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Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19. Virulence 2024; 15:2316438. [PMID: 38362881 PMCID: PMC10878030 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the pathologic features that can be observed in several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help inform appropriate model selection for disease modelling as well as for vaccine and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Kirk
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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2
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Tan X, Huang Z, Guo M, Wang X, Chen X, Liang S, Li W, Song K, Yan K, Li J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Yang S, Cai Z, Dai M, Xian Q, Shi ZL, Xu K, Lan K, Chen Y. The lethal K18-hACE2 knock-in mouse model mimicking the severe pneumonia of COVID-19 is practicable for antiviral development. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2353302. [PMID: 38753462 PMCID: PMC11132709 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2353302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of COVID-19 facilitate the development of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of antivirals or vaccines may differ in different animal models with varied degrees of disease. Here, we introduce a mouse model expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In this model, ACE2 with the human cytokeratin 18 promoter was knocked into the Hipp11 locus of C57BL/6J mouse by CRISPR - Cas9 (K18-hACE2 KI). Upon intranasal inoculation with high (3 × 105 PFU) or low (2.5 × 102 PFU) dose of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype (WT), Delta, Omicron BA.1, or Omicron BA.2 variants, all mice showed obvious infection symptoms, including weight loss, high viral loads in the lung, and interstitial pneumonia. 100% lethality was observed in K18-hACE2 KI mice infected by variants with a delay of endpoint for Delta and BA.1, and a significantly attenuated pathogenicity was observed for BA.2. The pneumonia of infected mice was accompanied by the infiltration of neutrophils and pulmonary fibrosis in the lung. Compared with K18-hACE2 Tg mice and HFH4-hACE2 Tg mice, K18-hACE2 KI mice are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. In the antivirals test, REGN10933 and Remdesivir had limited antiviral efficacies in K18-hACE2 KI mice upon the challenge of SARS-CoV-2 infections, while Nirmatrelvir, monoclonal antibody 4G4, and mRNA vaccines potently protected the mice from death. Our results suggest that the K18-hACE2 KI mouse model is lethal and stable for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and is practicable and stringent to antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Dai
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyang Xian
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center and RNA Institute, College of Life Sciences and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Vaccine Research, Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory / Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Bentley JK, Kreger JE, Breckenridge HA, Singh S, Lei J, Li Y, Baker SC, Lumeng CN, Hershenson MB. Developing a mouse model of human coronavirus NL63 infection: comparison with rhinovirus-A1B and effects of prior rhinovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L557-L573. [PMID: 39189801 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63 causes respiratory tract infections in humans and uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor. We sought to establish a mouse model of HCoV-NL63 and determine whether prior rhinovirus (RV)-A1B infection affected HCoV-NL63 replication. HCoV-NL63 was propagated in LLC-MK2 cells expressing human ACE2. RV-A1B was grown in HeLa-H1 cells. C57BL6/J or transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 were infected intranasally with sham LLC-MK2 cell supernatant or 1 × 105 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) units HCoV-NL63. Wild-type mice were infected with 1 × 106 plaque-forming units (PFU) RV-A1B. Lungs were assessed for vRNA, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, histology, HCoV-NL63 nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3), and host gene expression by next-generation sequencing and qPCR. To evaluate sequential infections, mice were infected with RV-A1B followed by HCoV-NL63 infection 4 days later. We report that hACE2 mice infected with HCoV-NL63 showed evidence of replicative infection with increased levels of vRNA, BAL neutrophils and lymphocytes, peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates, and expression of nsp3. Viral replication peaked 3 days after infection and inflammation persisted 6 days after infection. HCoV-NL63-infected hACE2 mice showed increased mRNA expression of IFNs, IFN-stimulated proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines. Infection with RV-A1B 4 days before HCoV-NL63 significantly decreased both HCoV-NL63 vRNA levels and airway inflammation. Mice infected with RV-A1B prior to HCoV-NL63 showed increased expression of antiviral proteins compared with sham-treated mice. In conclusion, we established a mouse model of HCoV-NL63 replicative infection characterized by relatively persistent viral replication and inflammation. Prior infection with RV-A1B reduced HCoV-NL63 replication and airway inflammation, indicative of viral interference.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a mouse model of human coronavirus (HCoV) infection. Infection of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with HCoV-NL63 produced a replicative infection with peribronchial inflammation and nonstructural protein 3 expression. Mice infected with RV-A1B 4 days before HCoV-NL63 showed decreased HCoV-NL63 replication and airway inflammation and increased expression of antiviral proteins compared with sham-treated mice. This research may shed light on human coronavirus infections, viral interference, and viral-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jordan E Kreger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Haley A Breckenridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Shilpi Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Susan C Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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4
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Volk P, Rahmani Manesh M, Warren ME, Besko K, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Wicki-Stordeur LE, Swayne LA. Long-term neurological dysfunction associated with COVID-19: Lessons from influenza and inflammatory diseases? J Neurochem 2024; 168:3500-3511. [PMID: 38014645 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic persists, SARS-CoV-2 infection is increasingly associated with long-term neurological side effects including cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression, and anxiety, colloquially known as "long-COVID." While the full extent of long-COVID neuropathology across years or even decades is not yet known, we can perhaps take direction from long-standing research into other respiratory diseases, such as influenza, that can present with similar long-term neurological consequences. In this review, we highlight commonalities in the neurological impacts of influenza and COVID-19. We first focus on the common potential mechanisms underlying neurological sequelae of long-COVID and influenza, namely (1) viral neurotropism and (2) dysregulated peripheral inflammation. The latter, namely heightened peripheral inflammation leading to central nervous system dysfunction, is emerging as a shared mechanism in various peripheral inflammatory or inflammation-associated diseases and conditions. We then discuss historical and modern examples of influenza- and COVID-19-associated cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and fatigue, revealing key similarities in their neurological sequelae. Although we are learning that the effects of influenza and COVID differ somewhat in terms of their influence on the brain, as the impacts of long-COVID grow, such comparisons will likely prove valuable in guiding ongoing research into long-COVID, and perhaps foreshadow what could be in store for individuals with COVID-19 and their brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Volk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mary E Warren
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katie Besko
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leigh E Wicki-Stordeur
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Wang C, Khatun MS, Ellsworth CR, Chen Z, Islamuddin M, Nisperuza Vidal AK, Afaque Alam M, Liu S, Mccombs JE, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Qin X. Deficiency of Tlr7 and Irf7 in mice increases the severity of COVID-19 through the reduced interferon production. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1162. [PMID: 39289468 PMCID: PMC11408513 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (Tlr7) deficiency-accelerated severe COVID-19 is associated with reduced production of interferons (IFNs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To address these questions, we utilize Tlr7 and Irf7 deficiency mice, single-cell RNA analysis together with bone marrow transplantation approaches. We demonstrate that at the early phase of infection, SARS-CoV-2 causes the upregulation of Tlr7, Irf7, and IFN pathways in the lungs of the infected mice. The deficiency of Tlr7 and Irf7 globally and/or in immune cells in mice increases the severity of COVID-19 via impaired IFN activation in both immune and/or non-immune cells, leading to increased lung viral loads. These effects are associated with reduced IFN alpha and gamma levels in the circulation. The deficiency of Tlr7 tends to cause the reduced production and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the lungs of the infected mice, indicative of reduced IRF7 activation. Despite higher amounts of lung viral antigen, Tlr7 or Irf7 deficiency resulted in substantially reduced production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, thereby delaying the viral clearance. These results highlight the importance of the activation of TLR7 and IRF7 leading to IFN production on the development of innate and adaptive immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Calder R Ellsworth
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ana Karina Nisperuza Vidal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Afaque Alam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shumei Liu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janet E Mccombs
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Wang S, Li W, Wang Z, Yang W, Li E, Xia X, Yan F, Chiu S. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: global trends and new strategies for their prevention and control. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:223. [PMID: 39256346 PMCID: PMC11412324 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To adequately prepare for potential hazards caused by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the WHO has issued a list of high-priority pathogens that are likely to cause future outbreaks and for which research and development (R&D) efforts are dedicated, known as paramount R&D blueprints. Within R&D efforts, the goal is to obtain effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, which depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this process, the accessibility of animal models is a priority bottleneck because it plays a key role in bridging the gap between in-depth understanding and control efforts for infectious diseases. Here, we reviewed preclinical animal models for high priority disease in terms of their ability to simulate human infections, including both natural susceptibility models, artificially engineered models, and surrogate models. In addition, we have thoroughly reviewed the current landscape of vaccines, antibodies, and small molecule drugs, particularly hopeful candidates in the advanced stages of these infectious diseases. More importantly, focusing on global trends and novel technologies, several aspects of the prevention and control of infectious disease were discussed in detail, including but not limited to gaps in currently available animal models and medical responses, better immune correlates of protection established in animal models and humans, further understanding of disease mechanisms, and the role of artificial intelligence in guiding or supplementing the development of animal models, vaccines, and drugs. Overall, this review described pioneering approaches and sophisticated techniques involved in the study of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical theatment of WHO high-priority pathogens and proposed potential directions. Technological advances in these aspects would consolidate the line of defense, thus ensuring a timely response to WHO high priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wujian Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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7
