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Brazhnikov G, Smolnikov E, Litovkina A, Jiang T, Shatilov A, Tulaeva I, Tulaev M, Karaulov A, Poroshina A, Zhernov Y, Focke‐Tejkl M, Weber M, Akinfenwa O, Elisyutina O, Andreev S, Shilovskiy I, Shershakova N, Smirnov V, Fedenko E, Lepeshkova TS, Beltyukov EC, Naumova VV, Kundi M, Khaitov M, Wiedermann U, Valenta R, Campana R. Natural human Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies recognize non-conformational epitopes whereas IgE reacts with conformational epitopes. Allergy 2023; 78:3136-3153. [PMID: 37701941 PMCID: PMC10952721 DOI: 10.1111/all.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of epitopes on Bet v 1 recognized by natural IgG antibodies of birch pollen allergic patients and birch pollen-exposed but non-sensitized subjects has not been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE To investigate IgE and IgG recognition of Bet v 1 and to study the effects of natural Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies on IgE recognition of Bet v 1 and Bet v 1-induced basophil activation. METHODS Sera from birch pollen allergic patients (BPA, n = 76), allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (NBPA, n = 40) and non-allergic individuals (NA, n = 48) were tested for IgE, IgG as well as IgG1 and IgG4 reactivity to folded recombinant Bet v 1, two unfolded recombinant Bet v 1 fragments comprising the N-terminal (F1) and C-terminal half of Bet v 1 (F2) and unfolded peptides spanning the corresponding sequences of Bet v 1 and the apple allergen Mal d 1 by ELISA or micro-array analysis. The ability of Bet v 1-specific serum antibodies from non-allergic subjects to inhibit allergic patients IgE or IgG binding to rBet v 1 or to unfolded Bet v 1-derivatives was assessed by competition ELISAs. Furthermore, the ability of serum antibodies from allergic and non-allergic subjects to modulate Bet v 1-induced basophil activation was investigated using rat basophilic leukaemia cells expressing the human FcεRI which had been loaded with IgE from BPA patients. RESULTS IgE antibodies from BPA patients react almost exclusively with conformational epitopes whereas IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies from BPA, NBPA and NA subjects recognize mainly unfolded and sequential epitopes. IgG competition studies show that IgG specific for unfolded/sequential Bet v 1 epitopes is not inhibited by folded Bet v 1 and hence the latter seem to represent cryptic epitopes. IgG reactivity to Bet v 1 peptides did not correlate with IgG reactivity to the corresponding Mal d 1 peptides and therefore does not seem to be a result of primary sensitization to PR10 allergen-containing food. Natural Bet v 1-specific IgG antibodies inhibited IgE binding to Bet v 1 only poorly and could even enhance Bet v 1-specific basophil activation. CONCLUSION IgE and IgG antibodies from BPA patients and birch pollen-exposed non-sensitized subjects recognize different epitopes. These findings explain why natural allergen-specific IgG do not protect against allergic symptoms and suggest that allergen-specific IgE and IgG have different clonal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Brazhnikov
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Evgenii Smolnikov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Alla Litovkina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tianchi Jiang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Artem Shatilov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Mikhail Tulaev
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Alina Poroshina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Yury Zhernov
- F. Erismann Institute of Public HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Milena Weber
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Department of Immunology, Institute of MedicineRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Sergey Andreev
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Igor Shilovskiy
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Nadezhda Shershakova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Valeriy Smirnov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | - Elena Fedenko
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
| | | | - Evgeny Cronidovich Beltyukov
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and ImmunologyUral State Medical UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Veronika Victorovna Naumova
- Department of Faculty Therapy, Endocrinology, Allergology and ImmunologyUral State Medical UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology Federal Medical‐Biological Agency of RussiaMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologyI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Qurashi TA, Shah A, Bhat GA, Khan MS, Rasool R, Mudassar S. Atopy in Kashmir-validation from a case control study with respect to IgE and Interleukin genes. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 17:119. [PMID: 34814942 PMCID: PMC8609820 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased levels of serum Immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and different genetic variants of cytokines are common biochemical manifestation in Allergy. The current study was aimed to study the association of IgE and different variants of Interleukin-4 (IL-4), and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) genes with different kind of allergies. METHODS A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect all the dietary, life style and clinical details by a trained staff. A blood sample of 2 ml each was collected in coagulated and anti-coagulated vials. DNA and serum samples were extracted and stored until further use. Serum IgE were estimated by ELISA while as the genotypic analysis was done by PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS Statistically a significant difference of serum IgE levels were observed among cases and controls (P < 0.05). The observed significant difference of serum IgE levels were retained among subjects who also harboured variant genotypes of IL-4 and IL-13 genes (P < 0.05). Additionally, the above genetic variants significantly modified the risk of allergy when stratification was done based on various clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that increased IgE levels and in association with variant forms of IL-4 and IL-13 genes are significantly associated with different types of allergies in study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ashraf Qurashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Aaliya Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Mosin Saleem Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, SKIMS, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Syed Mudassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, 190011, India.
