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Chen X, Zhang M, Zhou N, Zhou W, Qi H. Associations between genetically predicted concentrations of circulating inflammatory cytokines and the risk of ten pregnancy-related adverse outcomes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 180:156661. [PMID: 38795606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from increasing observational studies indicates that systemic inflammation plays a role in pregnancy-related adverse events. However, the causal associations between them are largely unclear. To investigate the potential causal effects of genetically regulated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS The cis-protein quantitative trait loci for the 47 inflammatory cytokines derived from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) consisting of 31,112 European individuals were used as the instrumental variables. The latest GWAS summary data for the ten adverse pregnancy events were obtained from the FinnGen project (samples ranging from 141,014 to 190,879). The inverse-variance weighted regression or Ward ratio was used as the primary MR analysis method. Sensitivity analyses based on the other five methods were performed to verify MR results. A replication MR analysis was conducted to further clarify the significant associations using data from the UK Biobank. RESULTS Twenty-three of the 220 associations were nominally significant (P < 0.05). Among them, seven robust associations survived the Bonferroni correction and passed sensitivity analyses, including positive associations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) with the risk of excessive vomiting in pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE), and pregnancy hypertension (PH), vascular endothelial growth factor with the risk of medical abortion, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) with the risk of spontaneous abortion (SA), and an inverse association of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α with the risk of medical abortion. The associations of MCSF with SA, and sICAM-1 with both PE and PH were further confirmed in the replication analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence of the role of systemic inflammation, especially endothelial dysfunction in the pathology of adverse pregnancy events, and the identified cytokines warrant in-depth research to explore their underlying mechanisms of action and to evaluate their potential as targets for disease screening, prevention, and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhen Chen
- Clinical Research Centre and Chongqing Research Centre for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Clinical Research Centre and Chongqing Research Centre for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Niya Zhou
- Clinical Research Centre and Chongqing Research Centre for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
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2
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Allaband C, Lingaraju A, Flores Ramos S, Kumar T, Javaheri H, Tiu MD, Dantas Machado AC, Richter RA, Elijah E, Haddad GG, Leone VA, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Zarrinpar A. Time of sample collection is critical for the replicability of microbiome analyses. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01064-1. [PMID: 38951660 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
As the microbiome field moves from descriptive and associative research to mechanistic and interventional studies, being able to account for all confounding variables in the experimental design, which includes the maternal effect1, cage effect2, facility differences3, as well as laboratory and sample handling protocols4, is critical for interpretability of results. Despite significant procedural and bioinformatic improvements, unexplained variability and lack of replicability still occur. One underexplored factor is that the microbiome is dynamic and exhibits diurnal oscillations that can change microbiome composition5-7. In this retrospective analysis of 16S amplicon sequencing studies in male mice, we show that sample collection time affects the conclusions drawn from microbiome studies and its effect size is larger than those of a daily experimental intervention or dietary changes. The timing of divergence of the microbiome composition between experimental and control groups is unique to each experiment. Sample collection times as short as only 4 hours apart can lead to vastly different conclusions. Lack of consistency in the time of sample collection may explain poor cross-study replicability in microbiome research. The impact of diurnal rhythms on the outcomes and study design of other fields is unknown but likely significant.
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Grants
- HL157445, AI163483, HL148801, CA265719 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- OD017863 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- GM719876 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- HL148801-02S1 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- HL157445 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- DK120515, DK063491, CA014195, AA011999, TR001442 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- I01 BX005707 BLRD VA
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Allaband
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amulya Lingaraju
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Haniyeh Javaheri
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria D Tiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - R Alexander Richter
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Elijah
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Computational Mass Spectrometry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Jennifer Moreno Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Häkkinen I, Yazgeldi Gunaydin G, Pyöriä L, Kojima S, Parrish N, Perdomo MF, Wedenoja J, Hedman K, Heinonen S, Kajantie E, Laivuori H, Kere J, Katayama S, Wedenoja S. Fetal cord plasma herpesviruses and preeclampsia: an observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14605. [PMID: 38918446 PMCID: PMC11199493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A previous study suggested that fetal inheritance of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ici-HHV6) is associated with the hypertensive pregnancy disorder preeclampsia (PE). We aimed to study this question utilizing cord plasma samples (n = 1276) of the Finnish Genetics of Preeclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort: 539 from a pregnancy with PE and 737 without. We studied these samples and 30 placentas from PE pregnancies by a multiplex qPCR for the DNAs of all nine human herpesviruses. To assess the population prevalence of iciHHV-6, we studied whole-genome sequencing data from blood-derived DNA of 3421 biobank subjects. Any herpes viral DNA was detected in only two (0.37%) PE and one (0.14%) control sample (OR 2.74, 95% CI 0.25-30.4). One PE sample contained iciHHV-6B and another HHV-7 DNA. The control's DNA was of iciHHV-6B; the fetus having growth restriction and preterm birth without PE diagnosis. Placentas showed no herpesviruses. In the biobank data, 3 of 3421 subjects (0.08%) had low level HHV-6B but no iciHHV-6. While iciHHV-6 proved extremely rare, both fetuses with iciHHV-6B were growth-restricted, preterm, and from a pregnancy with maternal hypertension. Our findings suggest that human herpesviruses are not a significant cause of PE, whereas iciHHV-6 may pose some fetal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Häkkinen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gamze Yazgeldi Gunaydin
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lari Pyöriä
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shohei Kojima
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicholas Parrish
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maria F Perdomo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Heinonen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Wedenoja
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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González-Colom R, Mitra K, Vela E, Gezsi A, Paajanen T, Gál Z, Hullam G, Mäkinen H, Nagy T, Kuokkanen M, Piera-Jiménez J, Roca J, Antal P, Juhasz G, Cano I. Multicentric Assessment of a Multimorbidity-Adjusted Disability Score to Stratify Depression-Related Risks Using Temporal Disease Maps: Instrument Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53162. [PMID: 38913991 DOI: 10.2196/53162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive management of multimorbidity can significantly benefit from advanced health risk assessment tools that facilitate value-based interventions, allowing for the assessment and prediction of disease progression. Our study proposes a novel methodology, the Multimorbidity-Adjusted Disability Score (MADS), which integrates disease trajectory methodologies with advanced techniques for assessing interdependencies among concurrent diseases. This approach is designed to better assess the clinical burden of clusters of interrelated diseases and enhance our ability to anticipate disease progression, thereby potentially informing targeted preventive care interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the MADS in stratifying patients into clinically relevant risk groups based on their multimorbidity profiles, which accurately reflect their clinical complexity and the probabilities of developing new associated disease conditions. METHODS In a retrospective multicentric cohort study, we developed the MADS by analyzing disease trajectories and applying Bayesian statistics to determine disease-disease probabilities combined with well-established disability weights. We used major depressive disorder (MDD) as a primary case study for this evaluation. We stratified patients into different risk levels corresponding to different percentiles of MADS distribution. We statistically assessed the association of MADS risk strata with mortality, health care resource use, and disease progression across 1 million individuals from Spain, the United Kingdom, and Finland. RESULTS The results revealed significantly different distributions of the assessed outcomes across the MADS risk tiers, including mortality rates; primary care visits; specialized care outpatient consultations; visits in mental health specialized centers; emergency room visits; hospitalizations; pharmacological and nonpharmacological expenditures; and dispensation of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, and antidepressants (P<.001 in all cases). Moreover, the results of the pairwise comparisons between adjacent risk tiers illustrate a substantial and gradual pattern of increased mortality rate, heightened health care use, increased health care expenditures, and a raised pharmacological burden as individuals progress from lower MADS risk tiers to higher-risk tiers. The analysis also revealed an augmented risk of multimorbidity progression within the high-risk groups, aligned with a higher incidence of new onsets of MDD-related diseases. CONCLUSIONS The MADS seems to be a promising approach for predicting health risks associated with multimorbidity. It might complement current risk assessment state-of-the-art tools by providing valuable insights for tailored epidemiological impact analyses of clusters of interrelated diseases and by accurately assessing multimorbidity progression risks. This study paves the way for innovative digital developments to support advanced health risk assessment strategies. Further validation is required to generalize its use beyond the initial case study of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubèn González-Colom
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kangkana Mitra
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emili Vela
- Catalan Health Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andras Gezsi
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Teemu Paajanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Health and Welfare Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zsófia Gál
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Hullam
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hannu Mäkinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Health and Welfare Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Health and Welfare Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine at University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordi Piera-Jiménez
- Catalan Health Service, Barcelona, Spain
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Informatics, Telecommunications and Multimedia, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Roca
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Isaac Cano
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Sulkava S, Haukka J, Kaivola K, Doagu F, Lahtinen A, Kantojärvi K, Pärn K, Palta P, Myllykangas L, Sulkava R, Laatikainen T, Tienari PJ, Paunio T. Job-related exhaustion risk variant in UST is associated with dementia and DNA methylation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13668. [PMID: 38871764 PMCID: PMC11176189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association and replication study for job-related exhaustion indicated a risk variant, rs13219957 in the UST gene. Epidemiological studies suggest connection of stress-related conditions and dementia risk. Therefore, we first studied association of rs13219957 and register-based incident dementia using survival models in the Finnish National FINRISK study surveys (N = 26,693). The AA genotype of rs13219957 was significantly associated with 40% increased risk of all-cause dementia. Then we analysed the UST locus association with brain pathology in the Vantaa 85+ cohort and found association with tau pathology (Braak stage) but not with amyloid pathology. Finally, in the functional analyses, rs13219957 showed a highly significant association with two DNA methylation sites of UST, and UST expression. Thus, the results suggest a common risk variant for a stress-related condition and dementia. Mechanisms to mediate the connection may include differential DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation of UST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sulkava
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Translational Immunology Program, Department of Neurology, Brain Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fatma Doagu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Lahtinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Pärn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Sulkava
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Amia Memory Clinics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Translational Immunology Program, Department of Neurology, Brain Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Kullberg RFJ, Wikki I, Haak BW, Kauko A, Galenkamp H, Peters-Sengers H, Butler JM, Havulinna AS, Palmu J, McDonald D, Benchraka C, Abdel-Aziz MI, Prins M, Maitland van der Zee AH, van den Born BJ, Jousilahti P, de Vos WM, Salomaa V, Knight R, Lahti L, Nieuwdorp M, Niiranen T, Wiersinga WJ. Association between butyrate-producing gut bacteria and the risk of infectious disease hospitalisation: results from two observational, population-based microbiome studies. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024:S2666-5247(24)00079-X. [PMID: 38909617 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiota alterations are common in patients hospitalised for severe infections, and preclinical models have shown that anaerobic butyrate-producing gut bacteria protect against systemic infections. However, the relationship between microbiota disruptions and increased susceptibility to severe infections in humans remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and the risk of future infection-related hospitalisation in two large population-based cohorts. METHODS In this observational microbiome study, gut microbiota were characterised using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in independent population-based cohorts from the Netherlands (HELIUS study; derivation cohort) and Finland (FINRISK 2002 study; validation cohort). HELIUS was conducted in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and included adults (aged 18-70 years at inclusion) who were randomly sampled from the municipality register of Amsterdam. FINRISK 2002 was conducted in six regions in Finland and is a population survey that included a random sample of adults (aged 25-74 years). In both cohorts, participants completed questionnaires, underwent a physical examination, and provided a faecal sample at inclusion (Jan 3, 2013, to Nov 27, 2015, for HELIUS participants and Jan 21 to April 19, 2002, for FINRISK participants. For inclusion in our study, a faecal sample needed to be provided and successfully sequenced, and national registry data needed to be available. Primary predictor variables were microbiota composition, diversity, and relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria. Our primary outcome was hospitalisation or mortality due to any infectious disease during 5-7-year follow-up after faecal sample collection, based on national registry data. We examined associations between microbiota and infection risk using microbial ecology and Cox proportional hazards. FINDINGS We profiled gut microbiota from 10 699 participants (4248 [39·7%] from the derivation cohort and 6451 [60·3%] from the validation cohort). 602 (5·6%) participants (152 [3·6%] from the derivation cohort; 450 [7·0%] from the validation cohort) were hospitalised or died due to infections during follow-up. Gut microbiota composition of these participants differed from those without hospitalisation for infections (derivation p=0·041; validation p=0·0002). Specifically, higher relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation for infections (derivation cohort cause-specific hazard ratio 0·75 [95% CI 0·60-0·94] per 10% increase in butyrate producers, p=0·013; validation cohort 0·86 [0·77-0·96] per 10% increase, p=0·0077). These associations remained unchanged following adjustment for demographics, lifestyle, antibiotic exposure, and comorbidities. INTERPRETATION Gut microbiota composition, specifically colonisation with butyrate-producing bacteria, was associated with protection against hospitalisation for infectious diseases in the general population across two independent European cohorts. Further studies should investigate whether modulation of the microbiome can reduce the risk of severe infections. FUNDING Amsterdam UMC, Porticus, National Institutes of Health, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), and Leducq Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F J Kullberg
