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McKimpson WM, Spiegel S, Mukhanova M, Kraakman M, Du W, Kitamoto T, Yu J, Deng Z, Pajvani U, Accili D. Calorie restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand ghrelin cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202305093. [PMID: 38958606 PMCID: PMC11222742 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction increases lifespan. Among the tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction, the impact on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We report increased numbers of chromogranin A-positive (+), including orexigenic ghrelin+ cells, in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect was accompanied by increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed by blocking Notch with DAPT, a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Primary cultures and genetically modified reporter mice show that increased endocrine cell abundance is due to altered Lgr5+ stem and Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cell proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, activation of FOXO1 was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation independent of Notch. The Notch inhibitor PF-03084014 or ghrelin receptor antagonist GHRP-6 reversed the phenotypic effects of calorie restriction in mice. Tirzepatide additionally expanded ghrelin+ cells in mice. In summary, calorie restriction promotes Notch-dependent, FOXO1-regulated gastric endocrine cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Spiegel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Mukhanova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kraakman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junjie Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhaobin Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Utpal Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Caron JP, Ernyey H, Rosenthal MD. Can caloric restriction improve outcomes of elective surgeries? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:646-657. [PMID: 38802250 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) is a nutrition method to reduce the amount of energy intake while maintaining adequate nutrition. In clinical medicine, applications of ER have been implicated in longevity, mortality, metabolic, immune, and psychological health. However, there are limited studies showing the clinical benefit of ER within the immediate surgical setting. A specific, clinically oriented summary of the potential applications of ER is needed to optimize surgery outcomes for patients. The purpose of this article is to examine how ER can be used for perioperative optimization to improve outcomes for the patient and surgeon. It will also explore how these outcomes can feasibly fit in with enhanced recovery after surgery protocols and can be used as a method for nutrition optimization in surgery. Despite evidence of caloric restriction improving outcomes in critically ill surgical patients, there is not enough evidence to conclude that ER, perioperatively across noncritically ill cohorts, improves postoperative morbidity and mortality in elective surgeries. Nevertheless, a contemporary account of how ER techniques may have a significant role in reducing risk factors of adverse surgical outcomes in this cohort, for example, by encouraging preoperative weight loss contributing to decreased operating times, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Ernyey
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Bersch-Ferreira ÂC, Stein E, Waclawovsky G, da Silva LR, Machado RHV, Weschenfelder C, Figueiro MF, Suzumura EA, Santos RHN, Duarte GBS, Rogero MM, de Abreu-Silva EO, Cavalcanti AB, Marcadenti A. Effect of nuts on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2. [PMID: 38967674 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nut-enriched diets are related to improve lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in meta-analyses in the context of primary cardiovascular prevention. However, primary studies on secondary cardiovascular prevention are scarce and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of nut supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profiles in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the frequency of adverse events. METHODS Six databases were used for research: PubMed, EMBASE, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to compare nut-enriched diets vs. control diets for pre-post intervention changes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the evidence's certainty. RESULTS From the 5187 records identified, eight publications containing data referring to five randomized clinical trials involving 439 participants were included in the final analyses. The nuts evaluated were almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, and mixed nuts, with doses ranging between 5 g and 85 g (median: 30 g/day). The intervention time varied between 6 and 12 weeks. Compared to nut-free diets, nut intake did not have a statistically significant effect on lipid profile biomarkers, except on the atherogenic index (MD: -0.32 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.06], I2 = 0% - moderate certainty of the evidence). Similarly, there was no effect of nuts on inflammatory profile biomarkers. It was not possible to aggregate data on adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Nut supplementation did not change lipid and inflammatory profiles in the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela C Bersch-Ferreira
- Hcor Teaching Institute, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- PROADI-SUS Office, Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elana Stein
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel H V Machado
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Erica A Suzumura
- Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato H N Santos
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erlon O de Abreu-Silva
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandre B Cavalcanti
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Yu Z, Zhou Y, Mao K, Pang B, Wang K, Jin T, Zheng H, Zhai H, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu H, Wang Y, Han JDJ. Thermal facial image analyses reveal quantitative hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1482-1493.e7. [PMID: 38959862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Although human core body temperature is known to decrease with age, the age dependency of facial temperature and its potential to indicate aging rate or aging-related diseases remains uncertain. Here, we collected thermal facial images of 2,811 Han Chinese individuals 20-90 years old, developed the ThermoFace method to automatically process and analyze images, and then generated thermal age and disease prediction models. The ThermoFace deep learning model for thermal facial age has a mean absolute deviation of about 5 years in cross-validation and 5.18 years in an independent cohort. The difference between predicted and chronological age is highly associated with metabolic parameters, sleep time, and gene expression pathways like DNA repair, lipolysis, and ATPase in the blood transcriptome, and it is modifiable by exercise. Consistently, ThermoFace disease predictors forecast metabolic diseases like fatty liver with high accuracy (AUC > 0.80), with predicted disease probability correlated with metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Yu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehang Mao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tang Jin
- International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Zhai
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Kailuan Majiagou Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies, Chengdu, China.
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5
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Alcaráz N, Salcedo-Tello P, González-Barrios R, Torres-Arciga K, Guzmán-Ramos K. Underlying Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Lifestyle Factors On Age-Related Diseases. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103014. [PMID: 38861840 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The rise in life expectancy has significantly increased the occurrence of age-related chronic diseases, leading to escalating expenses for both society and individuals. Among the main factors influencing health and lifespan, lifestyle takes a forefront position. Specifically, nutrition, mental activity, and physical exercise influence the molecular and functional mechanisms that contribute to the prevention of major age-related diseases. Gaining deeper insights into the mechanisms that drive the positive effects of healthy lifestyles is valuable for creating interventions to prevent or postpone the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that underlie the positive effect of lifestyle factors in counteracting the major age-related diseases involving brain health, musculoskeletal function, cancer, frailty, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This knowledge will help to identify high-risk populations for targeted intervention trials and discover new biomarkers associated with healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Alcaráz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Salcedo-Tello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kioko Guzmán-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Mexico State, Mexico.
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6
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Burak MF, Stanley TL, Lawson EA, Campbell SL, Lynch L, Hasty AH, Domingos AI, Dixit VD, Hotamışlıgil GS, Sheedy FJ, Dixon AE, Brinkley TE, Hill JA, Donath MY, Grinspoon SK. Adiposity, immunity, and inflammation: interrelationships in health and disease: a report from 24th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, June 2023. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:257-268. [PMID: 38705359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism explores how changes in local immune environments may affect key metabolic and cellular processes, including that of adipose tissue. Importantly, these changes may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. In turn, chronic low-grade inflammation affecting adipose tissue may exacerbate the outcome of metabolic diseases. Novel advances in our understanding of immunometabolic processes may critically lead to interventions to reduce disease severity and progression. An important example in this regard relates to obesity, which has a multifaceted effect on immunity, activating the proinflammatory pathways such as the inflammasome and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This multifaceted effect of obesity can be investigated through study of downstream conditions using cellular and systemic investigative techniques. To further explore this field, the National Institutes of Health P30 Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, in partnership with Harvard Medical School, assembled experts to present at its 24th Annual Symposium entitled "Adiposity, Immunity, and Inflammation: Interrelationships in Health and Disease" on 7 June, 2023. This manuscript seeks to synthesize and present key findings from the symposium, highlighting new research and novel disease-specific advances in the field. Better understanding the interaction between metabolism and immunity offers promising preventative and treatment therapies for obesity-related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophia L Campbell
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwa D Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, and Yale Center for Research on Aging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Fong S, Pabis K, Latumalea D, Dugersuren N, Unfried M, Tolwinski N, Kennedy B, Gruber J. Principal component-based clinical aging clocks identify signatures of healthy aging and targets for clinical intervention. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00646-8. [PMID: 38898237 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Clocks that measure biological age should predict all-cause mortality and give rise to actionable insights to promote healthy aging. Here we applied dimensionality reduction by principal component analysis to clinical data to generate a clinical aging clock (PCAge) identifying signatures (principal components) separating healthy and unhealthy aging trajectories. We found signatures of metabolic dysregulation, cardiac and renal dysfunction and inflammation that predict unsuccessful aging, and we demonstrate that these processes can be impacted using well-established drug interventions. Furthermore, we generated a streamlined aging clock (LinAge), based directly on PCAge, which maintains equivalent predictive power but relies on substantially fewer features. Finally, we demonstrate that our approach can be tailored to individual datasets, by re-training a custom clinical clock (CALinAge), for use in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study of caloric restriction. Our analysis of CALERIE participants suggests that 2 years of mild caloric restriction significantly reduces biological age. Altogether, we demonstrate that this dimensionality reduction approach, through integrating different biological markers, can provide targets for preventative medicine and the promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences PhD Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamil Pabis
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Djakim Latumalea
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Maximilian Unfried
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Tolwinski
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.
