1
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang C, Chang Y, Han K, Gao Y, Xie J. Characterization of GPX Gene Family in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) under Abiotic Stress and ABA Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8343. [PMID: 39125911 PMCID: PMC11313330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are important enzymes for removing reactive oxygen species in plant cells and are closely related to the stress resistance of plants. This study identified the GPX gene family members of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), "CM333", at the whole-genome level to clarify their expression patterns and enzyme activity changes under abiotic stress and ABA treatment. The results showed that eight CaGPX genes were unevenly distributed across four chromosomes and one scaffold of the pepper genome, and their protein sequences had Cys residues typical of the plant GPX domains. The analysis of collinearity, phylogenetic tree, gene structure, and conserved motifs indicated that the CaGPX gene sequence is conserved, structurally similar, and more closely related to the sequence structure of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, many cis elements involved in stress, hormones, development, and light response were found in the promoter region of the CaGPX gene. In addition, CaGPX1/4 and CaGPX6 were basically expressed in all tissues, and their expression levels were significantly upregulated under abiotic stress and ABA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that CaGPX1 and CaGPX4 are localized in chloroplasts. Additionally, the variations in glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) mostly agreed with the variations in gene expression. In summary, the CaGPXs gene may play an important role in the development of peppers and their response to abiotic stress and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (K.H.); (Y.G.)
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2
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Cao Y, Lu C, Beeraka NM, Efetov S, Enikeev M, Fu Y, Yang X, Basappa B, He M, Li Z. Exploring the relationship between anastasis and mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis in metastatic chemoresistant cancers: a call for investigation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428920. [PMID: 39015566 PMCID: PMC11249567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis induces significant changes in mitochondrial morphology, including membrane condensation, volume reduction, cristae alteration, and outer membrane rupture, affecting mitochondrial function and cellular fate. Recent reports have described the intrinsic cellular iron metabolism and its intricate connection to ferroptosis, a significant kind of cell death characterized by iron dependence and oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, updated molecular insights have elucidated the significance of mitochondria in ferroptosis and its implications in various cancers. In the context of cancer therapy, understanding the dual role of anastasis and ferroptosis in chemoresistance is crucial. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in anastasis may enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, providing a synergistic approach to overcome chemoresistance. Research into how DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, metabolic changes, and redox states interact during anastasis and ferroptosis can offer new insights into designing combinatorial therapeutic regimens against several cancers associated with stemness. These treatments could potentially inhibit anastasis while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis, thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer cells evading death and developing resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, EMT and chemoresistance, and immunotherapeutics to better understand their collective impact on cancer therapy outcomes. We searched public research databases including google scholar, PubMed, relemed, and the national library of medicine related to this topic. In this review, we discussed the interplay between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis implicated in modulating ferroptosis, adding complexity to its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electron transport chain (ETC) in ferroptosis has garnered significant attention. Lipid metabolism, particularly involving GPX4 and System Xc- plays a significant role in both the progression of ferroptosis and cancer. There is a need to investigate the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoresistance to better understand cancer therapy clinical outcomes. Integrating anastasis, and ferroptosis into strategies targeting chemoresistance and exploring its potential synergy with immunotherapy represent promising avenues for advancing chemoresistant cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate interplay among mitochondria, anastasis, ROS, and ferroptosis is vital in oncology, potentially revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chang Lu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sergey Efetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Fu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mingze He
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhi Li
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Krishnamurthy HK, Rajavelu I, Pereira M, Jayaraman V, Krishna K, Wang T, Bei K, Rajasekaran JJ. Inside the genome: understanding genetic influences on oxidative stress. Front Genet 2024; 15:1397352. [PMID: 38983269 PMCID: PMC11231378 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1397352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetics is a key factor that governs the susceptibility to oxidative stress. In the body, oxidative burden is regulated by the balance between the prooxidant genes that orchestrate processes that produce oxidant species, while the antioxidant genes aid those involved in scavenging these species. Together, the two components aid in maintaining the oxidative balance in the body. Genetic variations can influence the expression and activity of the encoded proteins which can then affect their efficiency in regulating redox processes, thereby increasing the risk of oxidative stress. This review studies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that bear relevance to oxidative stress by exploring the variations in the prooxidant genes, such as XDH, CYBA, CYP1A1, PTGS2, NOS, and MAO and antioxidant genes including SOD, CAT, GPX, GSS, GLUL, GSR, GSTM1, GSTM5, GSTP1, TXN and HMOX1. Early identification of individuals at the increased risk of oxidative stress is possible from the assessment of sequence of these genes. Integrating genetic insights into oxidative stress management measures can pave the way for personalized medicine that tailors' healthcare approaches to individual genetic profiles. Effective genetic assessment along with routine quantification of biological markers can improve and monitor treatment strategies, enhancing mitigation approaches that maintain cellular health and promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC., San Carlos, CA, United States
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Zhang N, Liao H, Lin Z, Tang Q. Insights into the Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 in Non-Neoplastic Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:689. [PMID: 38927092 PMCID: PMC11202029 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. Disruptions in the balance between ROS levels and the body's antioxidant defenses can lead to the development of numerous diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), a key component of the body's antioxidant system, is an oxidoreductase enzyme. GPX3 mitigates oxidative damage by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into water. Beyond its antioxidant function, GPX3 is vital in regulating metabolism, modulating cell growth, inducing apoptosis and facilitating signal transduction. It also serves as a significant tumor suppressor in various cancers. Recent studies have revealed aberrant expression of GPX3 in several non-neoplastic diseases, associating it with multiple pathological processes. This review synthesizes the current understanding of GPX3 expression and regulation, highlighting its extensive roles in noncancerous diseases. Additionally, this paper evaluates the potential of GPX3 as a diagnostic biomarker and explores emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme, offering potential avenues for future clinical treatment of non-neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haihan Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (N.Z.); (H.L.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
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Zhu G, Luo D, Zhao Y, Xiang Z, Chen C, Li N, Hao X, Ding X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Pacidusin B isolated from Phyllanthus acidus triggers ferroptotic cell death in HT1080 cells. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38780674 PMCID: PMC11116305 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells generally exhibit 'iron addiction' phenotypes, which contribute to their vulnerability to ferroptosis inducers. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. In the present study, pacidusin B, a dichapetalin-type triterpenoid from Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Euphorbiaceae), induces ferroptosis in the HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. Cells treated with pacidusin B exhibited the morphological characteristic 'ballooning' phenotype of ferroptosis. The biochemical hallmarks of ferroptosis were also observed in pacidusin B-treated cells. Both oxidative stress and ER stress play significant roles in pacidusin B-induced ferroptosis. The activation of the PERK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway led to iron overload, while inhibition of GPX4 further sensitized cancer cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, the molecular docking study showed that pacidusin B docked in the same pocket in xCT as the ferroptosis inducer erastin. These results revealed that pacidusin B exerts anticancer effects via inducing ER-mediated ferroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yueqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengrui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Research Unit of Chemical Biology of Natural Anti-Virus Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Kryl'skii ED, Razuvaev GA, Popova TN, Oleinik SA, Medvedeva SM, Shikhaliev KS. 6-Hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Demonstrates Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Parkinson's Disease by Enhancing the Antioxidant System, Normalising Chaperone Activity and Suppressing Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1387-1405. [PMID: 38502411 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, whereby disturbances within the antioxidant defence system, increased aggregation of proteins, and activation of neuronal apoptosis all have a crucial role in the pathogenesis. In this context, exploring the neuroprotective capabilities of compounds that sustain the effectiveness of cellular defence systems in neurodegenerative disorders is worthwhile. During this study, we assessed how 6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (HTHQ), which has antioxidant properties, affects the functioning of the antioxidant system, the activity of NADPH-generating enzymes and chaperones, and the level of apoptotic processes in rats with rotenone-induced PD. Six groups of animals were formed for our experiment, each with 12 animals. These were: a control group, animals with rotenone-induced PD, rats with PD given HTHQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg, rats with PD given HTHQ at a dose of 25 mg/kg, animals with pathology who were administered a comparison drug rasagiline, and control animals who were administered HTHQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The study results indicate that administering HTHQ led to a significant decrease in oxidative stress in PD rats. The enhanced redox status in animal tissues was linked with the recovery of antioxidant enzyme activities and NADPH-generating enzyme function, as well as an upsurge in the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes and factors Nrf2 and Foxo1. Administering HTHQ to rats with PD normalized the chaperone-like activity and mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70. Rats treated with the compound displayed lower apoptosis intensity when compared to animals with pathology. Therefore, owing to its antioxidant properties, HTHQ demonstrated a beneficial impact on the antioxidant system, resulting in decreased requirements for chaperone activation and the inhibition of apoptosis processes triggered in PD. HTHQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg had a greater impact on the majority of the examined variables compared to rasagiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii D Kryl'skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018.
