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Xia X, Shen P, Yang G, Yao M, Wu X, Lyu L, He Y, Li Z, Wang W, Yang Y, Ao X, Xia C, Chen Z, Xu X. The proliferation/migration ability mediated by CD151/PI3K/AKT pathway determines the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSCs transplantation on rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2366270. [PMID: 38864268 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2366270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which the proliferation and migration abilities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) determine their therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. METHODS The DBA/1J mice were utilized to establish a collagen-induced RA (CIA) mouse model and to validate the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSCs transfected with CD151 siRNA. RNA-seq, QT-PCR and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of the PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. RESULTS IFN-γ significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration abilities of hUC-MSCs, up-regulating the expression of CD151, a gene related to cell proliferation and migration. Effective inhibition of this effect was achieved through CD151 siRNA treatment. However, IFN-γ did not affect hUC-MSCs differentiation or changes in cell surface markers. Additionally, transplantation of CD151-interfered hUC-MSCs (siRNA-CD151-hUC-MSCs) resulted in decreased colonization in the toes of CIA mice and worse therapeutic effects compared to empty vector treatment (siRNA-NC-hUC-MSCs). CONCLUSION IFN-γ facilitates the proliferation and migration of hUC-MSCs through the CD151/PI3K/AKT pathway. The therapeutic efficacy of siRNA-CD151-hUC-MSCs was found to be inferior to that of siRNA-NC-hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of senile Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peixin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of senile Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanji He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of senile Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of senile Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of senile Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanjiang Xia
- Department of Radiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The 906th Hospital of PLA, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qin X, Zhu L, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Li J, Yan F, Wu G, Qiu J, Wang G, Qu K, Zhang K, Wu W. Universal cell membrane camouflaged nano-prodrugs with right-side-out orientation adapting for positive pathological vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7524-7544. [PMID: 38784734 PMCID: PMC11110172 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00761a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A right-side-out orientated self-assembly of cell membrane-camouflaged nanotherapeutics is crucial for ensuring their biological functionality inherited from the source cells. In this study, a universal and spontaneous right-side-out coupling-driven ROS-responsive nanotherapeutic approach, based on the intrinsic affinity between phosphatidylserine (PS) on the inner leaflet and PS-targeted peptide modified nanoparticles, has been developed to target foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Considering the increased osteopontin (OPN) secretion from foam cells in plaques, a bioengineered cell membrane (OEM) with an overexpression of integrin α9β1 is integrated with ROS-cleavable prodrugs, OEM-coated ETBNPs (OEM-ETBNPs), to enhance targeted drug delivery and on-demand drug release in the local lesion of atherosclerosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results confirm that OEM-ETBNPs are able to inhibit cellular lipid uptake and simultaneously promote intracellular lipid efflux, regulating the positive cellular phenotypic conversion. This finding offers a versatile platform for the biomedical applications of universal cell membrane camouflaging biomimetic nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing 404010 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China
| | - Xiaoshan Luo
- Guizhou Information Engineering University Bijie 551700 China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing 404010 China
| | - Fei Yan
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- JinFeng Laboratory Chongqing 401329 China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing 404010 China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Chongqing 404000 China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing 404010 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- JinFeng Laboratory Chongqing 401329 China
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Xin Y, Zhang Z, Lv S, Xu S, Liu A, Li H, Li P, Han H, Liu Y. Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1400780. [PMID: 38803664 PMCID: PMC11128571 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1400780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in understanding cardiovascular health. Significant barriers still exist in effectively preventing and managing these diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are crucial for maintaining vascular integrity and can switch between contractile and synthetic functions in response to stimuli such as hypoxia and inflammation. These transformations play a pivotal role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, facilitating vascular modifications and disease advancement. This article synthesizes the current understanding of the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating VSMC phenotypic transitions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zipei Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Aidong Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huize Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Cheng S, Xia IF, Wanner R, Abello J, Stratman AN, Nicoli S. Hemodynamics regulate spatiotemporal artery muscularization in the developing circle of Willis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.01.569622. [PMID: 38077062 PMCID: PMC10705471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) envelop vertebrate brain arteries, playing a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling. The dedifferentiation of VSMCs is implicated in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. Despite its importance, the process of VSMC differentiation on brain arteries during development remains inadequately characterized. Understanding this process could aid in reprogramming and regenerating differentiated VSMCs in cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated VSMC differentiation on the zebrafish circle of Willis (CoW), comprising major arteries that supply blood to the vertebrate brain. We observed that the arterial expression of CoW endothelial cells (ECs) occurs after their migration from the cranial venous plexus to form CoW arteries. Subsequently, acta2+ VSMCs differentiate from pdgfrb+ mural cell progenitors upon recruitment to CoW arteries. The progression of VSMC differentiation exhibits a spatiotemporal pattern, advancing from anterior to posterior CoW arteries. Analysis of blood flow suggests that earlier VSMC differentiation in anterior CoW arteries correlates with higher red blood cell velocity wall shear stress. Furthermore, pulsatile blood flow is required for differentiation of human brain pdgfrb+ mural cells into VSMCs as well as VSMC differentiation on zebrafish CoW arteries. Consistently, the flow-responsive transcription factor klf2a is activated in ECs of CoW arteries prior to VSMC differentiation, and klf2a knockdown delays VSMC differentiation on anterior CoW arteries. In summary, our findings highlight the role of blood flow activation of endothelial klf2a as a mechanism regulating the initial VSMC differentiation on vertebrate brain arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivan Fan Xia
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Renate Wanner
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Javier Abello
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber N. Stratman
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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5
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Khan K, Yu B, Tardif JC, Rhéaume E, Al-Kindi H, Filimon S, Pop C, Genest J, Cecere R, Schwertani A. Significance of the Wnt signaling pathway in coronary artery atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1360380. [PMID: 38586172 PMCID: PMC10995361 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1360380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The progression of coronary atherosclerosis is an active and regulated process. The Wnt signaling pathway is thought to play an active role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases; however, a better understanding of this system in atherosclerosis is yet to be unraveled. Methods In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to quantify the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b in the human coronary plaque, and immunohistochemistry was used to identify sites of local expression. To determine the pathologic significance of increased Wnt, human vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) were treated with Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b recombinant proteins and assessed for changes in cell differentiation and function. Results RT-PCR and Western blotting showed a significant increase in the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and their receptors in diseased coronary arteries compared with that in non-diseased coronary arteries. Immunohistochemistry revealed an abundant expression of Wnt3a and Wnt5b in diseased coronary arteries, which contrasted with little or no signals in normal coronary arteries. Immunostaining of Wnt3a and Wnt5b was found largely in inflammatory cells and myointimal cells. The treatment of vSMCs with Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b resulted in increased vSMC differentiation, migration, calcification, oxidative stress, and impaired cholesterol handling. Conclusions This study demonstrates the upregulation of three important members of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways and their receptors in coronary atherosclerosis and shows an important role for these molecules in plaque development through increased cellular remodeling and impaired cholesterol handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Khan
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eric Rhéaume
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabin Filimon
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cristina Pop
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renzo Cecere
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Fu Y, Zhang X, Wu H, Zhang P, Liu S, Guo T, Shan H, Liang Y, Chen H, Xie J, Duan Y. HOXA3 functions as the on-off switch to regulate the development of hESC-derived third pharyngeal pouch endoderm through EPHB2-mediated Wnt pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1258074. [PMID: 38259452 PMCID: PMC10800530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Normal commitment of the endoderm of the third pharyngeal pouch (3PP) is essential for the development and differentiation of the thymus. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of transcription factor HOXA3 in the development and differentiation of 3PP endoderm (3PPE) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Methods The 3PPE was differentiated from hESC-derived definitive endoderm (DE) by mimicking developmental queues with Activin A, WNT3A, retinoic acid and BMP4. The function of 3PPE was assessed by further differentiating into functional thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The effect of HOXA3 inhibition on cells of 3PPE was subsequently investigated. Results A highly efficient approach for differentiating 3PPE cells was developed and these cells expressed 3PPE related genes HOXA3, SIX1, PAX9 as well as EpCAM. 3PPE cells had a strong potential to develop into TECs which expressed both cortical TEC markers K8 and CD205, and medullary TEC markers K5 and AIRE, and also promoted the development and maturation of T cells. More importantly, transcription factor HOXA3 not only regulated the differentiation of 3PPE, but also had a crucial role for the proliferation and migration of 3PPE cells. Our further investigation revealed that HOXA3 controlled the commitment and function of 3PPE through the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by activating EPHB2. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HOXA3 functioned as the on-off switch to regulate the development of hESC-derived 3PPE through EPHB2-mediated Wnt pathway, and our findings will provide new insights into studying the development of 3PP and thymic organ in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Fu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Shan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliation Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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González-Salvatierra S, García-Fontana C, Lacal J, Andújar-Vera F, Martínez-Heredia L, Sanabria-de la Torre R, Ferrer-Millán M, Moratalla-Aranda E, Muñoz-Torres M, García-Fontana B. Cardioprotective function of sclerostin by reducing calcium deposition, proliferation, and apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:301. [PMID: 37919715 PMCID: PMC10623848 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, which regulates bone formation, and can be expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased serum and tissue expression of sclerostin. However, whether the role of sclerostin is detrimental or protective in the development of CVD is unknown. Therefore, our aims are to determine the level of sclerostin in T2D patients with/without CVD and in controls, both at serum and vascular tissue, and to analyze the role of sclerostin in VSMCs under calcified environments. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 121 controls and 139 T2D patients with/without CVD (48/91). Sclerostin levels in serum were determined by ELISA, and sclerostin expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in calcified and non-calcified artery of lower limb from T2D patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 3). In vitro experiments were performed in VSMCs (mock and sclerostin overexpression) under calcifying conditions analyzing the sclerostin function by determination of calcium and phosphate concentrations, and quantification of calcium deposits by Alizarin Red. Proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The regulation of the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS A significant increase in serum sclerostin levels in T2D patients with CVD compared to T2D patients without CVD and controls (p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, higher circulating sclerostin levels were independently associated with CVD in T2D patients. Increased sclerostin expression was observed in calcified arteries of T2D patients compared to non-calcified arteries of controls (p = 0.003). In vitro experiments using VSMCs under calcified conditions, revealed that sclerostin overexpression reduced intracellular calcium (p = 0.001), calcium deposits (p < 0.001), cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and promoted cell survival (p = 0.015). Furthermore, sclerostin overexpression exhibited up-regulation of ALPL (p = 0.009), RUNX2 (p = 0.001) and COX2 (p = 0.003) and down-regulation of inflammatory genes, such as, IL1β (p = 0.005), IL6 (p = 0.001) and IL8 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin could play a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis in T2D patients by reducing calcium deposits, decreasing proliferation and inflammation, and promoting cell survival in VSMCs under calcifying conditions. Therefore, considering the bone-vascular axis, treatment with anti-sclerostin for bone disease should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Bioinformatic Research Service, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - María Ferrer-Millán
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Enrique Moratalla-Aranda
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
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8
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Li J, Tang W, Li S, He C, Dai Y, Feng S, Zeng C, Yang T, Meng Q, Meng J, Pan Y, Deji S, Zhang J, Xie L, Guo B, Lin H, Zhao X. Ambient PM2.5 and its components associated with 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115371. [PMID: 37643506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) may increase the risk of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. While PM2.5 is comprised of various components, the evidence on the correlation of its components with 10-year ASCVD risk and which component contributes most remains limited. METHODS Data were derived from the baseline assessments of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC). In total, 69,722 individuals aged 35-74 years were included into this study. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, organic matter, soil particles, and sea salt) were estimated by satellite remote sensing and chemical transport models. The ASCVD risk of individuals was calculated by the equations from the China-PAR Project (prediction for ASCVD risk in China). The relationship between single exposure to PM2.5 and its components and predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was assessed using the logistic regression model. The effect of joint exposure was estimated, and the most significant contributor was identified using the weighted quantile sum approach. RESULTS Totally 69,722 participants were included, of which 95.8 % and 4.2 % had low and high 10-year ASCVD risk, respectively. Per standard deviation increases in the 3-year average concentration of PM2.5 mass (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.35), black carbon (1.21, 1.11-1.33), ammonium (1.21, 1.10-1.32), nitrate (1.25, 1.14-1.38), organic matter (1.29, 1.18-1.42), sulfate (1.17, 1.07-1.28), and soil particles (1.15, 1.04-1.26) were related to high 10-year ASCVD risk. The overall effect (1.19, 1.11-1.28) of the PM2.5 components was positively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk, and organic matter had the most contribution to this relationship. Female participants were more significantly impacted by PM2.5, black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and soil particles compared to others. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass, black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and soil particles were positively associated with high 10-year ASCVD risk, while sea salt exhibited a protective effect. Moreover, the organic matter might take primary responsibility for the relationship between PM2.5 and 10-year ASCVD risk. Females were more susceptible to the adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Congyuan He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yucen Dai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 850000, China
| | - Jiantong Meng
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | | | - Suolang Deji
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention CN, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Juying Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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9
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Bi CX, Jin KQ, Yan J, Qin Y, Hong F, Huang WH, Liu YL. Nanofiber-based Stretchable Electrodes for Oriented Culture and Mechanotransduction Monitoring of Smooth Muscle Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3248-3256. [PMID: 37581426 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are circumferentially oriented perpendicular to the blood vessel and maintain the contractile phenotype in physiological conditions. They can sense the mechanical forces of blood vessels expanding and contracting and convert them into biochemical signals to regulate vascular homeostasis. However, the real-time monitoring of mechanically evoked biochemical response while maintaining SMC oriented growth remains an important challenge. Herein, we developed a stretchable electrochemical sensor by electrospinning aligned and elastic polyurethane (PU) nanofibers on the surface of PDMS film and further modification of conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS-LiTFSI-CoPc (PPLC) on the nanofibers (denoted as PPLC/PU/PDMS). The aligned nanofibers on the electrode surface could guide the oriented growth of SMCs and maintain the contractile phenotype, and the modification of PPLC endowed the electrode with good electrochemical sensing performance and stability under mechanical deformation. By culturing cells on the electrode surface, the oriented growth of SMCs and real-time monitoring of stretch-induced H2O2 release were achieved. On this basis, the changes of H2O2 level released by SMCs under the pathology (hypertension) and intervention of natural product resveratrol were quantitatively monitored, which will be helpful to further understand the occurrence and development of vascular-related diseases and the mechanisms of pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Bi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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10
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Puertas-Umbert L, Almendra-Pegueros R, Jiménez-Altayó F, Sirvent M, Galán M, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Novel pharmacological approaches in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1167-1194. [PMID: 37559446 PMCID: PMC10415166 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe vascular disease and a major public health issue with an unmet medical need for therapy. This disease is featured by a progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, boosted by atherosclerosis, ageing, and smoking as major risk factors. Aneurysm growth increases the risk of aortic rupture, a life-threatening emergency with high mortality rates. Despite the increasing progress in our knowledge about the etiopathology of AAA, an effective pharmacological treatment against this disorder remains elusive and surgical repair is still the unique available therapeutic approach for high-risk patients. Meanwhile, there is no medical alternative for patients with small aneurysms but close surveillance. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, statins, doxycycline, or anti-platelet drugs, among others, failed to demonstrate a clear benefit limiting AAA growth, while data from ongoing clinical trials addressing the benefit of metformin on aneurysm progression are eagerly awaited. Recent preclinical studies have postulated new therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies paving the way for the implementation of future clinical studies exploring these novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarises some of the most relevant clinical and preclinical studies in search of new therapeutic approaches for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Sirvent
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular del Hospital Universitari General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Di X, Gao X, Peng L, Ai J, Jin X, Qi S, Li H, Wang K, Luo D. Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:282. [PMID: 37518181 PMCID: PMC10387486 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and metabolism. Typical mechanical cues in organisms include hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear stress, tensile force, extracellular matrix stiffness or tissue elasticity, and extracellular fluid viscosity. Mechanotransduction has been expected to trigger multiple biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration. However, prolonged excessive mechanical stimulation can result in pathological processes, such as multi-organ fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and cancer immunotherapy resistance. Although the associations between mechanical cues and normal tissue homeostasis or diseases have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms among different mechanical cues are not yet comprehensively illustrated, and no effective therapies are currently available targeting mechanical cue-related signaling. This review systematically summarizes the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of typical mechanical cues in normal conditions and diseases with the updated evidence. The key effectors responding to mechanical stimulations are listed, such as Piezo channels, integrins, Yes-associated protein (YAP) /transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). We also reviewed the key signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and cutting-edge clinical applications of diseases related to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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12
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Bao H, Li B, You Q, Dun X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Li D, Cui L. Exposure to real-ambient particulate matter induced vascular hypertrophy through activation of PDGFRβ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:130985. [PMID: 36801716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular toxicity induced by particulate matter (PM) exposure exacerbates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases; however, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) acts as a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and is therefore essential for normal vasoformation. However, the potential effects of PDGFRβ on VSMCs in PM-induced vascular toxicity have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To reveal the potential roles of PDGFRβ signalling in vascular toxicity, individually ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system mouse models and PDGFRβ overexpression mouse models were established in vivo, along with in vitro VSMCs models. RESULTS Vascular hypertrophy was observed following PM-induced PDGFRβ activation in C57/B6 mice, and the regulation of hypertrophy-related genes led to vascular wall thickening. Enhanced PDGFRβ expression in VSMCs aggravated PM-induced smooth muscle hypertrophy, which was attenuated by inhibiting the PDGFRβ and janus kinase 2 /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways. CONCLUSION Our study identified the PDGFRβ gene as a potential biomarker of PM-induced vascular toxicity. PDGFRβ induced hypertrophic effects through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which may be a biological target for the vascular toxic effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Bao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing You
