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Liu J, Zhai X, Ding L, Yu M, Zhang Q, Liu J, Song Y, Ma L, Xiao X. Landscapes of maternal and neonatal gut microbiome and plasma metabolome signatures and their interaction in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109716. [PMID: 39147246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is prevalent among pregnant individuals and is linked to increased risks for both mothers and foetuses. Although GDM is known to cause disruptions in gut microbiota and metabolites, their potential transmission to the foetus has not been fully explored. This study aimed to characterize the similarities in microbial and metabolic signatures between mothers with GDM and their neonates as well as the interactions between these signatures. METHODS This study included 89 maternal-neonate pairs (44 in the GDM group and 45 in the normoglycaemic group). We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to analyse the gut microbiota and plasma metabolomics of mothers and neonates. Integrative analyses were performed to elucidate the interactions between these omics. RESULTS Distinct microbial and metabolic signatures were observed in GDM mothers and their neonates compared to those in the normoglycaemic group. Fourteen genera showed similar alterations across both groups. Metabolites linked to glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism were differentially influenced in GDM, with similar trends observed in both mothers and neonates in the GDM group. Network analysis indicated significant associations between Qipengyuania and metabolites related to bile acid metabolism in mothers and newborns. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between several genera and metabolites and clinical phenotypes in normoglycaemic mothers and newborns, but these correlations were disrupted in the GDM group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GDM consistently affects both the microbiota and metabolome in mothers and neonates, thus elucidating the mechanism underlying metabolic transmission across generations. These insights contribute to knowledge regarding the multiomics interactions in GDM and underscore the need to further investigate the prenatal environmental impacts on offspring metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China; Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine (PUMCH), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yingna Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Chumak T, Jullienne A, Ek CJ, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Quan R, Salehi A, Salari S, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 enriched diet reprograms the offspring neurovascular transcriptome and blunts inflammation induced by endotoxin in the neonate. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:199. [PMID: 39128994 PMCID: PMC11316986 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection during the perinatal period can adversely affect brain development, predispose infants to ischemic stroke and have lifelong consequences. We previously demonstrated that diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) transforms brain lipid composition in the offspring and protects the neonatal brain from stroke, in part by blunting injurious immune responses. Critical to the interface between the brain and systemic circulation is the vasculature, endothelial cells in particular, that support brain homeostasis and provide a barrier to systemic infection. Here, we examined whether maternal PUFA-enriched diets exert reprograming of endothelial cell signalling in postnatal day 9 mice after modeling aspects of infection using LPS. Transcriptome analysis was performed on microvessels isolated from brains of pups from dams maintained on 3 different maternal diets from gestation day 1: standard, n-3 enriched or n-6 enriched diets. Depending on the diet, in endothelial cells LPS produced distinct regulation of pathways related to immune response, cell cycle, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis. N-3 PUFA diet enabled higher immune reactivity in brain vasculature, while preventing imbalance of cell cycle regulation and extracellular matrix cascades that accompanied inflammatory response in standard diet. Cytokine analysis revealed a blunted LPS response in blood and brain of offspring from dams on n-3 enriched diet. Analysis of cerebral vasculature in offspring in vivo revealed no differences in vessel density. However, vessel complexity was decreased in response to LPS at 72 h in standard and n-6 diets. Thus, LPS modulates specific transcriptomic changes in brain vessels of offspring rather than major structural vessel characteristics during early life. N-3 PUFA-enriched maternal diet in part prevents an imbalance in homeostatic processes, alters inflammation and ultimately mitigates changes to the complexity of surface vessel networks that result from infection. Importantly, maternal diet may presage offspring neurovascular outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden.
| | - Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Ryan Quan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Arjang Salehi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sirus Salari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
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Zeng Y, Li Q, Zhang R, Wei M, Zhao X, Hao L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Guo X, Ai L. Development and application of a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of 11 free fatty acids in human serum using a derivatisation strategy. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:465019. [PMID: 38810573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A stable isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method based on a derivatisation strategy involving an N,N'-carbonylimidazole solution (CDI) with 4-(dimethylamino)-benzenemethanamine was developed for the determination of 11 free fatty acids (FFAs) in human blood samples. Serum samples were subjected to liquid‒liquid extraction and centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected for a two-step derivatisation reaction with a CDI and 4-(dimethylamino)-aniline acetonitrile solution. The derivatised solution was separated on a ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) column with a mobile phase consisting of water-acetonitrile in gradient elution and then detected by tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionisation (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode and quantified using the isotope internal standard method. The effects of the derivatisation reaction time, temperature and concentration of derivatisation reagents on the response values of the analytes were investigated. The optimal conditions were as follows: 1.0 mg mL-1 CDI acetonitrile solution at 25 °C for 25 min, followed by a reaction with a 1.0 mg mL-1 4-(dimethylamino)-benzenemethanamine acetonitrile solution at 70 °C for 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of the 11 FFAs were in the range of 3.0-14.0 ng mL-1; the limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 8.0-45.0 ng mL-1; and the mean recoveries ranged from 83.4 to 112.8%, with intraday and interday precisions ranging from 0.7 to 9.1% and 3.7-9.5%, respectively. The experimental method is simple in terms of the pretreatment operation, accurate and reliable, and can be applied to the sensitive determination of FFAs in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Zeng
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Maolin Wei
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaochan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Liping Hao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Hebei Qianye Biotechnology Co, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiujuan Guo
- Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
| | - Lianfeng Ai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Shijiazhuang Customs Technology Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
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Amroodi MN, Maghsoudloo M, Amiri S, Mokhtari K, Mohseni P, Pourmarjani A, Jamali B, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Tabrizian P, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Wan R. Unraveling the molecular and immunological landscape: Exploring signaling pathways in osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116954. [PMID: 38906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone density and microarchitecture, represents a significant global health challenge, particularly in aging populations. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, providing valuable insights into the pivotal role of signal transduction in maintaining bone homeostasis. The exploration encompasses cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β, all of which play crucial roles in bone remodeling. The dysregulation of these pathways is a contributing factor to osteoporosis, necessitating a profound understanding of their complexities to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying bone loss. The review highlights the pathological significance of disrupted signaling in osteoporosis, emphasizing how these deviations impact the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately resulting in heightened bone resorption and compromised bone formation. A nuanced analysis of the intricate crosstalk between these pathways is provided to underscore their relevance in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study addresses some of the most crucial long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with osteoporosis, adding an additional layer of academic depth to the exploration of immune system involvement in various types of osteoporosis. Finally, we propose that SKP1 can serve as a potential biomarker in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nakhaei Amroodi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shayan Amiri
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parnaz Mohseni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Pourmarjani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behdokht Jamali
- Department of microbiology and genetics, kherad Institute of higher education, Busheher, lran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Tabrizian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, department of orthopedic, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Hu B, Hu H, Peng D, Wei Z, Wang Q, Kuang H. Phytochemical components analysis and hypolipidemic effect on hyperlipidemia mice of the aerial parts from Allium sativum. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1422857. [PMID: 39119464 PMCID: PMC11306067 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1422857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The bulbs of Allium sativum are widely used as food or seasoning (garlic), while they have also been utilized as a famous traditional medicine since ancient eras for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery, etc. However, very few studies focus on their abundant aerial parts, which are normally discarded during the harvest season. Methods The hyperlipidemic mice model has been used to study the lipid-lowering effect of the aerial parts in this article. 180 mice were randomly divided into 18 groups, including blank control (BC), model (Mod), positive control (PC), and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual water extracts (corresponding to CE, PEE, EAE, NBE, WE), with 10 mice in each group. The preventive effects of the extracts on hyperlipidemic mice lasted for four weeks. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the chemical components of NBE and PEE respectively. Results The results of the mice experiment showed that n-butanol extract (NBE) and petroleum ether extract (PEE) from the aerial parts could significantly reduce the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum of hyperlipidemic mice, and increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). They could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, they could improve steatosis and inflammation of liver cells. The results of phytochemical components analysis showed that NBE was rich in organic acids, flavonoids and nitrogen-containing constituents, while PEE contained organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic acids and derivatives, alkaloids, phytosterols, etc. Conclusion These results support that the aerial parts of A. sativum are an interesting source of bioactive ingredients that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Słyk Ż, Stachowiak N, Małecki M. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors for Gene Therapy of the Central Nervous System: Delivery Routes and Clinical Aspects. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1523. [PMID: 39062095 PMCID: PMC11274884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is vulnerable to a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative and oncological conditions, which present significant treatment challenges. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts molecule penetration, complicating the achievement of therapeutic concentrations in the CNS following systemic administration. Gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors emerges as a promising strategy for treating CNS diseases, demonstrated by the registration of six gene therapy products in the past six years and 87 ongoing clinical trials. This review explores the implementation of rAAV vectors in CNS disease treatment, emphasizing AAV biology and vector engineering. Various administration methods-such as intravenous, intrathecal, and intraparenchymal routes-and experimental approaches like intranasal and intramuscular administration are evaluated, discussing their advantages and limitations in different CNS contexts. Additionally, the review underscores the importance of optimizing therapeutic efficacy through the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rAAV vectors. A comprehensive analysis of clinical trials reveals successes and challenges, including barriers to commercialization. This review provides insights into therapeutic strategies using rAAV vectors in neurological diseases and identifies areas requiring further research, particularly in optimizing rAAV PK/PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Słyk
