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Krieger N, Testa C, Chen JT, Johnson N, Watkins SH, Suderman M, Simpkin AJ, Tilling K, Waterman PD, Coull BA, De Vivo I, Smith GD, Roux AVD, Relton C. Epigenetic aging & embodying injustice: US My Body My Story and Multi-Ethnic Atherosclerosis Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.13.23299930. [PMID: 38168159 PMCID: PMC10760288 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.23299930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Importance Epigenetic accelerated aging is associated with exposure to social and economic adversity and may increase risk of premature morbidity and mortality. However, no studies have included measures of structural racism and few have compared estimates within or across the 1st and 2nd generation of epigenetic clocks (the latter additionally trained on phenotypic data). Objective To determine if accelerated epigenetic aging is associated with exposures to diverse measures of racialized, economic, and environmental injustice measured at different levels and time periods. Design Cross-sectional My Body My Story Study (MBMS; US, 2008-2010) and Exam 5 Multi-Ethnic Atherosclerosis Study (MESA; US, 2010-2012). MBMS DNA extraction: 2021; linkage of structural measures to MBMS and MESA: 2022. Setting MBMS recruited a random sample of US-born Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and white non-Hispanic (WNH) participants from 4 community health centers in Boston, MA. The MESA Exam 5 epigenetic component included 975 randomly selected US-born BNH, WNH, and Hispanic participants from four field sites: Baltimore, MD; Forsyth County, NC; New York City, NY; St. Paul, MN. Participants US-born persons (MBMS: 224 BNH, 69 WNH; MESA: 229 BNH, 555 WNH, 191 Hispanic). Main outcome and measures 10 epigenetic clocks (six 1st generation; four 2nd generation), computed using DNA methylation data (DNAm) from blood spots (MBMS; N = 293) and purified monocytes (MESA; N = 975). Results Among Black non-Hispanic MBMS participants, epigenetic age acceleration was associated with being born in a Jim Crow state by 0.14 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00, 0.27) and with birth state conservatism (0.06, 95% CI 0.00, 0.05), pooling across all clocks, as was low parental education for both Black non-Hispanic and white non-Hispanic MBMS participants (respectively: 0.24, 95% CI 0.08, 0.39, and 0.27, 95% CI 0.03, 0.51. Adult impoverishment was positively associated with the pooled 2nd generation clocks among the MESA participants (Black non-Hispanic: 0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.12; white non-Hispanic: 0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.08; Hispanic: 0.07, 95% CI 0.01, 0.14). Conclusions and Relevance Epigenetic accelerated aging may be one of the biological mechanisms linking exposure to racialized and economic injustice to well-documented inequities in premature morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Krieger
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Testa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jarvis T. Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nykesha Johnson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah H. Watkins
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela D. Waterman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collective and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Patnaik E, Madu C, Lu Y. Epigenetic Modulators as Therapeutic Agents in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14964. [PMID: 37834411 PMCID: PMC10573652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics play a crucial role in gene regulation and cellular processes. Most importantly, its dysregulation can contribute to the development of tumors. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, are reversible processes that can be utilized as targets for therapeutic intervention. DNA methylation inhibitors disrupt DNA methylation patterns by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases. Such inhibitors can restore normal gene expression patterns, and they can be effective against various forms of cancer. Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase histone acetylation levels, leading to altered gene expressions. Like DNA methylation inhibitors, histone methyltransferase inhibitors target molecules involved in histone methylation. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitors target proteins involved in gene expression. They can be effective by inhibiting oncogene expression and inducing anti-proliferative effects seen in cancer. Understanding epigenetic modifications and utilizing epigenetic inhibitors will offer new possibilities for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshaan Patnaik
- Department of Biology, Memphis University School, Memphis, TN 38119, USA;
| | - Chikezie Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Tung PW, Kennedy EM, Burt A, Hermetz K, Karagas M, Marsit CJ. Prenatal lead (Pb) exposure is associated with differential placental DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in a human population. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2404-2420. [PMID: 36148884 PMCID: PMC9665158 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2126087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse developmental outcomes and to epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in animal models and in newborn blood. Given the importance of the placenta in foetal development, we sought to examine how prenatal Pb exposure was associated with differential placental DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation and to identify affected biological pathways linked to developmental outcomes. Maternal (n = 167) and infant (n = 172) toenail and placenta (n = 115) samples for prenatal Pb exposure were obtained from participants in a US birth cohort, and methylation and hydroxymethylation data were quantified using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. An epigenome-wide association study was applied to identify differential methylation and hydroxymethylation associated with Pb exposure. Biological functions of the Pb-associated genes were determined by overrepresentation analysis through ConsensusPathDB. Prenatal Pb quantified from maternal toenail, infant toenail, and placenta was associated with 480, 27, and 2 differentially methylated sites (q < 0.05), respectively, with both increases and decreases associated with exposure. Alternatively, we identified 2, 1, and 14 differentially hydroxymethylated site(s) associated with maternal toenail, infant toenail, and placental Pb, respectively, with most showing increases in hydroxymethylation with exposure. Significantly overrepresented pathways amongst genes associated with differential methylation and hydroxymethylation (q < 0.10) included mechanisms pertaining to nervous system and organ development, calcium transport and regulation, and signalling activities. Our results suggest that both methylation and hydroxymethylation in the placenta can be variable based on Pb exposure and that the pathways impacted could affect placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wen Tung