| | - Grigorii A Razuvaev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
| | - Tatyana N Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
| | - Sergei A Oleinik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
| | - Svetlana M Medvedeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
| | - Khidmet S Shikhaliev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh, Russia, 394018
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7
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Rees J, Sarangi G, Cheng Q, Floor M, Andrés AM, Oliva Miguel B, Villà-Freixa J, Arnér ESJ, Castellano S. Ancient Loss of Catalytic Selenocysteine Spurred Convergent Adaptation in a Mammalian Oxidoreductase. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae041. [PMID: 38447079 PMCID: PMC10958145 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid specified by the genetic code, is a rare selenium-containing residue found in the catalytic site of selenoprotein oxidoreductases. Selenocysteine is analogous to the common cysteine amino acid, but its selenium atom offers physical-chemical properties not provided by the corresponding sulfur atom in cysteine. Catalytic sites with selenocysteine in selenoproteins of vertebrates are under strong purifying selection, but one enzyme, glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPX6), independently exchanged selenocysteine for cysteine <100 million years ago in several mammalian lineages. We reconstructed and assayed these ancient enzymes before and after selenocysteine was lost and up to today and found them to have lost their classic ability to reduce hydroperoxides using glutathione. This loss of function, however, was accompanied by additional amino acid changes in the catalytic domain, with protein sites concertedly changing under positive selection across distant lineages abandoning selenocysteine in glutathione peroxidase 6. This demonstrates a narrow evolutionary range in maintaining fitness when sulfur in cysteine impairs the catalytic activity of this protein, with pleiotropy and epistasis likely driving the observed convergent evolution. We propose that the mutations shared across distinct lineages may trigger enzymatic properties beyond those in classic glutathione peroxidases, rather than simply recovering catalytic rate. These findings are an unusual example of adaptive convergence across mammalian selenoproteins, with the evolutionary signatures possibly representing the evolution of novel oxidoreductase functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rees
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gaurab Sarangi
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Floor
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida M Andrés
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baldomero Oliva Miguel
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Villà-Freixa
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitat de Vic—Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergi Castellano
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genomics, University College London, London, UK
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do Carmo Santos ML, Santos TA, Dos Santos Lopes N, Macedo Ferreira M, Martins Alves AM, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. The selenium-independent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from Theobroma cacao (TcPHGPX) protects plant cells against damages and cell death. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108332. [PMID: 38224638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Proteins from the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family, such as GPX4 or PHGPX in animals, are extensively studied for their antioxidant functions and apoptosis inhibition. GPXs can be selenium-independent or selenium-dependent, with selenium acting as a potential cofactor for GPX activity. However, the relationship of plant GPXs to these functions remains unclear. Recent research indicated an upregulation of Theobroma cacao phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (TcPHGPX) expression during early witches' broom disease stages, suggesting the use of antioxidant mechanisms as a plant defense strategy to reduce disease progression. Witches' broom disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, induces cell death through elicitors like MpNEP2 in advanced infection stages. In this context, in silico and in vitro analyses of TcPHGPX's physicochemical and functional characteristics may elucidate its antioxidant potential and effects against cell death, enhancing understanding of plant GPXs and informing strategies to control witches' broom disease. Results indicated TcPHGPX interaction with selenium compounds, mainly sodium selenite, but without improving the protein function. Protein-protein interaction network suggested cacao GPXs association with glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism, engaging in pathways like signaling, peroxide detection for ABA pathway components, and anthocyanin transport. Tests on tobacco cells revealed that TcPHGPX reduced cell death, associated with decreased membrane damage and H2O2 production induced by MpNEP2. This study is the first functional analysis of TcPHGPX, contributing to knowledge about plant GPXs and supporting studies for witches' broom disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luíza do Carmo Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Taís Araújo Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Natasha Dos Santos Lopes
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Monaliza Macedo Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Akyla Maria Martins Alves
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
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9
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Salas-Orozco MF, Lorenzo-Leal AC, de Alba Montero I, Marín NP, Santana MAC, Bach H. Mechanism of escape from the antibacterial activity of metal-based nanoparticles in clinically relevant bacteria: A systematic review. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 55:102715. [PMID: 37907198 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in severe infections is increasing, especially in nosocomial environments. The ESKAPE group is of special importance in the groups of multi-resistant bacteria due to its high capacity to generate resistance to antibiotics and bactericides. Therefore, metal-based nanomaterials are an attractive alternative to combat them because they have been demonstrated to damage biomolecules in the bacterial cells. However, there is a concern about bacteria developing resistance to NPs and their harmful effects due to environmental accumulation. Therefore, this systematic review aims to report the clinically relevant bacteria that have developed resistance to the NPs. According to the results of this systematic review, various mechanisms to counteract the antimicrobial activity of various NP types have been proposed. These mechanisms can be grouped into the following categories: production of extracellular compounds, metal efflux pumps, ROS response, genetic changes, DNA repair, adaptative morphogenesis, and changes in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Felipe Salas-Orozco
- Facultad de Estomatología, Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nuria Patiño Marín
- Facultad de Estomatología, Laboratorio de Investigación Clinica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Casillas Santana
- Maestría en Estomatología con Opcion Terminal en Ortodoncia, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Bellanti F, Mangieri D, Vendemiale G. Redox Biology and Liver Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:410. [PMID: 38203581 PMCID: PMC10778611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a complex process that develops in chronic liver diseases. Even though the initiation and progression of fibrosis rely on the underlying etiology, mutual mechanisms can be recognized and targeted for therapeutic purposes. Irrespective of the primary cause of liver disease, persistent damage to parenchymal cells triggers the overproduction of reactive species, with the consequent disruption of redox balance. Reactive species are important mediators for the homeostasis of both hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells. Indeed, other than acting as cytotoxic agents, reactive species are able to modulate specific signaling pathways that may be relevant to hepatic fibrogenesis. After a brief introduction to redox biology and the mechanisms of fibrogenesis, this review aims to summarize the current evidence of the involvement of redox-dependent pathways in liver fibrosis and focuses on possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Maia LB, Maiti BK, Moura I, Moura JJG. Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology. Molecules 2023; 29:120. [PMID: 38202704 PMCID: PMC10779653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Living organisms use selenium mainly in the form of selenocysteine in the active site of oxidoreductases. Here, selenium's unique chemistry is believed to modulate the reaction mechanism and enhance the catalytic efficiency of specific enzymes in ways not achievable with a sulfur-containing cysteine. However, despite the fact that selenium/sulfur have different physicochemical properties, several selenoproteins have fully functional cysteine-containing homologues and some organisms do not use selenocysteine at all. In this review, selected selenocysteine-containing proteins will be discussed to showcase both situations: (i) selenium as an obligatory element for the protein's physiological function, and (ii) selenium presenting no clear advantage over sulfur (functional proteins with either selenium or sulfur). Selenium's physiological roles in antioxidant defence (to maintain cellular redox status/hinder oxidative stress), hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair (maintain genetic stability) will be also highlighted, as well as selenium's role in human health. Formate dehydrogenases, hydrogenases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, and iodothyronine deiodinases will be herein featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - Biplab K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
| | - José J. G. Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology | NOVA FCT, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.); (J.J.G.M.)