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Stachowiak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Vassilopoulou E, Agostoni C, Feketea G, Alberti I, Gianni ML, Milani GP. The Role of Breastfeeding in Acute Respiratory Infections in Infancy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00942. [PMID: 38986006 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) affect the respiratory tract, are often caused by viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, and present symptoms such as coughing, fever, respiratory distress and breathing difficulty. The global adherence to exclusive breastfeeding (BF) for the first 6 months of life has reached 44%, supported by World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund efforts. BF provides vital nutrients and contributes to infant immune system development, protecting against infections. The role of BF in preventing and reducing complications of ARIs in infants is gaining attention, prompting a review of current data and future research needs. This review aims to summarize the evidence on the role of BF in reducing the risk and severity of ARIs in infants, elucidate the adaptations in breast milk composition during infections and identify relevant research needs. METHODS AND RESULTS Human milk (HM) is rich in immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and immunomodulatory factors that protect against various pathogens, including respiratory viruses. Several studies have demonstrated that BF is associated with a significant reduction in hospitalization, oxygen requirements, and mortality in infants with ARIs. The effectiveness of BF varies according to the specific respiratory virus, and a longer duration of exclusive BF appears to enhance its protective effect. It is documented that the composition of HM adjusts dynamically in response to infections, fortifying the infant's immune defenses. Specific immunological components of HM, including leukocytes and immunoglobulins, increase in response to infection in the infant, contributing to the enhancement of the immune defense in infants. Immune-boosting microRNAs enhance immune transfer to the infants and promote early gut maturation, and the HM microbiome along with other factors modifies the the infant's gut microbiome and immune system. CONCLUSIONS BF defends infants from respiratory infections, and the investigation of the microRNAs in HM offers new insights into its antiviral properties. The promotion of BF, especially in vulnerable communities, is of paramount importance in alleviating the global burden of ARIs in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gavriela Feketea
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, "Karamandaneio" Children's Hospital of Patra, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilaria Alberti
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Gianni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- From the Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Zhao C, Yang Y, Duan C, Gao C, Wang Y, Ni H, Zhou L, Xiang Y, Li M, Xu Z. The nutritional metabolic risk index as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A national cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:391-399. [PMID: 38971408 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show that malnutrition increases all-cause mortality by 1.11 times and cardiovascular mortality by 2.60 times. Similarly, metabolic syndrome raises overall mortality by 40% and cardiovascular mortality by 37%. This research assesses the Nutritional Metabolic Risk Index (NMRI) for predicting these mortality risks. METHODS We analyzed data from 14,209 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018, where the NMRI was calculated based on the ratio of GNRI to TyG-WHtR. The relationship between NMRI and mortality was investigated using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) employed to examine non-linear associations. The predictive capabilities of NMRI, GNRI, and TyG-WHtR for mortality were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 89 months, there were 1358 all-cause deaths and 345 cardiovascular deaths recorded. Cox regression analysis indicated that each unit increase in NMRI was associated with an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality risk and a 15% reduction in cardiovascular mortality risk. RCS analysis found a nonlinear negative correlation between NMRI and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. NMRI demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality (AUC: 0.696, 95% CI: 0.682-0.710) and cardiovascular mortality (AUC: 0.713, 95% CI: 0.689-0.737) compared to GNRI and TyG-WHtR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The NMRI is inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yane Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Conghao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chenxuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yansi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Huan Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lanping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yunfang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - MeiJu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China.
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Banaszak M, Dobrzyńska M, Kawka A, Górna I, Woźniak D, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Role of Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) as modulatory and anti-inflammatory agents in noncommunicable diet-related diseases - Reports from the last 10 years. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:240-258. [PMID: 38980796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acids are a fundamental component of the human diet, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The importance of omega-3 fatty acids has been studied in the context of many diseases due to their pleiotropic effects, focusing on the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA. Currently, the results of these acids in noncommunicable diseases are being increasingly assessed in a broader context than just inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids remain the subject of intensive research. Therefore, we reviewed the literature covering articles from the last decade to assess not only the anti-inflammatory but, above all, the modulatory effect of EPA and DHA acids on noncommunicable diet-related diseases. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diet-related disorders from the last 10 years. RESULTS The available research shows that EPA and DHA supplementation has a beneficial impact on regulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Additionally, there is evidence of their potential benefits in terms of mitochondrial function, regulation of plasma lipoproteins, and reduction of the risk of sudden cardiovascular events associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA) have many beneficial effects among patients with diet-related disorders. More well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to fully determine the usefulness of EPA and DHA in treating and preventing noncommunicable diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Banaszak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland; Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Bukowska 70, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kawka
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Górna
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Cecchi N, Romanelli R, Ricevuti F, Carbone MG, Dinardo M, Cesarano E, De Michele A, Messere G, Morra S, Scognamiglio A, Spagnuolo MI. Bioactives in Oral Nutritional Supplementation: A Pediatric Point of View. Nutrients 2024; 16:2067. [PMID: 38999815 PMCID: PMC11243142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) are crucial for supporting the nutritional needs of pediatric populations, particularly those with medical conditions or dietary deficiencies. Bioactive compounds within ONSs play a pivotal role in enhancing health outcomes by exerting various physiological effects beyond basic nutrition. However, the comprehensive understanding of these bioactives in pediatric ONSs remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This systematic narrative review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature concerning bioactive compounds present in oral nutritional supplements from a pediatric standpoint, focusing on their types, sources, bioavailability, physiological effects, and clinical implications. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across the major academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, employing predefined search terms related to oral nutritional supplements, bioactives, and pediatrics. Studies published between 2013 and 2024 were considered eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS The initial search yielded 558 of articles, of which 72 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies encompassed a diverse range of bioactive compounds present in pediatric ONS formulations, including, but not limited to, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytonutrients. These bioactives were sourced from various natural and synthetic origins and were found to exert beneficial effects on growth, development, immune function, gastrointestinal health, cognitive function, and overall well-being in pediatric populations. However, variations in bioavailability, dosing, and clinical efficacy were noted across different compounds and formulations. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive compounds in oral nutritional supplements offer promising avenues for addressing the unique nutritional requirements and health challenges faced by pediatric populations. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the optimal composition, dosage, and clinical applications of these bioactives in pediatric ONS formulations. A deeper understanding of these bioactive compounds and their interplay with pediatric health may pave the way for personalized and effective nutritional interventions in pediatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romanelli
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricevuti
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Carbone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Dinardo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cesarano
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Michele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messere
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Morra
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Scognamiglio
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
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11
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Briganti S, Mosca S, Di Nardo A, Flori E, Ottaviani M. New Insights into the Role of PPARγ in Skin Physiopathology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:728. [PMID: 38927131 PMCID: PMC11201613 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor expressed in many tissues, including skin, where it is essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, regulating cell proliferation/differentiation, and modulating antioxidant and inflammatory responses upon ligand binding. Therefore, PPARγ activation has important implications for skin homeostasis. Over the past 20 years, with increasing interest in the role of PPARs in skin physiopathology, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of PPARγ ligands as a therapeutic option for skin inflammatory disorders. In addition, PPARγ also regulates sebocyte differentiation and lipid production, making it a potential target for inflammatory sebaceous disorders such as acne. A large number of studies suggest that PPARγ also acts as a skin tumor suppressor in both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, but its role in tumorigenesis remains controversial. In this review, we have summarized the current state of research into the role of PPARγ in skin health and disease and how this may provide a starting point for the development of more potent and selective PPARγ ligands with a low toxicity profile, thereby reducing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (S.M.); (A.D.N.); (M.O.)