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kennedy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, Lebanon
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation Profiles Do Not Predict Endoscopic Post-Operative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810467. [PMID: 36142381 PMCID: PMC9503775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction of endoscopic post-operative recurrence (POR) in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients following ileocolonic resection (ICR) using clinical risk factors alone has thus far been inadequate. While peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA methylation has shown promise as a tool for predicting recurrence in cancer, no data in CD patients exists. Therefore, this study explored the association and predictive value of PBL DNA methylation in CD patients following ICR. From a cohort of 117 CD patients undergoing ICR, epigenome-wide PBL methylation profiles from 25 carefully selected patients presenting either clear endoscopic remission (n = 12) or severe recurrence (n = 13) were assessed using the Illumina MethylationEPIC (850K) array. No statistically significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) or regions (DMRs) associated with endoscopic POR were identified (FDR p ≤ 0.05), further evidenced by the low accuracy (0.625) following elastic net classification analysis. Nonetheless, interrogating the most significant differences in methylation suggested POR-associated hypermethylation in the MBNL1, RAB29 and LEPR genes, respectively, which are involved in intestinal fibrosis, inflammation and wound healing. Notably, we observed a higher estimated proportion of monocytes in endoscopic POR compared to remission. Altogether, we observed limited differences in the genome-wide DNA methylome among CD patients with and without endoscopic POR. We therefore conclude that PBL DNA methylation is not a feasible predictive tool in post-operative CD.
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Hussain S, Tulsyan S, Dar SA, Sisodiya S, Abiha U, Kumar R, Mishra BN, Haque S. Role of epigenetics in carcinogenesis: Recent advancements in anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:441-451. [PMID: 34182144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics in the etiology of cancer progression is being emphasized for the past two decades to check the impact of chromatin modifiers and remodelers. Histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, nucleosome positioning, regulation by non-coding RNAs and precisely microRNAs are influential epigenetic marks in the field of progressive cancer sub-types. Furthermore, constant epigenetic changes due to hyper or hypomethylation could efficiently serve as effective biomarkers of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic development. Ongoing research in the field of epigenetics has resulted in the resolutory role of various epigenetic markers and their inhibition using specific inhibitors to arrest their key cellular functions in in-vitro and pre-clinical studies. Although, the mechanism of epigenetics in cancer largely remains unexplored. Nevertheless, various advancements in the field of epigenetics have been made through transcriptome analysis and in-vitro genome targeting technologies to unravel the applicability of epigenetic markers for future cancer therapeutics and management. Therefore, this review emphasizes on recent advances in epigenetic landscapes that could be targeted/explored using novel approaches as personalized treatment modalities for cancer containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sonam Tulsyan
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Sisodiya
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Molecular Diagnostics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Umme Abiha
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
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Unlocking the potential of forensic traces: Analytical approaches to generate investigative leads. Sci Justice 2022; 62:310-326. [PMID: 35598924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigation involves gathering the information necessary to understand the criminal events as well as linking objects or individuals to an item, location or other individual(s) for investigative purposes. For years techniques such as presumptive chemical tests, DNA profiling or fingermark analysis have been of great value to this process. However, these techniques have their limitations, whether it is a lack of confidence in the results obtained due to cross-reactivity, subjectivity and low sensitivity; or because they are dependent on holding reference samples in a pre-existing database. There is currently a need to devise new ways to gather as much information as possible from a single trace, particularly from biological traces commonly encountered in forensic casework. This review outlines the most recent advancements in the forensic analysis of biological fluids, fingermarks and hair. Special emphasis is placed on analytical methods that can expand the information obtained from the trace beyond what is achieved in the usual practices. Special attention is paid to those methods that accurately determine the nature of the sample, as well as how long it has been at the crime scene, along with individualising information regarding the donor source of the trace.
