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He J, Lu X, Mao N, Zhu T, Yu L, Yu Y, Peng S, Deng X, Hu B, Jiang W, Lu Y, Wang D. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide- functionalized dendritic fibrous nano-silica -based adjuvant for H 9N 2 oral vaccine enhance systemic and mucosal immunity in chickens. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124318. [PMID: 38852750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has the ability to infect birds and humans, further causing significant losses to the poultry industry and even posing a great threat to human health. Oral vaccine received particular interest for preventing majority infection due to its ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, but their development is limited by the bad gastrointestinal (GI) environment, compact epithelium and mucus barrier, and the lack of effective mucosal adjuvants. Herein, we developed the dendritic fibrous nano-silica (DFNS) grafted with Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDP) nanoparticles (CDP-DFNS) as an adjuvant for H9N2 vaccine. Encouragingly, CDP-DFNS facilitated the proliferation of T and B cells, and further induced the activation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Moreover, CDP-DFNS/H9N2 significantly promoted the antigen-specific antibodies levels in serum and intestinal mucosal of chickens, indicating the good ability to elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity. Additional, CDP-DFNS facilitate the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells both in spleen and intestinal mucosal, and the indexes of immune organs. This study suggested that CDP-DFNS may be a new avenue for development of oral vaccine against pathogens that are transmitted via mucosal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuanqi Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ningning Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Song Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yang X, Li J, Shan C, Song X, Yang J, Xu H, Ou D. Baicalin reduced injury of and autophagy-related gene expression in RAW264.7 cells infected with H6N6 avian influenza virus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32645. [PMID: 38988579 PMCID: PMC11233939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether baicalin could reduce the damage caused to RAW264.7 cells following infection with H6N6 avian influenza virus. In addition, we studied the expression of autophagy-related genes. The morphological changes in cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect the levels of RAW264.7 autophagosomes, and western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression of autophagy marker LC3. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA transcription levels of autophagy key factors. The results showed that different doses of baicalin significantly reduced the H6N6 virus-induced damage of RAW264.7 cells. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the cell supernatant significantly decreased. In addition, the protein expression of LC3 and Beclin-1, ATG12, ATG5 the mRNA levels were significantly decreased. This study showed that baicalin can reduce cell damage and affect the H6N6-induced autophagy level of RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Tongren Center for Prevention and Control of Animal Disease, Tongren, 554300, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Junxian Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuqin Song
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Deyuan Ou
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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Liao Q, Wang F, Zhou W, Liao G, Zhang H, Shu Y, Chen Y. Identification of Causal Relationships between Gut Microbiota and Influenza a Virus Infection in Chinese by Mendelian Randomization. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1170. [PMID: 38930552 PMCID: PMC11205835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported a correlation between gut microbiota and influenza A virus (IAV) infection and disease severity. However, the causal relationship between these factors remains inadequately explored. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiota on susceptibility to human infection with H7N9 avian IAV and the severity of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted, integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) on H7N9 susceptibility and H1N1pdm09 severity with a metagenomics GWAS dataset from a Chinese population. Twelve and fifteen gut microbiotas were causally associated with H7N9 susceptibility or H1N1pdm09 severity, separately. Notably, Clostridium hylemonae and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were negative associated with H7N9 susceptibility and H1N1pdm09 severity, respectively. Moreover, Streptococcus peroris and Streptococcus sanguinis were associated with H7N9 susceptibility, while Streptococcus parasanguini and Streptococcus suis were correlated with H1N1pdm09 severity. These results provide novel insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and IAV pathogenesis as well as new clues for mechanism research regarding therapeutic interventions or IAV infections. Future studies should concentrate on clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota and developing efficacious approaches to reduce the incidence of IAV infections, which could improve strategy for preventing and treating IAV infection worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Q.L.); (F.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
- BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518085, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Q.L.); (F.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Wudi Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Q.L.); (F.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Guancheng Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Q.L.); (F.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (Q.L.); (F.W.); (W.Z.); (G.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Hosnedlova B, Werle J, Cepova J, Narayanan VHB, Vyslouzilova L, Fernandez C, Parikesit AA, Kepinska M, Klapkova E, Kotaska K, Stepankova O, Bjorklund G, Prusa R, Kizek R. Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38753964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method's sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Lab, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kotaska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjorklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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He J, Deng J, Wen X, Yan M, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Du X, Yang H, Peng X. Isolation and genetic characteristics of Novel H4N1 Avian Influenza viruses in ChongQing, China. Virol J 2024; 21:85. [PMID: 38600529 PMCID: PMC11008002 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) constitute significant zoonotic pathogens encompassing a broad spectrum of subtypes. Notably, the H4 subtype of AIVs has a pronounced ability to shift hosts. The escalating prevalence of the H4 subtype heightens the concern for its zoonotic potential, signaling an urgent need for vigilance. METHODS During the period from December 2021 to November 2023, we collected AIV-related environmental samples and assessed them using a comprehensive protocol that included nucleic acid testing, gene sequencing, isolation culture, and resequencing. RESULTS In this study, a total of 934 environmental samples were assessed, revealing a remarkably high detection rate (43.66%, 289/662) of AIV in the live poultry market. Notably, the H4N1 subtype AIV (cs2301) was isolated from the live poultry market and its complete genome sequence was successfully determined. Subsequent analysis revealed that cs2301, resulting from a reassortment event between wild and domesticated waterfowl, exhibits multiple mutations and demonstrates potential for host transfer. CONCLUSIONS Our research once again demonstrates the significant role of wild and domesticated waterfowl in the reassortment process of avian influenza virus, enriching the research on the H4 subtype of AIV, and emphasizing the importance of proactive monitoring the environment related to avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue He
- The affiliated Yongchuan hospital of Chongqing medical university, 402160, Yongchuan, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China.
| | - Xianxian Wen
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - Mengyuan Yan
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - Yunqiu Zhou
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - XuBin Du
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - Han Yang
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- Chongqing Changshou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 401220, Changshou, China.