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12
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Mönki J, Mykkänen A. Lipids in Equine Airway Inflammation: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1812. [PMID: 38929431 PMCID: PMC11200544 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild-moderate and severe equine asthma (MEA and SEA) are prevalent inflammatory airway conditions affecting horses of numerous breeds and disciplines. Despite extensive research, detailed disease pathophysiology and the differences between MEA and SEA are still not completely understood. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, broadly used in clinical practice and in equine asthma research, has limited means to represent the inflammatory status in the lower airways. Lipidomics is a field of science that can be utilized in investigating cellular mechanisms and cell-to-cell interactions. Studies in lipidomics have a broad variety of foci, of which fatty acid and lipid mediator profile analyses and global lipidomics have been implemented in veterinary medicine. As many crucial proinflammatory and proresolving mediators are lipids, lipidomic studies offer an interesting yet largely unexplored means to investigate inflammatory reactions in equine airways. The aim of this review article is to collect and summarize the findings of recent lipidomic studies on equine airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mykkänen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Viikintie 49, P.O. Box 57, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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13
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El-Sayed A, Kapila D, Taha RSI, El-Sayed S, Mahen MRA, Taha R, Alrubaiy L. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Middle East Perspective. J Pers Med 2024; 14:652. [PMID: 38929872 PMCID: PMC11204866 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is of paramount importance in preserving internal balance in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, disruptions in its regulation have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This article explores the intricate details of the gastrointestinal microbiome as it pertains to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an emphasis on the Middle East. The study reviews the typical gut microbiome, modifications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), determinants impacting the gut microbiome of the Middle East, and prospective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Diya Kapila
- Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK; (A.E.-S.); (D.K.)
| | - Rama Sami Issa Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | | | - Mohd Rafiw Ahmed Mahen
- Department of Medicine, King’s College Hospital London, Dubai P.O. Box 340901, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Roa’a Taha
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Laith Alrubaiy
- Healthpoint Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112308, United Arab Emirates; (R.S.I.T.); (R.T.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Tompkins YH, Choppa VSR, Kim WK. n-3 enriched Fish oil diet enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in broilers after Eimeria infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103660. [PMID: 38552568 PMCID: PMC11000185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. results in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched fish oil on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, and intestinal immune response of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 576 fourteen-day-old broilers were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising 2 diets supplemented with either 5% fish oil or 5% soybean oil, and 3 Eimeria spp. infection levels: a nonchallenge control, a low dose of Eimeria challenge, and a high challenge dose. The results of the study revealed significant interactions between diet and Eimeria challenge to parameters of gut barrier integrity and feed intake. A significant interaction was observed in feed intake between 5 and 8 d postinfection (DPI), where the fish oil groups exhibited a higher amount of feed intake compared to the soybean oil diet groups after coccidiosis infection. The effects of the fish oil diet resulted in enhanced gut barrier integrity, as evidenced by a trend of decreased gastrointestinal leakage and a lower mean of small intestine lesion scores after Eimeria challenge. Additionally, significant interactions were noted between Eimeria spp. challenge and diet regarding jejunal crypt depth. The positive impact of the fish oil diet was particularly noticeable with the high Eimeria challenge dose. Overall, these findings underscore the relationship between the fish oil diet and Eimeria challenge on broiler chicken intestinal health. Dietary supplementation of fish oil has the potential to maintain small intestine barrier integrity with severe Eimeria infection conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Hou Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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15
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Song Y, Yang X, Li S, Luo Y, Chang JS, Hu Z. Thraustochytrids as a promising source of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols: bioactive compound biosynthesis, and modern biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:618-640. [PMID: 37158096 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are eukaryotes and obligate marine protists. They are increasingly considered to be a promising feed additive because of their superior and sustainable application in the production of health-benefiting bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols. Moreover, the increasing demand makes it critical to rationally design the targeted products by engineering industrial strains. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in thraustochytrids were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Metabolic networks and biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols were methodically summarized. Further, stress-based strategies used in thraustochytrids were reviewed to explore the potential methodologies for enhancing specific product yields. There are internal relationships between the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols in thraustochytrids since they share some branches of the synthetic routes with some intermediate substrates in common. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these compounds are being synthesized in thraustochytrids still remains uncovered. Further, combined with omics technologies to deeply understand the mechanism and effects of different stresses is necessary, which could provide guidance for genetic engineering. While gene-editing technology has allowed targeted gene knock-in and knock-outs in thraustochytrids, efficient gene editing is still required. This critical review will provide comprehensive information to benefit boosting the commercial productivity of specific bioactive substances by thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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16
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Gjøen T, Ruyter B, Østbye TK. Effects of eicosapentaneoic acid on innate immune responses in an Atlantic salmon kidney cell line in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302286. [PMID: 38805503 PMCID: PMC11132502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of the interplay between metabolism and immunity, known as immunometabolism, is steadily transforming immunological research into new understandings of how environmental cues like diet are affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study was to explore antiviral transcriptomic responses under various levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK cell line) were incubated for one week in different levels of the unsaturated n-3 eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) resulting in cellular levels ranging from 2-20% of total fatty acid. These cells were then stimulated with the viral mimic and interferon inducer poly I:C (30 ug/ml) for 24 hours before total RNA was isolated and sequenced for transcriptomic analyses. Up to 200 uM EPA had no detrimental effects on cell viability and induced very few transcriptional changes in these cells. However, in combination with poly I:C, our results shows that the level of EPA in the cellular membranes exert profound dose dependent effects of the transcriptional profiles induced by this treatment. Metabolic pathways like autophagy, apelin and VEGF signaling were attenuated by EPA whereas transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism, ferroptosis and the PPAR signaling pathways were upregulated. These results suggests that innate antiviral responses are heavily influenced by the fatty acid profile of salmonid cells and constitute another example of the strong linkage between general metabolic pathways and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Tone Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
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17
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Freitas D, Oliveira B, Henschel L, Oliveira M, Zazula M, Horlem E, Rodriguez D, Carvalhal S, Iagher F, Fernandez R, Naliwaiko K, Fernandes L. Fish oil supplementation in obese rats ameliorates metabolic syndrome response. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13172. [PMID: 38808884 PMCID: PMC11136482 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here we examined several morphometric and biochemical parameters linked to MS in a rodent litter size reduction model, and how a 30-day fish oil (FO) supplementation affected these parameters. On day 3 post-birth, pups were divided into groups of ten or three. On day 22, rats were split into control (C) and small litter (SL) until 60 days old. Then, after metabolic disturbance and obesity were confirmed, FO supplementation started for 30 days and the new groups were named control (C), FO supplemented (FO), obese (Ob), and obese FO supplemented (ObFO). Comparison was performed by Student t-test or 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. At the end of the 60-day period, SL rats were hyperphagic, obese, hypoinsulinemic, normoglycemic, and had high visceral fat depot and high interleukin (IL)-6 plasma concentration. Obese rats at 90 days of age were fatter, hyperphagic, hyperglycemic, hypertriacylgliceromic, hipoinsulinemic, with low innate immune response. IL-6 production ex vivo was higher, but in plasma it was not different from the control group. FO supplementation brought all biochemical changes to normal values, normalized food intake, and reduced body weight and fat mass in obese rats. The innate immune response was improved but still not as efficient as in lean animals. Our results suggested that as soon MS appears, FO supplementation must be used to ameliorate the morpho- and biochemical effects caused by MS and improve the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.M.B. Freitas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - B.A.C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - L.D.V. Henschel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - M.H.A.P.C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - M. Zazula
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - E. Horlem
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - D.F.S. Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - S.R.S. Carvalhal
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - F. Iagher
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R. Fernandez
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - K. Naliwaiko