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Irina Wikki
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anni Kauko
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joe M Butler
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bert-Jan van den Born
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Gueltzow M, Lahtinen H, Bijlsma MJ, Myrskylä M, Martikainen P. Genetic propensity to depression and the role of partnership status. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116992. [PMID: 38772210 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Social relationships and genetic propensity are known to affect depression risk, but their joint effects are poorly understood. This study examined the association of a polygenic index for depression with time to antidepressant (AD) purchasing and the moderating role of partnership status. We analysed data from 30,192 Finnish individuals who participated in the FINRISK and Health 2000 and 2011 surveys and had register and medication data available. We measured genetic risk with a polygenic index (PGI) for depression. Depression was assessed through antidepressant purchases. We estimated an accelerated failure time model with partnership status as time-varying and different sets of confounder adjustments. The predicted cumulative hazard of antidepressant purchasing varied across PGI and partnership status. At follow-up year 10, being widowed was associated with the largest cumulative hazard of 0.34 (95%CI: 0.28-0.39) in the 80th and 0.20 (95%CI: 0.17-0.23) in the 20th PGI percentile, followed by divorced, single, married and cohabiting. Cohabiting was associated with a cumulative hazard of 0.19 (95%CI: 0.16-0.23) in the 80th and 0.11 (95%CI: 0.1-0.13) in the 20th PGI percentile. We found no evidence for an interaction between the PGI and partnership status. Results were robust to different model specifications, gender stratification, and the choice of PGI. Although antidepressant purchasing correlated with both PGI and partnership status, we found no evidence that partnership status could partially offset or amplify the association between the PGI for depression and antidepressant purchasing incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gueltzow
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Lahtinen
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarten J Bijlsma
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Unit PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology, and -Economics (PTEE), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mikko Myrskylä
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany; Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Max Planck - University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Rostock, Germany and Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Demography and Population Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Mäki P, Harald K, Lindström J, Männistö S, Laatikainen T. Association of adiposity with morbidity in Finnish adults: A register-based follow-up study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:461-467. [PMID: 36916274 PMCID: PMC11179310 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221148053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to update risk estimates of obesity related co-morbidities and to provide evidence of the importance of obesity prevention to decision makers. METHODS The study included 25- to 74-year-old participants (N=22,977) of the National FINRISK Studies in 1997, 2002 and 2007. Body mass index was calculated from measured weight and height at baseline. Data on morbidity were ascertained via linkage to the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Cancer Register and the records of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland until the end of year 2018. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate associations between weight status and the risk of the end-point diseases during follow-up, with adjustment for age and smoking. RESULTS At baseline, 31% of participants had at least one of the investigated diseases. Overweight, obesity and severe obesity were associated with type 2 diabetes, gout, gallbladder diseases and knee and hip osteoarthritis during the follow-up in both men and women. The risk of coronary heart disease was increased in men who were overweight, obese and severely obese and in women who were obese and severely obese. Risk of asthma was increased only among women who were obese and severely obese. No associations were found between obesity and breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a strong relationship between excess body weight and the prevalence and incidence of several diseases. Obesity prevention is essential to reduce disease burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Mäki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun sote), Finland
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9
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Alkhaldy AA, Aljaadi AM, Jalil AMM, Alyoubi DA, Saleemani HH, Eid RH, Almohmadi NH, Al-Otaibi HH, Ajabnoor SM. Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38649978 PMCID: PMC11034115 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many countries use national nutrition surveys (NNSs) to assess their population's health and nutrition needs. However, NNS aims, approaches, tools, and measurements vary among countries. To date, there has been no review evaluating the NNSs and their practices worldwide to help conduct future NSSs. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to 1) explore and tabulate current NNSs in five continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia) and 2) help lay the foundation for establishing clear guidelines for future NNSs. The NNSs were identified using two approaches. First, an electronic database search was conducted with key terms in PubMed database. Second, a general web-based search on the survey webpages of governmental organizations was conducted using the same key terms to identify eligible surveys. The review included general adult population (≥ 18 years) with a cross-sectional design, excluding NNSs related to household-only surveys, specific age groups, or insufficient sample sizes. A total of 41 NNSs were identified in 37 countries across four continents: Asia (n = 15), Europe (n = 21), North America (n = 3), and Australia (n = 2). Broad differences between the surveys were identified, including survey purposes and designs, definitions of geographic areas and target groups, and dietary assessments. Currently, there are 26 ongoing NNSs, while 15 have ended. Among the ongoing NNSs, the cycles of the surveys were either at regular intervals (n = 8) or irregular intervals (n = 8). Of the 41 surveys, 24-h dietary recalls were used in 27 surveys, while only 6 surveys used diet diaries and 8 surveys relied on FFQs. Some surveys (n = 17) utilized multiple tools to assess dietary intake. Most of the surveys that assessed biochemical status (n = 12) focused on blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid status, whereas some surveys (n = 6) tested for vitamin and mineral status in blood and/or urine samples. The review identified key characteristics, time frames, sampling methods, and dietary and physical assessment methods obtained from different surveys worldwide. The information organized in this review will be important for researchers, policymakers, and public health programme developers in developing and improving NNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Alkhaldy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer M Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbe M Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21300, Malaysia
| | - Doaa A Alyoubi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen H Saleemani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba H Eid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala H Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Karregat JHM, Ekroos S, Castrén J, Arvas M, van den Hurk K. Iron status in Dutch and Finnish blood donor and general populations: A cross-cohort comparison study. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38622934 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood donors are at risk of developing iron deficiency (ID) (ferritin <15 μg/L, World Health Organization definition). Blood services implement different strategies to mitigate this risk. Although in Finland risk group-based iron supplementation is in place, no iron supplementation is provided in the Netherlands. We aim to describe differences in ferritin levels and ID prevalence in donor and general populations in these countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six cohorts, stratified based on sex, and for women age, in the Netherlands and Finland were used to evaluate differences in ferritin levels and ID between donor populations (Donor InSight-III and FinDonor 10,000) and general populations (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease [PREVEND], FinRisk 1997 and Health 2000) and newly registered Dutch donors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify associations of various explanatory factors with ID. RESULTS In total, 13,443 Dutch and 13,933 Finnish subjects were included. Donors, except for women aged ≤50 years old in Finland, had lower median ferritin levels compared with the general population and new donors. Dutch regular blood donors had higher or similar prevalence of ID as compared with the Dutch general population, including new donors. In contrast, Finnish donors showed similar prevalence of ID compared with the general population, except for a markedly lower prevalence in ≤50-year-old women who routinely receive iron supplements when donating. CONCLUSION Iron status in blood donors differs from that in the general population. The Finnish blood service donor management policy, for example, iron supplementation for risk groups, seemingly protects young female blood donors from developing ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H M Karregat
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Ekroos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Castrén
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service (FRCBS), Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Arvas
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service (FRCBS), Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Donor Studies, Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Allaouat S, Halonen JI, Jussila JJ, Tiittanen P, Ervasti J, Ngandu T, Mikkonen S, Yli-Tuomi T, Jousilahti P, Lanki T. Association between active commuting and low-grade inflammation: a population-based cross-sectional study. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:292-298. [PMID: 38066664 PMCID: PMC10990550 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that physical activity lowers circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, little is known about the association between regular active commuting, i.e. walking or cycling to work, and CRP concentrations. This study examines whether active commuting is associated with lower CRP. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using population-based FINRISK data from 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012. Participants were working adults living in Finland (n = 6208; mean age = 44 years; 53.6% women). We used linear and additive models adjusted for potential confounders to analyze whether daily active commuting, defined as the time spent walking or cycling to work, was associated with lower high-sensitivity (hs-) CRP serum concentrations compared with passive commuting. RESULTS We observed that daily active commuting for 45 min or more (vs. none) was associated with lower hs-CRP [% mean difference in the main model: -16.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) -25.6% to -7.0%), and results were robust to adjustment for leisure-time and occupational physical activity, as well as diet. Similarly, active commuting for 15-29 min daily was associated with lower hs-CRP in the main model (-7.4; 95% CI -14.1 to -0.2), but the association attenuated to null after further adjustments. In subgroup analyses, associations were only observed for women. CONCLUSIONS Active commuting for at least 45 min a day was associated with lower levels of low-grade inflammation. Promoting active modes of transport may lead not only to reduced emissions from motorized traffic but also to population-level health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Allaouat
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juuso J Jussila
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Tiittanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Yli-Tuomi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio and Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Youssef O, Loukola A, Zidi-Mouaffak YHS, Tamlander M, Ruotsalainen S, Kilpeläinen E, Mars N, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Donner K, Carpén O. High-Resolution Genotyping of Formalin-Fixed Tissue Accurately Estimates Polygenic Risk Scores in Human Diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100325. [PMID: 38220043 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored in biobanks and pathology archives are a vast but underutilized source for molecular studies on different diseases. Beyond being the "gold standard" for preservation of diagnostic human tissues, FFPE samples retain similar genetic information as matching blood samples, which could make FFPE samples an ideal resource for genomic analysis. However, research on this resource has been hindered by the perception that DNA extracted from FFPE samples is of poor quality. Here, we show that germline disease-predisposing variants and polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be identified from FFPE normal tissue (FFPE-NT) DNA with high accuracy. We optimized the performance of FFPE-NT DNA on a genome-wide array containing 657,675 variants. Via a series of testing and validation phases, we established a protocol for FFPE-NT genotyping with results comparable with blood genotyping. The median call rate of FFPE-NT samples in the validation phase was 99.85% (range 98.26%-99.94%) and median concordance with matching blood samples was 99.79% (range 98.85%-99.9%). We also demonstrated that a rare pathogenic PALB2 genetic variant predisposing to cancer can be correctly identified in FFPE-NT samples. We further imputed the FFPE-NT genotype data and calculated the FFPE-NT genome-wide PRS in 3 diseases and 4 disease risk variables. In all cases, FFPE-NT and matching blood PRS were highly concordant (all Pearson's r > 0.95). The ability to precisely genotype FFPE-NT on a genome-wide array enables translational genomics applications of archived FFPE-NT samples with the possibility to link to corresponding phenotypes and longitudinal health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu Loukola
- Helsinki Biobank, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yossra H S Zidi-Mouaffak