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Feoktistova S, Sayganova M, Trutneva K, Glazova O, Blagodatski AS, Shevkova L, Navoikova A, Anisimov Y, Albert E, Mityaeva O, Volchkov P, Deviatkin A. Abundant Intra-Subtype Reassortment Revealed in H13N8 Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:568. [PMID: 38675910 PMCID: PMC11054967 DOI: 10.3390/v16040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious threat to global health. On the one hand, these viruses cause seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. On the other hand, they are a zoonotic infection that has the potential to cause a pandemic. The most important natural reservoir of IAVs are waterfowl. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of IAV in birds in the Republic of Buryatia (region in Russia). In 2020, a total of 3018 fecal samples were collected from wild migratory birds near Lake Baikal. Of these samples, 11 were found to be positive for the H13N8 subtype and whole-genome sequencing was performed on them. All samples contained the same virus with the designation A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020. To our knowledge, virus A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 is the first representative of the H13N8 subtype collected on the territory of Russia, the sequence of which is available in the GenBank database. An analysis of reassortments based on the genome sequences of other known viruses has shown that A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 arose as a result of reassortment. In addition, a reassortment most likely occurred several decades ago between the ancestors of the viruses recently collected in China, the Netherlands, the United States and Chile. The presence of such reassortment emphasizes the ongoing evolution of the H13N8 viruses distributed in Europe, North and East Asia, North and South America and Australia. This study underscores the importance of the continued surveillance and research of less-studied influenza subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Feoktistova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Marya Sayganova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Kseniya Trutneva
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Olga Glazova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Artem S. Blagodatski
- Federal State Budget Institution of Science Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Liudmila Shevkova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Anna Navoikova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Yuriy Anisimov
- Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, 671220 Tankhoi, Russia;
| | - Eugene Albert
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Olga Mityaeva
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- The Moscow Clinical Scientific Center (MCSC) Named after A.S. Loginov, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Deviatkin
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Febbo J, Revels J, Ketai L. Viral Pneumonias. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:163-182. [PMID: 38280762 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is usually community acquired and caused by influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus. Many of these infections are airway centric and chest imaging demonstrates bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia, With the exception of adenovirus infections, the presence of lobar consolidation usually suggests bacterial coinfection. Community-acquired viral pathogens can cause more severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, who are also susceptible to CMV and varicella infection. These latter 2 pathogens are less likely to manifest the striking airway-centric pattern. Airway-centric pattern is distinctly uncommon in Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a rare environmentally acquired infection with high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Febbo
- University of New Mexico, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Jonathan Revels
- University of New Mexico, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Loren Ketai
- Department of Radiology, MSC 10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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El Sahly HM, Yildirim I, Frey SE, Winokur P, Jackson LA, Bernstein DI, Creech CB, Chen WH, Rupp RE, Whitaker JA, Phadke V, Hoft DF, Ince D, Brady RC, Edwards KM, Ortiz JR, Berman MA, Weiss J, Wegel A. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Delayed Heterologous Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine Boost Following Different Priming Regimens: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:327-340. [PMID: 37466221 PMCID: PMC10873179 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A (H7N9) has caused multiple disease waves with evidence of strain diversification. Optimal influenza A (H7N9) prime-boost vaccine strategies are unknown. METHODS We recruited participants who had received monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/2/2013 (H7N9) vaccine (MIV) approximately 5 years earlier, as follows: MIV with MF59 (MF59 × 2 group), MIV with AS03 (AS03 × 2 group), unadjuvanted MIV (No Adj group), MIV with MF59 or AS03 followed by unadjuvanted MIV (Adjx1 group), and A/H7-naive (unprimed group). Participants were randomized to receive 1 dose of AS03-adjuvanted or unadjuvanted A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) MIV and were followed for safety and immunogenicity using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody assays. RESULTS We enrolled 304 participants: 153 received the adjuvanted boost and 151 received the unadjuvanted boost. At 21 days postvaccination, the proportion of participants with HAI antibody titers against the boosting vaccine strain of ≥40 in the adjuvanted and unadjuvanted arms, respectively, were 88% and 49% in MF59 × 2 group, 89% and 75% in AS03 × 2 group, 59% and 20% in No Adj group, 94% and 55% in Adjx1group, and 9% and 11% in unprimed group. CONCLUSIONS Serologic responses to a heterologous A(H7N9) MIV boost were highest in participants primed and boosted with adjuvant-containing regimens. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03738241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Inci Yildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patricia Winokur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David I Bernstein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard E Rupp
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer A Whitaker
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varun Phadke
- The Hope Clinic of Emory University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dilek Ince
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rebecca C Brady
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan A Berman
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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9
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Gentile N, Carrasquer F, Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C. Backyard poultry: exploring non-intensive production systems. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103284. [PMID: 38056053 PMCID: PMC10749279 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of backyard poultry historically encompassed "food-producing animals." Nevertheless, a recent shift in livestock production paradigms within developed countries is evident, as backyard poultry owners now raise their birds for purposes beyond self-consumption, raising animals in a familiar way, and fostering emotional bonds with them. Because backyard animals are frequently privately owned, and the resulting products are typically not marketed, very little information is available about the demographic profile of backyard owners and information on flocks' characteristics, husbandry, and welfare. Thus, this review aims to clarify the characteristics of backyard poultry, highlighting the prevalent infectious diseases and the zoonotic risk to which farmers are exposed. According to the FAO, there are different types of poultry production systems: intensive, sub-intensive, and extensive. The system conditions, requirements, and the resulting performance differ extensively due to the type of breed, feeding practices, prevalence of disease, prevention and control of diseases, flock management, and the interactions among all these factors. The presence and transmission of infectious diseases in avian species is a problem that affects both the animals themselves and public health. Bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Mycoplasma), parasitic (helminths, louses, and mites), and viral (Avian influenza, Newcastle, Marek, Infectious Bronchitis, Gumboro, Infectious Laringotracheitis, and Fowlpox) are the most important pathogens involved in backyard poultry health. In addition, Avian influenza, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli, could be a risk for backyard farmers and/or backyard-derived products consumers. Thus, proper biosecurity implementation measures are mandatory to control them. While the principles and practices of on-farm biosecurity may be well-versed among commercial farmers, hobbyists, and backyard farmers might not be familiar with the necessary steps to protect their flocks from infectious diseases and curb their transmission. This sector represents the fourth category of poultry farming, characterized by the lowest biosecurity standards. Consequently, it is imperative to address the legal status of backyard poultry, educate owners about biosecurity measures, and promote proper veterinary care and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrasquer
- H&N International GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany; Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Uno N, Ross TM. Multivalent next generation influenza virus vaccines protect against seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1440. [PMID: 38228649 PMCID: PMC10792005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Each year, new influenza virus vaccine formulations are generated to keep up with continuously circulating and mutating viral variants. A next-generation influenza virus vaccine would provide long-lasting, broadly-reactive immune protection against current and future influenza virus strains for both seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Next generation immunogens were designed using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology to protect against a broad range of strains over numerous seasons. Novel HA and NA amino acid sequences were derived from multilayered consensus sequence alignment for multiple subtypes of influenza. This multivalent formulation was hypothesized to elicit broadly protective immune responses against both seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza viruses. Mice were vaccinated with multivalent mixtures of HA and NA (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, N1, N2) proteins. Multivalent COBRA vaccinations elicited antibodies that recognized a broad panel of strains and vaccinated mice were protected against viruses representing multiple subtypes. This is a promising candidate for a universal influenza vaccine that elicits protective immune responses against seasonal and pre-pandemic strains over multiple seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Uno
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 9801 SW Discovery Way, Port Saint Lucie, FL, 34986, USA.