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Hastings WJ, Ye Q, Wolf SE, Ryan CP, Das SK, Huffman KM, Kobor MS, Kraus WE, MacIsaac JL, Martin CK, Racette SB, Redman LM, Belsky DW, Shalev I. Effect of long-term caloric restriction on telomere length in healthy adults: CALERIE™ 2 trial analysis. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14149. [PMID: 38504468 PMCID: PMC11296136 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) modifies lifespan and aging biology in animal models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) 2 trial tested translation of these findings to humans. CALERIE™ randomized healthy, nonobese men and premenopausal women (age 21-50y; BMI 22.0-27.9 kg/m2), to 25% CR or ad-libitum (AL) control (2:1) for 2 years. Prior analyses of CALERIE™ participants' blood chemistries, immunology, and epigenetic data suggest the 2-year CR intervention slowed biological aging. Here, we extend these analyses to test effects of CR on telomere length (TL) attrition. TL was quantified in blood samples collected at baseline, 12-, and 24-months by quantitative PCR (absolute TL; aTL) and a published DNA-methylation algorithm (DNAmTL). Intent-to-treat analysis found no significant differences in TL attrition across the first year, although there were trends toward increased attrition in the CR group for both aTL and DNAmTL measurements. When accounting for adherence heterogeneity with an Effect-of-Treatment-on-the-Treated analysis, greater CR dose was associated with increased DNAmTL attrition during the baseline to 12-month weight-loss period. By contrast, both CR group status and increased CR were associated with reduced aTL attrition over the month 12 to month 24 weight maintenance period. No differences were observed when considering TL change across the study duration from baseline to 24-months, leaving it unclear whether CR-related effects reflect long-term detriments to telomere fidelity, a hormesis-like adaptation to decreased energy availability, or measurement error and insufficient statistical power. Unraveling these trends will be a focus of future CALERIE™ analyses and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waylon J. Hastings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Qiaofeng Ye
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Wolf
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Calen P. Ryan
- Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean MayerUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Julia L. MacIsaac
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Hall KD. Physiology of the weight-loss plateau in response to diet restriction, GLP-1 receptor agonism, and bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1163-1168. [PMID: 38644683 PMCID: PMC11132924 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate why different weight-loss interventions result in varying durations of weight loss prior to approaching plateaus. METHODS A validated mathematical model of energy metabolism and body composition dynamics was used to simulate mean weight- and fat-loss trajectories in response to diet restriction, semaglutide 2.4 mg, tirzepatide 10 mg, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery interventions. Each intervention was simulated by adjusting two model parameters affecting energy intake to fit the mean weight-loss data. One parameter represented the persistent shift of the system from baseline equilibrium, and the other parameter represented the strength of the feedback control circuit relating weight loss to increased appetite. RESULTS RYGB surgery resulted in a persistent intervention magnitude more than threefold greater than diet restriction and about double that of tirzepatide and semaglutide. All interventions except diet restriction substantially weakened the appetite feedback control circuit, resulting in an extended period of weight loss prior to the plateau. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary mathematical modeling results suggest that both glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism and RYGB surgery interventions act to weaken the appetite feedback control circuit that regulates body weight and induce greater persistent effects to shift the body weight equilibrium compared with diet restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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11
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Wang H, Zheng A, Thorley D, Arias EB, Cartee GD. Independent and combined effects of calorie restriction and AICAR on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles from 24-month-old female and male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:614-625. [PMID: 38181403 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of two levels of calorie restriction (CR; eating either 15% or 35% less than ad libitum, AL, food intake for 8 weeks) by 24-month-old female and male rats on glucose uptake (GU) and phosphorylation of key signaling proteins (Akt; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; Akt substrate of 160 kDa, AS160) measured in isolated skeletal muscles that underwent four incubation conditions (without either insulin or AICAR, an AMPK activator; with AICAR alone; with insulin alone; or with insulin and AICAR). Regardless of sex: (1) neither CR group versus the AL group had greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles; (2) phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated muscles was increased in 35% CR versus AL rats; (3) prior AICAR treatment of muscle resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles, regardless of diet; and (4) AICAR caused elevated phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, an indicator of AMPK activation, in all diet groups. There was a sexually dimorphic diet effect on AS160 phosphorylation, with 35% CR exceeding AL for insulin-stimulated muscles in male rats, but not in female rats. Our working hypothesis is that the lack of a CR-effect on GU by insulin-stimulated muscles was related to the extended duration of the ex vivo incubation period (290 min compared to 40-50 min that was previously reported to be effective). The observed efficacy of prior treatment of muscles with AICAR to improve glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated muscles supports the strategy of targeting AMPK with the goal of improving insulin sensitivity in older females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dominic Thorley
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology LaboratorySchool of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Missong H, Joshi R, Khullar N, Thareja S, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Nutrient-epigenome interactions: Implications for personalized nutrition against aging-associated diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109592. [PMID: 38325612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process involving genetic and environmental interactions often resulting in epigenetic changes, potentially leading to aging-related diseases. Various strategies, like dietary interventions and calorie restrictions, have been employed to modify these epigenetic landscapes. A burgeoning field of interest focuses on the role of microbiota in human health, emphasizing system biology and computational approaches. These methods help decipher the intricate interplay between diet and gut microbiota, facilitating the creation of personalized nutrition strategies. In this review, we analysed the mechanisms related to nutritional interventions while highlighting the influence of dietary strategies, like calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, on microbial composition and function. We explore how gut microbiota affects the efficacy of interventions using tools like multi-omics data integration, network analysis, and machine learning. These tools enable us to pinpoint critical regulatory elements and generate individualized models for dietary responses. Lastly, we emphasize the need for a deeper comprehension of nutrient-epigenome interactions and the potential of personalized nutrition informed by individual genetic and epigenetic profiles. As knowledge and technology advance, dietary epigenetics stands on the cusp of reshaping our strategy against aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemi Missong
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Riya Joshi
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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13
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Le Couteur DG, Raubenheimer D, Solon-Biet S, de Cabo R, Simpson SJ. Does diet influence aging? Evidence from animal studies. J Intern Med 2024; 295:400-415. [PMID: 35701180 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition profoundly influences the risk for many age-related diseases. Whether nutrition influences human aging biology directly is less clear. Studies in different animal species indicate that reducing food intake ("caloric restriction" [CR]) can increase lifespan and delay the onset of diseases and the biological hallmarks of aging. Obesity has been described as "accelerated aging" and therefore the lifespan and health benefits generated by CR in both aging and obesity may occur via similar mechanisms. Beyond calorie intake, studies based on nutritional geometry have shown that protein intake and the interaction between dietary protein and carbohydrates influence age-related health and lifespan. Studies where animals are calorically restricted by providing free access to diluted diets have had less impact on lifespan than those studies where animals are given a reduced aliquot of food each day and are fasting between meals. This has drawn attention to the role of fasting in health and aging, and exploration of the health effects of various fasting regimes. Although definitive human clinical trials of nutrition and aging would need to be unfeasibly long and unrealistically controlled, there is good evidence from animal experiments that some nutritional interventions based on CR, manipulating dietary macronutrients, and fasting can influence aging biology and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Kowald A, Palmer D, Secci R, Fuellen G. Healthy Aging in Times of Extreme Temperatures: Biomedical Approaches. Aging Dis 2024; 15:601-611. [PMID: 37450930 PMCID: PMC10917539 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate extremes and rising energy prices present interconnected global health risks. Technical solutions can be supplemented with biomedical approaches to promote healthy longevity in hot and cold conditions. In summer, reducing basal metabolic rate through mild caloric restriction or CR mimetics, such as resveratrol, can potentially be used to lower body temperature. In winter, activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) for non-shivering thermogenesis and improved metabolic health can help adaptation to colder environments. Catechins found in green tea and in other food could be alternatives to drugs for these purposes. This review examines and discusses the biomedical evidence supporting the use of CR mimetics and BAT activators for health benefits amid increasingly extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kowald
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Secci
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Germany.
