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Gupta VK, Vaishnavi VV, Arrieta-Ortiz ML, P S A, K M J, Jeyasankar S, Raghunathan V, Baliga NS, Agarwal R. 3D Hydrogel Culture System Recapitulates Key Tuberculosis Phenotypes and Demonstrates Pyrazinamide Efficacy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304299. [PMID: 38655817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The mortality caused by tuberculosis (TB) infections is a global concern, and there is a need to improve understanding of the disease. Current in vitro infection models to study the disease have limitations such as short investigation durations and divergent transcriptional signatures. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing a 3D collagen culture system that mimics the biomechanical and extracellular matrix (ECM) of lung microenvironment (collagen fibers, stiffness comparable to in vivo conditions) as the infection primarily manifests in the lungs. The system incorporates Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infected human THP-1 or primary monocytes/macrophages. Dual RNA sequencing reveals higher mammalian gene expression similarity with patient samples than 2D macrophage infections. Similarly, bacterial gene expression more accurately recapitulates in vivo gene expression patterns compared to bacteria in 2D infection models. Key phenotypes observed in humans, such as foamy macrophages and mycobacterial cords, are reproduced in the model. This biomaterial system overcomes challenges associated with traditional platforms by modulating immune cells and closely mimicking in vivo infection conditions, including showing efficacy with clinically relevant concentrations of anti-TB drug pyrazinamide, not seen in any other in vitro infection model, making it reliable and readily adoptable for tuberculosis studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal K Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Vijaya V Vaishnavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | | | - Abhirami P S
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Jyothsna K M
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Sharumathi Jeyasankar
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Varun Raghunathan
- Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute of Systems Biology, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachit Agarwal
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
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2
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Song L, Zhang D, Wang H, Xia X, Huang W, Gonzales J, Via LE, Wang D. Automated quantitative assay of fibrosis characteristics in tuberculosis granulomas. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1301141. [PMID: 38235425 PMCID: PMC10792068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Granulomas, the pathological hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, are formed by different cell populations. Across various stages of tuberculosis conditions, most granulomas are classical caseous granulomas. They are composed of a necrotic center surrounded by multilayers of histocytes, with the outermost layer encircled by fibrosis. Although fibrosis characterizes the architecture of granulomas, little is known about the detailed parameters of fibrosis during this process. Methods In this study, samples were collected from patients with tuberculosis (spanning 16 organ types), and Mtb-infected marmosets and fibrotic collagen were characterized by second harmonic generation (SHG)/two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy using a stain-free, fully automated analysis program. Results Histopathological examination revealed that most granulomas share common features, including necrosis, solitary and compact structure, and especially the presence of multinuclear giant cells. Masson's trichrome staining showed that different granuloma types have varying degrees of fibrosis. SHG imaging uncovered a higher proportion (4%~13%) of aggregated collagens than of disseminated type collagens (2%~5%) in granulomas from matched tissues. Furthermore, most of the aggregated collagen presented as short and thick clusters (200~620 µm), unlike the long and thick (200~300 µm) disseminated collagens within the matched tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is involved in fibrosis and granuloma formation, was strongly expressed in the granulomas in different tissues. Discussion Our data illustrated that different tuberculosis granulomas have some degree of fibrosis in which collagen strings are short and thick. Moreover, this study revealed that the SHG imaging program could contribute to uncovering the fibrosis characteristics of tuberculosis granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hankun Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jacqueline Gonzales
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Decheng Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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3
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Ha KT, Chung HS. Natural compounds as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors: potential therapeutics for lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275000. [PMID: 37915411 PMCID: PMC10616500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in energy metabolism and present in various cells throughout the body. Its diverse physiological functions encompass glycolysis, and its abnormal activity is associated with numerous diseases. Targeting LDH has emerged as a vital approach in drug discovery, leading to the identification of LDH inhibitors among natural compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate therapeutic potential against LDH-related diseases, including anti-cancer effects. However, challenges concerning limited bioavailability, poor solubility, and potential toxicity must be addressed. Combining natural compounds with LDH inhibitors has led to promising outcomes in preclinical studies. This review highlights the promise of natural compounds as LDH inhibitors for treating cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R. Harnessing host-pathogen interactions for innovative drug discovery and host-directed therapeutics to tackle tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127466. [PMID: 37531813 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. As an intracellular pathogen, Mtb has well adapted to the phagocytic host microenvironment, influencing diverse host processes such as gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and signaling pathways of the host to its advantage. These responses are the result of dynamic interactions of the bacteria with the host cell signaling pathways, whereby the bacteria attenuate the host cellular processes for their survival. Specific host genes and the mechanisms involved in the entry and subsequent stabilization of M. tuberculosis intracellularly have been identified in various genetic and chemical screens recently. The present understanding of the co-evolution of Mtb and macrophage system presented us the new possibilities for exploring host-directed therapeutics (HDT). Here, we discuss the host-pathogen interaction for Mtb, including the pathways adapted by Mtb to escape immunity. The review sheds light on different host-directed therapies (HDTs) such as repurposed drugs and vitamins, along with their targets such as granuloma, autophagy, extracellular matrix, lipids, and cytokines, among others. The article also examines the available clinical data on these drug molecules. In conclusion, the review presents a perspective on the current knowledge in the field of HDTs and the need for additional research to overcome the challenges associated HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Saini
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Whittington AM, Turner FS, Baark F, Templeman S, Kirwan DE, Roufosse C, Krishnan N, Robertson BD, Chong DLW, Porter JC, Gilman RH, Friedland JS. An acidic microenvironment in Tuberculosis increases extracellular matrix degradation by regulating macrophage inflammatory responses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011495. [PMID: 37418488 PMCID: PMC10355421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection causes marked tissue inflammation leading to lung destruction and morbidity. The inflammatory extracellular microenvironment is acidic, however the effect of this acidosis on the immune response to M.tb is unknown. Using RNA-seq we show that acidosis produces system level transcriptional change in M.tb infected human macrophages regulating almost 4000 genes. Acidosis specifically upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation pathways with increased expression of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which mediate lung destruction in Tuberculosis. Macrophage MMP-1 and -3 secretion was increased by acidosis in a cellular model. Acidosis markedly suppresses several cytokines central to control of M.tb infection including TNF-α and IFN-γ. Murine studies demonstrated expression of known acidosis signaling G-protein coupled receptors OGR-1 and TDAG-8 in Tuberculosis which are shown to mediate the immune effects of decreased pH. Receptors were then demonstrated to be expressed in patients with TB lymphadenitis. Collectively, our findings show that an acidic microenvironment modulates immune function to reduce protective inflammatory responses and increase extracellular matrix degradation in Tuberculosis. Acidosis receptors are therefore potential targets for host directed therapy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances S. Turner
- Edinburgh Genomics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Friedrich Baark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Templeman
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela E. Kirwan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Candice Roufosse
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nitya Krishnan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Robertson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah L. W. Chong
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna C. Porter
- Centre for Inflammation & Tissue Repair, Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jon S. Friedland
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Fathima SD, Gururaj N, Sivapathasundharam B, Vennila AA, Keerthik Lavanya MK, Sarayushivani U. Histopathological significance of necrosis in oral lesions: A review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:340-347. [PMID: 37854904 PMCID: PMC10581306 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_39_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis is a localized area of tissue death followed by degradation of tissue by hydrolytic enzymes released from the dead cells, resulting in swelling of organelles, rupture of the plasma membrane, eventual cell lysis, and leakage of intracellular contents into the surrounding tissue. It is always accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. Necrosis is caused by various factors such as hypoxia, physical factors, chemical agents, immunological agents, and microbial agents. Still now, there is no literature review regarding the necrotic lesions of the oral cavity. In this paper, the oral lesions associated with necrosis are categorized under the headings such as odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, salivary gland pathology, and epithelial malignancies. In addition, the histopathological significance of necrosis in oral lesions has been discussed. By suggesting that spotting necrosis in the histopathology aids in determining the diagnosis, tumor behavior, and prognosis of oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deenul Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Gururaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Sivapathasundharam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Priyadharshini Dental College and Hospital, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Alagu Vennila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. K. Keerthik Lavanya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - U Sarayushivani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CSI College of Dental Science and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Zhou C, Liang T, Jiang J, Chen J, Chen T, Huang S, Chen L, Sun X, Chen W, Zhu J, Wu S, Fan B, Liu C, Zhan X. MMP9 and STAT1 are biomarkers of the change in immune infiltration after anti-tuberculosis therapy, and the immune status can identify patients with spinal tuberculosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109588. [PMID: 36773569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a lack of studies on immune-related pathogenesis and a clinical diagnostic model, the diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis (STB) remains uncertain. Our study aimed to investigate the possible pathogenesis of STB and to develop a clinical diagnostic model for STB based on immune cell infiltration. METHODS Label-free quantification protein analysis of five pairs of specimens was used to determine the protein expression of the intervertebral disc in STB and non-STB. GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis were used to investigate the pathogenesis of STB. The Hub proteins were then eliminated. Four datasets were downloaded from the GEO database to analyze immune cell infiltration, and the results were validated using blood routine test data from 8535TB and 7337 non-TB patients. Following that, clinical data from 164 STB and 162 non-STB patients were collected. The Random-Forest algorithm was used to screen out clinical predictors of STB and build a diagnostic model. The differential expression of MMP9 and STAT1 in STB and controls was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MMP9 and STAT1 were STB Hub proteins that were linked to disc destruction in STB. MMP9 and STAT1 were found to be associated with Monocytes, Neutrophils, and Lymphocytes in immune cell infiltration studies. Data from 15,872 blood routine tests revealed that the Monocytes ratio and Neutrophils ratio was significantly higher in TB patients than in non-TB patients (p < 0.001), while the Lymphocytes ratio was significantly lower in TB patients than in non-TB patients (p < 0.001). MMP9 and STAT1 expression were downregulated following the anti-TB therapy. For STB, a clinical diagnostic model was built using six clinical predictors: MR, NR, LR, ESR, BMI, and PLT. The model was evaluated using a ROC curve, which yielded an AUC of 0.816. CONCLUSIONS MMP9 and STAT1, immune-related hub proteins, were correlated with immune cell infiltration in STB patients. MR, NR, LR ESR, BMI, and PLT were clinical predictors of STB. Thus, the immune cell Infiltration-related clinical diagnostic model can predict STB effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Zhou