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Gheerbrant H, Guillien A, Vernet R, Lupinek C, Pison C, Pin I, Demenais F, Nadif R, Bousquet J, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Bouzigon E, Siroux V. Associations between specific IgE sensitization to 26 respiratory allergen molecules and HLA class II alleles in the EGEA cohort. Allergy 2021; 76:2575-2586. [PMID: 33742477 DOI: 10.1111/all.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy, the most frequent immune disorder affecting 30% of the world's population, is the consequence of immunoglobin E (IgE) sensitization to allergens. Among the genetic factors suspected to be involved in allergy, the HLA class-II genomic region is a strong candidate. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between HLA class-II alleles and specific IgE (sIgE) sensitization to a large number of respiratory allergen molecules. METHODS The analysis relied on 927 participants of the EGEA cohort, including 497 asthmatics. The study focuses on 26 aeroallergens recognized by sIgE in at least 5% of the study population (determined with the MEDALL chip with sIgE ≥ 0.3 ISU) and 23 imputed HLA class-II alleles. For each sIgE sensitization and HLA class-II allele, we fitted a logistic regression model accounting for familial dependence and adjusted for gender, age, and genetic principal components. p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons (False Discovery Rate). RESULTS Most of the 19 statistically significant associations observed regard pollen allergens (mugwort Art v 1, olive tree Ole e 1, timothy grass Phl p 2, Phl p 5 and plantain Pla l 1), three were mold allergen (Alternaria Alt a 1), and a single one regards house dust mite allergen (Der p 7). No association was observed with pet allergens. The strongest associations were found with mugwort Art v 1 (OR = 5.42 (95%CI, 3.30; 8.88), 4.14 (2.65; 6.47), 3.16 (1.88; 5.31) with DQB1*05:01, DQA1*01:01 and DRB1*01:01, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results support the important role of HLA class-II alleles as immune response genes predisposing their carriers for sensitization to various major pollen allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Gheerbrant
- Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie Physiologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Inserm CNRS IAB Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Alicia Guillien
- Inserm CNRS IAB Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Raphaël Vernet
- UMRS 1124 INSERM Group of Genomic Epidemiology of Multifactorial Diseases Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christophe Pison
- Service Hospitalier Universitaire Pneumologie Physiologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Inserm 1055 Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée Grenoble France
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Inserm CNRS IAB Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
- Department of Pediatrics Grenoble‐Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Florence Demenais
- UMRS 1124 INSERM Group of Genomic Epidemiology of Multifactorial Diseases Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Université Paris‐Saclay UVSQ Univ. Paris‐Sud Inserm Équipe d'Épidémiologie respiratoire intégrative CESP Villejuif France
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital and Inserm Montpellier France
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Laboratory for Immunopathology Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
| | - Emmanuelle Bouzigon
- UMRS 1124 INSERM Group of Genomic Epidemiology of Multifactorial Diseases Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Inserm CNRS IAB Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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Qurashi TA, Bhat GA, Khan MS, Rasool R, Sameen F, Hassan I, Mudassar S. Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 4 receptor alpha gene variants and risk of atopy - A case control study based assessment. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108783. [PMID: 34129931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL4 pathway is known to upregulate IgE mediated immune responses and responsible for the manifestation of Atopic disorders. The current study was aimed to elucidate the genetic variations of Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4R) genes and their possible association with atopic subjects. METHODS The well-designed questionnaire was used to collect the subject demographic and clinical details. Biochemical parameters were analysed using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA) technique. The genotyping was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS We observed a statistically significant difference of serum Immunoglobulin-E (IgE) levels among cases and controls (P<0.05). Subjects harbouring the variant genotypes of I50V and Q576R single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL4R gene showed statistically differential risk towards atopic disorders. However, the variants genotype of 70 bp VNTR polymorphism in IL4 gene showed a protective role towards in predisposition to Atopy. On stratification, the above genetic variants had a significant impact on modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with the disease. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that increased IgE levels and IL4 gene variants (I50V and Q576R) are significantly associated towards predisposition to allergic disorders in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Ashraf Qurashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India
| | - Mosin Saleem Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India
| | - Farah Sameen
- Department of Dermatology, SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, 190018, J&K, India
| | - Iffat Hassan
- Department of Dermatology & Venereal Diseases, Govt. Medical College Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Karan Nagar, 190010, J&K, India
| | - Syed Mudassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, 190011, J&K, India.
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An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050418. [PMID: 34065166 PMCID: PMC8160978 DOI: 10.3390/children8050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies of the IgG4 isotype are strongly associated with allergic disease but have several properties such as not precipitating with allergens, not activating complement and poor binding to Fcγ receptors that argue against a pro-inflammatory role. In keeping with that, IgG4 antibodies are a striking feature of the response to immunotherapy. In two naturally occurring situations IgG4 antibodies are common with low or absent IgE antibodies. The first example is children raised in a house with a cat and the second is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In many population-based cohorts, the ownership of a cat in early childhood is associated with a decreased prevalence of a cat allergy at age 10. The second example (i.e., EoE) is a novel form of food allergy that is not mediated by IgE and is related to consuming cow’s milk or wheat. In EoE, patients have IgG4 to milk proteins in high > 10 µg/mL or very high > 100 µg/mL titers. Enigmatically these patients are found to have deposits of IgG4 in the wall of their inflamed esophagus. The factors that have given rise to EoE remain unclear; however, changes in food processing over the past 50 years, particularly ultra-heat treatment and the high pressure homogenization of milk, represent a logical hypothesis.
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Lupinek C, Hochwallner H, Johansson C, Mie A, Rigler E, Scheynius A, Alm J, Valenta R. Maternal allergen-specific IgG might protect the child against allergic sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:536-548. [PMID: 30685457 PMCID: PMC6689269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of allergen-specific IgE responses in birth cohorts with microarrayed allergens has provided detailed information regarding the evolution of specific IgE responses in children. High-resolution data regarding early development of allergen-specific IgG are needed. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze IgG reactivity to microarrayed allergens in mothers during pregnancy, in cord blood samples, in breast milk, and in infants in the first years of life with the aim to investigate whether maternal allergen-specific IgG can protect against IgE sensitization in the offspring. METHODS Plasma samples from mothers during the third trimester, cord blood, breast milk collected 2 months after delivery, and plasma samples from children at 6, 12, and 60 months of age were analyzed for IgG reactivity to 164 microarrayed allergens (ImmunoCAP ISAC technology) in 99 families of the Swedish birth cohort Assessment of Lifestyle and Allergic Disease During Infancy (ALADDIN). IgE sensitizations to microarrayed allergens were determined at 5 years of age in the children. RESULTS Allergen-specific IgG reactivity profiles in mothers, cord blood, and breast milk were highly correlated. Maternal allergen-specific IgG persisted in some children at 6 months. Children's allergen-specific IgG production occurred at 6 months and reflected allergen exposure. Children who were IgE sensitized against an allergen at 5 years of age had significantly higher allergen-specific IgG levels than nonsensitized children. For all 164 tested allergens, children from mothers with increased (>30 ISAC standardized units) specific plasma IgG levels against an allergen had no IgE sensitizations against that allergen at 5 years of age. CONCLUSION This is the first detailed analysis of the molecular IgG recognition profile in mothers and their children in early life. High allergen-specific IgG reactivity in the mother's plasma and breast milk and in cord blood seemed to protect against allergic sensitization at 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidrun Hochwallner
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catharina Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Mie
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Rigler