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Langdon RJ, Yousefi P, Relton CL, Suderman MJ. Epigenetic modelling of former, current and never smokers. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 34789321 PMCID: PMC8597260 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm) performs excellently in the discrimination of current and former smokers from never smokers, where AUCs > 0.9 are regularly reported using a single CpG site (cg05575921; AHRR). However, there is a paucity of DNAm models which attempt to distinguish current, former and never smokers as individual classes. Derivation of a robust DNAm model that accurately distinguishes between current, former and never smokers would be particularly valuable to epidemiological research (as a more accurate smoking definition vs. self-report) and could potentially translate to clinical settings. Therefore, we appraise 4 DNAm models of ternary smoking status (that is, current, former and never smokers): methylation at cg05575921 (AHRR model), weighted scores from 13 CpGs created by Maas et al. (Maas model), weighted scores from a LASSO model of candidate smoking CpGs from the literature (candidate CpG LASSO model), and weighted scores from a LASSO model supplied with genome-wide 450K data (agnostic LASSO model). Discrimination is assessed by AUC, whilst classification accuracy is assessed by accuracy and kappa, derived from confusion matrices. RESULTS We find that DNAm can classify ternary smoking status with reasonable accuracy, including when applied to external data. Ternary classification using only DNAm far exceeds the classification accuracy of simply assigning all classes as the most prevalent class (63.7% vs. 36.4%). Further, we develop a DNAm classifier which performs well in discriminating current from former smokers (agnostic LASSO model AUC in external validation data: 0.744). Finally, across our DNAm models, we show evidence of enrichment for biological pathways and human phenotype ontologies relevant to smoking, such as haemostasis, molybdenum cofactor synthesis, body fatness and social behaviours, providing evidence of the generalisability of our classifiers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DNAm can classify ternary smoking status with close to 65% accuracy. Both the ternary smoking status classifiers and current versus former smoking status classifiers address the present lack of former smoker classification in epigenetic literature; essential if DNAm classifiers are to adequately relate to real-world populations. To improve performance further, additional focus on improving discrimination of current from former smokers is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Paul Yousefi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew J Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Traversi D, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Franchitti E, Iacoviello L, Gianfagna F, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, Agodi A, Barchitta M, Calabrò GE, Hoxhaj I, Sassano M, Sbrogiò LG, Del Sole A, Marchiori F, Pitini E, Migliara G, Marzuillo C, De Vito C, Tamburro M, Sammarco ML, Ripabelli G, Villari P, Boccia S. Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health. J Pers Med 2021; 11:135. [PMID: 33669364 PMCID: PMC7920275 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Traversi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 161632 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Franchitti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.I.); (F.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.I.); (F.G.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (B.I.)
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Elisa Calabrò
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilda Hoxhaj
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Michele Sassano
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Gino Sbrogiò
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Az. ULSS3 Serenissima, 30174 Venezia, Italy;
| | | | | | - Erica Pitini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Manuela Tamburro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Michela Lucia Sammarco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.); (M.L.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (E.P.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (C.D.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.E.C.); (I.H.); (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health-Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Hemsley F. Reading heredity in racist environments: epigenetic imaginaries in Bessie Head's The Cardinals. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2020; 47:medhum-2020-012016. [PMID: 33277293 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2020-012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of epigenetics research shows us how we are constructed by what is without-materially, socially and environmentally-while also taking us beyond narrow genetic determinants of heredity. If misappropriated, epigenetics research risks pathologising particular social or ethnic groups as biologically damaged. However, epigenetics may also allow us to better conceptualise the biopsychosocially constitutive nature of racist environments. In this article, I argue that epigenetic understandings of embodiment allow us to follow Achille Mbembe's recommendation: that to account for postcolonial relations of power-their effectiveness and psychology-we need to go beyond the binary categories (like passivity vs resistance) so frequently deployed in the analysis of domination. To demonstrate this, I offer a literary example from apartheid South Africa. In Bessie Head's The Cardinals, embodiment is imagined as the hereditary effect of segregated environmental space. The Cardinals thus offers something like a literary imagining of the epigenetic (as a material change that is heritable), before contemporary advances in epigenetics research made the connection between environment and embodiment more sensible in molecular terms. Head radically calls into question the certainty of biological identity: characters are 'marked' deterministically by their environments but ultimately the mutability of such 'epigenetic' markers is revealed when the individual transcends apartheid's spatial and racial demarcations. Writing in the context of apartheid, Head's engagement with non-genetic understandings of identity is a motivated attempt to evade the stigmatising categories and 'genetic' assumptions of scientific racism, which constructed races as biologically distinct (modern genetic science shows us that there is no genetic basis for 'race'). Instead, Head positions environmental spaces, including the Indian Ocean (a conduit for South Asian arrivals and for new philosophies and the potential political affiliations that arrive with them) as points of genealogical origin and as constitutive of identity in non-deterministic ways.
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Association between Breastfeeding and DNA Methylation over the Life Course: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113309. [PMID: 33137917 PMCID: PMC7692466 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is associated with short and long-term health benefits. Long-term effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, yet the literature on this topic is scarce. We performed the first epigenome-wide association study of infant feeding, comparing breastfed vs non-breastfed children. We measured DNA methylation in children from peripheral blood collected in childhood (age 7 years, N = 640) and adolescence (age 15–17 years, N = 709) within the Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES) project, part of the larger Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Cord blood methylation (N = 702) was used as a negative control for potential pre-natal residual confounding. Results: Two differentially-methylated sites presented directionally-consistent associations with breastfeeding at ages 7 and 15–17 years, but not at birth. Twelve differentially-methylated regions in relation to breastfeeding were identified, and for three of them there was evidence of directional concordance between ages 7 and 15–17 years, but not between birth and age 7 years. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that DNA methylation in childhood and adolescence may be predicted by breastfeeding, but further studies with sufficiently large samples for replication are required to identify robust associations.