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Liyi Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Xuhua Sun
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Wenkang Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Jichong Zhu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Binguang Fan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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8
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Humbert MV, Spalluto CM, Bell J, Blume C, Conforti F, Davies ER, Dean LSN, Elkington P, Haitchi HM, Jackson C, Jones MG, Loxham M, Lucas JS, Morgan H, Polak M, Staples KJ, Swindle EJ, Tezera L, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Towards an artificial human lung: modelling organ-like complexity to aid mechanistic understanding. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200455. [PMID: 35777774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for over 5 million deaths yearly and are a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Murine models have been of paramount importance to decode human lung biology in vivo, but their genetic, anatomical, physiological and immunological differences with humans significantly hamper successful translation of research into clinical practice. Thus, to clearly understand human lung physiology, development, homeostasis and mechanistic dysregulation that may lead to disease, it is essential to develop models that accurately recreate the extraordinary complexity of the human pulmonary architecture and biology. Recent advances in micro-engineering technology and tissue engineering have allowed the development of more sophisticated models intending to bridge the gap between the native lung and its replicates in vitro Alongside advanced culture techniques, remarkable technological growth in downstream analyses has significantly increased the predictive power of human biology-based in vitro models by allowing capture and quantification of complex signals. Refined integrated multi-omics readouts could lead to an acceleration of the translational pipeline from in vitro experimental settings to drug development and clinical testing in the future. This review highlights the range and complexity of state-of-the-art lung models for different areas of the respiratory system, from nasal to large airways, small airways and alveoli, with consideration of various aspects of disease states and their potential applications, including pre-clinical drug testing. We explore how development of optimised physiologically relevant in vitro human lung models could accelerate the identification of novel therapeutics with increased potential to translate successfully from the bench to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- M.V. Humbert and C.M. Spalluto are co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph Bell
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lareb S N Dean
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Elkington
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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9
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Scott NR, Thirunavukkarasu S, Rangel-Moreno J, Griggs DW, Khader SA. CWHM-12, an Antagonist of Integrin-Mediated Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Activation Confers Protection During Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:421-429. [PMID: 35914102 PMCID: PMC9422778 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases in the world. Presently, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, the vaccine approved for use against TB, does not offer complete protection against the disease, which necessitates the development of new therapeutics to treat this infection. Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is associated with pulmonary profibrotic changes. The inactive TGF-β secreted is activated through its cleavage and release by αv integrins. Integrin-mediated regulation of TGF-β is considered as a master switch in the profibrotic process and a potential therapeutic target. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine if treatment with a broad range antagonist of integrins, CWHM-12, has the potency to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and enhance Mtb control in a highly susceptible mouse model of Mtb infection, namely the C3Heb/FeJ (FeJ). CWHM-12 treatment at the early stages of Mtb infection was efficacious in reducing disease severity and inflammation associated with decreased iNOS, MIP-2, and IL-10 production without degradation of collagen. This suggests a potential for CWHM-12 targeting of TGF-β to be explored as an adjunct therapeutic for early Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninecia R. Scott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David W. Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Liposomal Glutathione Helps to Mitigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the Lungs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040673. [PMID: 35453358 PMCID: PMC9031130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is responsible for causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals with compromised immune systems. We have previously shown that the supplementation of liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) reduces M. tb viability and enhances a Th-1 cytokine response, promoting granuloma formation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. However, the effects of L-GSH supplementation in modulating the immune responses in the lungs during an active M. tb infection have yet to be explored. In this article, we report the effects of L-GSH supplementation during an active M. tb infection in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. We determine the total GSH levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cytokine profiles, granuloma formation, and M. tb burden in untreated and L-GSH-treated mice over time. In 40 mM L-GSH-supplemented mice, an increase in the total GSH levels was observed in the lungs. When compared to untreated mice, the treatment of M. tb-infected mice with 40 mM and 80 mM L-GSH resulted in a reduction in MDA levels in the lungs. L-GSH treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, and TNF-α in the lungs, while down-regulating the production of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β in the lungs. A reduction in M. tb survival along with a decrease in granuloma size in the lungs of M. tb-infected mice was observed after L-GSH treatment. Our results show that the supplementation of mice with L-GSH led to increased levels of total GSH, which is associated with reduced oxidative stress, increased levels of granuloma-promoting cytokines, and decreased M. tb burden in the lung. These results illustrate how GSH can help mitigate M. tb infection and provide an insight into future therapeutic interventions.
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11
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Elkington P, Polak ME, Reichmann MT, Leslie A. Understanding the tuberculosis granuloma: the matrix revolutions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:143-154. [PMID: 34922835 PMCID: PMC8673590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the human disease tuberculosis (TB) and remains the top global infectious pandemic after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, TB has killed many more humans than any other pathogen, after prolonged coevolution to optimise its pathogenic strategies. Full understanding of fundamental disease processes in humans is necessary to successfully combat this highly successful pathogen. While the importance of immunodeficiency has been long recognised, biologic therapies and unbiased approaches are providing unprecedented insights into the intricacy of the host-pathogen interaction. The nature of a protective response is more complex than previously hypothesised. Here, we integrate recent evidence from human studies and unbiased approaches to consider how Mtb causes human TB and highlight the recurring theme of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Marta E Polak
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michaela T Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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12
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Walker NF, Karim F, Moosa MYS, Moodley S, Mazibuko M, Khan K, Sterling TR, van der Heijden YF, Grant AD, Elkington PT, Pym A, Leslie A. OUP accepted manuscript. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:928-932. [PMID: 35510939 PMCID: PMC9470104 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for tuberculosis treatment monitoring are suboptimal. We evaluated plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide concentrations before and during tuberculosis treatment as biomarkers. Plasma MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-10 concentrations significantly decreased during treatment. Plasma MMP-8 was increased in sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture–positive relative to culture-negative participants, before (median, 4993 pg/mL [interquartile range, 2542–9188] vs 698 [218–4060] pg/mL, respectively; P = .004) and after (3650 [1214–3888] vs 720 [551–1321] pg/mL; P = .008) 6 months of tuberculosis treatment. Consequently, plasma MMP-8 is a potential biomarker to enhance tuberculosis treatment monitoring and screen for possible culture positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Walker
- Correspondence: N. F. Walker, Senior Clinical Lecturer, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom ()
| | - F Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - M Y S Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Moodley
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - M Mazibuko
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - K Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - T R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Y F van der Heijden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A D Grant
- TB Centre and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - P T Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Pym
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - A Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Zandi A, Rafizadeh‐Tafti S, Shojaeian F, Ali Khayamian M, Abbasvandi F, Faranoush M, Anbiaee R, Najafikhoshnoo S, Hoseinpour P, Assadi S, Katebi P, Davari sh. Z, Shalileh S, Salemizadeh Parizi M, Vanaei S, Ghaderinia M, Abadijoo H, Taheri P, Reza Esmailinejad M, Sanati H, Reza Rostami M, Sadeghian R, Kordehlachin Y, Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary SM, Mamdouh A, Hossein Miraghaie S, Baharvand H, Abdolahad M. Positive electrostatic therapy of metastatic tumors: selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by pure charges. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7475-7491. [PMID: 34626092 PMCID: PMC8559484 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. METHODS We interacted normal and cancer cell lines and animal tumors with PECs by connecting a charged patch to cancer cells and animal tumors. many biochemical, molecular and radiological assays were carried out on PEC treated and control samples. RESULTS Correlative interactions between electrostatic charges and cancer cells contain critical unknown factors that influence cancer diagnosis and treatment. Different types of cell analyses prove PEC-based apoptosis induction in malignant cell lines. Flowcytometry and viability assay depict selective destructive effects of PEC on malignant breast cancer cells. Additionally, strong patterns of pyknotic apoptosis, as well as downregulation of proliferative-associated proteins (Ki67, CD31, and HIF-1α), were observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical patterns of treated mouse malignant tumors, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrate up/down-regulated apoptotic/proliferative transcriptomes (P21, P27, P53/CD34, integrin α5, vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) in treated animal tumors. Expression of propidium iodide in confocal microscopy images of treated malignant tissues was another indication of the destructive effects of PECs on such cells. Significant tumor size reduction and prognosis improvement were seen in over 95% of treated mouse models with no adverse effects on normal tissues. CONCLUSION We discovered that pure positive electrostatic charges (PECs) have an intrinsic suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells (cell lines and animal models) without affecting normal tissues. The findings were statistically and observationally significant when compared to radio/chemotherapy-treated mouse models. As a result, this nonionizing radiation may be used as a practical complementary approach with no discernible side effects after passing future human model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zandi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Saeid Rafizadeh‐Tafti
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Shojaeian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Abbasvandi
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research CenterInstitute of Endocrinology and MetabolismIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cardio‐Oncology Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascuar Medical & Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Robab Anbiaee
- Department of Radiation OncologyImam Hossein HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Sepanta Assadi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Pouyan Katebi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Zahra Davari sh.