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Tyagi S, Shumayla, Sharma Y, Madhu, Sharma A, Pandey A, Singh K, Upadhyay SK. TaGPX1-D overexpression provides salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111881. [PMID: 37806453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are known to play an essential role in guarding cells against oxidative stress by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides. The current study aims functional characterization of the TaGPX1-D gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) for salinity and osmotic stress tolerance. To achieve this, we initially performed the spot assays of TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells. The growth of recombinant TaGPX1-D expressing yeast cells was notably higher than the control cells under stress conditions. Later, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaGPX1-D gene and investigated their tolerance to various stress conditions. The transgenic plants exhibited improved tolerance to both salinity and osmotic stresses compared to the wild-type plants. The higher germination rates, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, improved chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline and relative water contents, and reduced hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels in the transgenic lines supported the stress tolerance mechanism. Overall, this study demonstrated the role of TaGPX1-D in abiotic stress tolerance, and it can be used for improving the tolerance of crops to environmental stressors, such as salinity and osmotic stress in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivi Tyagi
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shumayla
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yashraaj Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Madhu
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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El-Sayed AFM, Figueiredo-Silva C, Zeid SMS, Makled SO. Metal-amino acid complexes (Zn, Se, Cu, Fe, and Mn) enhance immune response, antioxidant capacity, liver function enzymes, and expression of cytokine genes in Nile Tilapia reared under field conditions. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:248-262. [PMID: 37501584 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated the effects of partial or total replacement of dietary inorganic trace materials (ITM) with metal-amino acid complexes (MAACs) on immune response, antioxidant capacity, cytokine genes expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in in-pond hapas (mesh cages) under field conditions. METHODS All-male Nile Tilapia with an average initial weight of about 90 g fish-1 were stocked into the hapas, in quadruplicates, at a density of 60 fish per hapa (30 fish m-3 ). The fish in each hapa were acclimatized to culture conditions and test diets for 1 week. Water quality parameters, including temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (mg L-1 ), and total ammonia (mg L-1 ), were monitored regularly. The MAACs were formulated to contain the same mineral concentrations found in the inorganic premix. Metal-amino acid complexes replaced the ITM premix at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% levels (Table 1). The diets were fed to caged Nile Tilapia twice a day, for 80 days, at a daily rate of 3% of their body weights. The fish were weighed every 10 days, and the daily rations were readjusted. At harvest, fish in each hapa were collected, counted, and weighed collectively. Five fish from each hapa were rapidly anesthetized, and used for chemical and physiological analyses, including antioxidant and immune response analyses, liver function analysis, and gene expression. RESULT The activities of lysozyme, respiratory burst (%), alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytic cells, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and liver function enzymes were all improved with increasing supplemental MAACs up to the 50% substitution level. The expression of cytokine genes, including interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, serum alkaline phosphatase, the integrated microbial genomes, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and transforming growth factor genes, was significantly upregulated in fish fed on MAAC-supplemented diets compared with the control group. The 50% MAAC level produced the highest upregulation of these genes, whereas gene expression decreased with increasing dietary MAAC levels to 75% and 100%. The quadratic regression analysis indicated that about 60-65% MAAC is required for maximum promotion of immunological and oxidative stress responses, gene expression, and overall health status of Nile Tilapia reared in in-pond hapas under field conditions. CONCLUSION Replacement of the ITM premix with a MAAC premix enhanced the immune and antioxidant responses of Nile Tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salma M S Zeid
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah O Makled
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Bulut F, Tetiker AT, Çelikkol A, Yılmaz A, Ballica B. Low Antioxidant Enzyme Levels and Oxidative Stress in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Patients. J Voice 2023; 37:924-931. [PMID: 34253427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) is a characterized by symptoms different from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). LPR can causes chronic mucosal inflammation which may lead to an increase in cytokine production, and a systemic decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Our aim in this study is to evaluate antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with LPR. METHODS Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaire, extraesophageal symptom questionnaire which is included in RSI and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) evaluation with 70° rigid laryngoscope were performed to patients who applied to the otolaryngology clinic with a typical LPR complaint, and 60 patients who had an RSI score above 13 and an RFS score above 7 were included in the study. Thirty people consisting of healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Antioxidant enzyme SOD, GSH-Px and CAT levels were measured in the blood serum of the patients and compared with the control group. Results obtained from biochemical tests were expressed as mean ± SE. Descriptive statistical methods (mean ± standard error) were used for the independent t test for the control and study group. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the LPR group, 28 (46%) were women, 32 (53%) were men, and age range was 21-60, average age was 36.45 ± 1.147.There was no significant difference between LPR and control group in terms of age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI). In the LPR group, the lowest score for RSI was 14 and the highest score was 39. The average RSI was 23.67. RFS ranges from 8-22. The mean RFS was 13.50. A highly significant statistical correlation was observed between RSI and total RFS (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the antioxidant enzyme levels of the control group and the LPR group. Antioxidant enzyme levels of the control group were SOD 274.10 ± 26.836 U / L, GSH-Px 174.20 ± 20.699 µU / mL and CAT 42.2898 ± 20.699 KU / L. Antioxidant enzyme level results of the LPR group were SOD 147 ± 14.022 U / L (P < 0.01), GSH-Px 88.28 ± 9.113 µU / mL (P < 0.01) and CAT 12.67 ± 0.799 KU / L (P < 0.001). The RSI results ranges from 4 to 39 and the RFS from 8 to 22. Antioxidant enzyme levels demonstrated fairly consistent reliability with individual variables from both RFS and RFS. There was also a highly significant statistical correlation between RSI and RFS. CONCLUSION We found that the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and catalase enzyme levels were significantly lower in LPR patients. Treatment modalities to reduce oxidative stress (OS) in LPR should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Bulut
- Otorhinolaryngology, Private Çorlu REYAP Hospital, Istanbul Rumeli University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Aliye Çelikkol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Basak Ballica
- Bahcesehir University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Fang YH, Zhang YM, Yue SY, Peng JJ, Liu CX, Wang CH. Improving Catalytic Activity, Acid-Tolerance, and Thermal Stability of Glutathione Peroxidase by Systematic Site-Directed Selenocysteine Incorporation. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1644-1652. [PMID: 36737554 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an important antioxidant enzyme. Selenocysteine (Sec)-containing GPxs (Sec-GPxs) are usually superior to their conventional cysteine-containing counterparts (Cys-GPxs), which make up the majority of the natural GPxs but display unsuitable activity and stability for industrial applications. This study first heterologously expressed and characterized a Cys-GPx from Lactococcus lactis (LlGPx), systematically exchanged all the three Cys to Sec and introduced an extra Sec. The results showed that the insertion of Sec at the active site could effectively increase the enzyme activity and confer a lower optimal pH value on the mutants. The double mutant C36U/L157U increased by 2.65 times (5.12 U/mg). The thermal stability of the C81U mutant was significantly improved. These results suggest that site-directed Sec incorporation can effectively improve the enzymatic properties of LlGPx, which may be also used for the protein engineering of other industrial enzymes containing catalytic or other functional cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Fang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shi-Yang Yue