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Scheynius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Alm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Neunkirchner A, Kratzer B, Köhler C, Smole U, Mager LF, Schmetterer KG, Trapin D, Leb-Reichl V, Rosloniec E, Naumann R, Kenner L, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Genetic restriction of antigen-presentation dictates allergic sensitization and disease in humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:66-78. [PMID: 29678672 PMCID: PMC6014064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-associated allergies result from misguided immune responses against innocuous antigens. CD4+ T lymphocytes are critical for initiating and perpetuating that process, yet the crucial factors determining whether an individual becomes sensitized towards a given allergen remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the key factors for sensitization and allergy towards a given allergen. METHODS We here created a novel human T cell receptor(TCR) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1 (TCR-DR1) transgenic mouse model of asthma, based on the human-relevant major mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) pollen allergen Art v 1 to examine the critical factors for sensitization and allergy upon natural allergen exposure via the airways in the absence of systemic priming and adjuvants. RESULTS Acute allergen exposure led to IgE-independent airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and T helper(Th)2-prone lung inflammation in TCR-DR1, but not DR1, TCR or wildtype (WT) control mice, that was alleviated by prophylactic interleukin(IL)-2-αIL-2 mAb complex-induced expansion of Tregs. Chronic allergen exposure sensitized one third of single DR1 transgenic mice, however, without impacting on lung function. Similar treatment led to AHR and Th2-driven lung pathology in >90% of TCR-DR1 mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic expansion of Tregs with IL-2-αIL-2 mAb complexes blocked the generation and boosting of allergen-specific IgE associated with chronic allergen exposure. CONCLUSIONS We identify genetic restriction of allergen presentation as primary factor dictating allergic sensitization and disease against the major pollen allergen from the weed mugwort, which frequently causes sensitization and disease in humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the balance between allergen-specific T effector and Treg cells for modulating allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas F Mager
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Edward Rosloniec
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 38104, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Gattinger P, van Hage M, Flicker S, Linhart B, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Eckl-Dorna J, Lupinek C, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Mittermann I, Garib V, Khaitov M, Valent P, Pickl WF. Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy. Adv Immunol 2018; 138:195-256. [PMID: 29731005 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens. Thirty years ago the first allergen-encoding cDNAs have been isolated. In the meantime, the structures of most of the allergens relevant for disease in humans have been solved. Here we provide an update regarding what has been learned through the use of defined allergen molecules (i.e., molecular allergology) and about mechanisms of allergic disease in humans. We focus on new insights gained regarding the process of sensitization to allergens, allergen-specific secondary immune responses, and mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation and discuss open questions. We then show how molecular forms of diagnosis and specific immunotherapy are currently revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients and how allergen-specific approaches may be used for the preventive eradication of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Resch-Marat
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lama M, Chatterjee M, Chaudhuri TK. A study of the association of childhood asthma with HLA alleles in the population of Siliguri, West Bengal, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:316-20. [PMID: 24962747 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease for which a strong genetic basis is firmly established. It is a complex disorder influenced by gene-environment interaction. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been shown to be consistently associated with asthma and its related phenotypes in various populations. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the selected HLA classes I and II allelic groups in asthmatic and control groups. HLA typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific typing (PCR-SSP) method. The allele frequency was estimated by direct counting. Frequency of each HLA allelic group was compared between asthmatic group and control group using χ(2) test. P-value was corrected by multiplying with the number of the allelic groups studied. Odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for each allelic group were calculated using graphpad instat 3.10. The results of this study showed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 in asthmatics than in controls (11.43% vs 3.64%, OR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.61-8.85, P = 0.0025, Pcorr < 0.05). Analysis of HLA alleles in low and high total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in asthmatics revealed no significant association. HLA-DRB1*03 may be implicated in the susceptibility to asthma in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lama
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a potentially blinding disease characterized by a bilateral chronic keratoconjunctivitis associated with atopic dermatitis. The disease usually manifests as severe itching and burning, excessive tearing, foreign body sensation, and mucoid discharge. The clinical characteristics of AKC show a broad spectrum including lid dermatitis, chronic blepharitis, cicatrizing conjunctivitis with fornix foreshortening and symblepharon formation, punctate epithelial keratitis, persistent epithelial defects, corneal scarring and neovascularization, lipid keratopathy, conjunctivalization of peripheral cornea, and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanism in AKC involves a combination of type-I IgE-mediated, and type-IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions. The immunoregulatory defect responsible for the overproduction of allergen-specific IgE antibody, the key component responsible for antigen binding, and subsequent mast cell degranulation, is probably multifactorial. The histopathologic characteristics of the conjunctiva in AKC include a mast cell and eosinophil invasion of the epithelium, epithelial pseudotubule formation, and prominent mast cell and mononuclear cell infiltration of the substantia propria. A number of ocular conditions have been reported to be associated with AKC, including keratoconus, herpes simplex keratitis, and cataracts. Successful long-term control of this potentially blinding disease requires a multidisciplinary approach involving systemic and environmental aspects. Scrupulous long-term environmental control of allergens is the single most important aspect in the management of patients with AKC. Systemic anti-histamine therapy, and long-term topical mast cell stabilizing therapy are also mandatory. Topical steroids should be reserved for exacerbations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Akova
- Immunology & Uveitis Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Thomas WR. The advent of recombinant allergens and allergen cloning. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:855-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rajagopalan G, Tilahun AY, Iijima K, David CS, Kita H, Juhn YJ. HLA-DR polymorphism modulates response to house dust mites in a transgenic mouse model of airway inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 77:589-92. [PMID: 21447115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We and others have reported that HLA-DRB1*03 is associated with childhood asthma. To extend this observation and to prove this association, we sensitized and challenged either HLA-DR2 (HLA-DRB1*1502) or HLA-DR3 (HLA-DRB1*0301) transgenic mice with house-dust mite extract. Inflammatory cell counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid between HLA-DR3 and DR2 mice were compared. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice had significantly elevated eosinophil counts, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 levels in the BAL fluid but not interferron gamma-γ. Thus, our study suggests that HLA-DRB1*0301 plays an important role in mounting a Th2-predominant immune response to house dust mite and Th2-type inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Misiak RT, Wegienka G, Zoratti E. Are specific allergen sensitivities inherited? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:336-9. [PMID: 20574668 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A family history of an allergic condition is a well-accepted risk factor for the development of an allergic condition in an individual, particularly for allergic disorders such as asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis. However, the question of whether specific allergen sensitization is inherited requires a complicated answer, as environmental exposure plays an important role in the development of allergen-specific IgE. This article summarizes the findings of recent studies in the literature regarding what is known about the inheritance of specific allergens. Overall, properly collected and analyzed data appear to both support and refute the hypothesis that specific allergen sensitization is inherited, even when attempting to account for the complexities of varying study methodologies and the evaluation of diverse populations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tawil Misiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place 4B, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Martyn MB, Molis W, Jacobson RM, Poland GA, Weaver AL, Juhn YJ. Human leukocyte antigen type and progression from onset of symptoms to development of asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2010; 31:120-5. [PMID: 20214848 PMCID: PMC7368177 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2010.31.