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - L.C. Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Fogacci F, ALGhasab NS, Di Micoli V, Giovannini M, Cicero AFG. Cholesterol-Lowering Bioactive Foods and Nutraceuticals in Pediatrics: Clinical Evidence of Efficacy and Safety. Nutrients 2024; 16:1526. [PMID: 38794764 PMCID: PMC11123713 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to even slightly elevated plasma cholesterol levels significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The latest evidence recommends an improvement in plasma lipid levels, even in children who are not affected by severe hypercholesterolemia. The risk-benefit profile of pharmacological treatments in pediatric patients with moderate dyslipidemia is uncertain, and several cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals have been recently tested. In this context, the available randomized clinical trials are small, short-term and mainly tested different types of fibers, plant sterols/stanols, standardized extracts of red yeast rice, polyunsaturated fatty acids, soy derivatives, and some probiotics. In children with dyslipidemia, nutraceuticals can improve lipid profile in the context of an adequate, well-balanced diet combined with regular physical activity. Of course, they should not be considered an alternative to conventional lipid-lowering drugs when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (V.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Naif Saad ALGhasab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Ha’il University, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary University, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (V.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (V.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (V.D.M.); (M.G.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Heart, Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Costa MM, Spínola MP, Tavares B, Pestana JM, Tavares JC, Martins CF, Alfaia CM, Carvalho DFP, Mendes AR, Ferreira JI, Mourato MP, Lordelo MM, Prates JAM. Effects of high dietary inclusion of Arthrospira platensis, either extruded or supplemented with a super-dosing multi-enzyme mixture, on broiler growth performance and major meat quality parameters. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:176. [PMID: 38711127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation assessed the effects of high dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat quality and nutritional attributes. For this, 120 male broiler chicks were housed in 40 battery brooders (three birds per brooder). Initially, for 14 days, a standard corn and soybean meal diet was administered. Subsequently, from days 14 to 35, chicks were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (n = 10 per treatment): (1) control diet (CTR); (2) diet with 15% Spirulina (SP); (3) diet with 15% extruded Spirulina (SPE); and (4) diet with 15% Spirulina plus a super-dosing enzymes supplement (0.20% pancreatin extract and 0.01% lysozyme) (SPM). RESULTS Throughout the experimental period, both SP and SPM diets resulted in decreased final body weight and body weight gain compared to control (p < 0.001), with the SPE diet showing comparable results to CTR. The SPE diet prompted an increase in average daily feed intake (p = 0.026). However, all microalga treatments increased the feed conversion ratio compared to CTR. Dietary inclusion of Spirulina notably increased intestinal content viscosity (p < 0.010), which was mitigated by the SPM diet. Spirulina supplementation led to lower pH levels in breast meat 24 h post-mortem and heightened the b* colour value in both breast and thigh meats (p < 0.010). Furthermore, Spirulina contributed to an increased accumulation of total carotenoids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), while diminishing n-6 PUFA, thus altering the n-6/n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratios favourably (p < 0.001). However, it also reduced zinc concentration in breast meat (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that high Spirulina levels in broiler diets impair growth due to increased intestinal viscosity, and that extrusion pre-treatment mitigates this effect. Despite reducing digesta viscosity, a super-dosing enzyme mix did not improve growth. Data also indicates that Spirulina enriches meat with antioxidants and n-3 PUFA but reduces α-tocopherol and increases saturated fats. Reduced zinc content in meat suggests the need for Spirulina biofortification to maintain its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica M Costa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria P Spínola
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Pestana
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João C Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Martins
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Alfaia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela F P Carvalho
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mendes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana I Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel P Mourato
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena M Lordelo
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
- AL4AnimalS - Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Lee G, Jung BH, Lee T, Park JH, Kim HS, Kim H, Yang HO. Exploring the Metabolic Effects of a Herbal Remedy of Asarum sieboldii, Platycodon grandiflorum, and Cinnamomum cassia Extracts: Unraveling Its Therapeutic Potential as a Topical Application for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:563. [PMID: 38790668 PMCID: PMC11117881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that our novel herbal remedy, a mixture of Asarum sieboldii, Platycodon grandiflorum, and Cinnamomum Cassia extracts, exhibits a therapeutic effect in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced mice by inhibiting the Th-2 inflammatory response upon oral administration. It also ameliorated imbalances in lipid metabolism related to the skin barrier function in keratinocytes, indicating its potential as a topical agent. This study aims to further investigate the therapeutic effects and metabolic mechanisms of its topical application. The anti-atopic effect was evaluated using dermatitis scores, histopathological analysis, and immune cell factors in DNCB-induced mice. Metabolomic profiling of serum and lesional skin was conducted to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms. The topical application significantly reduced dermatitis scores, mast cell infiltration, and serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), demonstrating its effectiveness in treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Serum metabolomics revealed alterations in fatty acid metabolism related to the pro-inflammatory response. In lesional skin, metabolic markers associated with oxidative stress, immune regulation, and AD symptoms were restored. This study demonstrated its potential as a topical agent in suppressing Th-2 inflammatory responses and improving metabolic abnormalities related to AD symptoms, providing crucial insights for developing natural AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakyung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.L.); (T.L.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.L.); (T.L.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.H.P.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (G.L.); (T.L.)
- Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang HF, Liu WC, Zailani H, Yang CC, Chen TB, Chang CM, Tsai IJ, Yang CP, Su KP. A 12-week randomized double-blind clinical trial of eicosapentaenoic acid intervention in episodic migraine. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:459-467. [PMID: 38499208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit migraine improvement, though prior studies are inconclusive. This study evaluated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on episodic migraine (EM) prevention. Seventy individuals with EM participated in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from March 2020 and May 2022. They were randomly assigned to either the EPA (N = 35, 2 g fish oil with 1.8 g of EPA as a stand-alone treatment daily), or the placebo group (N = 35, 2 g soybean oil daily). Migraine frequency and headache severity were assessed using the monthly migraine days, visual analog scale (VAS), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (MSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in comparison to baseline measurements. The EPA group significantly outperformed the placebo in reducing monthly migraine days (-4.4 ± 5.1 days vs. - 0.6 ± 3.5 days, p = 0.001), days using acute headache medication (-1.3 ± 3.0 days vs. 0.1 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.035), improving scores for headache severity (ΔVAS score: -1.3 ± 2.4 vs. 0.0 ± 2.2, p = 0.030), disability (ΔMIDAS score: -13.1 ± 16.2 vs. 2.6 ± 20.2, p = 0.001), anxiety and depression (ΔHADS score: -3.9 ± 9.4 vs. 1.1 ± 9.1, p = 0.025), and quality of life (ΔMSQ score: -11.4 ± 19.0 vs. 3.1 ± 24.6, p = 0.007). Notably, female particularly benefited from EPA, underscoring its potential in migraine management. In conclusion, high-dose EPA has significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity, improved psychological symptoms and quality of life in EM patients, and shown no major adverse events, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic for EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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22
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Okumura M, Sato T, Takahashi J, Kokubu T, Nakada R, Kitagawa T, Tanabe M, Takatsu H, Onda A, Komatsu T, Sakuta K, Sakai K, Umehara T, Mitsumura H, Iguchi Y. Small ischemic lesions accompanying intracerebral hemorrhage: The underlying influence of old lacunes and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1157-1165. [PMID: 38331645 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Small ischemic lesions (SILs) accompanying intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) might be induced by small-vessel vulnerability and hypercoagulation. Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with hypercoagulation in cardiovascular diseases. Our aim here is to determine how pre-existing small-vessel disease (SVD) and PUFAs may affect SILs. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened consecutive ICH patients (October 2012-December 2021) meeting two inclusion criteria: (1) the patients were hospitalized for acute ICH and were undergoing magnetic resonance imaging and (2) the patients' PUFA measurements were available. After excluding patients with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage, we evaluated whether three SVD markers (white matter hyperintensities, old lacunes, cerebral microbleeds) and PUFAs might be associated with the development of SILs. We selected 319 participants from 377 screened consecutive ICH patients (median age = 64, males = 207 [65 %]). Of the 319 patients, 45 patients (14 %) developed SILs. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with SILs were old lacunes (OR 3.255, 95 % CI 1.101-9.622, p = 0.033) and DHA/AA ratio (OR 0.180, 95 % CI 0.046-0.704, p = 0.013). Furthermore, in our multivariable analysis using DHA/AA ratio tertiles with and without SILs, we observed a linear trend between SILs and the Higher Tertile of the DHA/AA ratio (DHA/AA ratio Mid-Tertile: OR 1.330, 95%CI 0.557-3.177, p = 0.521, and DHA/AA ratio Lower Tertile: OR 2.632, 95%CI 1.124-6.162, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION The presence of old lacunes and lower DHA/AA ratios might be associated with SILs accompanying ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junichiro Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kokubu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nakada
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanabe
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Onda
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakuta
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Mitsumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Suneson K, Söderberg Veibäck G, Lindahl J, Tjernberg J, Ståhl D, Ventorp S, Ängeby F, Lundblad K, Wolkowitz OM, Lindqvist D. Omega-3 fatty acids for inflamed depression - A match/mismatch study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:192-201. [PMID: 38432599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research on the pathophysiology of depression, the development of new therapeutic interventions has been slow, and no biomarkers of treatment response have been clinically implemented. Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has hampered progress in this field. MDD with low-grade inflammation - "inflamed depression" - is a subtype of depression that may be associated with a superior antidepressant treatment response to anti-inflammatory compounds. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has anti-inflammatory properties, and preliminary data suggest that it may be particularly efficacious in inflamed depression. In this study we tested the hypothesis that add-on EPA has greater antidepressant efficacy in MDD patients with high baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to MDD patients with low hs-CRP. All subjects received 2.2 g EPA, 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 800 mg of other fatty acids daily for 8 weeks, added to stable ongoing antidepressant treatment. The primary outcome was change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Patients and raters were blind to baseline hs-CRP status. In an intention-to-treat analysis including all subjects with at least one post baseline visit (n = 101), ahs-CRPcut-off of ≥1 mg/L, but not ≥3 mg/L, was associated with a greater improvement in HAMD-17 total score. In addition to a general antidepressant effect among patients with hs-CRP ≥ 1 mg/L, adjuvant EPA treatment improved symptoms putatively related to inflamed depression such as fatigue and sleep difficulties. This adds to the mounting evidence that delineation of MDD subgroups based on inflammation may be clinically relevant to predict treatment response to anti-inflammatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Suneson
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gustav Söderberg Veibäck
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lindahl
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Tjernberg
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Psychiatry Research Skåne, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darya Ståhl
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University
| | - Simon Ventorp
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University
| | - Filip Ängeby
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Lundblad
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Lund, Sweden; Office for Psychiatry, Norra Stockholm Psykiatri, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Psychiatry Research Skåne, Office for Psychiatry, Habilitation and Technical Aids, Lund, Sweden.