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Gupta P, Dev K, Kaur G. Phytoconstituents as modulator of inflammatory pathways for COVID-19: A comprehensive review and recommendations. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39246209 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes disruptions in inflammatory pathways, which fundamentally contribute to COVID-19 pathophysiology. The present review critically evaluates the gaps in scientific literature and presents the current status regarding the inflammatory signaling pathways in COVID-19. We propose that phytoconstituents can be used to treat COVID-19 associated inflammation, several already formulated in traditional medications. For this purpose, extensive literature analysis was conducted in the PubMed database to collect relevant in vitro, in vivo, and human patient studies where inflammation pathways were shown to be upregulated in COVID-19. Parallelly, scientific literature was screened for phytoconstituents with known cellular mechanisms implicated for inflammation or COVID-19 associated inflammation. Studies with insufficient evidence on cellular pathways for autophagy and mitophagy were considered out of scope and excluded from the study. The final analysis was visualized in figures and evaluated for accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the frequent participation of NF-κB, a transcription factor, in inflammatory signaling pathways linked to COVID-19. Moreover, the MAPK signaling pathway is also implicated in producing inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, it was also analyzed that the phytoconstituents with flavonoid and phenolic backbones could inhibit either the TLR4 receptor or its consecutive signaling molecules, thereby, decreasing NF-κB activity and suppressing cytokine production. Although, allopathy has treated the early phase of COVID-19, anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents and existing ayurvedic formulations may act on the COVID-19 associated inflammatory pathways and provide an additional treatment strategy. Therefore, we recommend the usage of flavonoids and phenolic phytoconstituents for the treatment of inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection and similar viral ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- National Center cum Department of Human Genome Research Center and Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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8
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Puray-Chavez M, Eschbach JE, Xia M, LaPak KM, Zhou Q, Jasuja R, Pan J, Xu J, Zhou Z, Mohammed S, Wang Q, Lawson DQ, Djokic S, Hou G, Ding S, Brody SL, Major MB, Goldfarb D, Kutluay SB. A basally active cGAS-STING pathway limits SARS-CoV-2 replication in a subset of ACE2 positive airway cell models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574522. [PMID: 38260460 PMCID: PMC10802478 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Host factors that define the cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 beyond the cognate ACE2 receptor are poorly defined. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 replication is restricted at a post-entry step in a number of ACE2-positive airway-derived cell lines due to tonic activation of the cGAS-STING pathway mediated by mitochondrial DNA leakage and naturally occurring cGAS and STING variants. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING and type I/III IFN pathways as well as ACE2 overexpression overcome these blocks. SARS-CoV-2 replication in STING knockout cell lines and primary airway cultures induces ISG expression but only in uninfected bystander cells, demonstrating efficient antagonism of the type I/III IFN-pathway in productively infected cells. Pharmacological inhibition of STING in primary airway cells enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and reduces virus-induced innate immune activation. Together, our study highlights that tonic activation of the cGAS-STING and IFN pathways can impact SARS-CoV-2 cellular tropism in a manner dependent on ACE2 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Puray-Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna E. Eschbach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle M. LaPak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qianzi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ria Jasuja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiehong Pan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zixiang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shawn Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qibo Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana Q. Lawson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sanja Djokic
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael B. Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science & Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebla B. Kutluay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Moore KM, Foster SL, Kar M, Floyd KA, Elrod EJ, Williams ME, Velden JV, Ellis M, Malik A, Wali B, Lapp S, Metz A, Bosinger SE, Menachery VD, Seder RA, Amara RR, Kohlmeier JE, Grakoui A, Suthar MS. Eosinophils protect against SARS-CoV-2 following a vaccine breakthrough infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.607190. [PMID: 39211190 PMCID: PMC11361157 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Waning immunity and the emergence of immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants jeopardize vaccine efficacy leading to breakthrough infections. We have previously shown that innate immune cells play a critical role in controlling SARS-CoV-2. To investigate the innate immune response during breakthrough infections, we modeled breakthrough infections by challenging low-dose vaccinated mice with a vaccine-mismatched SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. We found that low-dose vaccinated infected mice had a 2-log reduction in lung viral burden, but increased immune cell infiltration in the lung parenchyma, characterized by monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and eosinophils. Single cell RNA-seq revealed viral RNA was highly associated with eosinophils that corresponded to a unique IFN-γ biased signature. Antibody-mediated depletion of eosinophils in vaccinated mice resulted in increased virus replication and dissemination in the lungs, demonstrating that eosinophils in the lungs are protective during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. These results highlight the critical role for the innate immune response in vaccine mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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10
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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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11
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Cabrera LE, Jokiranta ST, Mäki S, Miettinen S, Kant R, Kareinen L, Sironen T, Pietilä JP, Kantele A, Kekäläinen E, Lindgren H, Mattila P, Kipar A, Vapalahti O, Strandin T. The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012368. [PMID: 39172744 PMCID: PMC11340896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is linked to excessive inflammation. Neutrophils represent a critical arm of the innate immune response and are major mediators of inflammation, but their role in COVID-19 pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We conducted transcriptomic profiling of neutrophils obtained from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, in comparison to non-infected healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the inflammasome formation potential in neutrophils from patients and mice upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptomic analysis of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), consisting mainly of mature neutrophils, revealed a striking type I interferon (IFN-I) gene signature in severe COVID-19 patients, contrasting with mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. Notably, low-density granulocytes (LDGs) from severe COVID-19 patients exhibited an immature neutrophil phenotype and lacked this IFN-I signature. Moreover, PMNs from severe COVID-19 patients showed heightened nigericin-induced caspase1 activation, but reduced responsiveness to exogenous inflammasome priming. Furthermore, IFN-I emerged as a priming stimulus for neutrophil inflammasomes. These findings suggest a potential role for neutrophil inflammasomes in driving inflammation during severe COVID-19. Altogether, these findings open promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the pathological processes associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E. Cabrera
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Jokiranta
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Mäki
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Miettinen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Pietilä
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lindgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Virology and Immunology, HUSLAB Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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13
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Chen Z, Cui Q, Ran Y, Achi JG, Chen Z, Rong L, Du R. A BSL-2 compliant mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection for efficient and convenient antiviral evaluation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0050424. [PMID: 38899934 PMCID: PMC11265351 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00504-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of authentic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require operation in biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) containment. In the present study, we established a mouse model employing a single-cycle infectious virus replicon particle (VRP) system of SARS-CoV-2 that can be safely handled in BSL-2 laboratories. The VRP [ΔS-VRP(G)-Luc] contains a SARS-CoV-2 genome in which the spike gene was replaced by a firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene (Rep-Luci), and incorporates the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein on the surface. Intranasal inoculation of ΔS-VRP(G)-Luc can successfully transduce the Rep-Luci genome into mouse lungs, initiating self-replication of Rep-Luci and, accordingly, inducing acute lung injury mimicking the authentic SARS-CoV-2 pathology. In addition, the reporter Fluc expression can be monitored using a bioluminescence imaging approach, allowing a rapid and convenient determination of viral replication in ΔS-VRP(G)-Luc-infected mouse lungs. Upon treatment with an approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, VV116, the viral replication in infected mouse lungs was significantly reduced, suggesting that the animal model is feasible for antiviral evaluation. In summary, we have developed a BSL-2-compliant mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing an advanced approach to study aspects of the viral pathogenesis, viral-host interactions, as well as the efficacy of antiviral therapeutics in the future.IMPORTANCESevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious and pathogenic in humans; thus, research on authentic SARS-CoV-2 has been restricted to biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories. However, due to the scarcity of BSL-3 facilities and trained personnel, the participation of a broad scientific community in SARS-CoV-2 research had been greatly limited, hindering the advancement of our understanding on the basic virology as well as the urgently necessitated drug development. Previously, our colleagues Jin et al. had generated a SARS-CoV-2 replicon by replacing the essential spike gene in the viral genome with a Fluc reporter (Rep-Luci), which can be safely operated under BSL-2 conditions. By incorporating the Rep-Luci into viral replicon particles carrying vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein on their surface, and via intranasal inoculation, we successfully transduced the Rep-Luci into mouse lungs, developing a mouse model mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our model can serve as a useful platform for SARS-CoV-2 pathological studies and antiviral evaluation under BSL2 containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinuo Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Ran
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jazmin Galvan Achi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ruikun Du
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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14
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Zheng HY, Song TZ, Zheng YT. Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models. Zool Res 2024; 45:747-766. [PMID: 38894519 PMCID: PMC11298684 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The distribution of the immune system throughout the body complicates in vitro assessments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunobiology, often resulting in a lack of reproducibility when extrapolated to the whole organism. Consequently, developing animal models is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the pathology and immunology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This review summarizes current progress related to COVID-19 animal models, including non-human primates (NHPs), mice, and hamsters, with a focus on their roles in exploring the mechanisms of immunopathology, immune protection, and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as their application in immunoprevention and immunotherapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differences among these animal models and their specific applications are also highlighted, as no single model can fully encapsulate all aspects of COVID-19. To effectively address the challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to select appropriate animal models that can accurately replicate both fatal and non-fatal infections with varying courses and severities. Optimizing animal model libraries and associated research tools is key to resolving the global COVID-19 pandemic, serving as a robust resource for future emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
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15