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chen-Xing Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Chen T, Leng J, Tan J, Zhao Y, Xie S, Zhao S, Yan X, Zhu L, Luo J, Kong L, Yin Y. Discovery of Novel Potent Covalent Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Inhibitors as Highly Selective Ferroptosis Inducers for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37452764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a promising target to induce ferroptosis for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We designed and synthesized a novel series of covalent GPX4 inhibitors based on RSL3 and ML162 by structural integration and simplification strategies. Among them, compound C18 revealed a remarkable inhibitory activity against TNBC cells and significantly inhibited the activity of GPX4 compared to RSL3 and ML162. Moreover, it was identified that C18 could notably induce ferroptosis with high selectivity by increasing the accumulation of lipid peroxides (LPOs) in cells. Further study demonstrated that C18 covalently bound to the Sec46 of GPX4. Surprisingly, C18 exhibited an outstanding potency of tumor growth inhibition in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model with a TGI value of 81.0%@20 mg/kg without obvious toxicity. Overall, C18 could be a promising GPX4 covalent inhibitor to induce ferroptosis for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Wu L, Xian X, Tan Z, Dong F, Xu G, Zhang M, Zhang F. The Role of Iron Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Redox Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease: from the Perspective of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2832-2850. [PMID: 36735178 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cell death is common. Novel cell death form-ferroptosis is discovered in recent years. Ferroptosis is an iron-regulated programmed cell death mechanism and has been identified in AD clinical samples. Typical characteristics of ferroptosis involve the specific changes in cell morphology, iron-dependent aggregation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides, loss of glutathione (GSH), inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and a unique group of regulatory genes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis may be associated with neurological dysfunction in AD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This article reviews the potential role of ferroptosis in AD, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological progression of AD through the mechanisms of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis, as well as a range of potential therapies targeting ferroptosis for AD. Intervention strategies based on ferroptosis are promising for Alzheimer's disease treatment at present, but further researches are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Manna I, Bandyopadhyay M. The impact of engineered nickel oxide nanoparticles on ascorbate glutathione cycle in Allium cepa L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:663-678. [PMID: 37363417 PMCID: PMC10284763 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO-NP) can inflict significant damages on exposed plants, even though very little is known about the modus operandi. The present study investigated effects of NiO-NP on the crucial stress alleviation mechanism Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle (Asa-GSH cycle) in the model plant Allium cepa. Cellular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG), was disturbed upon NiO-NP exposure. The ratio of GSH to GSSG changed from 20:1 in NC to 4:1 in roots exposed to 125 mg L-1 NiO-NP. Even the lowest treatments of NiO-NP (10 mg L-1) increased ascorbic acid (2.9-folds) and cysteine contents (1.6-folds). Enzymes like glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase also showed altered activities in the affected tissues. Further, intracellular methylglyoxal, a harbinger of ROS (Reactive oxygen species), increased significantly (~ 26 to 65-fold) across different concentrations NiO-NP. Intracellular H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and ROS levels increased with NiO-NP doses, as did electrolytic leakage from damaged cells. The present work indicated that multiple pathways were compromised in NiO-NP affected plants and this information can bolster our general understanding of the actual mechanism of its toxicity on living cells, and help formulate strategies to thwart ecological pollution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01314-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Manna
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Ballygunge Science College, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
| | - Maumita Bandyopadhyay
- Plant Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Ballygunge Science College, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019 India
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19
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Zhao Q, Tang Y, Zhang L, Sun N, Liu Q, Zhang R. Biological Functions of Selenoprotein Glutathione Peroxidases (GPXs) and their Expression in Osteoarthritis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:183-196. [PMID: 36686275 PMCID: PMC9848624 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s388934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In order to further study the biological functions of glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and their expression level in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), we fully explored the potential relationship between GPXs and OA. This will provide new ideas for basic biological studies and therapeutic strategies for OA patients. Patients and Methods In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to explore the biological functions of five GPXs. The core genes related to the biological functions of GPXs were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction network (PPI). In addition, we utilized microarray data in public databases to analyze the expression levels of GPXs in OA patients and healthy controls. Finally, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of GPXs in OA patients and controls to validate our bioinformatic analysis results. Results Enrichment analysis showed GPXs were mainly enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway and participate in the biological process of oxidative stress response, and further play an antioxidant role. The PPI network indicated that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2) and catalase (CAT) were the core proteins of this network. GPX1 was regulated by the greatest number of miRNAs. Experiments showed that the expression of GPX1 was elevated in OA patients compared with controls. Conclusion GPXs play an important antioxidant role in oxidative stress response. The expression of GPX1 was elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of OA patients. The changes of GPXs in OA patients may regulate the level of oxidative stress, which may influence synovial lesions and chondrocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Tang
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiling Liu
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Rongqiang Zhang, School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-029-38185219, Email
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20
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Möller M, Orrico F, Villar S, López AC, Silva N, Donzé M, Thomson L, Denicola A. Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Redox Biochemistry of Human Red Blood Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:147-168. [PMID: 36643550 PMCID: PMC9835686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to both external and internal sources of oxidants that challenge their integrity and compromise their physiological function and supply of oxygen to tissues. Autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin is the main source of endogenous RBC oxidant production, yielding superoxide radical and then hydrogen peroxide. In addition, potent oxidants from other blood cells and the surrounding endothelium can reach the RBCs. Abundant and efficient enzymatic systems and low molecular weight antioxidants prevent most of the damage to the RBCs and also position the RBCs as a sink of vascular oxidants that allow the body to maintain a healthy circulatory system. Among the antioxidant enzymes, the thiol-dependent peroxidase peroxiredoxin 2, highly abundant in RBCs, is essential to keep the redox balance. A great part of the RBC antioxidant activity is supported by an active glucose metabolism that provides reducing power in the form of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are several RBC defects and situations that generate oxidative stress conditions where the defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, and these include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies (favism), hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as packed RBCs for transfusion that suffer from storage lesions. These oxidative stress-associated pathologies of the RBCs underline the relevance of redox balance in these anucleated cells that lack a mechanism of DNA-inducible antioxidant response and rely on a complex and robust network of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias
N. Möller
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián
F. Villar
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C. López
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Silva
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento
de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Marcel Donzé
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Xu Y, Yuan L, Jiang X, Su M, Huang M, Chen Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Zhu H, Lu J. Glutathione peroxidase 8 expression on cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts facilitates lung cancer metastasis. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e152. [PMID: 35978854 PMCID: PMC9365937 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Luo‐Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Xiao‐Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Min‐Xia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Mu‐Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Yu‐Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Le‐Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jin‐Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macao China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Macao China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology University of Macau Macao China
- Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research University of Macau Macao China
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22
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Exercise Improves Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function in White Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091689. [PMID: 36139762 PMCID: PMC9495527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on energy balance and also improves metabolic health independently of weight loss. Adipose tissue function is a critical denominator of a healthy metabolism but the adaptation of adipocytes in response to exercise is insufficiently well understood. We have previously shown that one aerobic exercise session was associated with increased expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes in white adipose tissue (WAT). In the present study, we evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on WAT redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: a control group that did not exercise and a group that performed running exercise sessions on a treadmill for 30 min, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial function, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and proteins related to DNA damage response were analyzed. In WAT from the exercise group, we found higher mitochondrial respiration in states I, II, and III of Complex I and Complex II, followed by an increase in ATP production, and the ROS/ATP ratio when compared to tissues from control rats. Regarding redox homeostasis, NADPH oxidase activity, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in WAT from the exercise group when compared to control tissues. Moreover, antioxidant enzymatic activity, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and total nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) protein levels were higher in the exercise group compared to control. Finally, we found that exercise reduced the phosphorylation levels of H2AX histone (γH2AX), a central protein that contributes to genome stability through the signaling of DNA damage. In conclusion, our results show that chronic exercise modulates redox homeostasis in WAT, improving antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function. This hormetic remodeling of adipocyte redox balance points to improved adipocyte health and seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Bela K, Riyazuddin R, Csiszár J. Plant Glutathione Peroxidases: Non-Heme Peroxidases with Large Functional Flexibility as a Core Component of ROS-Processing Mechanisms and Signalling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081624. [PMID: 36009343 PMCID: PMC9404953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are non-heme peroxidases catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 or organic hydroperoxides to water or corresponding alcohols using glutathione (GSH) or thioredoxin (TRX) as a reducing agent. In contrast to animal GPXs, the plant enzymes are non-seleno monomeric proteins that generally utilize TRX more effectively than GSH but can be a putative link between the two main redox systems. Because of the substantial differences compared to non-plant GPXs, use of the GPX-like (GPXL) name was suggested for Arabidopsis enzymes. GPX(L)s not only can protect cells from stress-induced oxidative damages but are crucial components of plant development and growth. Due to fine-tuning the H2O2 metabolism and redox homeostasis, they are involved in the whole life cycle even under normal growth conditions. Significantly new mechanisms were discovered related to their transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications by describing gene regulatory networks, interacting microRNA families, or identifying Lys decrotonylation in enzyme activation. Their involvement in epigenetic mechanisms was evidenced. Detailed genetic, evolutionary, and bio-chemical characterization, and comparison of the main functions of GPXs, demonstrated their species-specific roles. The multisided involvement of GPX(L)s in the regulation of the entire plant life ensure that their significance will be more widely recognized and applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jolán Csiszár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Banerjee M, Chakravarty D, Kalwani P, Ballal A. Voyage of selenium from environment to life: Beneficial or toxic? J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23195. [PMID: 35976011 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), a naturally occurring metalloid, is an essential micronutrient for life as it is incorporated as selenocysteine in proteins. Although beneficial at low doses, Se is hazardous at high concentrations and poses a serious threat to various ecosystems. Due to this contrasting 'dual' nature, Se has garnered the attention of researchers wishing to unravel its puzzling properties. In this review, we describe the impact of selenium's journey from environment to diverse biological systems, with an emphasis on its chemical advantage. We describe the uneven distribution of Se and how this affects the bioavailability of this element, which, in turn, profoundly affects the habitat of a region. Once taken up, the subsequent incorporation of Se into proteins as selenocysteine and its antioxidant functions are detailed here. The causes of improved protein function due to the incorporation of redox-active Se atom (instead of S) are examined. Subsequently, the reasons for the deleterious effects of Se, which depend on its chemical form (organo-selenium or the inorganic forms) in different organisms are elaborated. Although Se is vital for the function of many antioxidant enzymes, how the pro-oxidant nature of Se can be potentially exploited in different therapies is highlighted. Furthermore, we succinctly explain how the presence of Se in biological systems offsets the toxic effects of heavy metal mercury. Finally, the different avenues of research that are fundamental to expand our understanding of selenium biology are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Banerjee
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhiman Chakravarty
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Kalwani
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Wei S, Yu Z, Shi R, An L, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang H. GPX4 suppresses ferroptosis to promote malignant progression of endometrial carcinoma via transcriptional activation by ELK1. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:881. [PMID: 35962333 PMCID: PMC9373394 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key protein that inhibits ferroptosis. However, its biological regulation and mechanism in endometrial cancer (EC) have not been reported in detail. Methods The expression of GPX4 in EC tissues was determined by TCGA databases, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of GPX4 on EC cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis were studied in vivo and in vitro. In addition, ETS Transcription Factor ELK1 (ELK1) was identified by bioinformatics methods, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between ELK1 and GPX4 expression. Results The expression of GPX4 was significantly up-regulated in EC tissues and cell lines. Silencing GPX4 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration ability, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle of Ishikawa and KLE cells. Knockdown of GPX4 accumulated intracellular ferrous iron and ROS, disrupted MMP, and increased MDA levels. The xenograft tumor model also showed that GPX4 knockdown markedly reduced tumor growth in mice. Mechanically, ELK1 could bind to the promoter of GPX4 to promote its transcription. In addition, the expression of ELK1 in EC was positively correlated with GPX4. Rescue experiments confirmed that GPX4 knockdown could reverse the strengthens of cell proliferation and migration ability and the lower level of Fe2+ and MDA caused by upregulating ELK1. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that ELK1 / GPX4 axis plays an important role in the progress of EC by promoting the malignant biological behavior and inducing ferroptosis of EC cells, which provides evidence for investigating the potential therapeutic strategies of endometrial cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09986-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfen An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangansu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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27
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Flohé L, Toppo S, Orian L. The glutathione peroxidase family: Discoveries and mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:113-122. [PMID: 35580774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discoveries leading to our present understanding of the glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are recalled. The cytosolic GPx, now GPx1, was first described by Mills in 1957 and claimed to depend on selenium by Rotruck et al., in 1972. With the determination of a stoichiometry of one selenium per subunit, GPx1 was established as the first selenoenzyme of vertebrates. In the meantime, the GPxs have grown up to a huge family of enzymes that prevent free radical formation from hydroperoxides and, thus, are antioxidant enzymes, but they are also involved in regulatory processes or synthetic functions. The kinetic mechanism of the selenium-containing GPxs is unusual in neither showing a defined KM nor any substrate saturation. More recently, the reaction mechanism has been investigated by the density functional theory and nuclear magnetic resonance of model compounds mimicking the reaction cycle. The resulting concept sees a selenolate oxidized to a selenenic acid. This very fast reaction results from a concerted dual attack on the hydroperoxide bond, a nucleophilic one by the selenolate and an electrophilic one by a proton that is unstably bound in the reaction center. Postulated intermediates have been identified either in the native enzymes or in model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Flohé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Evolutionary Adaptations of Parasitic Flatworms to Different Oxygen Tensions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061102. [PMID: 35739999 PMCID: PMC9220675 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the evolution of the Earth, the increase in the atmospheric concentration of oxygen gave rise to the development of organisms with aerobic metabolism, which utilized this molecule as the ultimate electron acceptor, whereas other organisms maintained an anaerobic metabolism. Platyhelminthes exhibit both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen in their environment and/or due to differential oxygen tensions during certain stages of their life cycle. As these organisms do not have a circulatory system, gas exchange occurs by the passive diffusion through their body wall. Consequently, the flatworms developed several adaptations related to the oxygen gradient that is established between the aerobic tegument and the cellular parenchyma that is mostly anaerobic. Because of the aerobic metabolism, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in abundance. Catalase usually scavenges H2O2 in mammals; however, this enzyme is absent in parasitic platyhelminths. Thus, the architecture of the antioxidant systems is different, depending primarily on the superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin enzymes represented mainly in the tegument. Here, we discuss the adaptations that parasitic flatworms have developed to be able to transit from the different metabolic conditions to those they are exposed to during their life cycle.
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Reactive Human Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Mutant with Diselenide Bond Succeeds in Tetramer Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061083. [PMID: 35739980 PMCID: PMC9220127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) belongs to the GPx superfamily, and it is the only known secreted selenocysteine (Sec)−containing GPx in humans. It exists as a glycosylated homotetramer and catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides, depending on the Sec in its active center. In this study, a previously reported chimeric tRNAUTuT6 was used for the incorporation of Sec at the UAG amber codon, and the mature form of human GPx3 (hGPx3) without the signal peptide was expressed in amber−less E. coli C321.ΔA.exp. Reactive Sec−hGPx3, able to reduce H2O2 and tert−butyl hydroperoxide (t−BuOOH), was produced with high purity and yield. Study of the quaternary structure suggested that the recombinant Sec−hGPx3 contained an intra−molecular disulfide bridge but failed to form tetramer. Mutational and structural analysis of the mutants with three Cys residues, individually or jointly replaced with Ser, indicated that the formation of intra−molecular disulfide bridges involved structure conformational changes. The secondary structure containing Cys77 and Cys132 was flexible and could form a disulfide bond, or form a sulfhydryl–selenyl bond with Sec49 in relative mutants. Mutation of Cys8 and Cys132 to Sec8 and Sec132 could fix the oligomerization loop through the formation of diselenide bond, which, in turn, facilitated tetramer formation and noticeably improved the GPx activity. This research provides an important foundation for the further catalysis and functional study of hGPx3.