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Biobank, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Tamlander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Kilpeläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kati Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Biobank, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Tammi R, Kaartinen NE, Harald K, Maukonen M, Tapanainen H, Smith-Warner SA, Albanes D, Eriksson JG, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Laaksonen MA, Heikkinen S, Pitkäniemi J, Pajari AM, Männistö S. Partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of colorectal cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 2024; 39:419-428. [PMID: 38253935 PMCID: PMC11101510 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shifting from animal-based to plant-based diets could reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Currently, the impacts of these dietary shifts on CRC risk are ill-defined. Therefore, we examined partial substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables, fruits or a combination of these in relation to CRC risk in Finnish adults. METHODS We pooled five Finnish cohorts, resulting in 43 788 participants aged ≥ 25 years (79% men). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires at study enrolment. We modelled partial substitutions of red (100 g/week) or processed meat (50 g/week) with corresponding amounts of plant-based foods. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) for CRC were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and pooled together using random-effects models. Adjustments included age, sex, energy intake and other relevant confounders. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 28.8 years, 1124 CRCs were diagnosed. We observed small risk reductions when red meat was substituted with vegetables (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 - 0.99), fruits (0.97, 0.94 - 0.99), or whole grains, vegetables and fruits combined (0.97, 0.95 - 0.99). For processed meat, these substitutions yielded 1% risk reductions. Substituting red or processed meat with whole grains was associated with a decreased CRC risk only in participants with < median whole grain intake (0.92, 0.86 - 0.98; 0.96, 0.93 - 0.99, respectively; pinteraction=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Even small, easily implemented substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables or fruits could lower CRC risk in a population with high meat consumption. These findings broaden our insight into dietary modifications that could foster CRC primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilla Tammi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland.
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Kennet Harald
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Maarit A Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
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14
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Syrjäläinen S, Männistö S, Könönen E, Pussinen P, Gürsoy M, Suominen AL, Jousilahti P, Gürsoy UK. Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross-sectional analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:406-416. [PMID: 38158626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis after controlling for body mass index (BMI), socio-demographic factors and lifestyle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgroups from two Finnish surveys, DILGOM 2007 and Health 2000, were included (total n = 727). The DII scores were calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was assessed with a cumulative risk score in DILGOM 2007 and by pocket depth measurement in Health 2000. From saliva, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured. RESULTS The DII scores did not differ between non-periodontitis and periodontitis participants in pairwise comparison. After adjusting for energy intake, periodontal status, BMI, age, education level, smoking habit and physical activity, DII was not associated with salivary cytokine concentrations. After adjusting for salivary cytokine levels and other confounding factors, DII was associated with periodontitis in the Health 2000 subgroup but not in the DILGOM 2007 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The current data support the evidence that diet is not associated with salivary cytokine levels but may be associated with periodontitis. The association observed between diet and periodontitis is related to factors other than diet-dependent inflammatory tendency in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Syrjäläinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Teaching Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Liu Y, Ritchie SC, Teo SM, Ruuskanen MO, Kambur O, Zhu Q, Sanders J, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Verspoor K, Jousilahti P, Lahti L, Niiranen T, Salomaa V, Havulinna AS, Knight R, Méric G, Inouye M. Integration of polygenic and gut metagenomic risk prediction for common diseases. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:584-594. [PMID: 38528230 PMCID: PMC11031402 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiomics has shown promise in noninvasive risk profiling and early detection of various common diseases. In the present study, in a prospective population-based cohort with ~18 years of e-health record follow-up, we investigated the incremental and combined value of genomic and gut metagenomic risk assessment compared with conventional risk factors for predicting incident coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer disease and prostate cancer. We found that polygenic risk scores (PRSs) improved prediction over conventional risk factors for all diseases. Gut microbiome scores improved predictive capacity over baseline age for CAD, T2D and prostate cancer. Integrated risk models of PRSs, gut microbiome scores and conventional risk factors achieved the highest predictive performance for all diseases studied compared with models based on conventional risk factors alone. The present study demonstrates that integrated PRSs and gut metagenomic risk models improve the predictive value over conventional risk factors for common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matti O Ruuskanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Oleg Kambur
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jon Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karin Verspoor
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
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16
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Krishna C, Tervi A, Saffern M, Wilson EA, Yoo SK, Mars N, Roudko V, Cho BA, Jones SE, Vaninov N, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Lenz TL, Merad M, Boffetta P, Martínez-Jiménez F, Ollila HM, Samstein RM, Chowell D. An immunogenetic basis for lung cancer risk. Science 2024; 383:eadi3808. [PMID: 38386728 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer risk is influenced by inherited mutations, DNA replication errors, and environmental factors. However, the influence of genetic variation in immunosurveillance on cancer risk is not well understood. Leveraging population-level data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, we show that heterozygosity at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II loci is associated with reduced lung cancer risk in smokers. Fine-mapping implicated amino acid heterozygosity in the HLA-II peptide binding groove in reduced lung cancer risk, and single-cell analyses showed that smoking drives enrichment of proinflammatory lung macrophages and HLA-II+ epithelial cells. In lung cancer, widespread loss of HLA-II heterozygosity (LOH) favored loss of alleles with larger neopeptide repertoires. Thus, our findings nominate genetic variation in immunosurveillance as a critical risk factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Krishna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anniina Tervi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Miriam Saffern
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric A Wilson
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladimir Roudko
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Byuri Angela Cho
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Edward Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Natalie Vaninov
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert M Samstein
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Lawrence ES, Gu W, Bohlender RJ, Anza-Ramirez C, Cole AM, Yu JJ, Hu H, Heinrich EC, O’Brien KA, Vasquez CA, Cowan QT, Bruck PT, Mercader K, Alotaibi M, Long T, Hall JE, Moya EA, Bauk MA, Reeves JJ, Kong MC, Salem RM, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Macarlupu JL, Figueroa-Mujíca R, Bermudez D, Corante N, Gaio E, Fox KP, Salomaa V, Havulinna AS, Murray AJ, Malhotra A, Powel FL, Jain M, Komor AC, Cavalleri GL, Huff CD, Villafuerte FC, Simonson TS. Functional EPAS1/ HIF2A missense variant is associated with hematocrit in Andean highlanders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5661. [PMID: 38335297 PMCID: PMC10857371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway genes are linked to adaptation in both human and nonhuman highland species. EPAS1, a notable target of hypoxia adaptation, is associated with relatively lower hemoglobin concentration in Tibetans. We provide evidence for an association between an adaptive EPAS1 variant (rs570553380) and the same phenotype of relatively low hematocrit in Andean highlanders. This Andean-specific missense variant is present at a modest frequency in Andeans and absent in other human populations and vertebrate species except the coelacanth. CRISPR-base-edited human cells with this variant exhibit shifts in hypoxia-regulated gene expression, while metabolomic analyses reveal both genotype and phenotype associations and validation in a lowland population. Although this genocopy of relatively lower hematocrit in Andean highlanders parallels well-replicated findings in Tibetans, it likely involves distinct pathway responses based on a protein-coding versus noncoding variants, respectively. These findings illuminate how unique variants at EPAS1 contribute to the same phenotype in Tibetans and a subset of Andean highlanders despite distinct evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Anza-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Amy M. Cole
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Katie A. O’Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Carlos A. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quinn T. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T. Bruck
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kysha Mercader
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sapient Bioanalytics, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco A. Bauk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell C. Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rany M. Salem
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jose-Luis Macarlupu
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rómulo Figueroa-Mujíca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Noemi Corante
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Eduardo Gaio
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Keolu P. Fox
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM-HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank L. Powel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sapient Bioanalytics, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexis C. Komor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Fisiología de del Transporte de Oxígeno-LID, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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18
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Roos E, Heikkinen S, Seppä K, Pietiläinen O, Ryynänen H, Laaksonen M, Roos T, Knekt P, Männistö S, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Eriksson JG, Malila N, Rahkonen O, Pitkäniemi J. Pairwise association of key lifestyle factors and risk of solid cancers - A prospective pooled multi-cohort register study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102607. [PMID: 38298822 PMCID: PMC10828451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity are key lifestyle risk factors for cancer. Previously these have been mostly examined singly or combined as an index, assuming independent and equivalent effects to cancer risk. The aim of our study was to systematically examine the joint pairwise and interactive effects of these lifestyle factors on the risk of a first solid primary cancer in a multi-cohort prospective setting. We used pooled data from seven Finnish health survey studies during 1972-2015, with 197,551 participants diagnosed with 16,373 solid malignant primary tumors during follow-up. Incidence of any cancer was analyzed separately without and with lung cancers using Poisson regression with main and interaction effects of key lifestyle factors. When excluding lung cancer, the highest risk of any cancer in men was observed for smokers with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (HR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.25-1.48) and in women for smokers consuming alcohol (HR 1.22, 1.14-1.30). No statistically significant interactions between any studied risk factor pairs were observed. When including lung cancer, the highest HRs among men were observed for smokers who consume alcohol (HR 1.72, 1.57-1.89) and among women for smokers who were physically inactive (HR 1.38, 1.27-1.49). Smoking combined with other lifestyle factors at any exposure level resulted in highest pairwise risks, both in men and women. These results highlight the importance of smoking prevention, but also the importance of preventing obesity and reducing alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eira Roos
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Ryynänen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Laaksonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Teemu Roos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
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19
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Koponen K, Kambur O, Joseph B, Ruuskanen MO, Jousilahti P, Salido R, Brennan C, Jain M, Meric G, Inouye M, Lahti L, Niiranen T, Havulinna AS, Knight R, Salomaa V. Role of Gut Microbiota in Statin-Associated New-Onset Diabetes-A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Analysis of the FINRISK 2002 Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:477-487. [PMID: 37970720 PMCID: PMC10805357 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is treated effectively with statins, but treatment has the potential to induce new-onset type-2 diabetes. Gut microbiota may contribute to this outcome variability. We assessed the associations of gut microbiota diversity and composition with statins. Bacterial associations with statin-associated new-onset type-2 diabetes (T2D) risk were also prospectively evaluated. METHODS We examined shallow-shotgun-sequenced fecal samples from 5755 individuals in the FINRISK-2002 population cohort with a 17+-year-long register-based follow-up. Alpha-diversity was quantified using Shannon index and beta-diversity with Aitchison distance. Species-specific differential abundances were analyzed using general multivariate regression. Prospective associations were assessed with Cox regression. Applicable results were validated using gradient boosting. RESULTS Statin use associated with differing taxonomic composition (R2, 0.02%; q=0.02) and 13 differentially abundant species in fully adjusted models (MaAsLin; q<0.05). The strongest positive association was with Clostridium sartagoforme (β=0.37; SE=0.13; q=0.02) and the strongest negative association with Bacteroides cellulosilyticus (β=-0.31; SE=0.11; q=0.02). Twenty-five microbial features had significant associations with incident T2D in statin users, of which only Bacteroides vulgatus (HR, 1.286 [1.136-1.457]; q=0.03) was consistent regardless of model adjustment. Finally, higher statin-associated T2D risk was seen with [Ruminococcus] torques (ΔHRstatins, +0.11; q=0.03), Blautia obeum (ΔHRstatins, +0.06; q=0.01), Blautia sp. KLE 1732 (ΔHRstatins, +0.05; q=0.01), and beta-diversity principal component 1 (ΔHRstatin, +0.07; q=0.03) but only when adjusting for demographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS Statin users have compositionally differing microbiotas from nonusers. The human gut microbiota is associated with incident T2D risk in statin users and possibly has additive effects on statin-associated new-onset T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Oleg Kambur
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Bijoy Joseph
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Rodolfo Salido
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering (R.S., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology (M.J.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.M., M.I.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (G.M.)