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Salemizadeh Parizi
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Shohreh Vanaei
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Ghaderinia
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hamed Abadijoo
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hassan Sanati
- ATMP DepartmentBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteACECRTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rostami
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Reza Sadeghian
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Yasin Kordehlachin
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - S. M. Sadegh Mousavi‐kiasary
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Amir Mamdouh
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Miraghaie
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and TechnologyACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nanobioelectronic Devices Lab.Cancer Electronics Research GroupSchool of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Nano Electronic Center of ExcellenceNanoelectronics and Thin Film Lab.School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Cancer InstituteImam Khomeini HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- UT&TUMS Cancer electronic Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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14
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Arbués A, Schmidiger S, Kammüller M, Portevin D. Extracellular Matrix-Induced GM-CSF and Hypoxia Promote Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Human In Vitro Granulomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727508. [PMID: 34603299 PMCID: PMC8486295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several in vitro cellular models have been developed with the aim to reproduce and dissect human granulomatous responses, the hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) immunopathogenesis. In that context, we compared two- (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) granuloma models resulting from infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) in the absence or presence of a collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM). Granuloma formation was found to be significantly enhanced in the 2D model. This feature was associated with an earlier chemokine production and lymphocyte activation, but also a significantly increased bacterial burden. Remarkably, the reduction in Mtb burden in the 3D model correlated with an increase in GM-CSF production. GM-CSF, which is known to promote macrophage survival, was found to be inherently induced by the ECM. We observed that only 3D in vitro granulomas led to the accumulation of lipid inclusions within Mtb. Our data suggest that a hypoxic environment within the ECM could be responsible for this dormant-like Mtb phenotype. Furthermore, exposure to a TNF-α antagonist reverted Mtb dormancy, thereby mimicking the reactivation of TB observed in rheumatic patients receiving this therapy. To conclude, we showed that only in vitro granulomas generated in the presence of an ECM could recapitulate some clinically relevant features of granulomatous responses in TB. As such, this model constitutes a highly valuable tool to study the interplay between immunity and Mtb stress responses as well as to evaluate novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbués
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Schmidiger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Translational Medicine-Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Portevin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Mukundan S, Singh P, Shah A, Kumar R, O’Neill KC, Carter CL, Russell DG, Subbian S, Parekkadan B. In Vitro Miniaturized Tuberculosis Spheroid Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1209. [PMID: 34572395 PMCID: PMC8470281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health concern that impacts 10 million people around the world. Current in vitro models are low throughput and/or lack caseation, which impairs drug effectiveness in humans. Here, we report the generation of THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage spheroids housing mycobacteria (TB spheroids). These TB spheroids have a central core of dead cells co-localized with mycobacteria and are hypoxic. TB spheroids exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory factor TNFα and growth factors G-CSF and VEGF when compared to non-infected control. TB spheroids show high levels of lipid deposition, characterized by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. TB spheroids infected with strains of differential virulence, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) HN878 and CDC1551 vary in response to Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Finally, we adapt the spheroid model to form peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung fibroblasts (NHLF) 3D co-cultures. These results pave the way for the development of new strategies for disease modeling and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpaa Mukundan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 08854, USA; (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Pooja Singh
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 07103, USA; (P.S.); (R.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Aditi Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 08854, USA; (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 07103, USA; (P.S.); (R.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Kelly C. O’Neill
- Department Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ 07110, USA; (K.C.O.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Claire L. Carter
- Department Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ 07110, USA; (K.C.O.); (C.L.C.)
| | - David G. Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 07103, USA; (P.S.); (R.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 08854, USA; (S.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Jersey City, NJ 08854, USA
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16
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Reichmann MT, Tezera LB, Vallejo AF, Vukmirovic M, Xiao R, Reynolds J, Jogai S, Wilson S, Marshall B, Jones MG, Leslie A, D’Armiento JM, Kaminski N, Polak ME, Elkington P. Integrated transcriptomic analysis of human tuberculosis granulomas and a biomimetic model identifies therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148136. [PMID: 34128839 PMCID: PMC8321576 DOI: 10.1172/jci148136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent global pandemic, and standard treatment for it has not changed for 30 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has undergone prolonged coevolution with humans, and patients can control Mtb even after extensive infection, demonstrating the fine balance between protective and pathological host responses within infected granulomas. We hypothesized that whole transcriptome analysis of human TB granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection could identify therapeutic targets, and that comparison with a noninfectious granulomatous disease, sarcoidosis, would identify disease-specific pathological mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq data identified numerous shared pathways between TB and sarcoidosis lymph nodes, and also specific clusters demonstrating TB results from a dysregulated inflammatory immune response. To translate these insights, we compared 3 primary human cell culture models at the whole transcriptome level and demonstrated that the 3D collagen granuloma model most closely reflected human TB disease. We investigated shared signaling pathways with human disease and identified 12 intracellular enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition controlled Mtb growth, concurrently reducing intracellular pH in infected monocytes and suppressing inflammatory mediator secretion. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that sphingosine kinase 1 is expressed in human lung TB granulomas, and therefore represents a host therapeutic target to improve TB outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela T. Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Vallejo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Sanjay Jogai
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wilson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Marshall
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta E. Polak
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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17
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Ogongo P, Tezera LB, Ardain A, Nhamoyebonde S, Ramsuran D, Singh A, Ng’oepe A, Karim F, Naidoo T, Khan K, Dullabh KJ, Fehlings M, Lee BH, Nardin A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Behar SM, Steyn AJ, Madansein R, Kløverpris HN, Elkington PT, Leslie A. Tissue-resident-like CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17 control Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human lung. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142014. [PMID: 33848273 PMCID: PMC8121523 DOI: 10.1172/jci142014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is essential for the control of tuberculosis (TB), an important disease of the lung, and is generally studied in humans using peripheral blood cells. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) are superior at controlling many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and can be quite different from those in circulation. Using freshly resected lung tissue, from individuals with active or previous TB, we identified distinct CD4+ and CD8+ Trm-like clusters within TB-diseased lung tissue that were functional and enriched for IL-17-producing cells. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells producing TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 were highly expanded in the lung compared with matched blood samples, in which IL-17+ cells were largely absent. Strikingly, the frequency of M. tuberculosis-specific lung T cells making IL-17, but not other cytokines, inversely correlated with the plasma IL-1β levels, suggesting a potential link with disease severity. Using a human granuloma model, we showed the addition of either exogenous IL-17 or IL-2 enhanced immune control of M. tuberculosis and was associated with increased NO production. Taken together, these data support an important role for M. tuberculosis-specific Trm-like, IL-17-producing cells in the immune control of M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ardain
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shepherd Nhamoyebonde
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Alveera Singh
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Taryn Naidoo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kaylesh J. Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrie J.C. Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and
- Center for AIDS Research and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul T. Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Hu Z, Gu H, Ni J, Hu S, Hu J, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 regulates collagen degradation and migration of mononuclear cells during infection with genotype VII Newcastle disease virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33090092 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14, a major driven force of extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodelling and cell migration, correlates with ECM breakdown and pathologic manifestation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens. However, the functional relevance between MMP-14 and pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV remains to be investigated. In this study, expression, biofunction and regulation of MMP-14 induced by genotype VII NDV were analysed in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results showed that JS5/05 significantly increased expression and membrane accumulation of MMP-14 in PBMCs, correlating to enhanced collagen degradation and cell migration. Specific MMP-14 inhibition significantly impaired collagen degradation and migration of JS5/05-infected cells, suggesting dependence of these features on MMP-14. In addition, MMP-14 upregulation correlated with activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway upon JS5/05 infection, and blockage of the ERK signalling significantly suppressed MMP-14-mediated collagen degradation and migration of JS5/05-infected cells. Using a panel of chimeric NDVs derived from gene exchange between genotype VII and IV NDV, the fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes were identified as the major viral determinants for MMP-14 expression and activity. In conclusion, MMP-14 was defined as a critical regulator of collagen degradation and cell migration of chicken PBMCs infected with genotype VII NDV, which may contribute to pathology of the virus. Our findings add novel information to the body of knowledge regarding virus-host biology and NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Han Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Sarker H, Haimour A, Toor R, Fernandez-Patron C. The Emerging Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Causation of Aberrant MMP Activity during Human Pathologies and the Use of Medicinal Drugs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040578. [PMID: 33920915 PMCID: PMC8071227 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cleave extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines, and receptors to influence organ development, architecture, function, and the systemic and cell-specific responses to diseases and pharmacological drugs. Conversely, many diseases (such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, bacterial infections (tuberculosis), viral infections (COVID-19), and cancer), cholesterol-lowering drugs (such as statins), and tetracycline-class antibiotics (such as doxycycline) alter MMP activity through transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms. In this review, we summarize evidence that the aforementioned diseases and drugs exert significant epigenetic pressure on genes encoding MMPs, tissue inhibitors of MMPs, and factors that transcriptionally regulate the expression of MMPs. Our understanding of human pathologies associated with alterations in the proteolytic activity of MMPs must consider that these pathologies and their medicinal treatments may impose epigenetic pressure on the expression of MMP genes. Whether the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the activity of MMPs can be therapeutically targeted warrants further research.