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The Intestinal Redox System and Its Significance in Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7255497. [PMID: 35585883 PMCID: PMC9110227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7255497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is a significant dose-limiting adverse reaction brought on by the cancer treatment. Multiple studies reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is rapidly produced during the initial stages of chemotherapy, when the drugs elicit direct damage to intestinal mucosal cells, which, in turn, results in necrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS production. However, the mechanism behind the intestinal redox system-based induction of intestinal mucosal injury and necrosis of CIM is still undetermined. In this article, we summarized relevant information regarding the intestinal redox system, including the composition and regulation of redox enzymes, ROS generation, and its regulation in the intestine. We innovatively proposed the intestinal redox “Tai Chi” theory and revealed its significance in the pathogenesis of CIM. We also conducted an extensive review of the English language-based literatures involving oxidative stress (OS) and its involvement in the pathological mechanisms of CIM. From the date of inception till July 31, 2021, 51 related articles were selected. Based on our analysis of these articles, only five chemotherapeutic drugs, namely, MTX, 5-FU, cisplatin, CPT-11, and oxaliplatin were shown to trigger the ROS-based pathological mechanisms of CIM. We also discussed the redox system-mediated modulation of CIM pathogenesis via elaboration of the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and the redox system. It is our belief that this overview of the intestinal redox system and its role in CIM pathogenesis will greatly enhance research direction and improve CIM management in the future.
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Gansemer ER, Rutkowski DT. Pathways Linking Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Production to Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Oxidation and Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:858142. [PMID: 35601828 PMCID: PMC9114485 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.858142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is highly oxidizing compared to other subcellular compartments, and maintaining the appropriate levels of oxidizing and reducing equivalents is essential to ER function. Both protein oxidation itself and other essential ER processes, such as the degradation of misfolded proteins and the sequestration of cellular calcium, are tuned to the ER redox state. Simultaneously, nutrients are oxidized in the cytosol and mitochondria to power ATP generation, reductive biosynthesis, and defense against reactive oxygen species. These parallel needs for protein oxidation in the ER and nutrient oxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria raise the possibility that the two processes compete for electron acceptors, even though they occur in separate cellular compartments. A key molecule central to both processes is NADPH, which is produced by reduction of NADP+ during nutrient catabolism and which in turn drives the reduction of components such as glutathione and thioredoxin that influence the redox potential in the ER lumen. For this reason, NADPH might serve as a mediator linking metabolic activity to ER homeostasis and stress, and represent a novel form of mitochondria-to-ER communication. In this review, we discuss oxidative protein folding in the ER, NADPH generation by the major pathways that mediate it, and ER-localized systems that can link the two processes to connect ER function to metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica R. Gansemer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - D. Thomas Rutkowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Espino M, Eguiraun H, Diaz de Cerio O, Carrero JA, Etxebarria N, Martinez I. Antioxidant Activities and Selenogene Transcription in the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Liver Depend, in a Non-linear Manner, on the Se/Hg Molar Ratio of the Feeds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2365-2379. [PMID: 34331176 PMCID: PMC9023391 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 3.9 and 6.7 mg Hg/kg (Se/Hg molar ratios of 0.8 and 0.4, respectively) for 14 days negatively affected Dicentrarchus labrax growth and total DNTB- and thioredoxin-reductase (TrxR) activities and the transcription of four redox genes (txn1, gpx1, txnrd3, and txnrd2) in the liver, but a diet with 0.5 mg Hg/kg (Se/Hg molar ratio 6.6) slightly increased both reductase activities and the transcription of txn1, gpx1, and txnrd2. Feeding 6.7 mg Hg/kg for 53 days downregulated the genes of the thioredoxin system (txn1, txnrd3, and txnrd2) but upregulated gpx1, confirming the previously proposed complementarity among the antioxidant systems. Substitution of 20% of the feed by thawed white fish (hake) slightly counteracted the negative effects of Hg. The effects were not statistically significant and were dependent, in a non-linear manner, on the Se/Hg molar ratio of the feed but not on its Hg concentration. These results stress the need to consider the Se/Hg molar ratio of the feed/food when evaluating the toxicity of Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinelle Espino
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/AQD), 5021, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
| | - Harkaitz Eguiraun
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Graphic Design & Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iciar Martinez
- Research Center for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology - Plentziako Itsas Estazioa (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620, Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
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Hassan MA, Hozien ST, Abdel Wahab MM, Hassan AM. Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts of chronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:159. [PMID: 35501865 PMCID: PMC9063350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus . METHODS Two hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L- 1 glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L- 1 malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1 and malathion 0.3 mg L- 1); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1; malathion 0.3 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1). RESULTS Results revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg- 1 available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts on Oreochromis niloticus regarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg- 1 diet (2.36 mg kg- 1 selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samaa T Hozien
- Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Zhao Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang T, Cao J, Qi M, Du X, Xia Z, Zhang R, Yang Y. A Bioinformatic Analysis: The Overexpression and Prognostic Potential of GPX7 in Lower-Grade Glioma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4321-4337. [PMID: 35480989 PMCID: PMC9037894 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s356850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX7) is a newly discovered non-selenium-containing protein with glutathione peroxidase activity, which mainly protects the organism from oxidative damage and is very important for basic biology studies. This study aims to reveal the expression pattern of GPX7 and its prognosis potential from a pan-cancer perspective. Methods Expression levels of GPX7 in human tumor tissues and normal tissues were evaluated using Human Protein Atlas (HPA), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and UALCAN databases. The prognostic potential of GPX7 for 33 TCGA tumors was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset was used to further verify the expression of GPX7 and its prognostic potential in glioma. We explored the correlation between GPX7 and immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Furthermore, a nomogram lower-grade glioma (LGG) was constructed to verify the prognostic outcome of patients. Finally, the relationship between GPX7 and treatment regimens for LGG was also explored. Results GPX7 was overexpressed in multiple tumors. Elevated expression of GPX7 was associated with poor prognosis of LGG patients (OS hazard ratio (HR) = 1.044, P < 0.0001; DFS HR = 1.035, P < 0.0001; PFS HR = 1.045, P < 0.0001). GPX7 was proved to be an independent prognostic factor of LGG through univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The nomogram confirmed a better predictability (Concordance index (C-index): 0.845; 95% CI, 0.825–0.865). GPX7 was positively correlated with TMB in LGG. GPX7 expression was negatively correlated with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of temozolomide (TMZ) (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\end{document}spearman= −0.59, P =1.3e-48). Conclusion GPX7 was upregulated in multiple tumors, and it was a potential prognostic biomarker in LGG. High-expressed GPX7 can predict the sensitivity of TMZ in LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang R&D Center of Se-Enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rongqiang Zhang, School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 Middle Section of Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-029-38185219 Email
| | - Yin Yang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Yin Yang, The Second Department of Orthopedics, Xi’an Central Hospital, No. 161, West Fifth Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073898. [PMID: 35409256 PMCID: PMC8999700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the life of aerobic organisms, the oxygen resulting from numerous reactions is converted into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many ROS are dangerous due to their high reactivity; they are strong oxidants, and react with various cell components, leading to their damage. To protect against ROS overproduction, enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems are evolved in aerobic cells. Several known non-enzymatic antioxidants have a relatively low specific antioxidant activity. Superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin, and the peroxiredoxin families are the most important enzyme antioxidants. Artificial antibodies catalyzing redox reactions using different approaches have been created. During the past several decades, it has been shown that the blood and various biological fluids of humans and animals contain natural antibodies that catalyze different redox reactions, such as classical enzymes. This review, for the first time, summarizes data on existing non-enzymatic antioxidants, canonical enzymes, and artificial or natural antibodies (abzymes) with redox functions. Comparing abzymes with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxide-dependent peroxidase, and H2O2-independent oxidoreductase activities with the same activities as classical enzymes was carried out. The features of abzymes with the redox activities are described, including their exceptional diversity in the optimal pH values, dependency and independence on various metal ions, and the reaction rate constants for healthy donors and patients with different autoimmune diseases. The entire body of evidence indicates that abzymes with redox antioxidant activities existing in the blood for a long time compared to enzymes are an essential part of the protection system of humans and animals from oxidative stress.