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.M., M.I.)
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.I.)
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland (M.O.R., L.L.)
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland (T.N.)
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FiMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H.)
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering (R.S., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Microbiome Innovation (R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
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20
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Alotaibi M, Harvey LD, Nichols WC, Pauciulo MW, Hemnes A, Long T, Watrous JD, Begzati A, Tuomilehto J, Havulinna AS, Niiranen TJ, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Bertero T, Kim NH, Desai AA, Malhotra A, Yuan JXJ, Cheng S, Chan SY, Jain M. Pulmonary primary oxysterol and bile acid synthesis as a predictor of outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576474. [PMID: 38328113 PMCID: PMC10849469 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and fatal vascular disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. To date, molecular determinants underlying the development of PAH and related outcomes remain poorly understood. Herein, we identify pulmonary primary oxysterol and bile acid synthesis (PPOBAS) as a previously unrecognized pathway central to PAH pathophysiology. Mass spectrometry analysis of 2,756 individuals across five independent studies revealed 51 distinct circulating metabolites that predicted PAH-related mortality and were enriched within the PPOBAS pathway. Across independent single-center PAH studies, PPOBAS pathway metabolites were also associated with multiple cardiopulmonary measures of PAH-specific pathophysiology. Furthermore, PPOBAS metabolites were found to be increased in human and rodent PAH lung tissue and specifically produced by pulmonary endothelial cells, consistent with pulmonary origin. Finally, a poly-metabolite risk score comprising 13 PPOBAS molecules was found to not only predict PAH-related mortality but also outperform current clinical risk scores. This work identifies PPOBAS as specifically altered within PAH and establishes needed prognostic biomarkers for guiding therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lloyd D. Harvey
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William C. Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeramie D. Watrous
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arjana Begzati
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nick H. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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21
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Tolonen H, Reinikainen J, Zhou Z, Härkänen T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Paalanen L, Lundqvist A, Laatikainen T. Development of non-communicable disease risk factors in Finland: projections up to 2040. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1231-1238. [PMID: 35891611 PMCID: PMC10642220 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. They share the same behavioural risk factors (smoking, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and an unhealthy diet), all of which are modifiable risk factors, and biological consequences (hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, obesity and diabetes). METHODS Using data from a series of cross-sectional health examination surveys conducted among the adult population in Finland from 1997 to 2017, a projection of risk factor development (smoking, leisure time sedentary behaviour, hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, overweight and obesity, and diabetes) up to the year 2040 was made. The projections were estimated using a multiple imputation method. RESULTS Smoking prevalence is estimated to continue to decline up to 2040, similar to hypertension and elevated total cholesterol. By contrast, obesity and diabetes will develop unfavourably, with an increase in prevalence. The increase in obesity is mainly due to polarisation - that is, normal-weight people remain of a normal weight, but overweight people tend to gain more weight and become obese. The observed and estimated changes for leisure time sedentary lifestyle were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Projections of risk factors for non-communicable diseases are needed to guide public health policies and programmes, decision-making and the allocation of health care resources for prevention and care. In Finland, favourable developments have been seen in many of the risk factors, but obesity and diabetes show unfavourable development. There is a need to continue regular, systematic monitoring of the development of risk factors through health examination surveys and to set national goals and programmes to tackle the existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tolonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Jaakko Reinikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Laura Paalanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Annamari Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
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22
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Vartiainen VA, jousilahti P, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E. Contribution of smoking change to 45-year trend in prevalence of chronic bronchitis in Finland. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1189-1195. [PMID: 35722986 PMCID: PMC10642213 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tobacco smoking has been identified as the most important risk factor of chronic bronchitis. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of smoking to the trends in prevalence of chronic bronchitis among men and women in Finland. METHODS For this purpose, we analysed questionnaires included in national FINRISK and FinHealth studies conducted between 1972 and 2017 in 5-year intervals. A total of 26,475 men and 28,684 women aged 30-59 years were included in the analysis. In addition to smoking, age and socioeconomic status were used as risk factors in the logistic regression model. RESULTS Smoking in Finland has declined from 51% to 23% in men between 1972 and 2017. In women, it increased from 11% in 1972 to 23% in 2002, with a following decrease to 16% in 2017. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis has generally followed the trend of smoking. The population attributable risk was 60% in men and 49% in women. A decrease in chronic bronchitis was observed in male never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is currently declining in Finland in both men and women. As result, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis is declining and it is approaching baseline independent of smoking. The decrease in never-smokers has yet to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville A Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Care (Siun Sote), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Gou W, Miao Z, Deng K, Zheng JS. Nutri-microbiome epidemiology, an emerging field to disentangle the interplay between nutrition and microbiome for human health. Protein Cell 2023; 14:787-806. [PMID: 37099800 PMCID: PMC10636640 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutrition have a substantial impact on the human microbiome, and interact with the microbiome, especially gut microbiome, to modulate various diseases and health status. Microbiome research has also guided the nutrition field to a more integrative direction, becoming an essential component of the rising area of precision nutrition. In this review, we provide a broad insight into the interplay among diet, nutrition, microbiome, and microbial metabolites for their roles in the human health. Among the microbiome epidemiological studies regarding the associations of diet and nutrition with microbiome and its derived metabolites, we summarize those most reliable findings and highlight evidence for the relationships between diet and disease-associated microbiome and its functional readout. Then, the latest advances of the microbiome-based precision nutrition research and multidisciplinary integration are described. Finally, we discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities in the field of nutri-microbiome epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Gou
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zelei Miao
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kui Deng
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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24
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Lledós M, Prats-Sánchez L, Llucià-Carol L, Cárcel-Márquez J, Muiño E, Cullell N, Gallego-Fabrega C, Martín-Campos JM, Aguilera-Simón A, Guasch-Jiménez M, Guisado-Alonso D, Ramos-Pachón A, Martínez-Domeño A, Izquierdo A, Marín R, Camps-Renom P, Martí-Fàbregas J, Fernández-Cadenas I. Ischaemic stroke patients present sex differences in gut microbiota. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3497-3506. [PMID: 37329328 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota plays a role in the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke (IS) through the bidirectional gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, little is known about sex-specific microbiota signatures in IS occurrence. METHODS A total of 89 IS patients and 12 healthy controls were enrolled. We studied the taxonomic differences of the gut microbiota between men and women with IS by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. To evaluate the causal effect of several bacteria on IS risk, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) with inverse-variance weighting (IVW) using genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) summary statistics from two cohorts of 5959 subjects with genetic and microbiota data and 1,296,908 subjects with genetic and IS data, respectively. RESULTS α-Diversity analysis measured using Observed Species (p = 0.017), Chao1 (p = 0.009) and Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (p = 0.012) indexes revealed that IS men have a higher species richness compared with IS women. Moreover, we found sex-differences in IS patients in relation to the phylum Fusobacteria, class Fusobacteriia, order Fusobacteriales and family Fusobacteriaceae (all Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.001). MR confirmed that increased Fusobacteriaceae levels in the gut are causally associated with an increased risk of IS (IVW p = 0.02, β = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to indicate that there are gut microbiome differences between men and women with IS, identifying high levels of Fusobacteriaceae in women as a specific risk factor for IS. Incorporating sex stratification analysis is important in the design, analysis and interpretation of studies on stroke and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Lledós
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Prats-Sánchez
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Llucià-Carol
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jara Cárcel-Márquez
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Muiño
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Cullell
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Fundación Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Cristina Gallego-Fabrega
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Martín-Campos
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Aguilera-Simón
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Guasch-Jiménez
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Guisado-Alonso
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramos-Pachón
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Artur Izquierdo
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marín
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Erawijantari PP, Kartal E, Liñares-Blanco J, Laajala TD, Feldman LE, Carmona-Saez P, Shigdel R, Claesson MJ, Bertelsen RJ, Gomez-Cabrero D, Minot S, Albrecht J, Chung V, Inouye M, Jousilahti P, Schultz JH, Friederich HC, Knight R, Salomaa V, Niiranen T, Havulinna AS, Saez-Rodriguez J, Levinson RT, Lahti L. Microbiome-based risk prediction in incident heart failure: a community challenge. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.12.23296829. [PMID: 37873403 PMCID: PMC10593042 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.23296829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem. Early identification of at-risk individuals could allow for interventions that reduce morbidity or mortality. The community-based FINRISK Microbiome DREAM challenge (synapse.org/finrisk) evaluated the use of machine learning approaches on shotgun metagenomics data obtained from fecal samples to predict incident HF risk over 15 years in a population cohort of 7231 Finnish adults (FINRISK 2002, n=559 incident HF cases). Challenge participants used synthetic data for model training and testing. Final models submitted by seven teams were evaluated in the real data. The two highest-scoring models were both based on Cox regression but used different feature selection approaches. We aggregated their predictions to create an ensemble model. Additionally, we refined the models after the DREAM challenge by eliminating phylum information. Models were also evaluated at intermediate timepoints and they predicted 10-year incident HF more accurately than models for 5- or 15-year incidence. We found that bacterial species, especially those linked to inflammation, are predictive of incident HF. This highlights the role of the gut microbiome as a potential driver of inflammation in HF pathophysiology. Our results provide insights into potential modeling strategies of microbiome data in prospective cohort studies. Overall, this study provides evidence that incorporating microbiome information into incident risk models can provide important biological insights into the pathogenesis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ece Kartal
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Liñares-Blanco
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lily Elizabeth Feldman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pedro Carmona-Saez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Rajesh Shigdel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcus Joakim Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | | | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Public University of Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samuel Minot
- Data Core, Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Seattle, WA. USA
| | | | | | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jobst-Hendrik Schultz
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rob Knight
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca T Levinson