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20
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Dubey N, Khan MZ, Kumar S, Sharma A, Das L, Bhaduri A, Singh Y, Nandicoori VK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPiA interacts with host integrin receptor to exacerbate disease progression. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1383-1393. [PMID: 33580239 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretory gene mutants exemplifies their role as virulence factors. Mtb peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (PPiA) assists in protein folding through cis/trans isomerization of prolyl bonds. Here, we show that PPiA abets Mtb survival and aids in the disease progression by exploiting host-associated factors. While the deletion of PPiA has no discernable effect on the bacillary survival in a murine infection model, it compromises the formation of granuloma-like lesions and promotes host cell death through ferroptosis. Overexpression of PPiA enhances the bacillary load and exacerbates pathology in mice lungs. Importantly, PPiA interacts with the integrin α5β1 receptor through a conserved surface-exposed RGD motif. The secretion of PPiA as well as interaction with integrin contributes to the disease progression by upregulating multiple host matrix metalloproteinases. Collectively, we identified a novel non-chaperone role of PPiA that is critical in facilitating host-pathogen interaction ensuing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Molecular Microbiology, WUSTL, St. Louis, USA
| | - Mehak Zahoor Khan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
| | - Lahari Das
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Texas, USA
| | - Asani Bhaduri
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India.,Current Cluster Innovation Center, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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21
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Zhang L, Wang H, Li N, Hu P, Zhu Z, Wang W, Song Y, Wen Z, Yu X, Zhang S. Label-Free Mass Spectrometry-Based Plasma Proteomics Identified LY6D, DSC3, CDSN, SERPINB12, and SLURP1 as Novel Protein Biomarkers For Pulmonary Tuberculosis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666191210105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
We aimed to identify new plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
(PTB).
Background:
Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease that remains one of the major global health problems.
Until now, effective, convenient, and affordable methods for diagnosis of PTB were still lacking.
Objective:
This study focused on constructing a label-free LC-MS/MS-based comparative proteomics
between six tuberculosis patients and six healthy controls to identify Differentially Expressed Proteins
(DEPs) in plasma.
Methods:
To reduce the influences of high-abundant proteins, albumin and globulin were removed from
plasma samples using affinity gels. Then DEPs from the plasma samples were identified using a label-free
Quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS system. The results were analyzed by the protein database search algorithm
SEQUEST-HT to identify mass spectra to peptides. The predictive abilities of combinations of host
markers were investigated by General Discriminant Analysis (GDA), with Leave-One-Out Cross-
Validation (LOOCV).
Results:
A total of 572 proteins were identified and 549 proteins were quantified. The threshold for
DEPs was set as adjusted p-value < 0.05 and fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.6667, 32 DEPs were found. ClusterVis,
TBtools, and STRING were used to find new potential biomarkers of PTB. Six proteins, LY6D,
DSC3, CDSN, FABP5, SERPINB12, and SLURP1, which performed well in the LOOCV method validation,
were termed as potential biomarkers. The percentage of cross-validated grouped cases correctly
classified and original grouped cases correctly classified is greater than or equal to 91.7%.
Conclusion:
We successfully identified five candidate biomarkers for immunodiagnosis of PTB in
plasma, LY6D, DSC3, CDSN, SERPINB12, and SLURP1. Our work supported this group of proteins
as potential biomarkers for PTB, and be worthy of further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Wen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
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22
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Martínez-Pérez A, Igea A, Estévez O, Ferreira CM, Torrado E, Castro AG, Fernández C, Spetz AL, Adam L, López González M, Singh M, Reljic R, González-Fernández Á. Changes in the Immune Phenotype and Gene Expression Profile Driven by a Novel Tuberculosis Nanovaccine: Short and Long-Term Post-immunization. Front Immunol 2021; 11:589863. [PMID: 33584654 PMCID: PMC7876410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering protection mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a critical challenge for the development of new vaccines and therapies. We analyze the phenotypic and transcriptomic profile in lung of a novel tuberculosis (TB) nanoparticle-based boosting mucosal vaccine Nano-FP1, which combined to BCG priming conferred enhanced protection in mice challenged with low-dose Mtb. We analyzed the vaccine profile and efficacy at short (2 weeks), medium (7 weeks) and long term (11 weeks) post-vaccination, and compared it to ineffective Nano-FP2 vaccine. We observed several changes in the mouse lung environment by both nanovaccines, which are lost shortly after boosting. Additional boosting at long-term (14 weeks) recovered partially cell populations and transcriptomic profile, but not enough to enhance protection to infection. An increase in both total and resident memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, but no pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, were correlated with better protection. A unique gene expression pattern with differentially expressed genes revealed potential pathways associated to the immune defense against Mtb. Our findings provide an insight into the critical immune responses that need to be considered when assessing the effectiveness of a novel TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Martínez-Pérez
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Igea
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Olivia Estévez
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Catarina M Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carmen Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucille Adam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moisés López González
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rajko Reljic
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology Group, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
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23
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Gu H, Hu Z, Shi L, Liu X. Assay of extracellular matrix degradation and transmigration of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells after infection with genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in vitro. J Virol Methods 2021; 290:114076. [PMID: 33515662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that, compared to genotype IV Newcastle disease virus (NDV), genotype VII NDV induced extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by up-regulating the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in chicken spleens. To investigate potential relationship between MMP-14 function and the ECM degradation, an in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infection model was established to study the effect of genotype VII NDV (JS5/05) infection on MMP-14 expression, ECM degradation and cell transmigration. The gene and protein expression levels of MMP-14 in NDV-infected chicken PBMCs were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, and the subcellular location of MMP-14 was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. A fluorescence-based collagen degradation assay was optimized to measure ECM degradation in PBMCs. Additionally, parameters of a transwell-based transmigration assay were also optimized to determine chemotaxis and transmigration of virus-infected PBMCs. The results showed that JS5/05 up-regulated significantly the expression of MMP-14 in PBMCs at the mRNA and protein levels compared to genotype IV NDV (Herts/33). MMP-14 was transported towards the membrane and accumulated on the cell surface of the JS5/05-infected cells, whereas it remained mainly in the cytoplasm of the Herts/33-infected cells. Collagen degradation assay showed that JS5/05-infected cells exhibited significant collagen degradation compared to the Herts/33-infected cells, and the areas of collagen degradation co-localized with cell surface MMP-14 in the JS5/05-infected cells. The transwell-based transmigration system showed that the transmigration of the JS5/05-infected PBMCs was enhanced significantly compared to the Herts/33-infected cells. These results demonstrated that genotype VII NDV induced up-regulation and surface accumulation of MMP-14 in PBMCs, leading to enhanced ECM degradation and cell migration, and the assays optimized for this study were useful for investigating the regulation of cell behaviour by NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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24
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Association of rs12722 COL5A1 with pulmonary tuberculosis: a preliminary case-control study in a Kazakhstani population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:691-699. [PMID: 33409715 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cavitation is the classic hallmark of TB, which facilitates the disease development and transmission. It involves the degradation of lung parenchyma which is mainly made up of collagen fibers by metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by activated monocyte-derived cells, neutrophils and stromal cells. The following population-based preliminary case-control study of adults with TB (50) and controls (112) without TB was used to investigate possible association between rs1800012 in COL1A1, rs12722 in COL5A1 genes and pulmonary TB in Kazakhstan. We examined 162 samples (50 cases and 112 controls) to study the associations between TB disease status and demographic variables along with single nucleotide polymorphisms related to COLA1 and COL5A1. The unadjusted χ2 and multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out relationships between SNP and other predictors. Preliminary findings suggest that there is a statistically significant association of age (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.94-0.99, p value = 0.049), social status (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI:1.16-5.02, p value = 0.018), HIV status (AOR = 7.12, 95% CI:1.90-26.7, p value = 0.004) and heterozygous rs12722 SNP (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI:1.17-5.19, p value = 0.018) polymorphism of COL5A1 gene with TB susceptibility. The association of collagen genes with TB pathogenesis indicates that anti TB programs can include development of new drug regimens that include MMP inhibitors which has been found to be helpful in collagen remodeling and repair. Therapeutic targeting of MMPs will prevent extracellular matrix and collagen degradation and granuloma maturation.