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Kieliszek M, Bano I, Zare H. A Comprehensive Review on Selenium and Its Effects on Human Health and Distribution in Middle Eastern Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:971-987. [PMID: 33884538 PMCID: PMC8761138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important microelement with numerous positive effects on human health and diseases. It is important to specify that the status and consumption of Se are for a specific community as the levels of Se are extremely unpredictable between different populations and regions. Our existing paper was based on the impacts of Se on human health and disease along with data on the Se levels in Middle Eastern countries. Overall, the findings of this comprehensive review show that the consumption and levels of Se are inadequate in Middle Eastern nations. Such findings, together with the growing awareness of the importance of Se to general health, require further work primarily on creating an acceptable range of blood Se concentration or other measures to determine optimal Se consumption and, consequently, to guarantee adequate Se supplementation in populations at high risk of low Se intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210 Pakistan
| | - Hamed Zare
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Ding W, Zhang X, Yin X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Guo C, Chen Y. Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract inducing PHGPx to inhibite membrane lipid hydroperoxides and regulate oxidative stress based on single-cell animal transcriptome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3139. [PMID: 35210474 PMCID: PMC8873301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the single-cell eukaryotic model organism Tetrahymena thermophila was used as an experimental material to reveal the anti-aging mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract. After treatment with the G. lucidum aqueous extract, the logarithmic phase was extended, and the maximum density of T. thermophila increased to 5.5 × 104 cells/mL. The aqueous extract was more effective than the main active monomers of G. lucidum. The membrane integrity in the cell including mitochondria and nucleus appeared improvement after treatment with the G. lucidum aqueous extract, which observed by ammonia silver staining and transmission electron microscopy. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in transcriptome showed that the G. lucidum aqueous extract promoted the biological metabolic process of membrane components. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the glutathione metabolism process was enhanced in both growth phases. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) played a key role in the anti-aging mechanism. The results suggested that G. lucidum aqueous extract improved the GPX activity as well as reduced the malondialdehyde content and cell damage. More importantly, the expression of PHGPx was promoted to reduce the oxidation degree of the membrane lipids and enhance the integrity of the membrane to achieve anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.,College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. .,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Targeting a novel inducible GPX4 alternative isoform to alleviate ferroptosis and treat metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3650-3666. [PMID: 36176906 PMCID: PMC9513461 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ste. Marie EJ, Hondal RJ. Application of alpha-methyl selenocysteine as a tool for the study of selenoproteins. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:297-329. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsuji PA, Santesmasses D, Lee BJ, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL. Historical Roles of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Health and Development: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010005. [PMID: 35008430 PMCID: PMC8744743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is a fascinating element that has a long history, most of which documents it as a deleterious element to health. In more recent years, selenium has been found to be an essential element in the diet of humans, all other mammals, and many other life forms. It has many health benefits that include, for example, roles in preventing heart disease and certain forms of cancer, slowing AIDS progression in HIV patients, supporting male reproduction, inhibiting viral expression, and boosting the immune system, and it also plays essential roles in mammalian development. Elucidating the molecular biology of selenium over the past 40 years generated an entirely new field of science which encompassed the many novel features of selenium. These features were (1) how this element makes its way into protein as the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, selenocysteine (Sec); (2) the vast amount of machinery dedicated to synthesizing Sec uniquely on its tRNA; (3) the incorporation of Sec into protein; and (4) the roles of the resulting Sec-containing proteins (selenoproteins) in health and development. One of the research areas receiving the most attention regarding selenium in health has been its role in cancer prevention, but further research has also exposed the role of this element as a facilitator of various maladies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A. Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Didac Santesmasses
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.S.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Byeong J. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.S.); (V.N.G.)
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Scientist Emeritus, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Wang X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Chen X. ADME/T-based strategies for paraquat detoxification: Transporters and enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118137. [PMID: 34536650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic, organic herbicide for which there is no specific antidote. Although banned in some countries, it is still used as an irreplaceable weed killer in others. The lack of understanding of the precise mechanism of its toxicity has hindered the development of treatments for PQ exposure. While toxicity is thought to be related to PQ-induced oxidative stress, antioxidants are limited in their ability to ameliorate the untoward biological responses to this agent. Summarized in this review are data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) of PQ, focusing on the essential roles of individual transporters and enzymes in these processes. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed to design and test specific and effective antidotes for the clinical management of PQ poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Bai Z, Luo L, Wu F, Li B, Shan Y. Sulforaphane inhibits the production of Aβ partially through the activation of Nrf2-regulated oxidative stress. Food Funct 2021; 12:11482-11490. [PMID: 34699582 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, presents a potential role in improving Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific symptoms. However, the regulation mechanism of SFN in AD is poorly understood. Here, we established AD models both in vitro and in vivo. Animal behaviors were tested by the Morris water maze test. The pathology of the hippocampus and the content of Aβ were detected. SFN (40 mg kg-1) decreased the escape latency (24.96 ± 7.43 s) and increased the target-zone frequency (3.19 ± 1.19) in rats. SFN improved the pathological morphology and the number of neurons in the hippocampus. Additionally, SFN significantly upregulated the contents of thioredoxin and glutathione as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, along with the expression of the Nrf2 protein. Conversely, SFN lowered the Aβ content and ROS level in N2a/APP cells. After silencing the Nrf2 by SiRNA, the inhibitory effects of SFN on ROS and Aβ production were partially weakened. In conclusion, the improvement of AD by SFN was closely related with Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiahe Zhao
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhihuai Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Lina Luo
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Baolong Li
- Center of Drug Safety and Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Abstract
Significance: During aging, excessive production of reactive species in the liver leads to redox imbalance with consequent oxidative damage and impaired organ homeostasis. Nevertheless, slight amounts of reactive species may modulate several transcription factors, acting as second messengers and regulating specific signaling pathways. These redox-dependent alterations may impact the age-associated decline in liver regeneration. Recent Advances: In the last few decades, relevant findings related to redox alterations in the aging liver were investigated. Consistently, recent research broadened understanding of redox modifications and signaling related to liver regeneration. Other than reporting the effect of oxidative stress, epigenetic and post-translational modifications, as well as modulation of specific redox-sensitive cellular signaling, were described. Among them, the present review focuses on Wnt/β-catenin, the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), members of the Forkhead box O (FoxO) family, and the p53 tumor suppressor. Critical Issues: Even though alteration in redox homeostasis occurs both in aging and in impaired liver regeneration, the associative mechanisms are not clearly defined. Of note, antioxidants are not effective in slowing hepatic senescence, and do not clearly improve liver repopulation after hepatectomy or transplant in humans. Future Directions: Further investigations are needed to define mutual redox-dependent molecular pathways involved both in aging and in the decline of liver regeneration. Preclinical studies aimed at the characterization of these pathways would define possible therapeutic targets for human trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 832-847.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Kondaparthi P, Deore M, Naqvi S, Flora SJS. Dose-dependent hepatic toxicity and oxidative stress on exposure to nano and bulk selenium in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53034-53044. [PMID: 34023997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential mineral naturally found in soil, water, and some of the food and is required as essential elements in human and animal body. Se supplementation is required especially for those having Se deficiency. Food supplement of selenium has several forms such as selenocysteine, selenite, selenomethionine, and selenate. Recently, Se supplement as selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained worldwide attention due to its bioactivities and properties. In the present study, we determined the potential hepatotoxicity of nano and bulk selenium using low and high doses in mice. Twenty-five Swiss albino mice (n=5) were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated orally for 28 days: Group 1: sterile saline (0.9%) as a control; Group 2: sodium selenite (1mg/kg); Group 3: sodium selenite (4mg/kg); Group 4: selenium nanoparticles (1mg/kg); and Group 5: selenium nanoparticles (4mg/kg). Administration of nano-selenium (70-90 nm) led to an increase in the activities of serum transaminases (ALT and AST), while no significant effects were noted on biochemical variables indicative of changes in heme synthesis pathway and oxidative stress like blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD), hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde assay (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared to controls, and a high dose of sodium selenite. Our results suggest that nano-selenium at low dose (1mg/kg) exhibited antioxidant effects in the liver compared to the high dose (4mg/kg) of SeNPs and sodium selenite (1 and 4 mg/kg). The data from the present study might be useful for pharmacologists and toxicologists in providing future directions while designing selenium-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Kondaparthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, P.O. Mati, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Monika Deore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, P.O. Mati, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Saba Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, P.O. Mati, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, P.O. Mati, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