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Internal Medicine & Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Hakkarainen K, Rantakokko P, Koponen J, Ruokojärvi P, Korkalainen M, Salomaa V, Jula A, Männistö S, Perola M, Lundqvist A, Männistö V, Åberg F. Persistent organic pollutants associate with liver disease in a Finnish general population sample. Liver Int 2023; 43:2177-2185. [PMID: 37312647 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have multiple adverse effects on human health. Recent studies show a possible association with liver disease, but population-based data are scarce. In this population-based study, we studied the associations between POPs and biomarkers of liver disease and incident liver disease. METHODS This study consisted of 2789 adults that participated in the environmental toxin subset of the Finnish health-examination survey, FINRISK 2007. Toxins were measured from serum samples, and standard liver tests and dynamic aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio (dAAR) were measured as biomarkers of liver function. Associations between POPs and the biomarkers were then analysed using linear regression. Associations between POPs and incident liver disease (n = 36) were analysed by Cox regression. RESULTS Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several perfluorinated alkyl substances exhibited statistically significant positive associations with several biomarkers of liver injury (betacoefficient per SD 0.04-0.14, p < 0.05). These associations were stronger in subgroups of individuals with obesity or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OCPs, PCBs and perfluoro-octanoic acid also had significant positive associations with dAAR, which can be used to predict risk of incident severe liver outcomes (beta coefficient per SD 0.05-0.08, p < 0.05). OCPs and PCBs were also significantly and positively associated with incident liver disease (hazard ratio per SD 1.82 95% CI 1.21-2.73, p < 0.01 and hazard ratio per SD 1.69, 95% CI 1.07-2.68, p < 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Several POPs show positive associations with markers of liver injury and incident liver disease, suggesting that environmental toxins are important risk factors for chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jani Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Xiao L, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang Y, Tao S, Liu Y, Tang Y, Xie M, Ma Q, Yin Y, Dai M, Zhang M, Llamocca E, Gui H, Wang Q. The interactions between host genome and gut microbiome increase the risk of psychiatric disorders: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:389-400. [PMID: 37557965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between human gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases has long been recognized. Based on the heritability of the microbiome, genome-wide association studies on human genome and gut microbiome (mbGWAS) have revealed important host-microbiome interactions. However, establishing causal relationships between specific gut microbiome features and psychological conditions remains challenging due to insufficient sample sizes of previous studies of mbGWAS. METHODS Cross-cohort meta-analysis (via METAL) and multi-trait analysis (via MTAG) were used to enhance the statistical power of mbGWAS for identifying genetic variants and genes. Using two large mbGWAS studies (7,738 and 5,959 participants respectively) and12 disease-specific studies from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), we performed bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses between microbial features and psychiatric diseases (up to 500,199 individuals). Additionally, we conducted downstream gene- and gene-set-based analyses to investigate the shared biology linking gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases. RESULTS METAL and MTAG conducted in mbGWAS could boost power for gene prioritization and MR analysis. Increases in the number of lead SNPs and mapped genes were witnessed in 13/15 species and 5/10 genera after using METAL, and MTAG analysis gained an increase in sample size equivalent to expanding the original samples from 7% to 63%. Following METAL use, we identified a positive association between Bacteroides faecis and ADHD (OR, 1.09; 95 %CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.008). Bacteroides eggerthii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were observed to be positively associated with PTSD (OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.03-1.20; P = 0.007; OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.01-1.23; P = 0.03). These findings remained stable across statistical models and sensitivity analyses. No genetic liabilities to psychiatric diseases may alter the abundance of gut microorganisms.Using biological annotation, we identified that those genes contributing to microbiomes (e.g., GRIN2A and RBFOX1) are expressed and enriched in human brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our statistical genetics strategy helps to enhance the power of mbGWAS, and our genetic findings offer new insights into biological pleiotropy and causal relationship between microbiota and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xiao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulu Wu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiwan Tao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiguo Tang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianshu Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubing Yin
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minhan Dai
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Elyse Llamocca
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA; Behavioral Health Services and Psychiatry Research, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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28
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Lahtinen H, Korhonen K, Martikainen P, Morris T. Polygenic Prediction of Education and Its Role in the Intergenerational Transmission of Education: Cohort Changes Among Finnish Men and Women Born in 1925-1989. Demography 2023; 60:1523-1547. [PMID: 37728435 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10963788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Major changes in the educational distribution of the population and in institutions over the past century have affected the societal barriers to educational attainment. These changes can possibly result in stronger genetic associations. Using genetically informed, population-representative Finnish surveys linked to administrative registers, we investigated the polygenic associations and intergenerational transmission of education for those born between 1925 and 1989. First, we found that a polygenic index (PGI) designed to capture genetic predisposition to education strongly increased the predictiveness of educational attainment in pre-1950s cohorts, particularly among women. When decomposing the total contribution of PGI across different educational transitions, the transition between the basic and academic secondary tracks was the most important. This transition accounted for 60-80% of the total PGI-education association among most cohorts. The transition between academic secondary and higher tertiary levels increased its contribution across cohorts. Second, for cohorts born between 1955 and 1984, we observed that one eighth of the association between parental and one's own education is explained by the PGI. There was also an increase in the intergenerational correlation of education among these cohorts, which was partly explained by an increasing association between family education of origin and the PGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Lahtinen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck-University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarina Korhonen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck-University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tim Morris
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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29
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Åberg F, Färkkilä M, Salomaa V, Jula A, Männistö S, Perola M, Lundqvist A, Männistö V. Waist-hip ratio is superior to BMI in predicting liver-related outcomes and synergizes with harmful alcohol use. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:119. [PMID: 37674006 PMCID: PMC10482890 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with liver disease, but the best obesity-related predictor remains undefined. Controversy exists regarding possible synergism between obesity and alcohol use for liver-related outcomes (LRO). We assessed the predictive performance for LROs, and synergism with alcohol use, of abdominal obesity (waist-hip ratio, WHR), and compared it to overall obesity (body mass index, BMI). METHODS Forty-thousand nine-hundred twenty-two adults attending the Finnish health-examination surveys, FINRISK 1992-2012 and Health 2000 studies, were followed through linkage with electronic healthcare registries for LROs (hospitalizations, cancers, and deaths). Predictive performance of obesity measures (WHR, waist circumference [WC], and BMI) were assessed by Fine-Gray models and time-dependent area-under-the-curve (AUC). RESULTS There are 355 LROs during a median follow-up of 12.9 years (509047.8 person-years). WHR and WC emerge as more powerful predictors of LROs than BMI. WHR shows significantly better 10-year AUC values for LROs (0.714, 95% CI 0.685-0.743) than WC (0.648, 95% CI 0.617-0.679) or BMI (0.550, 95% CI 0.514-0.585) both overall and separately among men and women. WHR is predictive also in BMI strata. Absolute 10-year risks of LROs are more dependent on WHR than BMI. Moreover, WHR shows a significant supra-additive interaction effect with harmful alcohol use for liver-related outcomes (excess 10-year cumulative incidence of 2.8% from the interaction), which is not seen between BMI and harmful alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS WHR is a better predictor than BMI or WC for LROs, and WHR better reflects the synergism with harmful alcohol use. WHR should be included in clinical assessment when evaluating obesity-related risks for liver outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Abdominal Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Thacher JD, Oudin A, Flanagan E, Mattisson K, Albin M, Roswall N, Pyko A, Aasvang GM, Andersen ZJ, Borgquist S, Brandt J, Broberg K, Cole-Hunter T, Eriksson C, Eneroth K, Gudjonsdottir H, Helte E, Ketzel M, Lanki T, Lim YH, Leander K, Ljungman P, Manjer J, Männistö S, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Pershagen G, Rizzuto D, Sandsveden M, Selander J, Simonsen MK, Stucki L, Spanne M, Stockfelt L, Tjønneland A, Yli-Tuomi T, Tiittanen P, Valencia VH, Ögren M, Åkesson A, Sørensen M. Exposure to long-term source-specific transportation noise and incident breast cancer: A pooled study of eight Nordic cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108108. [PMID: 37490787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental noise is an important environmental exposure that can affect health. An association between transportation noise and breast cancer incidence has been suggested, although current evidence is limited. We investigated the pooled association between long-term exposure to transportation noise and breast cancer incidence. METHODS Pooled data from eight Nordic cohorts provided a study population of 111,492 women. Road, railway, and aircraft noise were modelled at residential addresses. Breast cancer incidence (all, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and ER negative) was derived from cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together with long-term exposure to air pollution. RESULTS A total of 93,859 women were included in the analyses, of whom 5,875 developed breast cancer. The median (5th-95th percentile) 5-year residential road traffic noise was 54.8 (40.0-67.8) dB Lden, and among those exposed, the median railway noise was 51.0 (41.2-65.8) dB Lden. We observed a pooled HR for breast cancer (95 % confidence interval (CI)) of 1.03 (0.99-1.06) per 10 dB increase in 5-year mean exposure to road traffic noise, and 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.11) for railway noise, after adjustment for lifestyle and sociodemographic covariates. HRs remained unchanged in analyses with further adjustment for PM2.5 and attenuated when adjusted for NO2 (HRs from 1.02 to 1.01), in analyses using the same sample. For aircraft noise, no association was observed. The associations did not vary by ER status for any noise source. In analyses using <60 dB as a cutoff, we found HRs of 1.08 (0.99-1.18) for road traffic and 1.19 (0.95-1.49) for railway noise. CONCLUSIONS We found weak associations between road and railway noise and breast cancer risk. More high-quality prospective studies are needed, particularly among those exposed to railway and aircraft noise before conclusions regarding noise as a risk factor for breast cancer can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Thacher
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Mattisson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotta Eriksson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Helte
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Lanki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette K Simonsen
- Department of Neurology and the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lara Stucki
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Spanne
- Environment Department, City of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarja Yli-Tuomi
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Tiittanen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Victor H Valencia
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; UTE University, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mikael Ögren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
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Montanucci L, Lewis-Smith D, Collins RL, Niestroj LM, Parthasarathy S, Xian J, Ganesan S, Macnee M, Brünger T, Thomas RH, Talkowski M, Helbig I, Leu C, Lal D. Genome-wide identification and phenotypic characterization of seizure-associated copy number variations in 741,075 individuals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4392. [PMID: 37474567 PMCID: PMC10359300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNV) are established risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders with seizures or epilepsy. With the hypothesis that seizure disorders share genetic risk factors, we pooled CNV data from 10,590 individuals with seizure disorders, 16,109 individuals with clinically validated epilepsy, and 492,324 population controls and identified 25 genome-wide significant loci, 22 of which are novel for seizure disorders, such as deletions at 1p36.33, 1q44, 2p21-p16.3, 3q29, 8p23.3-p23.2, 9p24.3, 10q26.3, 15q11.2, 15q12-q13.1, 16p12.2, 17q21.31, duplications at 2q13, 9q34.3, 16p13.3, 17q12, 19p13.3, 20q13.33, and reciprocal CNVs at 16p11.2, and 22q11.21. Using genetic data from additional 248,751 individuals with 23 neuropsychiatric phenotypes, we explored the pleiotropy of these 25 loci. Finally, in a subset of individuals with epilepsy and detailed clinical data available, we performed phenome-wide association analyses between individual CNVs and clinical annotations categorized through the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). For six CNVs, we identified 19 significant associations with specific HPO terms and generated, for all CNVs, phenotype signatures across 17 clinical categories relevant for epileptologists. This is the most comprehensive investigation of CNVs in epilepsy and related seizure disorders, with potential implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Montanucci
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - David Lewis-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Shridhar Parthasarathy
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie Xian
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiva Ganesan
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie Macnee
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Brünger
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Clinical Neurosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Costin Leu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, US.