- Interdisziplinäre Fakultät, Department AGIS (Altern des Individuums und der Gesellschaft), Universität Rostock, Germany.
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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15
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Peng Y, Zhong Z, Huang C, Wang W. The effects of popular diets on bone health in the past decade: a narrative review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287140. [PMID: 38665424 PMCID: PMC11044027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health encompasses not only bone mineral density but also bone architecture and mechanical properties that can impact bone strength. While specific dietary interventions have been proposed to treat various diseases such as obesity and diabetes, their effects on bone health remain unclear. The aim of this review is to examine literature published in the past decade, summarize the effects of currently popular diets on bone health, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and provide solutions to neutralize the side effects. The diets discussed in this review include a ketogenic diet (KD), a Mediterranean diet (MD), caloric restriction (CR), a high-protein diet (HP), and intermittent fasting (IF). Although detrimental effects on bone health have been noticed in the KD and CR diets, it is still controversial, while the MD and HP diets have shown protective effects, and the effects of IF diets are still uncertain. The mechanism of these effects and the attenuation methods have gained attention and have been discussed in recent years: the KD diet interrupts energy balance and calcium metabolism, which reduces bone quality. Ginsenoside-Rb2, metformin, and simvastatin have been shown to attenuate bone loss during KD. The CR diet influences energy imbalance, glucocorticoid levels, and adipose tissue, causing bone loss. Adequate vitamin D and calcium supplementation and exercise training can attenuate these effects. The olive oil in the MD may be an effective component that protects bone health. HP diets also have components that protect bone health, but their mechanism requires further investigation. In IF, animal studies have shown detrimental effects on bone health, while human studies have not. Therefore, the effects of diets on bone health vary accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikang Zhong
- China Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Bareja A, Lee DE, Ho T, Waitt G, McKay LH, Hannou SA, Orenduff MC, McGreevy KM, Binder A, Ryan CP, Soderblom EJ, Belsky DW, Ferrucci L, Das JK, Banskota N, Kraus VB, Huebner JL, Kraus WE, Huffman KM, Baht GS, Horvath S, Parmer RJ, Miles LA, White JP. Liver-derived plasminogen mediates muscle stem cell expansion during caloric restriction through the plasminogen receptor Plg-R KT. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113881. [PMID: 38442019 PMCID: PMC11075744 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An intriguing effect of short-term caloric restriction (CR) is the expansion of certain stem cell populations, including muscle stem cells (satellite cells), which facilitate an accelerated regenerative program after injury. Here, we utilized the MetRSL274G (MetRS) transgenic mouse to identify liver-secreted plasminogen as a candidate for regulating satellite cell expansion during short-term CR. Knockdown of circulating plasminogen prevents satellite cell expansion during short-term CR. Furthermore, loss of the plasminogen receptor KT (Plg-RKT) is also sufficient to prevent CR-related satellite cell expansion, consistent with direct signaling of plasminogen through the plasminogen receptor Plg-RKT/ERK kinase to promote proliferation of satellite cells. Importantly, we are able to replicate many of these findings in human participants from the CALERIE trial. Our results demonstrate that CR enhances liver protein secretion of plasminogen, which signals directly to the muscle satellite cell through Plg-RKT to promote proliferation and subsequent muscle resilience during CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Bareja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - David E Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tricia Ho
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Greg Waitt
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren H McKay
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Melissa C Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kristen M McGreevy
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Binder
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calen P Ryan
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jayanta Kumar Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gurpreet S Baht
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Computational Biology and Genomics Core, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Parmer
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey A Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James P White
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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17
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Dietary approaches for exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189062. [PMID: 38158024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Renewed interest in tumor metabolism sparked an enthusiasm for dietary interventions to prevent and treat cancer. Changes in diet impact circulating nutrient levels in the plasma and the tumor microenvironment, and preclinical studies suggest that dietary approaches, including caloric and nutrient restrictions, can modulate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancers are heterogeneous in their metabolic dependencies and preferred energy sources and can be addicted to glucose, fructose, amino acids, or lipids for survival and growth. This dependence is influenced by tumor type, anatomical location, tissue of origin, aberrant signaling, and the microenvironment. This review summarizes nutrient dependencies and the related signaling pathway activations that provide targets for nutritional interventions. We examine popular dietary approaches used as adjuvants to anticancer therapies, encompassing caloric restrictions, including time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and nutrient restrictions, notably the ketogenic diet. Despite promising results, much of the knowledge on dietary restrictions comes from in vitro and animal studies, which may not accurately reflect real-life situations. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration, timing, safety, and efficacy of dietary restrictions for different cancers and treatments. In addition, well-designed human trials are necessary to establish the link between specific metabolic vulnerabilities and targeted dietary interventions. However, low patient compliance in clinical trials remains a significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Chen SY, Telfser AJ, Olzomer EM, Vancuylenberg CS, Zhou M, Beretta M, Li C, Alexopoulos SJ, Turner N, Byrne FL, Santos W, Hoehn KL. Beneficial effects of simultaneously targeting calorie intake and calorie efficiency in diet-induced obese mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:173-187. [PMID: 38315575 PMCID: PMC10876416 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Semaglutide is an anti-diabetes and weight loss drug that decreases food intake, slows gastric emptying, and increases insulin secretion. Patients begin treatment with low-dose semaglutide and increase dosage over time as efficacy plateaus. With increasing dosage, there is also greater incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. One reason for the plateau in semaglutide efficacy despite continued low food intake is due to compensatory actions whereby the body becomes more metabolically efficient to defend against further weight loss. Mitochondrial uncoupler drugs decrease metabolic efficiency, therefore we sought to investigate the combination therapy of semaglutide with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 in diet-induced obese mice. Mice were fed high-fat western diet (WD) and stratified into six treatment groups including WD control, BAM15, low-dose semaglutide without or with BAM15, and high-dose semaglutide without or with BAM15. Combining BAM15 with either semaglutide dose decreased body fat and liver triglycerides, which was not achieved by any monotherapy, while high-dose semaglutide with BAM15 had the greatest effect on glucose homeostasis. This study demonstrates a novel approach to improve weight loss without loss of lean mass and improve glucose control by simultaneously targeting energy intake and energy efficiency. Such a combination may decrease the need for semaglutide dose escalation and hence minimize potential gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aiden J. Telfser
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M. Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Calum S. Vancuylenberg
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J. Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L. Byrne
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:408-446. [PMID: 38214973 PMCID: PMC10853939 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent research related to antiaging strategies and treatments. We review the recent advances and delineate trends in research headway of antiaging knowledge and practice across time, geography, and development pipelines. We further assess the state-of-the-art antiaging approaches and explore their correlations with age-related diseases. The landscape of antiaging drugs has been outlined and explored. Well-recognized and novel, currently evaluated antiaging agents have also been summarized. Finally, we review clinical applications of antiaging products with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on preventive strategies and treatment remedies in the field of aging, to outline challenges and evaluate growth opportunities, in order to further efforts to solve the problems that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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20
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Martín-Vírgala J, Martín-Carro B, Fernández-Villabrille S, Ruiz-Torres MP, Gómez-Alonso C, Rodríguez-García M, Fernández-Martín JL, Alonso-Montes C, Panizo S, Cannata-Andía JB, Naves-Díaz M, Carrillo-López N. Soluble Klotho, a Potential Biomarker of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorders Involved in Healthy Ageing: Lights and Shadows. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1843. [PMID: 38339121 PMCID: PMC10855561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of Klotho, interest grew in its potential role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are three isoforms of the Klotho protein: αKlotho, βKlotho and γKlotho. This review will focus on αKlotho due to its relevance as a biomarker in CKD. αKlotho is synthesized mainly in the kidneys, but it can be released into the bloodstream and urine as soluble Klotho (sKlotho), which undertakes systemic actions, independently or in combination with FGF23. It is usually accepted that sKlotho levels are reduced early in CKD and that lower levels of sKlotho might be associated with the main chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBDs): cardiovascular and bone disease. However, as results are inconsistent, the applicability of sKlotho as a CKD-MBD biomarker is still a matter of controversy. Much of the inconsistency can be explained due to low sample numbers, the low quality of clinical studies, the lack of standardized assays to assess sKlotho and a lack of consensus on sample processing, especially in urine. In recent decades, because of our longer life expectancies, the prevalence of accelerated-ageing diseases, such as CKD, has increased. Exercise, social interaction and caloric restriction are considered key factors for healthy ageing. While exercise and social interaction seem to be related to higher serum sKlotho levels, it is not clear whether serum sKlotho might be influenced by caloric restriction. This review focuses on the possible role of sKlotho as a biomarker in CKD-MBD, highlighting the difference between solid knowledge and areas requiring further research, including the role of sKlotho in healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Piedad Ruiz-Torres