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Dun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Pascual F, Icyuz M, Karmaus P, Brooks A, Van Gorder E, Fessler MB, Shaw ND. Cholesterol biosynthesis modulates differentiation in murine cranial neural crest cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7073. [PMID: 37127649 PMCID: PMC10151342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (cNCC) are a multipotent embryonic cell population that give rise to a diverse set of cell types. These cells are particularly vulnerable to external metabolic stressors, as exemplified by the association between maternal hyperglycemia and congenital malformations. We were interested in studying the effect of various concentrations of glucose and pyruvate on cNCC metabolism, migration, and differentiation using an established murine neural crest cell model (O9-1). We unexpectedly observed a pattern of gene expression suggestive of cholesterol biosynthesis induction under glucose depletion conditions in O9-1 cells. We further showed that treatment with two different cholesterol synthesis inhibitors interfered with cell migration and differentiation, inhibiting chondrogenesis while enhancing smooth muscle cell differentiation. As congenital arhinia (absent external nose), a malformation caused by mutations in SMCHD1, appears to represent, in part, a defect in cNCC, we were also interested in investigating the effects of glucose and cholesterol availability on Smchd1 expression in O9-1 cells. Smchd1 expression was induced under high glucose conditions whereas cholesterol synthesis inhibitors decreased Smchd1 expression during chondrogenesis. These data highlight a novel role for cholesterol biosynthesis in cNCC physiology and demonstrate that human phenotypic variability in SMCHD1 mutation carriers may be related, in part, to SMCHD1's sensitivity to glucose or cholesterol dosage during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Pascual
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mert Icyuz
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Peer Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Van Gorder
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Natalie D Shaw
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD D3-02, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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14
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Dong CX, Malecki C, Robertson E, Hambly B, Jeremy R. Molecular Mechanisms in Genetic Aortopathy-Signaling Pathways and Potential Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021795. [PMID: 36675309 PMCID: PMC9865322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic disease affects people of all ages and the majority of those aged <60 years have an underlying genetic cause. There is presently no effective medical therapy for thoracic aneurysm and surgery remains the principal intervention. Unlike abdominal aortic aneurysm, for which the inflammatory/atherosclerotic pathogenesis is well established, the mechanism of thoracic aneurysm is less understood. This paper examines the key cell signaling systems responsible for the growth and development of the aorta, homeostasis of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and interactions between pathways. The evidence supporting a role for individual signaling pathways in pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm is examined and potential novel therapeutic approaches are reviewed. Several key signaling pathways, notably TGF-β, WNT, NOTCH, PI3K/AKT and ANGII contribute to growth, proliferation, cell phenotype and survival for both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. There is crosstalk between pathways, and between vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, with both synergistic and antagonistic interactions. A common feature of the activation of each is response to injury or abnormal cell stress. Considerable experimental evidence supports a contribution of each of these pathways to aneurysm formation. Although human information is less, there is sufficient data to implicate each pathway in the pathogenesis of human thoracic aneurysm. As some pathways i.e., WNT and NOTCH, play key roles in tissue growth and organogenesis in early life, it is possible that dysregulation of these pathways results in an abnormal aortic architecture even in infancy, thereby setting the stage for aneurysm development in later life. Given the fine tuning of these signaling systems, functional polymorphisms in key signaling elements may set up a future risk of thoracic aneurysm. Multiple novel therapeutic agents have been developed, targeting cell signaling pathways, predominantly in cancer medicine. Future investigations addressing cell specific targeting, reduced toxicity and also less intense treatment effects may hold promise for effective new medical treatments of thoracic aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Xue Dong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cassandra Malecki
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Baird Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Robertson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brett Hambly
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richmond Jeremy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Baird Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2042, Australia
- Correspondence:
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15
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Di X, Jin X, Ai J, Xiang L, Gao X, Xiao K, Li H, Luo D, Wang K. YAP/Smad3 promotes pathological extracellular matrix microenviroment-induced bladder smooth muscle proliferation in bladder fibrosis progression. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e169. [PMID: 36176734 PMCID: PMC9477793 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic inflammation process with excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that cannot be reversed. Patients suffer from bladder dysfunction caused by bladder fibrosis. Moreover, the interactive mechanisms between ECM and bladder fibrosis are still obscure. Hence, we assessed the pivotal effect of Yes-associated protein (YAP) on the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle in fibrosis process. We identified that stiff ECM increased the expression and translocation of YAP in the nucleus of human bladder smooth muscle cell (hBdSMC). Sequencings and proteomics revealed that YAP bound to Smad3 and promoted the proliferation of hBdSMC via MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in stiff ECM. Moreover, CUT and TAG sequencing and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that Smad3 inhibited the transcription of JUN. The YAP inhibitor CA3 was used in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) rat model. The results showed that CA3 attenuated bladder smooth muscle proliferation. Collectively, YAP binding with Smad3 in the nucleus inhibited the transcription of JUN, and promoted the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The current study identified a novel mechanism of mechanical force induced bladder fibrosis that provided insights in YAP-associated organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Peng Di
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jian‐Zhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li‐Yuan Xiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiao‐Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kai‐Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - De‐Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kun‐Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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17
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Volpini X, Natali L, Brugo MB, de la Cruz-Thea B, Baigorri RE, Cerbán FM, Fozzatti L, Motran CC, Musri MM. Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Promotes Vascular Remodeling and Coexpression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin and Macrophage Markers in Cells of the Aorta. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2271-2290. [PMID: 36083791 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an emerging global health problem; however, it remains neglected. Increased aortic stiffness (IAS), a predictor of cardiovascular events, has recently been reported in asymptomatic chronic Chagas patients. After vascular injury, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can undergo alterations associated with phenotypic switch and transdifferentiation, promoting vascular remodeling and IAS. By studying different mouse aortic segments, we tested the hypothesis that Trypanosoma cruzi infection promotes vascular remodeling. Interestingly, the thoracic aorta was the most affected by the infection. Decreased expression of SMC markers and increased expression of proliferative markers were observed in the arteries of acutely infected mice. In acutely and chronically infected mice, we observed cells coexpressing SMC and macrophage (Mo) markers in the media and adventitia layers of the aorta, indicating that T. cruzi might induce cellular processes associated with SMC transdifferentiation into Mo-like cells or vice versa. In the adventitia, the Mo cell functional polarization was associated with an M2-like CD206+arginase-1+ phenotype despite the T. cruzi presence in the tissue. Only Mo-like cells in inflammatory foci were CD206+iNOS+. In addition to the disorganization of elastic fibers, we found thickening of the aortic layers during the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Our findings indicate that T. cruzi infection induces a vascular remodeling with SMC dedifferentiation and increased cell populations coexpressing α-SMA and Mo markers that could be associated with IAS promotion. These data highlight the importance of studying large vessel homeostasis in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Volpini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Friuli 2434. Colinas de Velez Sarfield, Córdoba, PC X5016NST, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Natali
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Friuli 2434. Colinas de Velez Sarfield, Córdoba, PC X5016NST, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Maria Belén Brugo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Benjamin de la Cruz-Thea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Friuli 2434. Colinas de Velez Sarfield, Córdoba, PC X5016NST, Argentina
| | - Ruth Eliana Baigorri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Fabio Marcelo Cerbán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motran
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCQ-UNC). Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, PC X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Melina Mara Musri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Friuli 2434. Colinas de Velez Sarfield, Córdoba, PC X5016NST, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (FCEFyN-UNC). Av. Velez Sarfield 299, Centro, Córdoba, PC X5000JJC, Argentina
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18
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Vallée A. Arterial Stiffness and the Canonical WNT/β-catenin Pathway. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:499-507. [PMID: 35727523 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arterial stiffness (AS) was mainly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a hypertensive patient. Some risk factors contribute to the development of AS, such as aging, high blood pressure, vascular calcification, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is implicated in numerous signaling and regulating pathways, including embryogenesis, cell proliferation, migration and polarity, apoptosis, and organogenesis. The activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with the development of these risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is measured to determine AS, and in peripheral artery disease patients, PWV is higher than controls. An augmentation in PWV by 1 m/s has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events by 14%. AS measured by PWV is characterized by the deregulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway by the inactivation of its two inhibitors, i.e., DKK1 and sclerostin. Thus, this review focuses on the role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway which contributes to the development of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology - Data - Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150, Suresnes, France.
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19
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Tripathi M, Singh BK, Liehn EA, Lim SY, Tikno K, Castano-Mayan D, Rattanasopa C, Nilcham P, Abdul Ghani SAB, Wu Z, Azhar SH, Zhou J, Hernández-Resèndiz S, Crespo-Avilan GE, Sinha RA, Farah BL, Moe KT, De Silva DA, Angeli V, Singh MK, Singaraja RR, Hausenloy DJ, Yen PM. Caffeine prevents restenosis and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the induction of autophagy. Autophagy 2022; 18:2150-2160. [PMID: 35012409 PMCID: PMC9466618 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2021494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is among the most highly consumed substances worldwide, and it has been associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Although caffeine has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that caffeine decreased VSMC proliferation and induced macroautophagy/autophagy in an in vivo vascular injury model of restenosis. Furthermore, we studied the effects of caffeine in primary human and mouse aortic VSMCs and immortalized mouse aortic VSMCs. Caffeine decreased cell proliferation, and induced autophagy flux via inhibition of MTOR signaling in these cells. Genetic deletion of the key autophagy gene Atg5, and the Sqstm1/p62 gene encoding a receptor protein, showed that the anti-proliferative effect by caffeine was dependent upon autophagy. Interestingly, caffeine also decreased WNT-signaling and the expression of two WNT target genes, Axin2 and Ccnd1 (cyclin D1). This effect was mediated by autophagic degradation of a key member of the WNT signaling cascade, DVL2, by caffeine to decrease WNT signaling and cell proliferation. SQSTM1/p62, MAP1LC3B-II and DVL2 were also shown to interact with each other, and the overexpression of DVL2 counteracted the inhibition of cell proliferation by caffeine. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated that caffeine reduced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting WNT signaling via stimulation of autophagy, thus reducing the vascular restenosis. Our findings suggest that caffeine and other autophagy-inducing drugs may represent novel cardiovascular therapeutic tools to protect against restenosis after angioplasty and/or stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Tripathi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,Contact Madhulika Tripathi Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore169857