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Shi H, Ross TM. Inactivated recombinant influenza vaccine: the promising direction for the next generation of influenza vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:409-418. [PMID: 38509022 PMCID: PMC11056089 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2333338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is the most effective method to control the prevalence of seasonal influenza and the most widely used influenza vaccine is the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Each season, the influenza vaccine must be updated to be most effective against current circulating variants. Therefore, developing a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can elicit both broad and durable protection is of the utmost importance. AREA COVERED This review summarizes and compares the available influenza vaccines in the market and inactivation methods used for manufacturing IIVs. Then, we discuss the latest progress of the UIV development in the IIV format and the challenges to address for moving these vaccine candidates to clinical trials and commercialization. The literature search was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the PubMed databases. EXPERT OPINION The unmet need for UIV is the primary aim of developing the next generation of influenza vaccines. The IIV has high antigenicity and a refined manufacturing process compared to most other formats. Developing the UIV in IIV format is a promising direction with advanced biomolecular technologies and next-generation adjuvant. It also inspires the development of universal vaccines for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lehner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Islam A, Rahman MZ, Hassan MM, Epstein JH, Klaassen M. Determinants for the presence of avian influenza virus in live bird markets in Bangladesh: Towards an easy fix of a looming one health issue. One Health 2023; 17:100643. [PMID: 38024264 PMCID: PMC10665153 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 endangers poultry, wildlife, and human health and is enzootic in large parts of Asia, with live bird markets (LBMs) as putative hotspots for their maintenance, amplification, and spread. To mitigate the extent of these and other avian influenza viruses (AIV) of concern, we aimed to increase our quantitative understanding of the factors determining the presence of avian influenza virus in LBM stalls. Between 2016 and 2017, we collected fecal or offal samples from 1008 stalls in 113 LBMs across the Dhaka and Rajshahi districts in Bangladesh. For each stall, samples were pooled and tested for the AIV matrix gene, followed by H5 and H9 subtyping using rRT-PCR. We detected Influenza A viral RNA in 49% of the stalls. Of the AIV positive samples, 52% and 24% were determined to be H5 and H9 viruses, respectively, which are both subtypes of considerable health concern. We used generalized linear mixed effect modelling to study AIV presence in individual stalls within LBMs as a function of 13 out of the 20 risk factors identified by FAO. We found that small and feasible improvements in cleaning and disinfection frequency, installing running water in stalls, and not mixing different breeds of chicken in the same cages had large impacts on the presence of AIV in stalls (Odds ratios 0.03-0.05). Next, cleaning vehicles used in poultry transport, not selling waterfowl with chickens in the same stall, buying stock directly from commercial farms, separating sick birds from healthy ones, and avoiding access by wild birds like house crows, also had major effects on lowering the risk of stalls having AIV (Odds ratios 0.16-0.33). These findings can be directly used in developing practical and affordable measures to reduce the prevalence of AIV in LBMs. Also, in settings with limited resources like Bangladesh, such mitigation may significantly contribute to reducing AIV circulation amongst poultry and spillover to wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- One Health Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | | | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Wei-Wen Hsiao W, Fadhilah G, Lee CC, Endo R, Lin YJ, Angela S, Ku CC, Chang HC, Chiang WH. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for avian influenza virus: A new way forward. Talanta 2023; 265:124892. [PMID: 37451119 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a zoonotic virus that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Although human infections are rare, the virus has a high mortality rate when contracted. Appropriate detection methods are thus crucial for combatting this pathogen. There is a growing demand for rapid, selective, and accurate methods of identifying the virus. Numerous biosensors have been designed and commercialized to detect AIV. However, they all have considerable shortcomings. Nanotechnology offers a new way forward. Nanomaterials produce more eco-friendly, rapid, and portable diagnostic systems. They also exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity while achieving a low detection limit (LOD). This paper reviews state-of-the-art nanomaterial-based biosensors for AIV detection, such as those composed of quantum dots, gold, silver, carbon, silica, nanodiamond, and other nanoparticles. It also offers insight into potential trial protocols for creating more effective methods of identifying AIV and discusses key issues associated with developing nanomaterial-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Gianna Fadhilah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Lee
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ryu Endo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 43210, USA
| | - Yu-Jou Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Stefanny Angela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
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14
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Song BM, Lee GH, Han HJ, Yang JH, Lee EG, Gu H, Park HK, Ryu K, Kim J, Kang SM, Tark D. Ultraviolet-C light at 222 nm has a high disinfecting spectrum in environments contaminated by infectious pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294427. [PMID: 38015931 PMCID: PMC10684113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet light (UV) acts as a powerful disinfectant and can prevent contamination of personal hygiene from various contaminated environments. The 222-nm wavelength of UV-C has a highly effective sterilization activity and is safer than 275-nm UV-C. We investigated the irradiation efficacy of 222-nm UV-C against contaminating bacteria and viruses in liquid and fabric environments. We conducted colony-forming unit assays to determine the number of viable cells and a 50% tissue culture infectious dose assay to evaluate the virus titration. A minimum dose of 27 mJ/cm2 of 222-nm UV-C was required for >95% germicidal activity for gram-negative and -positive bacteria. A 25.1 mJ/cm2 dose could ensure >95% virucidal activity against low-pathogenic avian influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In addition, this energy dose of 222-nm UV-C effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 variants, Delta and Omicron. These results provide valuable information on the disinfection efficiency of 222-nm UV-C in bacterial and virus-contaminated environments and can also develop into a powerful tool for individual hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Min Song
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Han
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Yang
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Lee
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Gu
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Kyeong Park
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Ryu
- Biodech lnc., Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Biodech lnc., Kyonggi University, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kang
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liao Q, Shen J, Chen Y, Shu Y. Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29266. [PMID: 38009617 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) that cross the species barrier to infect humans have the potential to initiate a new pandemic. However, the host factors influencing avian IAV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) of avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility (with 217 cases and 116 controls) with the largest GWAS of serum IgA levels to date (sample size 41 263). Using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, we discovered that genetically decreased serum IgA levels were associated with an increased risk of H7N9 infection (β = -2.528, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.572 to -0.484; p = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from three other MR methods, including robust IVW estimation (β = -2.506, 95% CI: -4.109 to -0.902; p = 0.002), generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) (β = -2.238, 95% CI: -4.106 to -0.602; p = 0.019), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) (β = -2.528, 95% CI: -4.396 to -0.892; p = 0.026). In conclusion, our analysis provided compelling evidence support a causal relationship between genetically predicted serum IgA levels and avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Vázquez-Fernández E, Rebollada-Merino A, Chinchilla B, Porras N, Rodríguez-Bertos A. Forensic investigations of religious rituals involving poultry: a case report. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:91-95. [PMID: 38000307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Animal victims of human cruelty are receiving increasing attention from the press and society. Veterinary pathologists and civic authorities have a duty not only to elucidate the cause, method and manner of death but also to address the motivation behind a case. Poultry are commonly used as offering to gods in Santería rituals (ebós). Only a few cases have been reported in scientific journals, in contrast with the number of cases described in the media. Here, a hen and a cockerel (Gallus domesticus) were submitted to the VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre for autopsy, which comprised macroscopic and histological studies and microbiological testing for Chlamydia psittaci, avian orthoavulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus), West Nile virus and avian influenza virus. The carcasses were in an active decay stage of decomposition, containing larvae of Lucilia eximia. Both animals had been decapitated and haemorrhages in the cutting region were observed histologically. Post-mortem burns were also observed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first post-mortem description of lesions in a domestic avian species due to religious rituals. European Union and Spanish forensic practitioners should be aware that these ritual sacrifices occur in some European countries. Moreover, future European and national legislation updates should consider this type of animal abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Rebollada-Merino
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Department of Production Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Chinchilla
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Department of Production Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Porras
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Department of Production Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Department of Production Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Xu S, Lan H, Teng Q, Li X, Jin Z, Qu Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Kang H, Yin TH, Li Z, Zhao K. An immune-enhanced multivalent DNA nanovaccine to prevent H7 and H9 avian influenza virus in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126286. [PMID: 37579904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
H7 avian influenza virus has caused multiple human infections and poses a severe public health threat. In response to the highly variable nature of AIVs, a novel, easily regenerated DNA vaccine has great potential in treating or preventing avian influenza pandemics. Nevertheless, DNA vaccines have many disadvantages, such as weak immunogenicity and poor in vivo delivery. To further characterize and solve these issues and develop a novel H7 AIV DNA vaccine with enhanced stability and immunogenicity, we constructed nine AIV DNA plasmids, and the immunogenicity screened showed that mice immunized with pβH7N2SH9 elicited stronger hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies than other eight plasmid DNAs. Then, to address the susceptibility to degradation and low transfection rate of DNA vaccine in vivo, we developed pβH7N2SH9/DGL NPs by encapsulating the pβH7N2SH9 within the dendrigraft poly-l-lysines nanoparticles. As expected, these NPs exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, were capable of promote lymphocyte proliferation, and induce stronger humoral and cellular responses than the naked pβH7N2SH9, including higher levels of HI antibodies than naked pβH7N2SH9, as well as the production of cytokines, namely, IL-2, IFN-α. Taken together, our results suggest that the construction of an immune-enhanced H7-AIV DNA nanovaccine may be a promising strategy against most influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangen Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Hailing Lan
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Hong Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150080, China
| | - Tan Hui Yin
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Heilongjiang Harbin 150080, China; Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang, Taizhou 318000, China.