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Área 5—Fisiología y Fisiopatología Renal y Vascular del Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Physiology Unit, Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Alonso
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Minerva Rodríguez-García
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Panizo
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge B. Cannata-Andía
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Metabolismo Óseo, Vascular y Enfermedades Inflamatorias Crónicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS2040, Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Aversa Z, White TA, Heeren AA, Hulshizer CA, Saul D, Zhang X, Molina AJA, Redman LM, Martin CK, Racette SB, Huffman KM, Bhapkar M, Khosla S, Das SK, Fielding RA, Atkinson EJ, LeBrasseur NK. Calorie restriction reduces biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14038. [PMID: 37961856 PMCID: PMC10861196 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) with adequate nutrient intake is a potential geroprotective intervention. To advance this concept in humans, we tested the hypothesis that moderate CR in healthy young-to-middle-aged individuals would reduce circulating biomarkers of cellular senescence, a fundamental mechanism of aging and aging-related conditions. Using plasma specimens from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 2 study, we found that CR significantly reduced the concentrations of several senescence biomarkers at 12 and 24 months compared to an ad libitum diet. Using machine learning, changes in biomarker concentrations emerged as important predictors of the change in HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity index at 12 and 24 months, and the change in resting metabolic rate residual at 12 months. Finally, using adipose tissue RNA-sequencing data from a subset of participants, we observed a significant reduction in a senescence-focused gene set in response to CR at both 12 and 24 months compared to baseline. Our results advance the understanding of the effects of CR in humans and further support a link between cellular senescence and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Aversa
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Thomas A. White
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Amanda A. Heeren
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Dominik Saul
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryEberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Trauma Center TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Program in Physical TherapyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Molecular Physiology Institute, School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Manjushri Bhapkar
- Duke Clinical Research Institute and Molecular Physiology Institute, School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of EndocrinologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Energy Metabolism Team, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Roger A. Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Nathan K. LeBrasseur
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging at Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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22
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James DL, Hawley NA, Mohr AE, Hermer J, Ofori E, Yu F, Sears DD. Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38276554 PMCID: PMC10820472 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) are dietary strategies to prevent and attenuate obesity associated with conditions and aging-related outcomes. This scoping review examined the cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcome differences between IF and CR interventions among adults. We applied a systematic approach to scope published randomized controlled trials (databases: PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception through August 2023. The initial search provided 389 unique articles which were critically appraised. Thirty articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion: 12 were IF, 10 were CR, and 8 were combined IF and CR interventions. IF and CR were associated with weight loss; however, IF studies tended to report greater adherence compared with CR. Overall, IF and CR were equivalently effective across cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcomes. Our findings suggest that IF has health benefits in a variety of conditions and may be better accepted and tolerated than CR, but more comparative research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara L. James
- Edson College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
| | - Alex E. Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Janice Hermer
- Arizona State University Library, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Edward Ofori
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
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23
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Erlandson KM, Mohaweche R, Morrow M, Mawhinney S, Khuu V, Boyd M, Balasubramanyam A, Melanson EL, Lake JE. Energy balance and body composition after switch between integrase strand transfer inhibitors and doravirine among people with HIV. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:179-185. [PMID: 38000089 PMCID: PMC10761240 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with excessive weight gain among a subset of persons with HIV (PWH), due to unclear mechanisms. We assessed energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE) following switch off and onto INSTIs. METHODS PWH with >10% weight gain on an INSTI-based regimen switched INSTI to doravirine for 12 weeks, then back to INSTI for 12 weeks while keeping their remaining regimen stable. Twenty-four-hour EE, EI and weight were measured on INSTI, following switch to doravirine, and upon INSTI restart. Mixed models analysed changes over time. RESULTS Among 18 participants, unadjusted 24 h EE decreased by 83 (95% CI -181 to 14) kcal following switch to doravirine, and by 2 (-105 to 100) kcal after INSTI restart; energy balance (EE-EI) increased by 266 (-126 to 658) kcal from Week 0 to Week 12, and decreased by 3 (-429 to 423) kcal from Week 12 to Week 24. Trends toward weight loss occurred following switch to doravirine [mean -1.25 (-3.18 to 0.69) kg] and when back on INSTI [-0.47 (-2.45 to 1.52) kg]. Trunk fat decreased on doravirine [-474 (-1398 to 449) g], with some regain following INSTI restart [199 (-747 to 1145) g]. Fat-free mass decreased on doravirine [-491 (-1399 to 417) g] and increased slightly after INSTI restart [178 (-753 to 1108) g]. CONCLUSIONS Among PWH with >10% weight gain on an INSTI, switch to doravirine was associated with a trend towards decreases in 24 h EE, weight, trunk fat mass and fat-free mass. Observed changes were not significant, but suggest a mild weight-suppressive effect of doravirine among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruda Mohaweche
- Department of Medicine, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Morrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Samantha Mawhinney
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Khuu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mallory Boyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Edward L Melanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Department of Medicine, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Bartke A, Hascup E, Hascup K. Responses to Many Anti-Aging Interventions Are Sexually Dimorphic. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:29-38. [PMID: 37118966 PMCID: PMC10782120 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that sex differences are not limited to reproductive organs or traits related to reproduction and that sex is an important biological variable in most characteristics of a living organism. The biological process of aging and aging-related traits are no exception and exhibit numerous, often major, sex differences. This article explores one aspect of these differences, namely sex differences in the responses to anti-aging interventions. Aging can be slowed down and/or postponed by a variety of environmental ("lifestyle"), genetic or pharmacological interventions. Although many, particularly older studies utilized only one sex of experimental animals, there is considerable evidence that responses to these interventions can be very different in females and males. Calorie restriction (CR), that is reducing food intake without malnutrition can extend longevity in both sexes, but specific metabolic alterations and health benefits induced by CR are not the same in women and men. In laboratory mice, several of the genetic alterations that reduce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) signaling extend longevity more effectively in females or in females only. Beneficial effects of rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling, on mouse longevity are greater in females. In contrast, several anti-aging compounds, including a weak estrogen, 17 alpha estradiol, extend longevity of male, but not female, mice. Apparently, fundamental mechanisms of aging are not identical in females and males and it is essential to use both sexes in studies aimed at identifying novel anti-aging interventions. Recommendations for lifestyle modifications, drugs, and dietary supplements to maintain good health and functionality into advanced age and to live longer will likely need to be tailored to the sex of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Erin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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25
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Cogut V, McNeely TL, Bussian TJ, Graves SI, Baker DJ. Caloric Restriction Improves Spatial Learning Deficits in Tau Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:925-940. [PMID: 38517786 PMCID: PMC11068089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Caloric restriction (CR) has been recognized for its benefits in delaying age-related diseases and extending lifespan. While its effects on amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models are well-documented, its effects on tauopathy, another hallmark of AD, are less explored. Objective To assess the impact of a short-term 30% CR regimen on age-dependent spatial learning deficits and pathological features in a tauopathy mouse model. Methods We subjected male PS19 tau P301S (hereafter PS19) and age-matched wildtype mice from two age cohorts (4.5 and 7.5 months old) to a 6-week 30% CR regimen. Spatial learning performance was assessed using the Barnes Maze test. Tau pathology, neuroinflammation, hippocampal cell proliferation, and neurogenesis were evaluated in the older cohort by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. Results CR mitigated age-dependent spatial learning deficits in PS19 mice but exhibited limited effects on tau pathology and the associated neuroinflammation. Additionally, we found a decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation, predominantly of Iba1+ cells. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the cognitive benefits conferred by CR despite its limited modulation of disease pathology. Given the pivotal role of microglia in tau-driven pathology, the observed reduction in Iba1+ cells under CR suggests potential therapeutic implications, particularly if CR would be introduced early in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cogut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Taylor L. McNeely