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore-,Insitute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 25, 5230, Odense, Denmark,Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sheau Yng Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore- 117456
| | - Keziah Tikno
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - David Castano-Mayan
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*star Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chutima Rattanasopa
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*star Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakhwan Nilcham
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Zihao Wu
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*star Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syaza Hazwany Azhar
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore- 117456
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Sauri Hernández-Resèndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore-
| | - Gustavo E. Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore-
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Benjamin Livingston Farah
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyaw Thu Moe
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Newcastle University, 79200 Gelang Patah, Johor,Malaysia
| | - Deidre Anne De Silva
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Singapore- 117456
| | - Manvendra K. Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore-
| | - Roshni R. Singaraja
- Translational Laboratories in Genetic Medicine, A*star Institute, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University, Singapore-117597
| | - Derek J. Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore-,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 7 Chenies Mews, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, 500 Liufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung City, Taiwan,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul Michael Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore,Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Division, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Paul M. Yen Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
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20
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Ju S, Lim L, Ki YJ, Choi DH, Song H. Oxidative stress generated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient particulate matter enhance vascular smooth muscle cell migration through MMP upregulation and actin reorganization. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35449013 PMCID: PMC9026692 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) are strongly associated with the incidence of atherosclerosis, however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis by PM exposure and the components that are mainly responsible for this adverse effect remain to be established. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of ambient PM on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behavior. Furthermore, the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), major components of PM, on VSMC migration and the underlying mechanisms were examined. Results VSMC migration was significantly increased by treatment with organic matters extracted from ambient PM. The total amount of PAHs contained in WPM was higher than that in SPM, leading to higher ROS generation and VSMC migration. The increased migration was successfully inhibited by treatment with the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 were significantly increased in ambient PM-treated VSMCs, with MMP9 levels being significantly higher in WPM-treated VSMCs than in those treated with SPM. As expected, migration was significantly increased in all tested PAHs (anthracene, ANT; benz(a)anthracene, BaA) and their oxygenated derivatives (9,10-Anthraquinone, AQ; 7,12-benz(a)anthraquinone, BAQ, respectively). The phosphorylated levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and formation of the focal adhesion complex were significantly increased in ambient PM or PAH-treated VSMCs, and these effects were blocked by administration of NAC or α-NF, an inhibitor of AhR, the receptor that allows PAH uptake. Subsequently, the levels of phosphorylated Src and NRF, the downstream targets of FAK, were altered with a pattern similar to that of p-FAK. Conclusions PAHs, including oxy-PAHs, in ambient PM may have dual effects that lead to an increase in VSMC migration. One is the generation of oxidative stress followed by MMP upregulation, and the other is actin reorganization that results from the activation of the focal adhesion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Leejin Lim
- Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
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21
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Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Ho-Plagaro A, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Oliva-Olivera W, Martin-Reyes F, Mela V, Bautista R, Tome M, Gómez-Maldonado J, Tinahones FJ, Garcia-Fuentes E, Garrido-Sánchez L. EVOO Promotes a Less Atherogenic Profile Than Sunflower Oil in Smooth Muscle Cells Through the Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Endothelial Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867745. [PMID: 35495944 PMCID: PMC9039400 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the effect of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and sunflower oil (SO) on the composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by endothelial cells and the effects of these EVs on smooth muscle cells (SMCs). These cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Methods We evaluated the effects of endothelial cells-derived EVs incubated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins obtained after a high-fat meal with EVOO (EVOO-EVs) and SO (SO-EVs), on the transcriptomic profile of SMCs. Results We found 41 upregulated and 19 downregulated differentially expressed (DE)-miRNAs in EVOO-EVs. Afterwards, SMCs were incubated with EVOO-EVs and SO-EVs. SMCs incubated with SO-EVs showed a greater number of DE-mRNA involved in pathways related to cancer, focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK, toll-like receptor, chemokine and Wnt signaling pathways than in SMCs incubated with EVOO-EVs. These DE-mRNAs were involved in biological processes related to the response to endogenous stimulus, cell motility, regulation of intracellular signal transduction and cell population proliferation. Conclusion EVOO and SO can differently modify the miRNA composition of HUVEC-derived EVs. These EVs can regulate the SMCs transcriptomic profile, with SO-EVs promoting a profile more closely linked to the development of atherosclerosis than EVOO-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martin-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Virginia Mela
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática-Supercomputing and Bioinnovation Center, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mónicas Tome
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josefa Gómez-Maldonado
- Unidad de Genómica y Ultrasecuenciación-Supercomputing and Bioinnovation Center, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
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22
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Takashi Y, Kawanami D. The Role of Bone-Derived Hormones in Glucose Metabolism, Diabetic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042376. [PMID: 35216490 PMCID: PMC8879859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone contributes to supporting the body, protecting the central nervous system and other organs, hematopoiesis, the regulation of mineral metabolism (mainly calcium and phosphate), and assists in respiration. Bone has many functions in the body. Recently, it was revealed that bone also works as an endocrine organ and secretes several systemic humoral factors, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, and lipocalin 2. Bone can communicate with other organs via these hormones. In particular, it has been reported that these bone-derived hormones are involved in glucose metabolism and diabetic complications. Some functions of these bone-derived hormones can become useful biomarkers that predict the incidence of diabetes and the progression of diabetic complications. Furthermore, other functions are considered to be targets for the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. As is well known, diabetes is now a worldwide health problem, and many efforts have been made to treat diabetes. Thus, further investigations of the endocrine system through bone-derived hormones may provide us with new perspectives on the prediction, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. In this review, we summarize the role of bone-derived hormones in glucose metabolism, diabetic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders.
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MiR-24-3p Conservatively Regulates Muscle Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting Common Gene CAMK2B in Rat and Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040505. [PMID: 35203213 PMCID: PMC8868287 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in the growth and development of meat animals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in the regulation of muscle development-related functions; however, there have been few reports on whether there are related miRNAs that conservatively regulate muscle development among different species. In this study, the miRNA transcriptome sequencing data of the muscle tissue of cattle, rat, goat, and pig showed that miR-24-3p may conservatively regulate muscle development in these species. Furthermore, mmu-miR-24-3p can positively regulate C2C12 cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating key proliferation and apoptosis genes in muscle development, which was verified by CCK-8 and RT-qPCR. Bta-miR-24-3p can also positively regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine muscle primary cells by regulating key proliferation and apoptosis genes in the process of muscle development, as verified by CCK-8 and RT-qPCR. The target genes of miR-24-3p in cattle, rat, goat, and pig, which include a large proportion of target genes shared among the four species, are enriched in multiple cell functions and signal pathways that are closely related to muscle development, as revealed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. A double luciferase test showed that the shared target genes WNT4, CAMK2B, and TCF7 were targeted by mmu-miR-24-3p in rat and bta-miR-24-3p in cattle. These three shared target genes WNT4, CAMK2B, and TCF7 are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, which showed that miR-24-3p plays an important role in rat and cattle. The shared target gene (CAMK2B) in rat and cattle increased significantly after the inhibition of miR-24-3p by RT-qPCR. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the role of miR-24-3p in the regulation of muscle development.
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24
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Icariside II attenuates vascular remodeling via Wnt7b/CCND1 axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:48-55. [PMID: 35170494 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Angioplasty often fails due to the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Success rates of angioplasty may increase following the administration of an agent that effectively ameliorates aberrant vascular remodeling. Icariside II(ICS-II) is a natural flavonol glycoside extract from the Chinese herbal medicine Epimedii that possesses several medicinal qualities that are beneficial in humans. Nevertheless, the role of ICS-II in addressing aberrant vascular remodeling have yet to be clarified. The current investigation studies the molecular effects of ICS-II on balloon-inflicted neointimal hyperplasia in rats in vivo and on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced vascular proliferation in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. ICS-II was found to be as effective as rapamycin, the positive control used in this study. ICS-II inhibited neointimal formation in injured rat carotid arteries and notably reduced the expression of Wnt7b. ICS-II significantly counteracted PDGF-induced VSMCs proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed that ICS-II triggered cell cycle arrest during the G1/S transition. Western blot analysis further indicated that this cell cycle arrest was likely through Wnt7b suppression that led to CCND1 inhibition. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that ICS-II possesses significant anti-proliferative qualities that counteracts aberrant vascular neointimal hyperplasia. This phenomenon most likely occurs due to suppression of the Wnt7b/CCND1 axis.