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes on the progression of asthma, from the initial onset of symptoms to when criteria for asthma are met. Study subjects were a subsample (n = 340) of 838 healthy children, aged 5-12 years, who participated in a previous study, and who had HLA data and asthma status. The duration in time from the initial onset of asthma symptoms documented in each subject's medical records to the index date when the subject first met criteria for asthma was determined. The time duration was compared between carriers and noncarriers of HLA genes of interest of the 340 original subjects with HLA data available, 114 children (33.5%) met criteria for asthma before 18 years of age. The median ages at onset of asthma symptoms and at the index date of asthma were 4.4 years and 7.2 years, respectively. The median time intervals between onset of symptoms and index date for HLA DRB1*11 carriers and noncarriers were 552 versus 61 days, respectively (p = 0.004). The same time intervals for HLA DQB1*0301 carriers and noncarriers were 420 versus 59 days, respectively (p = 0.012). However, HLA DQB1*0302 or DRB1*03 carriers had shorter median intervals, when compared with noncarriers (119 versus 266 days, respectively, p = 0.20; and 86 versus 258 days, respectively, p = 0.38) but they did not reach statistical significance. HLA type appears to influence the progression of asthma from initial symptoms to disease. Thus, genetic factors may affect the natural history of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitney Molis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert M. Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory A. Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy L. Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Young J. Juhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Misiak RT, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Zoratti EM. Specific allergic sensitization in parents and their 18-year-old offspring in the Suburban Detroit Childhood Allergy Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1401-6.e2. [PMID: 19409605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic sensitization is increased among offspring of sensitized parents. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate whether 18-year-old offspring are likely to have the same allergic sensitizations as their parents. METHODS Eighteen-year-old participants in an unselected birth cohort and their parents were tested for total and increased (>0.35 kU/L) levels of allergen-specific IgE to 6 allergens: Dermatophagoides farinae, dog, cat, grass, ragweed, and Alternaria alternata. RESULTS In 316 parent-teen triads parental sensitization to any of 6 allergens was associated with teen sensitization to any of those same allergens. An increased risk of matched sensitization (ie, a teen has an increased risk of being sensitized to the same specific allergen as their parent) was found after adjusting for the spouse's sensitivities and adjusting for other allergens (ie, the parent had an allergic sensitization but not to the particular allergen under analysis). Risk of maternal matched sensitization with their teen to cat (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.5), grass (aOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.2), and A alternata (aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.5) was increased when compared with that seen in teens without parental allergen-specific sensitization. Similarly, a higher than expected risk of paternal matched sensitization with their teen to dog (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.9), D farinae (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.1), and grass (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9) was observed. CONCLUSION Parental allergen-specific IgE increases the likelihood of sensitization to the same allergen in young adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tawil Misiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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16
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Erel F, Gulec M, Caliskaner Z, Ozturk S, Kartal O, Acikel C, Karaayvaz M. Is allergenic similarity predictable in respiratory allergies? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2008; 36:59-65. [PMID: 18479656 DOI: 10.1157/13120389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First degree relatives of patients with allergic diseases are at increased risk of having the disorder. However, it is not clear whether two such related patients with allergic diseases are sensitive to the same antigens or not. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study to determine whether or not first degree relatives with respiratory allergies are more likely to be skin test positive to the same allergen extracts as unrelated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Skin test results for 35 common aeroallergens were compared in 264 pairs of genetically related subjects and 264 pairs of age and sex matched, but unrelated, subjects. We calculate the percentages of the concordant and discordant results in each group. Results are compared by using chi2 test. RESULTS For all related and unrelated groups combined, there were significant differences with mites (der. pteronyssinus, der. farinae) and some moulds (aspergillus mix and rhizopus nigricans) (p<0.05); When the groups were subdivided into parent-child pairs and same or different sibling pairs, and the same comparisons were made, a significant difference was only found in both sibling pairs (p<0.05), not in parent-child pairs (p>0.05). Since there was no both positivity with aspergillus mix and rhizopus nigricans in the two groups, these two allergens were excluded from the study. CONCLUSION It is concluded that we could not say that if one or both of parents are atopic to any allergens, their child will be atopic to the same allergens. Besides, when a respiratory allergy occurs in siblings, only the one who has house dust mite allergy sensitivity can possess the similar antigen sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Erel
- Department Internal Medicine and Division of Allergy, Gülhane Military Medical Academy and Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Scirica CV, Celedón JC. Genetics of asthma: potential implications for reducing asthma disparities. Chest 2008; 132:770S-781S. [PMID: 17998341 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetic factors may partly explain the differences in asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among ethnic groups in the United States, few studies of the genetics of asthma have included members of ethnic minority groups. Only one genome-wide linkage analysis of asthma and/or asthma-related phenotypes (conducted by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Asthma) has included any members of ethnic minority populations. The interpretation of the findings of genetic association studies of asthma in ethnic minority groups is complicated by reduced statistical power due to small sample sizes; the failure to correct for multiple comparisons; a lack of homogeneity of the populations studied with regard to area of residence, ancestral background, and/or country of origin; a lack of measurement of relevant environmental exposures; and (for case-control studies of genetic association) a lack of detection and control of potential population stratification. Genetic studies may improve our understanding of asthma and lead to new methods to prevent, diagnose, and treat this disease. Limited study of asthma genetics in ethnic minority populations is unacceptable, as it may prevent these groups from benefiting from future developments in asthma management and thus widen existing disparities in asthma care. Future genetic association studies of asthma among ethnic minorities in the United States should include large samples of populations that have been adequately defined with regard to area of residence, self-designated ancestry, and country of origin. These studies should also include an adequate assessment of potentially relevant environmental exposures and (for case-control association studies) population stratification.
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Marsh DG, Zwollo P, Huang SK, Ansari AA. Molecular genetics of human immune responsiveness to allergens. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 147:171-83; discussion 183-7. [PMID: 2695306 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513866.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Specific immune responsiveness to certain highly purified allergens is significantly associated with particular HLA-D types. In one striking example, IgE and IgG responsiveness to the ragweed Amb V (Ra5) allergens is strongly associated with HLA-DR2/Dw2. We studied the HLA-D gene sequences of 67 Caucasoid subjects. All Dw2+ (Dw2 +/- in one case) high responders to Amb a V, before or after high-dose ragweed immunotherapy, possessed typical DRB1*2.2 and DRB3*2.2 (Dw2-associated DR beta) gene sequences. Their DQB1 genes all had typical Dw2-associated DQB1*1.2 sequences, with two exceptions (DQB1*1.21 and DQB1*1.18, that are usually associated with Dw21 and Dw18, respectively). The finding of these unusual sequence combinations in these Amb a V responders implicates a DR alpha beta I2.2 or a DR alpha beta III2.2 molecule as the major Amb a V Ir gene product. This conclusion is supported by our finding of one non-responder (after prolonged immunotherapy) who possessed the DQ1.2, but not the DR2.2, sequences. In ragweed-allergic subjects further data suggest that a DR2.2 molecule is generally a necessary and almost always a sufficient requirement for high Amb a V responsiveness. An Amb a V-specific T cell clone obtained from a Dw2+ subject was DR-restricted according to inhibition studies using anti-HLA-D monoclonal antibodies. Also, antigen-presenting cells that were DR2.2+ or DR2.12+, but not DR2.21+ or DR2.22+, were able to present antigen to the cloned T cells, implicating certain DR2 molecules as restriction elements. In similar studies using the rye grass allergen Lol p III we obtained preliminary data implicating the DR beta I sequence E9 YSTS13 (found in DR3, DR5 and DRw6 genotypes) in the recognition of a major Lol p III agretope. Since Lol p I and II are homologous to Lol p III in one region of their amino acid sequences the EYSTS sequence may also be involved in the recognition of similar agretopes of these molecules. These and other studies demonstrate the power of the allergy model for genetic and molecular studies of the human immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21239