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tyler J. Bussian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sara I. Graves
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Shimokawa I. Mechanisms underlying retardation of aging by dietary energy restriction. Pathol Int 2023; 73:579-592. [PMID: 37975408 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Moderate restriction of dietary energy intake, referred to here as dietary restriction (DR), delays aging and extends lifespan in experimental animals compared with a diet of ad libitum feeding (AL) control animals. Basic knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects of DR could be applicable to extending the healthspan in humans. This review highlights the importance of forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors downstream of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in the effects of DR. Our lifespan studies in mice with heterozygous Foxo1 or Foxo3 gene knockout indicated differential roles of FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the tumor-inhibiting and life-extending effects of DR. Subsequent studies suggested a critical role of FoxO3 in metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetic adaptation to DR. Our studies also verified hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) as a vital neuropeptide showing pleiotropic and sexually dimorphic effects for extending the healthspan in the context of nutritional availability. Npy was necessary for DR to exert its effects in male and female mice; meanwhile, under AL conditions, the loss of Npy prevented obesity and insulin resistance only in female mice. Overnutrition disrupts FoxO- and Npy-associated metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetic adaptive processes, causing the acceleration of aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology I, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- SAGL, LLC, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Allison MA, Laddu D, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Van Horn L, Wild RA, Banack HR, Tabung FK, Haring B, Sun Y, LeBlanc ES, Wactawski-Wende J, LeBoff MS, Naughton MJ, Luo J, Schnatz PF, Natale G, Ostfeld RJ, LaCroix AZ. Association of Later-Life Weight Changes With Survival to Ages 90, 95, and 100: The Women's Health Initiative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2264-2273. [PMID: 37642339 PMCID: PMC10692416 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of weight changes and intentionality of weight loss with longevity are not well described. METHODS Using longitudinal data from the Women's Health Initiative (N = 54 437; 61-81 years), we examined associations of weight changes and intentionality of weight loss with survival to ages 90, 95, and 100. Weight was measured at baseline, year 3, and year 10, and participants were classified as having weight loss (≥5% decrease from baseline), weight gain (≥5% increase from baseline), or stable weight (<5% change from baseline). Participants reported intentionality of weight loss at year 3. RESULTS A total of 30 647 (56.3%) women survived to ≥90 years. After adjustment for relevant covariates, 3-year weight loss of ≥5% vs stable weight was associated with lower odds of survival to ages 90 (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64-0.71), 95 (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.60-0.71), and 100 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.78). Compared to intentional weight loss, unintentional weight loss was more strongly associated with lower odds of survival to age 90 (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.94 and OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.44-0.55, respectively). Three-year weight gain of ≥5% vs stable weight was not associated with survival to age 90, 95, or 100. The pattern of results was similar among normal weight, overweight, and obese women in body mass index (BMI)-stratified analyses. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss of ≥5% vs stable weight was associated with lower odds of longevity, more strongly for unintentional weight loss than for intentional weight loss. Potential inaccuracy of self-reported intentionality of weight loss and residual confounding were limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Wild
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hailey R Banack
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bernhard Haring
- Department of Medicine III, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo – SUNY, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter F Schnatz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital/Tower Health, West Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ginny Natale
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Ostfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Das JK, Banskota N, Candia J, Griswold ME, Orenduff M, de Cabo R, Corcoran DL, Das SK, De S, Huffman KM, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Martin C, Racette SB, Redman LM, Schilling B, Belsky D, Ferrucci L. Calorie restriction modulates the transcription of genes related to stress response and longevity in human muscle: The CALERIE study. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13963. [PMID: 37823711 PMCID: PMC10726900 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lifespan extension induced by 40% caloric restriction (CR) in rodents is accompanied by postponement of disease, preservation of function, and increased stress resistance. Whether CR elicits the same physiological and molecular responses in humans remains mostly unexplored. In the CALERIE study, 12% CR for 2 years in healthy humans induced minor losses of muscle mass (leg lean mass) without changes of muscle strength, but mechanisms for muscle quality preservation remained unclear. We performed high-depth RNA-Seq (387-618 million paired reads) on human vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected from the CALERIE participants at baseline, 12- and 24-month follow-up from the 90 CALERIE participants randomized to CR and "ad libitum" control. Using linear mixed effect model, we identified protein-coding genes and splicing variants whose expression was significantly changed in the CR group compared to controls, including genes related to proteostasis, circadian rhythm regulation, DNA repair, mitochondrial biogenesis, mRNA processing/splicing, FOXO3 metabolism, apoptosis, and inflammation. Changes in some of these biological pathways mediated part of the positive effect of CR on muscle quality. Differentially expressed splicing variants were associated with change in pathways shown to be affected by CR in model organisms. Two years of sustained CR in humans positively affected skeletal muscle quality, and impacted gene expression and splicing profiles of biological pathways affected by CR in model organisms, suggesting that attainable levels of CR in a lifestyle intervention can benefit muscle health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Das
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Computational Biology and Genomics CoreNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julián Candia
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Melissa Orenduff
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translation Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Energy Metabolism, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on AgingTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology and Genomics CoreNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kim Marie Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology & Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translation Gerontology BranchNational Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Stoner L, Higgins S, Paterson C. The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1243-H1263. [PMID: 37737729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This review proposes a biologically plausible working model for the relationship between the 24-h activity cycle (24-HAC) and cardiovascular disease. The 24-HAC encompasses moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. MVPA confers the greatest relative cardioprotective effect, when considering MVPA represents just 2% of the day if physical activity guidelines (30 min/day) are met. While we have well-established guidelines for MVPA, those for the remaining activity behaviors are vague. The vague guidelines are attributable to our limited mechanistic understanding of the independent and additive effects of these behaviors on the cardiovascular system. Our proposed biological model places arterial stiffness, a measure of vascular aging, as the key intermediate outcome. Starting with prolonged exposure to SB or static standing, we propose that the reported transient increases in arterial stiffness are driven by a cascade of negative hemodynamic effects following venous pooling. The subsequent autonomic, metabolic, and hormonal changes further impair vascular function. Vascular dysfunction can be offset by using mechanistic-informed interruption strategies and by engaging in protective behaviors throughout the day. Physical activity, especially MVPA, can confer protection by chronically improving endothelial function and associated protective mechanisms. Conversely, poor sleep, especially in duration and quality, negatively affects hormonal, metabolic, autonomic, and hemodynamic variables that can confound the physiological responses to next-day activity behaviors. Our hope is that the proposed biologically plausible working model will assist in furthering our understanding of the effects of these complex, interrelated activity behaviors on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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30
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Das SK, Silver RE, Senior A, Gilhooly CH, Bhapkar M, Le Couteur D. Diet composition, adherence to calorie restriction, and cardiometabolic disease risk modification. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14018. [PMID: 37873687 PMCID: PMC10726801 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a promising approach for attenuating the risk of age-related disease. However, the role of diet composition on adherence to CR and the effects of CR on cardiometabolic markers of healthspan remains unknown. We used the Geometric Framework for Nutrition approach to examine the association between macronutrient composition and CR adherence during the 2-year CALERIE trial. Adult participants without obesity were randomized to a 25% CR intervention or an ad libitum intake control. Correlations of cardiometabolic risk factors with macronutrient composition and standard dietary pattern indices [Alternate Mediterranean Diet Index (aMED), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)] were also evaluated by Spearman's correlation at each time point. The mean age was 38.1 ± 7.2 years at baseline and the mean BMI was 25.1 ± 1.7. The study population was 70% female. The CR group, but not the control, consumed a higher percentage reported energy intake from protein and carbohydrate and lower fat at 12 months compared to baseline; comparable results were observed at 24 months. Protein in the background of higher carbohydrate intake was associated with greater adherence at 24 months. There was no correlation between macronutrient composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in the CR group. However, statistically significant correlations were observed for the DII and HEI. These findings suggest that individual self-selected macronutrients have an interactive but not independent role in CR adherence. Additional research is required to examine the impact of varying macronutrient compositions on adherence to CR and resultant modification to cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rachel E. Silver