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An W, Luong LA, Bowden NP, Yang M, Wu W, Zhou X, Liu C, Niu K, Luo J, Zhang C, Sun X, Poston R, Zhang L, Evans PC, Xiao Q. Cezanne is a critical regulator of pathological arterial remodelling by targeting β-catenin signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:638-653. [PMID: 33599243 PMCID: PMC8803089 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pathological arterial remodelling including neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause for occluding arterial diseases. Cezanne is a novel deubiquitinating enzyme, functioning as a NF-кB negative regulator, and plays a key role in renal inflammatory response and kidney injury induced by ischaemia. Here we attempted to examine its pathological role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) pathology and arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Cezanne expression levels were consistently induced by various atherogenic stimuli in VSMCs, and in remodelled arteries upon injury. Functionally, VSMCs over-expressing wild-type Cezanne, but not the mutated catalytically-inactive Cezanne (C209S), had an increased proliferative ability and mobility, while the opposite was observed in VSMCs with Cezanne knockdown. Surprisingly, we observed no significant effects of Cezanne on VSMC apoptosis, NF-κB signalling, or inflammation. RNA-sequencing and biochemical studies showed that Cezanne drives VSMC proliferation by regulating CCN family member 1 (CCN1) by targeting β-catenin for deubiquitination. Importantly, local correction of Cezanne expression in the injured arteries greatly decreased VSMC proliferation, and prevented arterial inward remodelling. Interestingly, global Cezanne gene deletion in mice led to smaller atherosclerotic plaques, but with a lower level of plaque stability. Translating, we observed a similar role for Cezanne in human VSMCs, and higher expression levels of Cezanne in human atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION Cezanne is a key regulator of VSMC proliferation and migration in pathological arterial remodelling. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting Cezanne signalling and VSMC pathology in vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/genetics
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neointima
- Ubiquitination
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Le A Luong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Neil P Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Luo
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Robin Poston
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Panteli AE, Theofilis P, Vordoni A, Vlachopanos G, Koukoulaki M, Kalaitzidis RG. Narrative review of recent studies on the role of vitamin D in the prevention of cardiac and renal risk and additional considerations for COVID-19 vulnerability. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:168-177. [PMID: 34802405 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666211119142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular (CV) and the renal system has received increasing attention. Low vitamin D levels are associated with the incidence of hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and chronic congestive heart failure. Low vitamin D levels also influence renal disease progression and albuminuria deterioration. Moreover, recent research indicates that vitamin D deficiency can be a potential risk factor for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and poorer outcomes. Data are inconclusive as to whether supplementation with vitamin D agents reduces CV disease risk or COVID-19 severity. Conversely, in patients with kidney disease, vitamin D supplementation is associated with improved kidney function and albuminuria. This narrative review considers recent data on the effects of vitamin D on the CV and renal system, as well as its possible role regarding COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, Nikaia 18454. Greece
| | - Aikaterini Vordoni
- Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, Nikaia 18454. Greece
| | - Georgios Vlachopanos
- Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, Nikaia 18454. Greece
| | - Maria Koukoulaki
- Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, Nikaia 18454. Greece
| | - Rigas G Kalaitzidis
- Center for Nephrology "G. Papadakis", General Hospital of Nikaia - Piraeus "Agios Panteleimon", Piraeus, Nikaia 18454. Greece
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27
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Zhou D, Feng H, Yang Y, Huang T, Qiu P, Zhang C, Olsen T, Zhang J, Chen YE, Mizrak D, Yang B. hiPSC Modeling of Lineage-Specific Smooth Muscle Cell Defects Caused by TGFBR1A230T Variant, and its Therapeutic Implications for Loeys-Dietz Syndrome. Circulation 2021; 144:1145-1159. [PMID: 34346740 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is an inherited disorder predisposing individuals to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). Currently, there are no medical treatments except surgical resection. Although the genetic basis of LDS is well-understood, molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain elusive impeding the development of a therapeutic strategy. In addition, aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) have heterogenous embryonic origins depending on their spatial location, and lineage-specific effects of pathogenic variants on SMC function, likely causing regionally constrained LDS manifestations, have been unexplored. Methods: We identified an LDS family with a dominant pathogenic variant in TGFBR1 gene (TGFBR1A230T) causing aortic root aneurysm and dissection. To accurately model the molecular defects caused by this mutation, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from subject with normal aorta to generate hiPSC carrying TGFBR1A230T, and corrected the mutation in patient-derived hiPSC using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Following their lineage-specific SMC differentiation through cardiovascular progenitor cell (CPC) and neural crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages, we employed conventional molecular techniques and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the molecular defects. The resulting data led to subsequent molecular and functional rescue experiments employing Activin A and rapamycin. Results: Our results indicate the TGFBR1A230T mutation impairs contractile transcript and protein levels, and function in CPC-SMC, but not in NCSC-SMC. ScRNA-seq results implicate defective differentiation even in TGFBR1A230T/+ CPC-SMC including disruption of SMC contraction, and extracellular matrix formation. Comparison of patient-derived and mutation-corrected cells supported the contractile phenotype observed in the mutant CPC-SMC. TGFBR1A230T selectively disrupted SMAD3 and AKT activation in CPC-SMC, and led to increased cell proliferation. Consistently, scRNA-seq revealed molecular similarities between a loss-of-function SMAD3 mutation (SMAD3c.652delA/+) and TGFBR1A230T/+. Lastly, combination treatment with Activin A and rapamycin during or after SMC differentiation significantly improved the mutant CPC-SMC contractile gene expression, and function; and rescued the mechanical properties of mutant CPC-SMC tissue constructs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a pathogenic TGFBR1 variant causes lineage-specific SMC defects informing the etiology of LDS-associated aortic root aneurysm. As a potential pharmacological strategy, our results highlight a combination treatment with Activin A and rapamycin that can rescue the SMC defects caused by the variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Timothy Olsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dogukan Mizrak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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28
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Zhao X, Huang J, Mo Z, Wei J, Zhong C, Teng H. Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem Improves Intimal Hyperplasia after Vascular Injury by Downregulating the Wnt3 α/Dvl-1/ β-Catenin Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6682525. [PMID: 34337044 PMCID: PMC8292040 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the mechanism of Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem (AAS) in improving intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rats. Rats with femoral artery injury were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, AAS low-dose group (40 mg/kg), and AAS high-dose group (80 mg/kg). The sham operation group was used as a control group. HE staining was used to observe the changes in femoral artery vessels. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin proteins in femoral artery tissue. The CCK-8 test and wound healing assay were employed to analyze the effect of AAS on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in vitro. Western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to evaluate the molecular mechanism. AAS reduced the stenosis of blood vessels and the protein expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, GSK-3β, and β-catenin compared to the model group. In addition, AAS (0-15 μg/mL) effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Moreover, the results of WB and PCR showed that AAS could inhibit the activation of β-catenin induced by 15% FBS and significantly decrease the expression levels of Wnt3α, Dvl-1, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in the upstream and downstream of the pathway. AAS could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of neointima after vascular injury in rats by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Zhao
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Department of Academic Affairs, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zhenyu Mo
- Department of Academic Affairs, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jiangcun Wei
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Chuanmei Zhong
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Hongli Teng
- Department of Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
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29
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González-Loyola A, Bovay E, Kim J, Lozano TW, Sabine A, Renevey F, Arroz-Madeira S, Rapin A, Wypych TP, Rota G, Durot S, Velin D, Marsland B, Guarda G, Delorenzi M, Zamboni N, Luther SA, Petrova TV. FOXC2 controls adult lymphatic endothelial specialization, function, and gut lymphatic barrier preventing multiorgan failure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf4335. [PMID: 34272244 PMCID: PMC8284898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms maintaining adult lymphatic vascular specialization throughout life and their role in coordinating inter-organ communication to sustain homeostasis remain elusive. We report that inactivation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor Foxc2 in adult lymphatic endothelium leads to a stepwise intestine-to-lung systemic failure. Foxc2 loss compromised the gut epithelial barrier, promoted dysbiosis and bacterial translocation to peripheral lymph nodes, and increased circulating levels of purine metabolites and angiopoietin-2. Commensal microbiota depletion dampened systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, corrected intestinal lymphatic dysfunction, and improved survival. Foxc2 loss skewed the specialization of lymphatic endothelial subsets, leading to populations with mixed, pro-fibrotic identities and to emergence of lymph node-like endothelial cells. Our study uncovers a cross-talk between lymphatic vascular function and commensal microbiota, provides single-cell atlas of lymphatic endothelial subtypes, and reveals organ-specific and systemic effects of dysfunctional lymphatics. These effects potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, or lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra González-Loyola
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bovay
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss Lozano
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Sabine
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Francois Renevey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Arroz-Madeira
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Rapin
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz P Wypych
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Giorgia Rota
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Durot
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology ETH, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Greta Guarda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology ETH, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
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Zhang Y, Wu H, He R, Ye C, Chen H, Wang J, Li Z. Dickkopf-2 knockdown protects against classic macrophage polarization and lipid loading by activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Cardiol 2021; 78:328-333. [PMID: 34030936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in regulation of macrophage activation implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin, the potential role of Dickkopf-2 (Dkk2) on macrophage activation remains unexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) collected from ApoE knockout mice upon oxidation low lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) administration were performed to test the expression of Dkk2. The loss-of-function strategy using siRNA-Dkk2 was further utilized for the function of Dkk2. Inhibition of β-catenin with XAV939 (a β-catenin specific inhibitor) was further used for testing its effect on macrophage activation mediated by Dkk2 knockdown. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the current study, real time-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that an up-regulated Dkk2 expression was observed in BMDMs and MPMs of ApoE knockout mice upon Ox-LDL administration, which was confirmed by western blot. The double immunofluorescence staining further exhibited that Dkk2 showed a strong immunoreactivity in BMDMs and primarily located in cytoplasm of macrophages. Dkk2 knockdown significantly decreased the genes related to classic M1 polarized macrophage but increased alternative M2 polarized macrophage markers. Moreover, Dkk2 silencing dramatically attenuated foam cell formation which was contributed by promoted markers' expression associated with cholesterol efflux but attenuated markers to cholesterol influx. Mechanistically, we observed that Dkk2 knockdown activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting β-catenin to translocate into the nuclei of macrophages, and XAV939 reversed the ameliorated effect of Dkk2 silencing macrophage activation. Taken together, these results suggested that downregulated Dkk2 expression in macrophages was responsible for the inactivation of macrophage through targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui He
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Changlun Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Qijiang District People's Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhenggong Li
- Center of Cardiology, Chong Qing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China.