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24
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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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25
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Liao Q, Huang L, Cai F, Luo W, Li M, Yang J, Tang B, Xiao X, Yan X, Zheng J. Metabolomics perspectives into the co-exposure effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals on renal function: A meet-in-the-middle approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170975. [PMID: 38360308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the dose effects of kidney impairment and metabolomes in co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals are limited. We aimed to identify overall associations and metabolic perturbations in 130 participants (53 petrochemical workers and 77 controls) exposed to a PAHs-metals mixture in Southern China. The urinary 7 hydroxylated PAHs and 15 metal(loid)s were determined, and serum creatinine, beta-2 microglobulin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were health outcomes. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method was applied to serum metabolomics. Generalized weighted quantile sum (gWQS) regressions were used to estimate the overall dose-response relationships, and pathway analysis, "meet-in-the-middle" approach, and mediation effect analyses were conducted to identify potential metabolites and biological mechanisms linking exposure with nephrotoxic effects. Our results indicated that renal function reduction was associated with a PAHs-metals mixture in a dose-dependent manner, and 1-hydroxynaphthalene and copper were the most predominant contributors among the two families of pollutants. Furthermore, the metabolic disruptions associated with the early onset of kidney impairment induced by the combination of PAHs and metals encompassed pathways such as phenylalanine-tyrosine-tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. In addition, the specifically identified metabolites demonstrated excellent potential as bridging biomarkers connecting the reduction in renal function with the mixture of PAHs and metals. These findings shed light on understanding the overall associations and metabolic mechanism of nephrotoxic effects of co-exposure to PAHs and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Liao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lulu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Fengshan Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weikeng Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Min Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Center of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Syed T, Krujatz F, Ihadjadene Y, Mühlstädt G, Hamedi H, Mädler J, Urbas L. A review on machine learning approaches for microalgae cultivation systems. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108248. [PMID: 38493599 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae plays a crucial role in biomass production within aquatic environments and are increasingly recognized for their potential in generating biofuels, biomaterials, bioactive compounds, and bio-based chemicals. This growing significance is driven by the need to address imminent global challenges such as food and fuel shortages. Enhancing the value chain of bio-based products necessitates the implementation of an advanced screening and monitoring system. This system is crucial for tailoring and optimizing the cultivation conditions, ensuring the lucrative and efficient production of the final desired product. This, in turn, underscores the necessity for robust predictive models to accurately emulate algae growth in different conditions during the initial cultivation phase and simulate their subsequent processing in the downstream stage. In pursuit of these objectives, diverse mechanistic and machine learning-based methods have been independently employed to model and optimize microalgae processes. This review article thoroughly examines the techniques delineated in the literature for modeling, predicting, and monitoring microalgal biomass across various applications such as bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and the food industry. While highlighting the merits and limitations of each method, we delve into the realm of newly emerging hybrid approaches and conduct an exhaustive survey of this evolving methodology. The challenges currently impeding the practical implementation of hybrid techniques are explored, and drawing inspiration from successful applications in other machine-learning-assisted fields, we review various plausible solutions to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Syed
- Institute of Automation, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Saxony, Germany
| | - Felix Krujatz
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz, 02763, Zittau, Germany; Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Saxony, Germany
| | - Yob Ihadjadene
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Homa Hamedi
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Saxony, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mädler
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Leon Urbas
- Institute of Automation, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Saxony, Germany; Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Saxony, Germany
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Tsai MF, Nargotra P, Liao KT, Wang HMD, Tsai YH, Liu YC, Kuo CH. High oxidative stability of a complex fish liver oil nano-capsules in response to long-term storage, and to hyperthermal and sunlight exposure. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3594-3605. [PMID: 38149759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, a biocompatible nano-carrying platform using chitosan (ChI) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) was developed for the encapsulation of cobia liver oil (CBLO) to prevent its oxidation and improve its absorption. An ionic gelation method was applied to encapsulate CBLO with different weight ratios (from 1.0 to 1.5) to obtain ChS-ChI nano-capsules (ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs). RESULTS Morphological observations of the nano-capsules revealed a spherical shape and diameter around 267-381 nm. The maximum loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) for ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis were 25.7% and 56.2%, respectively. The structural stability of ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs was confirmed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis; moreover DSC also further confirmed the oxidative stability of ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the excellent stability of ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs against high temperature and sunlight exposure. Biocompatibility analysis also verified the non-toxicity of ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs, further indicating safety and potential application in complex-nutritional supplements. CONCLUSION Nano-degree of ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs has a loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of around 16.5 ~ 25.7% and 33.4 ~ 56.2%, respectively, for encapsulation of CBLO. Characterization results also indicate that ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs display high oxidative stability against long-term, hyperthermal, and sunlight exposure. Bioassay results confirm that the ChS-ChI@CBLO NCs are safe and non-toxic. This study demonstrates that nano-capsules are also beneficial in preventing sensitive compounds from metamorphosis, and are non-toxic. These materials are suitable for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fong Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liao
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kuo
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Aquatic Products Inspection Service, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Uygun Özel S, Bayram S, Kılınç M. The relationship between dietary profile and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with EDSS and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:404-412. [PMID: 37071567 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the main neurological causes of disability seen at young ages, affects the quality of life of patients. Studies on which dietary pattern or consumption of food groups may have an impact on quality of life for MS patients are insufficient. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean diet and consumption levels of food groups on quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. METHODS This study was conducted with 95 patients, 76 females and 19 males, aged 18-65 years, who had been diagnosed with MS for at least 2 years and did not have any other chronic disease. Food Frequency Questionnaire, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Instrument (MS-QoL-54) used as tools. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. RESULTS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with EDSS and physical and mental quality of life parameters (CPH and CMH), independent of progression. It was associated with EDSS and CMH in progressive MS. A statistically significant negative weak correlation was found between daily milk and oilseed consumption and EDSS. Daily fruit consumption was associated with CMH, and vegetable consumption was associated with both CPH and CMH. CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet may be an effective nutritional model in MS patients and may be related to the disability level and quality of life of the patients. Some food groups can be associated with the quality of life and disability level of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Uygun Özel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Münire Kılınç
- Department of Neurology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cruz C, Prado CM, Gillis C, Martindale R, Bémeur C, Lai JC, Tandon P. Nutritional aspects of prehabilitation in adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00825. [PMID: 38546288 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition, sarcopenia (low muscle mass), and physical frailty have gained increasing recognition in candidates for liver transplant (LT) as these conditions can impact postoperative functional capacity. Multidimensional prehabilitation programs have been proposed as a safe intervention in adults awaiting LT but the nutritional pillar of prehabilitation has been understudied. This review summarizes the nutritional recommendations for prehabilitation for individuals with cirrhosis awaiting LT. Three major aspects of nutritional prehabilitation are discussed: (1) Assess: Evaluate nutritional status and assess for malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty to guide the nutritional prehabilitation intervention intensity, increasing across universal, targeted, and specialist levels; (2) Intervene: Prescribe a nutritional prehabilitation intervention to meet established nutrition guidelines in cirrhosis with a targeted focus on improving nutritional status and muscle health; (3) Reassess: Follow-up based on the required intensity of nutritional care with as needed intervention adjustment. Topics covered in the review include nutritional care levels for prehabilitation, energy prescriptions across body mass index strata, detailed considerations around protein intake (amount, distribution, and quality), carbohydrate and fat intake, other nutritional considerations, and the potential role of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Future research is warranted to more accurately evaluate energy needs, evaluate emerging dietary supplementation strategies, and establish the role of nutraceuticals alongside food-based interventions. While the general principles of nutritional prehabilitation are ready for immediate application, future large-scale randomized controlled trials in this space will help to quantify the benefit that can be gained by transitioning the LT approach from passive "transplant waitlist time" to active "transplant preparation time."