| | - Dennis Lal
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, US.
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Ala-Korpela M, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Kettunen J, Raitakari OT, Mäkinen VP. Cross-sectionally Calculated Metabolic Aging Does Not Relate to Longitudinal Metabolic Changes-Support for Stratified Aging Models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2099-2104. [PMID: 36658689 PMCID: PMC10348460 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aging varies between individuals, with profound consequences for chronic diseases and longevity. One hypothesis to explain the diversity is a genetically regulated molecular clock that runs differently between individuals. Large human studies with long enough follow-up to test the hypothesis are rare due to practical challenges, but statistical models of aging are built as proxies for the molecular clock by comparing young and old individuals cross-sectionally. These models remain untested against longitudinal data. OBJECTIVE We applied novel methodology to test if cross-sectional modeling can distinguish slow vs accelerated aging in a human population. METHODS We trained a machine learning model to predict age from 153 clinical and cardiometabolic traits. The model was tested against longitudinal data from another cohort. The training data came from cross-sectional surveys of the Finnish population (n = 9708; ages 25-74 years). The validation data included 3 time points across 10 years in the Young Finns Study (YFS; n = 1009; ages 24-49 years). Predicted metabolic age in 2007 was compared against observed aging rate from the 2001 visit to the 2011 visit in the YFS dataset and correlation between predicted vs observed metabolic aging was determined. RESULTS The cross-sectional proxy failed to predict longitudinal observations (R2 = 0.018%, P = 0.67). CONCLUSION The finding is unexpected under the clock hypothesis that would produce a positive correlation between predicted and observed aging. Our results are better explained by a stratified model where aging rates per se are similar in adulthood but differences in starting points explain diverging metabolic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 90014, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Margozzini P, Tolonen H, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Cuschieri S, Donfrancesco C, Palmieri L, Sanchez Romero LM, Mindell JS, Oyebode O. National Health Examination Surveys: an essential piece of the health planning puzzle. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.11.23292221. [PMID: 37503238 PMCID: PMC10370235 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.23292221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
National health examination surveys (HESs) have been developed to provide important information that cannot be obtained from other sources. A HES combines information obtained by asking participants questions with biophysical measurements taken by trained field staff. They are observational studies with the highest external validity and make specific contributions to both population (public health) and individual health. Few countries have a track record of a regular wide-ranging HES, but these are the basis of many reports and scientific papers. Despite this, little evidence about HES usefulness and impact or the factors that influence HES effectiveness have been disseminated. This paper presents examples of HES contributions to society in both Europe and the Americas. We sought information by emailing a wide list of people involved in running or using national HESs across Europe and the Americas. We asked for examples of where examination data from their HES had been used in national or regional policymaking. We found multiple examples of HES data being used for agenda-setting, including by highlighting nutritional needs and identifying underdiagnosis and poor management of certain conditions. We also found many ways in which HES have been used to monitor the impact of policies and define population norms. HES data have also been used in policy formation and implementation. HES data are influential and powerful. There is need for global support, financing and networking to transfer capacities and innovation in both fieldwork and laboratory technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Margozzini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hanna Tolonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Aalto M, Laatikainen T. Associations between Liver Enzymes, Lifestyle Risk Factors and Pre-Existing Medical Conditions in a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Sample. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4276. [PMID: 37445311 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzymes are commonly used indicators of liver dysfunction recent studies have suggested that these may also serve as predictive biomarkers in the assessment of extrahepatic morbidity. In order to shed further light on the interactions between serum liver enzyme abnormalities, factors of lifestyle and health status we examined ALT and GGT activities in a population-based sample of 8743 adult individuals (4048 men, 4695 women from the National FINRISK 2002 Study, mean age 48.1 ± 13.1 years) with different levels of alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, body weight and the presence or absence of various pre-existing medical conditions. The assessments also included laboratory tests for inflammation, lipid status and fatty liver index (FLI), a proxy for fatty liver. The prevalence of ALT and GGT abnormalities were significantly influenced by alcohol use (ALT: p < 0.0005 for men; GGT: p <0.0005 for both genders), smoking (GGT: p <0.0005 for men, p =0.002 for women), adiposity (p < 0.0005 for all comparisons), physical inactivity (GGT: p <0.0005; ALT: p <0.0005 for men, p <0.05 for women) and coffee consumption (p <0.0005 for GGT in both genders; p <0.001 for ALT in men). The total sum of lifestyle risk factor scores (LRFS) influenced the occurrence of liver enzyme abnormalities in a rather linear manner. Significantly higher LRFS were observed in the subgroups of individuals with pre-existing medical conditions when compared with those having no morbidities (p <0.0005). In logistic regression analyses adjusted for the lifestyle factors, both ALT and GGT associated significantly with fatty liver, diabetes and hypertension. GGT levels also associated with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency, cerebrovascular disease, asthma and depression. Combinations of abnormal ALT and GGT activities significantly increased the odds for hypertension coinciding with abnormalities in biomarkers of inflammation, lipid status and FLI. The data indicates that ALT and GGT activities readily respond to unfavorable factors of lifestyle associating also with a wide array of pre-existing medical conditions. The data supports close links between both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidities and lifestyle risk factors and may open new insights on a more comprehensive use of liver enzymes in predictive algorithms for assessing mechanistically anchored disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mauri Aalto
- Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
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35
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Guccione C, McDonald D, Fielding-Miller R, Curtius K, Knight R. You are what you excrete. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1002-1003. [PMID: 37231087 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Guccione
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kit Curtius
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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36
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Tammi R, Männistö S, Harald K, Maukonen M, Eriksson JG, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Kaartinen NE. Different carbohydrate exposures and weight gain-results from a pooled analysis of three population-based studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01323-3. [PMID: 37149710 PMCID: PMC10359185 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of carbohydrate quantity and quality in weight gain remains unsolved, and research on carbohydrate subcategories is scarce. We examined total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, total sugar, and sucrose intake in relation to the risk of weight gain in Finnish adults. METHODS Our data comprised 8327 adults aged 25-70 years in three population-based prospective cohorts. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and nutrient intakes were calculated utilizing the Finnish Food Composition Database. Anthropometric measurements were collected according to standard protocols. Two-staged pooling was applied to derive relative risks across cohorts for weight gain of at least 5% by exposure variable intake quintiles in a 7-year follow-up. Linear trends were examined based on a Wald test. RESULTS No association was observed between intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugar or sucrose and the risk of weight gain of at least 5%. Yet, total sugar intake had a borderline protective association with the risk of weight gain in participants with obesity (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.40-1.00 for highest vs. lowest quintile) and sucrose intake in participants with ≥10% decrease in carbohydrate intake during the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61-1.00) after adjustments for sex, age, baseline weight, education, smoking, physical activity, and energy intake. Further adjustment for fruit consumption strengthened the associations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between carbohydrate intake and weight gain. However, the results suggested that concurrent changes in carbohydrate intake might be an important determinant of weight change and should be further examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilla Tammi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kennet Harald
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Maukonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Maukonen M, Harald K, Kaartinen NE, Tapanainen H, Albanes D, Eriksson J, Härkänen T, Jousilahti P, Koskinen S, Päivärinta E, Suikki T, Tolonen H, Pajari AM, Männistö S. Partial substitution of red or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5874. [PMID: 37041301 PMCID: PMC10090151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. These kinds of diets are also environmentally unsustainable. We examined a modeled association between a partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods (legumes, vegetables, fruit, cereals, or a combination of these) and T2D risk among Finnish adults. We used pooled data from five Finnish cohorts (n = 41,662, 22% women, aged ≥ 25 years, 10.9 years median follow-up with 1750 incident T2D cases). Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. In the substitution models, 100 g/week of red meat or 50 g/week of processed meat were substituted with similar amounts of plant-based substitutes. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards multivariable model and pooled using a two-staged random-effects model. We observed small, but statistically significant, reductions in T2D risk in men when red or processed meat were partially substituted with fruits (red meat: HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, P = 0.049, processed meat: 0.99, 0.98-1.00, P = 0.005), cereals (red meat: 0.97, 0.95-0.99, P = 0.005, processed meat: 0.99, 0.98-1.00, P = 0.004) or combination of plant-based foods (only processed meat: 0.99, 0.98-1.00, P = 0.004) but not with legumes or vegetables. The findings of women were similar but not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that even small, easily implemented, shifts towards more sustainable diets may reduce T2D risk particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka Maukonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kennet Harald
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina E Kaartinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Johan Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Suikki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Tolonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Mannerheimintie 166, PL 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Lahtinen H, Moustgaard H, Ripatti S, Martikainen P. Association between genetic risk of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality under different alcohol policy conditions: Evidence from the Finnish alcohol price reduction of 2004. Addiction 2023; 118:678-685. [PMID: 36564914 DOI: 10.1111/add.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Harmful alcohol consumption is influenced by both genetic susceptibility and the price of alcohol. Many previous studies have observed that genetic susceptibility to consumption of alcohol is more predictive in less restrictive drinking conditions. We assess whether such a pattern applies when the prices of alcoholic beverages are decreased. DESIGN Data consist of genetically informed population-representative surveys (FINRISK 1992, 1997, 2002 and Health 2000) linked to administrative registers. We analysed the interaction between a polygenic score (PGS) for alcoholic drinks per week consumed and price reduction in predicting the incidence of alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths in difference-in-difference and interrupted time-series frameworks. SETTING Individuals in Finland were followed quarter-yearly from 1 March 2000 to 31 May 2008. PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 152 individuals (607 132-person quarter-years, 1399 outcome events) aged 30-79 years. INTERVENTION A natural experiment stemming from the alcohol tax reduction in March 2004 and import deregulation in May 2004. MEASUREMENTS Outcome was quarter-yearly-measured alcohol-related death or hospitalization. The independent variables of main interest were PGS and a price reform indicator. We adjusted for gender, age, age squared, season, 10 first principal components of the genome, data collection round and genotyping batch. FINDINGS Both alcohol price reduction and one standard deviation change in PGS were associated with alcohol-related health outcomes; odds ratios (ORs) were 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13, 1.53 and 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.42 in the 8-year follow-up, respectively. The association between PGS and alcohol-related morbidity was similar before and after the alcohol price reform (PGS × price reform interaction OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.14). These results were robust across different follow-up periods and measurement and analysis strategies. CONCLUSIONS Although the decrease of alcohol price in Finland in 2004 substantially increased overall alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, the genetic susceptibility to alcohol consumption did not become more manifest in predicting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Lahtinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heta Moustgaard