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Krishna VD, Chang A, Korthas H, Var SR, Seelig DM, Low WC, Li L, Cheeran MCJ. Impact of age and sex on neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a murine model. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404312. [PMID: 39077737 PMCID: PMC11284165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, is known to infect people of all ages and both sexes. Senior populations have the greatest risk of severe COVID-19, and sexual dimorphism in clinical outcomes has been reported. Neurological symptoms are widely observed in COVID-19 patients, with many survivors exhibiting persistent neurological and cognitive impairment. The present study aims to investigate the impact of age and sex on the neuroinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection using a mouse model. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were intranasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.351, a variant known to infect mice. Older male mice exhibited a significantly greater weight loss and higher viral loads in the lung at 3 days post infection. Notably, no viral RNA was detected in the brains of infected mice. Nevertheless, expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL-2 in the lung and brain increased with viral infection. RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis of brains showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused significant changes in gene expression profiles, implicating innate immunity, defense response to virus, and cerebrovascular and neuronal functions. These findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a neuroinflammatory response, despite the lack of detectable virus in the brain. Aberrant activation of innate immune response, disruption of blood-brain barrier and endothelial cell integrity, and suppression of neuronal activity and axonogenesis underlie the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the brain. Understanding the role of these affected pathways in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis helps identify appropriate points of therapeutic interventions to alleviate neurological dysfunction observed during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Allison Chang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Holly Korthas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Davis M. Seelig
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Walter C. Low
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maxim C. -J. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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16
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Gonzalez-Orozco M, Tseng HC, Hage A, Xia H, Behera P, Afreen K, Peñaflor-Tellez Y, Giraldo MI, Huante M, Puebla-Clark L, van Tol S, Odle A, Crown M, Teruel N, Shelite TR, Menachery V, Endsley M, Endsley JJ, Najmanovich RJ, Bashton M, Stephens R, Shi PY, Xie X, Freiberg AN, Rajsbaum R. TRIM7 ubiquitinates SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein to limit apoptosis and viral replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599107. [PMID: 38948778 PMCID: PMC11212893 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus that causes COVID-19 disease. Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis include excessive inflammation and viral-induced cell death, resulting in tissue damage. We identified the host E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 as an inhibitor of apoptosis and SARS-CoV-2 replication via ubiquitination of the viral membrane (M) protein. Trim7 -/- mice exhibited increased pathology and virus titers associated with epithelial apoptosis and dysregulated immune responses. Mechanistically, TRIM7 ubiquitinates M on K14, which protects cells from cell death. Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 sequence analysis from infected patients revealed that mutations on M-K14 appeared in circulating variants during the pandemic. The relevance of these mutations was tested in a mouse model. A recombinant M-K14/K15R virus showed reduced viral replication, consistent with the role of K15 in virus assembly, and increased levels of apoptosis associated with the loss of ubiquitination on K14. TRIM7 antiviral activity requires caspase-6 inhibition, linking apoptosis with viral replication and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez-Orozco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Hsiang-chi Tseng
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Adam Hage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Padmanava Behera
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Kazi Afreen
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Yoatzin Peñaflor-Tellez
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Maria I. Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Matthew Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Lucinda Puebla-Clark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Sarah van Tol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Abby Odle
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Matthew Crown
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Natalia Teruel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas R Shelite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Vineet Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Mark Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Rafael J. Najmanovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew Bashton
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Robin Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Center for Virus-Host-Innate-Immunity, RBHS Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ
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17
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Hamlin RE, Blish CA. Challenges and opportunities in long COVID research. Immunity 2024; 57:1195-1214. [PMID: 38865966 PMCID: PMC11210969 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) is a condition in which patients do not fully recover from the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection but rather have persistent or new symptoms for months to years following the infection. Ongoing research efforts are investigating the pathophysiologic mechanisms of LC and exploring preventative and therapeutic treatment approaches for patients. As a burgeoning area of investigation, LC research can be structured to be more inclusive, innovative, and effective. In this perspective, we highlight opportunities for patient engagement and diverse research expertise, as well as the challenges of developing definitions and reproducible studies. Our intention is to provide a foundation for collaboration and progress in understanding the biomarkers and mechanisms driving LC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Li H, Qian J, Wang Y, Wang J, Mi X, Qu L, Song N, Xie J. Potential convergence of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: The role of neuroinflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102288. [PMID: 38580172 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million individuals worldwide. A common early symptom of PD is olfactory dysfunction (OD), and more than 90% of PD patients suffer from OD. Recent studies have highlighted a high incidence of OD in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review investigates the potential convergence of OD in PD and COVID-19, particularly focusing on the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation contributes to OD and neurological events. Starting from our fundamental understanding of the olfactory bulb, we summarize the clinical features of OD and pathological features of the olfactory bulb from clinical cases and autopsy reports in PD patients. We then examine SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory bulb neuropathology and OD and emphasize the SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammatory cascades potentially leading to PD manifestations. By activating microglia and astrocytes, as well as facilitating the aggregation of α-synuclein, SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to the onset or exacerbation of PD. We also discuss the possible contributions of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the JAK/STAT, p38 MAPK, TLR4, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and cGAS-STING signaling pathways. Although olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 may be reversible, it is challenging to restore OD in patients with PD. With the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the recurrence of infections, we call for continued attention to the intersection between PD and SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially from the perspective of OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junliang Qian
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youcui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mi
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Qu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Solstad AD, Denz PJ, Kenney AD, Mahfooz NS, Speaks S, Gong Q, Robinson RT, Long ME, Forero A, Yount JS, Hemann EA. IFN-λ uniquely promotes CD8 T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 relative to type I IFN. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171830. [PMID: 38973611 PMCID: PMC11383353 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimization of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 remains an urgent worldwide priority. In this regard, type III IFN (IFN-λ) restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, and treatment with IFN-λ limits infection, inflammation, and pathogenesis in murine models. Furthermore, IFN-λ has been developed for clinical use to limit COVID-19 severity. However, whether endogenous IFN-λ signaling has an effect on SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity and long-term immune protection in vivo is unknown. In this study, we identified a requirement for IFN-λ signaling in promoting viral clearance and protective immune programming in SARS-CoV-2 infection of mice. Expression of both IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) in the lungs were minimally affected by the absence of IFN-λ signaling and correlated with transient increases in viral titers. We found that IFN-λ supported the generation of protective CD8 T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 by facilitating accumulation of CD103+ DC in lung draining lymph nodes (dLN). IFN-λ signaling specifically in DCs promoted the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the proliferation of CD8 T cells. Intriguingly, antigen-specific CD8 T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 was independent of type I IFN signaling, revealing a nonredundant function of IFN-λ. Overall, these studies demonstrate a critical role for IFN-λ in protective innate and adaptive immunity upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that IFN-λ serves as an immune adjuvant to support CD8 T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail D Solstad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Parker J Denz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Najmus S Mahfooz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel Speaks
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiaoke Gong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew E Long
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
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20
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Zhu Y, Cao X, Ying R, Liu K, Chai Y, Luo M, Huang Q, Gao P, Zhang C. Mapping the vast landscape of multisystem complications of COVID-19: Bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30760. [PMID: 38765136 PMCID: PMC11098853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the rapid global spread of COVID-19, it has become evident that the virus can lead to multisystem complications, leading to a significant increase in related publications. Bibliometrics serves as a valuable tool for identifying highly cited literature and research hotspots within specific areas. Objective The aim of this study is to identify current research hotspots and future trends in COVID-19 complications. Methods The dataset was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering COVID-19 complications from December 8, 2019, to October 31, 2022. Various aspects, including publication general information, authors, journals, co-cited authors, co-cited references, research hotspots, and future trends, were subjected to analysis. Visual analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, The Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology, and Charticulator. Results There were 4597 articles in the study. The top three countries with the most published articles are the USA (n = 1350, 29.4 %), China (n = 765, 16.6 %), and Italy (n = 623, 13.6 %). USA and China have the closest collaborative relationship. The institute with the largest number of publications is Huazhong University of Science and Technology, followed by Harvard Medical School. Nevertheless, half of the top 10 institutes belong to the USA. "Rezaei, Nima" published 13 articles and ranked first, followed by "Yaghi, Shadi" with 12 articles and "Frontera, Jennifer" with 12 articles. The journal with the largest number of publications is "Journal of Clinical Medicine". The top 3 co-cited authors are "Zhou, Fei", "Guan, Wei-Jie", "Huang, Chaolin". The top 3 co-cited references addressed COVID-19's clinical features in China and noticed that COVID-19 patients had a wide range of complications. We also list four research hotspots. Conclusions This study conducted a bibliometric visual analysis of the literature on COVID-19 complications and summarized the current research hotspots. This study may provide valuable insights into the complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyu Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongtao Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maocai Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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21