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chelsia Gillis
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chantal Bémeur
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kim H, Shin S, Jeon IH, Kwak JM. Biological assessment of the omega-3 status after omega-3 enriched dietary during an active seasonal performance on soccer players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:71. [PMID: 38519976 PMCID: PMC10960390 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the physiological change of blood fatty acid composite during the seasonal performance of soccer players with omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid balanced dietary supplementation. METHODS This study included 20 healthy and trained male soccer players. During the study, data collection was performed three times (pre-, mid-, post-season). Anthropometric data collection and blood sampling for the assessment of the omega index were performed. The mid- and post-seasonal data were compared with baseline data collected before the starting season (pre-seasonal data). RESULTS Elevated levels of omega-3, HS-omega, and trans fatty acid were observed in both the mid- and post-seasonal data. During the season, the levels of omega-6/omega-3 and saturated fatty acid decreased, whereas there were no differences in total cholesterol, cholesterol LDL, HDL, BUN/Cr, HbA1c (NGSP), and cystatin C. CONCLUSIONS n-3 PUFA-enriched dietary supplementation might alter blood omega-3 indices in soccer players during the season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - In-Ho Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Man Kwak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, South Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Castellanos-Perilla N, Borda MG, Aarsland D, Barreto GE. An analysis of omega-3 clinical trials and a call for personalized supplementation for dementia prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:313-324. [PMID: 38379273 PMCID: PMC11090157 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2313547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is linked with healthy aging, cardiovascular benefits, and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Although omega-3 has health benefits, its intake is often inadequate and insufficient in modern diets. Although fish oil supplements offer an alternative source, inconsistent results from clinical trials raise questions about the factors determining their success. AREAS COVERED In this this review, the authors discuss the aforementioned determining factors and highlight strategies that could enhance the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs interventions for dementia and cognitive decline. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for potential future research. EXPERT OPINION Factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition can all influence the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation. When implementing clinical trials, it is crucial to consider these factors and recognize their potential impact on the interpretation of results. It is important to study each variable independently and the interactions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Castellanos-Perilla
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel Germán Borda
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Reemst K, Lopizzo N, Abbink MR, Engelenburg HJ, Cattaneo A, Korosi A. Molecular underpinnings of programming by early-life stress and the protective effects of early dietary ω6/ω3 ratio, basally and in response to LPS: Integrated mRNA-miRNAs approach. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:283-297. [PMID: 38242369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) exposure increases the risk for mental disorders, including cognitive impairments later in life. We have previously demonstrated that an early diet with low ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio protects against ELS-induced cognitive impairments. Several studies have implicated the neuroimmune system in the ELS and diet mediated effects, but currently the molecular pathways via which ELS and early diet exert their long-term impact are not yet fully understood. Here we study the effects of ELS and dietary PUFA ratio on hippocampal mRNA and miRNA expression in adulthood, both under basal as well as inflammatory conditions. Male mice were exposed to chronic ELS by the limiting bedding and nesting material paradigm from postnatal day(P)2 to P9, and provided with a diet containing a standard (high (15:1.1)) or protective (low (1.1:1)) ω6 linoleic acid to ω3 alpha-linolenic acid ratio from P2 to P42. At P120, memory was assessed using the object location task. Subsequently, a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection was given and 24 h later hippocampal genome-wide mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression was measured using microarray. Spatial learning deficits induced by ELS in mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet were reversed by the early-life protective (low ω6/ω3) diet. An integrated miRNA - mRNA analysis revealed that ELS and early diet induced miRNA driven mRNA expression changes into adulthood. Under basal conditions both ELS and the diet affected molecular pathways related to hippocampal plasticity, with the protective (low ω6/ω3 ratio) diet leading to activation of molecular pathways associated with improved hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory in mice previously exposed to ELS (e.g., CREB signaling and endocannabinoid neuronal synapse pathway). LPS induced miRNA and mRNA expression was strongly dependent on both ELS and early diet. In mice fed the standard (high ω6/ω3) diet, LPS increased miRNA expression leading to activation of inflammatory pathways. In contrast, in mice fed the protective diet, LPS reduced miRNA expression and altered target mRNA expression inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and pathways associated with hippocampal plasticity, which was especially apparent in mice previously exposed to ELS. This data provides molecular insights into how the protective (low ω6/ω3) diet during development could exert its long-lasting beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and learning and memory especially in a vulnerable population exposed to stress early in life, providing the basis for the development of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Reemst
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maralinde R Abbink
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Engelenburg
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, Istituto di Recupero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
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Schulze A, Busse M. Sports Diet and Oral Health in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:319. [PMID: 38399605 PMCID: PMC10890155 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antina Schulze
- General Outpatient Clinic of Sports Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Mizgier M, Więckowska B, Formanowicz D, Lombardi G, Brożek A, Nowicki M, Durkalec-Michalski K, Kędzia W, Jarząbek-Bielecka G. Effects of AIDiet intervention to improve diet quality, immuno-metabolic health in normal and overweight PCOS girls: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3525. [PMID: 38347150 PMCID: PMC10861446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in two groups of girls with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) categorized as slim (group N) and overweight-to-obese (group Ov/Ob). The study's primary outcome was to assess the impact of a 12-week anti-inflammatory diet (AIDiet) intervention, without energy deficit, on daily diet quality improvement, evaluated according to the KIDMED index. The secondary outcome was improving inflammatory, redox, hormonal, and metabolic statuses. In the study, which was completed by 13 girls from the Ov/Ob group and 19 girls from the N group, a significant improvement in the mean KIDMED score was obtained. Moreover, the intervention significantly improves concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), fasting insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, in the Ov/Ob group, while both groups experienced a reduction in the concentration of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), and androstenedione. The AIDiet intervention effectively improved the quality of the subjects' diets, which was associated with the improvement of hormonal and immuno-metabolic markers. However, these changes in normal-weight patients were observed regardless of body weight reduction. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04738409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mizgier
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Brożek
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzia
- Division of Developmental Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grażyna Jarząbek-Bielecka
- Division of Developmental Gynaecology and Sexology, Department of Gynaecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535, Poznan, Poland
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Masini A, Dallolio L, Sanmarchi F, Lovecchio F, Falato M, Longobucco Y, Lanari M, Sacchetti R. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents and Association with Multiple Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:449. [PMID: 38391824 PMCID: PMC10887852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been linked to numerous health benefits. This umbrella review aims to synthesize evidence from systematic reviews on the MD's impact on children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we included 11 systematic reviews focusing on the MD's effects on health outcomes, such as asthma, anthropometric measures, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers. The results indicate a protective role of the MD against childhood asthma due to its antioxidant-rich components. However, evidence for its impact on allergic conditions like rhinitis and eczema is inconclusive. Findings regarding anthropometric outcomes, particularly BMI, are limited and inconsistent. A positive correlation was observed between MD adherence and increased physical activity, improved physical fitness, quality of life, and reduced sedentary behavior. Additionally, the MD showed an inverse relationship with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits. The inconsistency in BMI findings and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of the MD warrant further longitudinal research. Future studies should explore the MD's impact on cognitive functions, academic performance, and mental health in this age group, highlighting the significance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Lovecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Falato
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Sacchetti
- Department of Education Studies "Giovanni Maria Bertin", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Carroll KN. Impact of Climate Change on Dietary Nutritional Quality and Implications for Asthma and Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:85-96. [PMID: 37973262 PMCID: PMC11233177 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic disorders are common in childhood with genetic and environmental determinants of disease that include prenatal nutritional exposures such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Global climate change is implicated in asthma and allergic disorder morbidity with potential mechanisms including perturbations of ecosystems. There is support that environmental and climatic changes such as increasing global temperate and carbon dioxide levels affect aquatic and agricultural ecosystems with subsequent alterations in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and nutrient quality and antioxidant capacity of certain crops, respectively. This article discusses asthma epidemiology and the influence of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Arabi SM, Bahari H, Chambari M, Bahrami LS, Mohaildeen Gubari MI, Watts GF, Sahebkar A. Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial function: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14109. [PMID: 37859571 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation has been reported to have an impact on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a conventionally used clinical technique for estimating endothelial dysfunction. However, its proven effects on endothelial function are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on FMD of the brachial artery. METHOD This study was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. To identify eligible RCTs, a systematic search was completed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science using relevant keywords. A fixed- or random-effects model was utilized to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Thirty-two studies (with 35 arms) were included in this meta-analysis, involving 2385 subjects with intervention duration ranging from 4 to 48 weeks. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant effect of omega-3 on FMD (WMD = 0.8%, 95% CI = 0.3-1.3, p = .001) and heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 82.5%, p < .001). CONCLUSION We found that n-3 PUFA supplementation improves endothelial function as estimated by flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Chambari
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gerald F Watts
- Cardiometabolic Service, Departments of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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38
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Bettle G, Bell DP, Bakewell SJ. A Novel Comprehensive Therapeutic Approach to the Challenges of Chronic Wounds: A Brief Review and Clinical Experience Report. Adv Ther 2024; 41:492-508. [PMID: 38104037 PMCID: PMC10838851 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Following the clinical perspective and concept that a healthy body will not develop chronic wounds, the central approach for the treatment described here is based on an understanding of how the body transforms the wound microenvironment from a non-healing to a healing state. As part of a comprehensive treatment regimen that includes OCM™ (complete matrix), wound preparation, and skin protectant formulations, the OCM contains components for complete wound healing by attending to the individual needs required to promote the closure of each unique chronic wound. During application of the comprehensive treatment regimen in independent investigator-led trials, the total wound percentage average reduction over the first 4 weeks of treatment was 60% across multiple wound types; median time to total wound closure was 6.9 weeks. Safety testing of the OCM formulation shows no potential allergenicity, no potential sensitization, and no known product-related adverse events. Clinical trials evaluating the OCM formulation as part of the comprehensive treatment regimen of multiple wound types are underway. Results of clinical trials and real-world experiences will expand current knowledge of the wound-healing potential of this novel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griscom Bettle
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA
| | - Desmond P Bell
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA
| | - Suzanne J Bakewell
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA.