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18
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Carnegie L, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Hill SC. Phylodynamic approaches to studying avian influenza virus. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:289-308. [PMID: 37565466 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2236568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease in domestic and wild birds and are a pandemic threat. Phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, evolutionary, and immunological processes can interact to shape viral phylogenies. This review summarizes how phylodynamic methods have and could contribute to the study of avian influenza viruses. Specifically, we assess how phylodynamics can be used to examine viral spread within and between wild or domestic bird populations at various geographical scales, identify factors associated with virus dispersal, and determine the order and timing of virus lineage movement between geographic regions or poultry production systems. We discuss factors that can complicate the interpretation of phylodynamic results and identify how future methodological developments could contribute to improved control of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carnegie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - G Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
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19
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Abdel-Maksoud EM, Daha AAEF, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Sadek KM, Alshahrani MY, Ahmed AE, Shukry M, Fadl SE, Elfeky M. Effects of ginger extract and/or propolis extract on immune system parameters of vaccinated broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102903. [PMID: 37506621 PMCID: PMC10413198 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI, H5N8), and infectious bronchitis (IB) are important diseases in the poultry industry and cause significant losses. Vaccination is the most practical method for controlling infectious diseases. To reduce vaccination costs and several disorders in poultry farms, using herbal water supplements for immunomodulation with vaccination is critical to improving or preventing some conditions in the poultry industry. However, drinking water supplementation of ginger extract (GE)/propolis extract (PE) alone/in combination may increase broilers' humoral and cellular immunity due to the immunomodulatory effects of ginger and propolis. This protocol aimed to see how GE/PE alone or in combination improved the immunity, immune organ gene expression, and histology of the immune organs of broilers for 35 d after vaccination against NDV, H5N8, IBV, and IBDV. The chicks were dispensed into 5 groups according to GE and/or PE with vaccination. The control group was offered normal drinking water without any supplements or vaccinations. The GE group was supplemented with ginger extract (1 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The GE+PE group was supplemented with GE (0.5 mL/L drinking water) and PE (0.5 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The PE group was supplemented with propolis extract (1 mL/L drinking water) in the drinking water before and after vaccination for 2 and 3 d, respectively. The fifth group was the vaccinated untreated group. This experiment showed the immunomodulatory properties of GE and/or PE against 3 common diseases, NDV, AI, and IB, in broiler chicken farms for 35 d applied to a vaccination program. Thus, ginger extract and propolis extract supplementation in drinking water increased antibody titer, INF, IL10, and IL2 and TLR3 gene expression in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, respectively, as well as cellular immunity as indicated by increased CD3, CD4, and CD8 in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen, respectively, with normal lymphocytes in the medulla of the bursa, thymus, and spleen. In conclusion, propolis extracts alone or with GE improved all of the metrics mentioned above without harming the histology of the immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El Fattah Daha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elfeky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
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20
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Chen YQ, Su GM, Zhang JH, Li B, Ma KX, Zhang X, Huang LH, Liao M, Qi WB. HVT-vectored H7 vaccine protects chickens from lethal infection with the highly pathogenic H7N9 Avian influenza virus. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109852. [PMID: 37683421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Since mid-2016, the highly pathogenic H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has threatened both public health and the poultry industry. Although a vaccination strategy has been deemed imperative to manage the virus, the most commonly used inactivated vaccines today are susceptible to interference from maternal antibodies and associated with an over-reliance on humoral immunity. In response, we developed a recombination vaccine with the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) as the vector to squeeze HPAI H7N9 and assessed its protective efficiency in immunized chickens. By inserting an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression cassette (i.e., MCMV+EGFP+SV40 polyA) into the HVT065 and HVT066 positions, we obtained the recombinant HVT expressing EGFP (i.e., rHVT-EGFP). Electroporation and EGFP tags improved the efficiency of transfection compared with transfection using expression plasmids without any fluorescent labeling and traditional liposomes. Using limiting dilution analysis and ultrasonic cell disruption techniques, we screened and purified a cell-bound herpes virus based on rHVT-EGFP and consequently constructed a recombinant HVT expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 (i.e., rHVT-H7HA), which was able to proliferate similarly to the parental strain, stably pass for at least 15 generations in vitro, and replicate stably in multiple organs in vivo. After chickens were immunized with rHVT-H7HA, the average antibody titers reached up to 3 log2 at 35 d post-vaccination and remained stable. Those results suggest that rHVT-H7HA can protect chickens against H7N9 with a dose-independent immune protection rate of 90% and significantly reduce the lung virus titer 4 d post-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guan-Ming Su
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Ma
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wen-Bao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Xu S, Yu L, Teng Q, Li X, Jin Z, Qu Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhao K. Enhance immune response to H9 AIV DNA vaccine based on polygene expression and DGL nanoparticle encapsulation. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102925. [PMID: 37542938 PMCID: PMC10428121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has great potential to treat or prevent avian influenza pandemics, but the technique may be limited by low immunogenicity and gene delivery in clinical testing. Here, to improve the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines against avian influenza, we prepared and tested the immunogenicity of 4 recombinant DNA vaccines containing 2 or 3 AIV antigens. The results revealed that chickens and mice immunized with plasmid DNA containing 3 antigens (HA gene from H9N2, and NA and HA genes from H5N1) exhibited a robust immune response than chickens and mice immunized with plasmid DNAs containing 2 antigenic genes. Subsequently, this study used pβH9N1SH5 as a model antigen to study the effect of dendritic polylysine (DGL) nanoparticles as a gene delivery system and adjuvant on antigen-specific immunity in mice models. At a ratio of 1:3 DGL/pβH9N1SH5 (w/w), the pβH9N1SH5/DGL NPs showed excellent physical and chemical properties, induced higher levels of HI antibodies, and larger CD3+/CD4+ T lymphocyte and CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocyte population, as well as the production of cytokines, namely, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 compared with the naked pβH9N1SH5. Therefore, multiantigen gene expression methods using DGL as a delivery system may have broad application prospects in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangen Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
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22
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Honce R, Schultz-Cherry S. Looking beyond the H5 avian influenza viruses. Cell 2023; 186:4003-4004. [PMID: 37714131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses continue to cross the species barrier and infect mammals. In this issue of Cell, Sun and colleagues demonstrate that viruses obtained from humans infected with an emergent avian H3N8 viruses exhibit increasing accumulation of mutations that promote respiratory droplet transmission and disease in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Honce
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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23
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Pereira PDC, Diniz DG, da Costa ER, Magalhães NGDM, da Silva ADJF, Leite JGS, Almeida NIP, Cunha KDN, de Melo MAD, Vasconcelos PFDC, Diniz JAP, Brites D, Anthony DC, Diniz CWP, Guerreiro-Diniz C. Genes, inflammatory response, tolerance, and resistance to virus infections in migratory birds, bats, and rodents. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239572. [PMID: 37711609 PMCID: PMC10497949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major approaches are adopted by the host to deal with the pathogen: resistance or tolerance. The nature of the responses often differs between species and between individuals of the same species. Resistance includes innate and adaptive immune responses to control virus replication. Disease tolerance relies on the immune response allowing the coexistence of infections in the host with minimal or no clinical signs, while maintaining sufficient viral replication for transmission. Here, we compared the virome of bats, rodents and migratory birds and the molecular mechanisms underlying symptomatic and asymptomatic disease progression. We also explore the influence of the host physiology and environmental influences on RNA virus expression and how it impacts on the whole brain transcriptome of seemingly healthy semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) and spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius). Three time points throughout the year were selected to understand the importance of longitudinal surveys in the characterization of the virome. We finally revisited evidence that upstream and downstream regulation of the inflammatory response is, respectively, associated with resistance and tolerance to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Ramos da Costa
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Jesus Falcão da Silva
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Gizele Sousa Leite
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Natan Ibraim Pires Almeida
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kelle de Nazaré Cunha
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mauro André Damasceno de Melo
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Picanço Diniz
- Seção de Hepatologia, Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
- Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
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24