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25
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Naqvi KF, Endsley JJ. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Tuberculosis and HIV Immunity: Insights Into Co-infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:263. [PMID: 32582566 PMCID: PMC7283559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a central role in host recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Signaling through CLRs displayed on antigen presenting cells dictates important innate and adaptive immune responses. Several pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit the receptors or signaling pathways of the CLR system to gain entry or propagate in host cells. CLR responses to high priority pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, Ebola, and others are described and considered potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Mtb and HIV are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease and have a synergistic relationship that further promotes aggressive disease in co-infected persons. Immune recognition through CLRs and other PRRs are important determinants of disease outcomes for both TB and HIV. Investigations of CLR responses to Mtb and HIV, to date, have primarily focused on single infection outcomes and do not account for the potential effects of co-infection. This review will focus on CLRs recognition of Mtb and HIV motifs. We will describe their respective roles in protective immunity and immune evasion or exploitation, as well as their potential as genetic determinants of disease susceptibility, and as avenues for development of therapeutic interventions. The potential convergence of CLR-driven responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the setting of Mtb and HIV co-infection will further be discussed relevant to disease pathogenesis and development of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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26
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Li Y, Wang Y, Ding H, Zhang N, Ma A, Shi J, Niu N. Pathologic characteristics of spinal tuberculosis: analysis of 181 cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:1253-1261. [PMID: 32509101 PMCID: PMC7270693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide a basis for the diagnosis of spinal TB by analyzing its pathologic characteristics. METHODS The data of 181 patients with spinal TB who underwent surgery from January 2013 to January 2019 at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The participants comprised 80 men and 101 women with an average age of 45.1 ± 16.5 (range: 14-78) years. Based on the assessment of tissue samples, five patients had cervical TB, 49 had thoracic TB, 86 had lumbar TB, 22 had thoracolumbar TB, and 19 had lumbosacral TB. Tuberculous granulation tissue, sclerotic bone, sequestrum, and intervertebral disc tissue were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proportion of patients with atypical and typical pathologic characteristics was identified and compared for statistical analysis. RESULTS The typical pathologic characteristics included tubercles, granulomas, caseous necrosis, multinuclear giant cells, infiltration of acute inflammatory cells, sequestration, and fibroblastic proliferation. A total of 119 patients had caseous necrosis, 95 had multinuclear giant cells, 68 had granulomatous inflammation, and 21 had tubercles. Moreover, 46 (25.4%) patients had at least three pathologic characteristics and only 12 (6.6%) exhibited all the pathologic characteristics. Of the 35 (19.3%) patients with atypical pathologic characteristics, 17 had lymphocyte infiltration, 10 had fibroblastic proliferation, 2 had hyaline changes, 1 had local hemorrhage, 1 chronic inflammatory change, 2 had sequestration, 1 had dilated and congested vessels, and 1 had acute suppurative inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The most common pathologic characteristics were caseous necrosis, multinuclear giant cells, granulomatous inflammation, and tubercles. Moreover, multiple pathologic characteristics were observed in patients with spinal TB and one type of these characteristics was dominant. However, atypical pathologic characteristics were also noted. Thus, both pathologic examination and clinical analysis must be performed to improve the diagnostic rate of spinal TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongai Li
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Huiqiang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ailing Ma
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiandang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ningkui Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
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27
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Elkington P, Lerm M, Kapoor N, Mahon R, Pienaar E, Huh D, Kaushal D, Schlesinger LS. In Vitro Granuloma Models of Tuberculosis: Potential and Challenges. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1858-1866. [PMID: 30929010 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research efforts, several fundamental disease processes for tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly understood. A central enigma is that host immunity is necessary to control disease yet promotes transmission by causing lung immunopathology. Our inability to distinguish these processes makes it challenging to design rational novel interventions. Elucidating basic immune mechanisms likely requires both in vivo and in vitro analyses, since Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly specialized human pathogen. The classic immune response is the TB granuloma organized in three dimensions within extracellular matrix. Several groups are developing cell culture granuloma models. In January 2018, NIAID convened a workshop, entitled "3-D Human in vitro TB Granuloma Model" to advance the field. Here, we summarize the arguments for developing advanced TB cell culture models and critically review those currently available. We discuss how integrating complementary approaches, specifically organoids and mathematical modeling, can maximize progress, and conclude by discussing future challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lerm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kapoor
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital-Adventist Health System, Orlando
| | - Robert Mahon
- Division of AIDS, Columbus Technologies and Services Inc., Contractor to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Elsje Pienaar
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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28
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Tezera LB, Bielecka MK, Ogongo P, Walker NF, Ellis M, Garay-Baquero DJ, Thomas K, Reichmann MT, Johnston DA, Wilkinson KA, Ahmed M, Jogai S, Jayasinghe SN, Wilkinson RJ, Mansour S, Thomas GJ, Ottensmeier CH, Leslie A, Elkington PT. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy leads to tuberculosis reactivation via dysregulation of TNF-α. eLife 2020; 9:52668. [PMID: 32091388 PMCID: PMC7058383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we developed a 3-dimensional cell culture model of human tuberculosis (TB) and demonstrated its potential to interrogate the host-pathogen interaction (Tezera et al., 2017a). Here, we use the model to investigate mechanisms whereby immune checkpoint therapy for cancer paradoxically activates TB infection. In patients, PD-1 is expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected lung tissue but is absent in areas of immunopathology. In the microsphere model, PD-1 ligands are up-regulated by infection, and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is further induced by hypoxia. Inhibition of PD-1 signalling increases Mtb growth, and augments cytokine secretion. TNF-α is responsible for accelerated Mtb growth, and TNF-α neutralisation reverses augmented Mtb growth caused by anti-PD-1 treatment. In human TB, pulmonary TNF-α immunoreactivity is increased and circulating PD-1 expression negatively correlates with sputum TNF-α concentrations. Together, our findings demonstrate that PD-1 regulates the immune response in TB, and inhibition of PD-1 accelerates Mtb growth via excessive TNF-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liku B Tezera
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magdalena K Bielecka
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- TB Centre and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ellis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Diana J Garay-Baquero
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristian Thomas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela T Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - David A Johnston
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
| | - Sanjay Jogai
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Suwan N Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul T Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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29
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Yamauchi M, Kinjo T, Parrott G, Miyagi K, Haranaga S, Nakayama Y, Chibana K, Fujita K, Nakamoto A, Higa F, Owan I, Yonemoto K, Fujita J. Diagnostic performance of serum interferon gamma, matrix metalloproteinases, and periostin measurements for pulmonary tuberculosis in Japanese patients with pneumonia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227636. [PMID: 31917802 PMCID: PMC6952104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum markers that differentiate between tuberculous and non-tuberculous pneumonia would be clinically useful. However, few serum markers have been investigated for their association with either disease. In this study, serum levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 9 (MMP-1 and MMP-9, respectively), and periostin were compared between 40 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 28 non-tuberculous pneumonia (non-PTB) patients. Diagnostic performance was assessed by analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and classification trees. Serum IFN-γ and MMP-1 levels were significantly higher and serum MMP-9 levels significantly lower in PTB than in non-PTB patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was observed in serum periostin levels between groups. ROC curve analysis could not determine the appropriate cut-off value with high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, a classification tree method was applied. This method identified patients with limited infiltration into three groups with statistical significance (p = 0.01), and those with MMP-1 levels < 0.01 ng/mL and periostin levels ≥ 118.8 ng/mL included only non-PTB patients (95% confidence interval 0.0–41.0). Patients with extensive infiltration were also divided into three groups with statistical significance (p < 0.001), and those with MMP-9 levels < 3.009 ng/mL included only PTB patients (95% confidence interval 76.8–100.0). In conclusion, the novel classification tree developed using MMP-1, MMP-9, and periostin data distinguished PTB from non-PTB patients. Further studies are needed to validate our cut-off values and the overall clinical usefulness of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yamauchi
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinjo
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Gretchen Parrott
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagi
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shusaku Haranaga
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Center for General Clinical Training and Education, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Chibana
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Futoshi Higa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Isoko Owan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yonemoto
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Biostatistics, Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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30
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Matrix Metalloproteinases as Markers of Acute Inflammation Process in the Pulmonary Tuberculosis. DATA 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/data4040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main factors of pathogenesis in the pulmonary tuberculosis are not only the bacterial virulence and sensitivity of the host immune system to the pathogen, but also the degree of destruction of the lung tissue. Such destruction processes lead to the development of caverns, in most cases requiring surgical interventions besides the drug therapy. Identification of special biochemical markers allowing to assess the necessity of surgery or therapy prolongation remains a challenge. We consider promising markers—metalloproteinases—analyzing the data obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infected by different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We argue that the presence of drug-resistant strains in lungs leading to complicated clinical prognosis could be justified not only by the difference in medians of biomarkers concentration (as determined by the Mann–Whitney test for small samples), but also by the qualitative difference in their probability distributions (as detected by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). Our results and the provided raw data could be used for further development of precise biochemical data-based diagnostic and prognostic tools for pulmonary tuberculosis.