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Liu Y, Du Z, Li Y, Lu S, Tang S, Guo L. Improving linolenic acid content in rapeseed oil by overexpression of CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 genes. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:9. [PMID: 38298744 PMCID: PMC10825089 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing public attention to the health benefit of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and demand for linolenic acid (C18:3), it is of great significance to increase the C18:3 content in our meal. As an oil crop with high content of C18:3, Camelina sativa has three homologous copies of FAD2 and three homologous copies FAD3. In this study, we seed-specifically overexpressed two Camelina sativa fatty acid desaturase genes, CsFAD2 and CsFAD3, in rapeseed cultivar Zhongshuang 9. The results show that C18:3 content in CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 overexpressed seeds is increased from 8.62% in wild-type (WT) to 10.62-12.95% and 14.54-26.16%, respectively. We crossed CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 overexpression lines, and stable homozygous digenic crossed lines were obtained. The C18:3 content was increased from 8.62% in WT to 28.46-53.57% in crossed overexpression lines. In addition, we found that the overexpression of CsFAD2 and CsFAD3 had no effect on rapeseed growth, development, and other agronomic traits. In conclusion, we successfully generated rapeseed germplasms with high C18:3 content by simultaneously overexpressing CsFAD2 and CsFAD3, which provides a feasible way for breeding high C18:3 rapeseed cultivars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-024-01445-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhuolin Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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Diez de Castro E, Fernandez-Molina JM. Environmental Management of Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:446. [PMID: 38338089 PMCID: PMC10854533 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental practices related to the inhalation of airborne dust have been identified as the main cause of equine asthma (EA) and reasonably, they are truly relevant in its treatment and control, especially for horses with its severe form. Vast research regarding environmental recommendations has been conducted in recent years. However, no recent exhaustive reviews exist that gather all this new evidence. The aim of this review is to report and compare the most pertinent information concerning the environmental management of EA. The main findings highlight the importance of the type of forage used for feeding but also its method of production and possible contamination during manufacture and/or storage. Procedures to reduce this, such as soaking and steaming hay, improve its hygienic quality, although they also decrease forage's nutritional value, making dietetic supplementation necessary. Regarding stabling, despite some conflicting results, avoiding straw as bedding and improving barn ventilation continue to be the common recommendations if turning to pasture is not feasible. Finally, owners' compliance has been identified as the most critical point in correct environmental control. Educating owners about the genuine benefits of these measures should be a cornerstone of EA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Diez de Castro
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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41
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Chumak T, Jullienne A, Joakim Ek C, Ardalan M, Svedin P, Quan R, Salehi A, Salari S, Obenaus A, Vexler ZS, Mallard C. Maternal n-3 enriched diet reprograms neurovascular transcriptome and blunts inflammation in neonate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576634. [PMID: 38328227 PMCID: PMC10849562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Infection during perinatal period can adversely affect brain development, predispose infants to ischemic stroke and have lifelong consequences. We previously demonstrated that diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) transforms brain lipid composition and protects from neonatal stroke. Vasculature is a critical interface between blood and brain providing a barrier to systemic infection. Here we examined whether maternal PUFA-enriched diets exert reprograming of endothelial cell signalling in 9-day old mice after endotoxin (LPS)-induced infection. Transcriptome analysis was performed on brain microvessels from pups born to dams maintained on 3 diets: standard, n-3 or n-6 enriched. N-3 diet enabled higher immune reactivity in brain vasculature, while preventing imbalance of cell cycle regulation and extracellular matrix cascades that accompanied inflammatory response in standard diet. LPS response in blood and brain was blunted in n-3 offspring. Cerebral angioarchitecture analysis revealed modified vessel complexity after LPS. Thus, n-3-enriched maternal diet partially prevents imbalance in homeostatic processes and alters inflammation rather than affects brain vascularization during early life. Importantly, maternal diet may presage offspring neurovascular outcomes later in life.
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Nomali M, Heidari ME, Ayati A, Tayebi A, Shevchuk O, Mohammadrezaei R, Navid H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Palii S, Valizade Shiran F, Khorasanian AS, Veysi Z, Jamalzehi A, Lesani A, Assari G, Khani S, Hassanpour K, Gerami H. Omega-3 supplementation and outcomes of heart failure: A systematic review of clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36804. [PMID: 38241565 PMCID: PMC10798699 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Omega-3 supplements are endorsed for heart failure (HF) patients to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, offering anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases until November 2022. Eligible studies included clinical trials on patients with HF. Data extraction covered study details, omega-3 specifics, outcomes, and limitations. The JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. RESULTS The review process involved 572 records from database searches, resulting in 19 studies after eliminating duplicates and screening. These studies assessed the impact of omega-3 on various clinical outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, cardiac function, and quality of life. Studied duration varied from weeks to years. Omega-3 supplementation demonstrated potential benefits such as improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and decreased risk of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation could benefit heart disease treatment, potentially reducing therapy duration and improving outcomes. Starting omega-3 supplementation for HF patients seems favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Nomali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aryan Ayati
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tayebi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Ramin Mohammadrezaei
- Fellowship of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Navid
- Fellowship of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Atie Sadat Khorasanian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Veysi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Jamalzehi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Lesani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnoosh Assari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Khani
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Kamyab Hassanpour
- School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadis Gerami
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adineh P, Amini S, Abolnezhadian F, Jafari F, Ebrahimian N. Nuts, vegetables, fruits, and protein dietary pattern during pregnancy is inversely associated with risk of childhood allergies: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:842. [PMID: 38191604 PMCID: PMC10774342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are prevalent chronic conditions among children and can lead to significant health and economic issues. It is hypothesized that healthy and high quality diet during pregnancy can prevent the onset of allergic diseases in offspring. This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between major dietary patterns during pregnancy and allergies in children under one year of age. This case-control study was conducted involving 244 participants (122 mothers of allergic children and 122 healthy controls) who visited pediatricians and allergy outpatient clinics in Khuzestan Province, Iran, between June 2022 and March 2023. Demographic information was recorded using a socio-demographic questionnaire. A food frequency questionnaire was used to identify the foods consumed during pregnancy. Major dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis, and the potential relationship between these patterns and childhood allergies was investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. The crude odds ratio (OR) analysis showed that the fourth quartile of "Nut, vegetables, fruits, and protein" dietary pattern was associated with lower occurrence of childhood allergies (OR: 0.214, 95% CI = 0.068-0.679; P trend = 0.211). After adjusting for cofactors in Model 3, this association was still observed in the fourth quartile (OR = 0.108, 95% CI = 0.019-0.613; P trend, 0.001). However, no significant association was observed between "Carbohydrate and cereals" and "Salty" dietary patterns and childhood allergies. The study findings suggest that a maternal dietary pattern rich in nuts, vegetables, and fruits during pregnancy may reduce the risk of allergic diseases in offspring.