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31
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Weerackoon N, Gunawardhana KL, Mani A. Wnt Signaling Cascades and Their Role in Coronary Artery Health and Disease. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:52-62. [PMID: 33969358 PMCID: PMC8098721 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.2.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling is classified as two distinct pathways of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the non-canonical pathways of planar cell polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. However, the scientific discoveries in recent years have shown that canonical and non-canonical Wnts pathways are intertwined and have complex interaction with other major signaling pathways such as hedgehog, Hippo and TOR signaling. Wnt signaling plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration during embryonic development. The impairment of these pathways during embryonic development often leads to major congenital defects. In adult organisms Wnt expression is more restricted to proliferating tissues, where it plays a key role in tissue regeneration. In addition, the disruption of homeostatic processes of multicellular organisms may give rise to reactivation and/or altered activation of Wnt signaling, leading to development of malignant tumors and chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and adult cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world. The disease is the consequences of two distinct disease processes: Atherosclerosis, a primarily inflammatory disease and plaque erosion, a disease process associated with endothelial cell defect and smooth muscle proliferation with only modest contribution of inflammatory cells. The atherosclerosis is itself a multifactorial disease that is initiated by lipid deposition and endothelial dysfunction, triggering vascular inflammation via recruitment and aggregation of monocytes and their transformation to foam cell by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), culminating in an atheromatous plaque core formation. Further accumulation of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and extracellular matrix deposition result in intimal hyperplasia. Myocardial infarction is the ultimate consequence of these processes and is caused by plaque rupture and hypercoagulation. In vivo studies have established the role of the Wnt pathway in all phases of atherosclerosis development, though much remains unknown or controversial. Less is known about the mechanisms that induce plaque erosion. The limited evidence in mouse models of Wnt coreceptor LRP6 mutation and heterozygous TCF7L2 knock out mice implicate altered Wnt signaling also in the pathogenesis of plaque erosion. In this article we focus and review the role of the Wnt pathway in CAD pathophysiology from clinical and experimental standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha Weerackoon
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kushan L Gunawardhana
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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32
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Shafi O. Switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, and other factors contributing to atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Thromb J 2020; 18:28. [PMID: 33132762 PMCID: PMC7592591 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Onset, development and progression of atherosclerosis are complex multistep processes. Many aspects of atherogenesis are not yet properly known. This study investigates the changes in vasculature that contribute to switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, focusing mainly on ageing. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving atherogenesis, vascular homeostasis, aging, gene expression, signaling pathways, angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular cell differentiation and maintenance, vascular stem cells, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Results Atherogenesis is a complex multistep process that unfolds in a sequence. It is caused by alterations in: epigenetics and genetics, signaling pathways, cell circuitry, genome stability, heterotypic interactions between multiple cell types and pathologic alterations in vascular microenvironment. Such alterations involve pathological changes in: Shh, Wnt, NOTCH signaling pathways, TGF beta, VEGF, FGF, IGF 1, HGF, AKT/PI3K/ mTOR pathways, EGF, FOXO, CREB, PTEN, several apoptotic pathways, ET - 1, NF-κB, TNF alpha, angiopoietin, EGFR, Bcl - 2, NGF, BDNF, neurotrophins, growth factors, several signaling proteins, MAPK, IFN, TFs, NOs, serum cholesterol, LDL, ephrin, its receptor pathway, HoxA5, Klf3, Klf4, BMPs, TGFs and others.This disruption in vascular homeostasis at cellular, genetic and epigenetic level is involved in switching of the vascular cells towards atherogenesis. All these factors working in pathologic manner, contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The development of atherosclerosis involves the switching of gene expression towards pro-atherogenic genes. This happens because of pathologic alterations in vascular homeostasis. When pathologic alterations in epigenetics, genetics, regulatory genes, microenvironment and vascular cell biology accumulate beyond a specific threshold, then the disease begins to express itself phenotypically. The process of biological ageing is one of the most significant factors in this aspect as it is also involved in the decline in homeostasis, maintenance and integrity.The process of atherogenesis unfolds sequentially (step by step) in an interconnected loop of pathologic changes in vascular biology. Such changes are involved in 'switching' of vascular cells towards atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rakipovski G, Rolin B, Barascuk N, Lund HE, Bjørn Bonde MF, Djordjevic D, Wulff-Larsen PG, Petersen M, Kirk RK, Hultman K, Manfe V, Blume N, Zahn S, Lengquist M, Maegdefessel L, Hovingh GK, Conde-Knape K, Hedin U, Matic L, Nyberg M. A neutralizing antibody against DKK1 does not reduce plaque formation in classical murine models of atherosclerosis: Is the therapeutic potential lost in translation? Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:1-9. [PMID: 33129080 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical interventions targeting nonlipid risk factors are needed given the high residual risk of atherothrombotic events despite effective control of dyslipidemia. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) plays a lipid-independent role in vascular pathophysiology but its involvement in atherosclerosis development and its therapeutic attractiveness remain to be established. METHODS Patient data, in vitro studies and pharmacological intervention in murine models of atherosclerosis were utilized. RESULTS In patients' material (n = 127 late stage plaque specimens and n = 10 control vessels), DKK1 mRNA was found to be higher in atherosclerotic plaques versus control arteries. DKK1 protein was detected in the luminal intimal area and in the necrotic core of plaques. DKK1 was released from isolated primary human platelets (~12 - 21-fold) and endothelial cells (~1.4-2.5-fold) upon stimulation with different pathophysiological stimuli. In ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, plasma DKK1 concentrations were similar to those observed in humans, whereas DKK1 expression in different atheroprone arterial segments was very low/absent. Chronic treatment with a neutralizing DKK1 antibody effectively reduced plasma concentrations, however, plaque lesion area was not reduced in ApoE-/- and Ldlr-/- mice fed a western diet for 14 and 16 weeks. Anti-DKK1 treatment increased bone volume and bone mineral content. CONCLUSIONS Functional inhibition of DKK1 with an antibody does not alter atherosclerosis progression in classical murine models. This may reflect the absence of DKK1 expression in plaques and more advanced animal disease models could be needed to evaluate the role and therapeutic attractiveness of DKK1 in late stage complications such as plaque destabilization, calcification, rupture and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidda Rolin
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maj Petersen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Karin Hultman
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Valentina Manfe
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Niels Blume
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Chief Medical Office, Novo Nordisk A/S, Soeborg, Denmark; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark.
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Liu Y, Neogi A, Mani A. The role of Wnt signalling in development of coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Open Biol 2020; 10:200128. [PMID: 33081636 PMCID: PMC7653355 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathways are composed of a highly conserved cascade of events that govern cell differentiation, apoptosis and cell orientation. Three major and distinct Wnt signalling pathways have been characterized: the canonical Wnt pathway (or Wnt/β-catenin pathway), the non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Altered Wnt signalling pathway has been associated with diverse diseases such as disorders of bone density, different malignancies, cardiac malformations and heart failure. Coronary artery disease is the most common type of heart disease in the United States. Atherosclerosis is a multi-step pathological process, which starts with lipid deposition and endothelial cell dysfunction, triggering inflammatory reactions, followed by recruitment and aggregation of monocytes. Subsequently, monocytes differentiate into tissue-resident macrophages and transform into foam cells by the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, further accumulations of lipids, infiltration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and deposition of the extracellular matrix occur under the intima. An atheromatous plaque or hyperplasia of the intima and media is eventually formed, resulting in luminal narrowing and reduced blood flow to the myocardium, leading to chest pain, angina and even myocardial infarction. The Wnt pathway participates in all different stages of this process, from endothelial dysfunction to lipid deposit, and from initial inflammation to plaque formation. Here, we focus on the role of Wnt cascade in pathophysiological mechanisms that take part in coronary artery disease from both clinical and experimental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Arpita Neogi
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris A, Anastasiou IA, Mourouzis I, Tsilingiris D, Kosta O, Grigoropoulou P, Tentolouris N. Factors associated with sclerostin levels - A calcification inhibitor - In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus; Is autonomic neuropathy the missing link? J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107677. [PMID: 32713708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin inhibits bone formation and its expression is upregulated in the vasculature during the arterial calcification process as a counterregulatory mechanism preventing further calcification. Lower extremity arterial calcification (LEAC) is common in neuropathic patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Herein, we investigated for associations between plasma sclerostin levels and diabetic neuropathy as well as LEAC in subjects with T2DM. METHODS A total of 74 individuals with and 76 without T2DMwere recruited. Plasma sclerostin levels were measured by ELISA. Diagnosis of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was based on the battery of the four autonomic tests, while of somatosensory peripheral neuropathy (DPN) on neuropathy symptom score and neuropathy disability score. LEAC was assessed with conventional ankle and foot x-rays. RESULTS Plasma sclerostin levels were higher in participants with LEAC vs. those without LEAC in both diabetes and non-diabetes cohorts (p = 0.035 and p = 0.003, respectively). In the diabetes cohort, patients with CAN, but not with DPN, had higher sclerostin levels when compared with those without CAN (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis in the diabetes cohort demonstrated that sclerostin levels were associated positively with CAN and LEAC, while in the non-diabetes cohort there was a trend for a positive association with male gender and presence of LEAC. CONCLUSION Plasma sclerostin levels are increased in individuals with LEAC irrespectively of diabetes status. In addition, plasma sclerostin concentrations are associated independently with LEAC and CAN in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna A Anastasiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Kosta
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Grigoropoulou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Stavrinou E, Sarafidis PA, Loutradis C, Memmos E, Faitatzidou D, Giamalis P, Koumaras C, Karagiannis A, Papagianni A. Associations of serum sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein-1 proteins with future cardiovascular events and mortality in haemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1165-1172. [PMID: 33841862 PMCID: PMC8023195 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1) proteins are inhibitors of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin bone pathway. Sclerostin but not Dkk-1 is associated with increased arterial stiffness. This study examined the prognostic significance of sclerostin and Dkk-1 levels for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Serum sclerostin and Dkk-1 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 80 HD patients that were followed-up for a median of 45 months. Factors that could interfere with the association of sclerostin and Dkk-1 with outcomes [including carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium–phosphate product and others] were assessed at baseline. The primary endpoint was a combination of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, hospitalization for decompensated heart failure and new-onset atrial fibrillation. Secondary endpoints included cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Results Cumulative freedom from the primary endpoint was significantly lower for higher tertiles of sclerostin (77.8, 69.2 and 40.7%; Tertiles 1–3, respectively; log-rank P = 0.004). The risk for the primary outcome gradually increased for higher sclerostin tertiles [Tertile 3: hazard ratio (HR) = 3.847, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.502–9.851]. No significant association was evident between sclerostin and all-cause mortality, whereas higher sclerostin levels presented a trend towards higher risk for cardiovascular mortality. Dkk-1 levels exhibited no association with the risk of the primary or secondary endpoints. In stepwise Cox regression modelled analysis, sclerostin levels were associated with the primary outcome, independently of PTH, calcium–phosphate product, serum albumin, C-reactive protein and PWV levels (HR = 2.921, 95% CI 1.401–6.090; P = 0.004). Conclusions High sclerostin levels are associated with lower cumulative freedom and higher risk for a composite endpoint of cardiovascular events and mortality. Dkk-1 exhibited no association with the future risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Stavrinou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis A Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Loutradis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Memmos