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alistair Senior
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Precision Data Science CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cheryl H. Gilhooly
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Manjushri Bhapkar
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord RG HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- ANZAC Research InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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31
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Hall KD. Physiology of the Weight Loss Plateau after Calorie Restriction, GLP-1 Receptor Agonism, and Bariatric Surgery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.05.565699. [PMID: 38076965 PMCID: PMC10705578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.565699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate why different weight loss interventions result in varying durations of weight loss prior to approaching plateaus. Methods A validated mathematical model of energy balance and body composition dynamics was used to simulate mean weight loss trajectories in response to intensive calorie restriction, semaglutide 2.4 mg, tirzepatide 10 mg, and Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery interventions. Each intervention was simulated by varying two model parameters affecting energy intake to fit the observed mean weight loss data. One parameter represented the persistent magnitude of the intervention to shift the system from baseline equilibrium and the other parameter represented the strength of the feedback control circuit relating weight loss to increased appetite. Results RYGB surgery resulted in a persistent intervention magnitude more than 4-fold greater than calorie restriction and about double that of tirzepatide and semaglutide. All interventions except calorie restriction substantially weakened the appetite feedback control circuit resulting in an extended period of weight loss prior to the plateau. Conclusions These preliminary mathematical modeling results suggest that both GLP-1 receptor agonism and RYGB surgery interventions act to weaken the appetite feedback control circuit regulating body weight and induce greater persistent effects to shift the body weight equilibrium as compared to intensive calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
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32
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DeBlauw JA, Churchill AI, Yunda BC, Kotarsky CJ, Caldwell A, Ives SJ. The effects of short-term caloric restriction on cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese men and women: A single-arm trial. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15856. [PMID: 37985125 PMCID: PMC10659943 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Caloric restriction (CR) have been investigated but little is known about the acute effects of CR and often such diets are not standardized. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of a new standardized 3-day CR diet (590 kcal/d intake) on cardiometabolic health in weight-stable Ow/Ob individuals. In a single-arm design, 15 Ow/Ob men and women were assessed pre-post a 3-day standardized CR diet; specifically, body weight/composition (%body fat, visceral fat score (Vfs), blood pressure (BP), and vascular stiffness (VS), resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate utilization (respiratory quotient, RQ), and blood glucose/lipid profile). CR lowered body weight (93.1 ± 15.2 to 90.67 ± 14.4 kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), %fat (37.2 ± 7.5 to 35.8 ± 7.5%, p = 0.002, d = 1.1), and Vfs (13.1 ± 4.5 to 12.2 ± 3.9 a.u., p = 0.002, d = 1.1), but not body water (46.3 ± 3.6 to 46.0 ± 3.6%, p = 0.29). CR lowered VS (29.8 ± 17.5 to 21.5 ± 14.5%, p = 0.05, d = 0.6), but not BP (p > 0.05). Blood glucose (86 ± 7 to 84 ± 11 mg/dL, p = 0.33) and lipids (total cholesterol (196 ± 49 to 203 ± 54 mg/dL, p = 0.16) and TC/HDL (4.9 ± 2.4 to 6.1 ± 4.7, p = 0.13)) were unchanged. RQ decreased with CR (0.84 ± 0.01 to 0.76 ± 0.00, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), though REE was unchanged (p = 0.83). The 3-day CR diet significantly improved fat metabolism, body weight and composition, and vascular stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. DeBlauw
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Anna I. Churchill
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Brigitte C. Yunda
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Abigail Caldwell
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
| | - Stephen J. Ives
- Health and Human Physiological SciencesSkidmore CollegeSaratoga SpringsNew YorkUSA
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Ryu S, Spadaro O, Sidorov S, Lee AH, Caprio S, Morrison C, Smith SR, Ravussin E, Shchukina I, Artyomov MN, Youm YH, Dixit VD. Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome activation and obesity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169173. [PMID: 37781916 PMCID: PMC10541189 DOI: 10.1172/jci169173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression in adipose tissue. Inducible SPARC downregulation in adult mice mimicked CR's effects on lowering adiposity by regulating energy expenditure. Deletion of SPARC in adipocytes was sufficient to protect mice against HFD-induced adiposity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, SPARC activates the NLRP3 inflammasome at the priming step and downregulation of SPARC lowers macrophage inflammation in adipose tissue, while excess SPARC activated macrophages via JNK signaling. Collectively, reduction of adipocyte-derived SPARC confers CR-like metabolic and antiinflammatory benefits in obesity by serving as an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Olga Spadaro
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aileen H. Lee
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hahm JH, Seo HD, Jung CH, Ahn J. Longevity through diet restriction and immunity. BMB Rep 2023; 56:537-544. [PMID: 37482753 PMCID: PMC10618078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The share of the population that is aging is growing rapidly. In an aging society, technologies and interventions that delay the aging process are of great interest. Dietary restriction (DR) is the most reproducible and effective nutritional intervention tested to date for delaying the aging process and prolonging the health span in animal models. Preventive effects of DR on age-related diseases have also been reported in human. In addition, highly conserved signaling pathways from small animal models to human mediate the effects of DR. Recent evidence has shown that the immune system is closely related to the effects of DR, and functions as a major mechanism of DR in healthy aging. This review discusses the effects of DR in delaying aging and preventing age-related diseases in animal, including human, and introduces the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects. In addition, it reports scientific findings on the relationship between the immune system and DRinduced longevity. The review highlights the role of immunity as a potential mediator of the effects of DR on longevity, and provides insights into healthy aging in human. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 537-544].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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35
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Elias A, Padinjakara N, Lautenschlager NT. Effects of intermittent fasting on cognitive health and Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1225-1233. [PMID: 37043764 PMCID: PMC10413426 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caloric restriction by intermittent fasting produces several metabolic changes, such as increased insulin sensitivity and use of ketone bodies as energy sources. In humans, intermittent fasting has been studied in hypertension, diabetes, and related conditions, but, to date, not as a strategy to reduce the risk of emergent dementia. In this scoping review, the relevance of intermittent fasting as a potential preventive intervention for Alzheimer's dementia is explored. BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of calorie restriction have been documented in animals and humans. Decreased oxidative stress damage and attenuated inflammatory responses are associated with intermittent fasting. These changes have a favorable impact on the vascular endothelium and stress-induced cellular adaptation. RESULTS Physiological alterations associated with fasting have profound implications for pathological mechanisms associated with dementias, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Compared with ad libitum feeding, caloric restriction in animals was associated with a reduction in β-amyloid accumulation, which is the cardinal pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated synaptic adaptations in the hippocampus and enhanced cognitive function after fasting, consistent with these theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, vascular dysfunction plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease pathology, and intermittent fasting promotes vascular health. CONCLUSIONS These observations lead to a hypothesis that intermittent fasting over the years will potentially reverse or delay the pathological process in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alby Elias
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noushad Padinjakara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, South Warwickshire University NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Li X, McPherson M, Hager M, Lee M, Chang P, Miller RA. Four anti-aging drugs and calorie-restricted diet produce parallel effects in fat, brain, muscle, macrophages, and plasma of young mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:2495-2510. [PMID: 36920743 PMCID: PMC10651632 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Average and maximal lifespan can be increased in mice, in one or both sexes, by four drugs: rapamycin, acarbose, 17a-estradiol, and canagliflozin. We show here that these four drugs, as well as a calorie-restricted diet, can induce a common set of changes in fat, macrophages, plasma, muscle, and brain when evaluated in young adults at 12 months of age. These shared traits include an increase in uncoupling protein UCP1 in brown fat and in subcutaneous and intra-abdominal white fat, a decline in proinflammatory M1 macrophages and corresponding increase in anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, an increase in muscle fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleavage product irisin, and higher levels of doublecortin (DCX) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain. Each of these proteins is thought to play a role in one or more age-related diseases, including metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that the same suite of changes is seen in each of four varieties of slow-aging single-gene mutant mice. We propose that these changes may be a part of a shared common pathway that is seen in slow-aging mice whether the delayed aging is due to a mutation, a low-calorie diet, or a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, RoomAnn Arbor, MI, 316048109-2200, USA.