- Helsinki Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Haahtela T, Alenius H, Auvinen P, Fyhrquist N, von Hertzen L, Jousilahti P, Karisola P, Laatikainen T, Lehtimäki J, Paalanen L, Ruokolainen L, Saarinen K, Valovirta E, Vasankari T, Vlasoff T, Erhola M, Bousquet J, Vartiainen E, Mäkelä MJ. A short history from Karelia study to biodiversity and public health interventions. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1152927. [PMID: 36998574 PMCID: PMC10043497 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1152927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects against allergies and inflammatory disorders. In Finland, the allergy & asthma epidemic became slowly visible in mid 1960s. After the World War II, Karelia was split into Finnish and Soviet Union (now Russia) territories. This led to more marked environmental and lifestyle changes in the Finnish compared with Russian Karelia. The Karelia Allergy Study 2002–2022 showed that allergic conditions were much more common on the Finnish side. The Russians had richer gene-microbe network and interaction than the Finns, which associated with better balanced immune regulatory circuits and lower allergy prevalence. In the Finnish adolescents, a biodiverse natural environment around the homes associated with lower occurrence of allergies. Overall, the plausible explanation of the allergy disparity was the prominent change in environment and lifestyle in the Finnish Karelia from 1940s to 1980s. The nationwide Finnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018 implemented the biodiversity hypothesis into practice by endorsing immune tolerance, nature contacts, and allergy health with favorable results. A regional health and environment programme, Nature Step to Health 2022–2032, has been initiated in the City of Lahti, EU Green Capital 2021. The programme integrates prevention of chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, obesity, depression), nature loss, and climate crisis in the spirit of Planetary Health. Allergic diseases exemplify inappropriate immunological responses to natural environment. Successful management of the epidemics of allergy and other non-communicable diseases may pave the way to improve human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: Tari Haahtela
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research (HUMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petri Auvinen
- DNA Sequencing and GenomicsLaboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Human Microbiome Research (HUMI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Laura Paalanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erkka Valovirta
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Allergy Clinic, Terveystalo, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Vasankari
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Lung Health Association (FILHA), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Vlasoff
- North Karelia Centre for Public Health, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Marina Erhola
- Pirkanmaa Joint Authority for Health Services and Social Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J. Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Luukkonen PK, Färkkilä M, Jula A, Salomaa V, Männistö S, Lundqvist A, Perola M, Åberg F. Abdominal obesity and alcohol use modify the impact of genetic risk for incident advanced liver disease in the general population. Liver Int 2023; 43:1035-1045. [PMID: 36843445 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genetic variants, abdominal obesity and alcohol use are risk factors for incident liver disease (ILD). We aimed to study whether variants either alone or when aggregated into genetic risk scores (GRSs) associate with ILD, and whether waist-hip ratio (WHR) or alcohol use interacts with this risk. METHODS Our study included 33 770 persons (mean age 50 years, 47% men) who participated in health-examination surveys (FINRISK 1992-2012 or Health 2000) with data on alcohol use, WHR and 63 genotypes associated with liver disease. Data were linked with national health registers for liver-related outcomes (hospitalizations, malignancies and death). Exclusions were baseline clinical liver disease. Mean follow-up time was 12.2 years. Cox regression analyses between variants and ILD were adjusted for age, sex and BMI. RESULTS Variants in PNPLA3, IFNL4, TM6SF2, FDFT1, PPP1R3B, SERPINA1 and HSD17B13 were associated with ILD. GRSs calculated from these variants were not associated with WHR or alcohol use, but were exponentially associated with ILD (up to 25-fold higher risk in high versus low score). The risk of ILD in individuals with high GRS and high WHR or alcohol use compared with those with none of these risk factors was increased by up to 90-fold. GRSs provided new prognostic information particularly in individuals with high WHR. CONCLUSIONS The effect of multiple genetic variants on the risk of ILD is potentiated by abdominal obesity and alcohol use. Simple GRSs may help to identify individuals with adverse lifestyle who are at a particularly high risk of ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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41
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Mäkinen VP, Kettunen J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M. Longitudinal metabolomics of increasing body-mass index and waist-hip ratio reveals two dynamic patterns of obesity pandemic. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:453-462. [PMID: 36823293 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This observational study dissects the complex temporal associations between body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating metabolomics using a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional population-based datasets and new systems epidemiology tools. SUBJECTS/METHODS Firstly, a data-driven subgrouping algorithm was employed to simplify high-dimensional metabolic profiling data into a single categorical variable: a self-organizing map (SOM) was created from 174 metabolic measures from cross-sectional surveys (FINRISK, n = 9708, ages 25-74) and a birth cohort (NFBC1966, n = 3117, age 31 at baseline, age 46 at follow-up) and an expert committee defined four subgroups of individuals based on visual inspection of the SOM. Secondly, the subgroups were compared regarding BMI and WHR trajectories in an independent longitudinal dataset: participants of the Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 1286, ages 24-39 at baseline, 10 years follow-up, three visits) were categorized into the four subgroups and subgroup-specific age-dependent trajectories of BMI, WHR and metabolic measures were modelled by linear regression. RESULTS The four subgroups were characterised at age 39 by high BMI, WHR and dyslipidemia (designated TG-rich); low BMI, WHR and favourable lipids (TG-poor); low lipids in general (Low lipid) and high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (High LDL-C). Trajectory modelling of the YFS dataset revealed a dynamic BMI divergence pattern: despite overlapping starting points at age 24, the subgroups diverged in BMI, fasting insulin (three-fold difference at age 49 between TG-rich and TG-poor) and insulin-associated measures such as triglyceride-cholesterol ratio. Trajectories also revealed a WHR progression pattern: despite different starting points at the age of 24 in WHR, LDL-C and cholesterol-associated measures, all subgroups exhibited similar rates of change in these measures, i.e. WHR progression was uniform regardless of the cross-sectional metabolic profile. CONCLUSIONS Age-associated weight variation in adults between 24 and 49 manifests as temporal divergence in BMI and uniform progression of WHR across metabolic health strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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42
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Börschel CS, Ortega-Alonso A, Havulinna AS, Jousilahti P, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Veikko S, Niiranen T, Schnabel RB. Inflammatory proteomics profiling for prediction of incident atrial fibrillation. Heart 2023:heartjnl-2022-321959. [PMID: 36801832 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as a common condition in older adults. Cardiovascular risk factors only explain about 50% of AF cases. Inflammatory biomarkers may help close this gap as inflammation can alter atrial electrophysiology and structure. This study aimed to determine a cytokine biomarker profile for this condition in the community using a proteomics approach. METHODS This study uses cytokine proteomics in participants of the Finnish population-based FINRISK cohort studies 1997/2002. Risk models for 46 cytokines were developed to predict incident AF using Cox regressions. Furthermore, the association of participants' C reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations with incident AF was examined. RESULTS In 10 744 participants (mean age of 50.9 years, 51.3% women), 1246 cases of incident AF were observed (40.5% women). The main analyses, adjusted for participants' sex and age, suggested that higher concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (HR=1.11; 95% CI 1.04, 1.17), hepatocyte growth factor (HR=1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19), CRP (HR=1.17; 95% CI 1.10, 1.24) and NT-proBNP (HR=1.58; 95% CI 1.45, 1.71) were associated with increased risk of incident AF. In further clinical variable-adjusted models, only NT-proBNP remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed NT-proBNP as a strong predictor for AF. Observed associations of circulating inflammatory cytokines were primarily explained by clinical risk factors and did not improve risk prediction. The potential mechanistic role of inflammatory cytokines measured in a proteomics approach remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin S Börschel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ortega-Alonso
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM - HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and InFLAMES flagship, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine and InFLAMES flagship, Turku, Finland
| | - Salomaa Veikko
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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43
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Nevanlinna V, Huttunen R, Aittoniemi J, Luukkaala T, Rantala S. Major risk factors for Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia: a population-based study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36690934 PMCID: PMC9869575 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-07992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is a human pathogen causing severe invasive infections. Detailed information on S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia and especially of predisposing factors are lacking. The purpose of the study is to investigate the risk factors of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia compared to the general population in Finland. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients older than 18 years with S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia in the Pirkanmaa health district from August 2015 to July 2018. The risk factors for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia were investigated with respect to the normal population in Finland using the Finhealth study data provided by the Finnish institute for health and welfare. The study group was matched with the Finhealth study by age and sex. RESULTS Altogether 230 cases of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia were detected. The medical records of 217 episodes of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia (involving 211 patients) were available for analysis. Obesity was a statistically significant risk factor for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia (Odds Ratio 2.96 [95% CI 2.22-3.96]). Diabetes and coronary artery disease were also associated with an increased risk of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia (OR 4.82 [95% CI 3.62-6.42]) and (OR 3.03 [95% CI 2.18-4.19]). CONCLUSIONS We found obesity, diabetes, and coronary artery disease to be associated with an increased risk for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia. These results provide an increased understanding of risk factors for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi Nevanlinna
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Huttunen
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janne Aittoniemi
- grid.511163.10000 0004 0518 4910Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Rantala
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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44
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Liu Y, Teo SM, Méric G, Tang HHF, Zhu Q, Sanders JG, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Verspoor K, Vartiainen VA, Jousilahti P, Lahti L, Niiranen T, Havulinna AS, Knight R, Salomaa V, Inouye M. The gut microbiome is a significant risk factor for future chronic lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 151:943-952. [PMID: 36587850 PMCID: PMC10109092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-lung axis is generally recognized, but there are few large studies of the gut microbiome and incident respiratory disease in adults. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the association and predictive capacity of the gut microbiome for incident asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Shallow metagenomic sequencing was performed for stool samples from a prospective, population-based cohort (FINRISK02; N = 7115 adults) with linked national administrative health register-derived classifications for incident asthma and COPD up to 15 years after baseline. Generalized linear models and Cox regressions were used to assess associations of microbial taxa and diversity with disease occurrence. Predictive models were constructed using machine learning with extreme gradient boosting. Models considered taxa abundances individually and in combination with other risk factors, including sex, age, body mass index, and smoking status. RESULTS A total of 695 and 392 statistically significant associations were found between baseline taxonomic groups and incident asthma and COPD, respectively. Gradient boosting decision trees of baseline gut microbiome abundance predicted incident asthma and COPD in the validation data sets with mean area under the curves of 0.608 and 0.780, respectively. Cox analysis showed that the baseline gut microbiome achieved higher predictive performance than individual conventional risk factors, with C-indices of 0.623 for asthma and 0.817 for COPD. The integration of the gut microbiome and conventional risk factors further improved prediction capacities. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome is a significant risk factor for incident asthma and incident COPD and is largely independent of conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Howard H F Tang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz; Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Karin Verspoor