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Viox EG, Bosinger SE, Douek DC, Schreiber G, Paiardini M. Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19. J Virol 2024; 98:e0120423. [PMID: 38651899 PMCID: PMC11092331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01204-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Singh A, Adam A, Aditi, Peng BH, Yu X, Zou J, Kulkarni VV, Kan P, Jiang W, Shi PY, Samir P, Cisneros I, Wang T. A murine model of post-acute neurological sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384516. [PMID: 38765009 PMCID: PMC11099216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral variant is one known risk factor associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), yet the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-induced PASC in K18-hACE2 mice. The virus replicated productively, induced robust inflammatory responses in lung and brain tissues, and caused weight loss and mortality during the acute infection. Longitudinal behavior studies in surviving mice up to 4 months post-acute infection revealed persistent abnormalities in neuropsychiatric state and motor behaviors, while reflex and sensory functions recovered over time. In the brain, no detectable viral RNA and minimal residential immune cell activation was observed in the surviving mice post-acute infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed persistent activation of immune pathways, including humoral responses, complement, and phagocytosis, and gene expression levels associated with ataxia telangiectasia, impaired cognitive function and memory recall, and neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Furthermore, surviving mice maintained potent systemic T helper 1 prone cellular immune responses and strong sera neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants months post-acute infection. Overall, our findings suggest that infection in K18-hACE2 mice recapitulates the persistent clinical symptoms reported in long-COVID patients and provides new insights into the role of systemic and brain residential immune factors in PASC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Aditi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Vikram V. Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Irma Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- NeuroInfectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- NeuroInfectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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23
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Svensson Akusjärvi S, Zanoni I. Yin and yang of interferons: lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102423. [PMID: 38776716 PMCID: PMC11162909 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The host immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 includes the induction of a group of natural antiviral cytokines called interferons (IFNs). Although originally recognized for their ability to potently counteract infections, the mechanistic functions of IFNs in patients with varying severities of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have highlighted a more complex scenario. Cellular and molecular analyses have revealed that timing, location, and subtypes of IFNs produced during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection play a major role in determining disease progression and severity. In this review, we summarize what the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us about the protective and detrimental roles of IFNs during the inflammatory response elicited against a new respiratory virus across different ages and its longitudinal consequences in driving the development of long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Svensson Akusjärvi
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Phan T, Zitzmann C, Chew KW, Smith DM, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Hughes MD, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Li JZ, Ribeiro RM, Ke R, Perelson AS. Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011680. [PMID: 38635853 PMCID: PMC11060554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the loss of lives during the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with variants susceptible to mAb therapy. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response antiviral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Phan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Carolin Zitzmann
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kara W. Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - David A. Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Hughes
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ruian Ke
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
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25
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Baker PJ, Bohrer AC, Castro E, Amaral EP, Snow-Smith M, Torres-Juárez F, Gould ST, Queiroz ATL, Fukutani ER, Jordan CM, Khillan JS, Cho K, Barber DL, Andrade BB, Johnson RF, Hilligan KL, Mayer-Barber KD. The inflammatory microenvironment of the lung at the time of infection governs innate control of SARS-CoV-2 replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.586885. [PMID: 38585846 PMCID: PMC10996686 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.586885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to vastly divergent clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. Co-morbidities, sex, age, host genetics and vaccine status are known to affect disease severity. Yet, how the inflammatory milieu of the lung at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure impacts the control of viral replication remains poorly understood. We demonstrate here that immune events in the mouse lung closely preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly impact viral control and we identify key innate immune pathways required to limit viral replication. A diverse set of pulmonary inflammatory stimuli, including resolved antecedent respiratory infections with S. aureus or influenza, ongoing pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection, ovalbumin/alum-induced asthma or airway administration of defined TLR ligands and recombinant cytokines, all establish an antiviral state in the lung that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication upon infection. In addition to antiviral type I interferons, the broadly inducible inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1 precondition the lung for enhanced viral control. Collectively, our work shows that SARS-CoV-2 may benefit from an immunologically quiescent lung microenvironment and suggests that heterogeneity in pulmonary inflammation that precedes or accompanies SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be a significant factor contributing to the population-wide variability in COVID-19 disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Current Address: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ehydel Castro
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo P. Amaral
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Maryonne Snow-Smith
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Flor Torres-Juárez
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sydnee T. Gould
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Current Address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Artur T. L. Queiroz
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R. Fukutani
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Cassandra M. Jordan
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jaspal S. Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Bahia 41810-710, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Research, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Reed F. Johnson
- SCV2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Wang Y, Lindstam M, Hwang D, Jedlina L, Liu M. Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Aptamer on Coronaviral Infection-Induced Lung Injury and Systemic Inflammatory Responses. Cells 2024; 13:422. [PMID: 38474386 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronaviral infection-induced acute lung injury has become a major threat to public health, especially through the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Apta-1 is a newly discovered Aptamer that has anti-inflammatory effects on systemic septic responses. The therapeutic effects of Apta-1 on coronaviral infection-induced acute lung injury and systemic responses were evaluated in the present study. METHODS Female A/J mice (at 12-14 weeks of age) were challenged with murine hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1), a coronavirus, at 5000 PFU intranasally, followed by Apta-1 intravenously administered (100 mg/kg, twice) 1.5 h or 2 days after viral delivery. Animals were sacrificed at Day 2 or Day 4. Lung tissues were examined with H&E, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blotting. RT-qPCR was used for cytokine gene expression. Serum and plasma were collected for laboratory assessments. RESULTS Apta-1 treatment reduced viral titers, prevented MHV-1-induced reduction of circulating blood volume and hemolysis, reduced alveolar space hemorrhage, and protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) cleavage. Apta-1 treatment also significantly reduced chemokine (MKC, MCP-1, and RANTES) levels, as well as AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and reduced unconjugated bilirubin levels in the serum. CONCLUSION Apta-1 showed therapeutic benefits in coronaviral infection-induced hemorrhage and PAR-1 cleavage in the lung. It also has anti-inflammatory effects systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - David Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine, and Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Pang HH, Li NS, Hsu YP, Ju SP, Syu GD, Du PX, Huang CY, Wei KC, Yang HW. AI-Driven Design System for Fabrication of Inhalable Nanocatchers for Virus Capture and Neutralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302927. [PMID: 37986024 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic presents a critical threat to humanity, with no effective rapid-response solutions for early-stage virus dissemination. This study aims to create an AI-driven entry-blocker design system (AIEB) to fabricate inhalable virus-like nanocatchers (VLNCs) fused with entry-blocking peptides (EBPs) to counter pandemic viruses and explore therapeutic applications. This work focuses on developing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-mimic domain-fused VLNCs (ACE2@VLNCs) using AIEB and analyzing their interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), demonstrating their potential to hinder SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aerosol-based tests show ACE2@VLNCs persist over 70 min in the air and neutralize pseudoviruses within 30 min, indicating their utility in reducing airborne virus transmission. In vivo results reveal ACE2@VLNCs mitigate over 67% of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Biosafety studies confirm their safety, causing no damage to eyes, skin, lungs, or trachea, and not eliciting significant immune responses. These findings offer crucial insights into pandemic virus prevention and treatment, highlighting the potential of the ACE2@VLNCs system as a promising strategy against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Si Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Pei Hsu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Da Syu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Xian Du
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, 23652, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Hu Q, Zhu A, Chen F, Li S, Guan X, Lv C, Tang T, He Y, Cheng J, Zheng J, Hu X, Zhao J, Zhao J, Sun J. SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:119-133. [PMID: 38238440 PMCID: PMC10806257 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide health crisis due to its transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in severe respiratory illness and can lead to significant complications in affected individuals. These complications encompass symptoms such as coughing, respiratory distress, fever, infectious shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even multiple-organ failure. Animal models serve as crucial tools for investigating pathogenic mechanisms, immune responses, immune escape mechanisms, antiviral drug development, and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, various animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as nonhuman primates (NHPs), ferrets, hamsters, and many different mouse models, have been developed. Each model possesses distinctive features and applications. In this review, we elucidate the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and provide an overview of the characteristics of various animal models mainly used for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the corresponding immune responses and applications of these models. A comparative analysis of transcriptomic alterations in the lungs from different animal models revealed that the K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus mouse models exhibited the highest similarity with the deceased COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlighted the current gaps in related research between animal model studies and clinical investigations, underscoring lingering scientific questions that demand further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Shu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jinling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
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M Bader S, Cooney JP, Bhandari R, Mackiewicz L, Dayton M, Sheerin D, Georgy SR, Murphy JM, Davidson KC, Allison CC, Pellegrini M, Doerflinger M. Necroptosis does not drive disease pathogenesis in a mouse infective model of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:100. [PMID: 38286985 PMCID: PMC10825138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a type of lytic cell death executed by the pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) has been implicated in the detrimental inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We minimally and extensively passaged a single clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolate to create models of mild and severe disease in mice allowing us to dissect the role of necroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis. We infected wild-type and MLKL-deficient mice and found no significant differences in viral loads or lung pathology. In our model of severe COVID-19, MLKL-deficiency did not alter the host response, ameliorate weight loss, diminish systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, or prevent lethality in aged animals. Our in vivo models indicate that necroptosis is dispensable in the pathogenesis of mild and severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Bader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Reet Bhandari