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31
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Urbanowski ME, Ihms EA, Bigelow K, Kübler A, Elkington PT, Bishai WR. Repetitive Aerosol Exposure Promotes Cavitary Tuberculosis and Enables Screening for Targeted Inhibitors of Extensive Lung Destruction. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:53-63. [PMID: 29554286 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cavitation is a serious consequence of tuberculosis. We tested the hypothesis that repetitive exposure to the same total bacterial burden of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drives greater lung destruction than a single exposure. We also tested whether inhibition of endogenous matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) may inhibit cavitation during tuberculosis. Methods Over a 3-week interval, we infected rabbits with either 5 aerosols of 500 colony-forming units (CFU) of M. tuberculosis or a single aerosol of 2500 CFU plus 4 sham aerosols. We administered the MMP-1 inhibitor cipemastat (100 mg/kg daily) during weeks 5-10 to a subset of the animals. Results Repetitive aerosol infection produced greater lung inflammation and more cavities than a single aerosol infection of the same bacterial burden (75% of animals vs 25%). Necropsies confirmed greater lung pathology in repetitively exposed animals. For cipemastat-treated animals, there was no significant difference in cavity counts, cavity volume, or disease severity compared to controls. Conclusions Our data show that repetitive aerosol exposure with M. tuberculosis drives greater lung damage and cavitation than a single exposure. This suggests that human lung destruction due to tuberculosis may be exacerbated in settings where individuals are repeatedly exposed. MMP-1 inhibition with cipemastat did not prevent the development of cavitation in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Urbanowski
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Ihms
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristina Bigelow
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - André Kübler
- Queen's Hospital, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospital National Health Service Trust, Romford, Essex
| | - Paul T Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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32
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Sabir N, Hussain T, Mangi MH, Zhao D, Zhou X. Matrix metalloproteinases: Expression, regulation and role in the immunopathology of tuberculosis. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12649. [PMID: 31199047 PMCID: PMC6668971 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leads to approximately 1.5 million human deaths every year. In pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), Mtb must drive host tissue destruction to cause pulmonary cavitation and dissemination in the tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases capable of degrading all components of pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM). It is well established that Mtb infection leads to upregulation of MMPs and also causes disturbance in the balance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), thus altering the extracellular matrix deposition. In TB, secretion of MMPs is mainly regulated by NF-κB, p38 and MAPK signalling pathways. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory roles of MMPs in Mtb pathogenesis. Researchers have proposed a new regimen of improved TB treatment by inhibition of MMP activity to hinder matrix destruction and to minimize the TB-associated morbidity and mortality. The proposed regimen involves adjunctive use of MMP inhibitors such as doxycycline, marimastat and other related drugs along with front-line anti-TB drugs to reduce granuloma formation and bacterial load. These findings implicate the possible addition of economical and well-tolerated MMP inhibitors to current multidrug regimens as an attractive mean to increase the drug potency. Here, we will summarize the recent advancements regarding expression of MMPs in TB, their immunomodulatory role, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets to control the deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain Mangi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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33
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Kim EW, De Leon A, Jiang Z, Radu RA, Martineau AR, Chan ED, Bai X, Su WL, Montoya DJ, Modlin RL, Liu PT. Vitamin A Metabolism by Dendritic Cells Triggers an Antimicrobial Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere 2019; 4:e00327-19. [PMID: 31167948 PMCID: PMC6553556 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00327-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence correlates low serum vitamin A (retinol) levels with increased susceptibility to active tuberculosis (TB); however, retinol is biologically inactive and must be converted into its bioactive form, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Given that ATRA triggers a Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2)-dependent antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we investigated the mechanism by which the immune system converts retinol into ATRA at the site of infection. We demonstrate that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-derived dendritic cells (DCs), but not macrophages, express enzymes in the vitamin A metabolic pathway, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member a2 (ALDH1A2) and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, member 9 (DHRS9), enzymes capable of the two-step conversion of retinol into ATRA, which is subsequently released from the cell. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression levels of ALDH1A2 and DC marker CD1B were lower in tuberculosis lung tissues than in normal lung. The conditioned medium from DCs cultured with retinol stimulated antimicrobial activity from M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages, as well as the expression of NPC2 in monocytes, which was blocked by specific inhibitors, including retinoic acid receptor inhibitor (RARi) or N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), an ALDH1A2 inhibitor. These results indicate that metabolism of vitamin A by DCs transactivates macrophage antimicrobial responses.IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent worldwide. One factor that contributes to the success of the microbe is the deficiency in immunomodulatory nutrients, such as vitamin A (retinol), which are prevalent in areas where TB is endemic. Clinical trials show that restoration of systemic retinol levels in active TB patients is ineffective in mitigating the disease; however, laboratory studies demonstrate that activation of the vitamin A pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages triggers an antimicrobial response. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the link between host retinol levels and retinoic acid-mediated antimicrobial responses against M. tuberculosis By combining established in vitro models with in situ studies of lung tissue from TB patients, this study demonstrates that the innate immune system utilizes transcellular metabolism leading to activation between dendritic cells and macrophages as a means to combat the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot W Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Avelino De Leon
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhichun Jiang
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roxana A Radu
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D Chan
- Department of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiyuan Bai
- Department of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dennis J Montoya
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philip T Liu
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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34
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Ding X, Cao Y, Xing Y, Ge S, Lin M, Li J. TIMP-1 Mediates Inflammatory and Immune Response to IL-6 in Adult Orbital Xanthogranulomatous Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019; 28:288-297. [PMID: 30973282 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1581227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the pathogenesis that TIMP-1 mediated in adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease (AOXGD), a rare type of non-Langerhans histiocytosis that damages the appearance and quality of life of patientsMethods: We reviewed 22 patients diagnosed with AOXGD based on clinical manifestations and histological analysis, and then investigated the expression of TIMP-1 and IL-6 with q-PCR and IHC in AOXGD tissues and the possible mechanism involved in the induction of TIMP-1 by IL-6.Results: IL-6 and TIMP-1 were significantly increased in AOXGD tissues. IL-6 promoted TIMP-1 production by M1 macrophages by stimulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Moreover, IL-17 and IFN-γ, the classical markers of Th1 and Th17 cells, were increased in AOXGD.Conclusion: These data implied that the IL6~JAK2/STAT3-TIMP-1 signalling pathway is activated in AOXGD and that adaptive Th1 and Th17 responses are involved in the development of AOXGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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35
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Rohlwink UK, Walker NF, Ordonez AA, Li YJ, Tucker EW, Elkington PT, Wilkinson RJ, Wilkinson KA. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pulmonary and Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061350. [PMID: 30889803 PMCID: PMC6471445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the single biggest infectious cause of death globally, claiming almost two million lives and causing disease in over 10 million individuals annually. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes with various physiological roles implicated as key factors contributing to the spread of TB. They are involved in the breakdown of lung extracellular matrix and the consequent release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli into the airways. Evidence demonstrates that MMPs also play a role in central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, as they contribute to the breakdown of the blood brain barrier and are associated with poor outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, in pediatric TBM, data indicate that MMPs may play a role in both pathology and recovery of the developing brain. MMPs also have a significant role in HIV-TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the lungs and the brain, and their modulation offers potential novel therapeutic avenues. This is a review of recent research on MMPs in pulmonary and CNS TB in adults and children and in the context of co-infection with HIV. We summarize different methods of MMP investigation and discuss the translational implications of MMP inhibition to reduce immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula K Rohlwink
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Naomi F Walker
- TB Centre and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Yifan J Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth W Tucker
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - Paul T Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Katalin A Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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36
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Fitzgerald BL, Islam MN, Graham B, Mahapatra S, Webb K, Boom WH, Malherbe ST, Joloba ML, Johnson JL, Winter J, Walzl G, Belisle JT. Elucidation of a Human Urine Metabolite as a Seryl-Leucine Glycopeptide and as a Biomarker of Effective Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:353-364. [PMID: 30585483 PMCID: PMC6412501 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
evaluation of new tuberculosis (TB) therapies is limited by the paucity
of biomarkers to monitor treatment response. Previous work detected
an uncharacterized urine metabolite with a molecular mass of 874.3547
Da that showed promise as a biomarker for successful TB treatment.
Using mass spectrometry combined with enzymatic digestions, the metabolite
was structurally characterized as a seryl-leucine core 1 O-glycosylated peptide (SLC1G) of human origin. Examination of SLC1G
in urine revealed a significant abundance increase in individuals
with active TB versus their household contacts and healthy controls.