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Xu H, Zhu S, Govinden R, Chenia HY. Multiple Vaccines and Strategies for Pandemic Preparedness of Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1694. [PMID: 37632036 PMCID: PMC10459121 DOI: 10.3390/v15081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are a continuous cause of concern due to their pandemic potential and devasting effects on poultry, birds, and human health. The low pathogenic avian influenza virus has the potential to evolve into a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, resulting in its rapid spread and significant outbreaks in poultry. Over the years, a wide array of traditional and novel strategies has been implemented to prevent the transmission of AIV in poultry. Mass vaccination is still an economical and effective approach to establish immune protection against clinical virus infection. At present, some AIV vaccines have been licensed for large-scale production and use in the poultry industry; however, other new types of AIV vaccines are currently under research and development. In this review, we assess the recent progress surrounding the various types of AIV vaccines, which are based on the classical and next-generation platforms. Additionally, the delivery systems for nucleic acid vaccines are discussed, since these vaccines have attracted significant attention following their significant role in the fight against COVID-19. We also provide a general introduction to the dendritic targeting strategy, which can be used to enhance the immune efficiency of AIV vaccines. This review may be beneficial for the avian influenza research community, providing ideas for the design and development of new AIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
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25
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Jakob C, Lovate GL, Desirò D, Gießler L, Smyth R, Marquet R, Lamkiewicz K, Marz M, Schwemmle M, Bolte H. Sequential disruption of SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions challenges their role in influenza A virus genome packaging. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6479-6494. [PMID: 37224537 PMCID: PMC10325904 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in the influenza A virus (IAV) replication cycle is the coordinated packaging of eight distinct genomic RNA segments (i.e. vRNAs) into a viral particle. Although this process is thought to be controlled by specific vRNA-vRNA interactions between the genome segments, few functional interactions have been validated. Recently, a large number of potentially functional vRNA-vRNA interactions have been detected in purified virions using the RNA interactome capture method SPLASH. However, their functional significance in coordinated genome packaging remains largely unclear. Here, we show by systematic mutational analysis that mutant A/SC35M (H7N7) viruses lacking several prominent SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions involving the HA segment package the eight genome segments as efficiently as the wild-type virus. We therefore propose that the vRNA-vRNA interactions identified by SPLASH in IAV particles are not necessarily critical for the genome packaging process, leaving the underlying molecular mechanism elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel L Lovate
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Desirò
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lara Gießler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Redmond P Smyth
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Faculty of Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Marquet
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin Lamkiewicz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hardin Bolte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Farahat RA, Khan SH, Rabaan AA, Al-Tawfiq JA. The resurgence of Avian influenza and human infection: A brief outlook. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 53:101122. [PMID: 37090950 PMCID: PMC10113833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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27
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Abdelwhab EM, Mettenleiter TC. Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts. Viruses 2023; 15:980. [PMID: 37112960 PMCID: PMC10145017 DOI: 10.3390/v15040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect a wide range of animals, including humans. From 1918 to 2009, there were four influenza pandemics, which caused millions of casualties. Frequent spillover of animal influenza viruses to humans with or without intermediate hosts poses a serious zoonotic and pandemic threat. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic overshadowed the high risk raised by animal influenza viruses, but highlighted the role of wildlife as a reservoir for pandemic viruses. In this review, we summarize the occurrence of animal influenza virus in humans and describe potential mixing vessel or intermediate hosts for zoonotic influenza viruses. While several animal influenza viruses possess a high zoonotic risk (e.g., avian and swine influenza viruses), others are of low to negligible zoonotic potential (e.g., equine, canine, bat and bovine influenza viruses). Transmission can occur directly from animals, particularly poultry and swine, to humans or through reassortant viruses in "mixing vessel" hosts. To date, there are less than 3000 confirmed human infections with avian-origin viruses and less than 7000 subclinical infections documented. Likewise, only a few hundreds of confirmed human cases caused by swine influenza viruses have been reported. Pigs are the historic mixing vessel host for the generation of zoonotic influenza viruses due to the expression of both avian-type and human-type receptors. Nevertheless, there are a number of hosts which carry both types of receptors and can act as a potential mixing vessel host. High vigilance is warranted to prevent the next pandemic caused by animal influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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28
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Gu M, Jiao J, Liu S, Zhao W, Ge Z, Cai K, Xu L, He D, Zhang X, Qi X, Jiang W, Zhang P, Wang X, Hu S, Liu X. Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2437-2450. [PMID: 36820898 PMCID: PMC9947902 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together with PB2, PB1, and PA proteins. As its high conservation, NP ranks one of the hot targets for design of universal diagnostic reagents and antiviral drugs for IAV. Here, we report an anti-NP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5F10 prepared from traditional lymphocyte hybridoma technique with the immunogen of a clade 2.3.4.4 H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus. The specificity of mAb 5F10 to NP protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting, and the mAb 5F10 could be used in immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry assays. Importantly, mAb 5F10 possessed broad-spectrum reactivity against H1~H11 subtypes of avian influenza viruses, including various HA clades of H5Nx subtype. In addition, mAb 5F10 also showed good affinity with H1N1 and H3N2 subtype influenza viruses of swine and human origin. Furthermore, the recognized antigenic epitope of mAb 5F10 was identified to consist of the conserved amino acid motif 81EHPSA85 in the second flexible loop region of NP protein through screening the phage display peptide library. Collectively, the mAb 5F10 which recognizes the novel universal NP linear B-cell epitope of IAV with diverse origins and subtypes will be a powerful tool for NP protein-based structural, functional, and mechanistic studies, as well as the development of detection methods and universal vaccines for IAV. KEY POINTS: • A broad-spectrum mAb against various subtypes and sources of IAV was developed • The mAb possessed good reactivity in IFA, western blot, IP, and IHC assays • The mAb targeted a novel conserved linear B-cell epitope involving 81EHPSA85 on NP protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Jiao
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Suhan Liu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Wanchen Zhao
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhichuang Ge
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Kairui Cai
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lijun Xu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Dongchang He
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xian Qi
- grid.410734.50000 0004 1761 5845Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- grid.414245.20000 0004 6063 681XChina Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032 China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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AbuBakar U, Amrani L, Kamarulzaman FA, Karsani SA, Hassandarvish P, Khairat JE. Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans. Viruses 2023; 15:833. [PMID: 37112812 PMCID: PMC10142937 DOI: 10.3390/v15040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus has a vast and antigenically varied reservoir. In wild aquatic birds, the infection is typically asymptomatic. Avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross into new species, and occasionally it can acquire the ability to transmit from human to human. A pandemic might occur if a new influenza virus acquires enough adaptive mutations to maintain transmission between people. This review highlights the key determinants AIV must achieve to initiate a human pandemic and describes how AIV mutates to establish tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding the tropism of AIV may be crucial in preventing virus transmission in humans and may help the design of vaccines, antivirals and therapeutic agents against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarqayum AbuBakar
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lina Amrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Dudin GA, Aziz IM, Alzayed RM, Ahmed A, Hussain T, Somily AM, Alsaadi MM, Almajhdi FN. Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Kinetics of Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtypes Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030702. [PMID: 36992286 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of a large foreign workforce and the annual gathering of people for pilgrimage from around the globe have significantly contributed to the emergence and diversity of respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the H3N2 subtype of influenza A virus (IAV) in clinical samples collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Based on RT-PCR, IAV was found in 88 (28.3%) of the 311 samples screened. Of the 88-IAV positive samples, 43 (48.8%) were H1N1 subtype while the remaining 45 (51.2%) were found to be of the H3N2 subtype. Complete sequencing of HA and NA genes of H3N2 revealed, twelve and nine amino acid (AA) substitutions respectively, and importantly, these variations are absent in the current vaccine strains. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the majority of H3N2 strains were grouped in the same clades as the vaccine strains. Importantly, the N-glycosylation sites at AA 135(NSS) were found to be unique to 6 strains in the investigated HA1 protein and were absent in the current vaccine strains. These data may have significant clinical implications in designing novel and population-based vaccines for IAV and underscore the need for regular monitoring of efficacy of vaccines due to emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gani Asa Dudin