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Langdon RJ, Beynon RA, Ingarfield K, Marioni RE, McCartney DL, Martin RM, Ness AR, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Relton C, Thomas SJ, Richmond RC. Epigenetic prediction of complex traits and mortality in a cohort of individuals with oropharyngeal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:58. [PMID: 32321578 PMCID: PMC7178612 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm) variation is an established predictor for several traits. In the context of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), where 5-year survival is ~ 65%, DNA methylation may act as a prognostic biomarker. We examined the accuracy of DNA methylation biomarkers of 4 complex exposure traits (alcohol consumption, body mass index [BMI], educational attainment and smoking status) in predicting all-cause mortality in people with OPC. RESULTS DNAm predictors of alcohol consumption, BMI, educational attainment and smoking status were applied to 364 individuals with OPC in the Head and Neck 5000 cohort (HN5000; 19.6% of total OPC cases in the study), followed up for median 3.9 years; inter-quartile range (IQR) 3.3 to 5.2 years (time-to-event-death or censor). The proportion of phenotypic variance explained in each trait was as follows: 16.5% for alcohol consumption, 22.7% for BMI, 0.4% for educational attainment and 51.1% for smoking. We then assessed the relationship between each DNAm predictor and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis. DNAm prediction of smoking was most consistently associated with mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38 per standard deviation (SD) increase in smoking DNAm score; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.83; P 0.025, in a model adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, health and biological variables). Finally, we examined the accuracy of each DNAm predictor of mortality. DNAm predictors explained similar levels of variance in mortality to self-reported phenotypes. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the DNAm predictors showed a moderate discrimination of alcohol consumption (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63), BMI (AUC 0.61) and smoking (AUC 0.70) when predicting mortality. The DNAm predictor for education showed poor discrimination (AUC 0.57). Z tests comparing AUCs between self-reported phenotype ROC curves and DNAm score ROC curves did not show evidence for difference between the two (alcohol consumption P 0.41, BMI P 0.62, educational attainment P 0.49, smoking P 0.19). CONCLUSIONS In the context of a clinical cohort of individuals with OPC, DNAm predictors for smoking, alcohol consumption, educational attainment and BMI exhibit similar predictive values for all-cause mortality compared to self-reported data. These findings may have translational utility in prognostic model development, particularly where phenotypic data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rhona A Beynon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Ingarfield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, UK
- Community Oral Health, University of Glasgow Dental School, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy R Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven J Thomas
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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12
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Chiapperino L. Epigenetics: ethics, politics, biosociality. Br Med Bull 2018; 128:49-60. [PMID: 30329024 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics is a burgeoning field of contemporary biosciences, which has attracted a lot of interest both in biomedical and in social sciences. SOURCES OF DATA Unsystematic literature analysis and retrospective mapping of highly cited work (source: Web of Science core collection) in the social sciences and humanities engaging with epigenetics. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Epigenetics poses no new ethical issue over and above those discussed in relation to genetics. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY However, it encourages a different framing and reflexivity on some of the commonly held categories in the moral uptake of scientific discoveries. GROWING POINTS Epigenetics presents us with normative questions that touch upon privacy, responsibility for individual health and for the well-being of future generations, as well as matters of health justice and equality of opportunities. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Epigenetic thinking could help us adjust and refine the problem frames and categories that inform our ethical and political questions with a complex biosocial description of situations, of persons or actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Chiapperino
- STSLab, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline, Bâtiment Géopolis, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Richmond RC, Suderman M, Langdon R, Relton CL, Davey Smith G. DNA methylation as a marker for prenatal smoke exposure in adults. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1120-1130. [PMID: 29860346 PMCID: PMC6124615 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal smoke exposure is known to be robustly associated with DNA methylation among offspring in early life, but whether the association persists into adulthood is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of maternal smoke exposure on DNA methylation in 754 women (mean age 30 years); to replicate findings in the same women 18 years later and in a cohort of 230 men (mean age 53 years); and to assess the extent to which a methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure. Methods We first carried out an epigenome-wide association analysis for prenatal smoke exposure and performed replication analyses for the top CpG sites in the other samples. We derived a DNA methylation score based on previously identified CpG sites and generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the performance of these scores as predictors of prenatal smoke exposure. Results We observed associations at 15 CpG sites in 11 gene regions: MYO1G, FRMD4A, CYP1A1, CNTNAP2, ARL4C, AHRR, TIFAB, MDM4, AX748264, DRD1, FTO (false discovery rate <5%). Most of these associations were specific to exposure during pregnancy, were present 18 years later and were replicated in a cohort of men. A DNA methylation score could predict prenatal smoke exposure (30 years previously) with an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 0.76). Conclusions The results of this study provide robust evidence that maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with changes in DNA methylation that persist in the exposed offspring for many years after prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Richmond RC, Sharp GC, Herbert G, Atkinson C, Taylor C, Bhattacharya S, Campbell D, Hall M, Kazmi N, Gaunt T, McArdle W, Ring S, Davey Smith G, Ness A, Relton CL. The long-term impact of folic acid in pregnancy on offspring DNA methylation: follow-up of the Aberdeen Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (AFAST). Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:928-937. [PMID: 29546377 PMCID: PMC6005053 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that maternal folic-acid supplement use may alter the DNA-methylation patterns of the offspring during the in-utero period, which could influence development and later-life health outcomes. Evidence from human studies suggests a role for prenatal folate levels in influencing DNA methylation in early life, but this has not been extended to consider persistent effects into adulthood. METHODS To better elucidate the long-term impact of maternal folic acid in pregnancy on DNA methylation in offspring, we carried out an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) nested within the Aberdeen Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (AFAST-a trial of two different doses: 0.2 and 5 mg, folic acid vs placebo). Offspring of the AFAST participants were recruited at a mean age of 47 years and saliva samples were profiled on the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 array. Both single-site and differentially methylated region analyses were performed. RESULTS We found an association at cg09112514 (p = 4.03×10-9), a CpG located in the 5' untranslated region of PDGFRA, in the main analysis comparing the intervention arms [low- (0.2 mg) and high-dose (5 mg) folic acid combined (N = 43)] vs placebo (N = 43). Furthermore, a dose-response reduction in methylation at this site was identified in relation to the intervention. In the regional approach, we identified 46 regions of the genome that were differentially methylated in response to the intervention (Sidak p-value <0.05), including HLA-DPB2, HLA-DPB1, PAX8 and VTRNA2-1. Whereas cg09112514 did not replicate in an independent EWAS of maternal plasma folate, there was suggested replication of differential methylation in PAX8. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that maternal folic-acid supplement use is associated with changes in the DNA methylation of the offspring that persist for many years after exposure in utero. These methylation changes are located in genes implicated in embryonic development, immune response and cellular proliferation. Further work to investigate whether these epigenetic changes translate into detectable phenotypic differences is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgia Herbert
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Atkinson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Doris Campbell
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marion Hall
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Wendy McArdle
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Nutrition Theme), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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15
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Saccone NL, Baurley JW, Bergen AW, David SP, Elliott HR, Foreman MG, Kaprio J, Piasecki TM, Relton CL, Zawertailo L, Bierut LJ, Tyndale RF, Chen LS. The Value of Biosamples in Smoking Cessation Trials: A Review of Genetic, Metabolomic, and Epigenetic Findings. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:403-413. [PMID: 28472521 PMCID: PMC5896536 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Human genetic research has succeeded in definitively identifying multiple genetic variants associated with risk for nicotine dependence and heavy smoking. To build on these advances, and to aid in reducing the prevalence of smoking and its consequent health harms, the next frontier is to identify genetic predictors of successful smoking cessation and also of the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments ("pharmacogenomics"). More broadly, additional biomarkers that can be quantified from biosamples also promise to aid "Precision Medicine" and the personalization of treatment, both pharmacological and behavioral. Aims and Methods To motivate ongoing and future efforts, here we review several compelling genetic and biomarker findings related to smoking cessation and treatment. Results These Key results involve genetic variants in the nicotinic receptor subunit gene CHRNA5, variants in the nicotine metabolism gene CYP2A6, and the nicotine metabolite ratio. We also summarize reports of epigenetic changes related to smoking behavior. Conclusions The results to date demonstrate the value and utility of data generated from biosamples in clinical treatment trial settings. This article cross-references a companion paper in this issue that provides practical guidance on how to incorporate biosample collection into a planned clinical trial and discusses avenues for harmonizing data and fostering consortium-based, collaborative research on the pharmacogenomics of smoking cessation. Implications Evidence is emerging that certain genotypes and biomarkers are associated with smoking cessation success and efficacy of smoking cessation treatments. We review key findings that open potential avenues for personalizing smoking cessation treatment according to an individual's genetic or metabolic profile. These results provide important incentive for smoking cessation researchers to collect biosamples and perform genotyping in research studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Genetics and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Sean P David
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marilyn G Foreman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Siteman Cancer Center, Institute of Public Health, and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li-Shiun Chen
- Siteman Cancer Center, Institute of Public Health, and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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16
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García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M, Tollefsbol TO, Romá-Mateo C, Peiró-Chova L, Lapunzina P, Pallardó FV. Epigenetic biomarkers: Current strategies and future challenges for their use in the clinical laboratory. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:529-550. [PMID: 29226748 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1410520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications and regulators represent potential molecular elements which control relevant physiological and pathological features, thereby contributing to the natural history of human disease. These epigenetic modulators can be employed as disease biomarkers, since they show several advantages and provide information about gene function, thus explaining differences among patient endophenotypes. In addition, epigenetic biomarkers can incorporate information regarding the effects of the environment and lifestyle on health and disease, and monitor the effect of applied therapies. Technologies used to analyze these epigenetic biomarkers are constantly improving, becoming much easier to use. Laboratory professionals can easily acquire experience and techniques are becoming more affordable. A high number of epigenetic biomarker candidates are being continuously proposed, making now the moment to adopt epigenetics in the clinical laboratory and convert epigenetic marks into reliable biomarkers. In this review, we describe some current promising epigenetic biomarkers and technologies being applied in clinical practice. Furthermore, we will discuss some laboratory strategies and kits to accelerate the adoption of epigenetic biomarkers into clinical routine. The likelihood is that over time, better markers will be identified and will likely be incorporated into future multi-target assays that might help to optimize its application in a clinical laboratory. This will improve cost-effectiveness, and consequently encourage the development of theragnosis and the application of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- a Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) , Institute of Health Carlos III , Valencia , Spain.,b INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain.,c Department Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Universitat de València (UV) , Valencia , Spain.,d Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV/INCLIVA) , Valencia , Spain.,e EpiDisease S.L. Spin-Off of CIBERER (ISCIII) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- a Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) , Institute of Health Carlos III , Valencia , Spain.,b INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain.,c Department Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Universitat de València (UV) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- f Department of Biology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- a Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) , Institute of Health Carlos III , Valencia , Spain.,b INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain.,c Department Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Universitat de València (UV) , Valencia , Spain.,d Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV/INCLIVA) , Valencia , Spain