| | - Madaline McPherson
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary Hager
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- College of Literature, Science, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, RoomAnn Arbor, MI, 316048109-2200, USA
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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37
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Dent R, Harris N, van Walraven C. Validity of two weight prediction models for community-living patients participating in a weight loss program. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11629. [PMID: 37468655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Models predicting individual body weights over time clarify patient expectations in weight loss programs. The accuracy of two commonly used weight prediction models in community living people is unclear. All eligible people entering a weight management program between 1992 and 2015 were included. Patients' diet was 1200 kcal/day for week 0 followed by 900 kcal/day for weeks 1-7 and were excluded from the analysis if they were nonadherent. We generated expected weights using the National Institutes of Health Body Weight Planner (NIH-BWP) and the Pennington Biomedical Research Center Weight Loss Predictor (PBRC-WLP). 3703 adherent people were included (mean age 46 years, 72.6% women, mean [SD] weight 262.3 pounds [54.2], mean [SD] BMI 42.4 [7.6]). Mean (SD) relative body weight differences (100*[observed-expected]/expected) for NIH-BWP and PBRC-WLP models was - 1.5% (3.8) and - 2.9% (3.2), respectively. At week 7, mean squared error with NIH-BWP (98.8, 83%CI 89.7-108.8) was significantly lower than that with PBRC-WLP (117.7, 83%CI 112.4-123.4). Notable variation in relative weight difference were seen (for NIH-BWP, 5th-95th percentile was - 6.2%, + 3.7%; Δ 9.9%). During the first 7 weeks of a weight loss program, both weight prediction models returned expected weights that were very close to observed values with the NIH-BWP being more accurate. However, notable variability between expected and observed weights in individual patients were seen. Clinicians can monitor patients in weight loss programs by comparing their progress with these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dent
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Neil Harris
- Weight Management Clinic, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carl van Walraven
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, University of Ottawa, ASB1-003 1053, Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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38
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Gonçalinho GHF, Kuwabara KL, Faria NFDO, Goes MFDS, Roggerio A, Avakian SD, Strunz CMC, Mansur ADP. Sirtuin 1 and Vascular Function in Healthy Women and Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effects of Energy Restriction and Resveratrol. Nutrients 2023; 15:2949. [PMID: 37447275 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been associated with longevity and protection against cardiometabolic diseases, but little is known about how it influences human vascular function. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of SIRT1 activation by resveratrol and energy restriction on vascular reactivity in adults. Methods: A randomized trial allocated 48 healthy adults (24 women and 24 men), aged 55 to 65 years, to resveratrol supplementation or energy restriction for 30 days. Blood lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, noradrenaline, SIRT1 (circulating and gene expression), and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated vasodilation (NMD) were measured. Results: Both interventions increased circulating SIRT1 (p < 0.001). Pre- and post-tests changes of plasma noradrenaline were significant for both groups (resveratrol: p = 0.037; energy restriction: p = 0.008). Baseline circulating SIRT1 was inversely correlated with noradrenaline (r = -0.508; p < 0.01), and post-treatment circulating SIRT1 was correlated with NMD (r = 0.433; p < 0.01). Circulating SIRT1 was a predictor of FMD in men (p = 0.045), but not in women. SIRT1 was an independent predictor of NMD (p = 0.026) only in the energy restriction group. Conclusions: Energy restriction and resveratrol increased circulating SIRT1 and reduced sympathetic activity similarly in healthy adults. SIRT1 was independently associated with NMD only in the energy restriction group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Serviço de Prevenção, Cardiopatia da Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Lika Kuwabara
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Serviço de Prevenção, Cardiopatia da Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Ferreira de Oliveira Faria
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Serviço de Prevenção, Cardiopatia da Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Fernandes da Silva Goes
- Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Roggerio
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Solange Desirée Avakian
- Unidade Clínica de Cardiopatias Valvares, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Cassaro Strunz
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio de Padua Mansur
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Serviço de Prevenção, Cardiopatia da Mulher e Reabilitação Cardiovascular, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
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Rosen RS, Yarmush ML. Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:363-385. [PMID: 37289554 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
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Ng JCM, Schooling CM. Effect of basal metabolic rate on lifespan: a sex-specific Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7761. [PMID: 37173352 PMCID: PMC10182013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Observationally, the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) with mortality is mixed, although some ageing theories suggest that higher BMR should reduce lifespan. It remains unclear whether a causal association exists. In this one-sample Mendelian randomization study, we aimed to estimate the casual effect of BMR on parental attained age, a proxy for lifespan, using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods. We obtained genetic variants strongly (p-value < 5 × 10-8) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting BMR from the UK Biobank and applied them to a genome-wide association study of parental attained age based on the UK Biobank. We meta-analyzed genetic variant-specific Wald ratios using inverse-variance weighting with multiplicative random effects by sex, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. A total of 178 and 180 genetic variants predicting BMR in men and women were available for father's and mother's attained age, respectively. Genetically predicted BMR was inversely associated with father's and mother's attained age (years of life lost per unit increase in effect size of genetically predicted BMR, 0.46 and 1.36; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.85 and 0.89-1.82), with a stronger association in women than men. In conclusion, higher BMR might reduce lifespan. The underlying pathways linking to major causes of death and relevant interventions warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C M Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA. Turning Back the Clock: A Retrospective Single-Blind Study on Brain Age Change in Response to Nutraceuticals Supplementation vs. Lifestyle Modifications. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030520. [PMID: 36979330 PMCID: PMC10046544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual's risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate predictor of mortality than actual CA. In this context, BA measures the "true" age, which is an integrated result of an individual's level of damage accumulation across all levels of biological organization, along with preserved resources. The BA is plastic and depends upon epigenetics. Brain state is an important factor contributing to health- and lifespan. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)-derived brain BA (BBA) is a suitable and promising measure of brain aging. In the present study, we aimed to show that BBA can be decelerated or even reversed in humans (N = 89) by using customized programs of nutraceutical compounds or lifestyle changes (mean duration = 13 months). RESULTS We observed that BBA was younger than CA in both groups at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the BBA of the participants in the nutraceuticals group was 2.83 years younger at the endpoint of the intervention compared with their BBA score at the beginning of the intervention, while the BBA of the participants in the lifestyle group was only 0.02 years younger at the end of the intervention. These results were accompanied by improvements in mental-physical health comorbidities in both groups. The pre-intervention BBA score and the sex of the participants were considered confounding factors and analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the obtained results support the feasibility of the goal of this study and also provide the first robust evidence that halting and reversal of brain aging are possible in humans within a reasonable (practical) timeframe of approximately one year.
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Wei JH, Lee WJ, Luo JL, Huang HL, Wang SC, Chou RH, Huang PH, Lin SJ. Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Offers Protection against Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065669. [PMID: 36982743 PMCID: PMC10051344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery reduces body weight, enhances metabolic and diabetic control, and improves outcomes on obesity-related comorbidities. However, the mechanisms mediating this protection against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. We investigated the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on vascular protection in response to shear stress-induced atherosclerosis using an overweighted and carotid artery ligation mouse model. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for two weeks to induce weight gain and dysmetabolism. SG was performed in HFD-fed mice. Two weeks after the SG procedure, partial carotid-artery ligation was performed to promote disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis. Compared with the control mice, HFD-fed wild-type mice exhibited increased body weight, total cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, and enhanced insulin resistance; SG significantly reversed these adverse effects. As expected, HFD-fed mice exhibited greater neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic plaques than the control group, and the SG procedure attenuated HFD-promoted ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia and arterial elastin fragmentation. Besides, HFD promoted ligation-induced macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. SG significantly reduced the above-mentioned effects. Moreover, HFD restriction partially reversed the intimal hyperplasia caused by carotid artery ligation; however, this protective effect was significantly lower than that observed in SG-operated mice. Our study demonstrated that HFD deteriorates shear stress-induced atherosclerosis and SG mitigates vascular remodeling, and this protective effect was not comparable in HFD restriction group. These findings provide a rationale for using bariatric surgery to counter atherosclerosis in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Hua Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Lin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (J.-H.W.)