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Danai Faitatzidou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Giamalis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Koumaras
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wood KA, Rowlands CF, Thomas HB, Woods S, O’Flaherty J, Douzgou S, Kimber SJ, Newman WG, O’Keefe RT. Modelling the developmental spliceosomal craniofacial disorder Burn-McKeown syndrome using induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233582. [PMID: 32735620 PMCID: PMC7394406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The craniofacial developmental disorder Burn-McKeown Syndrome (BMKS) is caused by biallelic variants in the pre-messenger RNA splicing factor gene TXNL4A/DIB1. The majority of affected individuals with BMKS have a 34 base pair deletion in the promoter region of one allele of TXNL4A combined with a loss-of-function variant on the other allele, resulting in reduced TXNL4A expression. However, it is unclear how reduced expression of this ubiquitously expressed spliceosome protein results in craniofacial defects during development. Here we reprogrammed peripheral mononuclear blood cells from a BMKS patient and her unaffected mother into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated the iPSCs into induced neural crest cells (iNCCs), the key cell type required for correct craniofacial development. BMKS patient-derived iPSCs proliferated more slowly than both mother- and unrelated control-derived iPSCs, and RNA-Seq analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression and alternative splicing. Patient iPSCs displayed defective differentiation into iNCCs compared to maternal and unrelated control iPSCs, in particular a delay in undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA-Seq analysis of differentiated iNCCs revealed widespread gene expression changes and mis-splicing in genes relevant to craniofacial and embryonic development that highlight a dampened response to WNT signalling, the key pathway activated during iNCC differentiation. Furthermore, we identified the mis-splicing of TCF7L2 exon 4, a key gene in the WNT pathway, as a potential cause of the downregulated WNT response in patient cells. Additionally, mis-spliced genes shared common sequence properties such as length, branch point to 3’ splice site (BPS-3’SS) distance and splice site strengths, suggesting that splicing of particular subsets of genes is particularly sensitive to changes in TXNL4A expression. Together, these data provide the first insight into how reduced TXNL4A expression in BMKS patients might compromise splicing and NCC function, resulting in defective craniofacial development in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Wood
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie F. Rowlands
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Huw B. Thomas
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julieta O’Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond T. O’Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zhao B, Chen A, Wang H, Cui J, Sun Y, Xu L, Mao Y. The relationship between sclerostin and carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1329-1336. [PMID: 32458213 PMCID: PMC7314717 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sclerostin is an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We previously reported that sclerostin is closely related to carotid artery atherosclerosis and long-term outcome in hemodialysis patients. The present study investigated the association between sclerostin, renal function, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in non-dialysis patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 3-5ND). METHODS A total of 140 patients with CKD 3-5ND were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery were detected by B-mode Doppler ultrasound. Blood samples were collected to assess serum sclerostin levels. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic plaques. RESULTS The median eGFR was 24.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range [IQR] 10.0-40.3 ml/min/1.73 m2) and median serum sclerostin level was 46.76 pmol/l (IQR 30.18-67.56 pmol/l). Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were detected in 104 subjects (74.3%). There was a negative association between sclerostin level and eGFR (r = - 0.214, p = 0.011). Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that sclerostin level was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of carotid plaques, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.026 (1.003, 1.051). CONCLUSION Serum sclerostin increases with declining renal function in patients with CKD 3-5ND. Sclerostin is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Zhao
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Chen
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Lengnan Xu
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Mao
- The Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Over the last decades, the association between vascular calcification (VC) and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality, especially in patients with high atherogenic status, such as those with diabetes and/or chronic kidney disease, has been repeatedly highlighted. For over a century, VC has been noted as a passive, degenerative, aging process without any treatment options. However, during the past decades, studies confirmed that mineralization of the arteries is an active, complex process, similar to bone genesis and formation. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update of the existing biomarkers of VC in serum and develop the various pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the calcification process, including the pivotal roles of matrix Gla protein, osteoprotegerin, bone morphogenetic proteins, fetuin-a, fibroblast growth-factor-23, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, sclerostin, pyrophosphate, Smads, fibrillin-1 and carbonic anhydrase II.
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Xue Q, Wang X, Deng X, Huang Y, Tian W. CEMIP regulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis through the WNT–beta-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:249-257. [PMID: 32207314 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the regulatory role of cell-migration-inducing and hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The mRNA and protein levels of CEMIP were upregulated in the plasma samples from patients with atherosclerosis, and in VSMCs stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), compared with plasma from healthy subjects and untreated VSMCs. Silencing CEMIP suppressed PDGF-BB-induced cell migration and proliferation in VSMCs, as determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, 5-ethynyl-2′-deocyuridine (EDU) assays, flow cytometry, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays. Overexpression of CEMIP promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs via activation of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway and the upregulation of its target genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-7, cyclin D1, and c-myc, whereas CEMIP deficiency showed the opposite effects. The knockdown of CEMIP in ApoE−/− mice by intravenous injection of lentiviral vector expressing si-CEMIP protected against high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis, as shown by the reduced aortic lesion areas, aortic sinus lesion areas, and the concentration of blood lipids compared with mice normally expressing CEMIP. These results demonstrated that CEMIP regulates the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in atherosclerosis by activating the WNT–β-catenin signaling pathway, which suggests the therapeutic potential of CEMIP for the management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xue
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province 252000, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yue Huang
- International Exchang Center, China Association for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Technology Exchange, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
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Sirtuin-1 and Its Relevance in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051593. [PMID: 32111067 PMCID: PMC7084838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is related to VC. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) deacetylase encompasses a broad range of transcription factors that are linked to an extended lifespan. Sirt1 enhances endothelial NO synthase and upregulates FoxOs to activate its antioxidant properties and delay cell senescence. Sirt1 reverses osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation by influencing RUNX2 expression in VSMCs. Low Sirt1 hardly prevents acetylation by p300 and phosphorylation of β-catenin that, following the facilitation of β-catenin translocation, drives osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation. Hyperphosphatemia induces VC by osteogenic conversion, apoptosis, and senescence of VSMCs through the Pit-1 cotransporter, which can be retarded by the sirt1 activator resveratrol. Proinflammatory adipocytokines released from dysfunctional perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) mediate medial calcification and arterial stiffness. Sirt1 ameliorates release of PVAT adipokines and increases adiponectin secretion, which interact with FoxO 1 against oxidative stress and inflammatory arterial insult. Conclusively, Sirt1 decelerates VC by means of influencing endothelial NO bioavailability, senescence of ECs and VSMCs, osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, apoptosis of VSMCs, ECM deposition, and the inflammatory response of PVAT. Factors that aggravate VC include vitamin D deficiency-related macrophage recruitment and further inflammation responses. Supplementation with vitamin D to adequate levels is beneficial in improving PVAT macrophage infiltration and local inflammation, which further prevents VC.
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Rajabi H, Aslani S, Abhari A, Sanajou D. Expression Profiles of MicroRNAs in Stem Cells Differentiation. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:906-918. [PMID: 32072899 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200219092520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and have a great potential in multilineage differentiation. These cells are classified into adult stem cells like Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs). Stem cells also have potential therapeutic utility due to their pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation ability. These properties make them a suitable choice for regenerative medicine. Stem cells differentiation toward functional cells is governed by different signaling pathways and transcription factors. Recent studies have demonstrated the key role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, aging, cell fate decisions. Several types of stem cells have different and unique miRNA expression profiles. Our review summarizes novel regulatory roles of miRNAs in the process of stem cell differentiation especially adult stem cells into a variety of functional cells through signaling pathways and transcription factors modulation. Understanding the mechanistic roles of miRNAs might be helpful in elaborating clinical therapies using stem cells and developing novel biomarkers for the early and effective diagnosis of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rajabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Aslani
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Sanajou
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kuipers AL, Miljkovic I, Barinas-Mitchell E, Nestlerode CS, Cvejkus RK, Wheeler VW, Zhang Y, Zmuda JM. Wnt Pathway Gene Expression Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014170. [PMID: 32013702 PMCID: PMC7033870 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal and in vitro experiments implicate the Wnt pathway in cardiac development, fibrosis, vascular calcification, and atherosclerosis, but research in humans is lacking. We examined peripheral blood Wnt pathway gene expression and arterial stiffness in 369 healthy African ancestry men (mean age, 64 years). Methods and Results Gene expression was assessed using a custom Nanostring nCounter gene expression panel (N=43 genes) and normalized to housekeeping genes and background signal. Arterial stiffness was assessed via brachial‐ankle pulse‐wave velocity. Fourteen Wnt genes showed detectable expression and were tested individually as predictors of pulse‐wave velocity using linear regression, adjusting for age, height, weight, blood pressure, medication use, resting heart rate, current smoking, alcohol intake, and sedentary lifestyle. Adenomatous polyposis coli regulator of Wnt signaling pathway (APC), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3B), and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) were significantly associated with arterial stiffness (P<0.05 for all). When entered into a single model, APC and TCF4 expression remained independently associated with arterial stiffness (P=0.04 and 0.003, respectively), and each explained ≈3% of the variance in pulse‐wave velocity. Conclusions The current study establishes a novel association between in vivo expression of the Wnt pathway genes, APC and TCF4, with arterial stiffness in African ancestry men, a population at high risk of hypertensive vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | | | | | - Ryan K Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA
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Wnt signaling mediates TLR pathway and promote unrestrained adipogenesis and metaflammation: Therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104602. [PMID: 31846761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabesity is the combination of type 2 diabetes and obesity characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The Wnt signaling act as an evolutionary pathway playing crucial role in regulating cellular homeostasis and energy balance from hypothalamus to metabolic organs. Aberrant activity of certain appendages in the canonical and non-canonical Wnt system deregulates metabolism and leads to adipose tissue expansion, this key event initiates metabolic stress causing metaflammation and obesity. Metaflammation induced obesity initiates abnormal development of adipocytes mediating through the non-canonical Wnt signaling inhibition of canonical Wnt pathway to fan the flames of adipogenesis. Moreover, activation of toll like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling in metabolic stress invites immune cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines for recruitment of macrophages in adipose tissues, further causes polarization of macrophages into M1(classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) subtypes. These events end with chronic low-grade inflammation which interferes with insulin signaling in metabolic tissues to develop type 2 diabetes. However, there is a dearth in understanding the exact mechanism of Wnt-TLR axis during diabesity. This review dissects the molecular facets of Wnt and TLRs that modulates cellular components during diabesity and provides current progress, challenges and alternative therapeutic strategies at preclinical and clinical level.