| | - Lorena Peiró-Chova
- b INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain.,g INCLIVA Biobank , Valencia , Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- a Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) , Institute of Health Carlos III , Valencia , Spain.,h Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM) , IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- a Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) , Institute of Health Carlos III , Valencia , Spain.,b INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute , Valencia , Spain.,c Department Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Universitat de València (UV) , Valencia , Spain.,d Epigenetics Research Platform (CIBERER/UV/INCLIVA) , Valencia , Spain
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17
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Sharp GC, Arathimos R, Reese SE, Page CM, Felix J, Küpers LK, Rifas-Shiman SL, Liu C, Burrows K, Zhao S, Magnus MC, Duijts L, Corpeleijn E, DeMeo DL, Litonjua A, Baccarelli A, Hivert MF, Oken E, Snieder H, Jaddoe V, Nystad W, London SJ, Relton CL, Zuccolo L. Maternal alcohol consumption and offspring DNA methylation: findings from six general population-based birth cohorts. Epigenomics 2017; 10:27-42. [PMID: 29172695 PMCID: PMC5753623 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is sometimes associated with adverse outcomes in offspring, potentially mediated by epigenetic modifications. We aimed to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation in cord blood of newborns exposed to alcohol in utero. Materials & methods: We meta-analyzed information from six population-based birth cohorts within the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium. Results: We found no strong evidence of association at either individual CpGs or across larger regions of the genome. Conclusion: Our findings suggest no association between maternal alcohol consumption and offspring cord blood DNA methylation. This is in stark contrast to the multiple strong associations previous studies have found for maternal smoking, which is similarly socially patterned. However, it is possible that a combination of a larger sample size, higher doses, different timings of exposure, exploration of a different tissue and a more global assessment of genomic DNA methylation might show evidence of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Oral & Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Sarah E Reese
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christian M Page
- Division for Mental & Physical Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janine Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Maria C Magnus
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Division for Mental & Physical Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Biosciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Division for Mental & Physical Health, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie J London
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health & Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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18
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Würtz P, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Ala-Korpela M. Quantitative Serum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics in Large-Scale Epidemiology: A Primer on -Omic Technologies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1084-1096. [PMID: 29106475 PMCID: PMC5860146 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed metabolic profiling in large-scale epidemiologic studies has uncovered novel biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases and clarified the molecular associations of established risk factors. A quantitative metabolomics platform based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has found widespread use, already profiling over 400,000 blood samples. Over 200 metabolic measures are quantified per sample; in addition to many biomarkers routinely used in epidemiology, the method simultaneously provides fine-grained lipoprotein subclass profiling and quantification of circulating fatty acids, amino acids, gluconeogenesis-related metabolites, and many other molecules from multiple metabolic pathways. Here we focus on applications of magnetic resonance metabolomics for quantifying circulating biomarkers in large-scale epidemiology. We highlight the molecular characterization of risk factors, use of Mendelian randomization, and the key issues of study design and analyses of metabolic profiling for epidemiology. We also detail how integration of metabolic profiling data with genetics can enhance drug development. We discuss why quantitative metabolic profiling is becoming widespread in epidemiology and biobanking. Although large-scale applications of metabolic profiling are still novel, it seems likely that comprehensive biomarker data will contribute to etiologic understanding of various diseases and abilities to predict disease risks, with the potential to translate into multiple clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Würtz
- Correspondence to Dr. Peter Würtz, Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5A, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland (e-mail: ); or Dr. Mika Ala-Korpela, Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5A, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Correspondence to Dr. Peter Würtz, Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5A, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland (e-mail: ); or Dr. Mika Ala-Korpela, Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5A, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland (e-mail: )
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19
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García-Giménez JL, Mena-Mollá S, Beltrán-García J, Sanchis-Gomar F. Challenges in the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers in clinical samples. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:1474-1477. [PMID: 28301317 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications represent an interesting landscape which can describe relevant features of human disease. Epigenetic biomarkers show several advantages as disease biomarkers because they provide information about gene function, specific endophenotypes and can even incorporate information from the environment and the natural history of disease. The improvement in genomic and epigenomic technologies has revolutionized the current comprehension of biological processes underlying health and disease. However, now is the time to adopt these new technologies to improve human health, thus converting this information into reliable biomarkers. This endeavor should be focused on improving methodologies to analyze gene methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Ideally, epigenetic biomarkers should be robust, routine, accurate and inexpensive in order to provide better information for patient diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and treatment monitoring. Here we describe some challenges and provide strategies to improve the adoption of epigenetic biomarkers into clinical routine. Furthermore, we summarize the recommended properties for clinical epigenetic biomarkers.