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Liana Mackiewicz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Merle Dayton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Smitha Rose Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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30
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Li K, Verma A, Li P, Ortiz ME, Hawkins GM, Schnicker NJ, Szachowicz PJ, Pezzulo AA, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Kicmal T, Meyerholz DK, Gallagher T, Perlman S, McCray PB. Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 H353K mice reveals new spike residues that drive mouse infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0151023. [PMID: 38168680 PMCID: PMC10804960 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01510-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause extraordinary loss of life and economic damage. Animal models of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are needed to better understand disease pathogenesis and evaluate preventive measures and therapies. While mice are widely used to model human disease, mouse angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) does not bind the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to mediate viral entry. To overcome this limitation, we "humanized" mouse Ace2 using CRISPR gene editing to introduce a single amino acid substitution, H353K, predicted to facilitate S protein binding. While H353K knockin Ace2 (mACE2H353K) mice supported SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, they exhibited minimal disease manifestations. Following 30 serial passages of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in mACE2H353K mice, we generated and cloned a more virulent virus. A single isolate (SARS2MA-H353K) was prepared for detailed studies. In 7-11-month-old mACE2H353K mice, a 104 PFU inocula resulted in diffuse alveolar disease manifested as edema, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial cellular infiltration/thickening. Unexpectedly, the mouse-adapted virus also infected standard BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and caused severe disease. The mouse-adapted virus acquired five new missense mutations including two in spike (K417E, Q493K), one each in nsp4, nsp9, and M and a single nucleotide change in the 5' untranslated region. The Q493K spike mutation arose early in serial passage and is predicted to provide affinity-enhancing molecular interactions with mACE2 and further increase the stability and affinity to the receptor. This new model and mouse-adapted virus will be useful to evaluate COVID-19 disease and prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.IMPORTANCEWe developed a new mouse model with a humanized angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) locus that preserves native regulatory elements. A single point mutation in mouse ACE2 (H353K) was sufficient to confer in vivo infection with ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus. Through in vivo serial passage, a virulent mouse-adapted strain was obtained. In aged mACE2H353K mice, the mouse-adapted strain caused diffuse alveolar disease. The mouse-adapted virus also infected standard BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, causing severe disease. The mouse-adapted virus acquired five new missense mutations including two in spike (K417E, Q493K), one each in nsp4, nsp9, and M and a single nucleotide change in the 5' untranslated region. The Q493K spike mutation arose early in serial passage and is predicted to provide affinity-enhancing molecular interactions with mACE2 and further increase the stability and affinity to the receptor. This new model and mouse-adapted virus will be useful to evaluate COVID-19 disease and prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Miguel E. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Grant M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Szachowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Kicmal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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31
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Singh A, Adam A, Aditi, Peng BH, Yu X, Zou J, Kulkarni VV, Kan P, Jiang W, Shi PY, Samir P, Cisneros I, Wang T. A Murine Model of Post-acute Neurological Sequelae Following SARS-CoV-2 Variant Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574064. [PMID: 38260531 PMCID: PMC10802283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Viral variant is one known risk factor associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), yet the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here, we studied SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-induced PASC in K18-hACE2 mice. The virus replicated productively, induced robust inflammatory responses in lung and brain tissues, and caused weight loss and mortality during the acute infection. Longitudinal behavior studies in surviving mice up to 4 months post-acute infection revealed persistent abnormalities in neuropsychiatric state and motor behaviors, while reflex and sensory functions recovered over time. Surviving mice showed no detectable viral RNA in the brain and minimal neuroinflammation post-acute infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed persistent activation of immune pathways, including humoral responses, complement, and phagocytosis, and reduced levels of genes associated with ataxia telangiectasia, impaired cognitive function and memory recall, and neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Furthermore, surviving mice maintained potent T helper 1 prone cellular immune responses and high neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants in the periphery for months post-acute infection. Overall, infection in K18-hACE2 mice recapitulates the persistent clinical symptoms reported in long COVID patients and may be useful for future assessment of the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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32
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Meinhardt J, Streit S, Dittmayer C, Manitius RV, Radbruch H, Heppner FL. The neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:30-42. [PMID: 38049610 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, over 694 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with an estimated 55-60% of those infected developing COVID-19. Since the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019, different variants of concern have appeared and continue to occur. With the emergence of different variants, an increasing rate of vaccination and previous infections, the acute neurological symptomatology of COVID-19 changed. Moreover, 10-45% of individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection experience symptoms even 3 months after disease onset, a condition that has been defined as 'post-COVID-19' by the World Health Organization and that occurs independently of the virus variant. The pathomechanisms of COVID-19-related neurological complaints have become clearer during the past 3 years. To date, there is no overt - that is, truly convincing - evidence for SARS-CoV-2 particles in the brain. In this Review, we put special emphasis on discussing the methodological difficulties of viral detection in CNS tissue and discuss immune-based (systemic and central) effects contributing to COVID-19-related CNS affection. We sequentially review the reported changes to CNS cells in COVID-19, starting with the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier - as systemic factors from the periphery appear to primarily influence barriers and conduits - before we describe changes in brain parenchymal cells, including microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes as well as cerebral lymphocytes. These findings are critical to understanding CNS affection in acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 in order to translate these findings into treatment options, which are still very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Meinhardt
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Streit
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Dittmayer
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina V Manitius
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Bar-On L, Dekel H, Aftalion M, Chitlaru T, Erez N. Essential role for Batf3-dependent dendritic cells in regulating CD8 T-cell response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294176. [PMID: 38150441 PMCID: PMC10752548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits robust CD8 T-cell responses, yet the identity of the mechanisms playing dominant roles in initiating the virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we interrogate the contribution of the cDC1 subset to SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T-cell immunity. For this purpose, we used a novel murine line which combines the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible K18-hACE2 transgenic and the Batf3 deficient mice which lack the cDC1 subset. We demonstrate that in the absence of cDC1, viral-specific CD8 T-cell responses were severely impaired both in the draining lymph node as well as in the lungs, during the effector phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory CD8 T-cells in the lungs and spleens were also significantly impacted, whereas humoral responses, as well as CD4 T-cells were not affected. Additionally, we demonstrate that the absence of cDC1 subset, and the consequent impaired CD8 T-cell responses, resulted in significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the lungs. The conclusions of the study were further independently corroborated in an additional COVID-19 murine model consisting infection with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus. These results underscore a specific role for Batf3-dependent DC in regulating SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T-cell responses and may contribute to future vaccine design and immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Bar-On
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hani Dekel
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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Lafont Rapnouil B, Zaarour Y, Arrestier R, Bastard P, Peiffer B, Moncomble E, Parfait M, Bellaïche R, Casanova JL, Mekontso Dessap A, Mule S, de Prost N. Chest Computed Tomography Characteristics of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Auto-antibodies Against Type I Interferons. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:15. [PMID: 38129345 PMCID: PMC10739505 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with auto-antibodies neutralizing type I interferons (anti-IFN auto-Abs) are at risk of severe forms of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The chest computed tomography (CT) scan characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients harboring these auto-Abs have never been reported. METHODS Bicentric ancillary study of the ANTICOV study (observational prospective cohort of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure between March 2020 and May 2021) on chest CT scan characteristics (severity score, parenchymal, pleural, vascular patterns). Anti-IFN auto-Abs were detected using a luciferase neutralization reporting assay. Imaging data were collected through independent blinded reading of two thoracic radiologists of chest CT studies performed at ICU admission (± 72 h). The primary outcome measure was the evaluation of severity by the total severity score (TSS) and the CT severity score (CTSS) according to the presence or absence of anti-IFN auto-Abs. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-one critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in the study (mean age 59.5 ± 12.7 years; males 74.6%). Day 90 mortality was 29.5% (n = 72/244). There was a trend towards more severe radiological lesions in patients with anti-IFN auto-Abs than in others, not reaching statistical significance (median CTSS 27.5 (21.0-34.8) versus 24.0 (19.0-30.0), p = 0.052; median TSS 14.5 (10.2-17.0) versus 12.0 (9.0-15.0), p = 0.070). The extra-parenchymal evaluation found no difference in the proportion of patients with pleural effusion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, or thymal abnormalities in the two populations. The prevalence of pulmonary embolism was not significantly different between groups (8.7% versus 5.3%, p = 0.623, n = 175). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in disease severity as evaluated by chest CT in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure with or without anti-IFN auto-Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Lafont Rapnouil
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Youssef Zaarour
- Département d'imagerie médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Romain Arrestier
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistante Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, EU, France
| | - Bastien Peiffer
- Service de Santé Publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Elsa Moncomble
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Mélodie Parfait
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Bellaïche
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistante Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, EU, France
| | - Armand Mekontso Dessap
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Mule
- Département d'imagerie médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas de Prost
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France.