Moreover, differential decreases in SLC1G levels were observed by
week one in TB patients during successful treatment versus those that
failed treatment. The SLC1G levels were also associated with clinical
parameters used to measure bacterial burden (GeneXpert) and inflammation
(positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT)). These
results demonstrate the importance of metabolite identification and
provide strong evidence for applying SLC1G as a biomarker of TB treatment
response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryna L. Fitzgerald
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Barbara Graham
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sebabrata Mahapatra
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kristofor Webb
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU), Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, 28A Upper Kololo Terrace, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephanus T. Malherbe
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- School for Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John L. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Unit (TBRU), Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, 28A Upper Kololo Terrace, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jill Winter
- Catalysis Foundation for Health, 2100 Addison Street, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 0922 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Stek C, Allwood B, Walker NF, Wilkinson RJ, Lynen L, Meintjes G. The Immune Mechanisms of Lung Parenchymal Damage in Tuberculosis and the Role of Host-Directed Therapy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2603. [PMID: 30425706 PMCID: PMC6218626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired lung function is common in people with a history of tuberculosis. Host-directed therapy added to tuberculosis treatment may reduce lung damage and result in improved lung function. An understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary damage in TB is fundamental to successfully predicting which interventions could be beneficial. In this review, we describe the different features of TB immunopathology that lead to impaired lung function, namely cavities, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis. We discuss the immunological processes that cause lung damage, focusing on studies performed in humans, and using chest radiograph abnormalities as a marker for pulmonary damage. We highlight the roles of matrix metalloproteinases, neutrophils, eicosanoids and cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1β, as well as the role of HIV co-infection. Finally, we focus on various existing drugs that affect one or more of the immunological mediators of lung damage and could therefore play a role as host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Stek
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lutgarde Lynen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Modeling Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Context of the Microenvironment: Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Comes of Age. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00282-18. [PMID: 30181350 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00282-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs provide the structural and biochemical landscapes upon which microbial pathogens and commensals function to regulate health and disease. While flat two-dimensional (2-D) monolayers composed of a single cell type have provided important insight into understanding host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, these reductionist models lack many essential features present in the native host microenvironment that are known to regulate infection, including three-dimensional (3-D) architecture, multicellular complexity, commensal microbiota, gas exchange and nutrient gradients, and physiologically relevant biomechanical forces (e.g., fluid shear, stretch, compression). A major challenge in tissue engineering for infectious disease research is recreating this dynamic 3-D microenvironment (biological, chemical, and physical/mechanical) to more accurately model the initiation and progression of host-pathogen interactions in the laboratory. Here we review selected 3-D models of human intestinal mucosa, which represent a major portal of entry for infectious pathogens and an important niche for commensal microbiota. We highlight seminal studies that have used these models to interrogate host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease mechanisms, and we present this literature in the appropriate historical context. Models discussed include 3-D organotypic cultures engineered in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, extracellular matrix (ECM)-embedded/organoid models, and organ-on-a-chip (OAC) models. Collectively, these technologies provide a more physiologically relevant and predictive framework for investigating infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial therapies at the intersection of the host, microbe, and their local microenvironments.
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39
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Collagen degradation in tuberculosis pathogenesis: the biochemical consequences of hosting an undesired guest. Biochem J 2018; 475:3123-3140. [PMID: 30315001 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The scenario of chemical reactions prompted by the infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is huge. The infection generates a localized inflammatory response, with the recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and T-lymphocytes. Consequences of this immune reaction can be the eradication or containment of the infection, but these events can be deleterious to the host inasmuch as lung tissue can be destroyed. Indeed, a hallmark of tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of lung cavities, which increase disease development and transmission, as they are sites of high mycobacterial burden. Pulmonary cavitation is associated with antibiotic failure and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. For cavities to form, M. tuberculosis induces the overexpression of host proteases, like matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsin, which are secreted from monocyte-derived cells, neutrophils, and stromal cells. These proteases destroy the lung parenchyma, in particular the collagen constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Namely, in an attempt to destroy infected cells, the immune reactions prompted by mycobacterial infections induce the destruction of vital regions of the lung, in a process that can become fatal. Here, we review structure and function of the main molecular actors of ECM degradation due to M. tuberculosis infection and the proposed mechanisms of tissue destruction, mainly attacking fibrillar collagen. Importantly, enzymes responsible for collagen destruction are emerging as key targets for adjunctive therapies to limit immunopathology in TB.
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40
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Tomlin H, Piccinini AM. A complex interplay between the extracellular matrix and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens. Immunology 2018; 155:186-201. [PMID: 29908065 PMCID: PMC6142291 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the host extracellular matrix (ECM) in infection tends to be neglected. However, the complex interactions between invading pathogens, host tissues and immune cells occur in the context of the ECM. On the pathogen side, a variety of surface and secreted molecules, including microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and tissue-degrading enzymes, are employed that interact with different ECM proteins to effectively establish an infection at specific sites. Microbial pathogens can also hijack or misuse host proteolytic systems to modify the ECM, evade immune responses or process biologically active molecules such as cell surface receptors and cytokines that direct cell behaviour and immune defence. On the host side, the ECM composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure undergo significant modifications, which have a profound impact on the specific signals that the ECM conveys to immune cells at the forefront of infection. Unexpectedly, activated immune cells participate in the remodelling of the local ECM by synthesizing ECM glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagen molecules. The close interplay between the ECM and the innate immune response to microbial pathogens ultimately affects the outcome of infection. This review explores and discusses recent data that implicate an active role for the ECM in the immune response to infection, encompassing antimicrobial activities, microbial recognition, macrophage activation, phagocytosis, leucocyte population balance, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory networks, and may foster novel antimicrobial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tomlin
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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41
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Bielecka MK, Elkington P. Advanced cellular systems to study tuberculosis treatment. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:16-21. [PMID: 29990957 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills more humans than any other infection and drug resistant strains are progressively emerging. Whilst the successful development of new agents for multi-drug resistant Mtb represents a major step forward, this progress must be balanced against recent disappointments in treatment-shortening trials. Consequently, there is a pressing need to strengthen the pipeline of drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) and develop innovative therapeutic regimes. Approaches that bridge diverse disciplines are likely to be required to provide systems that address the limitations of current experimental models. Mtb is an obligate human pathogen that has undergone extensive co-evolution, resulting in a complex interplay between the host and pathogen. This chronic interaction involves multiple micro-environments, which may underlie some of the challenges in developing new drugs. The authors propose that advanced cell culture models of TB are likely to be an important addition to the experimental armamentarium in developing new approaches to TB, and here we review recent progress in this area and discuss the principal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Bielecka
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Paul Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.
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42
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Stolley DL, May EE. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mycobacterium-Dependent Macrophage Response. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:2390-2393. [PMID: 30440888 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are three main outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: clearance, dissemination, and containment - in which the immune system physically isolates the invading microbes in lesions called granulomas. These structures are a hallmark of the disease and play an important role in the progression of infection. However, current in vitro and in vivo methods are ill adapted for spatial and temporal quantification of host-pathogen dynamics, which are necessary for the development of granulomas. We have developed an integrated 3D in vitro and computational platform with longterm time-lapse confocal imaging to provide a semi-automatic analysis of host-pathogen interaction data. Through exploratory data analysis, we conduct a preliminary investigation of how the intracellular bacterial load of macrophages can impact cellular spatiotemporal dynamics during Mycobacterium infection.
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Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors enhance the efficacy of frontline drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006974. [PMID: 29698476 PMCID: PMC5919409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a grave threat to world health with emerging drug resistant strains. One prominent feature of Mtb infection is the extensive reprogramming of host tissue at the site of infection. Here we report that inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by a panel of small molecule inhibitors enhances the in vivo potency of the frontline TB drugs isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Inhibition of MMP activity leads to an increase in pericyte-covered blood vessel numbers and appears to stabilize the integrity of the infected lung tissue. In treated mice, we observe an increased delivery and/or retention of frontline TB drugs in the infected lungs, resulting in enhanced drug efficacy. These findings indicate that targeting Mtb-induced host tissue remodeling can increase therapeutic efficacy and could enhance the effectiveness of current drug regimens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) continues to be the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide, leading to 1.8 million deaths in 2015. The long treatment required (6–9 months), with all of its incumbent problems, can promote the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB strains, so strategies to shorten the treatment duration are in dire need. Mtb’s success as a pathogen hinges on its ability to remodel the host tissue, characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and leaky vascularization. Here we report that inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) significantly enhances the potency of frontline TB antibiotics. These MMP inhibitors increase the relative proportion of healthy blood vessels versus leaky dysfunctional vessels at the infection site, and enhance drug delivery and/or retention. Our study highlights the potential of targeting Mtb-induced host tissue remodeling to enhance the efficacy of current frontline antibiotics. It also suggests an alternative therapeutic strategy to repair the leaky blood vessels in TB granulomas to enhance drug delivery. Repurposing of MMP inhibitors may hold the key to shortening TB treatments and combating the emergence of MDR strains.