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20
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Cardenas A, Rifas-Shiman SL, Godderis L, Duca RC, Navas-Acien A, Litonjua AA, DeMeo DL, Brennan KJ, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Hivert MF, Gillman MW, Oken E, Baccarelli AA. Prenatal Exposure to Mercury: Associations with Global DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Cord Blood and in Childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087022. [PMID: 28934725 PMCID: PMC5783674 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is a global pollutant, and prenatal exposure is associated with adverse health effects. To date, no studies have evaluated the association between prenatal mercury exposure and DNA hydroxymethylation, an epigenetic modification important for tissue differentiation and embryonic development. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the association between prenatal mercury exposure and offspring global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at birth and test for persistence of the association in childhood. METHODS Within Project Viva, a U.S. prebirth cohort, we examined associations of maternal second trimester red blood cell mercury (RBC-Hg) concentrations with global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (%-5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (%-5mC) DNA content in blood collected at birth (n=306), early childhood (n=68; 2.9 to 4.9 y), and midchildhood (n=260; 6.7 to 10.5 y). RESULTS Median prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was 3.23μg/g [interquartile range (IQR)=3.29]. At birth, median cord blood %-5mC, %-5hmC, and their ratio were 4.95%, 0.22%, and 24.37, respectively. The mean adjusted difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of blood %-5hmC for a doubling in prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was -0.013% (-0.029, 0.002), -0.031% (-0.056, -0.006), and 0.005% (-0.007, 0.018) at birth, early, and midchildhood, respectively. The corresponding relative adjusted change in the genomic ratio of %-5mC to %-5hmC for a doubling in prenatal RBC-Hg concentration was 4.70% (0.04, 9.58), 22.42% (7.73, 39.11), and 0.73% (-4.18, 5.88) at birth, early, and midchildhood, respectively. No associations were present between prenatal maternal RBC-Hg and %-5mC at any time point. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal mercury exposure was associated with lower %-5hmC genomic content and a corresponding increase in the ratio of %-5mC to %-5hmC in cord blood. This association was persistent in early but not midchildhood blood. Our results demonstrate the potential malleability of epigenetic modifications associated with mercury exposure in utero. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE , External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kasey J Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra J Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health , Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, New York, USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Oral & Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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22
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Hartwig FP, Loret de Mola C, Davies NM, Victora CG, Relton CL. Breastfeeding effects on DNA methylation in the offspring: A systematic literature review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173070. [PMID: 28257446 PMCID: PMC5336253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding benefits both infants and mothers. Recent research shows long-term health and human capital benefits among individuals who were breastfed. Epigenetic mechanisms have been suggested as potential mediators of the effects of early-life exposures on later health outcomes. We reviewed the literature on the potential effects of breastfeeding on DNA methylation. METHODS Studies reporting original results and evaluating DNA methylation differences according to breastfeeding/breast milk groups (e.g., ever vs. never comparisons, different categories of breastfeeding duration, etc) were eligible. Six databases were searched simultaneously using Ovid, and the resulting studies were evaluated independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Seven eligible studies were identified. Five were conducted in humans. Studies were heterogeneous regarding sample selection, age, target methylation regions, methylation measurement and breastfeeding categorisation. Collectively, the studies suggest that breastfeeding might be negatively associated with promoter methylation of LEP (which encodes an anorexigenic hormone), CDKN2A (involved in tumour suppression) and Slc2a4 genes (which encodes an insulin-related glucose transporter) and positively with promoter methylation of the Nyp (which encodes an orexigenic neuropeptide) gene, as well as influence global methylation patterns and modulate epigenetic effects of some genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS The findings from our systematic review are far from conclusive due to the small number of studies and their inherent limitations. Further studies are required to understand the actual potential role of epigenetics in the associations of breastfeeding with later health outcomes. Suggestions for future investigations, focusing on epigenome-wide association studies, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Neil Martin Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar Gomes Victora
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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23
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Ferrie JE. Commentary on ‘Protect our children’: The elephant in the room. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 45:1752-1753. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Baglietto L, Ponzi E, Haycock P, Hodge A, Bianca Assumma M, Jung C, Chung J, Fasanelli F, Guida F, Campanella G, Chadeau‐Hyam M, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Ala U, Provero P, Wong EM, Joo J, English DR, Kazmi N, Lund E, Faltus C, Kaaks R, Risch A, Barrdahl M, Sandanger TM, Southey MC, Giles GG, Johansson M, Vineis P, Polidoro S, Relton CL, Severi G. DNA methylation changes measured in pre-diagnostic peripheral blood samples are associated with smoking and lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:50-61. [PMID: 27632354 PMCID: PMC5731426 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation changes are associated with cigarette smoking. We used the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array to determine whether methylation in DNA from pre-diagnostic, peripheral blood samples is associated with lung cancer risk. We used a case-control study nested within the EPIC-Italy cohort and a study within the MCCS cohort as discovery sets (a total of 552 case-control pairs). We validated the top signals in 429 case-control pairs from another 3 studies. We identified six CpGs for which hypomethylation was associated with lung cancer risk: cg05575921 in the AHRR gene (p-valuepooled = 4 × 10-17 ), cg03636183 in the F2RL3 gene (p-valuepooled = 2 × 10 - 13 ), cg21566642 and cg05951221 in 2q37.1 (p-valuepooled = 7 × 10-16 and 1 × 10-11 respectively), cg06126421 in 6p21.33 (p-valuepooled = 2 × 10-15 ) and cg23387569 in 12q14.1 (p-valuepooled = 5 × 10-7 ). For cg05951221 and cg23387569 the strength of association was virtually identical in never and current smokers. For all these CpGs except for cg23387569, the methylation levels were different across smoking categories in controls (p-valuesheterogeneity ≤ 1.8 x10 - 7 ), were lowest for current smokers and increased with time since quitting for former smokers. We observed a gain in discrimination between cases and controls measured by the area under the ROC curve of at least 8% (p-values ≥ 0.003) in former smokers by adding methylation at the 6 CpGs into risk prediction models including smoking status and number of pack-years. Our findings provide convincing evidence that smoking and possibly other factors lead to DNA methylation changes measurable in peripheral blood that may improve prediction of lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baglietto