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France.
- INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris Est Créteil, CEDEX, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France.
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Bragazzi Cunha J, Leix K, Sherman EJ, Mirabelli C, Frum T, Zhang CJ, Kennedy AA, Lauring AS, Tai AW, Sexton JZ, Spence JR, Wobus CE, Emmer BT. Type I interferon signaling induces a delayed antiproliferative response in respiratory epithelial cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0127623. [PMID: 37975674 PMCID: PMC10734423 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01276-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Disease progression during SARS-CoV-2 infection is tightly linked to the fate of lung epithelial cells, with severe cases of COVID-19 characterized by direct injury of the alveolar epithelium and an impairment in its regeneration from progenitor cells. The molecular pathways that govern respiratory epithelial cell death and proliferation during SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remain unclear. We now report a high-throughput CRISPR screen for host genetic modifiers of the survival and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2-infected Calu-3 respiratory epithelial cells. The top four genes identified in our screen encode components of the same type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling complex—IFNAR1, IFNAR2, JAK1, and TYK2. The fifth gene, ACE2, was an expected control encoding the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptor. Surprisingly, despite the antiviral properties of IFN-I signaling, its disruption in our screen was associated with an increase in Calu-3 cell fitness. We validated this effect and found that IFN-I signaling did not sensitize SARS-CoV-2-infected cultures to cell death but rather inhibited the proliferation of surviving cells after the early peak of viral replication and cytopathic effect. We also found that IFN-I signaling alone, in the absence of viral infection, was sufficient to induce this delayed antiproliferative response in both Calu-3 cells and iPSC-derived type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Together, these findings highlight a cell autonomous antiproliferative response by respiratory epithelial cells to persistent IFN-I signaling during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This response may contribute to the deficient alveolar regeneration that has been associated with COVID-19 lung injury and represents a promising area for host-targeted therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Leix
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily J. Sherman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles J. Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew A. Kennedy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam S. Lauring
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew W. Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian T. Emmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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36
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Wang C, Khatun MS, Zhang Z, Allen MJ, Chen Z, Ellsworth CR, Currey JM, Dai G, Tian D, Bach K, Yin XM, Traina-Dorge V, Rappaport J, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Pociask DA, Qin X. COVID-19 and influenza infections mediate distinct pulmonary cellular and transcriptomic changes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1265. [PMID: 38092883 PMCID: PMC10719262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause persistent respiratory sequelae. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that sub-lethally infected K18-human ACE2 mice show patchy pneumonia associated with histiocytic inflammation and collagen deposition at 21 and 45 days post infection (DPI). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that compared to influenza-infected mice, SARS-CoV-2-infected mice had reduced interferon-gamma/alpha responses at 4 DPI and failed to induce keratin 5 (Krt5) at 6 DPI in lung, a marker of nascent pulmonary progenitor cells. Histologically, influenza- but not SARS-CoV-2-infected mice showed extensive Krt5+ "pods" structure co-stained with stem cell markers Trp63/NGFR proliferated in the pulmonary consolidation area at both 7 and 14 DPI, with regression at 21 DPI. These Krt5+ "pods" structures were not observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected humans or nonhuman primates. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection fails to induce nascent Krt5+ cell proliferation in consolidated regions, leading to incomplete repair of the injured lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michaela J Allen
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Calder R Ellsworth
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joshua M Currey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Guixiang Dai
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Konrad Bach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Vicki Traina-Dorge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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37
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Hilligan KL, Namasivayam S, Clancy CS, Baker PJ, Old SI, Peluf V, Amaral EP, Oland SD, O'Mard D, Laux J, Cohen M, Garza NL, Lafont BAP, Johnson RF, Feng CG, Jankovic D, Lamiable O, Mayer-Barber KD, Sher A. Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8229. [PMID: 38086794 PMCID: PMC10716133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication; however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We previously observed that lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG achieved though intravenous (iv) administration provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice yet drives low levels of type-1 IFNs but robust IFNγ. Here we examine the role of ongoing IFNγ responses to pre-established bacterial infection on SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in two murine models. We report that IFNγ is required for iv BCG induced reduction in pulmonary viral loads, an outcome dependent on IFNγ receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Importantly, we show that BCG infection prompts pulmonary epithelial cells to upregulate IFN-stimulated genes with reported anti-viral activity in an IFNγ-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed protection. Finally, we confirm the anti-viral properties of IFNγ by demonstrating that the recombinant cytokine itself provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge when administered intranasally. Together, our data show that a pre-established IFNγ response within the lung is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that concurrent or recent infections that drive IFNγ may limit the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and supporting possible prophylactic uses of IFNγ in COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chad S Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuel I Old
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Victoria Peluf
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo P Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandra D Oland
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Danielle O'Mard
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julie Laux
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie Cohen
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicole L Garza
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bernard A P Lafont
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- SARS-CoV2- Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Immunoparasitology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olivier Lamiable
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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38
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Saturday T, van Doremalen N. Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in nonhuman primates. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 63:101375. [PMID: 37826865 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The continued pressure of COVID-19 on public health worldwide underlines the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Though many animal models are readily available for use, the nonhuman primate (NHP) models are considered the gold standard in recapitulating disease progression in humans. In this review, we highlight the relevant research since the beginning of the pandemic to critically evaluate the importance of this model. We characterize the disease's clinical manifestations, aspects of viral replication and shedding, induction of the host's immune response, and pathological findings that broaden our understanding of the importance of NHPs in research to strengthen our public health approach to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Saturday
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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39
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Rodríguez-Morales P, Franklin RA. Macrophage phenotypes and functions: resolving inflammation and restoring homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:986-998. [PMID: 37940394 PMCID: PMC10841626 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation must be tightly regulated to both defend against pathogens and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammatory responses is a dynamic process orchestrated by cells of the immune system. Macrophages, tissue-resident innate immune cells, are key players in modulating inflammation. Here, we review recent work highlighting the importance of macrophages in tissue resolution and the return to homeostasis. We propose that enhancing macrophage pro-resolution functions represents a novel and widely applicable therapeutic strategy to dampen inflammation, promote repair, and restore tissue integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth A Franklin
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Chauhan NR, Kundu S, Bal R, Chattopadhyay D, Sahu R, Mehto S, Yadav R, Krishna S, Jena KK, Satapathy S, Pv A, Murmu KC, Singh B, Patnaik S, Jena S, Harshan KH, Syed GH, Idris MM, Prasad P, Chauhan S. Transgenic mouse models support a protective role of type I IFN response in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related lung immunopathology and neuroinvasion. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113275. [PMID: 37874678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) response is the first line of host defense against invading viruses. In the absence of definite mouse models, the role of IFN-I in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains perplexing. Here, we develop two mouse models, one with constitutively high IFN-I response (hACE2; Irgm1-/-) and the other with dampened IFN-I response (hACE2; Ifnar1-/-), to comprehend the role of IFN-I response. We report that hACE2; Irgm1-/- mice are resistant to lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection along with immune cell infiltration, cytokine storm, and enhanced pathology is observed in the lungs and brain of hACE2; Ifnar1-/- mice. The hACE2; Irgm1-/-Ifnar1-/- double-knockout mice display loss of the protective phenotype observed in hACE2; Irgm1-/- mice, suggesting that heightened IFN-I response accounts for the observed immunity. Taking the results together, we demonstrate that IFN-I protects from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection, and Irgm1 (IRGM) could be an excellent therapeutic target against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India.
| | - Soumya Kundu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Ramyasingh Bal
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Diya Chattopadhyay
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Rinku Sahu
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Subhash Mehto
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Rina Yadav
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sivaram Krishna
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Kautilya Kumar Jena
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Sameekshya Satapathy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Anusha Pv
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Krushna C Murmu
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Bharati Singh
- Virus-Host Interactions Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sarita Jena
- Experimental Animal Facility, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Krishnan H Harshan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Gulam Hussain Syed
- Virus-Host Interactions Lab, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammed M Idris
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Punit Prasad
- Epigenetic and Chromatin Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell Biology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, India; CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India.