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M Alzayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim M Alsaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Wasberg A, Faria IR, Bergholm J, Petric PP, Mostafa A, Pleschka S, Schwemmle M, Lundkvist Å, Ellström P, Naguib MM. Assessing compatibility and viral fitness between poultry-adapted H9N2 and wild bird-derived neuraminidases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4476. [PMID: 36934147 PMCID: PMC10024770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange of viral segments between one or more influenza virus subtypes can contribute to a shift in virulence and adaptation to new hosts. Among several influenza subtypes, H9N2 is widely circulating in poultry populations worldwide and has the ability to infect humans. Here, we studied the reassortant compatibility between chicken H9N2 with N1-N9 gene segments of wild bird origin, either with an intact or truncated stalk. Naturally occurring amino acid deletions in the NA stalk of the influenza virus can lead to increased virulence in both mallard ducks and chickens. Our findings show extended genetic compatibility between chicken H9Nx gene segments and the wild-bird NA with and without 20 amino acid stalk deletion. Replication kinetics in avian, mammalian and human cell lines revealed that parental chH9N2 and rH9N6 viruses with intact NA-stalk replicated significantly better in avian DF1 cells compared to human A549 cells. After introducing a stalk deletion, an enhanced preference for replication in mammalian and human cell lines could be observed for rH9N2Δ(H6), rH9N6Δ and rH9N9Δ compared to the parental chH9N2 virus. This highlights the potential emergence of novel viruses with variable phenotypic traits, warranting the continuous monitoring of H9N2 and co-circulating subtypes in avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishia Wasberg
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inês R Faria
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Bergholm
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud M Naguib
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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32
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Wang S, Zhuang Q, Jiang N, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhao R, Li Y, Yu X, Li J, Hou G, Yuan L, Sun F, Pan Z, Wang K. Reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for avian influenza virus. Virus Genes 2023; 59:410-416. [PMID: 36781819 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection can lead to severe economic losses in the poultry industry and causes a serious risk for humans. A rapid and simple test for suspected viral infection cases is crucial. In this study, a reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) for the rapid detection of all AIV subtypes was developed. The reaction temperature of the assays is at 39 °C and the detection process can be completed in less than 20 min. The specificity results of the assay showed that this method had no cross-reaction with other main respiratory viruses that affect birds, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The analytical sensitivity at a 95% confidence interval was 102 RNA copies per reaction. In comparison with a published assay for reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the κ value of the RT-RAA assay in 384 avian clinical samples was 0.942 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RAA assay for avian clinical sample detection was determined as 97.59% (95% CI 93.55-99.23%) and 96.79% (95% CI 93.22-98.59%), respectively. The RT-RAA assay for AIV in this study provided an effective and practicable tool for AIV molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yuan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Yanbian University, Agricultural College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Cui P, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Hou Y, Liu L, Jiang Y, Guan Y, Chen H, Kong H, Deng G. Genetic analysis and biological characterization of H10N3 influenza A viruses isolated in China from 2014 to 2021. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28476. [PMID: 36609855 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The H10 subtypes of avian influenza viruses pose a continual threat to the poultry industry and human health. The sporadic spillover of H10 subtypes viruses from poultry to humans is represented by the H10N8 human cases in 2013 and the recent H10N3 human infection in 2021. However, the genesis and characteristics of the recent reassortment H10N3 viruses have not been systemically investigated. In this study, we characterized 20 H10N3 viruses isolated in live poultry markets during routine nationwide surveillance in China from 2014 to 2021. The viruses in the recent reassortant genotype acquired their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the duck H10 viruses and H7N3 viruses, respectively, whereas the internal genes were derived from chicken H9N2 viruses as early as 2019. Receptor-binding analysis indicated that two of the tested H10N3 viruses had a higher affinity for human-type receptors than for avian-type receptors, highlighting the potential risk of avian-to-human transmission. Animal studies showed that only viruses belonging to the recent reassortant genotype were pathogenic in mice; two tested viruses transmitted via direct contact and one virus transmitted by respiratory droplets in guinea pigs, though with limited efficiency. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance of H10N3 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Liling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Yongping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China
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Singh K, Mehta D, Dumka S, Chauhan AS, Kumar S. Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020308. [PMID: 36851186 PMCID: PMC9963406 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral quasispecies are distinct but closely related mutants formed by the disparity in viral genomes due to recombination, mutations, competition, and selection pressure. Theoretical derivation for the origin of a quasispecies is owed to the error-prone replication by polymerase and mutants of RNA replicators. Here, we briefly addressed the theoretical and mathematical origin of quasispecies and their dynamics. The impact of quasispecies for major salient human pathogens is reviewed. In the current global scenario, rapid changes in geographical landscapes favor the origin and selection of mutants. It comes as no surprise that a cauldron of mutants poses a significant risk to public health, capable of causing pandemics. Mutation rates in RNA viruses are magnitudes higher than in DNA organisms, explaining their enhanced virulence and evolvability. RNA viruses cause the most devastating pandemics; for example, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family caused the great influenza pandemic (1918 flu or Spanish flu), the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) outbreak, and the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), lentiviruses of the Retroviridae family, caused worldwide devastation. Rapidly evolving RNA virus populations are a daunting challenge for the designing of effective control measures like vaccines. Developing awareness of the evolutionary dispositions of RNA viral mutant spectra and what influences their adaptation and virulence will help curtail outbreaks of past and future pathogens.
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Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Wylezich C, Wonnemann H, Sindt O, Hellmer HH, Pfaff F, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC. Investigating Environmental Matrices for Use in Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance-Surface Water, Sediments, and Avian Fecal Samples. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0266422. [PMID: 36700688 PMCID: PMC10100768 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02664-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian feces as matrices for AIV detection. Enrichment of viral particles by ultrafiltration of 10-L surface water samples using Rexeed-25-A devices was validated using a bacteriophage ϕ6 internal control system, and AIV detection was attempted using real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. While validation runs suggested an average enrichment of about 60-fold, lower values of 10 to 15 were observed for field water samples. In total 25/36 (60%) of water samples and 18/36 (50%) of corresponding sediment samples tested AIV positive. Samples were obtained from shallow water bodies in habitats with large numbers of waterfowl during an HPAIV epizootic. Although AIV RNA was detected in a substantial percentage of samples virus isolation failed. Virus loads in samples often were too low to allow further sub- and pathotyping. Similar results were obtained with environmentally deposited avian feces. Moreover, the spectrum of viruses detected by these active surveillance methods did not fully mirror an ongoing HPAIV epizootic among waterfowl as detected by passive surveillance, which, in terms of sensitivity, remains unsurpassed. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses (AIV) have a wide host range in the avian metapopulation and, occasionally, transmission to humans also occurs. Surface water plays a particularly important role in the epidemiology of AIV, as the natural virus reservoir is found in aquatic wild birds. Environmental matrices comprising surface water, sediments, and avian fecal matter deposited in the environment were examined for their usefulness in AIV surveillance. Despite virus enrichment efforts, environmental samples regularly revealed very low virus loads, which hampered further sub- and pathotyping. Passive surveillance based on oral and cloacal swabs of diseased and dead wild birds remained unsurpassed with respect to sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Ahrens
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | - Ole Sindt
- State Laboratory of Schleswig-Holstein, Neumuenster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Hellmer
- Climate Sciences, Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Timm C. Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
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Wu HDI, Lin RS, Hwang WH, Huang ML, Chen BJ, Yen TC, Chao DY. Integrating Citizen Scientist Data into the Surveillance System for Avian Influenza Virus, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:45-53. [PMID: 36573518 PMCID: PMC9796195 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.220659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing circulation and reassortment with low-pathogenicity avian influenza Gs/Gd (goose/Guangdong/1996)-like avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has caused huge economic losses and raised public health concerns over the zoonotic potential. Virologic surveillance of wild birds has been suggested as part of a global AIV surveillance system. However, underreporting and biased selection of sampling sites has rendered gaining information about the transmission and evolution of highly pathogenic AIV problematic. We explored the use of the Citizen Scientist eBird database to elucidate the dynamic distribution of wild birds in Taiwan and their potential for AIV exchange with domestic poultry. Through the 2-stage analytical framework, we associated nonignorable risk with 10 species of wild birds with >100 significant positive results. We generated a risk map, which served as the guide for highly pathogenic AIV surveillance. Our methodologic blueprint has the potential to be incorporated into the global AIV surveillance system of wild birds.