- School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ville A Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom; Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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45
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Westlake Gut Project: A consortium of microbiome epidemiology for the gut microbiome and health research in China. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sulkava S, Haukka J, Sulkava R, Laatikainen T, Paunio T. Association Between Psychological Distress and Incident Dementia in a Population-Based Cohort in Finland. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2247115. [PMID: 36520436 PMCID: PMC9856411 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Symptoms of psychological distress have shown association with subsequent dementia, but the nature of association remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of psychological distress with etiological risk of dementia and incidence of dementia in presence of competing risk of death. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study consisted of population-based cross-sectional National FINRISK Study surveys collected in 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007 in Finland with register-based follow-up; and the cohort was linked to Finnish Health Register data for dementia and mortality for each participant until December 31, 2017. Participants included individuals without dementia who had complete exposure data. Data were analyzed from May 2019 to April 2022. EXPOSURES Self-reported symptoms of psychological distress: stress (more than other people), depressive mood, exhaustion, and nervousness (often, sometimes, never). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident all-cause dementia, ascertained through linkage to national health registers. Poisson cause-specific hazard model (emphasizing etiological risk) and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model (emphasizing effect on incidence) considering dementia and death without dementia as competing risks. Covariates of age, sex, baseline year, follow-up time, educational level, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and physical activity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to reduce reverse causation bias by excluding individuals with follow-up less than 10 years. RESULTS Among 67 688 participants (34 968 [51.7%] women; age range, 25 to 74 years; mean [SD] age, 45.4 years), 7935 received a diagnosis of dementia over a mean follow-up of 25.4 years (range, 10 to 45 years). Psychological distress was significantly associated with all-cause dementia in a multivariable Poisson model, with incidence rate ratios from 1.17 (95% CI, 1.08-1.26) for exhaustion to 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11-1.38) for stress, and remained significant in sensitivity analyses. A Fine-Gray model showed significant associations (with hazard ratios from 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01-1.17] for exhaustion to 1.12 [95% CI, 1.00-1.25] for stress) for symptoms other than depressive mood (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98-1.20]). All the symptoms showed significant associations with competing risk of death in both models. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, psychological distress symptoms were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia in the model emphasizing etiological risk. Associations with real incidence of dementia were diminished by the competing risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sulkava
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Sulkava
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Amia Memory Clinics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Nuotio J, Niiranen T, Laitinen TT, Miller J, Sabin MA, Havulinna AS, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Salomaa V, Raitakari OT, Burgner DP, Juonala M. Use of antibiotics and risk of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the national FINRISK study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 36401251 PMCID: PMC9673285 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether exposure to systemic antibiotics influences the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. METHODS The study sample comprised 2209 (110 with incident diabetes) participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) aged 24-39 years in 2001. The exposure was national linked register data on purchased antibiotic courses between 1993 and 2001. Clinical examinations including BMI were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. Participants with prevalent diabetes in 2001 were excluded. Data on type 2 diabetes was also obtained from two national registers until 2017. Data from four population-based National FINRISK studies were used for replication (N = 24,674, 1866 with incident diabetes). RESULTS Prior antibiotic exposure (> 5 versus 0-1 antibiotic courses) was associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes in both YFS (OR 2.29; 95%CI 1.33-3.96) and FINRISK (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.51-1.99). An increased risk for type 2 diabetes was observed in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.013-1.074) and FINRISK (HR 1.022; 95%CI 1.016-1.029) per course. Exposure to antibiotics increased the risk of overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) after a 10-year follow-up in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.019-1.068) and in FINRISK (OR 1.023; 95%CI 1.018-1.029) at baseline per antibiotic course. Adjustments for confounders from early life in YFS and at baseline in FINRISK, including BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking, insulin, blood pressure, and physical activity, did not appreciably alter the findings. CONCLUSION Our results show that exposure to antibiotics was associated with increased risk for future type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity and support judicious antibiotic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica Miller
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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48
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Niemelä O, Bloigu A, Bloigu R, Halkola AS, Niemelä M, Aalto M, Laatikainen T. Impact of Physical Activity on the Characteristics and Metabolic Consequences of Alcohol Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15048. [PMID: 36429766 PMCID: PMC9690068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and excessive alcohol drinking are major modifiable risk factors of health. In order to shed further light on the relationships between physical activity and health consequences of alcohol intake, we measured biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, lipid status and fatty liver index tests in a large population-based sample of individuals with different levels of physical activity, alcohol drinking and other lifestyle risk factors. The study included 21,050 adult participants (9940 men, 11,110 women) (mean age 48.2 ± 13.3 years) of the National FINRISK Study. Data on physical activity, alcohol drinking, smoking and body weight were recorded. The participants were classified to subgroups according to gender, levels of physical activity (sedentary, low, moderate, vigorous, extreme), alcohol drinking levels (abstainers, moderate drinkers, heavy drinkers) and patterns (regular or binge, types of beverages preferred in consumption). Serum liver enzymes (GGT, ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profiles were measured using standard laboratory techniques. Physical activity was linearly and inversely related with the amount of alcohol consumption, with the lowest alcohol drinking levels being observed in those with vigorous or extreme activity (p < 0.0005). Physically active individuals were less frequently binge-type drinkers, cigarette smokers or heavy coffee drinkers than those with sedentary activity (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in all comparisons). In the General Linear Model to assess the main and interaction effects of physical activity and alcohol consumption on biomarker status, as adjusted for anthropometric measures, smoking and coffee consumption, increasing levels of physical activity were found to be associated with more favorable findings on serum GGT (p < 0.0005), ALT (p < 0.0005 for men), cholesterol (p = 0.025 for men; p < 0.0005 for women), HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0005 for men, p = 0.001 for women), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.03 for men), triglycerides (p < 0.0005 for men, p < 0.03 for women), CRP (p < 0.0005 for men, p = 0.006 for women) and fatty liver index (p < 0.0005). The data support the view that regular moderate to vigorous physical activity may counteract adverse metabolic consequences of alcohol consumption on liver function, inflammation and lipid status. The role of physical activity should be further emphasized in interventions aimed at reducing health problems related to unfavorable risk factors of lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Aini Bloigu
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni S. Halkola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Markus Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mauri Aalto
- Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services, 80210 Joensuu, Finland
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49
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Cui T, El Mekkaoui K, Reinvall J, Havulinna AS, Marttinen P, Kaski S. Gene-gene interaction detection with deep learning. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1238. [PMID: 36371468 PMCID: PMC9653457 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which genetic interactions affect observed phenotypes is generally unknown because current interaction detection approaches only consider simple interactions between top SNPs of genes. We introduce an open-source framework for increasing the power of interaction detection by considering all SNPs within a selected set of genes and complex interactions between them, beyond only the currently considered multiplicative relationships. In brief, the relation between SNPs and a phenotype is captured by a neural network, and the interactions are quantified by Shapley scores between hidden nodes, which are gene representations that optimally combine information from the corresponding SNPs. Additionally, we design a permutation procedure tailored for neural networks to assess the significance of interactions, which outperformed existing alternatives on simulated datasets with complex interactions, and in a cholesterol study on the UK Biobank it detected nine interactions which replicated on an independent FINRISK dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Cui
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | - Jaakko Reinvall
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Marttinen
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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50
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Åberg F, Jula A, Färkkilä M, Salomaa V, Erlund I, Männistö S, Vihervaara T, Perola M, Lundqvist A, Männistö V. Comparison of various strategies to define the optimal target population for liver fibrosis screening: A population-based cohort study. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:1020-1028. [PMID: 36318497 PMCID: PMC9731656 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis screening is recommended in high-risk populations, but the optimal definition of "high risk" remains to be established. We compared the performance of several risk-stratification strategies in a population-based setting. METHODS Data were obtained from the Finnish population-based health examination surveys Health 2000 and FINRISK 2002-2012. The Chronic Liver Disease Risk Score (CLivD) was compared to previously published risk-stratification strategies based on elevated liver enzymes, alcohol use, diabetes, fatty liver index, body mass index, and/or metabolic risk factors for their ability to detect either advanced liver fibrosis or incident severe liver events. Advanced fibrosis was defined as an Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELFTM ) score >9.8 in the Health 2000 study (n = 6084), and incident liver events were ascertained from registry linkage in the combined FINRISK 2002-2012 and Health 2000 cohort (n = 26,957). RESULTS Depending on the cohort, 53%-60% of the population was considered at risk using the CLivD strategy (low-intermediate-high risk, excluding the minimal-risk category), compared to 30%-32% according to the other risk-stratification strategies. The CLivD captured 85%-91% of cases in the population with advanced liver fibrosis and 90% of incident severe liver events within 10 years from baseline. This compares to 33%-44% and 56%-67% captured by the other risk-stratification strategies, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence of liver events varied by risk-stratification strategy (1.0%-1.4%). CONCLUSIONS Compared to previously reported traditional risk factor-based strategies, use of the CLivD captured substantially more cases with advanced liver disease in the population and may be superior for targeting further fibrosis screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver SurgeryHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Antti Jula
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Abdominal CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Iris Erlund
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of MedicineKuopio University HospitalUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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