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Potamias G, Gkoublia P, Kanterakis A. The two-stage molecular scenery of SARS-CoV-2 infection with implications to disease severity: An in-silico quest. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251067. [PMID: 38077337 PMCID: PMC10699200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The two-stage molecular profile of the progression of SARS-CoV-2 (SCOV2) infection is explored in terms of five key biological/clinical questions: (a) does SCOV2 exhibits a two-stage infection profile? (b) SARS-CoV-1 (SCOV1) vs. SCOV2: do they differ? (c) does and how SCOV2 differs from Influenza/INFL infection? (d) does low viral-load and (e) does COVID-19 early host response relate to the two-stage SCOV2 infection profile? We provide positive answers to the above questions by analyzing the time-series gene-expression profiles of preserved cell-lines infected with SCOV1/2 or, the gene-expression profiles of infected individuals with different viral-loads levels and different host-response phenotypes. Methods Our analytical methodology follows an in-silico quest organized around an elaborate multi-step analysis pipeline including: (a) utilization of fifteen gene-expression datasets from NCBI's gene expression omnibus/GEO repository; (b) thorough designation of SCOV1/2 and INFL progression stages and COVID-19 phenotypes; (c) identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched biological processes and pathways that contrast and differentiate between different infection stages and phenotypes; (d) employment of a graph-based clustering process for the induction of coherent groups of networked genes as the representative core molecular fingerprints that characterize the different SCOV2 progression stages and the different COVID-19 phenotypes. In addition, relying on a sensibly selected set of induced fingerprint genes and following a Machine Learning approach, we devised and assessed the performance of different classifier models for the differentiation of acute respiratory illness/ARI caused by SCOV2 or other infections (diagnostic classifiers), as well as for the prediction of COVID-19 disease severity (prognostic classifiers), with quite encouraging results. Results The central finding of our experiments demonstrates the down-regulation of type-I interferon genes (IFN-1), interferon induced genes (ISGs) and fundamental innate immune and defense biological processes and molecular pathways during the early SCOV2 infection stages, with the inverse to hold during the later ones. It is highlighted that upregulation of these genes and pathways early after infection may prove beneficial in preventing subsequent uncontrolled hyperinflammatory and potentially lethal events. Discussion The basic aim of our study was to utilize in an intuitive, efficient and productive way the most relevant and state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods to reveal the core molecular mechanisms which govern the progression of SCOV2 infection and the different COVID-19 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Potamias
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polymnia Gkoublia
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
- Graduate Bioinformatics Program, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kanterakis
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
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O'Meara TR, Nanishi E, McGrath ME, Barman S, Dong D, Dillen C, Menon M, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Ernst RK, Levy O, Frieman MB, Dowling DJ. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and protection in mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1107-1120.e6. [PMID: 37595760 PMCID: PMC10841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes from infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019. These conditions are also associated with distinct responses to immunization, including an impaired response to widely used severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish a connection between reduced immunization efficacy via modeling the effects of metabolic diseases on vaccine immunogenicity that is essential for the development of more effective vaccines for this distinct vulnerable population. METHODS A murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was used to model the effects of comorbid T2DM and obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and protection. RESULTS Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Relative to mice fed a normal diet, HFD mice vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine exhibited significantly lower anti-spike IgG titers, predominantly in the IgG2c subclass, associated with a lower type 1 response, along with a 3.83-fold decrease in neutralizing titers. Furthermore, enhanced vaccine-induced spike-specific CD8+ T-cell activation and protection from lung infection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge were seen only in mice fed a normal diet but not in HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated impaired immunity following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA immunization in a murine model of comorbid T2DM and obesity, supporting the need for further research into the basis for impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in T2DM and investigation of novel approaches to enhance vaccine immunogenicity among those with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R O'Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Danica Dong
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Choi EA, Park HJ, Choi SM, Lee JI, Jung KC. Prevention of severe lung immunopathology associated with influenza infection through adeno-associated virus vector administration. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:26. [PMID: 37904257 PMCID: PMC10614381 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have long posed a threat to humans, occasionally causing significant morbidity and mortality. The initial immune response is triggered by infected epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells. However, an exaggerated innate immune response can result in severe lung injury and even host mortality. One notable pathology observed in hosts succumbing to severe influenza is the excessive influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lung. In this study, we investigated a strategy for controlling lung immunopathology following severe influenza infection. RESULTS To evaluate the impact of innate immunity on influenza-associated lung injury, we employed CB17.SCID and NOD.SCID mice. NOD.SCID mice exhibited slower weight loss and longer survival than CB17.SCID mice following influenza infection. Lung inflammation was reduced in NOD.SCID mice compared to CB17.SCID mice. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis of lung tissue showed significant downregulation of 827 genes, and differentially expressed gene analysis indicated that the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was predominantly downregulated in NOD.SCID mice. Interestingly, the expression of the Cxcl14 gene was higher in the lungs of influenza-infected NOD.SCID mice than in CB17.SCID mice. Therefore, we induced overexpression of the Cxcl14 gene in the lung using the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-vector system for target gene delivery. However, when we administered the AAV9 vector carrying the Cxcl14 gene or a control AAV9 vector to BALB/c mice from both groups, the morbidity and mortality rates remained similar. Both groups exhibited lower morbidity and mortality than the naive group that did not receive the AAV9 vector prior to IAV infection, suggesting that the pre-administration of the AAV9 vector conferred protection against lethal influenza infection, irrespective of Cxcl14 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that pre-inoculation of BALB/c mice with AAV9 attenuated the infiltration of trans-macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes in the lungs following IAV infection. Although there was no difference in lung viral titers between the naive group and the AAV9 pre-inoculated group, pre-inoculation with AAV9 conferred lung injury protection against lethal influenza infection in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that pre-inoculation with AAV9 prior to IAV infection protected mouse lungs from immunopathology by reducing the recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jung Park
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Graduate Course of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Trevino TN, Fogel AB, Minshall R, Richner JM, Lutz SE. Caveolin-1 mediates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563024. [PMID: 37905019 PMCID: PMC10614946 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration of the CNS can contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Brain endothelial cells regulate adhesion, activation, and diapedesis of T cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in inflammatory diseases. The integral membrane protein Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) critically regulates BBB permeability, but its influence on T cell CNS infiltration in respiratory viral infections is unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the role of Cav-1 at the BBB in neuroinflammation in a COVID-19 mouse model. We used mice genetically deficient in Cav-1 to test the role of this protein in T cell infiltration and cognitive impairment. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulated brain endothelial Cav-1. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection increased brain endothelial cell vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and CD3+ T cell infiltration of the hippocampus, a region important for short term learning and memory. Concordantly, we observed learning and memory deficits. Importantly, genetic deficiency in Cav-1 attenuated brain endothelial VCAM-1 expression and T cell infiltration in the hippocampus of mice with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, Cav-1 KO mice were protected from the learning and memory deficits caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results indicate the importance of BBB permeability in COVID-19 neuroinflammation and suggest potential therapeutic value of targeting Cav-1 to improve disease outcomes.