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Zhang CJ, Zhu N, Liu Z, Shi Z, Long J, Zu XY, Tang ZW, Hu ZY, Liao DF, Qin L. Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158547. [PMID: 31678514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by lipids metabolism disorder and inflammatory response. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Wingless type 5a (Wnt5a) is implicated in cardiovascular diseases through non-canonical Wnt cascades. However, its precise role during the pathogenesis of AS is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of Wnt5a/receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) pathways in the promotion of AS process through affecting lipid accumulation and inflammation. In atherosclerotic clinical samples, Wnt5a levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. In vivo experiments were conducted by using apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice model. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were applied for in vitro studies. Wnt5a was highly expressed in both of atherosclerotic clinical samples and apoE-/- mice. The knockdown of Wnt5a significantly inhibited cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory response. Additionally, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation aggravated the cholesterol accumulation and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in VSMCs. Depletion of intracellular cholesterol by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) led to the upregulation of ABCA1 and the inhibition of inflammation. Conversely, the overexpression of Wnt5a inhibited ABCA1 expression, facilitated cholesterol accumulation, impared cholesterol efflux, promoted NF-κB nuclear translocation and the inflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, the knockdown of Ror2 increased ABCA1 expression and reduced Wnt5a-induced cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the knockdown of ABCA1 enhanced cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory response. Therefore, Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway was critical in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory response, which might be a promising therapeutic target for AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Long
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu-Yu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Heng Yang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Hu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Stavrinou E, Sarafidis PA, Koumaras C, Loutradis C, Giamalis P, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Papagianni A. Increased Sclerostin, but Not Dickkopf-1 Protein, Is Associated with Elevated Pulse Wave Velocity in Hemodialysis Subjects. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:679-689. [PMID: 31382263 DOI: 10.1159/000501205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) proteins are inhibitors of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin bone pathway. Pilot data suggest that sclerostin may be involved in vascular changes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but data on the effects of Dkk-1 are scarce. This is the first study investigating simultaneously the associations of sclerostin and Dkk-1 with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. METHODS A total of 80 patients on chronic hemodialysis had carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressure (BP), and wave reflections evaluated with applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor) on a midweek non-dialysis day. Serum levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 were measured with ELISA. A large set of demographic, comorbid, laboratory, and drug parameters were used in the analyses. RESULTS Subjects with PWV >9.5 m/s (high arterial stiffness group, n = 40) were older, had higher BMI, higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, and higher peripheral systolic BP, central systolic BP, C-reactive protein, and serum sclerostin (p = 0.02), but similar Dkk-1, compared to subjects with low PWV. When dichotomizing the population by sclerostin levels, those with high sclerostin had higher PWV than patients with low sclerostin levels (10.63 ± 2.71 vs. 9.77 ± 3.13, p = 0.048). Increased sclerostin (>200 pg/mL) was significantly associated with increased PWV (>9.5 m/s; HR 2.778, 95% CI 1.123-6.868 per pg/mL increase); this association remained significant after stepwise adjustment for Dkk-1, intact parathyroid hormone, and calcium × phosphate product. In contrast, no association was noted between Dkk-1 and PWV (HR 1.000, 95% CI 0.416-2.403). CONCLUSION Serum sclerostin is associated with PWV independently of routine markers of CKD-MBD in hemodialysis patients. In contrast, Dkk-1 has no association with arterial stiffness and is not pathophysiologically involved in relevant vascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Stavrinou
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis A Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
| | - Charalampos Koumaras
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Loutradis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Giamalis
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papagianni
- Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shalash MAM, Rohoma KH, Kandil NS, Abdel Mohsen MA, Taha AAF. Serum sclerostin level and its relation to subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:592-597. [PMID: 31129005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin, a Wnt-signalling inhibitor, is an established negative regulator of bone formation. However, data regarding its potential importance in vascular disease are less clear. Common carotid artery media thickness (CIMT) assessment and plaque identification using ultrasound imaging are well-recognized tools for identifying and monitoring atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between serum sclerostin and subclinical atherosclerosis (as evidenced by CIMT). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 50 subjects with T2DM and 20 subjects as a control group. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association of sclerostin with subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS Serum sclerostin levels in T2DM patients were significantly higher compared to the control group (167.16 ± 63.60 versus 85.98 ± 23.74 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). A concentration of ≥162.5 pg/ml showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 86.67% to detect an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Univariate analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between serum sclerostin and CIMT (r = 0.635, P < 0.001). Sclerostin concentrations remained independently associated with CIMT (β = 63.188 [6.919-119.456], P = 0.017) after adjusting for age and gender. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a positive correlation between serum sclerostin level and subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magui Abdel Moneim Shalash
- Department of Internal Medicine (Unit of Diabetes and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kamel Hemida Rohoma
- Department of Internal Medicine (Unit of Diabetes and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noha Said Kandil
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Aya Abdul Fattah Taha
- Department of Internal Medicine (Unit of Diabetes and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Amin F, Ahmed A, Feroz A, Khaki PSS, Khan MS, Tabrez S, Zaidi SK, Abdulaal WH, Shamsi A, Khan W, Bano B. An Update on the Association of Protein Kinases with Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:174-183. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190312115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Protein kinases are the enzymes involved in phosphorylation of different proteins which
leads to functional changes in those proteins. They belong to serine-threonine kinases family and are classified
into the AGC (Protein kinase A/ Protein kinase G/ Protein kinase C) families of protein and Rho-associated
kinase protein (ROCK). The AGC family of kinases are involved in G-protein stimuli, muscle contraction, platelet
biology and lipid signaling. On the other hand, ROCK regulates actin cytoskeleton which is involved in the
development of stress fibres. Inflammation is the main signal in all ROCK-mediated disease. It triggers the cascade
of a reaction involving various proinflammatory cytokine molecules.
Methods:
Two ROCK isoforms are found in mammals and invertebrates. The first isoforms are present mainly in
the kidney, lung, spleen, liver, and testis. The second one is mainly distributed in the brain and heart.
Results:
ROCK proteins are ubiquitously present in all tissues and are involved in many ailments that include
hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, vasospasm, ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart
failure. Several ROCK inhibitors have shown positive results in the treatment of various disease including cardiovascular
diseases.
Conclusion:
ROCK inhibitors, fasudil and Y27632, have been reported for significant efficiency in dropping
vascular smooth muscle cell hyper-contraction, vascular inflammatory cell recruitment, cardiac remodelling and
endothelial dysfunction which highlight ROCK role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhra Amin
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Anna Feroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | | | - Mohd Shahnwaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Wajihullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.), India
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Bartoli-Leonard F, Wilkinson FL, Langford-Smith AWW, Alexander MY, Weston R. The Interplay of SIRT1 and Wnt Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:183. [PMID: 30619890 PMCID: PMC6305318 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major health risk and is highly correlated with atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The development of vascular calcification is an active and complex process linked with a multitude of signaling pathways, which regulate promoters and inhibitors of osteogenesis, the balance of which become deregulated in disease conditions. SIRT1, a protein deacetylase, known to be protective in inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation within the vessel wall, has been shown as a possible key player in modulating the cell-fate determining canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Suppression of SIRT1 has been reported in patients suffering with cardiovascular pathologies, suggesting that the sustained acetylation of osteogenic factors could contribute to their activation and in turn, lead to the progression of calcification. There is clear evidence of the synergy between β-Catenin and elevated Runx2, and with Wnt signaling being β-Catenin dependent, further understanding is needed as to how these molecular pathways converge and interact, in order to provide novel insight into the mechanism by which smooth muscle cells switch to an osteogenic differentiation programme. Therefore, this review will describe the current concepts of pathological soft tissue mineralization, with a focus on the contribution of SIRT1 as a regulator of Wnt signaling and its targets, discussing SIRT1 as a potential target for manipulation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoli-Leonard
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex W W Langford-Smith
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Y Alexander
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ria Weston
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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50
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Tian BY, Yao L, Sheng ZT, Wan PZ, Qiu XB, Wang J, Xu TH. Specific knockdown of WNT8b expression protects against phosphate-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3469-3477. [PMID: 30461014 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, the prevalence, significance, and regulatory mechanisms of vascular calcification (VC) have gained increasing recognition. The aim of this study is to explore the action of WNT8b in the development of phosphate-induced VC through its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro by inactivating the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. To explore the effect of WNT8b on the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway and VC in vitro, β-glycerophosphate (GP)-induced T/G HA-VSMCs were treated with small interfering RNA against WNT8b (Si-WNT8b), Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway activator (LiCl) and both, respectively. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the messenger RNA and protein levels of WNT8b, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calcification-associated molecules, and molecules related to the Wnt signaling pathway. The TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay was performed to detect the transcription activity mediated by β-catenin. Si-WNT8b reduced calcium deposition and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increased the α-SMA level, and decreased bone morphogenetic protein 2, Pit1, MSX2, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 levels, whereas stimulation of LiCl worsened β-GP-induced calcium deposition, increased the activity of ALP, and reduced the α-SMA expression level. Si-WNT8b reduced the levels of WNT8b, frizzled-4, β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), and cyclin-D, whereas it increased the levels of p-β-catenin and GSK-3β, indicating that si-WNT8b could alter the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway and thus hamper the VC in T/G HA-VSMC, which was further demonstrated by the TOP/FOP-Flash assay and detection of the β-catenin expression level in the nucleus. Altogether, we conclude that WNT8b knockdown terminates phosphate-induced VC in VSMCs by inhibiting the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yao Tian
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Tong Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Wan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Hua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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