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44
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Hu Z, Gu H, Hu J, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Jiao X, Liu X. Quantitative proteomics identify an association between extracellular matrix degradation and immunopathology of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in the spleen in chickens. J Proteomics 2018; 181:201-212. [PMID: 29684681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is characterized with remarkable immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. However, the mechanism for this unique pathological phenotype is not fully understood. Previous transcriptomics data showed that genotype VII NDV JS5/05 caused a greater downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes than genotype IV virus Herts/33 in the spleen. In this study, the role of ECM in pathology of genotype VII NDV was investigated using quantitative proteomics. Pathology studies showed that JS5/05 caused severe immunopathology characterized with remarkable necrosis in the spleen, whereas Herts/33 only induced mild pathological changes. The ECM was firstly enriched from the spleens and ECM proteins of different categories were identified by LC-MS/MS. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that JS5/05 caused a significant disruption of ECM integrity and molecular composition compared to Herts/33. Particularly, JS5/05 induced a more remarkable collagen breakdown in the spleen compared to Herts/33. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and -14 were significantly upregulated by JS5/05 infection. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differential regulation of ECM proteins by JS5/05 and Herts/33 may impact pathology through different pathways. Therefore, our results suggested that MMP upregulation and consequent ECM degradation contribute to immunopathology of genotype VII NDV in the spleen. SIGNIFICANCE Pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV is characterized with severe immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. Elucidating the mechanism of this pathology phenotype is critical to understand pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV. Here, we present the proteomic data of an important non-cellular compartment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), in the spleen from chickens infected with genotype VII and IV NDVs. Our results suggest that significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by genotype VII NDV and consequent disruption of ECM integrity and composition may be associated with immunopathology in the spleen. Moreover, ECM degradation, represented by collagen breakdown, is an important pathology event in the process of genotype VII NDV infection. Our study for the first time presents evidence of ECM regulation by NDV and adds ECM remodeling as a new manifestation for NDV pathology. Our findings also deepen the understanding of NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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45
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da Costa Souza P, Dondo PS, Souza G, Lopes D, Moscardi M, de Miranda Martinho V, de Mattos Lourenço RD, Prieto T, Balancin ML, Assato AK, Teodoro WR, Rodrigues S, Lima M, Castellano MV, Coletta E, Parra ER, Capelozzi VL. Comprehensive analysis of immune, extracellular matrices and pathogens profile in lung granulomatosis of unexplained etiology. Hum Pathol 2018; 75:104-115. [PMID: 29410258 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the type 1 and type 2T helper (Th1/Th2) cytokines (including interleukins), immune cellular, matrix profile, and pathogens in granulomas with unexplained etiology compared to those with infectious and noninfectious etiology. Surgical lung biopsies from 108 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, morphometry and polymerase chain reaction were used, respectively, to evaluate total collagen and elastin fibers, collagen I and III, immune cells, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9, myofibroblasts, and multiple usual and unusual pathogens. No relevant polymerase chain reaction expression was found in unexplained granulomas. A significant difference was found between the absolute number of eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes within granulomas compared to uninvolved lung tissue. Granulomas with unexplained etiology (UEG) presented increased number of eosinophils and high expression of interleukins (ILs) IL-4/IL-5 and transforming growth factor-β. In sarcoidosis, CD4/CD8 cell number was significantly higher within and outside granulomas, respectively; the opposite was detected in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Again, a significant difference was found between the high number of myofibroblasts and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in UEG, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis compared to granulomas of tuberculosis. Granulomas of paracoccidioisis exhibited increased type I collagen and elastic fibers. Th1 immune cellular profile was similar among granulomas with unexplained, infectious, and noninfectious etiology. In contrast, modulation of Th2 and matrix remodeling was associated with more fibroelastogenesis and scarring of lung tissue in UEG compared to infectious and noninfectious. We concluded that IL-4/IL-5 and transforming growth factor-β might be used as surrogate markers of early fibrosis, reducing the need for genotyping, and promise therapeutic target in unexplained granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola da Costa Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Suemi Dondo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Deborah Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Marcel Moscardi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tabatha Prieto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Balancin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Kawassaki Assato
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rodrigues
- Division of Respiratory Diseases of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, 04029-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima
- Division of Respiratory Diseases of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, 04029-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Vera Castellano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, 04029-000, Brazil
| | - Ester Coletta
- Division of Respiratory Diseases of Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, 04029-000, Brazil
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
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Singh S, Maniakis‐Grivas G, Singh UK, Asher RM, Mauri F, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Interleukin-17 regulates matrix metalloproteinase activity in human pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pathol 2018; 244:311-322. [PMID: 29210073 PMCID: PMC5838784 DOI: 10.1002/path.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by extensive pulmonary matrix breakdown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is key in host defence in TB but its role in TB-driven tissue damage is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that respiratory stromal cell matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in TB is regulated by T-helper 17 (TH -17) cytokines. Biopsies of patients with pulmonary TB were analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) MMP and cytokine concentrations were measured by Luminex assays. Primary human airway epithelial cells were stimulated with conditioned medium from human monocytes infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and TH -17 cytokines. MMP secretion, activity, and gene expression were determined by ELISA, Luminex assay, zymography, RT-qPCR, and dual luciferase reporter assays. Signalling pathways were examined using phospho-western analysis and siRNA. IL-17 is expressed in TB patient granulomas and MMP-3 is expressed in adjacent pulmonary epithelial cells. IL-17 had a divergent, concentration-dependent effect on MMP secretion, increasing epithelial secretion of MMP-3 (p < 0.001) over 72 h, whilst decreasing that of MMP-9 (p < 0.0001); mRNA levels were similarly affected. Both IL-17 and IL-22 increased fibroblast Mtb-dependent MMP-3 secretion but IL-22 did not modulate epithelial MMP-3 expression. Both IL-17 and IL-22, but not IL-23, were significantly up-regulated in BALF from TB patients. IL-17-driven MMP-3 was dependent on p38 MAP kinase and the PI3K p110α subunit. In summary, IL-17 drives airway stromal cell-derived MMP-3, a mediator of tissue destruction in TB, alone and with monocyte-dependent networks in TB. This is regulated by p38 MAP kinase and PI3K pathways. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | | | - Utpal K Singh
- Tuberculosis Unit, Department of MedicineNalanda University HospitalsAgam KuanPatnaIndia
| | - Radha M Asher
- Infectious Diseases and ImmunityImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Hammersmith HospitalsImperial College LondonUK
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Squeglia F, Ruggiero A, De Simone A, Berisio R. A structural overview of mycobacterial adhesins: Key biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. Protein Sci 2017; 27:369-380. [PMID: 29139177 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adherence, colonization, and survival of mycobacteria in host cells require surface adhesins, which are attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets. A large arsenal of pilus and non-pilus adhesins have been identified in mycobacteria. These adhesins are capable of interacting with host cells, including macrophages and epithelial cells and are essential to microbial pathogenesis. In the last decade, several structures of mycobacterial adhesins responsible for adhesion to either macrophages or extra cellular matrix proteins have been elucidated. In addition, key structural and functional information have emerged for the process of mycobacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, mediated by the Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA). In this review, we provide an overview of the structural and functional features of mycobacterial adhesins and discuss their role as important biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutics. Based on the reported data, it appears clear that adhesins are endowed with a variety of different structures and functions. Most adhesins play important roles in the cell life of mycobacteria and are key virulence factors. However, they have adapted to an extracellular life to exert a role in host-pathogen interaction. The type of interactions they form with the host and the adhesin regions involved in binding is partly known and is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Squeglia
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, I-80134, Italy
| | - Alessia Ruggiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, I-80134, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli, I-80134, Italy
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48
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Parasa VR, Muvva JR, Rose JF, Braian C, Brighenti S, Lerm M. Inhibition of Tissue Matrix Metalloproteinases Interferes with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Granuloma Formation and Reduces Bacterial Load in a Human Lung Tissue Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2370. [PMID: 29259583 PMCID: PMC5723394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are hallmarks of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and traditionally viewed as host-protective structures. However, recent evidence suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) uses its virulence factors to stimulate the formation of granuloma. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), host enzymes that cause degradation of the extracellular matrix, to granuloma formation and bacterial load in Mtb-infected tissue. To this end, we used our lung tissue model for TB, which is based on human lung-derived cells and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Global inhibition of MMPs in the Mtb-infected tissue model reduced both granuloma formation and bacterial load. The infection caused upregulation of a set of MMPs (MMP1, 3, 9, and 12), and this finding could be validated in lung biopsies from patients with non-cavitary TB. Data from this study indicate that MMP activation contributes to early TB granuloma formation, suggesting that host-directed, MMP-targeted intervention could be considered as adjunct therapy to TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Parasa
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jeronimo F Rose
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Clara Braian
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lerm
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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49
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Gharun K, Senges J, Seidl M, Lösslein A, Kolter J, Lohrmann F, Fliegauf M, Elgizouli M, Alber M, Vavra M, Schachtrup K, Illert AL, Gilleron M, Kirschning CJ, Triantafyllopoulou A, Henneke P. Mycobacteria exploit nitric oxide-induced transformation of macrophages into permissive giant cells. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2144-2159. [PMID: 29097394 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to mycobacteria involves the formation of granulomas, characterized by a unique macrophage (MΦ) species, so-called multinucleated giant cells (MGC). It remains unresolved whether MGC are beneficial to the host, that is, by prevention of bacterial spread, or whether they promote mycobacterial persistence. Here, we show that the prototypical antimycobacterial molecule nitric oxide (NO), which is produced by MGC in excessive amounts, is a double-edged sword. Next to its antibacterial capacity, NO propagates the transformation of MΦ into MGC, which are relatively permissive for mycobacterial persistence. The mechanism underlying MGC formation involves NO-induced DNA damage and impairment of p53 function. Moreover, MGC have an unsurpassed potential to engulf mycobacteria-infected apoptotic cells, which adds a further burden to their antimycobacterial capacity. Accordingly, mycobacteria take paradoxical advantage of antimicrobial cellular efforts by driving effector MΦ into a permissive MGC state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Gharun
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Senges
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Lösslein
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florens Lohrmann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Fliegauf
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magdeldin Elgizouli
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Martina Vavra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martine Gilleron
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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O'Toole RF, Gautam SS. Limitations of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference genome H37Rv in the detection of virulence-related loci. Genomics 2017; 109:471-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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