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Kaza U, Knight AK, Bahna SL. Risk factors for the development of food allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2007; 7:182-6. [PMID: 17448328 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-007-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic and environmental factors seem to predispose to the development of food allergy. A most notable factor is diet, particularly during infancy. Possible other factors include maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation, birth by cesarean section, exposure to tobacco smoke, multivitamin supplementation, and intake of antacids. It is important to identify and control such risk factors to reduce the development of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwala Kaza
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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Juhn YJ, Kita H, Bagniewski SM, Weaver AL, Pankratz VS, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Severity of childhood asthma and human leukocyte antigens type. J Asthma 2007; 44:163-8. [PMID: 17454332 DOI: 10.1080/02770900701209632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We sought to learn if Class II HLA genes are associated with the severity of asthma in children. We examined a previously recruited cohort of 340 healthy children who had Class II HLA allele data available. We conducted a comprehensive review of their medical records to determine asthma status and, when present, its severity. We found that Class II HLA alleles, which were previously reported to have an association with asthma incidence, appear to have an association as well with asthma severity. These data support our hypothesis that both the incidence and severity of asthma are heritable and that HLA may play an important role in both development and severity of asthma. Because of limited statistical power, our study findings are subject to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Juhn YJ, Kita H, Lee LA, Smith RW, Bagniewski SM, Weaver AL, Pankratz VS, Jacobson RM, Poland GA. Childhood asthma and human leukocyte antigen type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:38-46. [PMID: 17212706 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and family history of asthma or atopy in relation to the incidence of childhood asthma. The objective of the study was to determine whether specific HLA class II genes (e.g., DRB1*03) are associated with asthma and whether such association explains the influences of family history of asthma or atopy on asthma incidence. A stratified random sample of 340 children who had HLA data available from the Rochester Family Measles Study cohort (n= 876) and a convenience sample of healthy children aged 5-12 years were the participants. We conducted comprehensive medical record reviews to determine asthma status of these children. The associations between the presence of specific HLA alleles and development of asthma and the role of family history of asthma or atopy in the association were evaluated by fitting Cox models. The cumulative incidence of asthma by 12 years of age among children who carry HLA DRB1*03 was 33%, compared to 24.2% among those who did not carry this allele. Adjusting for family history of asthma or atopy, gender, low birth weight, season of birth, HLA DRB1*04, and HLA DQB1*0302, the hazards ratio for HLA DRB1*03 carriers was 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.9, P= 0.020). We concluded that the HLA DRB1*03 allele is associated with asthma. However, the HLA class II gene does not explain the influences of family history of asthma or atopy on development of asthma. The mechanism underlying the association between asthma and HLA genes needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Juhn
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Ruiter B, Rozemuller EH, van Dijk AJ, Garssen J, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAFM, Tilanus MG, Knol EF, van Hoffen E. Role of human leucocyte antigen DQ in the presentation of T cell epitopes in the major cow's milk allergen alphas1-casein. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:119-26. [PMID: 17228168 DOI: 10.1159/000098660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and cow's milk allergy (CMA). The aim of the present study was to determine the HLA restriction of T cell clones (TCCs) specific to alphas1-casein, the most abundant milk protein, and to study possible HLA class II allele associations with CMA. METHODS alphas1-Casein-specific TCCs were derived from 6 children with CMA, 9 atopic children without CMA and 5 non-atopic children. T cell epitope specificity was defined by stimulation with overlapping peptides, spanning the alphas1-casein molecule. HLA restriction was determined in proliferation assays using antibodies blocking either HLA-DP, HLA-DQ or HLA-DR. HLA genotyping was performed in 32 subjects with CMA, 23 atopic and 22 non-atopic individuals. RESULTS Ten TCCs were restricted to HLA-DQ, 6 TCCs to HLA-DR and 4 TCCs to HLA-DP. The sequence in alphas1-casein that was most immunogenic to T cells from children with CMA contained T cell epitopes restricted to DQB1*0201, DPB1*0401 and DRB1*1501. The DQB1*0501 allele frequency was lower in children with CMA than in non-atopic children, but this difference could not be confirmed in an additional group of subjects with and without CMA. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DQ plays a substantial role in the presentation of T cell epitopes in alphas1-casein. However, HLA class II allele frequencies do not show major differences between cow's milk allergic, atopic and non-atopic subjects. T cell epitopes in the most immunogenic region are presented by various abundantly present HLA genotypes. Therefore, this sequence may be a suitable target for peptide immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ruiter
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shreffler WG, Charlop-Powers Z, Sicherer SH. Lack of association of HLA class II alleles with peanut allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:865-9. [PMID: 16802776 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is a common and severe phenotype of food allergy with a strong genetic component; HLA class II polymorphisms are attractive candidate genes for this disorder. OBJECTIVE To determine possible genotypic associations of HLA class II with peanut allergy and attempt replication of previously reported associations. METHODS Sibling pairs discordant for peanut allergy were genotyped (low resolution) by polymerase chain reaction-based methods to 7 DQ and 18 DR allele groups. A chi2 analysis was undertaken against sibling controls with statistical adjustment for multiple analyses. RESULTS Seventy-three children with confirmed peanut allergy (mean age, 6.5 years; male, 72%; asthma, 58%; atopic dermatitis, 62%; allergic rhinitis, 67%; other food allergies, 41%) and 75 of their siblings who eat peanut (mean age, 8 years; male, 52%; asthma, 12%; atopic dermatitis, 22%; allergic rhinitis, 37%; other food allergy, 7%) were genotyped. Distribution of DQ7 (29% of children with peanut allergy vs 47% sibling controls) was statistically significantly different (P = .04) before statistical correction for multiple comparisons was made by multiplying them by the number of alleles tested (and not statistically significant after correction; P = .30). Distribution of DR11 was nearly statistically significant without statistical adjustment (26% with peanut allergy vs 41% of sibling controls; P = .07; corrected P = 1.3). Alleles that were previously reported to have a weak association with peanut allergy (DRB1 *03, *08; DQB1 *0302, *04) were not verified in this cohort (unadjusted P > .44). CONCLUSIONS We could not establish an association between the HLA class II alleles evaluated in this cohort of sibling pairs discordant for peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne G Shreffler
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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25
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CÁRDABA B, DE PABLO R, VILCHES C, MARTÍN E, GELLER-BERNSTEIN C, DE ANDRES B, ZAHARAN Y, POZO VDEL, GALLARDO S, DE ARRUDA CHAVES E, WAISEL Y, PALOMINO P, KREISLER M, LAHOZ C. Allergy to olive pollen: T-cell response from olive allergic patients is restricted by DR7-DQ2 antigens. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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ARON Y, DESMAZES-DUFEU N, MATRAN R, POLLA BS, DUSSER D, LOCKHART A, SWIERCZEWSKI E. Evidence of a strong, positive association between atopy and the HLA class II alleles DR4 and DR7. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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FAUX JA, MOFFATT MF, LALVANI A, DEKKER J, WARRELL DA, COOKSON WOC. Sensitivity to bee and wasp venoms: association with specific IgE responses to the bee and wasp venom and HLA DRB1 and DPB1. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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HOLLOWAY JW, DOULL I, BEGISHVILI B, BEASLEY R, HOLGATE ST, HOWELL WM. Lack of evidence of a significant association between HLA-DR, DQ and DP genotypes and atopy in families with HDM allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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KIM KE, ROSENBERG A, LEMKE T, CALDERON J, RICH S, BLUMENTHAL MN. B-cell epitopes recognized by IgE from patients sensitive to Amb a 5. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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YANG J, QIAO HL, ZHANG YW, JIA LJ, TIAN X, GAO N. HLA-DRB genotype and specific IgE responses in patients with allergies to penicillins. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200603020-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Food allergy is a common problem that often affects young children. Numerous factors affect the development of food allergy both prenatally and postnatally. These factors are genetic and environmental. Although little can be done post-conception to alter a child's genetic risk for developing food allergy, early identification may permit alterations of the environment in which food allergy develops. Environmental factors operate both prenatally and postnatally. By understanding how these factors affect development of food allergy, it may be possible for parents to modulate the development of this difficult problem in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Schuller
- Allergy and Immunology, Penn State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical College, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17003-0850, USA.