| | - Hsin-Lei Huang
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chih Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsing Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7374; Fax: +886-2-2875-7375
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Grande de França NA, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, de Souto Barreto P. The role of dietary strategies in the modulation of hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101908. [PMID: 36905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of aging constitute an interconnected network of basic mechanisms that modulate aging and can be modulated by lifestyle factors, including dietary strategies. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence on promoting dietary restriction or adherence to specific dietary patterns on hallmarks of aging. Studies with preclinical models or humans were considered. Dietary restriction (DR), usually operationalized as a reduction in caloric intake, is the main strategy applied to study the axis diet-hallmarks of aging. DR has been shown to modulate mainly genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, deregulating nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication. Much less evidence exists on the role of dietary patterns, with most of the studies evaluating the Mediterranean Diet and other similar plant-based diets, and the ketogenic diet. Potential benefits are described in genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Given the predominant place of food in human life, it is imperative to determine the impact of nutritional strategies on the modulation of lifespan and healthspan, considering applicability, long-term adherence, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Grande de França
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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McKimpson WM, Spiegel S, Mukhanova M, Kraakman M, Du W, Kitamoto T, Yu J, Pajvani U, Accili D. Calorie Restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand Ghrelin cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531352. [PMID: 36945500 PMCID: PMC10028817 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction increases lifespan. While some tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction have been described, the impact of calorie restriction on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We found increased abundance of chromogranin A+, including orexigenic ghrelin+, endocrine cells in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect coincided with increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed when Notch signaling was blocked using the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. Using primary cultures and genetically-modified reporter mice, we determined that increased endocrine cell abundance was due to altered stem and progenitor proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, calorie restriction triggered nuclear localization of FOXO1, which was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation. Taken together, the data indicate that calorie restriction promotes gastric endocrine cell differentiation triggered by active Notch signaling and regulated by FOXO1.
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Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030651. [PMID: 36978899 PMCID: PMC10044767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a progressive decline in the physical function of the organism and an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks of the aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss of proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, and (ix) altered cellular communication. All these alterations have been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, and these mechanisms contribute to the aging process in timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to the aging process. Mitochondria is the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the aging process, there is a decline in ATP production and elevated ROS production together with a decline in the antioxidant defense. Elevated ROS levels can cause oxidative stress and severe damage to the cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, and proteins. This damage contributes to the aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms of aging with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.
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Holtz JK, Thinggaard BS, Grauslund J, Subhi Y. Association between oral metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 36876510 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Rodent studies demonstrate that oral metformin use may reduce chronic low-grade inflammation, downregulate apoptosis and extend life span. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that oral metformin use may protect against development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in humans. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between oral metformin use and AMD in patients with type 2 diabetes and conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to provide a summary estimate of the association. We searched 12 literature databases on 10 August 2022 and identified nine eligible studies with data on a total of 1 427 074 individuals with diabetes. We found that patients with diabetes using metformin had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) of having or developing AMD (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46-0.86; p = 0.004). Our analyses also revealed that although the findings were robust in the sensitivity analysis, the Funnel plot indicated a certain publication bias towards finding a protective effect. Results of individual studies suggested inconsistent findings, as some studies found lower risk of AMD from higher total metformin exposure, whereas other studies found a higher risk of AMD from higher total metformin exposure. Taken together, there may be a link between metformin use and lower risk of AMD, but the relationship is only studied in observational studies, various sources of bias can be speculated to influence, and careful interpretation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Sommer Thinggaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Silver RE, Roberts SB, Kramer AF, Chui KKH, Das SK. No Effect of Calorie Restriction or Dietary Patterns on Spatial Working Memory During a 2-Year Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of the CALERIE Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:733-740. [PMID: 36805108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of calorie restriction (CR) on cognitive function is not well understood, and the impact of the dietary patterns consumed during CR has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the combined association of CR and dietary quality with spatial working memory (SWM) in healthy adults without obesity. METHODS The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial was a 2-y, multisite clinical trial. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193. Participants were randomized to a 25% reduction in EI (n = 143) or an ad libitum Control (n = 76). The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) captured dietary quality, with a lower DII and higher HEI score indicating a healthier diet. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery battery was used to assess SWM. Longitudinal associations between each dietary pattern index and SWM for CR and Control were assessed by multivariable negative binomial models that included baseline, 12-mo, and 24-mo visits. RESULTS Participants were aged 38.1 ± 7.2 y with a BMI of 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2. A total of 70% of the participants were female. Baseline mean DII and HEI scores were -0.15 (range: -3.77, 4.21) and 59.1 (24.1, 91.0) and did not differ between groups. Improvements in DII and HEI were significantly different between CR and Control over 2 y (both P-interaction = 0.001). In longitudinal analyses, there was no association of either index with SWM. Furthermore, though within-group improvements in SWM were observed at 12 mo, there was no statistically significant difference between CR (SWM errors: 9.0; 95% CI: 1.9, 41.6) and Control (11.7; 95% CI: 2.6, 53.5; P > 0.99), holding DII constant. Comparable results were observed at 24 mo and for the HEI. CONCLUSIONS Dietary quality during CR was not associated with measures of SWM over 2 y in healthy adults without obesity. These results suggest that, in healthy populations, dietary patterns and CR may have a limited impact on working memory. Further research is required to understand the concurrent effect of these nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Silver
- Energy Metabolism Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Energy Metabolism Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth K H Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Energy Metabolism Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Waziry R, Ryan CP, Corcoran DL, Huffman KM, Kobor MS, Kothari M, Graf GH, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Lin DTS, Pieper CF, Ramaker ME, Bhapkar M, Das SK, Ferrucci L, Hastings WJ, Kebbe M, Parker DC, Racette SB, Shalev I, Schilling B, Belsky DW. Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:248-257. [PMID: 37118425 PMCID: PMC10148951 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The geroscience hypothesis proposes that therapy to slow or reverse molecular changes that occur with aging can delay or prevent multiple chronic diseases and extend healthy lifespan1-3. Caloric restriction (CR), defined as lessening caloric intake without depriving essential nutrients4, results in changes in molecular processes that have been associated with aging, including DNA methylation (DNAm)5-7, and is established to increase healthy lifespan in multiple species8,9. Here we report the results of a post hoc analysis of the influence of CR on DNAm measures of aging in blood samples from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial, a randomized controlled trial in which n = 220 adults without obesity were randomized to 25% CR or ad libitum control diet for 2 yr (ref. 10). We found that CALERIE intervention slowed the pace of aging, as measured by the DunedinPACE DNAm algorithm, but did not lead to significant changes in biological age estimates measured by various DNAm clocks including PhenoAge and GrimAge. Treatment effect sizes were small. Nevertheless, modest slowing of the pace of aging can have profound effects on population health11-13. The finding that CR modified DunedinPACE in a randomized controlled trial supports the geroscience hypothesis, building on evidence from small and uncontrolled studies14-16 and contrasting with reports that biological aging may not be modifiable17. Ultimately, a conclusive test of the geroscience hypothesis will require trials with long-term follow-up to establish effects of intervention on primary healthy-aging endpoints, including incidence of chronic disease and mortality18-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Waziry
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - C P Ryan
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - D L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Kothari
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - G H Graf
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - V B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D T S Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C F Pieper
- Center on Aging and Development, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M E Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Bhapkar
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S K Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W J Hastings
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - M Kebbe
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - D C Parker
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - I Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D W Belsky
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Dietary energy restriction in neurological diseases: what's new? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:573-588. [PMID: 36369305 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy-restricted diet is a specific dietary regimen, including the continuous energy-restricted diet and the intermittent energy-restricted diet. It has been proven effective not only to reduce weight and extend the lifespan in animal models, but also to regulate the development and progression of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases (stroke), neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis). However, the mechanism in this field is still not clear and a systematic neurological summary is still missing. In this review, we first give a brief summary of the definition and mainstream strategies of energy restrictions. We then review evidence about the effects of energy-restricted diet from both animal models and human trials, and update the current understanding of mechanisms underlying the biological role of energy-restricted diet in the fight against neurological diseases. Our review thus contributes to the modification of dietary regimen and the search for special diet mimics.
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