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Grants
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
- (grant number: 400000040) Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs of the Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar City, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Adineh
- Student Research Committee, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Shirin Amini
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niayesh Ebrahimian
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Jayathilake AG, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Inhibitory Role of Long Chain n-3 PUFA in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241243024. [PMID: 38708673 PMCID: PMC11072084 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Multiple evidence suggests that there is an association between excess fat consumption and the risk of CRC. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for human health, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these fatty acids can prevent CRC development through various molecular mechanisms. These include the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) derived prostaglandin synthesis, alteration of growth signaling pathways, arrest of the cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and modulation of inflammatory response. Human clinical studies found that LC n-3 PUFA combined with chemotherapeutic agents can improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and associated side effects. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the anti-cancer effects of LC n-3 PUFA on CRC, with a main focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Muscular Skeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Zhao M, Xiao M, Tan Q, Ji J, Lu F. Association between dietary omega-3 intake and coronary heart disease among American adults: The NHANES, 1999-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294861. [PMID: 38117698 PMCID: PMC10732455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 has been extensively studied for its cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits. However, the results of this evidence are inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, dietary omega-3 intake was investigated further in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among U.S. adults. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for people ages 20 years and older between 1999 and 2018 to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The Medical Condition Questionnaire (MCQ) was used to determine CHD status. We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and CHD. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS). RESULTS 31,184 study subjects were included, of whom 1,604 (5.14%) were patients with CHD. By quintile (Q) of dietary omega-3 intake, after adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with Q1, when total dietary omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) intake reached Q5, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of CHD were 0.76 (0.60, 0.96), 0.73 (0.57, 0.94), 0.70 (0.54, 0.92), 0.66 (0.50, 0.85), 0.84 (0.69, 1.02), and 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), respectively, while EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the disease (Trend p > 0.05). Intake of omega-3 and CHD were linearly related (P for nonlinear = 0.603). No significant interactions were found within subgroups except for the age group (P for interaction = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis and multivariate logistic regression results are generally in agreement. CONCLUSIONS Total dietary omega-3, ALA, DPA, and ETA intake were negatively associated with CHD risk. In contrast, EPA and DHA had no significant correlation with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengli Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Ji
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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Li M, Gou D, Gong P, Di W, Wang L, Ding J, Chang Y, Zuo R. An Investigation on the Effects of Dietary Vitamin E on Juvenile Sea Urchin ( Strongylocentrotus intermedius): Growth, Intestinal Microbiota, Immune Response, and Related Gene Expression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1523. [PMID: 38132349 PMCID: PMC10740812 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A 90 d feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin E (VE) on growth, intestinal microbiota, immune response, and related gene expression of juvenile sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius). Six dry feeds were made to contain graded levels of VE (78, 105, 152, 235, 302, and 390 mg/kg); these were named E78, E105, E152, E235, E302, and E390, respectively. Dry feed E50 and fresh kelp (HD) were used as the control diets. There were six replicates of cages in each dietary group, and each cage held 20 sea urchins with an initial body weight of approximately 1.50 g. Results exhibited that weight gain rate and gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the sea urchins were not significantly affected by dietary VE ranging from 78 to 390 mg/kg. Sea urchins in the dry feed groups showed poorer growth performance, but significantly higher GSI than those in the fresh kelp groups. The pepsin and lipase activities were not significantly promoted by low or moderate VE, but were inhibited by a high level of VE (302-390 mg/kg), while amylase and cellulase activities were significantly increased by low or moderate VE, with the highest values observed in the E105 and E235 groups, respectively. VE addition at a low dosage (105-152 mg/kg) showed inhibitory effects on immune and antioxidant enzyme activities and expression of inflammation-related genes, but showed no beneficial effects at moderate or high dosage (235-390 mg/kg), while a moderate or relatively higher level of VE (235-302 mg/kg) significantly increased the expression of several immune-related genes. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ruegeria, and Maliponia in the intestine of the sea urchins increased with the increase in VE in the dry feeds. On the contrary, the relative abundance of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 gradually decreased as VE content increased. These results indicated that a moderate level of VE (172.5-262.4) can achieve ideal digestive enzyme activities and growth performance, but a relatively higher level of VE (235-302 mg/kg) was beneficial for maintaining the immune and antioxidant capacity of juvenile S. intermedius by regulating the expression of inflammation- and immune-related genes and abundance of some bacteria to a healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Weihai Ocean Vocational College, Weihai 264300, China
| | - Dan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Panke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Weixiao Di
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Rantao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (M.L.); (Y.C.)
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Shields A, Ly S, Wafae B, Chang YF, Manjaly P, Archila M, Heinrich C, Drake L, Mostaghimi A, Barbieri JS. Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Systematic Review. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:1373-1382. [PMID: 37878272 PMCID: PMC11015159 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with acne are interested in nutraceuticals as a potential treatment option. However, there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy and safety of these products. Objective To evaluate the evidence for oral nutraceuticals in the treatment of acne. Evidence Review The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception through January 30, 2023, to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating oral nutraceutical interventions (ie, vitamins and minerals, botanical extracts, prebiotics, and probiotics) in individuals with acne. Clinician-reported outcomes (eg, investigator global assessment, lesion counts), patient-reported outcomes (eg, quality of life), and adverse events were extracted from the included studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias checklist tool for randomized clinical trials. Based on the Risk of Bias tool, articles were converted to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality standards of good, fair, or poor quality. Findings A total of 2582 abstracts were identified in the database search, 42 of which met inclusion criteria (a total of 3346 participants). Studies of fair or good quality showed the potential benefit of vitamins B5 and D, botanical extracts (green tea), probiotics, and ω-3 fatty acids in the treatment of acne. These interventions were most frequently associated with decreased lesion counts or improved investigator global assessment scores. Adverse effects were rare for most of the therapies evaluated, but gastrointestinal tract adverse effects were reported for zinc therapy. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review suggests a possible role for nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of acne. Physicians should be prepared to discuss the evidence regarding the potential role of nutraceuticals with patients. Many studies were of small size, and future research should focus on larger randomized clinical trials to assess the utility of nutraceuticals in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shields
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Ly
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruna Wafae
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Feng Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priya Manjaly
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marjorie Archila
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lara Drake
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Barbieri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lin SY, Wang YY, Pan PH, Wang JD, Yang CP, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Liao SL, Lo YL, Chang YH, Chen CJ. DHA alleviated hepatic and adipose inflammation with increased adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 122:109457. [PMID: 37797731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with accumulation of inflammatory immune cells in white adipose tissue, whereas thermogenic browning adipose tissue is inhibited. Dietary fatty acids are important nutritional components and several clinical and experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on obesity-related metabolic changes. In this study, we investigated effects of DHA on hepatic and adipose inflammation and adipocyte browning in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Since visceral white adipose tissue has a close link with metabolic abnormality, epididymal adipose tissue represents current target for evaluation. A course of 8-week DHA supplementation improved common phenotypes of obesity, including improvement of insulin resistance, inhibition of macrophage M1 polarization, and preservation of macrophage M2 polarization in hepatic and adipose tissues. Moreover, dysregulated adipokines and impaired thermogenic and browning molecules, considered obesogenic mechanisms, were improved by DHA, along with parallel alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial DNA stress-directed innate immunity. During 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation, DHA treatment decreased lipid droplet accumulation and increased the levels of thermogenic, browning, and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules. Our study provides experimental evidence that DHA mitigates obesity-associated inflammation and induces browning of adipose tissue in visceral epididymal adipose tissue. Since obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities across tissues, our findings indicate that DHA may have potential as part of a dietary intervention to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Hsin Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Park J, Hall C, Hubbard B, LaMoia T, Gaspar R, Nasiri A, Li F, Zhang H, Kim J, Haeusler RA, Accili D, Shulman GI, Yu H, Choi E. MAD2-Dependent Insulin Receptor Endocytosis Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis. Diabetes 2023; 72:1781-1794. [PMID: 37725942 PMCID: PMC10658066 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulin activates insulin receptor (IR) signaling and subsequently triggers IR endocytosis to attenuate signaling. Cell division regulators MAD2, BUBR1, and p31comet promote IR endocytosis on insulin stimulation. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the IR-MAD2 interaction in mice delays IR endocytosis, increases IR levels, and prolongs insulin action at the cell surface. This in turn causes a defect in insulin clearance and increases circulating insulin levels, unexpectedly increasing glucagon levels, which alters glucose metabolism modestly. Disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction increases serum fatty acid concentrations and hepatic fat accumulation in fasted male mice. Furthermore, disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction distinctly changes metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in the liver and adipose tissues. Our findings establish the function of cell division regulators in insulin signaling and provide insights into the metabolic functions of IR endocytosis. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS The physiological role of IR endocytosis in insulin sensitivity remains unclear. Disruption of the IR-MAD2 interaction delays IR endocytosis and prolongs insulin signaling. IR-MAD2 controls insulin clearance and glucose metabolism. IR-MAD2 maintains energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Brandon Hubbard
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Traci LaMoia
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rafael Gaspar
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Urology and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Domenico Accili
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Hongtao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Lin J, Li JT, Kong L, Liu Q, Lv X, Wang G, Wei J, Zhu G, Chen Q, Tian H, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhang N, Yu X, Si T, Su YA. Proinflammatory phenotype in major depressive disorder with adulthood adversity: In line with social signal transduction theory of depression. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:275-282. [PMID: 37657624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social signal transduction theory of depression proposes that life stress can be transformed into inflammatory signals, and ultimately lead to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). The hypotheses of this study were: (1) The pro-inflammatory effect of life stress was only seen in patients with MDD, but not in healthy controls (HCs); (2) Inflammation can mediate the relationship between life stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS This study included 170 MDD patients and 196 HCs, and 13 immune-inflammatory biomarkers closely related to MDD were measured, principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to extract the inflammatory index. Life stress was assessed by Life Event Scale (LES), a total score of >32 points on the LES was considered as adulthood adversity (AA). Path analyses were used to explore the relationship among adulthood stress, inflammatory index, and severity of depression. RESULTS Among MDD patients, α2M, CXCL-1, IL-1β, and TLR-1 levels were higher in patients with AA than non-AA group (all FDR-adjusted P values <0.05), meanwhile, the levels of CCL-2 and IL-18 were lower. Path analyses suggested that pro- and anti-inflammatory index could mediate the association between AA and severity of depression in MDD patients. CONCLUSION This study found that inflammatory signals can mediate the relationship between adulthood adversity and depression, however, the causal relationship need to be further confirmed. These findings shed light on further understanding the theory of social signal transduction in MDD and provide clues for stress management and controlling inflammation strategies in depression. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT02023567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Linghua Kong
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- The first hospital of China medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianmei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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