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32
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Valenta R, Ball T, Focke M, Linhart B, Mothes N, Niederberger V, Spitzauer S, Swoboda I, Vrtala S, Westritschnig K, Kraft D. Immunotherapy of allergic disease. Adv Immunol 2004; 82:105-53. [PMID: 14975256 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(04)82003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Medical School, Austria
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Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ober C. Association studies for asthma and atopic diseases: a comprehensive review of the literature. Respir Res 2003; 4:14. [PMID: 14748924 PMCID: PMC314398 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genetic association studies on asthma-related phenotypes have been conducted in different populations. To date, variants in 64 genes have been reported to be associated with asthma or related traits in at least one study. Of these, 33 associations were replicated in a second study, 9 associations were not replicated either in a second study or a second sample in the same study, and 22 associations were reported in just a single published study. These results suggest the potential for a great amount of heterogeneity underlying asthma. However, many of these studies are methodologically limited and their interpretation hampered by small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Departments of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Torío A, Sánchez-Guerrero I, Muro M, Villar LM, Minguela A, Marín L, Moya-Quiles MR, Montes-Ares O, Pagán J, Alvarez-López MR. HLA class II genotypic frequencies in atopic asthma: association of DRB1*01-DQB1*0501 genotype with Artemisia vulgaris allergic asthma. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:811-5. [PMID: 12878360 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles have been associated with the development of atopic asthma. To determine whether HLA class II alleles are associated with atopic asthma in a population from southeast Spain (Murcia region), 213 atopic asthmatic patients and 150 controls were selected for HLA typing. Significant association of the DRB1*01 and DQB1*0501 alleles was found in Artemisia vulgaris allergic patients (p(c) = 0.00052 and p(c) = 0.00023, respectively). No significant correlation was found in other atopic patients allergic to pollens (Phleum pratense, Olea europaea, and Salsola kali), house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae), molds (Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum), or animal danders (dog, cat). The results reveal that the DRB1*01-DQB1*0501 genotype is strongly associated with a positive response to Artemisia vulgaris in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Torío
- Immunology Service, University Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", Murcia, Spain.
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35
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Woo JG, Assa'ad A, Heizer AB, Bernstein JA, Hershey GKK. The -159 C-->T polymorphism of CD14 is associated with nonatopic asthma and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:438-44. [PMID: 12897754 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD14, the receptor for LPS, plays an important role in innate immunity. A polymorphism in the promotor for CD14, -159 C-->T, has been implicated in atopy. OBJECTIVE We explored the relationship of this polymorphism with both atopic and nonatopic asthma, as well as with food allergy. METHODS Patients with asthma and food allergy were recruited along with nonatopic, nonasthmatic control subjects. The -159 C-->T polymorphism was genotyped by using the PCR-based RFLP assay. RESULTS The -159 T allele was more common among patients with nonatopic asthma and food allergy than among control subjects (chi(2) = 6.03, P =.01 and chi(2) = 4.94; P =.03, respectively). Patients with food allergy had a 4-fold increased odds of having the TT genotype versus carriers of the C allele compared with control subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.3), whereas patients with nonatopic asthma had a 3-fold increased odds of having the TT genotype (OR = 3.1 [95% CI = 1.1-9.1]). Controlling for sex differences between groups did not alter this relationship, which remained significant for patients with food allergy (OR = 3.7 [95% CI = 1.4-10.1]) or nonatopic asthma (OR = 2.7 [95% CI = 0.9-8.0]). We performed a stratified analysis, limited to white patients, to reduce population stratification. The relationship with the TT genotype was stronger in white patients with nonatopic asthma (OR = 4.4 [95% CI = 1.3-14.8]) and patients with food allergy (OR = 5.1 [95% CI = 1.6-16.2]), even adjusting for sex differences (OR = 3.9 [95% CI = 1.1-13.5] and OR = 4.6 [95% CI = 1.4-14.8], respectively). CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of -159 C-->T CD14 is associated with nonatopic asthma and food allergy, particularly in white subjects. Thus CD14 is a candidate gene specifically for nonatopic asthma and not for asthma in general. This indicates that atopic and nonatopic asthma might be distinct conditions in their genetic predisposition, despite the fact that they are very similar once they have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Woo
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio, USA
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36
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the latest experimental findings on diisocyanate asthma and discuss the impact of these data on our understanding of disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. DATA SOURCES The literature reviewed includes articles from PubMed (National Library of Medicine) published within the last 3 years (1999-2001). In addition, pertinent older references are discussed to provide a historical perspective and background. STUDY SELECTION The data discussed were chosen to highlight key concepts relevant to diisocyanate asthma pathogenesis and are grouped accordingly. RESULTS In many ways, diisocyanate-induced asthma mirrors allergic asthma caused by other stimuli; however, the immune-mediated pathways believed to be central to the disease have been difficult to define. Recent studies on the human immune response to diisocyanates provide additional evidence supportive of an immune basis for pathogenesis but also highlight well-recognized differences between diisocyanate asthma and common atopic asthma. Studies on the antigenic form of diisocyanates and their interaction with epithelial tissues provide new insights that may help explain these apparent immunologic differences. Genetic factors that influence disease have begun to be identified but remain poorly characterized. Associations of particular major histocompatibility complex class II alleles with diisocyanate asthma further fuel the hypothesis that immune-dependent mechanisms underlie pathogenesis, whereas associations of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (in conjunction with recent studies defining the effects of diisocyanates on thiol-redox homeostasis) may implicate additional antigen-independent mechanisms. Long-term follow-up studies of diisocyanate asthma patients have confirmed the prognostic value of early removal of symptomatic patients from exposure and highlight the need for effective diagnostic tests of sensitivity and susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Diisocyanate-induced asthma appears to be a multifactorial disease involving the immune system, airway epithelium, and genetic factors. The potential long-term adverse effects of diisocyanate exposure in sensitized patients underscore the need for further studies to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease and identify biomarkers for sensitization and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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37
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Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of allergy has moved to the molecular level, while study of epidemiology and genetics has revealed risks of developing allergies based on environmental and genetic profiles, and pharmacoeconomic data have enabled accurate measurement of the immense burden of allergic disease. These advances in allergy research have affected its management, particularly the search for new antiallergy therapies. New therapies should intervene in the systemic allergy inflammatory cascade and provide clinical efficacy that extends to multiple allergic disease states. In addition, these new therapies should present no additional safety issues, offer improvements over existing therapies, and have an impact on disease-impaired quality of life. In vitro studies show that desloratadine, a new, once-daily, nonsedating, selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist, blocks the systemic allergy cascade at multiple points. Desloratadine 5 mg once daily relieves the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria and of both seasonal (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. In patients with concomitant asthma and SAR, asthma symptoms are relieved and beta2-agonist medication use is decreased by desloratadine. Unlike many other second-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonists, desloratadine provides the added benefit of efficacy against nasal obstruction in SAR. Desloratadine improves quality of life by decreasing the impact of allergic symptoms on sleep and on daily activities.