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Kawakami E, Saiki N, Yoneyama Y, Moriya C, Maezawa M, Kawamura S, Kinebuchi A, Kono T, Funata M, Sakoda A, Kondo S, Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Togami Y, Ogura H, Sugihara F, Okuzaki D, Kojima T, Deguchi S, Vallee S, McQuade S, Islam R, Natarajan M, Ishigaki H, Nakayama M, Nguyen CT, Kitagawa Y, Wu Y, Mori K, Hishiki T, Takasaki T, Itoh Y, Takayama K, Nio Y, Takebe T. Complement factor D targeting protects endotheliopathy in organoid and monkey models of COVID-19. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1315-1330.e10. [PMID: 37802037 PMCID: PMC10575686 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is linked to endotheliopathy and coagulopathy, which can result in multi-organ failure. The mechanisms causing endothelial damage due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain elusive. Here, we developed an infection-competent human vascular organoid from pluripotent stem cells for modeling endotheliopathy. Longitudinal serum proteome analysis identified aberrant complement signature in critically ill patients driven by the amplification cycle regulated by complement factor B and D (CFD). This deviant complement pattern initiates endothelial damage, neutrophil activation, and thrombosis specific to organoid-derived human blood vessels, as verified through intravital imaging. We examined a new long-acting, pH-sensitive (acid-switched) antibody targeting CFD. In both human and macaque COVID-19 models, this long-acting anti-CFD monoclonal antibody mitigated abnormal complement activation, protected endothelial cells, and curtailed the innate immune response post-viral exposure. Collectively, our findings suggest that the complement alternative pathway exacerbates endothelial injury and inflammation. This underscores the potential of CFD-targeted therapeutics against severe viral-induced inflammathrombotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kawakami
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Norikazu Saiki
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Chiharu Moriya
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mari Maezawa
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Kawamura
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Kinebuchi
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kono
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Funata
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakoda
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kondo
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-3-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sebastien Vallee
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susan McQuade
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; BPS Biosciences Inc., 6405 Mira Mesa Blvd. Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rizwana Islam
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Madhusudan Natarajan
- Rare Disease DDU, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Cong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yunheng Wu
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mori
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Information Technology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Research Center for Medical Bigdata, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 100-0003, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1, Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan; Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1, Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan; Advanced Technology and Development Division, BML, INC, 1361-1, Matoba, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nio
- T-CiRA Discovery & Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Organoid Medicine Project, T-CiRA Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition & Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; The Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe) and Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Tan JY, Anderson DE, Rathore AP, O’Neill A, Mantri CK, Saron WA, Lee CQ, Cui CW, Kang AE, Foo R, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Ho L, Tambyah P, Burke TW, Woods CW, Chan KR, Karhausen J, St. John AL. Mast cell activation in lungs during SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with lung pathology and severe COVID-19. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e149834. [PMID: 37561585 PMCID: PMC10541193 DOI: 10.1172/jci149834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung inflammation is a hallmark of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients who are severely ill, and the pathophysiology of disease is thought to be immune mediated. Mast cells (MCs) are polyfunctional immune cells present in the airways, where they respond to certain viruses and allergens and often promote inflammation. We observed widespread degranulation of MCs during acute and unresolved airway inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice and nonhuman primates. Using a mouse model of MC deficiency, MC-dependent interstitial pneumonitis, hemorrhaging, and edema in the lung were observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In humans, transcriptional changes in patients requiring oxygen supplementation also implicated cells with a MC phenotype in severe disease. MC activation in humans was confirmed through detection of MC-specific proteases, including chymase, the levels of which were significantly correlated with disease severity and with biomarkers of vascular dysregulation. These results support the involvement of MCs in lung tissue damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models and the association of MC activation with severe COVID-19 in humans, suggesting potential strategies for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janessa Y.J. Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Danielle E. Anderson
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abhay P.S. Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aled O’Neill
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | - Cheryl Q.E. Lee
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore
| | - Chu Wern Cui
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore
| | - Adrian E.Z. Kang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Randy Foo
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jenny G. Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore
| | - Paul Tambyah
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Infectious Disease, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thomas W. Burke
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jörn Karhausen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley L. St. John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore
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Lin HF, Liu MQ, Jiang RD, Gong QC, Su J, Guo ZS, Chen Y, Jia JK, Dong TY, Zhu Y, Li A, Shen XR, Wang Y, Li B, Xie TT, Yang XL, Hu B, Shi ZL. Characterization of a mouse-adapted strain of bat severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0079023. [PMID: 37607058 PMCID: PMC10537601 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00790-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats carry genetically diverse severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs). Some of them utilize human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as a receptor and cannot efficiently replicate in wild-type mice. Our previous study demonstrated that the bat SARSr-CoV rRsSHC014S induces respiratory infection and lung damage in hACE2 transgenic mice but not wild-type mice. In this study, we generated a mouse-adapted strain of rRsSHC014S, which we named SMA1901, by serial passaging of wild-type virus in BALB/c mice. SMA1901 showed increased infectivity in mouse lungs and induced interstitial lung pneumonia in both young and aged mice after intranasal inoculation. Genome sequencing revealed mutations in not only the spike protein but the whole genome, which may be responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity of SMA1901 in wild-type BALB/c mice. SMA1901 induced age-related mortality similar to that observed in SARS and COVID-19. Drug testing using antibodies and antiviral molecules indicated that this mouse-adapted virus strain can be used to test prophylactic and therapeutic drug candidates against SARSr-CoVs. IMPORTANCE The genetic diversity of SARSr-CoVs in wildlife and their potential risk of cross-species infection highlights the importance of developing a powerful animal model to evaluate the antibodies and antiviral drugs. We acquired the mouse-adapted strain of a bat-origin coronavirus named SMA1901 by natural serial passaging of rRsSHC014S in BALB/c mice. The SMA1901 infection caused interstitial pneumonia and inflammatory immune responses in both young and aged BALB/c mice after intranasal inoculation. Our model exhibited age-related mortality similar to SARS and COVID-19. Therefore, our model will be of high value for investigating the pathogenesis of bat SARSr-CoVs and could serve as a prospective test platform for prophylactic and therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Di Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Chun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Kun Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Rui Shen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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48
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Allué-Guardia A, Torrelles JB, Sigal A. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in the elderly: factors driving a higher burden of disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250198. [PMID: 37841265 PMCID: PMC10569613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and SARS-CoV-2 are both infections that can lead to severe disease in the lower lung. However, these two infections are caused by very different pathogens (Mycobacterium vs. virus), they have different mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response, and differ in how long the infection lasts. Despite the differences, SARS-CoV-2 and M.tb share a common feature, which is also frequently observed in other respiratory infections: the burden of disease in the elderly is greater. Here, we discuss possible reasons for the higher burden in older adults, including the effect of co-morbidities, deterioration of the lung environment, auto-immunity, and a reduced antibody response. While the answer is likely to be multifactorial, understanding the main drivers across different infections may allow us to design broader interventions that increase the health-span of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I•CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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49
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Phan T, Zitzmann C, Chew KW, Smith DM, Daar ES, Wohl DA, Eron JJ, Currier JS, Hughes MD, Choudhary MC, Deo R, Li JZ, Ribeiro RM, Ke R, Perelson AS. Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.14.557679. [PMID: 37745410 PMCID: PMC10515893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.14.557679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 760 million cases and 6.9 million deaths worldwide. To mitigate the loss of lives, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with susceptible variants. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response anti-viral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Phan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Carolin Zitzmann
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Kara W. Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davey M. Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Daar
- Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David A. Wohl
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Manish C. Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rinki Deo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ruian Ke
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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50
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Duarte N, Shafi AM, Penha-Gonçalves C, Pais TF. Endothelial type I interferon response and brain diseases: identifying STING as a therapeutic target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1249235. [PMID: 37791071 PMCID: PMC10542901 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium layer lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves relevant physiological functions in all body systems, including the exchanges between blood and extravascular space. However, endothelial cells also participate in innate and adaptive immune response that contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammatory disorders. Type I Interferon (IFN) signaling is an inflammatory response triggered by a variety of pathogens, but it can also be induced by misplaced DNA in the cytosol caused by cell stress or gene mutations. Type I IFN produced by blood leukocytes or by the endothelium itself is well-known to activate the interferon receptor (IFNAR) in endothelial cells. Here, we discuss the induction of type I IFN secretion and signaling in the endothelium, specifically in the brain microvasculature where endothelial cells participate in the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier is targeted during neuroinflammatory disorders such as infection, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. We focus on type I IFN induction through the cGAS-STING activation pathway in endothelial cells in context of autoinflammatory type I interferonopathies, inflammation and infection. By comparing the pathophysiology of two separate infectious diseases-cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium infection and COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection-we emphasize the relevance of type I IFN and STING-induced vasculopathy in organ dysfunction. Investigating the role of endothelial cells as active type I IFN producers and responders in disease pathogenesis could lead to new therapeutic targets. Namely, endothelial dysfunction and brain inflammation may be avoided with strategies that target excessive STING activation in endothelial cells.
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