantly exceeded. DDT had no effect on duration of lactation. There were indications (not significant) from DDT-sprayed villages that first-born female infants drink milk with more ΣDDT than first-born male infants, and vice versa for multipara male and female infants, suggesting gender involvement on levels of DDT in breast milk - requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Bouwman
- School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Alonso MB, Feo ML, Corcellas C, Vidal LG, Bertozzi CP, Marigo J, Secchi ER, Bassoi M, Azevedo AF, Dorneles PR, Torres JPM, Lailson-Brito J, Malm O, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Pyrethroids: a new threat to marine mammals? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 47:99-106. [PMID: 22796891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study constitutes the first investigation to demonstrate pyrethroid bioaccumulation in marine mammals, despite the assumption that these insecticides are converted to non-toxic metabolites by hydrolysis in mammals. Twelve pyrethroids were determined in liver samples from 23 male franciscana dolphins from Brazil. The median concentration values for total pyrethroids were 7.04 and 68.4 ng/g lw in adults and calves, respectively. Permethrin was the predominant compound, contributing for 55% of the total pyrethroids. Results showed a distinct metabolic balance of pyrethroids through dolphin life. High loads are received at the beginning of their lives and, when they reach sexual maturity, these mammals seem to degrade/metabolize pyrethroids. Maternal transfer of these compounds was also evaluated through the analysis of breast milk and placenta samples. Pyrethroids were detected in both matrices, with values between 2.53-4.77 ng/g lw and 331-1812 ng/g lw, respectively. Therefore, for the first time, a study shows mother-to-calf transfer of pyrethroids by both gestational and lactation pathways in dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Alonso
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca-LREPF, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho-IBCCF, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Brazil
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