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MESH Headings
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/therapeutic use
- Loratadine/analogs & derivatives
- Loratadine/therapeutic use
- Nasal Obstruction/drug therapy
- Quality of Life
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/economics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- P Van Cauwenberge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ghent, ENT Department, Ghent, Belgium
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38
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39
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Abstract
Genetics provides the basis for the host response to a variety of environmental factors that can play a role in the generation of complex genetic diseases, such as asthma and atopy. An understanding of the genetic bases for these conditions is therefore essential to understand their pathophysiology. Studies of the genetics of asthma and atopy have suffered from several daunting challenges. These include the recognition that these are conditions caused by numerous genes, with each gene assuming variable roles in different individuals. In addition, each gene presumably contributes only a small percentage to a given individual's genetic risk of asthma. This has led to the current situation, in which studies often demonstrate a lack of replication that can be explained by their being insufficiently powered. Furthermore, the pathophysiologies of asthma and atopy are incompletely understood, and the lack of clearly defined phenotypes also contributes to the inadequacies of the current literature. Nonetheless, regions of the human genome have been reproducibly associated with asthma and atopy. These regions have undergone intense study, and many genetic variants within them have been implicated as asthma and allergy genes. In addition, through candidate gene approaches, several genetic polymorphisms have been convincingly linked to increased risks for the development of asthma and atopy. Many of these genes are associated with alterations in responsiveness to therapeutic agents used in the treatment of these conditions. These genetic studies have an exciting potential for individually tailoring the therapeutic regimen to a given subject's genotype. It is to be hoped that they will also define new targets for the next generation of asthma and allergy therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Steinke
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1355, USA
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40
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Cárdaba B, Cortegano I, Florido F, Civantos E, del Pozo V, Gallardo S, Rojo M, Palomino P, Lahoz C. Update in the understanding of genetic predisposition to olive pollen sensitization. Allergy 2002; 57 Suppl 71:41-6. [PMID: 12173269 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.057s71041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Cárdaba
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Immunology Department, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Sakaguchi M, Nakayama T, Kaku H, Taniguchi K, Saito S, Kimura A, Inouye S. Analysis of HLA in children with gelatin allergy. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2002; 59:412-6. [PMID: 12144625 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2002.590508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic immediate reactions including anaphylaxis to gelatin in vaccines have been reported. However, the number of such reports is very small compared with the number of children exposed to gelatin. The present study was designed to investigate whether susceptibility or resistance to gelatin allergy is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene. Blood samples were obtained from 49 patients with gelatin allergy and specific IgE to gelatin. DNA-based HLA class II typing was performed to determine the DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles. Genotype frequencies were compared with those found in 240 unrelated controls. The frequency of DQB1*0303 (55.1%) was significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects (32.1%). The frequency of DPB1*0402 was also significantly higher in the patients (32.7%) than in the control subjects (15.4%). On the other hand, the frequency of subjects carrying DRB1*15 (DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502) was significantly lower among the patients group (18.4%) than among the controls (40.8%). We found that DQB1*0303 and DPB1*0402 were positively associated with the IgE response for gelatin, while DRB1*15 was negatively associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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43
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Chauhan B, Hutcheson PS, Slavin RG, Bellone CJ. T-cell receptor bias in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:286-94. [PMID: 12039410 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) Th2 helper cell mediated immune responses have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ABPA. HLA and TCR are the candidate genes, which can influence the specificity of these responses. We have previously established a strong association of HLA DR2/5 in ABPA susceptibility. The study was designed to determine whether allergen specific T cell express a limited usage of T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta gene repertoire in ABPA and to find an association of susceptible HLA-DR determinants with the identified TCR gene segments. TCR Vbeta typing was performed on antigen specific T cell lines from 14 ABPA and 12 nonABPA patients. The majority of ABPA patients (86%) expressed allergen specific T cells with Vbeta13 genes indicating its role in susceptibility, whereas in nonABPA controls, Vbeta1 genes T cell repertoires were predominantly expressed. The unrestricted pattern of Vbeta gene amplification seen before antigen stimulation suggests an oligoclonal expansion of a specific T cell population in response to the allergen Asp f 1 in ABPA and nonABPA patients. The increased usage of Vbeta13 in ABPA and Vbeta1 in nonABPA indicates their importance in susceptibility and resistance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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44
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Papouchado BG, Chapoval SP, Marietta EV, Weiler CR, David CS. Cockroach allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation in HLA-DQ/human CD4(+) transgenic mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4627-34. [PMID: 11591792 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of allergic asthma. Exposure to allergens produced by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a risk factor for allergic disease in genetically predisposed individuals, and has been linked to an increase in asthma morbidity among cockroach-sensitive inner city children. To determine the role and contribution of specific HLA class II in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation in cockroach-induced asthma, we generated double-transgenic, double-knockout mice expressing human HLA-DQ8, HLA-DQ6, and CD4 molecules in the absence of mouse class II and mouse CD4. Mice were actively immunized and later challenged intranasally with cockroach allergen extract. These mice developed bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophilia and pulmonary eosinophilia. This was accompanied by an increase in total protein levels, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF. There were also elevated levels of cockroach-specific serum IgG1 and total serum IgE. Histological analysis revealed peribronchial and perivascular eosinophilic inflammation in cockroach-treated mice. Other pathologic changes in the airways were epithelial cell hypertrophy and mucus production. Treatment with anti-DQ mAb significantly reduced pulmonary and BALF eosinophilia in cockroach allergen-sensitized mice. Abeta(0) mice and transgenic mice expressing human CD4 molecule alone (without class II) or human HLA-DQ8 molecule (without CD4) treated in the same fashion showed no eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar fluid and no pulmonary parenchymal inflammation. Our results provide direct evidence that HLA-DQ molecules and CD4 T cells mediate cockroach-induced eosinophilic inflammation in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Papouchado
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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45