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Lee HA, Chu KB, Moon EK, Quan FS. Glutathione Peroxidase 8 Suppression by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Enhances Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cell Death by Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101503. [PMID: 34679638 PMCID: PMC8533003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are emerging as anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) agents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HDACi-induced sensitization to oxidative stress and cell death of HCC remain elusive. We hypothesized that HDACi reduces the anti-oxidative stress capacity of HCC, rendering it more susceptible to oxidative stress and cell death. Change in the transcriptome of HCC was analyzed by RNA-seq and validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Cell death of HCC was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Protein localization and binding on the target gene promoters were investigated by immunofluorescence (IF) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. Glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) was highly down-regulated in HCC upon oxidative stress and HDACi co-treatment. Oxidative stress and HDACi enhanced the expression and transcriptional activities of ER-stress-related genes. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) supplementation reversed the oxidative stress and HDACi-induced apoptosis in HCC. HDACi significantly enhanced the effect of ER stressors on HCC cell death. GPX8 overexpression reversed the activation of ER stress signaling and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and HDACi. In conclusion, HDACi suppresses the expression of GPX8, which sensitizes HCC to ER stress and apoptosis by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ahm Lee
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ki-Back Chu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Eun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-2302
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Expression Silencing of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 in Mouse Erythroleukemia Cells Delays In Vitro Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157795. [PMID: 34360557 PMCID: PMC8345999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the eight human glutathione peroxidase isoforms, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing complex lipid peroxides to the corresponding alcohols. In mice, corruption of the Gpx4 gene leads to embryonic lethality and more detailed expression silencing studies have implicated the enzyme in several physiological processes (e.g., embryonal cerebrogenesis, neuronal function, male fertility). Experiments with conditional knockout mice, in which expression of the Gpx4 gene was silenced in erythroid precursors, indicated a role of Gpx4 in erythropoiesis. To test this hypothesis in a cellular in vitro model we transfected mouse erythroleukemia cells with a Gpx4 siRNA construct and followed the expression kinetics of erythropoietic gene products. Our data indicate that Gpx4 is expressed at high levels in mouse erythroleukemia cells and that expression silencing of the Gpx4 gene delays in vitro erythropoiesis. However, heterozygous expression of a catalytically inactive Gpx4 mutant (Gpx4+/Sec46Ala) did not induce a defective erythropoietic phenotype in different in vivo and ex vivo models. These data suggest that Gpx4 plays a role in erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells but that heterozygous expression of a catalytically inactive Gpx4 is not sufficient to compromise in vivo and ex vivo erythropoiesis.
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Wang M, Zhang X, Jia W, Zhang C, Boczek T, Harding M, Liu Y, Li M, Zhang S, Lei S, Zhang D, Guo F. Circulating glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels in patients with epilepsy: A meta-analysis. Seizure 2021; 91:278-286. [PMID: 34252880 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are assessed as oxidative stress markers to determine the impact of oxidation on the levels of GSH-Px and SOD in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and healthy controls. METHODS A meta-analysis was completed on twenty-nine published studies. A total of 636 PWE and 665 healthy controls, 303 PWE and 191 controls, and 22 PWE and 22 controls were included to study GSH-Px levels in erythrocytes, serum and plasma, respectively. For SOD studies, there were 610 PWE and 680 controls, 464 PWE and 382 controls, and 62 PWE with 77 controls for erythrocytes, serum and plasma, respectively. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed that the erythrocyte SOD level was significantly lower in PWE than in healthy controls (SMD =-1.96; 95% CI [-2.93, -0.99]; P<0.0001). Moreover, the meta-analysis demonstrated that in serum and plasma, SOD levels in PWE were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (SMD =-1.47; 95% CI [-2.47, -0.48]; P<0.0001). Erythrocyte GSH-Px levels had a tendency to decrease in PWE compared with healthy controls (SMD =-0.31; 95% CI [-1.48, 0.85]; P=0.598), but the results showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION Our results showed reduced SOD levels in erythrocytes, serum and plasma in PWE, which may be an indicator of oxidative damage in epilepsy. This is the first meta-analysis of circulating GSH-Px and SOD levels in PWE and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Sleep Medical Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, Liaoning province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wanying Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Feng City Hospital, Inner Mongolia Province, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengyang people's Hospital, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, California, USA
| | | | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, the fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning province, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Shuai Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning province, China.
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Chakraborty S, Shet SM, Pereira MM, Nataraj SK, Mondal D. Designing biopolymer-based artificial peroxidase for oxidative removal of dibenzothiophene from a model diesel fuel. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1784-1793. [PMID: 34051253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring peroxidases are important for living organisms and have manifold utility in industries. However, lack of stability in harsh reaction conditions hinders wide applicability of such enzymes. Thus, suitable alternative is vital which can endure severe reaction conditions. As a substitute of natural peroxidase, herein, biopolymer-based polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) coordinated with Fen+ is proposed as macromolecular peroxidase mimicking systems. Three PECs were engineered via complexation of protonated chitosan and alginate with Fe2+ (Fe2+-PEC), Fe3+ (Fe3+-PEC), and Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-PEC), respectively. Computational study showed the Fe3+-PEC was highly stable with abundant electrostatic and intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The versatility of the Fe-PECs as artificial peroxidase biocatalysts was probed by two types of peroxidase assays - ABTS oxidation in buffer systems (pH 4.0 and 7.0) and pyrogallol oxidation in organic solvents (acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and toluene). Overall, Fe3+-PEC showed remarkably high peroxidase activity both in aqueous buffers and in organic solvents, whereas, Fe3O4-PEC showed least catalytic activity. Finally, as a proof of concept, the ability of the biocatalyst to carry out deep oxidative desulphurization was demonstrated envisaging removal of dibenzothiophene from model fossil fuel in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Chakraborty
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Sachin M Shet
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Matheus M Pereira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India; IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com, 2, Parque CientíficoTecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dibyendu Mondal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore, 562112, India.
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The aftermath of the interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and redox signaling. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:151-167. [PMID: 33558590 PMCID: PMC8080639 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the transportation of synthesized proteins. Any perturbations in ER function, such as increased demand for protein folding or the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, lead to a stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary aim of the UPR is to restore cellular homeostasis; however, it triggers apoptotic signaling during prolonged stress. The core mechanisms of the ER stress response, the failure to respond to cellular stress, and the final fate of the cell are not yet clear. Here, we discuss cellular fate during ER stress, cross talk between the ER and mitochondria and its significance, and conditions that can trigger ER stress response failure. We also describe how the redox environment affects the ER stress response, and vice versa, and the aftermath of the ER stress response, integrating a discussion on redox imbalance-induced ER stress response failure progressing to cell death and dynamic pathophysiological changes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle responsible for protein folding, is sensitive to chemical imbalances that can induce stress, leading to cell death and disease. Researchers in South Korea, led by Han-Jung Chae from Jeonbuk National University in Jeonju and Hyung-Ryong Kim from Dankook University in Cheonan, review how the ER counters changes in its environment that spur protein folding defects by activating a series of signaling pathways, known collectively as the unfolded protein response. Redox imbalance, may fail adaptive ER stress response that can damage the ER and surrounding mitochondria by modifying cysteine residues. The interaction between the two stress systems, ER stress and oxidative stress, has profound negative impacts on normal physiology. Targeting one or both of these stress mechanisms may therefore be an effective means of treating disease.
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50
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Vona R, Pallotta L, Cappelletti M, Severi C, Matarrese P. The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:201. [PMID: 33573222 PMCID: PMC7910878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carola Severi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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