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERMVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifF‐94805France
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Erica Ponzi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Philip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBS8 2BNUK
| | - Allison Hodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Chol‐Hee Jung
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation InitiativeThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation InitiativeThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010Australia
| | - Francesca Fasanelli
- HuGeF, Human Genetics FoundationTorino10126Italy
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital‐University of Turin and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)10126Torino
| | - Florence Guida
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondonW2 1PGUK
| | - Gianluca Campanella
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondonW2 1PGUK
| | - Marc Chadeau‐Hyam
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondonW2 1PGUK
| | | | | | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversità di Torino10126Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversità di Torino10126Italy
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Jihoon Joo
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBS8 2BNUK
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community MedicineUiT‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway
| | - Christian Faltus
- Division of Cancer Research and Epigenetics, Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk FactorsDKFZ – German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyDKFZ ‐ German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC‐H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Angela Risch
- Division of Cancer Research and Epigenetics, Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk FactorsDKFZ – German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC‐H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyDKFZ ‐ German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Torkjel M. Sandanger
- Department of Community MedicineUiT‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF, Human Genetics FoundationTorino10126Italy
- MRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondonW2 1PGUK
| | | | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBS8 2BNUK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ. Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERMVillejuifFrance
- Gustave RoussyVillejuifF‐94805France
- Cancer Epidemiology CentreCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global HealthThe University of MelbourneAustralia
- HuGeF, Human Genetics FoundationTorino10126Italy
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25
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Ben-Shlomo Y, Cooper R, Kuh D. The last two decades of life course epidemiology, and its relevance for research on ageing. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:973-988. [PMID: 27880685 PMCID: PMC5841628 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Martino DJ, Saffery R, Allen KJ, Prescott SL. Epigenetic modifications: mechanisms of disease and biomarkers of food allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 42:9-15. [PMID: 27218660 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rise in IgE-mediated food allergy in recent times is the likely result of gene-environment interactions mediated via epigenetic pathways. As epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are at the interface between the environment and the genome, they may be ideal biomarkers of modifiable disease pathways. High-throughput methylation profiling of immune cell subtypes or whole blood from patients allows the identification of disease specific epigenetic variants. If faithfully tracking with disease parameters, these 'signatures' may have clinical applications as biomarkers of disease or therapeutic response. Development of such tools will depend on a number of factors, including determining the most appropriate experimental approach, analysis methodology, patient groups, and informative target cells/tissues. Here we discuss these potential applications and their implications for food allergy practise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Martino
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Australia; University of Western Australia, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; IN-FLAME International Inflammation Network, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; University of Manchester, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Australia; IN-FLAME International Inflammation Network, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Australia; University of Western Australia, Department of Paediatrics, Australia; IN-FLAME International Inflammation Network, Australia.
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27
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Simpkin AJ, Hemani G, Suderman M, Gaunt TR, Lyttleton O, Mcardle WL, Ring SM, Sharp GC, Tilling K, Horvath S, Kunze S, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Ward-Caviness C, Nohr EA, Sørensen TIA, Relton CL, Smith GD. Prenatal and early life influences on epigenetic age in children: a study of mother-offspring pairs from two cohort studies. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:191-201. [PMID: 26546615 PMCID: PMC4690495 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging are highly correlated with actual age. Departures of methylation-estimated age from actual age can be used to define epigenetic measures of child development or age acceleration (AA) in adults. Very little is known about genetic or environmental determinants of these epigenetic measures of aging. We obtained DNA methylation profiles using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips across five time-points in 1018 mother–child pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Using the Horvath age estimation method, we calculated epigenetic age for these samples. AA was defined as the residuals from regressing epigenetic age on actual age. AA was tested for associations with cross-sectional clinical variables in children. We identified associations between AA and sex, birth weight, birth by caesarean section and several maternal characteristics in pregnancy, namely smoking, weight, BMI, selenium and cholesterol level. Offspring of non-drinkers had higher AA on average but this difference appeared to resolve during childhood. The associations between sex, birth weight and AA found in ARIES were replicated in an independent cohort (GOYA). In children, epigenetic AA measures are associated with several clinically relevant variables, and early life exposures appear to be associated with changes in AA during adolescence. Further research into epigenetic aging, including the use of causal inference methods, is required to better our understanding of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simpkin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine,
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
| | - Oliver Lyttleton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Wendy L Mcardle
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Cavin Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine
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