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Cárdaba B, Moffatt MF, Fernández E, Jurado A, Rojo M, García M, Ansotegui IJ, Cortegano I, Arrieta I, Etxenagusia MA, del Pozo V, Urraca J, Aceituno E, Gallardo S, Palomino P, Cookson W, Lahoz C. Allergy to dermatophagoides in a group of Spanish gypsies: genetic restrictions. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2001; 125:297-306. [PMID: 11574751 DOI: 10.1159/000053830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spanish gypsies have traditionally lived as nomads, a reason why few epidemiological studies were done in this ethnic group. However, the high prevalence of asthmatic diseases demonstrated in a population residing in the North of Spain induces us to analyse whether it was due to the influence of genetic loci previously implicated in other population studies as causing the disorders. METHODS DRB1* and DQB1* HLA class II, TCR-Valpha8.1, FcepsilonRI-beta Rsa I exon 7 and intron 2, TNF-beta (LTalpha-Nco I) and CD14, were tested for association with asthma and atopy by multiple regression analysis, in 5 families comprising 87 individuals. RESULTS Significant associations were found with DQB1*02 (p = 0.02) and DQB1*0301 (p = 0.008) and elevated levels of total serum IgE. A negative association (p = 0.02) was found between total serum IgE and DRB1*14. FcepsilonRI-beta Rsa I-In2 allele 1 was associated with high levels of total serum IgE (p = 0.04). Levels of Der p 1 IgE antibodies were negatively associated with DRB1*11-DQB1*0301 (p = 0.007), and positively with TCR Valpha-8 allele 1 (p = 0.04) and with FcepsilonRI-beta Rsa I-In2 allele 1 (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not show any association between asthma and the genetic loci studied although they do suggest the existence of multiple genetic influences on the allergic response in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cárdaba
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Immunology Department, Avda Reyes Católicos 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Huang JL, Chen CC, Kuo ML, Hsieh KH. Exposure to a high concentration of mite allergen in early infancy is a risk factor for developing atopic dermatitis: a 3-year follow-up study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2001; 12:11-6. [PMID: 11251859 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2001.012001011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cause of allergy is multi-factorial, and the development of an allergic disease seems to be the result of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The goal for preventing the development of allergic diseases is to avoid sensitization to allergens. The aim of this work was to study whether or not exposure to environmental allergens early in infancy would influence the occurence of various allergic diseases in later life. On an annual basis, a total of 931 healthy newborns were followed-up until they reached 3 years of age. The occurence of allergic diseases was recorded by trained medical students during visits. Measurement of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) concentration in house dust was performed when each baby was 18 and 36 months old. Total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against Der p 1, cow's milk, and egg white were evaluated at birth and at 18 months of age. The following results were obtained: at 3 years of age, 10.4% had bronchial asthma (BA), 21.4% atopic dermatitis (AD), 7.0% urticaria, and 46.8% had experienced wheezing; higher family allergy scores led to a higher incidence of AD (p=0.0012); exposure to a mite allergen concentration of 1 microg/g of dust may be associated with a higher incidence of AD (p=0.0156); the presence of Der p 1 IgE antibody at 18 months of age was associated with a higher incidence of BA (p=0.0001); and children sensitized to egg whites at 18 months of age had an increased risk of developing AD at 3 years of age (p=0.0187). Hence, early exposure to mite allergen is a risk factor for the development of atopic dermatitis, but seems not to be related to the development of bronchial asthma. Early sensitization to egg whites increases the risk of developing AD. The early detection of serum Der p 1 IgE antibody is associated with a higher incidence of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Kay
- Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London
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Chauhan B, Santiago L, Hutcheson PS, Schwartz HJ, Spitznagel E, Castro M, Slavin RG, Bellone CJ. Evidence for the involvement of two different MHC class II regions in susceptibility or protection in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:723-9. [PMID: 11031343 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease with uncertain pathology. Studies have suggested a pathogenic role for T(H)2 cells. Previously, we demonstrated, in a small group of patients, that T(H)2 reactivity to a major Aspergillus fumigatus antigen was restricted by HLA-DR2 or HLA-DR5 alleles. OBJECTIVES We sought to confirm whether susceptibility to ABPA is exclusively associated with HLA-DR locus and to investigate the involvement of HLA-DQ genes in the development of ABPA. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from patients with ABPA, patients without ABPA but with positive A fumigatus skin test responses and asthma or cystic fibrosis, and healthy control subjects. HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes were detected by using low-resolution typing; high-resolution typing was done only on HLA-DR2- and HLA-DR5-positive individuals by using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). RESULTS A significantly higher frequency of HLA-DR2 was observed in patients with ABPA versus those without ABPA (corrected P <.01) or healthy control subjects (corrected P <.01). Genotype analysis revealed that susceptibility to ABPA is associated with HLA-DR2 alleles DRB1*1503 and DRB1*1501 and, to a lesser extent, with the HLA-DR5 allele DRB1*1104. The presence of DR4 or DR7 alleles in non-DR2/5 patients with ABPA suggests that these alleles may also be contributing factors in this disease. Another striking observation was the significantly high frequency of HLA-DQ2 in patients without ABPA (67. 4%) compared with patients with ABPA (20.5%) and normal control subjects (37.7%), suggesting that these alleles may confer protection in the population without ABPA. CONCLUSION These genetic studies suggest that HLA-DR molecules DR2, DR5, and possibly DR4 or DR7 contribute to susceptibility while HLA-DQ2 contributes to resistance and that a combination of these genetic elements determines the outcome of ABPA in patients with cystic fibrosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Haselden BM, Kay AB, Larché M. Peptide-mediated immune responses in specific immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000; 122:229-37. [PMID: 10971112 DOI: 10.1159/000024403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional immunotherapy using whole allergen extracts has been shown to be an effective, disease-modifying treatment in carefully selected patients with allergic conjunctivo-rhinitis, asthma and bee and wasp venom hypersensitivity. However, this form of therapy is associated with the risk of systemic anaphylaxis, which, when severe, can be life threatening. A potentially significant reduction in the incidence of IgE-mediated events during immunotherapy may be achieved by the use of short peptides corresponding to T cell epitopes which, by virtue of their size, are incapable of cross-linking allergen-specific IgE bound to the surface of mast cells and basophils. Initial clinical studies have demonstrated degrees of efficacy which have, in some cases, been associated with adverse events occurring immediately or several hours after peptide administration. Preliminary data from studies employing shorter peptides (20 amino acids or less) suggest that improved efficacy may be achieved by using peptides of defined major histocompatibility complex-binding specificity administered in an incremental dose fashion comparable to conventional immunotherapy. This review will discuss the concept of peptide immunotherapy and the implications of recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Haselden
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Imperial College School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wahn
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
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