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Hu TY, Lian YB, Qian JH, Yang YL, Ata EB, Zhang RR, Shi CW, Yang GL, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, NanWang, Zeng Y, Yang WT, Wang CF. Immunogenicity of engineered probiotics expressing conserved antigens of influenza virus and FLIC flagellin against H9N2 AIVinfection in mice. Res Vet Sci 2022; 153:115-126. [PMID: 36351352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV)is easy to cause diseases in birds and humans.It causes great economic losses to the poultry farms and leads to public health problems. Using vaccines is the main approach to control the prevalence of AIV. In our previously published article, a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) expressing the NP-M2 peptide ofH9N2 AIV was generated, and its protective effect was evaluated in a chicken model. In this study, the protective effect was estimated in mice model. Humoral and cellular immune response parameters were measured using flow cytometry adding to body weight loss, survival rate, virus load, and histopathological changes in the lung. The obtained results elucidated that, the recombinant L. plantarum can promote the activation of dendritic cells (DC), proliferation of T and B cells adding to eliciting protective secretory IgA (sIgA) and humeral IgG level in mice model. Accordingly, it could be used as a patent vaccine to control the AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Bing Lian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Hao Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Lei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Emad Beshir Ata
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Dep., Vet. Res. Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - NanWang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu L. Influenza and Universal Vaccine Research in China. Viruses 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 36680158 PMCID: PMC9861666 DOI: 10.3390/v15010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and even death, posing a serious global and human health burden. Compared with other countries, China has a large population base and a large number of influenza cases and deaths. Currently, influenza vaccination remains the most cost-effective and efficient way to prevent and control influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus infection and serious complications. The antigenicity of the influenza vaccine exhibits good protective efficacy when matched to the seasonal epidemic strain. However, when influenza viruses undergo rapid and sustained antigenic drift resulting in a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the epidemic strain, the protective effect is greatly reduced. As a result, the flu vaccine must be reformulated and readministered annually, causing a significant drain on human and financial resources. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine is necessary for the complete fight against the influenza virus. By statistically analyzing cases related to influenza virus infection and death in China in recent years, this paper describes the existing marketed vaccines, vaccine distribution and vaccination in China and summarizes the candidate immunogens designed based on the structure of influenza virus, hoping to provide ideas for the design and development of new influenza vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Innovative Research on Virus Vaccine, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
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Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC. Exploring surface water as a transmission medium of avian influenza viruses - systematic infection studies in mallards. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1250-1261. [PMID: 35473641 PMCID: PMC9090351 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2065937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are an abundant anseriform migratory wild bird species worldwide and an important reservoir for the maintenance of low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV). They have also been implicated in the spread of high pathogenicity (HP) AIV after spill-over events from HPAIV-infected poultry. The spread of HPAIV within wild water bird populations may lead to viral contamination of natural habitats. The role of small shallow water bodies as a transmission medium of AIV among mallards is investigated here in three experimental settings. (i) Delayed onset but rapid progression of infection seeded by two mallards inoculated with either LP or HP AIV to each eight sentinel mallards was observed in groups with access to a small 100 L water pool. In contrast, groups with a bell drinker as the sole source of drinking water showed a rapid onset but lengthened course of infection. (ii) HPAIV infection also set off when virus was dispersed in the water pool; titres as low as 102 TCID50 L-1 (translating to 0.1 TCID50 mL-1) proved to be sufficient. (iii) Substantial loads of viral RNA (and infectivity) were also found on the surface of the birds' breast plumage. "Unloading" of virus infectivity from contaminated plumage into water bodies may be an efficient mechanism of virus spread by infected mallards. However, transposure of HPAIV via the plumage of an uninfected mallard failed. We conclude, surface water in small shallow water bodies may play an important role as a mediator of AIV infection of aquatic wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Ahrens
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Isle of Riems, Germany
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Shanks S, van Schalkwyk MCI, Cunningham AA. A call to prioritise prevention: Action is needed to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease emergence. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 23:100506. [PMID: 36124110 PMCID: PMC9482102 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Li X, Xu Q, Niu X, Zhang S, Qu X, Chu H, Chen J, Shi Q, Zhang E, Zhang G. Characterization of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies and Identification of a Novel Conserved C-Terminal Linear Epitope on the Hemagglutinin Protein of the H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112530. [PMID: 36423139 PMCID: PMC9698441 DOI: 10.3390/v14112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a serious threat to the global poultry industry and public health. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is an essential protective antigen of AIVs and a major target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Therefore, in this study, we used rice-derived HA protein as an immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and screened them using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight mAbs reacted well with the recombinant H9N2 AIV and HA protein, four of which exhibited potent inhibitory activity against hemagglutination, while three showed remarkable neutralization capacities. Western blotting confirmed that two mAbs bound to the HA protein. Linear epitopes were identified using the mAbs; a novel linear epitope, 480HKCDDQCM487, was identified. Structural analysis revealed that the novel linear epitope is located at the C-terminus of HA2 near the disulfide bond-linked HA1 and HA2. Alignment of the amino acid sequences showed that the epitope was highly conserved among multiple H9N2 AIV strains. The results of this study provide novel insights for refining vaccine and diagnostic strategies and expand our understanding of the immune response against AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiangxiang Niu
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaotian Qu
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongyan Chu
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Modern Immunity Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Modern Immunity Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: (E.Z.); (G.Z.)
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Liu T, Peng Y, Wu J, Lu S, He Y, Li X, Sun L, Song S, Zhang S, Li Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu M, Kou Z. Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in live bird markets of Shandong province from 2013 to 2019. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030545. [PMID: 36406436 PMCID: PMC9670132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) seriously affect the poultry industry and pose a great threat to humans. Timely surveillance of AIVs is the basis for preparedness of the virus. This study reported the long-term surveillance of AIVs in the live bird market (LBM) of 16 cities in Shandong province from 2013 to 2019. A total of 29,895 samples were obtained and the overall positive rate of AIVs was 9.7%. The H9 was found to be the most predominant subtype in most of the time and contributed most to the monthly positve rate of AIVs as supported by the univariate and multivariate analysis, while H5 and H7 only circulated in some short periods. Then, the whole-genome sequences of 62 representative H9N2 viruses including one human isolate from a 7-year-old boy in were determined and they were genetically similar to each other with the median pairwise sequence identities ranging from 0.96 to 0.98 for all segments. The newly sequenced viruses were most similar to viruses isolated in chickens in mainland China, especially the provinces in Eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly sequenced H9N2 viruses belonged to the same clade for all segments except PB1. Nearly all of these viruses belonged to the G57 genotype which has dominated in China since 2010. Finally, several molecular markers associated with human adaptation, mammalian virulence, and drug resistance were identified in the newly sequenced H9N2 viruses. Overall, the study deepens our understanding of the epidemic and evolution of AIVs and provides a basis for effective control of AIVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yousong Peng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Julong Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwen Lu
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxia Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Mi Liu,
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zengqiang Kou,
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Rcheulishvili N, Papukashvili D, Liu C, Ji Y, He Y, Wang PG. Promising strategy for developing mRNA-based universal influenza virus vaccine for human population, poultry, and pigs- focus on the bigger picture. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025884. [PMID: 36325349 PMCID: PMC9618703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first outbreak in the 19th century influenza virus has remained emergent owing to the huge pandemic potential. Only the pandemic of 1918 caused more deaths than any war in world history. Although two types of influenza- A (IAV) and B (IBV) cause epidemics annually, influenza A deserves more attention as its nature is much wilier. IAVs have a large animal reservoir and cause the infection manifestation not only in the human population but in poultry and domestic pigs as well. This many-sided characteristic of IAV along with the segmented genome gives rise to the antigenic drift and shift that allows evolving the new strains and new subtypes, respectively. As a result, the immune system of the body is unable to recognize them. Importantly, several highly pathogenic avian IAVs have already caused sporadic human infections with a high fatality rate (~60%). The current review discusses the promising strategy of using a potentially universal IAV mRNA vaccine based on conserved elements for humans, poultry, and pigs. This will better aid in averting the outbreaks in different susceptible species, thus, reduce the adverse impact on agriculture, and economics, and ultimately, prevent deadly pandemics in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunjiao He
- *Correspondence: Yunjiao He, ; Peng George Wang,
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Al-Khalaifah H, Alotaibi M, Al-Nasser A. The relation between avian coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:976462. [PMID: 36312988 PMCID: PMC9608149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.976462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of ribonucleic acid viruses that are present in both mammals and birds. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated in bats, and there is a possibility that this could be the case for SARS-CoV-2 as well. There is already evidence that a probable intermediary host is responsible for the emergence of viruses in humans as was the case for SARS-CoVs and MERS-CoV. As the SARS-CoV-2 originated from a live animal market, there is always the question if domestic animals are susceptible to these viruses and the possible risk of zoonotic transmission with mammals, including humans. This uncertainty of the transmission of the COVID-19 virus between humans and animals is of great significance worldwide. Hence, this paper focuses on the avian CoVs and their possible relation and interaction with SARS-CoV-2.
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Metabolic reprogramming and alteration of the redox state in hyper-productive MDCK cells for influenza a virus production. Biologicals 2022; 80:35-42. [PMID: 36114098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a global public health issue leading to widespread morbidity and mortality with devastating economic loss annually. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line has been a major cell line for influenza vaccine applications. Though many details of the host metabolic responses upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection have been documented, little is known about the metabolic reprogramming features of a hyper-productive host for IAV vaccine production. In this study, a MDCK cell clone H1 was shown to have a particular high productivity of 30 × 103 virions/cell. The glucose and amino acid metabolism of H1 were evaluated, indicating that the high producer had a particular metabolic reprogramming phenotype compared to its parental cell line (P): elevated glucose uptake, superior tricarboxylic acid cycle flux, moderate amino acid consumption, and better regulation of reactive oxygen species. Combined with the stronger mitochondrial function and mild antiviral and inflammatory responses characterized previously, our results indicated that the high producer had a sufficient intracellular energy supply, and balanced substrate distribution for IAV and host protein synthesis as well as the intracellular redox status. Understanding of these metabolic alterations paves the way for the rational cell line development and reasonable process optimization for high-yield influenza vaccine production.
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Abdelhamid AG, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Liu SL, Yousef AE. SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Foodborne Pathogens: Intriguing Commonalities and Obvious Differences. Pathogens 2022; 11:837. [PMID: 36014958 PMCID: PMC9415055 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in tremendous human and economic losses around the globe. The pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus that is closely related to SARS-CoV and other human and animal coronaviruses. Although foodborne diseases are rarely of pandemic proportions, some of the causative agents emerge in a manner remarkably similar to what was observed recently with SARS-CoV-2. For example, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome, shares evolution, pathogenesis, and immune evasion similarities with SARS-CoV-2. Both agents evolved over time in animal hosts, and during infection, they bind to specific receptors on the host cell's membrane and develop host adaptation mechanisms. Mechanisms such as point mutations and gene loss/genetic acquisition are the main driving forces for the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and STEC. Both pathogens affect multiple body organs, and the resulting diseases are not completely cured with non-vaccine therapeutics. However, SARS-CoV-2 and STEC obviously differ in the nature of the infectious agent (i.e., virus vs. bacterium), disease epidemiological details (e.g., transmission vehicle and symptoms onset time), and disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 triggered a global pandemic while STEC led to limited, but sometimes serious, disease outbreaks. The current review compares several key aspects of these two pathogenic agents, including the underlying mechanisms of emergence, the driving forces for evolution, pathogenic mechanisms, and the host immune responses. We ask what can be learned from the emergence of both infectious agents in order to alleviate future outbreaks or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Julia N. Faraone
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.N.F.); (J.P.E.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John P. Evans
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.N.F.); (J.P.E.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Ding L, Cheng Y, Guo W, Sun S, Chen X, Zhang T, Cheng H, Hao J, Lu Y, Wang X, Li Z. High Expression Level of α2-3-Linked Sialic Acids on Salivary Glycoproteins of Breastfeeding Women May Help to Protect Them from Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134285. [PMID: 35807530 PMCID: PMC9268398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal sialic acids (Sia) on soluble glycoprotein of saliva play an important role in the clearance of influenza virus. The aim of this study is to investigate the alteration of sialylation on the salivary proteins of women during the lactation period and its effect on the saliva binding ability to virus. In total, 210 saliva samples from postpartum women with and without breastfeeding were collected, and the expression level of α2-3/6-linked Sia on the whole salivary proteins and specific glycoproteins of IgA and MUC5B from different groups were tested and verified using lectin microarray, blotting analysis and ELISA based method. The H1N1 vaccine and three strains of Avian influenza virus (AIV) were used for the saliva binding assay. Results showed that the variation in salivary expression level of α2-3-linked Sia was much more obvious than the α2-6-linked Sia, which was up-regulated significantly in the breastfeeding groups compared to the non-breastfeeding groups at the same postpartum stage. Furthermore, the binding abilities of salivary glycoproteins to AIV strains and H1N1 vaccine were increased in breastfeeding groups accordingly. This finding adds new evidence for the maternal benefit of breastfeeding and provides new thinking to protect postpartum women from AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yimin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an 710068, China;
| | - Siyue Sun
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiangqin Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiayue Hao
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunhua Lu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiurong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150069, China;
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (L.D.); (S.S.); (X.C.); (T.Z.); (H.C.); (J.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Li X, Feng Y, Liu W, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liao Y, Xu C, Ren T, Ding C, Qiu X. A Role for the Chicken Interferon-Stimulated Gene CMPK2 in the Host Response Against Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874331. [PMID: 35633731 PMCID: PMC9132166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection can lead to the production of interferon, which activates the JAK/STAT pathway and induces the expression of multiple downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to achieve their antiviral function. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) gene has been identified as an ISG in human and fish, and is also known as a rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondria to maintain intracellular UTP/CTP levels, which is necessary for de novo mitochondrial DNA synthesis. By mining previous microarray data, it was found that both Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infection can lead to the significant upregulation of chicken CMPK2 gene. However, little is known about the function of CMPK2 gene in chickens. In the present study, the open reading frame (ORF) of chicken CMPK2 (chCMPK2) was cloned from DF-1, a chicken embryo fibroblasts cell line, and subjected to further analysis. Sequence analysis showed that chCMPK2 shared high similarity in amino acid with CMPK2 sequences from all the other species, especially reptiles. A thymidylate kinase (TMK) domain was identified in the C-terminus of chCMPK2, which is highly conserved among all species. In vitro, AIV infection induced significant increases in chCMPK2 expression in DF-1, HD11, and the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF), while obvious increase only detected in DF-1 cells and CEF cells after NDV infection. In vivo, the expression levels of chCMPK2 were up-regulated in several tissues from AIV infected chickens, especially the brain, spleen, bursa, kidney, intestine, heart and thymus, and notable increase of chCMPK2 was detected in the bursa, kidney, duodenum, lung, heart, and thymus during NDV infection. Here, using MDA5 and IFN-β knockdown cells, we demonstrated that as a novel ISG, chCMPK2 could be regulated by the MDA5/IFN-β pathway. The high expression level of exogenous chCMPK2 displayed inhibitory effects on AIV and NDV as well as reduced viral RNA in infected cells. We further demonstrated that Asp135, a key site on the TMK catalytic domain, was identified as critical for the antiviral activities of chCMPK2. Taken together, these data demonstrated that chCMPK2 is involved in the chicken immune system and may play important roles in host anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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49
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Noor F, Saleem MH, Javed MR, Chen JT, Ashfaq UA, Okla MK, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Alwasel YA, Al-Qahtani WH, Alshaya H, Yasin G, Aslam S. Comprehensive computational analysis reveals H5N1 influenza virus-encoded miRNAs and host-specific targets associated with antiviral immune responses and protein binding. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263901. [PMID: 35533150 PMCID: PMC9084522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
H5N1 virus (H5N1V) is highly contagious among birds and it was first detected in humans in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in Hong Kong. As the mechanism of its pathogenesis inside the host is still lacking, in this in-silico study we hypothesized that H5N1V might create miRNAs, which could target the genes associated with host cellular regulatory pathways, thus provide persistent refuge to the virus. Using bioinformatics approaches, several H5N1V produced putative miRNAs as well as the host genes targeted by these miRNAs were found. Functional enrichment analysis of targeted genes revealed their involvement in many biological pathways that facilitate their host pathogenesis. Eventually, the microarray dataset (GSE28166) was analyzed to validate the altered expression level of target genes and found the genes involved in protein binding and adaptive immune responses. This study presents novel miRNAs and their targeted genes, which upon experimental validation could facilitate in developing new therapeutics against H5N1V infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Noor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen A. Alwasel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of food sciences & nutrition, College of food & Agriculture sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alshaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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50
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Febbo J, Revels J, Ketai L. Viral Pneumonias. Radiol Clin North Am 2022; 60:383-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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